Southwest windpower SKYSTREAM 3.7 SPECIFICATIONS

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OWNER’S MANUAL EU EDITION

Installation

Operation

Maintenance

Skystream Energy Europe GmbH

A wholly-owned subsidiary of Southwest Windpower, Inc.

Mannesmannstr. 6 50996 Cologne Germany Tel: +49 (0) 221 16 53 94 50 [email protected] www.skystreamenergy.eu

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Skystream Energy Europe

Congratulations on your purchase and welcome to our family!

Dear Skystream 3.7® Owner,

Thank you for your purchase of Skystream. You have just selected the most technologically advanced, cost-effective renewable energy appliance available for a home or small business. We congratulate you on your choice and are confident you will experience years of dependable service.

Before going any further, please complete and return the enclosed Warranty Registration Card. The conditions of your warranty are dependent upon the proper installation of Skystream. Furthermore, this will assure you of being kept up-to-date with the latest developments from Skystream Energy Europe. These include new options, performance tips, updated software to maximize output and user notices. It is important to know that we do not sell or distribute your information to any third party. We understand your privacy is important.

If you have any questions or comments, we would like to hear from you. Please call during working hours (Monday-Friday 09:00 - 15:00 CET). Our phone number is +49 (0) 221 16 53 94 50.

Again, welcome to our family and thank you for investing in the future of wind energy with Skystream.

Sincerely,

Skystream Energy Europe

Enter the serial and model number below

Serial Number __________________________________

Model Number __________________________________

Skystream Owner’s Manual, EU Edition 3-CMLT-1357-01 Revision: B

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IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

READ THESE IN STRUCTIONS IN THEIR ENTIRETY BEFORE INSTALLING OR OPERATING.

PROFESS IONAL I NSTALLATION: Skystream

Energy Europe strongly recommends Skystream be installed by trained professionals.

1) SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS. This manual contains important instructions for Skystream that must be followed during installation and maintenance.

2) Read, understand and respect all warnings.

3) Do not install Skystream around standing water.

4) Do not install Skystream on a windy day.

5) Install Skystream in accordance with National Electric Code (NEC) and local building codes.

6) Always obtain a building permit before construction.

7) A minimum of 2 adults are required to safely lift or move Skystream. Use proper equipment such as hydraulic hoists to lift Skystream.

8) Always wear appropriate protective personal equipment such as closed toe

work shoes, hard hat, work gloves, and safety glasses when working on or installing Skystream.

9) If unusual noise or abnormal operation is observed from Skystream, turn off the machine and contact authorized service personnel.

10) Shut Skystream “OFF” if ice accumulates on blades to avoid possible injury resulting from ice flying off blades.

11) This wind generator complies with international safety standards and therefore

the design or its installation must never be compromised. a. Do not open the inverter cover, doing so without factory authorization

will void the warranty. b. Apply the proper torque to all fasteners. c. Torque field wire connections to Skystream to 2.3-2.5 N·m. Refer to Electrical Connections section of this manual (Section 2-1-2). d. Install only on a Professional Engineer (PE) certified tower. e. Do not paint the blades.

12) Use only proper grounding techniques as established by the NEC.

13) Properly complete the warranty registration card; failure to complete

and return the card may affect your warranty.

14) Skystream must be installed in accordance with this manual and local and national building codes. Failure to comply with the manual and

local codes will affect and possibly void your warranty.

15) Skystream uses high voltage and is potentially dangerous. Be sure to use all safety precautions at all times.

4 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

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Radio (RF) Interference

Radio (RF) Interference (EU)

Skystream 3.7 has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules (US Federal Communications Commission). These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. Skystream generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If Skystream does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the Skystream on and off, you are encouraged to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the Skyview Interface Module or Remote Display.

• Increase the separation between Skystream and Skyview Interface Module or

Remote Display.

In this manual

IMPORTANT:

Please take note

Complies to European Standards EN 61000-6-3 (2007), EN 61000-6-2 (2005), EN 61000-3-2 (1995), EN 61000-3-3 (2000).

TIP: Helpful information

to ease the installation

Professional installation highly recommended

Warning: Risk of injury or death - proceed with extreme caution

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 5

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS _____________________ 4 RADIO INTERFERENCE _________________________________ 5 SKYSTREAM 3.7® WARRANTY ____________________________ 7 SKYSTREAM 3.7® SPECIFICATIONS _______________________ 8-9 EUROPEAN GRID STANDARDS __________________________ 10

PRIOR TO INSTALLATION ______________________________ 11

INTENDED USE ________________________________________ 11 UNINTENDED USE _____________________________________ 11 INSTALLATION PERSONNEL _____________________________ 12 SITING – FINDING THE BEST LOCATION FOR SKYSTREAM __ 14 LOCAL REQUIREMENTS ________________________________ 14

INSTALLATION ________________________________________ 15

INTRODUCTION ________________________________________ 15 WIRE SIZING ___________________________________________ 15 GROUNDING __________________________________________ 16 UTILITY PANEL CONNECTIONS __________________________ 16 ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS TO SKYSTREAM _____________ 17-18 LIGHTNING PROTECTION _______________________________ 18 INSTALLING SKYSTREAM ON A TOWER ___________________ 19 BOLTING SKYSTREAM TO THE TOWER ____________________ 20-21 BLADES, NOSECONE AND ANTENNA ASSEMBLY __________ 22-24

APPENDICES

Appendix A: Electrical Diagrams 1 Typical Grid Connection ___________________________ 3 2 Typical Battery Charging___________________________ 4

Appendix B: Tower Grounding 1 Introduction_______________________________________ 4 2 Grounding Techniques______________________________ 4-9

Appendix C: Lightning Protection 1 Introduction_______________________________________ 4 2 Lightning Protection Data ___________________________ 4-9

Appendix D: Compliance/Certification Documents 1 UL (US & Canada)_________________________________ 2-3 2 CE (Europe) ______________________________________ 4

OPERATION AND ADJUSTMENTS ______________________ 25

MANUAL OPERATION OF SKYSTREAM ____________________ 25 ADJUSTMENTS _________________________________________ 25 MAINTENANCE _________________________________________ 25-26 SERVICE ______________________________________________ 26 TROUBLESHOOTING ___________________________________ 26 EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN ______________________________ 26 KEY OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS _____________________ 27 DISPOSAL OF SKYSTREAM ______________________________ 28 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS _______________________ 29

6 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

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Skystream 3.7® Limited 5-Year Warranty

WIND TURBINE WARRANTY AGREEMENT

Hardware Warranty

Skystream Energy Europe GmbH, (“Skystream Energy”) will repair or replace free of charge any part or parts of the Skystream Energy Skystream 3.7® wind generator determined by Skystream Energy to be defective in materials and/or workmanship under normal authorized use consistent with product instructions for a period of ﬁve years from the date the original purchaser (“Customer”) receives the wind generator (“Start Date”). This warranty extends only to the original purchaser. The Customer’s sole and exclusive remedy and the entire liability of Skystream Energy, its suppliers and afﬁliates under the warranty is, at Skystream Energy’s option, either (i) to replace the wind generator with new or reconditioned wind generator, (ii) to correct the reported problem, or (iii) to refund the purchase price of the wind generator. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the remainder of the original warranty period.

Restrictions

Problems with the wind generator products can be due to improper use, maintenance, non-Skystream Energy additions or modiﬁcations or other problems not due to defects in Skystream Energy’s workmanship or materials. No warranty will apply if the wind generator (i) has been altered or modiﬁed except by Skystream Energy, (ii) has not been installed, operated, repaired, or maintained in accordance with instructions supplied by Skystream Energy (iii), or (iv) has been exposed to winds exceeding 140 mph (63 m/s), or has been subjected to abnormal physical, thermal or electrical stress, misuse, negligence, or accident. If Skystream Energy’s repair facility determines that the problem with the wind generator is not due to a defect in Skystream Energy’s workmanship or materials, then the party requesting warranty service will be responsible for the costs of all necessary repairs and expenses incurred by Skystream Energy.

Warranty Claims & Return Procedures

In order to be eligible for service under this warranty the Customer MUST return the warranty registration card included with this Warranty Agreement within 60 days of purchasing the wind generator. Additionally, the Customer must submit a service request for the wind generator covered by this warranty within the warranty period by contacting Skystream Energy in writing or via telephone and obtaining a Return Authorization (“RA”) number. This RA must be obtained before returning any product under this warranty. Notiﬁcation must include a description of the alleged defect, the manner in which the wind generator was used, the serial number, and the original purchase date in addition to the name, address, and telephone number of the party requesting warranty service. Within 3 business days of the date of notiﬁcation, Skystream Energy will provide the Customer with a RA number and the location to which the Customer must return the defective wind generator. Any wind generator requiring warranty repair shall be transported at the expense and risk of the party requiring warranty service, including but not limited to proper packaging of the product. The Customer must return the entire wind generator kit within 30 days after issuance of the RA number. Skystream Energy

will be under no obligation to accept any returned wind generator that does not have a valid RA number. Customer’s failure to return the wind generator within 30 days of its receipt of a RA number may result in cancellation of the RA. All parts that Skystream Energy replaces shall become Skystream Energy’s property on the date Skystream Energy ships the repaired wind generator or part back to the Customer. Skystream Energy will use all reasonable efforts within ﬁve days of receipt of the defective wind generator to repair or replace such wind generator. If a warranty claim is invalid for any reason, the Customer will be charged at Skystream Energy’s current rates for services performed and will be charged for all necessary repairs and expenses incurred by Skystream Energy.

Disclaimer

EXCEPT FOR THE EXPRESSED WARRANTY SET FORTH ABOVE, SOUTHWEST WINDPOWER DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER EXPRESSED AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. NO OTHER WARRANTY, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, WHETHER OR NOT SIMILAR IN NATURE TO ANY OTHER WARRANTY PROVIDED HEREIN, SHALL EXIST WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT SOLD UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS. SKYSTREAM ENERGY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL LIABILITY FOR BODILY INJURIES OR DEATH THAT MAY OCCUR, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, BY USE OF THE PRODUCT BY ANY PERSON. ALL OTHER WARRANTIES ARE EXPRESSLY WAIVED BY THE CUSTOMER.

Limitation of Liability

UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL SKYSTREAM ENERGY OR ITS AFFILIATES OR SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE OR RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY LOSS OF USE, INTERRUPTION OF BUSINESS, LOST PROFITS,LOST DATA, OR INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OF ANY KIND REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF ACTION, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, RESULTING FROM THE DEFECT, REPAIR, REPLACEMENT, SHIPMENT OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF SKYSTREAM ENERGY OR ITS AFFILIATE OR SUPPLIER HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. (Note: some states and provinces do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so these limitations may not apply to you). Neither Skystream Energy nor its afﬁliates or suppliers will be held liable or responsible for any damage or loss to any items or products connected to, powered by or otherwise attached to the Hardware. The total cumulative liability to Customer, from all causes of action and all theories of liability, will be limited to and will not exceed the purchase price of the product paid by Customer. This Warranty gives the Customer speciﬁc legal rights and the Customer may also have other legal rights that vary from state to state or province to province.

