Sony axp33, ax33, axp35, Frd-ax30 User Manual

Digital 4K Video Camera Recorder

FDR-AX30/AX33/AXP33/AXP35

How to Use

Before use

Model Information

Model Information [1]

Parts and controls

Parts and controls (front/top) [2]
Parts and controls (LCD monitor) [3]
Parts and controls (side) [4]
Parts and controls (back/bottom) [5]

Screen indicators

Screen indicators [6]

Movie recording format

Recording formats available with this product and their features [7]

Getting started

Checking the supplied items

Supplied items [8]

Power source preparations

Attaching the battery pack [9]
Charging the battery pack using the AC Adaptor [10]
Charging the battery pack using your computer [11]
Turning the power on [12]
Using this product supplying power from a wall outlet (wall socket) [13]

Initial setup

Setting the language, date and time [14]
Adjusting the angle of the LCD monitor for easier viewing [15]
Adjusting the angle of the viewfinder for easier viewing (models with the viewfinder) [16]
Displaying items on the LCD monitor [17]

Preparing a memory card

Inserting a memory card [18]
Types of memory card you can use with this product [19]

Recording

Recording movies/photos

Recording movies [20]
Shooting photos [21]

Changing the brightness manually for recording

Controlling the image settings manually with the MANUAL ring [22]
Assigning frequently-used functions to the MANUAL button or MANUAL ring [23]

Useful functions for recording

Zooming [24]
Capturing photos during movie recording (Dual Capture) [25]
Recording in mirror mode [26]

Intelligent Auto [27]
Decreasing the voice volume of the person recording the movie (My Voice Canceling)

[28]
Recording the selected subject clearly (Lock-on AF) [29]

Playback

Playing images using Event View

Playing movies and photos from the Event View screen [30]
Screen display on the Event View screen [31]

Creating a highlight movie

About Highlight Movie Maker [32]
Creating a highlight movie (MP4 format) with Highlight Movie Maker [33]
Adding a highlight point during recording [34]
Playing highlight movies [35]

Playing MP4 movies (HD movie) (switching the movie format)

Playing MP4 movies (HD movie) (switching the movie format) [36]

Editing images from the playback screen

Notes on editing [37]
Deleting the selected images [38]
Deleting by date [39]
Dividing a movie [40]
Capturing a photo from a movie (models with the internal memory or models with the USB

IN/OUT jacks) [41]
Viewing trajectory of a moving object (Motion Shot Video) [42]

Using the built-in projector

Notes on using the projector (models with the projector) [43]
Using the built-in projector (models with the projector) [44]

Using the projector for your computer or smartphone (models with the projector) [45]

Playing images on a 4K TV

Viewing images on a 4K TV [46]
Enlarging a part of an XAVC S 4K movie on the screen during playback on TV (Trimming

Playback) [47]

Playing images on a high definition TV

Connecting this product to a high definition TV [48]
Enjoying 5.1ch surround sound [49]
Using BRAVIA Sync [50]
On Photo TV HD [51]
On the HDMI cable [52]
Enlarging a part of an XAVC S 4K movie on the screen during playback on TV (Trimming

Playback) [53]

Playing images on a non-high-definition TV

Connecting this product to a non-high-definition TV [54]

Saving images with an external device

How to save movies

Saving movies [55]

Using the PlayMemories Home software

Using the PlayMemories Home software [56]
Checking the computer system [57]
Installing the PlayMemories Home software in your computer [58]
Disconnecting this product from the computer [59]
About the dedicated software for this product [60]
Creating a Blu-ray disc [61]

Saving images on an external media device

Connecting a smartphone

Notes on use of the external media [62]
Saving images on an external media device [63]
Saving the desired images in this product to the external media device [64]
Playing back images in the external media device on this product [65]
Deleting images in the external media device [66]

Creating a disc with a recorder

Creating a disc with a recorder [67]

Using the Wi-Fi function

What you can do with the Wi-Fi function

What you can do with the Wi-Fi function [68]

Controlling via a smartphone

Using your smartphone or tablet as a wireless remote commander [69]
Using your smartphone or tablet as a wireless remote commander using the NFC function

(NFC one-touch remote) [70]

Transferring images to a smartphone

Transferring movies (MP4) and photos to your smartphone or tablet [71]
Transferring movies (MP4) and photos to your smartphone or tablet using the NFC

function (NFC one-touch sharing) [72]

