Appendix C: Regulatory Information .....................................................................................................51
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1. Introduction
Congratulations on your purchase of Solectek’s SkyWay Access Series Multipoint Radio System, a
feature rich, best-in-class wireless solution. This User’s Guide will describe the operation of your
SkyWay unit in detail.
A. System Features
•Field proven OFDM modulation allowing high capacity, near line-of-sight deployment and
strong immunity to multi-path.
• MIMO architecture for increased capacity – 300 Mbps Data Rate.
• Polling MAC architecture for high network capacity and supporting a large number of client
units.
• Modulation control of individual Client units in both TX and Rx.
• Power over Ethernet (PoE) for simplified cable routing.
• Integrated or built-in antenna/radio simplifies installation and eliminates lossy RF coax runs.
• Power over Ethernet (PoE) injector / 48V DC Power Supply
• Mast mounting kit
• CAT5 weatherproofing feed-through
• Weather sealing tape
• Warranty/compliance and customer information Card.
3
NOTE: The requisite Cat5 Ethernet cables are not included in the package. Please contact
Solectek for information on available outdoor grade, RF-shielded Ethernet cables. Solectek typically
recommends Belden 7919A cables. Customers can purchase these cables directly from Solectek or
from Belden’s sales channels.
D. Management Platform Requirements
• GUI/Telnet management
1. Hardware - Pentium IV (or better) PC;
2. OS – Windows XP SP2 or SP3; Windows 7 Professional 32 or 64 bit
This section summarizes the steps needed to properly configure and install the SkyWay Access
Radio. As the background and guidelines for much of the radio installation process are well
covered in many in-depth publications and training classes, only those steps that uniquely relate
to the SkyWay product are covered in this User Guide.
A. System Design
Requirements analysis
Site Survey
RF System Design
IP Network Design
Physical/Electrical engineering design
B. Unit Preparation
Unit connection
Initial Configuration
D. Installation
Unit Mounting
Spectrum Analysis
Antenna alignment
E. Verification
Link status + metrics
Ping connectivity
Performance testing
Reliability monitoring
F. Optimization
RF channel tuning
Data rate tuning
QoS
G. Management + Maintenance
Upgrades
Access Methods
Tools
Diagnostics
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3. System Connection
A. PORT DESCRIPTIONS (AS5800,AS5810, AND AS5830)
SkyWay Access has the following access ports:
•(1) 10/100/1000 Gigabit Ethernet + Power Connector (AS5800 Base station only)
OR (1) 10/100/ Fast Ethernet + Power Connector (all Client units)
•(2) RF Ports: N type, female (AS5800 Base Station only – Client units come with
integrated antennas)
The RJ45 connector is accessed at the bottom of the unit, through a multi-piece waterproofing
feed-through. If included, the RF Ports are accessed on the bottom of the unit, which is shown
below.
Unit Bottom View (Client Unit – AS5810, AS5830)
Unit Bottom View (Base Station – AS5800)
B. CONNECTING THE SKYWAY UNIT
Use the diagram below as a guide to cable your SkyWay test system using a PC or Laptop and a
pair of Cat5 cables. An auto-MDIX feature eliminates the need for cross-over cables.
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CONNECTION DIAGRAM FOR CLIENT UNITS
CONNECTION DIAGRAM FOR BASE STATION
Please note that the POE/PS units are different for client units and base station and you must
take care to plug in the right CAT5 cables into the POE/PS unit’s RF-45 ports.
• PORT TO THE RADIO UNIT IS INDICATED BY “PWRLAN-OUT” OR “DATA+PWROUT”
• PORT TO THE PREMISE SWITCH OR COMPUTER IS INDICATED BY “LAN-IN” OR “DATA-IN”
C. INITIAL LOGON
•Open networking properties in your Windows OS. Enter the TCP/IP setup window of your
wired Ethernet adapter properties page. Set the IP addresses to the following values.
Ethernet’s IP Address: 192.168.1.1
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
• Open a Web Browser on the Test PC
• At the URL line, type in the following:
http://192.168.1.100to access a client unit, or http://192.168.1.200 to access a base station unit.
7
•
The access username is admin and the default password is admin. Click OK and the
Main Status screen will be displayed, as shown below (base station version):
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4. Bench testing
Before mounting units into their final location, it is recommended that the system be bench tested to
verify basic operation. The following bench test steps are suggested:
Setup. Each radio should be connected and configured per the previous Sections, with a laptop or
PC connected to each radio directly (or through a hub/switch).
Multipoint units are not factory paired like PTP kits and entries for each Client must be added to ACL
table. Be sure that Access Control MAC addresses are correct and that units share the same
bandwidth, data rate and security settings if ACL is enabled.
It is also important to have identified and prepared the antenna, RF coax and Cat5 solutions that will
be used in the intended application.
Positioning. It is important to remember that the SkyWay radio and antenna system generate and
transmit a great deal of RF power. During bench testing, antennas should not be pointed directly at
each other. Rather, establish a position so there is approximately 180 degrees angular separation
and 6 to 10 feet between units. Fine tune the antenna position so that the Local RSSI is between 30 and -60 dBm.