3-CMLT-1063

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 7

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Skystream 3.7® Technical Specifications

64 cm

Model Skystream 3.7

Rated Capacity 2400 Watts

Weight 77 kg

Rotor Diameter 3.72 metres

Swept Area 10.87 m

Type Downwind rotor with stall regulation control

Direction of Rotation Clockwise looking upwind

Blades 3 Fiberglass reinforced composite

Rated Speed 50 - 330 rpm

Shutdown Speed 370 rpm

Tip Speed 9.7 - 63 m/s

Alternator Slotless permanent magnet brushless

Yaw Control Passive

Grid Feeding 230 Volt, 50 Hz, 1 Phase

Braking System Electronic stall regulation w/redundant relay switch control

Rotor Shaft

Face

Nacelle

Antenna

Hatch Cover

48 cm

Yaw

Cut-in Wind Speed 3.5 m/s

Rated Wind Speed 13 m/s

User Monitoring Wireless 2 way interface remote system

Survival Wind Speed 63 m/s

Total Harmonic Distortion 2.7% at 2400W, meets UL1741 and IEEE1547.1requirements

IEC/EN 61000-3-2; Class A EU Limits; IEC 61400-21

8 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

Frequency Accuracy +/- 0.05 Hz

Voltage Accuracy +/- 2.0 V (line to neutral)

Surge Rating IEEE 1547 Surge Rating B

European Requirement IEC 61000-4-5

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Skystream 3.7® Technical Specifications (continued)

Voltage and Frequency Trip Points

Condition -04 -06 -07 -09 Units

Voltage Stop, minimum 207.0 184.0 194.0 184.0 Volts

Voltage Stop, maximum 264.0 276.0 266.0 264.5 Volts

Voltage Fast Stop, minimum 115.0 115.0 195.5 184.0 Volts

Voltage Fast Stop, maximum 276.0 277.0 264.5 276.0 Volts

Voltage Start, minimum 208.0 185.0 196.5 185.0 Volts

Voltage Start, maximum 254.0 275.0 263.5 252.0 Volts

Frequency Stop, minimum 47.0 49.3 49.5 47.5 Hz

Frequency Stop, maximum 50.5 50.3 50.5 50.2 Hz

Frequency Start, minimum 47.1 49.4 49.6 47.4 Hz

Frequency Start, maximum 50.4 50.2 50.4 50.1 Hz

Minimum Start Time after fault 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 Seconds

Configuration -04 = UK , -06 = Italy , -07 = France , -09 = Germany

Tower Data (Loads calculated at 145 mph - 65 m/s)

Configuration

Note: Loads do not include safety factor. Skystream Energy Europe recommends minimum safety factor of 1.5

Shaft Thrust 2802 N

Downward 932 N

Bending Moment 1532 N·m

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 9

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European Grid Standards

Skystream 3.7 complies with the relevant grid connetion requirements taken from the following European Grid Codes:

• Verband der Electrizitätswirtschaft – VDEW –e.V. “Eigenerzeugungsanlagen am

Niederspannungsnetz” (generation units at low voltage level), 4th Edition, 2001, Germany

• ENA Energy Networks Association “Engineering Recommendation G83/1

– Recommendations for the connection of small-scale embedded generators (up to 16 A per phase) in parallel with the public low voltage distribution net works”’ September 2003

• EDF Référentiel Technique “Modele de Contrat de raccordment, d’accés et

d’exploitation pour une installation de production de puissant ≤ 36 kVA rac

cordée au Réseau Public de Distribution basse tension Conditions Générales”

/ Standard Form Agreement for the Connection, Access and Operation of Power Generating Stations ≤ 36 kVA Connected to the Public Low Voltage Dis tribution Network General Terms and Conditions”, Referentiel technique – NOP RES_55E, Vesion V6, 2006, France.

• DIN V VDE V 0126-1-1 (VDE V 0126-1-1) “Automatic disconnection device

between a generator and the public low voltage grid”, February 2006 Germany.

• Italian Standard CEI 11-20 “Electrical energy production systems and uninter

ruptible power systems connected to LV and MV networks”

• ÖVE/ÖNORM prEN 50438 “ Requirements for the connection of micro-co

generators in parallel with public low-voltage distribution system”, 01.10.2004

10 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

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PRIOR TO INSTALLATION

Intended Use

Skystream 3.7 is a wind powered electricity generator containing an integral AC power inverter. It is designed to supplement the electrical power provided by the local electrical utility company in residential applications by connecting directly to the main AC utility panel. Skystream 3.7 may also be utilized to provide power with battery based residential electrical systems or utility grid connected systems with battery backup. A typical Skystream installation is depicted in Fig. 1 of this manual.

Skystream 3.7 is designed to operate at sites with average wind speeds less than 8.5 m/s - IEC (International Electro-technical Commission) Class II wind conditions. The installation of Skystream at sites with higher average wind speeds will accelerate component wear and require more frequent inspections.

Unintended Use

Utilizing Skystream 3.7 for other than its intended purposes or with inappropriate equipment or modifying Skystream is not authorized by Skystream Energy Europe and will void the warranty and may result in serious or even fatal injury. Observe the following precautions.

• Disconnect power to Skystream prior to servicing – observe “Lock-out” and

“Tag-out” procedures.

• Observe all Electrical Code Requirements including tower grounding require

ments, electrical disconnect switches, wires size and type. Reference the appendices in this manual.

• Do not use unauthorized fasteners. Use fasteners supplied with Skystream.

Contact your dealer for authorized replacement fasteners.

• Observe fastener torque requirements.

• Do not attempt to modify Skystream in any fashion – internally or externally.

• Do not install blades other than those supplied with Skystream. Use only

genuine replacement blades supplied by Skystream Energy Europe,.

• Do not attempt to use a power source other than the wind to power

Skystream – for example connecting pulleys or as water powered turbine.

IMPORTANT: Precautions listed here cannot address all the possible misuses

of Skystream therefore contact Skystream Energy Europe. if there is any doubt or question regarding the installation or use of Skystream.

• Skystream may only be installed on a tower approved by SWWP for use with

Skystream. Do not install Skystream on roofs or on unauthorized towers.

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 11

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Your Skystream Shipment Includes:

Your Skystream shipment includes the following components. For your convenience a small quantity of spare fasteners is included with each Skystream. The quantities indicated below are quantities required to assemble Skystream:

TIP: See exploded view on page 23.

Turbine Assembly on Pallet

• Includes: turbine, nosecone, blade hub, blade plate (screwed to pallet), M42 hub mounting nut.

Blades (may be shipped separately)

• Blade mounting hardware

- M10 x 120, grade 10.9, hex head bolts (quantity 12)

- M10, grade 10.9, nut (quantity 12)

Nosecone mounting hardware

• M6 x 12 socket head screws, A2 stainless steel (quantity 3)

Skystream to Tower Mounting Hardware

• Vibration Isolators (quantity 8)

• Vibration Isolator Snubbing Washers (quantity 8)

• M12 x 90 hex head bolts, grade 10.9 (quantity 8)

• M12 nuts, grade 10.9 (quantity 8)

• M12 flat washers, A2 stainless steel (quantity 8)

Yaw Shield

• Yaw shield halves (quantity 2)

• M5 x 12 socket head screws (quantity 4)

Strain Relief Cover

• Cover with ground wire (quantity 1)

• M5 x 12 socket head screws (quantity 4)

Installation Personnel

Skystream Energy Europe recommends professional installation of Skystream. While Skystream is not difﬁcult to install, and many homeowners have successfully installed their own Skystream, knowledge of local zoning and building code requirements, construction techniques, as well as residential electrical systems is required for a safe installation.

Skystream dealers displaying the following insignia have completed factory training on the correct and safe installation of Skystream.

Skystream Dealer

Miscellaneous

• RF antenna (quantity 1)

12 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

Page 13

kilowat-hou

Transitio

n t

o large

r gauge wir

e i

40 A

GND

20 A

SPD

Skystream and panel

Optiona

+green)

N (blue)

other loads

GND (yellow

wir

GND

L1 (brown)

2-pol

e 3

0 A

, 240VA

Tower groun

syste

Disconnec

t switc

Yaw groun

meter

Use onl

y coppe

r wir

e a

t the generator terminals

require

d due t

o distanc

e between

Aluminum wires may be used for home/utility connection if transition is made in junction box. 14AWG wire must be copper only.

SPD = SURGE PROTECTIV

E DEVIC

E SUC

H A

S AL

IGHTNIN

G CURRENT ARRESTOR.

N APPROPRIATE

ARRESTO

R T

O SATISFY THE REQUIRE

D LIGHTNING

PROTECTIO

N LEVEL MUS

T B

E INSTALLED

SEE

LIGHTNING PROTECTIO

N SECTION O

F MANUA

L FOR

RECOMMENDATIONS

Fig. 1 Typical Skystream Installation

Note: Refer to Appendix A for detailed wiring drawings

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 13

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Siting - Finding The Best Location For Skystream

75 m

6.5 m

Prevailing Wind

Local Requirements

The best location to install a wind turbine is often a compromise. Local building restrictions, the height of surrounding structures, wire length, and available open space may require Skystream be installed in a less than optimum location.

In general Skystream will produce more power if installed on a taller tower. However, towers are expensive so it is important to balance performance (tower height) to installed cost in order to achieve the lowest cost of energy and the quickest payback.

The General Rule: For optimal performance, install Skystream 6.5 m above any surrounding object within a 75 m radius. See ﬁgure below.

TIP: Your dealer can help you determine the best location for Skystream on your property.

Building codes and installation regulations may vary greatly depending upon country, state, city and local townships. Be sure to obtain all the required building permits BEFORE beginning installation. Make sure you understand all inspection and installation requirements. Many locations may require installation by licensed professional to meet building code requirements or to qualify for rebate incentives.

Additionally, be sure to contact the local electrical utility company. Many utility companies will require an “Interconnection Agreement” prior to installation. Some utilities may also require installation of a separate power metre for Skystream.

TIP: See our website: www.skystreamenergy.com for a sample interconnection agreement that may be used by a utility yet to establish a program.

Optimal Skystream location.

14 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

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INSTALLATION

Introduction

The following sections of this manual assume a tower and foundation appropriate for use with a Skystream are in place and ready for Skystream to be installed.

Southwest Windpower designed Skystream for easy installation by minimizing the number of electrical connections. In most cases Skystream may be connected directly to the electrical utility panel. However, local requirements may require installation of a disconnect switch and a second power meter between Skystream and the utility panel.

lations requiring a transition to 16 mm

(6 AWG) or 25 mm

(4 AWG) gauge wire.

Table 2 provides for a 25 m (82 ft) length of 10 mm2 (8 AWG) wire to be run from the Skystream yaw to a disconnect switch box and a length of 16 mm2 (6 AWG) or 25 mm2 (4 AWG) gauge wire to be run from the disconnect switch box to the utility panel. Select the appropriate wire size combination from Table 2 based on the of wire run length and Skystream voltage conﬁguration.

Note if needed the 25 m (82 ft) length of 10 mm2 (8 AWG) wire may be shortened and the larger gauge wire lengthened a corresponding amount. However, DO NOT lengthen the 10 mm2 (8 AWG) wire and also lengthen the larger gauge wire as this will cause excessive resistance.

Wire Sizing

These wire sizing directions are for SINGLE Skysteam turbine installations which are direct run to a main service panel.

DO NOT attempt to use these wire sizing instructions for a Skystream connected to a sub-panel or for multiple Skystreams.

Note that the largest wire size that may be connected to the Skystream yaw terminals is 10 mm

(8 AWG) . For installations requiring a larger wire size (because of distance) Southwest Windpower recommends using a disconnect switch box installed between the tower and utility panel to transition to a larger wire size.

To determine the appropriate wire size measure the total distance from the turbine to the electrical utility panel including the tower height and refer to the tables on this page.

Table 1 includes maximum wire length information for wire sizes 10 mm2 (8 AWG) and smaller without transitioning to a larger wire size. Select the appropriate wire size based on the total wire length and Skystream voltage conﬁguration (230 VAC, single phase).

If the required wire length is greater than can be accomplished with 10 mm2 (8 AWG) wire refer to Table 2. This table includes wire size information for instal-

Table 1

Wire Size 230 VAC, Single Phase

25 mm2 (4 AWG) See Table 2

16 mm2 (6 AWG) See Table 2

10 mm2 (8 AWG) 85 m (278 ft)

6 mm2 (10 AWG) 53 m (174 ft)

4 mm2 (12 AWG) 34 m (110 ft)

Use copper conductors only - Minimum wire temperature rating is 75° C (167° F). Distances and wire sizes are based on 2400 W power production and maximum 2% voltage rise at the turbine.

Table 2

System Voltage Maximum Wire

230 VAC, Single Phase

Warning: For your safety, make sure power is turned off before working on any and all electrical connections.

