Diagonal 8.923mm (Type 1/1.8) Progressive Scan CCD Image Sensor with Square Pixel for Color Cameras
Description
The ICX274AQF is a diagonal 8.923mm (Type 1/1.8)
interline CCD solid-state image sensor with a square
pixel array and 2.01M effective pixels. Progressive
scan allows all pixels' signals to be output
independently within approximately 1/15 second,
and output is also possible using various addition
and pulse elimination methods. This chip features an
electronic shutter with variable charge-storage time
which makes it possible to realize full-frame still
images without a mechanical shutter. High resolution
and high color reproductivity are achieved through
the use of R, G, B primary color mosaic filters as the
color filters. Further, high sensitivity and low dark
current are achieved through the adoption of Super
HAD CCD technology.
This chip is suitable for applications such as
electronic still cameras, PC input cameras, etc.
Features
• High horizontal and vertical resolution
• Supports the following modes
Progressive scan mode (with/without mechanical shutter)
2/8-line readout mode
2/4-line readout mode
2-line addition mode
Center scan modes (1), (2) and (3)
AF modes (1) and (2)
Wfine CCD is trademark of Sony corporation.
Represents a CCD adopting progressive scan, primary color filter and square pixel.
Sony reserves the right to change products and specifications without prior notice. This information does not convey any license by
any implication or otherwise under any patents or other right. Application circuits shown, if any, are typical examples illustrating the
operation of the devices. Sony cannot assume responsibility for any problems arising out of the use of these circuits.
– 1 –
E02262
Block Diagram and Pin Configuration
(Top View)
OUT
V
GND
Vφ1Vφ2CVφ2BVφ2AVφ3CVφ3BVφ3AVφ
10987654321
ICX274AQF
4
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
GRGR
Note)
Note) : Photo sensor
L
V
2A
Hφ1AHφ
φSUB
G
R
G
R
G
R
G
SUB
C
G
R
G
R
G
R
Vertical register
G
11121314151617181920
φRG
2BHφ1B
Hφ
DD
V
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
Horizontal register
GND
Pin Description
Pin No.SymbolDescriptionPin No.SymbolDescription
1
Vφ4
2
Vφ3A
Vertical register transfer clock
Vertical register transfer clock
11
12
VDDφRG
Supply voltage
Reset gate clock
3
Vφ3B
4
Vφ3C
5
Vφ2A
6
Vφ2B
7
Vφ2C
8
Vφ1
9
GND
10
1
∗
DC bias is generated within the CCD, so that this pin should be grounded externally through a capacitance of
VOUT
Vertical register transfer clock
Vertical register transfer clock
Vertical register transfer clock
Vertical register transfer clock
Vertical register transfer clock
Vertical register transfer clock
GND
Signal output
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Hφ2B
Hφ1B
GND
φSUB
CSUB
VL
Hφ1A
Hφ2A
Horizontal register transfer clock
Horizontal register transfer clock
GND
Substrate clock
1
Substrate bias
∗
Protective transistor bias
Horizontal register transfer clock
Horizontal register transfer clock
Vφ1, Vφ2α, Vφ3α, Vφ4 – GND (α = A to C)
Hφ1β, Hφ2β – GND (β = A, B)
Vφ2α, Vφ3α – VL (α = A to C)
Against VL
Vφ1, Vφ4, Hφ1β, Hφ2β, GND – VL (β = A, B)
Voltage difference between vertical clock input pins
Between input
clock pins
Hφ1β – Hφ2β (β = A, B)
Hφ1β, Hφ2β – Vφ4 (β = A, B)
Storage temperature
Guaranteed temperature of performance
Operating temperature
RatingsUnitRemarks
–40 to +12
–50 to +15
–50 to +0.3
–40 to +0.3
–25 to
–0.3 to +22
–10 to +18
–10 to +6.5
–0.3 to +28
–0.3 to +15
to +15
–6.5 to +6.5
–10 to +16
–30 to +80
–10 to +60
–10 to +75
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
°C
°C
°C
2
∗
2
∗
+24V (Max.) is guaranteed when clock width < 10µs, clock duty factor < 0.1%.