Transferring images to a computer

Send to Computer [73]

Transferring images to a TV

Playing images on a TV (View on TV) [74]

Connecting to an Android smartphone or tablet [75]
Connecting to an iPhone or iPad [76]
Connecting to an NFC-enabled smartphone or tablet [77]

Installing PlayMemories Mobile

About the PlayMemories Mobile software [78]

Live Streaming

About Live Streaming [79]
Preparing Live Streaming [80]
Performing Live Streaming [81]
Restrictions for Live Streaming [82]

Controlling other cameras through this product

Shooting with this product and other cameras with Multi Camera Control [83]
Connecting this product to one camera with Multi Camera Control (Single Connection)

[84]
Connecting this product to more than one camera with Multi Camera Control (Multi

Connection) [85]
Editing images recorded with several cameras [86]

Menu operations

Using menu items

Setting up menu items [87]
How to use the keyboard [88]

Shooting Mode

Movie [89]
Photo [90]
Smth Slw REC [91]

Golf Shot [92]

High Speed REC [93]

Red Eye Reduction (Only when connecting an external flash) [122]

Camera/Mic

White Balance [94]
Spot Meter/Fcs [95]
Spot Meter [96]
Spot Focus [97]
Exposure [98]
Focus [99]
IRIS [100]
Shutter Speed [101]
AGC Limit [102]
AE Shift [103]
White Balance Shift [104]
Low Lux [105]
Scene Selection [106]
Picture Effect [107]
Cinematone [108]
Fader [109]
Self-Timer [110]
SteadyShot (Movie) [111]
SteadyShot (Photo) [112]
Digital Zoom [113]
Auto Back Light [114]
Manual Ring Setting [115]
NIGHTSHOT Light [116]
Face Detection [117]
Smile Shutter [118]
Smile Sensitivity [119]
Flash (Only when connecting an external flash) [120]
Flash Level (Only when connecting an external flash) [121]

My Voice Canceling [123]
Blt-in Zoom Mic [124]
Auto Wind NR [125]
Audio Mode [126]
Audio Rec Level [127]
My Button [128]
Focus Magnifier [129]
Grid Line [130]
Display Setting [131]
Zebra [132]
Peaking [133]
Audio Level Display [134]

Image Quality/Size

REC Mode [135]
Frame Rate [136]
Dual Video REC [137]
File Format [138]
Image Size [139]

Wireless

Ctrl with Smartphone [140]
Multi Camera Control [141]
Live Streaming [142]
Send to Smartphone [143]
Send to Computer [144]
View on TV [145]
Airplane Mode [146]
Multi Camera Ctrl Set [147]
Vid REC during strm. [148]
WPS Push [149]
Access point settings [150]

Edit Device Name [151]

Disp MAC Address [152]
SSID/PW Reset [153]
Network Info Reset [154]

Playback Function

Event View [155]

Edit/Copy

Delete [156]
Protect [157]
Copy [158]
Direct Copy [159]

Setup

Media Select (Models with the internal memory) [160]
Media Info [161]
Format [162]
Empty (Models with the internal memory) [163]
Repair Img. DB F. [164]
File Number [165]
Data Code [166]
Volume [167]
Motion Interval ADJ [168]
Download Music (Models with the USB IN/OUT jacks) [169]
Empty Music (Models with the USB IN/OUT jacks) [170]
TV Type [171]
HDMI Resolution [172]
CTRL FOR HDMI [173]
USB Connect [174]
USB Connect Setting [175]
USB LUN Setting [176]

Beep [177]

Monitor Brightness [178]
Auto Keystone ADJ (Models with the projector) [179]
REC Lamp [180]
Power ON w/monitor (FDR-AX30) [181]
Language Setting [182]
24p Mode (1080 50i-compatible device) [183]
Cancel 24p Mode (1080 50i-compatible device) [184]
Calibration [185]
Battery Info [186]
Power Save [187]
Initialize [188]
Demo Mode [189]
Version [190]
Date & Time Setting [191]
Area Setting [192]

Charging time/recording time of movies/number of recordable
photos

Check the charging time

Charging time [193]

Expected recording and playback times for individual batteries

Expected recording time with each battery pack [194]
Expected playback time with each battery pack [195]