Testing. If the system has been properly configured, the radios will begin communicating
immediately. The following steps are recommended to verify operation:
• Link State. On the Main Status screen, verify that the RF Link State is Green (connected).
• Local ping. From each laptop/PC be sure a ping to the local radio is successful.
• Link ping. Now ping from one laptop/PC to the other laptop/PC. This will verify the end-to-
end link.
•Traffic test. Using Iperf or equivalent utility, verify traffic can be passed successfully across
the link.
Notes:
(a) Keep in mind that the SkyWay Access data rates will stress the performance of the PC
hardware, operating system and IP stack. To ensure that this test equipment is not a performance
bottleneck, pre-testing PCs, by connecting them directly to each other, is strongly recommended.
(b) Using a file transfer to a shared volume or an FTP session on a typical Windows/Intel machine is
not adequate to accurately measure throughput.
(c) Units bench tested in an indoor configuration should not be expected to deliver full
rated throughput. Benchmarking is typically performed after a system is deployed.
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5. Physical Installation
A. INTRODUCTION
Your SkyWay radio is designed with a flexible, multi-axis mounting system. The radio can be mast,
tower, pole or wall mounted using the appropriate hardware. After determining the best location for
your radio, installation can begin.
To mount a SkyWay-Access radio unit, both the mast mounting kit and Ethernet cable feedthrough
need to be correctly assembled. The recommended approach consists of 3 or 4 steps, detailed in
the following sections:
With the exception of the CAT5 cable, all parts and hardware described in the following sections are
included with your SkyWay radio.
B. ETHERNET CABLE /FEEDTHROUGH ASSEMBLY
Only a single Ethernet cable is needed to connect the SkyWay radio to the indoor PoE Injector.
Since the cable is exposed to the outdoor elements (heat, moisture, and UV light), only outdoor
rated, shielded Cat5 Ethernet cable should be used. To ensure all-weather operation, the
weatherproofing cable feedthrough (also known as grommet or gland) must be properly assembled
onto the Ethernet cable and radio.
The following diagram depicts each of the feed-through parts:
Assembly Steps:
1.Remove the Compression Nut and slip it over the Ethernet CAT5 cable as shown below.
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2. Feed the Ethernet CAT5 Cable through the Feedthrough Body (pre-installed on the enclosure at
the factory) and insert the RJ-45 connector to the female connector inside the enclosure.
3. Install the Compression Nut and hand tighten until the cable resists slipping when gently
pushed or pulled. Lightly wrench-tighten, being careful not to overtorque the Compression Nut.
The unit with properly installed feedthrough appears as follows:
Notes:
(a) Removal of the RJ45 plug from the radio requires a tool such as a thin screwdriver, or opened
paperclip. Care must be taken not to damage the Feedthrough Body or RJ45 plug.
(b) The total combined length of the Ethernet cables between the radio and your network access
device (hub/switch/PC) must not exceed 300 feet.
(c) Once mounted in a permanent location, additional weatherproofing tape (included) should be
applied around the assembled fitting to further enhance durability.
(d) In order to maintain FCC compliance, the use of shielded CAT5 cable is required.
C. BRACKET PREPARATION
The SkyWay mounting bracket is pre-assembled at the factory for ease of installation.
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Using the supplied Bolt/Nut/Washer, attach the bracket tab to the SkyWay enclosure ear, as shown
above. Moderately tighten all bolts to prevent inadvertent movement during the installation.
D. U
NIT MOUNTING
The final installation step involves mounting your SkyWay radio to an outdoor mast or wall.
Mast Mount: The mounting jaws can accommodate mast diameters from 0.75” – 3.0”. Note that
the smaller jaw piece can be reversed. Small diameter masts require the use of the jaw
configuration shown in the first picture, below. Large diameter masts must use the configuration
shown in the second picture.
Once the jaws are oriented appropriately, the two remaining bolts are used to tighten the mounting
kit jaws around the pole/mast.
Wall Mount: The larger, integrated jaw has (4) corner through-holes which accommodate either
M5 or #10 screws/bolts (not included) to mount the system to a wall or soffit. In such a mounting
configuration, the smaller jaw, and (2) jaw bolts are not used.
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E. ANTENNA MOUNTING
Tower or mast mounting of the antenna should proceed according to the antenna manufacturer’s
guidelines.
For interfacing to the Solectek radio, the following should be considered:
•To minimize loss, only short lengths of high quality, LMR-400 (or equivalent) RF coax cables
should be used.
•For base station radios, there are no requirements to connect specific radio ports to specific
polarizations on the antenna. Solectek’s MIMO system will auto-adjust to accommodate the
chosen configuration.
Weatherproofing Ethernet and/or antenna connections is essential. This process prevents water from
entering the chassis or cables through the connectors.
In order to provide an adequate seal, it is advisable to apply three wrappings:
1. electrical tape
2. sealant (such as the butyl mastic which is provided with the product)
3. electrical tape
The first wrapping of tape should be a single layer, followed by a generous wrap of butyl
mastic. Finally, apply two layers of electrical tape, completely covering the mastic layer. Wrap the
last layer of tape such that water is always directed down and away from connections.