+16V (Max.) is guaranteed during power-on or power-off.
– 3 –
Bias Conditions
ICX274AQF
Item
Supply voltage
Protective transistor bias
Substrate voltage
adjustment range
No line addition
2-line addition
∗
Substrate voltage adjustment accuracy
Reset gate clock
1
∗
Progressive scan mode, 2/8-line readout mode, 2/4-line readout mode, center scan modes (1) and (3),
Symbol
VDD
VL
1
∗
VSUB
2
VSUB2
∆VSUB
φRG
Min.
14.55
Internally generated value
8.8
Indicated
voltage – 0.2
15.0
3
∗
Indicated
voltage
5
∗
15.45
14.4
Indicated
voltage + 0.2
Unit
V
V
V
V
and AF modes (1) and (2)
2
∗
2-line addition mode and center scan mode (2)
3
∗
VL setting is the VVL voltage of the vertical clock waveform, or the same voltage as the VL power supply
for the V driver should be used.
4
∗
Substrate voltage (VSUB2) setting value indication
The substrate voltage (VSUB) for modes without line addition is generated internally.
The substrate voltage setting value for use with vertical 2-line addition is indicated by a code on the
bottom surface of the image sensor. Adjust the substrate voltage to the indicated voltage.
VSUB2 code – 1-digit indication
↑
VSUB2 code
RemarksTyp.Max.
4
∗
The code and the actual value correspond as follows.
Vertical transfer clock ground resistor
Horizontal transfer clock series resistor
Horizontal transfer clock ground resistor
Reset gate clock and series resistor
R2 (A, B, C), 3 (A, B, C)
RGND
RφH
RφH2
RφRG
62
15
7
20
4.7
Ω
Ω
Ω
kΩ
Ω
Note 1) Expressions using parentheses such as CφV2 (A,B), 3C indicate items which include all combinations of
the pins within the parentheses.
For example, CφV2 (A, B), 3C indicates [CφV2A3C, CφV2B3C].
– 6 –
Vφ
Cφ
4
Cφ
V2α4 (α = A to C)
R
4
Cφ
V4
Cφ
V3α4 (α = A to C)
Cφ
V13α (α = A to C)
V14
Cφ
V1
Vφ
Vφ
1
R
1
R
Cφ
R
3α (α = A to C)
3α (α = A to C)
Cφ
V12α (α = A to C)
GND
Cφ
Cφ
V2α3α (α = A to C)
V3α (α = A to C)
R
2α (α = A to C)
V2α (α = A to C)
Vφ
2α (α = A to C)
ICX274AQF
Rφ
H
Hφ
Rφ
H
Hφ
Rφ
H2
H2
Hφ
Hφ
Rφ
H
1A
Rφ
H
1B
Cφ
H1
Cφ
HH
Cφ
Horizontal transfer clock equivalent circuit
Rφ
RGφ
RG
2A
2B
Note 2) Cφ2α2β and Cφ3α3β (α = A to C, β = A to C other than α) are
sufficiently small relative to other capacitance between
other vertical clocks in the equivalent circuit, so these
are omitted from the equivalent circuit diagram.
Cφ
RG
Reset gate clock equivalent circuitVertical transfer clock equivalent circuit
Cross-point voltage for the Hφ1β rising side of the horizontal transfer clocks Hφ1β and Hφ2β waveforms is VCR.
The overlap period for twh and twl of horizontal transfer clocks Hφ1β and Hφ2β is two. (β = A, B)
(4) Reset gate clock waveform
RG waveform
V
RGLH
V
RGLL
V
RGLm
trtwh
Vφ
RG
tf
V
RGH
twl
Point A
V
RGL
VRGLH is the maximum value and VRGLL is the minimum value of the coupling waveform during the period from
Point A in the above diagram until the rising edge of RG.