Length

176 m (577 ft) 25 m (82 ft) -------------- 151 m (495 ft)

120 m (394 ft) 25 m (82 ft) 95 m (312 ft) --------------

10 mm2

(8 AWG)

16 mm2

(6 AWG)

25 mm2

(4 AWG)

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 15

Page 16

Grounding

Utility Panel Connections

All electrical systems must be grounded in accordance with local and national standards. Grounding provides protection from electrical shock, voltage surges and static charge build up.

The figures in Appendix A provide information for grounding the tower and Skystream at the service panel by means of the ground lead coming from the yaw terminals of the turbine.

Appendix B provides information for grounding the tower according to the National Electric Code (USA) and IEC 60364-5-54. Information about grounding electrodes, grounding conductors, and connections is provided.

The turbine must be grounded to the tower as depicted below.

Note: The AC output neutral is NOT bonded to ground within Skystream. The AC neutral is bonded to ground at the AC service panel.

The instructions in this section and Appendix A are provided as reference, local electrical codes and standards have precedence over these instructions.

Skystream connects directly into your electrical panel. Wiring will vary with local zoning authority and utility. Refer to Appendix A for drawings for each voltage, frequency and phase configuration. Some installations will require a visible lockable disconnect switch located next to the electrical metre and/or at the base of the tower. The disconnect switch is utilized by your local utility in the event of a power outage to ensure no voltage is placed on the utility line during repair. Again, it is extremely important to install in accordance with local and national zoning regulations.

Note: Only 20 Amp circuit breakers may be used to connect Skystream to AC

service panel. Refer to wiring diagrams in Appendix A.

Fig. 2 Proper grounding of the yaw connection

16 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

Page 17

Electrical Connections To Skystream

CAUTION – Be sure power is turned off when making electrical connections.

The following section provides directions for completing the main power connections to the Skystream yaw assembly. The connections are most easily accomplished with Skystream on the ground as would be the case when utilizing a tilt up tower.

If the installation does not incorporate a tilt up tower, the connections may still be made on the ground by utilizing a sufficient length of cable to connect Skystream to the nearest junction point. If, for example, an electrical disconnect box will be installed at the base of the tower, connect enough cable to Skystream to make the connections at the disconnect box – leave some extra cable for connections. The wire connections can then be made on the ground, Skystream hoisted to the top of the tower and the cable “lowered” down the tower and Skysteam bolted to the tower.

Position Skystream on its side to access the wire terminals.

Remove approximately 5 cm of protective sheathing from cable and strip

approximately 1 cm of insulation off wire leads.

Note the maximum wire size that can be connected directly to Skystream

is #6 Metric Wire Size or #8 AWG. Refer to Wire Sizing Section of this manual for instructions on selecting correct size wire.

Pass cable through strain relief cover so approximately 2.5 cm of cable

sheath protrudes through the cover.

230 V, 50 Hz, 1 Phase systems: Connect the brown, blue and green/

yellow wires to the matching corresponding color coded terminals on Skystream yaw. There is no wire connection to bare yaw terminal as shown in Fig

3. Tighten wire terminal screws to 2.3-2.5 N-m.

G: Yellow/Green

N: Blue

L1: Brown

Fig. 3 Wire run to the yaw connection (230V, 50Hz, single phase).

Wiring Symbol Definitions - 230 V, 50 Hz, Single Phase Systems

L1 = Line 1, AC Line Voltage, Brown Wire (230V, 50 Hz, systems) N = AC Neutral, Blue Wire, (230V, 50 Hz, systems) G = Gnd. = AC Ground, Green/Yellow Wire

Indicates AC Ground

IMPORTANT: Install

the Skylevel “spider” on the tower top prior to connecting the power wires to Skystream yaw. The wires must pass through center of “spider” as shown in accompanying photograph.

Skylevel “spider”

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 17

Page 18

With power still on, wait approximately 5 minutes and attempt to rotate

main blade shaft; blade should be noticeably easier to turn than with power off.

Turn off power and verify that Skystream has returned to its “braked”

mode. If Skystream fails this test check connections and repeat test – test MUST be passed before proceeding.

With power turned off position the wires as depicted in accompanying

figure and secure strain relief cover using four M5-0.8 x 12 socket head screws. Tighten strain relief clamp to secure cable.

Caution: Make sure AC power is switched “OFF” before proceeding with installation.

Yaw wire

Caution: Electrical Shock Hazard - use extreme care when making electrical measurements on live electrical systems.

After making connections, turn on power and measure voltages at

terminals. See table below:

L1 - N L1 –L2

120 / 240 VAC, 60 Hz, Split Phase

120 / 208 VAC, 60 Hz, 3 Phase

230 VAC, 50 Hz, 1 Phase

120 VAC, 60 Hz, 1 Phase

127/220 VAC, 60 Hz, 3 Phase

120 VAC 240 VAC

120 VAC 208 VAC

230 VAC

120 VAC

127 VAC 220 VAC

---------

Lightning Protection

The Skystream 3.7 turbine is designed to withstand over voltages and surge currents (6kV, 3kA, 8/20µs) caused by INDIRECT lightning strikes or switching operations according to the Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems (IEEE 1547) . For this protection to be effective, it is necessary to ensure that over voltages at the Skystream conection terminals will not be higher than the above values of the surge test.

To provide this over voltage protection against DIRECT lightning strikes; a Type 1 lightning current arrestor, that reduces over voltages to a level below 6 kV but is capable of discharging very high currents, much larger than those handled by surge protective devices present inside Skystream is required.

Note: Refer to Appendix C for speciﬁc instructions on the selection of a Lightning Protection System.

18 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

Page 19

46 cm

30 cm

Stub tower

Not to exceed

213 cm

Installing Skystream on a Tower

There are several types of towers that can be used with Skystream. It is essential that Skystream is installed on a properly engineered tower. One of the leading causes of wind generator failure is use on a poorly designed tower.

Regardless of the tower design and height you select, there are two critical areas that must be considered when selecting the tower. These are the stub tower height and blade clearance, refer to accompanying figure.

Note: The orientation of the vibration isolators is very important. Refer to Figs. 4, 5 & 6.

Warning: Working on towers is dangerous and should be left

to professionals with proper safety equipment and training.

IMPORTANT: Skystream Energy Europe’s Warranty is only extended to installations that are made on a properly engineered tower. Skystream Energy Europe reserves the right to deny any warranty claim in which an improperly designed tower is used.

Critical turbine blade clearances

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 19

Page 20

Bolting Skystream to the Tower

The following section provides directions for bolting Skystream to the tower. Before Skystream is bolted to the tower complete the electrical connections as described in the “ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS” section of this manual. Bolting Skystream to the tower is most easily accomplished at ground level as in the case with a tilt-up tower. Alternately Skystream may be bolted to the tower on the ground, and the tower with Skystream hoisted into position as an assembly; or Skystream may be hoisted to an already erected tower. These latter two options require specialized equipment and training and should only be attempted by trained professionals.

• Install the vibration isolator halves (items 4 and 5) on the yaw as shown in Fig. 6. Note the orientation of the isolator halves is very important – install as shown.

• Insert the vibration isolator bolts and snubbing washers into the vibration isolators from

“above” as shown in Fig. 6.

• Using an appropriate lifting device, lift Skystream and align vibration isolator bolts with

holes in the tower flange.

Note: A wide nylon lifting strap may be used to hoist Skystream into position. The strap MUST cinch or “choke” the turbine tightly prior to hoisting. Refer to the accompanying figure for positioning the strap along the centre of gravity.

18 cm

Centre of gravity

20 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

Page 21

Fig. 4 Placing vibration isolators

• Install nuts on bolts to secure Skystream to the tower.

• Connect the turbine ground wire as depicted in Fig. 2. The turbine MUST be grounded to the tower

as shown.

• Torque the vibration isolator bolts to 80 N-m in two steps. First torque all bolts to 55 N-m then

tighten all bolts to 80 N-m.

• Mount the yaw shield halves using four M5 socket head screws. Refer to Fig. 6.

Fig. 5 Grounding turbine to tower

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 21

Page 22

Installing the Blades (Hub Not on Turbine) Bolt Tightening Sequence

Proper installation of the blades is critical for safe operation. The blade nuts and bolts are a unique grade of steel and are specially coated to prevent corrosion. DO NOT substitute different nuts and bolts. Spare nuts and bolts are provided with Skystream.

Carefully follow these instructions to obtain secure bolted joints and maximum corrosion protection, particularly in corrosive marine environments.

Start the assembly by positioning a blade between the blade hub and blade

plate. The blades may only be installed in one position due to the triangular boss cast into one side of the blade root.

Install the bolts by passing the bolt through the BLADE PLATE and AWAY

from the NACELLE as shown in Fig 7.

Leave the nuts loose until all blades are installed and then tighten the bolts

just enough to clamp the blades between the hub and plate.

IMPORTANT:

• Do NOT substitute nuts, bolts or washers. Contact SWWP for replacements.

• DO NOT apply lubricants to nut or bolt threads.

• RECHECK bolt torque after tightening bolts.

Torque the blade bolts to 68 N·m in two stages.

Following the Blade Bolt Tightening Sequence shown – torque each bolt to

41 N·m in two stages.

After completing first stage, following the Blade Bolt Tightening Sequence,

and tighten each bolt to 68 N·m.

After completing the second tightening stage RECHECK each bolt is tight-

ened to 68 N·m.

The blades are now assembled to the hub and ready for installation onto the

turbine rotor shaft.

Coat the inside diameter of the blade hub with a multipurpose lithium grease

to prevent corrosion between the hub and shaft.

Position the hub nut in the centre of the blade hub and slide the entire hub

/ blade assembly onto the shaft and “spin” the entire assembly to screw the hub onto the shaft.

Tighten the blade hub assembly to 270 N·m by holding the blades and using

the “flats” on the rotor shaft.

22 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

Blade bolt tightening sequence

Page 23

Installing the Nosecone and Antenna

Install the nosecone with three M6-1.0 socket head bolts.

Install RF Antenna on matching fitting on top of Skystream. Fingertight

is sufficient.

Important: Do Not Forget to Install RF Antenna

Do not forget to install the RF antenna. Skystream is equipped with an on-board radio that may be used to monitor its performance via the Skyview Interface. Additionally, service personnel may use the radio to diagnose, troubleshoot or upgrade your Skystream without removing it from the tower.

Final Electrical Tests (Tilt-Up Towers)

At this point Skystream should be bolted to the tower and all the ancillary equipment – blades, nosecone, yaw shield, and antenna – attached.

Prior to tilting the tower into position, the following final electrical tests should be performed:

With power turned off attempt to rotate the blades – there should be noticeable

resistance although the leverage provided by the blade will make it possible to rotate the blades.

Turn on power and attempt to rotate the blades after approximately 5 minutes.

There should be noticeably less resistance required to rotate the blades.

Turn off the power and verify that Skystream returns to a “braked” condition.

Verify Skystream is grounded to the tower by measuring the resistance

Fig. 6 Yaw and antenna assembly

between the nacelle (use an unpainted bolt head in the case of

marine units) and the tower flange. The resistance must = < 1 ohm.

Do not attempt to put Skystream into service until these tests pass. If tests pass, tower may be tilted into position and placed into service.

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 23

Page 24

# DE SCRIPTION QTY.

1 R F Antenna 1

2 M12 x 1.75 x 90mm Hex Bolt Grade 10.9 8

3 Snubbing Washer 8

4, 5 Vibration Isolation Ring (4) and Bushing (5) 8

6 Strain Relief Cover Assembly 1

7 Yaw Shield 2

8 M5 x 12mm Socket Head Screw 8

11 Skylevel Assy. 1

13 M12 x 1.75 Nut grade 10.9 8

14 5” Tower Insert (optional) 1

17 Blade Plate 1

18 Blade 3

19 Blade Hub 1

20 Hex head bolt, M10, grade 10.9 24

21 Hex nut, M10, grade 10.9 12

22 Nosecone 1

23 Hub Retaining Nut grade 10.9 1

24 M6 x 1 x 12mm Bolt SHCS grade 8.8 3

Fig. 7 Blade and nosecone assembly

Fig. 8 Completed assembly

24 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

Page 25

OPERATION AND ADJUSTMENTS

9/30/06

ECO#1012

REVISIONS

REV.