Expected movie recording time and number of recordable photos for the
internal memory

Notes on recording movies [196]
Expected recording time of movies (models with the internal memory) [197]
Expected number of recordable photos (models with the internal memory) [198]

Expected movie recording time and number of recordable photos for
memory cards

Notes on recording movies [199]
Expected recording time of movies [200]
Expected number of recordable photos [201]

Bit-rate for each recording mode

Bit-rate and recording pixels [202]

Pixels recorded at each image size of photos

Recording pixels and aspect ratio [203]

Additional information

Precautions

About the AVCHD format [204]
About the memory card [205]
About the InfoLITHIUM battery pack [206]

Handling of this product

On use and care [207]
On connecting to a computer or accessory etc. [208]
Notes on optional accessories [209]
On moisture condensation [210]
Notes on disposal/transfer the ownership of this product (models equipped with the

internal memory) [211]
Note on disposal/transfer of the memory card [212]

Maintenance

On handling the LCD monitor [213]
To clean the casing and the projector lens surface (models with the projector) [214]

About care and storage of the lens [215]

Using this product abroad

Using this product abroad [216]

Trademarks

On trademarks [217]

License

Notes on the License [218]

Zoom magnifications

Zoom magnifications [219]

Using this product after a long time

Using this product after a long time [220]

Troubleshooting

Troubleshooting

If you have problems

If you have problems [221]

Overall operations

The power does not turn on. [222]
This product does not operate even when the power is set to on. [223]
The menu settings have been changed automatically. [224]
This product gets warm. [225]

A rattling noise is heard when this product is shaken. [226]

Intelligent Auto is canceled. [227]

Batteries/power sources

The power abruptly turns off. [228]
The POWER/CHG (charge) lamp does not light while the battery pack is being charged.

[229]
The POWER/CHG (charge) lamp flashes while the battery pack is being charged. [230]
The remaining battery power is not displayed correctly. [231]
The battery pack is quickly discharged. [232]

Monitor

Menu items are grayed out. [233]
The buttons do not appear on the LCD monitor. [234]
The buttons on the touch panel do not work correctly or do not work at all. [235]
The buttons on the LCD monitor quickly disappear. [236]
There are dots in the shape of a grid on the monitor. [237]
The backlight of the LCD monitor turns off if you do not attempt to operate this product for

a while. [238]

Viewfinder

The image in the viewfinder is not clear (models with the viewfinder). [239]
The image in the viewfinder is no-longer displayed (models with the viewfinder). [240]

Memory card

Operations using the memory card cannot be performed. [241]
Images stored on the memory card cannot be deleted. [242]
The data file name is not indicated correctly or flashes. [243]
Images cannot be played back or the memory card is not recognized. [244]

Recording

Pressing START/STOP or PHOTO does not record images. [245]

Photos cannot be recorded. [246]

The access lamp remains lit or flashing even if recording has stopped. [247]
The imaging field looks different. [248]
The actual recording time for movies is less than the expected recording time of the

recording media. [249]
This product stops recording. [250]
There is a slight time lag between the moment when START/STOP is pressed and the

actual movie recording starts or stops. [251]
The auto focus does not function. [252]
SteadyShot does not function. [253]
Images cannot be recorded or played back correctly. [254]
The subjects passing across this product very fast appear crooked. [255]
Horizontal stripes appear on the images. [256]
[Monitor Brightness] cannot be set. [257]
Sound is not recorded correctly. [258]
Photos are recorded automatically. [259]

Playback

Images cannot be played back. [260]
Photos cannot be played back. [261]
The movie freezes. [262]
An icon appears on a thumbnail. [263]
No sound or only a quiet sound is heard during playback. [264]
Left and right sound is heard unbalanced when playing back movies on computers or

other devices. [265]

Wi-Fi

The wireless access point you want to connect to does not appear. [266]
[WPS Push] does not work. [267]
[Ctrl with Smartphone], [Send to Smartphone], [Send to Computer] or [View on TV]

terminates prematurely. [268]
Cannot transfer movies to your smartphone. [269]
The shooting screen does not display smoothly. The connection is cut off. [270]

The shooting screen during Multi Camera Control does not display smoothly. The

connection is cut off. [271]
The NFC connection does not work. [272]

Editing movies/photos on this product

Unable to edit. [273]
A movie cannot be divided. [274]
The demonstration movies cannot be deleted. (models with the internal memory) [275]

Playback on a TV

Neither image nor sound is played on the connected TV. [276]
The top, bottom, right, and left edges of images are trimmed slightly on a connected TV.