In addition, VRGL is the average value of VRGLH and VRGLL.
VRGL = (VRGLH + VRGLL)/2
Assuming VRGH is the minimum value during the interval twh, then:
VφRG = VRGH – VRGL
Negative overshoot level during the falling edge of RG is VRGLm.
Note) Blacked out portions in the diagram indicate pixels which are not read out.
Output starts from line 1 in 2/8-line decimation mode.
G
R
G
R
G
R
G
R
G
R
G
R
G
R
G
R
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
G
1. Progressive scan mode
In this mode, all pixel signals are output in non-interlace format in 1/14.985s.
All pixel signals within the same exposure period are read out simultaneously, making this mode suitable
for high resolution image capturing.
2. 2/8-line readout mode
All effective area signals are output in approximately 1/30s by reading out the signals for only two out of
eight lines (1st and 6th lines, 9th and 14th lines).
This readout mode emphasizes processing speed over vertical resolution, making it suitable for AE/AF and
other control and for checking images on LCD viewfinders.
3. 2/4-line readout mode
All effective area signals are output in approximately 1/20s by reading out the signals for only two out of
four lines (3rd and 4th lines, 7th and 8th lines, and so on).
– 14 –
ICX274AQF
Center scan mode (2)2-line addition modeCenter scan mode (1)
Note) Blacked out portions in the diagram indicate pixels which are not read out.
After reading out the pixels indicated by and transferring two lines, the pixels indicated by
are read out and two pixels of the same color are added by the vertical transfer block.
G
R
G
R
G
R
G
R
G
R
G
R
G
R
G
R
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
G
4. 2-line addition mode
In this mode, the signals for only two out of four lines (3rd and 4th lines, 7th and 8th lines, and so on) are
read out, the vertical register is shifted by 2 bits, and then the signals of the remaining two out of the four
lines (1st and 2nd lines, 5th and 6th lines, and so on) are read out and added within the vertical register. All
effective area signals are output in approximately 1/20s.
5. Center scan mode (1)
In this mode, the signals for only two out of four lines (3rd and 4th lines, 7th and 8th lines, and so on) are
read out. The undesired por tions are swept by vertical register high-speed transfer, and the vertical
1136-pixel region in the center of the picture is output by the above readout method. The number of
output lines is 568 lines at 36MHz, and 434 lines at 28.6364MHz. The frame rate is increased
(approximately 30 frames/s) by setting the number of output lines to that of VGA mode, making this
mode suitable for VGA moving pictures. (However, the angle of view decreases.)
6. Center scan mode (2)
In this mode, the signals for only two out of four lines (3rd and 4th lines, 7th and 8th lines, and so on) are
read out, the vertical register is shifted by 2 bits, and then the signals of the remaining two out of the four
lines (1st and 2nd lines, 5th and 6th lines, and so on) are read out and added within the vertical register.
The undesired portions are swept by vertical register high-speed transfer, and the vertical 1136-pixel region
in the center of the picture is output by the above readout method. The number of output lines is 568 lines
at 36MHz, and 434 lines at 28.6364MHz. The frame rate is increased (approximately 30 frames/s) by
setting the number of output lines to that of VGA mode, making this mode suitable for VGA moving pictures.
(However, the angle of view decreases.)
Note) Blacked out portions in the diagram indicate pixels which are not read out.
G
R
G
R
G
R
G
R
G
R
G
R
G
R
G
R
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
G
B
G
7. Center scan mode (3)
This is the center scan mode using the progressive scan method.
The undesired portions are swept by vertical register high-speed transfer, and the picture center is cut out.
The number of output lines is 580 lines at 36MHz, and 444 lines at 28.6364MHz.