DESCRIPTION

DATE

APPROVED

Manual Operation of Skystream

Manual operation of Skystream is limited to starting and stopping using the circuit breakers at the electrical utility panel or electrical disconnect switch if equipped. To stop Skystream, switch the circuit breakers to “OFF” and to restart Skystream switch the circuit breakers to “ON”. Note that Skystream may require approximately 5 minutes to restart after the circuit breaker is switched “ON”.

An “ATTENTION” label, depicted below, is provided to indicate the location of the AC power disconnect switch or circuit breakers. Apply the label in a prominent location where it will be seen by operators or service personnel.

Adjustments

Adjustments to Skystream are limited to setting the elevation. As delivered, Skystream is configured for operation up 1000 m above sea level. There is no need to reset the elevation unless Skystream is installed above that elevation. The elevation may be reset using the optional remote display. If a remote display is unavailable to you, contact your Skystream dealer about resetting the elevation.

Maintenance

After 20 years of service the blades MUST be replaced – even if there is not apparent damage. The blades should be replaced as a set. Do not

attempt to replace individual blades. All blade mounting hardware – bolts, nuts and washers – should be replaced at the same time. Do NOT attempt to reuse the blade fasteners.

There are no periodic service requirements other than replacing the blades after 20 years. All bearings and rotating components were designed for a 20 year life at an IEC Wind Class II site, under the IEC 61400-2 Small Wind Safety Standard. This corresponds to a site with an average wind speed of 8.5 m/s.

Although there are no routine service or maintenance requirements, Skystream owners should be observant of any unusual sounds, vibrations or erratic behavior. If unusual behavior is noticed the best course of action is usually to shut down the turbine down and contact the dealer or service centre.

One area of Skystream that may experience damage are the blades, for example from flying debris during a high wind storm. For this reason Skystream Energy Europe recommends Skystream be shut down on an annual basis and an inspection of the blades performed. The inspection may be accomplished using binoculars or by close visual inspection. Inspect for cracks and chips particularly along the edges of the blades. Any damage is cause for replacing the blades. If in doubt contact your local service centre.

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 25

Page 26

In the event you must gain access to Skystream use the opportunity to

perform the following inspections:

• Remove the yaw shield, and wipe off any grease that may have

seeped from the yaw bearing.

• Check hatch cover bolts are tight, Bolts should be tightened to 7 N·m.

• Verify the yaw bearing snap ring is still properly seated in the snap

ring groove within the nacelle. (this is the snap ring located just below the yaw bearing).

• Check the tightness of the (8) yaw bolts with a torque wrench. All

yaw bolts should be torqued to 80 N·m.

• Reinstall the yaw shield and secure the fasteners.

• Check tightness of blade bolts with torque wrench. All blade bolts

should be torqued to 68 N·m.

• Clean the rotor blades with a mild soap and water. Remove as much

of the dead bug matter as possible from the blades.

• Look for any problems with the blades such as cracks, or damage to

the edges of the rotor blade.

• Inspect the face, nacelle, and the rest of the Skystream and note any

potential damage or problem.

Troubleshooting

Without the optional wireless “Skyview Interface Kit”, troubleshooting Skystream is limited to checking the Skystream connections to the utility grid. Check the connections as “close” to Skystream as possible, depending on the installation this may be at the utility panel or at a disconnect switch. The connections may also be checked at yaw terminals (see Electrical Connections Section in this manual), however, this will require removing Skystream from the tower.

Using the Skyview Interface Kit this voltage and additional troubleshooting information may be accessed without the need to remove the turbine. Contact your local dealer or Skystream Energy Europe Technical Service.

Emergency Shutdown

If Skystream’s internal microprocessor determines a serious internal fault has occurred it will execute an Emergency Stop – and E-Stop. An E-Stop will only take place if the fault is severe and requires servicing Skystreams internal components. Refer to the Key Operating Characteristics section of this manual for a complete description of the Skystreams various “shut down” modes including Emergency Stops.

Resetting an Emergency Stop requires special equipment and can only be accomplished a trained technician. If you suspect your Skystream has executed an Emergency Stop contact Skystream Technical Support.

Service

The internal components of Skystream should only be serviced by qualified technicians specifically trained to perform the service. Under no circumstances should untrained technicians attempt to perform service or repairs unless under the direct guidance of a trained technician.

Service operations that were performed during the installation of Skystream, for example bolting on the blades or bolting Skystream to the tower may be performed as necessary by the user / operator.

26 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

Warning: There is risk of electric shock from both AC and DC voltages within Skystream. Do not attempt to remove the hatchcover to access the internal components. AC power should always be disconnected, the turbine restrained from yawing, and blades secured from rotating prior to servicing or serious or fatal injury may occur.

Page 27

KEY OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS

The Skystream 3.7 operates by converting the kinetic energy of the wind into rotational motion that turns an alternator and ultimately produces usable electric power. In actuality this is a great over simplification of Skystream’s operation since it must very precisely match the frequency and voltage of the electricity supplied by the local utility company in order to power your home and its appliances. Additionally, Skystream monitors and adjusts its performance to provide safe operation and extract the maximum energy from even low speed winds.

Skystream will begin producing power in a wind of approximately 3.5 m/sec. At that speed the blades will rotate at approximately 120 rpm. Once it has started producing power, it will continue to produce power at lower speeds down to 80 rpm and less than 3 m/s. As the wind speed increases the blade speed will also increase. At about 9 m/s the blades achieves a rotational speed of 330 rpm. This is Skystream’s rated speed. Should the wind speed increase above 9 m/s the blade speed will remain essentially fixed at 330 rpm. If a condition occurs that causes the rotational speed to exceed 360 rpm, Skystream will shut down for approximately 10 minutes after which it will resume normal operation unless a fault is detected causing it to remain shut down. This is an unlikely scenario that should never occur in normal operation. It is important to set the elevation for the turbine to operate correctly. If it is not set, the turbine may experience premature shut downs.

If a wind gust exceeds 25 m/s, then the Skystream will shutdown for 1 hour. After 1 hour, the Skystream will turn back on, and resume normal charging. If the wind is still above 25 m/s, then the Skystream will shutdown for another hour.

In addition to adjusting its operation in response to wind conditions Skystream also monitors the electrical utility grid and its own internal health. Should the electric utility voltage or frequency differ from Skystream’s voltage, for example due to a power failure, Skystream will disconnect from the grid and enter a “braked mode”. While in this mode the blades are held stationary while the Skystream monitors the utility power. If Skystream determines that the power has returned to within specification, it will re-connect to the grid and resume normal operation. This is the same cycle that occurs when Skystream is initially powered.

Additionally, should Skystream determine an internal fault exists it will execute an emergency shutdown – an E-stop. An E-stop will only take place if a severe fault that requires servicing internal components has occurred. For that reason resetting an E-stop requires gaining access to the interior of Skystream. It cannot be reset from the ground.

Electronic Stall Regulation

The Skystream 3.7 has the ability to adjust the rotational speed of its blades or even stop the blades if required by ambient conditions. This referred to as Stall Control and it is accomplished by adjusting the current draw from the alternator. The higher the current draw the greater the electromagnetic torque applied to the rotor and if enough torque is applied the blades will slow or even stop. In simple terms the inverter is demanding more power than the available wind can provide thus causing the blade rotational speed to decrease.

As a safety feature the alternator is capable of producing approximately five times the torque required to control the turbine. This extra available power means that even if segments of the alternator windings are damaged there is still sufficient torque to stop the turbine.

While Skystream is connected to the utility grid it constantly monitors that all conditions, for example grid voltage and frequency, are within limits. If the inverter determines that all operating conditions are within limits, it opens three Normally Closed (NC) relays, RL1, 2 and 3, removing the short from the alternator windings and allowing the blades to spin freely.

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 27

Page 28

Only then will it operate the DPDT Grid Relay RL_G to allow the inverter to export power to the grid. Refer to the Skystream Block Diagram in Appendix A. Should the inverter sense an abnormal condition, for example high current in the alternator windings by means of the current sensors on the relay board, it will close relays RL1, 2, and 3 thereby stopping the turbine. In turn, the DPDT Relay RL_G will be operated to the position where the inverter power exporting circuitry is disconnected from the grid.

Disposal of Skystream

This symbol shown on Skystream or its packaging indicates it may not be treated as household waste. Dispose of Skystream properly by handing the entire turbine assembly over to the applicable collection point for recycling of electrical equipment.

Redundant Relay Switch Control

As a redundant measure of safety to guarantee stopping the turbine in case of a winding fault or a lost connection to the alternator, there are seven connections to the alternator windings, but only three are necessary to control or stop the turbine. And as a final measure of safety, if the inverter is unable to control the rotational speed and Skystream exceeds approximately 400 rpm, the rectified voltage will exceed the Zener (Z) voltage on the relay board, causing the latching relay (RL4) to open. This will cause the relays RL1, 2, and 3 to close and apply all the available electromechanical torque to the rotor, stopping Skystream completely. The inverter power path will also be disconnected from the grid by means of relay RL_G. This is the final level of control and is only applied when all other methods of control have failed. As such, once set, (latched) RL4 may only be reset by gaining internal access to Skystream – it cannot be reset via the Remote Display.

Warning: Power to Skystream MUST BE TURNED OFF prior to servicing

By ensuring Skystream is disposed of correctly, you will help prevent harm to the environment, which may be caused by inappropriate disposal of this product. The recycling of materials will help

conserve natural resources. For more detailed information about recycling of Skystream, please contact your local waste disposal authorities, your household waste disposal service or the store where you purchased Skystream.

Skystream was manufactured in compliance with the Restriction of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment 2002/95/EC (RoHS) and therefore does not contain any of the materials regulated by that standard.

28 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

Page 29

Frequently Asked Questions

1) What happens if I lose power from my utility company?

If there is a power outage the Skystream will shut down within one second. It will resume normal operation when power is restored. There are many safety requirements of a utility-tied inverter. The Skystream meets all of these requirements per UL 1741, IEEE 1547 and appropriate European Regulations.

2) Does the Skystream have lightning protection?

Yes, the Skystream has lightning protection. The Skystream can handle 6000 Volts as required by UL 1741, IEEE 1547 and appropriate European Regulations. If you live in a lightning prone area Skystream Energy Europe recommends an additional lightning arrestor at the base of the tower.

3) What should I do if I’m expecting a severe storm?

The Skystream is designed for very high winds, but it is always a good idea to shut Skystream down if there is going to be a severe storm to protect against any flying debris.

4) How do I shut down Skystream?

To turn off Skystream all you need to do is turn off the breaker Skystream is connected to. This will cause NO damage to the unit.

7) When should I contact an authorized service technician?

a. If there is any unusual vibration coming from Skystream. b. If you hear any noise that sounds like mechanical interference. c. If the Skystream is connected to the utility power (i.e. all breakers and dis-

connects are turned on), the wind is blowing, but the Skystream is not turning very fast.

8) Can I mount Skystream to my roof?

Roof and building mount is not recommended. Because of the size and weight of the wind generator, Skystream needs to be mounted on a PE certified tower to ensure the quietest and safest system. Roof mounting will invalidate the warranty.

5) Can I leave Skystream unattended?

Yes, the Skystream is designed to operate without any user input. If there is any fault it will shut down on its own.

6) What do I do if Skystream is facing upwind even though there is a strong wind?

If the Skystream is not tracking correctly, you should check to see if the tower is level.

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 29

Page 30

Page 31

APPENDIX A: ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM

Skystream Energy Europe GmbH

A wholly-owned subsidiary of Southwest Windpower, Inc.

