Kendro Laboratory Products
Asheville, North Carolina
U.S.A.
PN 04505-32
Issued January 2005
Table of ContentsSORVALL® Centrifuges
!
This manual is a guide to the use of the
SORVALL® Cellwasher 2 Cell Washing System
Data herein has been verified and is believed adequate for the intended use of the Cellwasher 2.
Because failure to follow the recommendations set forth in this manual could produce personal
injury or property damage, always follow the recommendations set forth herein. Kendro does not
guarantee results and assumes no obligation for the performance of centrifuges or other products
that are not used in accordance with the instructions provided. This publication is not a license to
operate under, nor a recommendation to infringe upon, any process patents.
The SORVALL Cellwasher 2 is intended to be used in strict accordance with The American
Association of Blood Banks' guidelines defined in the most recent edition of the AABB Technical
Manual (published by AABB Press. Bethesda, MD).
Publications prior to the Issue Date of this manual may contain data in apparent conflict with that
provided herein. Please consider all data in this manual to be the most current.
WARNING, CAUTION
important and critical instructions.
WARNING
personal injury, affect the operator’s health, or contaminate the environment.
informs the operator of a hazard or an unsafe practice that could result in
informs the operator of an unsafe practice that could result in damage of
WARNING
, and
NOTE
are accompanied by a hazard symbol
within the text of this manual are used to emphasize
and appear in the left
ii
Cellwasher 2Table of Contents
!
!
Important Safety Information
Important Safety Information
Certain potentially dangerous conditions are inherent to the use of all centrifuges. To ensure
safe operation of this centrifuge, anyone using it should be aware of all safe practices and take
all precautions described below and throughout this manual.
WARNING
When using radioactive, toxic, or pathogenic materials, be aware of all characteristics of the
materials and the hazards associated with them in the event leakage occurs during cell washing. If
leakage does occur, neither the Cellwasher 2 nor the rotor can protect you from particles dispersed
in the air. To protect yourself, we recommend additional precautions be taken to prevent exposure
to these materials, e.g., use of controlled ventilation or isolation areas.
Always be aware of the possibility of contamination when using radioactive, toxic, or pathogenic
materials. Take all necessary precautions and use appropriate decontamination procedures if
exposure occurs.
Never use any material capable of producing flammable or explosive vapors, or creating extreme
exothermic reactions.
Use only tubes that meet the criteria provided in this manual (see Tube Selection and Use, Chapter
3). Results may be affected if tubes are not within specifications. If tubes are of inadequate strength
so that tube breakage occurs, sample and test results will be lost, the rotor and distributor could be
damaged, and during required cleanup, contact with sharp glass fragments could result in personal
injury.
CAUTION
Do not operate Cellwasher 2 without a rotor properly installed on the drive shaft. See Rotor and
Distributor Installation, Chapter 2.
Do not operate the Cellwasher 2 with a rotor out of balance. To do so can cause damage to the
Cellwasher 2 drive assembly. See Rotor Loading and Balancing, Chapter 2.
We recommend using Coomb's control cells to confirm all negative results.
The Cellwasher 2 can be damaged if connected to the wrong voltage. Check the voltage before
plugging the instrument into a power source. Kendro is not responsible for incorrect installation.
Always maintain the Cellwasher 2 in the recommended manner. See Chapter 4, Maintenance.
This manual contains information required to operate and maintain the SORVALL® Cellwasher 2 Cell
Washing System. If you require additional information regarding operation or maintenance, please contact
Kendro for assistance. In the United States, call Kendro toll-free 1-800-522-7746; outside the United
States, contact the nearest Kendro office (see back cover) or your local representative for SORVALL
products. SORVALL
or http://www.kendro.de.
®
product information is available on our internet web site at http://www.kendro.com
Cellwasher 2 Description
The Cellwasher 2 is designed to perform the washing phase of the
Coomb's Procedure automatically. In normal AUTO mode operation, after placing two or three drops of a pre-prepared 2 to 5% red
blood cell/saline suspension* into each tube, the Cellwasher 2 will
automatically add saline, spin at high speed to concentrate the cells,
decant the saline, and agitate to resuspend the washed cells for the
addition of Coomb's reagent. The Cellwasher 2 is also capable of
being used manually as a low speed centrifuge, spinning at either of
two preset speed ranges (LOW speed or HIGH speed mode, see
Cellwasher 2 Specifications on next page).