[277]
The image appears distorted on the 4:3 TV. [278]
Black bands appear at the top and bottom of the LCD monitor of the 4:3 TV. [279]

Copying/Connecting to other devices

Images are not copied correctly. [280]

Connecting to a computer

PlayMemories Home cannot be installed. [281]
PlayMemories Home does not work correctly. [282]
This product is not recognized by the computer. [283]

Self-diagnosis display/Warning indicators

Self-diagnosis display/Warning indicators

Self-diagnosis display [284]

Error messages during Live Streaming

Error messages during Live Streaming [285]

Warning messages

Warning messages

Warning Indicators [286]

[1] How to Use Before use Model Information

Model Information

In this Help Guide, the differences in the specifications for each model are described
together.
If you find the description like “Models with ... ” as below, confirm in this chapter whether the
description applies to this product.

(models with the internal memory)
(1080 60i-compatible device)
(1080 50i-compatible device)

To confirm the model name of this product

See the bottom of this product.

A: Model name (FDR-AX30/AX33/AXP33/AXP35)

Differences in functions

Models with the internal memory: FDR-AX30/AXP35
Models with the projector: FDR-AXP33/AXP35
Models with the Viewfinder: FDR-AX33/AXP33/AXP35
1080 60i-compatible device: See the bottom of this product.
1080 50i-compatible device: See the bottom of this product.
Models with the USB IN/OUT jacks: Except models for Europe.
Models with the USB Output only jack: Models for Europe only.

Note

For the following items, the descriptions are explained with the model name.

Parts and controls
Menu items
Expected recording time of movies
Expected number of recordable photos

[2] How to Use Before use Parts and controls

Parts and controls (front/top)

1. PHOTO button

2. Power zoom lever

3. N mark
NFC: Near Field Communication

4. (microphone) jack (PLUG IN POWER)

5. (headphones) jack

6. Multi/Micro USB Terminal
Supports Micro USB compatible devices.
This terminal does not support VMC-AVM1 Adaptor Cable (sold separately). You
cannot use accessories via an A/V remote connector.

7. Loop for a shoulder belt

8. Grip belt

9. Multi interface shoe

3. Speaker

For details on compatible accessories of the Multi interface shoe, visit the Sony website
in your area, or consult your Sony dealer or local authorized Sony service facility.
Operations with other manufacture’s accessories are not guaranteed.
If you use a shoe adaptor (sold separately), you can also use accessories compatible
with an Active Interface Shoe.
To prevent failure, do not use a commercially available flash with high-voltage synchro
terminals or with reverse polarity.

10. NIGHTSHOT light

11. Camera recording lamp

12. Built-in microphone

13. MANUAL ring
Manual functions can be assigned to the button and the ring.

14. Lens (ZEISS lens)

15. MANUAL button

[3] How to Use Before use Parts and controls

Parts and controls (LCD monitor)

1. PROJECTOR FOCUS lever (FDR-AXP33/AXP35)

2. LCD monitor/Touch panel
If you rotate the LCD panel 180 degrees, you can close the LCD monitor with the
screen facing out. This is convenient during playback operations.

4. Projector lens (FDR-AXP33/AXP35)

[4] How to Use Before use Parts and controls

Parts and controls (side)

1. Memory card access lamp
While the lamp is lit or flashing, this product is reading or writing data.

2. Memory card slot

3. HDMI OUT jack

4. PROJECTOR IN jack (FDR-AXP33/AXP35)

5.

6. (My Voice Canceling) button

7. PROJECTOR button (FDR-AXP33/AXP35)

8. (View Images) button

9. NIGHTSHOT button

10. (ON/STANDBY) button

/ (Shooting Mode) button （FDR-AX33/AXP33/AXP35)

Suppresses the voice of the person recording the movie.

[5] How to Use Before use Parts and controls

Parts and controls (back/bottom)

1. Viewfinder （FDR-AX33/AXP33/AXP35）
This product is turned on when the viewfinder is pulled out.

2. Viewfinder lens adjustment dial (FDR-AX33/AXP33/AXP35)
If the indications in the viewfinder appear blurred, adjust the viewfinder lens adjustment
dial.