8. AF mode (1)
In this mode, the undesired portions are swept by vertical register high-speed transfer, and the vertical
940-pixel region in the center of the picture is output in approximately 1/60s by reading out the signals for
only two out of eight lines (1st and 6th lines, 9th and 14th lines). The number of output lines is 235 lines at
36MHz, and 170 lines at 28.6364MHz. This mode aims for even faster AF control than 2/8-line readout
mode.
9. AF mode (2)
In this mode, the undesired portions are swept by vertical register high-speed transfer, and the vertical
300-pixel region in the center of the picture is output in approximately 1/120s by reading out the signals for
only two out of eight lines (1st and 6th lines, 9th and 14th lines). The number of output lines is 75 lines at
36MHz, and 43 lines at 28.6364MHz. This mode aims for even faster AF control than 2/8-line readout
mode.
– 16 –
ICX274AQF
Center scan and AF modes
Undesired portions (Swept by vertical register high-speed transfer)
Picture center cut-out portion
Description of Center Scan and AF Mode Operation
The center scan and AF modes realize high frame rates by sweeping the top and bottom of the picture with
high-speed transfer and cutting out the center of the picture.
The various readout modes during center scan and AF operation are described below.
• AF modes
AF mode (1), (2): The output method is the same as readout in 2/8-line readout mode.
• Center scan modes
Center scan mode (1): The output method is the same as 2/4-line readout mode.
Center scan mode (2): The output method consists of 2-line addition readout whereby the signals for only
two out of four lines (3rd and 4th lines, 7th and 8th lines, and so on) are read out,
the vertical register is shifted by 2 bits, and then the signals of the remaining two
out of the four lines (1st and 2nd lines, 5th and 6th lines, and so on) are read out
and added within the vertical register.
Center scan mode (3): The output method is the same as progressive scan mode.
The readout method, frame rate, number of output lines and other information for each readout mode are
shown in the table below.
(1) In the following measurements, the device drive conditions are at the typical values of the bias and clock
voltage conditions, and the progressive scan readout mode is used.
(2) In the following measurements, spot blemishes are excluded and, unless otherwise specified, the optical
black level (OB) is used as the reference for the signal output, which is taken as the value of the Gr/Gb
signal output or the R/B signal output of the measurement system.
Definition of standard imaging conditions
(1) Standard imaging condition I:
Use a pattern box (luminance: 706cd/m2, color temperature of 3200K halogen source) as a subject.
(Pattern for evaluation is not applicable.) Use a testing standard lens with CM500S (t = 1.0mm) as an IR
cut filter and image at F5.6. The luminous intensity to the sensor receiving surface at this point is defined
as the standard sensitivity testing luminous intensity.
(2) Standard imaging condition II:
Image a light source (color temperature of 3200K) with a uniformity of brightness within 2% at all angles.
Use a testing standard lens with CM500S (t = 1.0mm) as an IR cut filter. The luminous intensity is adjusted
to the value indicated in each testing item by the lens diaphragm.
1. Sensitivity
Set to the standard imaging condition I. After setting the electronic shutter mode with a shutter speed of
1/100s, measure the signal voltages (VGr, VGb) at the center of each Gr and Gb channel screen, and
substitute the values into the following formulas.
VG = (VGr + VGb)/2
Sg = VG× [mV]
100
30
2. Saturation signal
Set to the standard imaging condition II. After adjusting the luminous intensity to 20 times the intensity with
the average value of the G channel signal output, 150mV, measure the minimum values of the G, R and B
signal outputs.
3. Smear
Set to standard imaging condition II. With the lens diaphragm at F5.6 to F8, first adjust the average value
of the Gr signal output to 150mV. Measure the average values of the Gr signal output, Gb signal output, R
signal output and B signal output (Gra, Gba, Ra, Ba), and then adjust the luminous intensity to 500 times
the intensity with the average value of the Gr signal output, 150mV. After the readout clock is stopped and
the charge drain is executed by the electronic shutter at the respective H b lankings, measure the maximum
value (Vsm [mV]) independent of the Gr, Gb, R and B signal outputs, and substitute the values into the
following f ormula.