®
The Cellwasher 2 combines a peristaltic saline pump and a wet
chamber centrifuge in one cabinet. The centrifuge portion uses a
dedicated DA-12 Rotor, which is a unique dual-angle swingingbucket rotor that is designed to accommodate up to 12 each of
either 3 ml or 5 ml tubes. The Cellwasher 2 is microprocessorcontrolled, featuring a front control panel with sensor-touch keys
and a digital timer for the wash cycle. Other features include a
saline-detect system with an audible low-saline warning, and an
agitate cycle that ensures complete resuspension of cells and
eliminates manual agitation.
Applications Infor mation
The Cellwasher 2 is intended to be used in routine blood work to
speed up and simplify the procedures for determining human blood
groups and types. Often, the results of blood tests made using the
Cellwasher 2 determine donor/patient compatibility for blood transfusions, and the results of these tests must be accurate to prevent
serious transfusion reactions. If testing procedures provided by the
reagent manufacturers are not followed exactly, or if test materials
are outdated, accurate test results cannot be guaranteed.
* The Cellwasher 2 is not designed to automatically separate donor whole blood to create
the necessary 2 to 5% red blood cell/saline suspension. The Cellwasher 2 may, however,
be used as a centrifuge to manually separate red blood cells from whole blood.
1-1
DescriptionSORVALL® Centrifuges
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!
False Coomb's readings can be caused by any of the following:
•Improper ratio of patient serum and cells.
•Incomplete washing of cells.
•Contaminated saline or supply tubing.
•Improper decanting of saline solutions.
•Inactive Coomb's serum.
•Failure to add Coomb's serum to a tube.
•Improper final centrifugation.
•Inaccurate reading or recording of results.
W A R N I N G
We recommend using
Coomb's control cells to confirm all
negative results.
W A R N I N G
The SORVALL Cellwasher 2
is intended to be used in strict accordance with The American Association
of Blood Banks' guidelines defined in
the most recent edition of the AABB
Technical Manual (published by AABB
Press. Bethesda, MD).
While the Cellwasher 2 provides accurate washing, decanting, and a
proper speed for the final spin, it does not eliminate all potential
errors. Proper laboratory procedures require adequate controls of all
tests performed with this instrument (read the WARNINGS). Refer to
Tables 4-5, 4-6, and 4-7 for applications troubleshooting information. When using the Cellwasher 2, always follow standard laboratory procedures in handling and disposing of blood serum, and
observe safety precautions and good laboratory practices.
Tubes must be able to withstand up to 1365 g (948 g in 50 Hz
operation) when run at a 45° angle
with tube walls point-loaded and otherwise unsupported. Using tubes of inadequate strength could result in tube
breakage: sample and test results will
be lost, the rotor and distributor could
be damaged, and cleanup will be required. During cleanup, be aware that
glass fragments are sharp, and contact could result in personal injury.
* At the start of a Manual run, the timer function is delayed for several seconds before
beginning, so that timing occurs only when the rotor is spinning; the timer is inactive
during the initial aggitation step that occurs before the spin starts.
** The maximum noise output with the instrument running at HIGH speed, measured 3 feet
from the front panel at an approximated operator's height.
*** Electrical requirements are indicated on the rating plate on the back of the instrument.
**** A set of Adapter Clips (Catalog No. 04330, 12/pkg., supplied) is required when using
3 ml, 10 mm diameter tubes in the DA-12 Rotor.
1-3
InstallationSORVALL® Centrifuges
Accessories
The accessories listed in Table 1-1 are supplied with all Cellwasher 2
models.