3. START/STOP button

4. POWER/CHG (charge) lamp

5. Built-in USB Cable

6. DC IN jack

7. Tripod receptacle
Attach a tripod (sold separately: the length of the screw must be less than 5.5 mm (7/32
in.)). Depending on the specifications of the tripod, this product may not attach in the
proper direction.

8. BATT (battery) release lever

9. Battery pack

To fasten the grip belt

[6] How to Use Before use Screen indicators

Screen indicators

The following indicators appear when you change the settings.

On the left side of the screen ( )

MENU button

Self-timer recording

[Airplane Mode] set to [On]

Fader

[Face Detection] set to [Off]

[Smile Shutter]

Manual focus
Scene Selection
White Balance

SteadyShot off

White Balance Shift

Zebra

Peaking

Cinematone

Intelligent Auto

Picture Effect

At the center of the screen ( )

Slideshow Set

Warning

Playback mode

REC /STBY Recording mode

AE/AF lock

NFC

Wi-Fi

On the right side of the screen ( )

60i Frame rate (30p/60p/50p/60i/50i/24p/25p), recording mode

(PS/FX/FH/HQ/LP) and movie size

Dual Video REC

60 min Remaining battery

Recording/playback/editing media

0:00:00 Counter (hour:minute:second)
00min Estimated recording time
9999 20.6M Approximate number of recordable photos and photo size

Folder of the memory card

100/112 Current playing movie or photo/Number of total recorded movies or photos

Connection to the external media device

At the bottom of the screen ( )

Audio Rec Level

[Auto Wind NR] set to [Off]

[My Voice Canceling] set to [On]

Blt-in Zoom Mic

Audio Mode

Low Lux

AGC Limit

Spot Meter/Fcs/Spot Meter/Exposure

Audio Level Display

EV AE Shift

Shutter Speed
IRIS

Intelligent Auto

Data file name

Protect

Note

Indicators and their positions are approximate and may differ from what you actually see.

Some indicators may not appear, depending on the model.

[7] How to Use Before use Movie recording format

Recording formats available with this product and their
features

This product supports XAVC S 4K, XAVC S HD and AVCHD. The image quality of XAVC S
4K is 4-times greater than the conventional high definition image quality.

XAVC S 4K
Recording pixels:

3,840 × 2,160 dots

Bit-rate:

60 Mbps, 100 Mbps

Feature:

Records in 4K. Even if you do not have a 4K TV, recording in 4K format is recommended for
future purpose.

XAVC S HD
Recording pixels:

1,920 × 1,080 dots

Bit-rate:

50 Mbps

Feature:

Allows you to record clearer images since XAVC S HD has more information compared with
AVCHD.

AVCHD
Recording pixels:

1,920 × 1,080 dots

Bit-rate:

Max. 28 Mbps

Feature:

Allows you to save images on devices other than computers.

Hint

Bit-rate refers to the data amount recordable over a certain period of time.

[8] How to Use

Getting started Checking the supplied items

Supplied items

The numbers in ( ) indicate the supplied quantity.

Camcorder (1)
AC Adaptor (1)

HDMI cable (1)

USB connection support cable (1)

Power cord (mains lead) (1)

Rechargeable battery pack NP-FV70 (1)

When using this product while connected to a wall outlet (wall socket), such as while
charging, make sure to attach the battery pack to this product.

“Operating Guide” (1)

Hint

The USB connection support cable is designed for use with this product only. Use this
cable when the Built-in USB Cable of this product is too short for connection.

[9] How to Use Getting started Power source preparations

Attaching the battery pack

Attach the battery pack to this product.

1. Close the LCD monitor and retract the viewfinder (models with the Viewfinder), and
then attach the battery pack ( ).

Align the indentation on this product and projection on the battery pack, then slide
the battery pack upwards.

When the viewfinder (models with the Viewfinder) is pulled out, retract it.

To remove the battery pack

Turn off this product. Slide the battery release lever ( ) and remove the battery pack ( ).

Note

You cannot use any InfoLITHIUM battery pack other than the V series to this product.
You cannot use the NP-FV30 InfoLITHIUM battery pack with this product.
In the default setting, the power turns off automatically if you leave this product without
any operation for about 2 minutes, to save battery power (Power Save).