Smear in modes other than progressive scan mode is calculated from the storage time and signal
addition method. As a result, 2-line addition mode and center scan modes (2) and (3) are the same as
progressive scan mode, 2/4-line readout mode and center scan mode (1) are two times progressive scan
mode, and 2/8-line readout mode and AF modes (1) and (2) are four times progressive scan mode.
4. Video signal shading
Set to the standard imaging condition II. With the lens diaphragm at F5.6 to F8, adjusting the luminous
intensity so that the average value of the G channel signal output is 150mV. Then measure the maximu m
value (Gmax [mV]) and minimum value (Gmin [mV]) of the G signal output and substitute the values into
the following formula.
SH = (Gmax – Gmin)/150 × 100 [%]
5. Uniformity between video signal channels
After measuring 4, measure the maximum (Rmax [mV]) and minimum (Rmin [mV]) values of the R signal
and the maximum (Bmax [mV]) and minimum (Bmin [mV]) values of the B signal, and substitute the values
into the following formulas.
6. Dark signal
Measure the average value of the signal output (Vdt [mV]) with the device ambient temperature of 60°C
and the device in the light-obstructed state, using the horizontal idle transfer level as a reference.
7. Dark signal shading
After measuring 6, measure the maximum (Vdmax [mV]) and minimum (Vdmin [mV]) values of the dark
signal output and substitute the values into the following formula.
∆Vdt = Vdmax – Vdmin [mV]
8. Line crawl
Set to the standard imaging condition II. Adjusting the luminous intensity so that the value of the Gr signal
output is 150mV, and then inser t R, G and B filters and measure the difference between G signal lines
(∆Glr, ∆Glg, ∆Glb [mV]) as well as the value of the G signal output (Gar, Gag, Gab). Substitute the values
into the following formula.
∆Gli
Lci = × 100 [%] (i = r, g, b)
Gai
9. Lag
Adjust the Y signal output generated by the strobe light to 150mV. After setting the strobe light so that it
strobes with the following timing, measure the residual signal amount (Vlag). Substitute the value into the
following f ormula.
Lag = (Vlag/150) × 100 [%]
VD
Strobe light timing
Output
Light
Y signal output 150mV
– 19 –
Vlag (lag)
ICX274AQF
100k
0.1
–7.5V
CCD
OUT
2SC4250
1
4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
4.7k
2C
2B
2A
3C
3B
3A
OUT
Vφ
Vφ
Vφ
Vφ
Vφ
Vφ
Vφ
Vφ
V
GND
3.3/20V
ICX274
(BOTTOM VIEW)
VSUB
0.01
2-line addition mode
Center scan mode (2)
Modes other than the above
(Internally generated value)
GND
SUB2VSUB
V
DCIN
1M
V
DD
φRG
Hφ
2B
Hφ
1B
GND
φSUB
C
SUB
V
L
Hφ
1A
Hφ
2A
20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
2200p
0.1
3.3/16V
15V
20
1
0.1
3.3V
19
2
18
3
XV3
17
4
0.1
15
16
CXD3400N
6
5
XV2
XSG3C
0.1
14
7
12
13
9
8
XSG2C
11
10
0.1
20
1
1/35V
19
2
XSUB
18
3
XV3
16
17
5
4
XSG3B
XSG3A
0.1
0.1
14
15
CXD3400N
7
6
XV2
XSG2B
12
13
9
8
XV4
XSG2A
11
10
XV1
Hφ1AHφ2AHφ1BHφ
0.1
Substrate bias adjustment input voltage
(VSUB in the circuit diagram above)
2B
Substrate bias
φSUB pin voltage
φRG
Drive Circuit
– 20 –
Switch the substrate bias adjustment input voltage to
DCIN before adjusting the substrate bias in 2-line