Table 1-1. Accessories Supplied
Catalog
NumberDescription
43260Distributor Assembly – for 12 mm x 75 mm and
10 mm x 75 mm tubes
12977Tubing Kit containing:
1-255 mm (10 inch) long frosted Pump Tubing
1-1650 mm (65 inch) long, large diameter (5/16 inch i.d.,
7/16 inch o.d.) clear Tygon
1-Overflow Tubing 150 mm (6 inch) long
1-Discharge Tubing 200 mm (8 inch) long
1-Drain Tubing (cut desired length from remainder;
1220 mm [48 inch] supplied on new product)
1-2900 mm (114 inch) long, small diameter (1/4 inch i.d.,
3/8 inch o.d.) clear Tygon
1-Flow Tubing 305 mm (12 inch) long
1-Vent Tubing 150 mm (6 inch) long
1-Supply Tubing (cut desired length from remainder;
610 mm [24 inch] supplied on new product)
1-Pump Connector
2-Y-Connectors
2-Adjustable Tubing Clamps
2-Nylon Cable Ties
Installation Instructions
®
Tubing from which to cut:
®
Tubing from which to cut:
1-4
12925Flow Control Valve
04285DA-12 Rotor (includes a set of 12 Adapter Clips for use
with 3 ml 10 mm x 75 mm tubes, Catalog No. 04330)
12796Rotating Bowl Assembly
SORVALL
®
5 ml, 12 mm x 75 mm Pyrex® tubes (Catalog Number
03102, 50/box), and SORVALL® 3 ml, 10 mm x 75 mm Pyrex® tubes
(Catalog Number 03100, 50/box) are not supplied, but are recommended for use in the Cellwasher 2.
Cellwasher 2Installation
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Chapter 2: INSTALLATION
This chapter contains the information needed to unpack and install the SORVALL® Cellwasher 2.
Unpacking
As soon as you receive your Cellwasher 2, carefully inspect it for
any shipping damage that may have occurred. If you find any
damage, please report it immediately to the transportation company
and file a damage claim, then notify Kendro. Check all packages
received against the shipping list and, after unpacking, check the
accessories received against Table 1-1 on page 1-4; if any items are
missing, contact Kendro (see back cover).
C A U T I O N
Cooling air is drawn into the
Cellwasher 2 from all four sides of
the base. Be sure that the entrances
are not obstructed.
W A R N I N G
During operation, never
lean on or move the instrument, keep
the defined clearance area clear of
all objects (including all hazardous
and flammable materials), and do not
work within the clearance area.
Location
Place the Cellwasher 2 on a sturdy, level bench or table near a sink,
drain, or waste container that can receive the decanted saline. The
following factors should be considered when selecting a location:
•Allow a 150 mm (6 inch) clearance area behind the instrument
for tubing and a waste container. For safe operation, maintain a
50 mm (2 inch) "clearance envelope" on all sides.
Personnel should know that the Cellwasher 2 routinely deals
with significant energy levels and could move suddenly in the
unlikely event of a rotor failure. Laboratory management procedures should require that no person or any hazardous materials
are within the clearance envelope while the Cellwasher 2 is
operating. During operation, personnel should be instructed not
to lean on or move the Cellwasher 2, not to stay within the
clearance envelope longer than necessary for operational reasons, and not to deposit potentially hazardous materials within
the clearance envelope.
•Allow a 610 mm (24 inch) clearance above the tabletop or
bench surface for lid to open.
•Drainage in the Cellwasher 2 is accomplished by gravity, so
the discharge tubing must extend downward from the instrument to drain, sink, or waste receptacle.
•The preferred location for the saline supply is either at or
above instrument level.
•To obtain best results, minimize tubing length from the
saline supply to the Cellwasher 2 and from the Cellwasher 2
to the drain, sink, or waste receptacle.
2-1
InstallationSORVALL® Centrifuges
!
Environmental Conditions
An ambient temperature range of 10°C to 38°C (50°F to 100°F)
should be maintained for Cellwasher 2 operation. The relative humidity can be up to 90%, non-condensing.
The Cellwasher 2 is intended for use in 1) a Pollution Degree 2
Environment, 2) an installation category II supply circuit, and 3) at a
maximum altitude of 2000 meters. The Cellwasher 2 is a Class A
product and is not intended for home use. If used in a domestic
environment, it may cause radio interference, in which case the user
may be required to take adequate measures.
Electrical Requirements
W A R N I N G
The receptacle used should
be a grounded 3-wire system. If it is
not, the equipment must be grounded
to reduce the possibility of electrical
shock.
The Cellwasher 2 has a 3-wire (2-pole and earth) power cord with a
universal keyed plug that inserts into a receptacle at the back of the
instrument. The other end must be connected to the appropriate
power supply as specified below and on the rating plate on the back
of the instrument.
120V ±10%, 60 Hz, 5A; 100V ±10%, 60 Hz, 5A;
100V ±10%, 50 Hz, 5A; or 230V ±10%, 50 Hz, 2.5A
Cellwasher 2 120V and 100V power cords use a NEMA 5-15P
three-prong molded plug with a ground pin and parallel blades that
will fit Hubbell receptacle No. 5261 for 120 volts. 230V power cords
are CE-rated, and are supplied with a 3-pin plug that fits a 16A CEE17 single-phase receptacle (2-pole and earth).