Mannesmannstr. 6 50996 Cologne Germany Tel: +49 (0) 221 16 53 94 50 [email protected] www.skystreamenergy.eu

Page 32

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual

Appendix A: Electrical Diagram

1) TYPICAL GRID CONNECTION: 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 Phase, Junction Box at Tower Base_ ________________________________________________ 3

2 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

Page 33

40 A

GROUND SYSTEM

CONNECT NEUTRAL AND GND LUG ONLY IN AC MAIN PANEL AND NOT IN SUB-PANEL.

GND

20 A

92 FT.

14 AWG (2.5mm^2)

12 AWG (4mm^2)

146 FT.

USABLE AWG FOR 2% LINE-

NEUTRAL VOLTAGE DROP BETW'N

TURBINE AND MAIN SERVICE

PANEL

SPAN BETW'N

TOWER TOP

TO AC MAIN

PANEL (FOR CU WIRE), ASSUMING

230VAC (L-N) AT THE AC MAIN SERVICE

PANEL, TURBINE OUTPUT 1.8kW

232 FT.

10 AWG (6mm^2)

8 AWG (10mm^2)

371 FT.

6" MIN.

VARIATIONS MAY BE MADE IN ACCORDANCE WITH LOCAL EUROPEAN ELECTRICAL WIRING GUIDELINES

12 INCH MAX.

10 INCH MIN.

TOWER (APPROX. 35 FT. HIGH)

NACELLE

NACELLE CHASSIS ELECTRICALLY CONNECTED TO YAW, WHICH MUST BE ELECTRICALLY CONNECTED TO THE TOWER

GROUND LEVEL

24 INCH MIN.

RUN FROM JNC. BOX AT TOWER BASE TO HOME

SAFETY SWITCH 2-POLE, 30A, 240VAC, SQUARE D #DU221RB AT TOWER BASE

TOWER FOUNDATION TOP SURFACE TO BE MIN. 6" ABOVE GROUND LVL. REFER TO SWWP FOUNDATION DWG.

"SKYSTREAM" WIND TURBINE

L1 (brown)

#10-2 UFB DIRECT BURIAL CABLE W/#10 GND FROM YAW CONNECTION TO SAFETY SWITCH (230V 1-PH, 50HZ)

TOWER GROUND SYSTEM

THIS DRAWING IS FOR REFERENCE

GND (yellow +green)

N (blue)

DEDICATED

WIND

POWER SYSTEM

KILOWATT-HOUR

METER

#10-2 W/#10 GND THWN-2 CABLE FROM SAFTY SWITCH TO MAIN SERVICE PANEL LENGTH < 187 FT.

230V, 1-ph, AC MAIN SERVICE PANEL

1" DIA. SCHED. 40 RIGID PVC CONDUIT; SUNLIGHT RESISTANT; UL LISTED

other loads

WIND POWER

SYSTEM

DISCONNECT

SWITCH 2-POLE

30A, 240VAC

SQ-D #DU221RB

UTILITY

KILOWATT-HOUR

METER

230 VAC (L-N) TO SERVICE TRANSFORMER, UTILITY GRID

NOTES:

1. EQUIPMENT SHALL BE INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH LOCAL EUROPEAN ELECTRICAL WIRING REGULATIONS.

2. PROVIDE WARNING SIGN READING "WARNING-ELECTRIC SHOCK HAZARD-DO NOT TOUCH TERMINALS - TERMINALS ON BOTH THE LINE AND LOAD MAY BE ENERGIZED IN THE OFF POSITION".

3. LABEL "WIND POWER SYSTEM DEDICATED kW-HR METER".

4. LABEL SWITCH AS "WIND GENERATOR SAFETY DISCONNECT SWITCH; REMOVING AC POWER TO TURBINE ACTIVATES ITS SAFETY BRAKE".

5. OPTION IS TO USE A JUNCTION BOX AT TOWER BASE INSTEAD OF A SWITCH.

6. LABEL "REMOVING AC POWER TO TURBINE ACTIVATES ITS SAFETY BRAKE".

7. BI-DIRECTIONAL METER TO BE INSTALLED BY UTILITY (WHEN REQUIRED).

8. USE COPPER WIRES ONLY AT TURBINE TERMINALS

ALUMINUM WIRES MAY BE USED FOR HOME / UTILITY CONNECTION IF TRANSITION

WERE DONE IN A JNC. BOX. 14AWG WIRE MUST BE COPPER ONLY.

GND

CABLE EXAMPLE INDICATES #10 AWG CABLE BASED ON 45 FT FROM TOWER TO SWITCH, 187FT FROM SWITCH TO MAIN PANEL. TOTAL 232 FT. FOR LONGER SPANS SEE WIRE CHART.

588 FT.

934 FT.

6 AWG (16mm^2)

4 AWG (25mm^2)

SPD

NOTE 10.

SPD = SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICE SUCH AS A LIGHTNING CURRENT ARRESTOR. AN APPROPRIATE ARRESTOR TO SATISFY THE REQUIRED LIGHTNING PROTECTION LEVEL MUST BE INSTALLED. SEE LIGHTNING PROTECTION SECTION OF MANUAL FOR RECOMMENDATIONS

Proprietary rights are included in the information disclosed herein. This information is submitted in confidence and neither the document nor the information disclosed herein shall be reproduced or transferred to other documents for manufacturing or for any other purpose except as specifically authorized in writing by Southwest Windpower.

3-CMLT-1085 rev B+ 230V 50HZ 1PH

N.Agrawal

3-CMLT-1085

Skystream

8 Mar

'07

Flagstaff, Arizona U.S.A.

CAD-generated drawing do not manually update

scale none

size A3

CAD file :

doc. n°

sheet 1 of 1

rev. B

DATE

APPROVALS

DRAWN

CHECKED

RESP ENG

MFG ENG

QUAL ENG

DO NOT SCALE DRAWING

APPLICATION

USED ON

NEXT ASSY

REVISIONS

REV.

DESCRIPTION

DATE

APPROVED

230 V 50Hz 1Ph

W/ JCT BOX

4/13/07

ECO# 1180

ECO 1212

5/24/07

Admin Ch# 0056

12/08/08

Southwest Windpower

Fig. 1. Typical Grid Connection: 230 V, 1 Phase, Junction Box at Tower

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 3

Page 34

Page 35

APPENDIX B: TOWER GROUNDING

Skystream Energy Europe GmbH

A wholly-owned subsidiary of Southwest Windpower, Inc.

Mannesmannstr. 6 50996 Cologne Germany Tel: +49 (0) 221 16 53 94 50 [email protected] www.skystreamenergy.eu

Page 36

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual

20 ft (6 m) of 0.5 in (1.3 cm) dia. re-bar OR 4AWG (25 mm2)

or larger

bare c

opper conductor

2 inch (5 cm) min. at foundation bottom

Listed or approved clamp for connecting Copper to steel. Clamp is generally tin plated and must prevent direct contact between Cu and steel to prevent corrosion

4AWG (25 mm2) or larger copper

wire

Internal bonding to tower bolts using listed or approved clamp

External bond to tower

SOIL

CONCRETE

Flagstaff, Arizona U.S.A.

CAD-generated drawing do not manually update

DA T E

APPROVALS

Unless otherwise specified

dimensions are in mm.

tolerances are :

distances angles

X. ± .5 ± 30 '

POT

01/29/06

Original

release

REVISIONS

REV.

DESCRIPTION

DA T E

APPROVED

Concrete encased

Appendix B: Tower Grounding

Important Safety Instructions ______________________________ 3

1) INTRODUCTION _____________________________________ 4

2) GROUNDING TECHNIQUES __________________________ 4

2-1 Copper Clad Electrodes Driven Into Soil _______________ 4

2-1-1 Grounding Electrode Installation _______________ 5

2-1-2 Electric Resistance to Ground _________________ 5

2-1-3 Grounding Electrode Conductor: Material, Size,

Bonding to Electrode & Bonding to Tower ____________ 6

2-1-4 Conductor Size _____________________________ 6

2-1-5 Bonding the Grounding Electrode Conductor to

the Earth Electrode _______________________________ 6

2-1-6 Bondng the Grounding Electrode Conductor to the

Tower ___________________________________________ 6

2-1-6-1 Using a Tower Bolt/Nut Assembly ___________ 6

2-1-6-2 Using a Grounding Lut at Tower Base ________ 7

2-1-6-3 Using Exothermic Welding __________________ 7

2-2 Electrodes Encased in the Concrete of the Tower Foundation

2-3 Bolting Grounding Lug to Tower Base ________________ 8

2 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

Page 37

IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

READ THESE IN STRUCTIONS IN THEIR ENTIRETY BEFORE INSTALLING.

Professional installation

highly recommended

1) SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS. This manual contains important instructions for grounding your Skystream tower.

2) Read these instructions in their entirety before beginning.

3) Do not start installation unless all required equipment and tools are on site.

In this guide

TIP: Helpful information to ease the installation

Professional installation highly recommended

Warning: Risk of injury or death - proceed with extreme caution

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 3

Page 38

8 ft

(2.4 m)

1 ft

(0.3 m)

(16 mm2) Min Must be secured and buried for protection

One - Introduction

Even though the wind turbine is grounded at the service panel it must also be grounded at the tower base. Grounding the tower at its base may prevent electrical shocks, voltage surges and static charge build up. Proper tower grounding may also limit or minimize damage due to lightning strikes.

This document provides recommendations for grounding small wind turbine systems with rated line currents of less than 200A to achieve compliance with the 2005 USA National Electrical Code (NEC) as well as IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) standard 60364-5-54 Selection and Erection of Electrical Equipment – Earthing Arrangements, Protective Conductors and Protective Bonding Conductors.

The grounding information contained in this document is provided as a reference. Please refer to the aforementioned NEC and IEC standards for complete detailed information. Local building codes and electrical standards may differ from the information presented here and have precedence over this document.

Two - Grounding Techniques

There are several tower grounding techniques compliant with NEC and IEC standards, this document presents two of the most common approaches:

• Copper clad electrodes driven into the soil

• Electrodes encased in the concrete of the tower foundation

2-1 Copper Clad Electrodes Driven Into the Soil

The figure 1 depicts a typical tower grounded using an electrode driven into the soil.

The tower may be grounded using a copper-clad electrode(s) of appro priate diameter and length. See the section entitled “Electrode resi-

4 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

Fig. 1 Electrode driven into ground.

tance to ground” to determine the dimensions of the rod. The electrode

shall be free from non-conductive coatings such as paint or enamel. Rod and pipe electrodes shall not be less than 2.5 m in length and shall consist of the following materials:

a) Electrodes of pipe or conduit (hollow electrodes) shall not be smaller than

metric designator 21 (trade size 3/4) and, where of iron or steel, shall have the outer surface galvanized or otherwise metal-coated for corrosion protection.

b) Electrodes of rods of iron or steel shall be at least 15.87 mm in diameter.

Stainless steel rods less than 16 mm in diameter, nonferrous rods, or their equivalent shall be listed* and shall not be less than 13 mm in diameter.

Page 39

NEC section 250.52 and in accordance with the user’s local electrical code

authority.

*Be included in a list published by an organization (or marked as such) that is acceptable to the local authority having jurisdiction in the area. For example, UL/CSA listed in USA/Canada.

2-1-1 Grounding Electrode Installation

The following information is excerpted from the 2005 NEC article 250.53 (G). Refer to code for additional detailed information.

The electrode shall be installed such that at least 2.44 m of length is in contact with the soil. It shall be driven into undisturbed soil within 1 ft of the tower foundation. It shall be driven to a depth of not less than 2.44 m except that, where rock bottom is encountered, the electrode shall be driven at an oblique angle not to exceed 45 degrees from the vertical or, where rock bottom is encountered at an angle up to 45 degrees, the electrode shall be permitted to be buried in a trench that is at least 750 mm deep. The upper end of the electrode shall be flush with or below ground level unless the aboveground end and grounding electrode conductor are protected against physical damage as specified below (quoted from 2005 NEC article 250.10):

a) In installations where they are not likely to be damaged.