[10] How to Use

Getting started Power source preparations

Charging the battery pack using the AC Adaptor

Charge the battery pack using the supplied AC Adaptor. Attach the battery pack in advance.

1. Close the LCD monitor.

When the viewfinder (models with the Viewfinder) is pulled out, retract it.

2. Connect the AC Adaptor and the power cord (mains lead) to this product and a wall
outlet (wall socket).

The POWER/CHG (charge) lamp lights orange.
The POWER/CHG (charge) lamp turns off when the battery pack is fully charged.

Disconnect the AC Adaptor from the DC IN jack of this product.

A: AC Adaptor
B: Power cord (mains lead)
C: DC IN jack

D: Align the mark on the DC plug

Note

Be aware of the following notes on using the AC Adaptor.

Use a nearby wall outlet (wall socket) when using the AC Adaptor. Disconnect the AC Adaptor
from the wall outlet (wall socket) immediately if any malfunction occurs while using this product.

Do not use the AC Adaptor placed in a narrow space, such as between a wall and furniture.
Do not short- circuit the DC plug of the AC Adaptor or battery terminal with any metallic objects.

This may cause a malfunction.

Hint

It is recommended that you charge the battery in a temperature range of 10 °C to 30 °C
(50 °F to 86 °F).

[11] How to Use

Getting started Power source preparations

Charging the battery pack using your computer

Charge the battery pack by connecting this product and your computer with the Built-in USB
Cable. Attach the battery pack in advance.

1. Close the LCD monitor.

When the viewfinder (models with the Viewfinder) is pulled out, retract it.

2. Pull out the Built-in USB Cable from this product.

3. Connect this product to a running computer using the Built-in USB Cable.

The POWER/CHG (charge) lamp turns orange.

The POWER/CHG (charge) lamp turns off when the battery pack is fully charged.

Disconnect the Built-in USB Cable from the computer, and then store it in the pocket
on the grip belt.

If the Built-in USB Cable is not long enough for the connection, use the USB
connection support cable.

: Built-in USB Cable
: To a wall outlet (wall socket)

To put the Built-in USB Cable away

Put the Built-in USB Cable back in the pocket on the grip belt after use.

Hint

It is recommended that you charge the battery in a temperature range of 10 °C to 30 °C
(50 °F to 86 °F).

[12] How to Use

Getting started Power source preparations

Turning the power on

Turn on this product.

1. Open the LCD monitor of this product and turn the power on.

You can also turn on this product by pressing (ON/STANDBY) button or by pulling
out the viewfinder (models with the viewfinder).

To turn off the power

Close the LCD monitor.

You can also turn off this product by pressing (ON/STANDBY) button.
If the viewfinder (models with the viewfinder) is pulled out, retract the viewfinder as shown

in the illustration below.

On turning this product on or off using the LCD monitor or the
viewfinder (models with the viewfinder)

The power of this product is turned on or off depending on the status of the LCD monitor or
the viewfinder.

LCD monitor: Open, Viewfinder: Retracted

Power On

LCD monitor: Open, Viewfinder: Pulled out

Power On

LCD monitor: Closed, Viewfinder: Retracted

Power Off

LCD monitor: Closed, Viewfinder: Pulled out

Power On

Note

Even if the LCD monitor is closed, if the viewfinder (models with the viewfinder) is pulled
out, this product is not turned off. When you turn off the power of this product, make sure
that the viewfinder (models with the viewfinder) is retracted to the original position.

[13] How to Use

Getting started Power source preparations

Using this product supplying power from a wall outlet

(wall socket)

Supply power to this product using the AC Adaptor.

1. Make the same connections as shown in “Charging the battery pack using the AC
Adaptor” to use this product.

Even if the battery pack is attached, it will not be discharged.

[14] How to Use Getting started Initial setup

Setting the language, date and time

Set the language, date and time when using this product for the first time.

1. Open the LCD monitor of this product and turn the power on.

2. Select the desired language, then select [Next].

A: Touch the LCD monitor

3. Select the desired geographical area with / , then select [Next].

4. Set [Daylight Savings] or [Summer Time], select the date format and the date and time.

If you set [Daylight Savings] or [Summer Time] to [On], the clock advances 1 hour.
When you select the date and time, select one of the items and adjust the value with

/ .