The ON/OFF main power switch has a 3-Amp fuse; however, for
emergency disconnect purposes, we recommend a separate means of
power interruption in a remote location.
Tubing Installation
NOTE
The Cellwasher 2 comes with the tubing already connected to the
instrument, but not installed in the peristaltic pump (do not open
the tubing replacement kit, save it for future use). To complete
the tubing installation, unwrap the bundle of tubing at the back of
the instrument and, referring to figure 2-1 and table 2-1, install
the tubing according to the procedure that follows.
2-2
The overflow tubing serves as an emergency liquid exit
to protect instrument components in the event of tube
breakage or drain blockage. To ensure that potentially
biohazardous liquid does not exit into the work surface,
route overflow tubing to a 250 ml (or larger) open waste
container.
Cellwasher 2Installation
4
5
FLOW
CONTROL
10
VALVE
SALINE
2
6
1
3
9
PUMP HOUSING
THUMBSCREW
9
108
7
WASTE
Figure 2-1. Cellwasher 2 Tubing Diagram
Table 2-1. Parts Location: Tubing Diagram
(keyed to figure 2-1)
ItemDescription
1*Overflow Tubing (from overflow tray), 150 mm (6 inch)
2Vent Tubing, 150 mm (6 inch)
3Pump Tubing, 255 mm (10 inch), frosted
4Flow Tubing (to nozzle), 305 mm (12 inch)
5Discharge Tubing (from collector ring), 200 mm (8 inch)
6Supply Tubing, 610 mm (24 inch),
7Drain Tubing 1220 mm (48 inch),
8Pump Connector
9Y-Connector
10Adjustable Tubing Clamp
* In the event of saline residual in the rotor chamber (for example, from overfill of tubes or
tube breakage) saline will exit through this tube. Under normal operating conditions, saline
will exit through the drain tubing not through the overflow tube.
2-3
InstallationSORVALL® Centrifuges
!
1. Unscrew the four knurled thumbscrews from the peristaltic pump,
and remove the front half of the pump housing (do not remove
the pump roller assembly).
2. Turn the roller assembly so that one of the rollers is in the 11
o'clock position.
3. Position the 255 mm (10 inch) frosted pump tubing (with pump
connector) in front of the pump so that the connector is positioned just above the left side of the pump, then without turning
the roller assembly, route the pump tubing around the rollers.
4. Pull up on the two ends of the pump tubing to fit the tubing
between the pump housing and the lower roller.
W A R N I N G
Saline solution from some
manufacturers contain sodium azide
as a preservative. If this solution is
discharged directly down the drain,
explosive azide salts may form as
the sodium azide reacts with the
plumbing. Check with your saline supplier before discharging saline from
the Cellwasher 2 into a drain.
NOTE
Do not try to fit the pump tubing with a sharp object, this
could puncture the tubing.
5. With the pump tubing properly positioned in the back half of the
pump housing, reinstall the front half of the housing. Gently
stretch the ends of the pump tubing to eliminate slack while
fitting the front half of the housing in place.
6. Visually check to make sure that the front half of the housing is
properly aligned and fully seated against the back half (a gap
indicates that the pump tubing is pinched; if so, remove the front
half of the housing and repeat steps 3 through 6).
7. Install the four thumbscrews and hand-tighten.
8. Check the pump tubing installation by turning the roller assembly shaft counterclockwise using pliers (the rollers should rotate
smoothly without pinching tubing).
9. If the 610 mm (24 inch) supply tubing is too long, cut it to an
appropriate length, then slide the flow control valve (catalog
number 12925, supplied) onto the supply tubing, and connect the
end of the supply tubing to a saline supply reservoir.
NOTE
The preferred location for the saline supply is either at or
above instrument level. If, at some later time, the saline
reservoir is moved from its original location, recheck the
saline volume by priming the system as directed in
Chapter 3, Operation, Priming the System.
10. Make sure the drain tubing flows downward to an open sink,
drain, or waste receptacle because drainage is accomplished by
gravity. Use the shortest length of drain tubing possible (if the
1220 mm (48 inch) tubing is too long, cut it to an appropriate
length) and make sure the drain tubing is positioned so there is
no upward travel to result in a "trap" for collected waste fluid.
2-4
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