For calculating the resistance of the rod to ground, one must know the value of soil resistivity. This may be found in the local electrical code or building inspector’s office/municipal office or by an actual soil resistivity test.

The resistance of a rod electrode to ground may be lowered by increasing the rod diameter, increasing the buried length of the rod or by treatment of the soil to reduce its resistivity.

If the single chosen electrode does not have a resistance to ground of 10 ohm or less, it shall be augmented by additional electrodes as necessary. The overall resistance of multiple rods to ground would roughly equal the resistance of a single rod to ground divided by the number of rods. Where multiple such electrodes are installed to meet the above requirement, they shall not be less than

1.8 m apart. The multiple rods must be bonded together using the grounding electrode conductor.

b) Where enclosed in metal, wood, or equivalent protective covering.

2-1-2 Electrode Resistance to Ground

The resistance to earth of a single ground rod can be calculated using Dwight’s equation:

R = [r/(2πL)]x[ln(4L/R)-1], where r is the soil resistivity, L is the length of the rod buried inside the earth and R = radius of the rod; ln stands for the natural logarithm.

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 5

Page 40

2-1-3 Grounding Electrode Conductor: Material, Size, Bonding to Electrode and Bonding to Tower

Material (Ref. 2005 NEC articles 250.62, 250.96(A).

The grounding electrode conductor shall be of copper, aluminum, or copper-clad aluminum. The material selected shall be resistant to any corrosive condition existing at the installation or shall be suitably protected against corrosion. The conductor shall be solid or stranded, insulated, covered or bare. Any non-conductive paint, enamel, or similar coating shall be removed at threads, contact points, and contact surfaces or be connected by means of fittings designed so as to make such removal unnecessary.

Note: Many local electrical standards do not permit the use of aluminum or copper-clad aluminum conductor and strictly require the use of copper conductors.

2-1-4 Conductor Size

(Ref. 2005 NEC article 250.66(A)):

Where the grounding electrode conductor is connected to rod, pipe or plate electrodes, that portion of the conductor that is the sole connection to the grounding electrode shall be a minimum of 6AWG copper wire or 4AWG aluminum wire.

2-1-5 Bonding the Grounding Electrode Conductor to the Earth Electrode

(Ref. 2005 NEC article 250.70):

The grounding or bonding conductor shall be connected to the grounding electrode by exothermic welding, listed lugs, listed pressure connectors, listed clamps, or other listed means. Connections depending on solder shall not be used. Ground clamps shall be listed (approved) for the materials of the grounding electrode and the grounding electrode conductor and, where used on pipe, rod or other buried electrodes, shall also be listed for direct soil burial.

2-1-6 Bonding the Grounding Electrode Conductor to the Tower

The grounding conductor may be connected to the tower by any one the following means:

2-1-6-1 Using a Tower Bolt/Nut Assembly

a) Pre-assemble the extra nut (supplied in the tower bolt kit) on one of the

tower bolts containing nuts “A” or “B” as shown in fig. 2C of Skystream Foundation and Tower Installation Manual. Move the extra nut towards the bottom of the bolt so that it does not interfere with the nut to go on top of it.

b) Assemble the nut and washer on top as explained in the Installation Manual.

Generously apply a listed “joint compound” to the sandwiching surfaces of the two nuts as well as to the tower bolt in question. The joint compound must be of the type to prevent corrosion between copper and galvanized steel.

c) Take one end of the grounding conductor and loop it once around the tower

bolt containing the extra nut, between the upper and lower nut. Generously apply joint compound to the grounding conductor and cable clamp in the area of attachment. Secure the conductor with a cable clamp around the loop so that it just clears the tower nuts and keeps the loop snug around the tower bolt (see fig. 3). The cable clamp is required so that the ground wire does not slip out from between the nuts when the lower nut is tightened.

d) Ensure that surfaces of the lower and upper nuts facing each other are free

of dirt and have very clean surfaces. If necessary, wash and clean these surfaces. This is essential for a good electrical connection between the ground conductor and the tower. Tighten the lower nut towards the upper nut applying sufficient torque (68 N-m minimum) to securely clamp the grounding wire (see Fig. 3).

e) Erect the tower and level it as required by adjusted any or all of the tower

nuts. You may have to loosen the ground wire nut during this adjustment. After finished adjusting the tower level, re-tighten the lower nut to the suggested torque to make sure the ground wire is securely sandwiched and bound between the two nuts.

6 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

Page 41

DETAIL A

SCALE 1 : 1

Fig. 2 Attaching the grounding wire to the tower base.

2-1-6-2 Using a Grounding Lug at Tower Base

Bond the grounding conductor to the tower base flange through a ground terminal lug attached to the tower base as shown in figure 2. Use a 1/4-20 x 1.75 in long stainless steel bolt through a hole in the tower base and a Nyloc stainless steel nut to fasten the ground lug to the underside of the tower base. The ground lug must be UL listed and must be type to that accommodates up to 1/ 0 AWG wire minimum.

2-1-6-3 Using Exothermic Welding

Bond the grounding conductor to the tower base flange by exother welding of the conductor to the base flange. Make exothermic welds strictly in accordance with the weld manufacturer’s written recommendations.

Electrode conductor routing and placement / installation:

Ensure that the grounding conductor has no sharp bends in it. This is important to keep its inductance low. The grounding conductor may be buried or contained in a conduit as explained in 2005 NEC article 250.64.

2-2 Electrodes encased in the concrete of the tower foundation

(reference 2005 NEC article 250.52(A)(3))

A grounding electrode may also be encased in the concrete of the tower foundation. The electrode is located at the bottom of the foundation and connects to the tower mounting “J” bolts and to the tower base by means of a grounding conductor.

Because the grounding electrode will be encased in concrete it should be inspected and approved prior to pouring the foundation to avoid conflicts with local construction inspectors.

Two types of electrodes, their locations and their connection to the electrode grounding conductor are described below:

a) The Electrode must be at least 6.0 m of one or more (electrically connected

by steel tie wires) bare or zinc galvanized steel or other electrically conductive coated steel reinforcing bars or rods of not less than 13 mm in diameter, located near the bottom of the concrete foundation that is in direct contact with the earth. The electrode must be encased by at least 50 mm of concrete as shown in figure 4. The reinforcing bars, if bare, must not be rusted at the time of installation to prevent bad electrical connection between bars and with the grounding electrode conductor. The reinforcing bars must be electrically connected to the anchor bolts either using the steel tie wires or using the grounding electrode conductor. The grounding electrode conductor must not be smaller than 4AWG copper and must be electrically bonded to the bottom reinforcing bars using listed/approved means that is suitable for concrete encasement. Sufficient extra length of the conductor must be available to bring it out of the foundation top and at least 46cm above the foundation top. It should then be bonded to the tower as described in section 2-1-6 of this document.

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 7

Page 42

b) The Electrode must be least 20 ft (6.0 m) of bare copper conductor not smaller than 4AWG.

The copper conductor, which may be in the form of a coil, must lie at the bottom of the foundation with either a 2-in thick (maximum) tamped fill of earth covering the grounding coil or covered in concrete a maximum of 2 in above the soil at the bottom of the foundation. Sufficient extra length must be present in the copper conductor to bring it at least 18 inch above the foundation top where it should be bonded to the tower as described in section

1.5 of this document. On its way up, the copper conductor must also be bonded to the tower anchor bolts using a clamp listed or approved means that is suitable for concrete encasement and also suitable for connecting copper to steel. This listed clamp is generally tin plated and must be of the type to prevent direct contact between copper and steel to prevent corrosion.

2-3 Bolting Grounding Lug to Tower Base

An alternate method of attaching the electrode grounding conductor to the tower is to drill a hole thorough the base and utilize a commercially available lug as depicted in figure 2. To connect the grounding conductor to the tower base using this approach drill a 0.25 in (6 mm) hole through the tower base. After joining the grounding conductor to the listed lug according to the lug manufacturer’s instructions, bolt the lug to the tower base with a stainless steel bolt and self locking nut. The listed lug is generally tin plated and prevents corrosion between the galvanized steel tower and the copper conductor.

Tower Bolt

Cable Clamp

Ground

Electrode

Conductor

Lower Nut

8 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

Fig. 3 Tower foundation bolt.

Page 43

20 ft (6 m) of 0.5 in (1.3 cm) dia. re-bar OR 4AWG (25 mm2)

or larger

bare c

opper conductor

2 inch (5 cm) min. at foundation bottom

Listed or approved clamp for connecting Copper to steel. Clamp is generally tin plated and must prevent direct contact between Cu and steel to prevent corrosion

4AWG (25 mm2) or larger copper

wire

Internal bonding to tower bolts using listed or approved clamp

External bond to tower

SOIL

CONCRETE

Flagstaff, Arizona U.S.A.

CAD-generated drawing do not manually update

DA T E

APPROVALS

Unless otherwise specified

dimensions are in mm.

tolerances are :

distances angles

POT

01/29/06

Original

release

REVISIONS

REV.

DESCRIPTION

DA T E

APPROVED

Concrete encased

Fig. 4 Concrete encased electrode.

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 9

Page 44

Page 45

APPENDIX C: LIGHTNING PROTECTION

Skystream Energy Europe GmbH

A wholly-owned subsidiary of Southwest Windpower, Inc.

Mannesmannstr. 6 50996 Cologne Germany Tel: +49 (0) 221 16 53 94 50 [email protected] www.skystreamenergy.eu

Page 46

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual

Appendix C: Lightning Protection

Important Safety Instructions ______________________________ 3

Introduction ____________________________________________ 4

Location of Lightning Current Arrestors______________________ 4

Selecting Appropriate Lightning Protection System ____________ 4

Determine Tower Height __________________________________ 5

Determine Flash Density __________________________________ 5

Table 1: Lightning Protection Efficiency for 33 ft Tower ________ 5

Determine Topography ____________________________________ 6

Permitted Annual Number of Critical Event (Nc) _______________ 6

Lightning Protection System Efficiency ______________________ 6

Table 2: Lightning Protection Efficiency for 45 ft Tower ________ 6

Table 3: Lightning Protection Efficiency for 60 ft Tower ________ 7

Table 4: Lightning Protection Efficiency for 70 ft Tower ________ 8

Lightning Protection Level ________________________________ 8

Select Model & Number of Lightning Current Arrestor(s) _______ 9

2 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

Page 47

IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

READ THESE IN STRUCTIONS IN THEIR ENTIRETY BEFORE INSTALLING.

Professional installation

highly recommended

1) SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS. This manual contains important instructions for grounding your Skystream tower.

2) Read these instructions in their entirety before beginning.

3) Do not start installation unless all required equipment and tools are on site.

In this guide

IMPORTANT:

Please take note

Professional installation highly recommended

Warning: Risk of injury or death - proceed with extreme caution

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 3

Page 48

Introduction

The Skystream 3.7 turbine is designed to withstand over voltages and surge currents (6kV, 3kA, 8/20µs) caused by indirect lightning strikes or switching operations according to the Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems (IEEE 1547). For this protection to be effective, it is necessary to ensure that over voltages at the connection terminals will not be higher than the above values of the surge test.

To provide this over voltage protection against direct lightning strikes; a Type 1 lightning current arrestor, that reduces over voltages to a level below 6 kV but is capable of discharging very high currents, much larger than those handled by surge protective devices present inside Skystream is required. Type 1 lightning arrestors have been tested to withstand over voltages and surge currents representing a direct lightning strike, described by a 10/350µs type waveform.

Selecting the Appropriate Lightning Protection System

An appropriate Lightning Protection System is selected after determining the Lightning Protection System Efﬁciency and thus the Lightning Protection Level (Level 1 through 4). To determine these, one needs to further determine the following parameters.

The parameters include:

• The tower height

• Flash Density (Ng)

• Topography of Installation site

• Permitted Annual Number of Critical Events (Nc)

Once these parameters are deﬁned a speciﬁc Model of Lightning Current Arrestor may be determined.

Since the Skystream is intended to be installed worldwide in all kinds of environments, some more vulnerable to lightning than others, the Lightning Protection System’s (LPS) efﬁciency (E), and hence the current rating of the Type 1 Lightning Current Arrestor, may be selected to meet local requirements.

Location of the Lightning Current Arrestor(s):

For Skystream installations with metallic tubular towers where the tower and turbine installation, earthing or grounding has been performed as per the Owner’s manual, analysis has shown that the best protection is provided when the Type 1 arrestor is placed at or near the base of the tower.

4 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

IMPORTANT: More than one arrestor may be required depending upon the level of protection required.

The Lightning Protection System (LPS) “Protection Level” is based on the number of lightning “critical events” allowed per year and the lightning ﬂash density in the target area. A “critical event” is described as the failure of the lightning protection system (LPS).

If there is risk of damage to the wind turbine or associated power networks and devices due to a critical event (or injury or loss of life), then the protection system must be designed to keep the Permitted Annual Number of Critical Events, Nc, under an acceptable value. This is the acceptable number of annual lightning strikes that will cause one damage incident.

IMPORTANT: Nc is generally set by the local jurisdiction or by the owner or installer of the system and needs to meet local safety laws.

Page 49

Determine Tower Height

Table 1 - Lightning Protection Efﬁciency for 33 ft (10m) Towers

Determine your tower height and select Table 1, 2, 3 or 4 corresponding to a 33, 45, 60 or 70 ft. tower (10, 14, 18 or 21 m). Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 are utilized to calculate the Lightning Protection System Efﬁciencies corresponding to the tower height.

IMPORTANT: If the tower height falls in between the heights for which the tables are available in this manual, select the table for the next higher tower height.

Determine the Flash Density (Ng)

Determine the Annual Average Ground Flash Density (per km2), Ng, in your area. This number may be obtained from information published by National organizations, meteorological organizations and is generally available on the internet. For example, Global Atmospherics Inc. (also known as Vaisala-GAI Inc.), publishes lightning strike data. Be careful to obtain most recent data available, as there may be considerable variability in data from one year to next, especially with the present climate change.

An example website is given below: http://www.crh.noaa.gov/pub/?n=/ltg/ﬂash_density_maps_index.php

Ng may range anywhere between 1 and 70. Select the row corresponding to the Ng in your area. For non-integer values, the next higher integral number must be chosen.

Warning: Be careful to obtain most recent data available, as there may be considerable variability in data from one year to next, especially with the present climate change.

Isolated Flat Land Hill or Knoll Non-Isolated Flat Land

Ng E = Lightning protection

system efﬁciency

Nc =

1/100

0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.01 0.001 0.0001

-1.353 0.765 0.976 -0.176 0.882 0.988 -3.705 0.529 0.953

-0.176 0.882 0.988 0.412 0.941 0.994 -1.353 0.765 0.976

0.216 0.922 0.992 0.608 0.961 0.966 -0.568 0.843 0.984

0.412 0.941 0.994 0.706 0.971 0.997 -0.176 0.882 0.988

0.529 0.953 0.995 0.765 0.976 0.998 0.059 0.906 0.991

0.608 0.961 0.996 0.804 0.980 0.998 0.216 0.922 0.992

0.664 0.966 0.997 0.832 0.983 0.998 0.328 0.933 0.993

0.706 0.971 0.997 0.853 0.985 0.999 0.412 0.941 0.994

0.739 0.974 0.997 0.869 0.987 0.999 0.477 0.948 0.995

0.765 0.976 0.998 0.882 0.988 0.999 0.529 0.953 0.995

0.786 0.979 0.998 0.893 0.989 0.999 0.572 0.957 0.996

0.804 0.980 0.998 0.902 0.990 0.999 0.608 0.961 0.996

0.819 0.982 0.998 0.910 0.991 0.999 0.638 0.964 0.216

0.832 0.983 0.998 0.916 0.992 0.999 0.664 0.966 0.997

0.843 0.984 0.998 0.922 0.992 0.999 0.686 0.969 0.997

0.853 0.985 0.999 0.926 0.993 0.999 0.706 0.971 0.997

0.862 0.986 0.999 0.931 0.993 0.999 0.723 0.972 0.997

0.869 0.987 0.999 0.935 0.993 0.999 0.739 0.974 0.997

0.876 0.988 0.999 0.938 0.994 0.999 0.752 0.975 0.998

0.882 0.988 0.999 0.941 0.994 0.999 0.765 0.976 0.998

0.922 0.992 0.999 0.961 0.996 1.000 0.843 0.984 0.998

0.941 0.994 0.999 0.971 0.997 1.000 0.882 0.988 0.999

0.953 0.995 1.000 0.976 0.998 1.000 0.906 0.991 0.999

0.961 0.996 1.000 0.980 0.998 1.000 0.922 0.992 0.999

0.966 0.967 1.000 0.983 0.998 1.000 0.933 0.993 0.999

Nc =

1/1000

Nc =

1/10000

E = Lightning protection

system efﬁciency

Nc =

1/100

Nc =

1/1000

1/10000

Nc =

E = Lightning protection

system efﬁciency

Nc =

1/100

Nc =

1/1000

Nc =

1/10000

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 5

Page 50

Determine the Topography

Table 2 - Lightning Protection Efﬁciency for 45 ft (14m) Towers

Inspect the topography of the area in which the turbine is installed and select the one category that best describes the topography:

• Isolated Flat Land: No structures present within a circle of radius three htimes the height of the turbine (with the turbine at the centre of the circle)

• Knoll / Hill

• Un-isolated Flat Land: Smaller structures present within a circle of radius

three times the height of turbine (with turbine at centre of the circle)

Permitted Annual Number of Critical Events (Nc)

Determine Nc. Three “Annual Number of Critical Event” options are provided in the tables. The least protective option is 1 /100 (1 in 100); the most protective is 1/10000 (1 in 10,000).

Warning: If there is risk of injury or danger to human life, then maximum allowed Nc is generally 1 in 100,000 or less, depending on laws of various states or countries.

As Skystream installations on relatively short towers (like 33 ft - 70 ft / 10m

- 21m) do not signiﬁcantly increase risk of injury or danger to human life, the Efﬁciency (E) is calculated with higher values of Nc (for example, 1/1000 is larger than 1/100,000).

However, Nc must be chosen to comply with local electrical safety laws. Some authorities may require Nc = 1/100,000 for better protection. The result of choosing such a low Nc would mean that a lightning protection system with Level 1 protection will need to be installed.

Isolated Flat Land Hill or Knoll Non-Isolated Flat Land

-0.427 0.875 0.986 0.287 0.929 0.993 -1.853 0.715 0.971

efﬁciency efﬁciency efﬁciency

Nc =

1/100

0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.01 0.001 0.0001

0.287 0.929 0.993 0.643 0.964 0.996 -0.427 0.857 0.986

0.524 0.952 0.995 0.762 0.976 0.998 0.049 0.905 0.990

0.643 0.964 0.996 0.822 0.982 0.998 0.287 0.929 0.993

0.715 0.971 0.997 0.857 0.986 0.999 0.429 0.943 0.994

0.762 0.976 0.998 0.881 0.988 0.999 0.524 0.952 0.995

0.796 0.980 0.998 0.898 0.990 0.999 0.592 0.959 0.996

0.822 0.982 0.998 0.911 0.991 0.999 0.643 0.964 0.996

0.841 0.984 0.998 0.921 0.992 0.999 0.683 0.968 0.997

0.857 0.986 0.999 0.929 0.993 0.999 0.715 0.971 0.997

0.870 0.987 0.999 0.935 0.994 0.999 0.741 0.974 0.997

0.881 0.988 0.999 0.941 0.994 0.999 0.762 0.976 0.998

0.890 0.989 0.999 0.945 0.995 0.999 0.781 0.978 0.998

0.898 0.990 0.999 0.949 0.995 0.999 0.796 0.980 0.998

0.905 0.990 0.999 0.952 0.995 1.000 0.810 0.981 0.998

0.911 0.991 0.999 0.955 0.996 1.000 0.822 0.982 0.998

0.916 0.992 0.999 0.958 0.996 1.000 0.832 0.983 0.998

0.921 0.992 0.999 0.960 0.996 1.000 0.841 0.984 0.998

0.925 0.992 0.999 0.962 0.996 1.000 0.752 0.985 0.998

0.929 0.993 0.999 0.964 0.996 1.000 0.857 0.986 0.999

0.952 0.995 1.000 0.976 0.998 1.000 0.905 0.990 0.999

0.964 0.996 1.000 0.982 0.998 1.000 0.929 0.993 0.999

0.971 0.997 1.000 0.986 0.999 1.000 0.943 0.994 0.999

0.976 0.998 1.000 0.988 0.999 1.000 0.952 0.995 1.000

0.980 0.998 1.000 0.990 0.999 1.000 0.959 0.996 1.000

Nc =

1/1000

Nc =

1/10000

Nc =

1/100

Nc =

1/1000

Nc =

1/10000

Nc =

1/100

1/1000

Nc =

1/10000

6 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

Page 51

Table 3 - Lightning Protection Efﬁciency for 60 ft (18m) Towers

The Lightning Protection System Efﬁciency (E)

Isolated Flat Land Hill or Knoll Non-Isolated Flat Land

1/100

0.143 0.914 0.991 0.572 0.957 0.996 -0.714 0.829 0.983

0.714 0.971 0.997 0.857 0.986 0.999 0.429 0.943 0.994

0.786 0.979 0.998 0.893 0.989 0.999 0.572 0.957 0.996

0.829 0.983 0.998 0.914 0.991 0.999 0.657 0.966 0.997

0.857 0.986 0.999 0.929 0.993 0.999 0.714 0.971 0.997

0.893 0.989 0.999 0.946 0.995 0.999 0.786 0.979 0.998

0.905 0.990 0.999 0.952 0.995 1.000 0.810 0.981 0.998

0.914 0.991 0.999 0.957 0.996 1.000 0.829 0.983 0.998

0.922 0.992 0.999 0.961 0.996 1.000 0.844 0.984 0.998

0.929 0.993 0.999 0.964 0.996 1.000 0.857 0.986 0.999

0.934 0.993 0.999 0.967 0.997 1.000 0.868 0.987 0.999

0.939 0.994 0.999 0.969 0.997 1.000 0.878 0.988 0.999

0.943 0.994 0.999 0.971 0.997 1.000 0.886 0.989 0.999

0.946 0.995 0.999 0.973 0.997 1.000 0.893 0.989 0.999

0.950 0.995 0.999 0.975 0.997 1.000 0.899 0.990 0.999

0.952 0.995 1.000 0.976 0.998 1.000 0.905 0.990 0.999

0.955 0.995 1.000 0.977 0.998 1.000 0.910 0.991 0.999

0.957 0.996 1.000 0.979 0.998 1.000 0.914 0.991 0.999

0.983 0.998 1.000 0.991 0.999 1.000 0.966 0.997 1.000

0.986 0.999 1.000 0.993 0.999 1.000 0.971 0.997 1.000

0.988 0.999 1.000 0.994 0.999 1.000 0.976 0.998 1.000

efﬁciency efﬁciency efﬁciency

Nc =

0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.01 0.001 0.0001

0.572 0.957 0.996 0.786 0.979 0.998 0.143 0.914 0.991

0.878 0.988 0.999 0.939 0.994 0.999 0.755 0.976 0.998

0.971 0.997 1.000 0.986 0.999 1.000 0.943 0.994 0.999

0.979 0.998 1.000 0.989 0.999 1.000 0.957 0.996 1.000

Nc =

1/1000

Nc =

1/10000

Nc =

1/100

Nc =

1/1000

Nc =

1/10000

Nc =

1/100

1/1000

Nc =

1/10000

Using the appropriate Efﬁciency Table for the tower height, select the subcolumn corresponding to the installation topography – Isolated Flat Land, Hill or Knoll, or Non-isolated Flat Land.

The data cell at the intersection of Flash Density value (Ng) row and the Permitted Number of Critical Events (Nc) column will indicate The Lightning System Efﬁciency “E”. If E is negative, no lightning protection is required.

IMPORTANT: If “E” is negative, no lightning protection is required.

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 7

Page 52

Table 4 - Lightning Protection Efﬁciency for 70 ft (21m) Towers

Isolated Flat Land Hill or Knoll Non-Isolated Flat Land

1/100

efﬁciency efﬁciency efﬁciency

Nc =

0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.01 0.001 0.0001

0.352 0.935 0.994 0.676 0.968 0.997 -0.296 0.870 0.987

0.676 0.968 0.997 0.838 0.984 0.998 0.352 0.935 0.994

0.784 0.978 0.998 0.892 0.989 0.999 0.568 0.957 0.996

0.838 0.984 0.998 0.919 0.992 0.999 0.676 0.968 0.997

0.870 0.987 0.999 0.935 0.994 0.999 0.741 0.974 0.997

0.892 0.989 0.999 0.946 0.995 0.999 0.784 0.978 0.998

0.907 0.991 0.999 0.954 0.995 1.000 0.815 0.981 0.998

0.919 0.992 0.999 0.960 0.996 1.000 0.838 0.984 0.998

0.928 0.993 0.999 0.964 0.996 1.000 0.856 0.986 0.999

0.935 0.994 0.999 0.968 0.997 1.000 0.870 0.987 0.999

0.941 0.994 0.999 0.971 0.997 1.000 0.882 0.988 0.999

0.946 0.995 0.999 0.973 0.997 1.000 0.892 0.989 0.999

0.950 0.995 1.000 0.975 0.998 1.000 0.900 0.990 0.999

0.954 0.995 1.000 0.977 0.998 1.000 0.907 0.991 0.999

0.957 0.996 1.000 0.978 0.998 1.000 0.914 0.991 0.999

0.960 0.996 1.000 0.980 0.998 1.000 0.919 0.992 0.999

0.962 0.996 1.000 0.981 0.998 1.000 0.924 0.992 0.999

0.964 0.996 1.000 0.982 0.998 1.000 0.928 0.993 0.999

0.966 0.997 1.000 0.983 0.998 1.000 0.932 0.993 0.999

0.968 0.997 1.000 0.984 0.998 1.000 0.935 0.994 0.999

0.978 0.998 1.000 0.989 0.999 1.000 0.957 0.996 1.000

0.984 0.998 1.000 0.992 0.999 1.000 0.968 0.997 1.000

0.987 0.999 1.000 0.994 0.999 1.000 0.974 0.997 1.000

0.989 0.999 1.000 0.995 0.999 1.000 0.978 0.998 1.000

0.991 0.999 1.000 0.995 1.000 1.000 0.981 0.998 1.000

Nc =

1/1000

Nc =

1/10000

Nc =

1/100

Nc =

1/1000

Nc =

1/10000

Nc =

1/100

1/1000

Nc =

1/10000

The Lightning Protection Level

Refer to Table 5, the “Lightning Protection Level” and using the Efﬁciency (E) determine the Lightning Protection Level (LPL) and corresponding peak lightning current discharge capability.

Lightning Protection Level 1 provides highest level of protection and Lightning Protection Level 4, the lowest level of protection.

Table 5 - Lightning Protection Level

Efﬁciency Lightning Protection Level

E > 0.980 Lightning Protection Level 1

with additional measures

0.95 < E < = 0.98 Lightning Protection Level 1

0.90 < E < = 0.95 Lightning Protection Level 2

0.80 < E < = 0.90 Lightning Protection Level 3

0 < E < = 0.80 Lightning Protection Level 4

8 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

Page 53

Select Model and Number of Lightning Current Arrestor(s)

Select the appropriate model and quantity of the Type 1 lightning current arrestor(s) required from Table 6. The selection method is described below:

The lightning arrestor peak current rating is the peak current carrying capability of each pole or contact of the arrestor. It is generally assumed that the total current the surge arrestor will end up carrying (cumulatively, in all its phases), is about 50% of the total lightning discharge current. Say, if there is 100kA of peak discharge current due to lightning, 50kA will ﬂow through ground, and the other 50kA will be divided between L1, L2 and N, thus requiring the surge arrestor to be rated for ~16kA per phase.

This concept of lightning current division is described in Reference (3) listed at

Lightning and surge protection is intended to be placed between each phase (hot line) conductor and ground, and possibly between ground and neutral, if the distance between the neutral and ground bond is signiﬁcant. Therefore the voltage rating of the SPD is to be based on phase (hot line) to neutral values (since neutral and ground are connected at the main service panel, and hence normally at the same potential).

Following table shows example lightning current arrestor recommendations (single pole versions with spark-gap technology).

Note: Lightning Current Arrestors from DEHN Inc. have been cited here, however, comparable arrestors from other companies may be utilized.

the end of the lightning protection description.

Table 6 - Type 1 Lightning Current Arrestor Recommendations: One Pole Versions (spark-gap technology)

Efﬁciency Lightning

Protection Level

(LPL)

E > 0.980 LPL with added

measures

0.95 < E < = 0.98 LPL 1 200kA DB M 1 150, one each

0.90 < E < = 0.95 LPL 2 150kA DB M 1 150, one each between

0.80 < E < = 0.90 LPL 3 100kA DB M 1 150, one each

0 < E < = 0.80 LPL 4 100kA DB M 1 150, one each

Notes: Above speciﬁed arrestors are manufactured by DEHN Inc. Part number & price for above models are:

DEHNblock Maxi 150 (DB M 1 150), part#, 961 110, limp = 35kA, list price $268.00 as of May 2008 DEHNblock Maxi 255 (DB M 1 255), part#, 961 120, limp = 50kA, list price $336.00 as of May 2008

The arrestors shown above are manufactured by DEHN Inc. and may be obtained in the USA by ordering from:

DEHN Inc., 106 SW Peacock Blvd. # 207 Port St. Lucie, FL 34986 Tel: (772) 340-7006; Fax: (772) 343-0703

Peak Lightning

Current Discharge/

Sinking Capability

200kA DEHNbloc Maxi 150 (DB M 1 150),

120/240V split 1-ph and

120/208V system

(L1, L2, N, G)

AT LEAST one each L1-G, L2-G, N-G

between L1-G, L2-G, N-G

L1-G, L2-G (N-G optional)

between L1-G, L2-G

References:

1) IEC 61400-24, IEC 61400-2.

2) DEHN Lightning Protection Guide

3) Characteristics of Direct Strike Lightning Events and Risk Assessment,

Dr. –Ing Peter Hasse, Managing Director, DEHN, PEG 2001 Meeting, Las Vegas, March 27-29, 2001.

4) National Electric Code, 2005 Handbook, National Fire Protection Association (USA).

230V, 1-ph system

(L, N, G)

DB M 1 255, AT LEAST one

each between L-G, N-G

DB M 1 255, one each

between L-G, N-G

DB M 1 255, one each

between L-G, N-G

DB M 1 255, one between

L-G (N-G optional)

DB M 1 255, one between

L-G (N-G optional)

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 9

Page 54

Page 55

APPENDIX D: CERTIFICATION/COMPLIANCE

Skystream Energy Europe GmbH

A wholly-owned subsidiary of Southwest Windpower, Inc.

Mannesmannstr. 6 50996 Cologne Germany Tel: +49 (0) 221 16 53 94 50 [email protected] www.skystreamenergy.eu

Page 56

Certificate Number

20090219E300731

Page 1 of 2

Report Reference

E300731, Issued: 2006-10-17

Issue Date

2009 February 19

Issued to:

Southwest Windpower Inc

1801 W Rte 66

Flagstaff, AZ 86001

United States

This is to certify that

representative samples of

Component inverter for use with Skystream wind turbine, Utility Interactive Ready

Have been investigated by Underwriters Laboratories in accordance with

Standard(s) for Safety:

UL 1741, Standard for Safety for Inverters, Converters, Controllers and

Interconnection System Equipment for Use With Distributed Energy Resources, 1st

Ed.; IEEE 1547-2003; CAN/CSA-C22.2 No.107.1-01, 3rd Ed.

Additional Information:

See Addendum

Look for the UL Recognized Component Mark on the product

Issued by:

Chris Storbeck

Reviewed by:

Tim Zgonena

Chris Storbeck, Sr. Project Engineer Tim Zgonena, Primary Designated Engineer

Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Underwriters Laborator ies Inc.

Any information and documentation involving UL Mark services are provided on behalf of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) or any auth orized licensee of UL.

For questions in The United States of America you may call 1-877-UL- HELPS.

Only those products bearing the UL Recognized Component Marks for the U.S. and Canada should be considered as being covered by UL's

Recognition and Follow-Up Service and meeting the appropriate U.S. and Canadian requirements.

The UL Recognized Component Mark for the U.S. generally consists of the manufacturer’s identification and catalog number, model number or other product

designation as specified under “Marking” for the particular Recognition as published in the appropriate UL Directory. As a supplementary means of identifying

products that have been produced under UL’s Component Recognition Program, UL’s Recognized Component Mark:

, may be used in conjunction with the

required Recognized Marks. The Recognized Component Mark is required when specified in the UL Directory preceding the recognitions or under “Markings” for

the individual recognitions. The UL Recognized Component Mark for Canada consists of the UL Recognized Mark for Canada:

and the manufacturer’s

identification and catalog number, model number or other product designation as specified under “Marking” for the particular Recognition as published in the

appropriate UL Directory.

1. UL Certificate of Compliance (US & Canada) page 1

2 Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B

Page 57

2. UL Certificate of Compliance (US & Canada) page 2

Certificate Number

20090219E300731

Page 2 of 2

Report Reference

E300731, Issued: 2006-10-17

Issue Date

2009 February 19

Addendum - Skystream Inverter

Inverter Output configuration: 120/240V, L-N-L,

Operating voltage range Vac: 212-264; or

Output Configuration: 120/208V, L-N-L,

Operating voltage range Vac: 183-229;

Normal output frequency Hz: 60.0;

Operating frequency range Hz: 59.3-60.5;

Rated output current Aac: 10.0;

Rated continuous output power kW@25 °C: 2.3;

Rated continuous output power kW@50°C: 1.5;

Max. peak output kW: 2.4;

Surge Category B

Alternate Firmware Combinations approved since Jan. 28, 2008:

Inverter Master Application Code: Inverter Slave Application Code:

Revision: Rev 1.11.10 Revision: Rev 1.03

Revision: Rev 2.00.0 Revision: Rev 1.03

Revision: Rev 2.02.0 Revision: Rev 1.03

Representative samples of the SkyStream Inverter as specified on this certificate were evaluated and

tested according to all current UL 1741 requirements. All Testing was performed on representative

samples of the Wind Turbine system including tests to certify the Nacelle as a suitable enclosure. Unit

has been tested and meets all requirements for Utility Interactive operation in accordance with:

- UL 1741, Standard for Safety for Inverters, Converters, Controllers and Interconnection System

Equipment for Use With Distributed Energy Resources, 1st Ed., Revised: November 7, 2005

- IEEE 1547-2003 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems;

-IEEE 1547.1-2005 Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed

Resources with Electric Power Systems, dated: June 2003

- CAN/CSA-C22.2 No.107.1-01, 3rd Ed., General Use Power Supplies, dated: September 2001

Issued by:

Chris Storbeck

Reviewed by:

Tim Zgonena

Chris Storbeck, Sr. Project Engineer Tim Zgonena, Primary Designated Engineer

Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Underwriters Laboratori es Inc.

Any information and documentation involving UL Mark services are provided on behalf of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) or any auth orized licensee of UL.

For questions in The United States of America you may call 1-877-UL- HELPS.

Skystream 3.7® Owner’s Manual, EU Edition, Rev B 3

Page 58