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6. IP Configuration
Navigate to Configuration -> Basic to access the Basic Configuration screen. The top one is for the
base station and the bottom one is for the client unit.
•System Name This is an optional description of the unit used to simplify the identification of
a particular radio in the wireless network. This parameter is not related to the identification
of the unit on your wired local area network. For security purposes, the System Name is not
broadcast across the RF link.
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Name can be up to 32 characters long, and consist of all alphanumerics, plus the following
symbols: @ (at sign) - (dash) . (period) ‘ (tick) _ (underscore). Name may not include
spaces.
LAN IP Configuration
• IP Address: IP address of the local unit.
• Subnet Mask: Subnet mask of the local unit.
• Default Gateway: Default gateway for the local unit.
DHCP Configuration
If you prefer to use DHCP to configure IP addresses for client and other devices, you will need to
enable the DHCP Server at the base and also enable the DHCP Client function at the client unit.
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7. Wireless Configuration
Navigate to Configuration -> Wireless to access the Wireless Configuration screen. This screen is
for initial parameter settings only (for client unit configuration, go to Configuration -> Clients).
The top screen shown below is for the base station and the bottom one is for the client unit:
Bandwidth Allows selection of the bandwidth (BW), in MHz, of the RF network. Allowable options
are 20 MHz (Default) and 40 MHz.
If maximizing throughput at shorter distance is of primary importance, then larger bandwidth of 40
MHz may be more appropriate.
Both Base station and Client Unit must be configured with the same Bandwidth setting.
Frequency Allows selection of the center frequency of the RF link, based on the model purchased,
region of operation and operating bandwidth. The Frequency parameter is available on Multipoint
unit only. On a Client unit, the radio will search across the available channels in order to find the
Base Station.
A sample frequency list for the US FCC version, is as follows:
Network Range Should be set to the average link distance, rounded up to the nearest mile or km.
This parameter is used to optimize the performance of the PPM Polling MAC protocol across long
distance links.
Note that the maximum link distance at 20 and 40 MHz bandwidths is 10 miles (16 km).
RF Network Name The wireless network name assigned to this Multipoint network only. The RF
Network Name MUST be configured identically at BOTH base station and client units.
Notes:
•The RF Network Name should be changed from the default settings, and each Multipoint link
should use a unique RF Network Name.
•RF Network Name can be up to 32 characters long, and consist of all alphanumerics, plus the
following symbols: @ (at sign) - (dash) . (period) ‘ (tick) _ (underscore). RF Network Name
may not include spaces.
Transmit Power This parameter sets the RF output power of the radio. Increasing this value will
extend the range of the MULTIPOINT system. However, the maximum available power is limited by
the chosen RF modulation and the regulatory entities in each country.
For example, in the US, the maximum operating power is limited as follows:
In order to accept a new client unit, the base station must be configured properly for the client unit.
Navigate to Configuration -> Client on the base station to access the following screen:
Access Control List (ACL) – enabling the ACL means that the base station only accepts clients
units whose MAC addresses are registered at the base station. Disabling the ACL allows any client
units that operate with the same RF parameters as the base station.
In order to add a new client unit, enter the MAC address and the client name (name of your choice)
and click the ADD button.
Pending Clients – There may be client units already deployed in the field that are trying to
associate with the base station, prior to the user entering the MAC address of such client unit. These
client units will be shown here with MAC addresses. You can choose to accept them by clicking the
ADD button.
Configured Clients – these are clients units that have been accepted by the base station. You can
control Tx and Rx modulations and the number of streams individually for each client unit as shown
above. Check the box to the right the client name before applying modulation and stream changes.
Unless and until the user changes the settings for each client unit, the RF setting will be set to the
default setting in the Configure Wireless screen shown in Section 7.
Modulation Used to establish the transmit modulation and FEC rate of the OFDM/MIMO radio. The
higher the modulation setting (or “density”), the higher the link data rate, but the lower the receive
sensitivity.
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From lowest to highest data rates, the available modulation/FEC settings are:
• BPSK- ½
• QPSK- ½
• QPSK- ¾
• QAM16- ½
• QAM16- ¾
• QAM64- ⅔
• QAM64- ¾
• AUTO
Modulation settings on the Base Station are used as a global default value for all Client units. See
section 9 for details on how to configure modulation settings for each client individually. (or some
mention of how these settings are over ridden on a per client basis)
Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) The AUTO setting above will enable the ACM function in
the network. This feature allows the system to determine the best TX modulation and MIMO settings
based on current RF conditions. At power-up (or reset), the ACM function will begin operation at the
most robust modulation and MIMO settings (BPSK-1/2, 1 stream). If link conditions warrant, higher
order settings will be tested and selected for use.
The ACM function operates continuously, i.e. – if RF link conditions change, then the modulation and
MIMO settings will respond in order to maximize link capability without compromising reliability.
The system relies upon user traffic to determine the optimal modulation settings. When ACM is
enabled, user traffic must be available in order to bring link performance up to its maximum
capability.
ACM is a feature that is enabled on a per-radio basis. It is not necessary for both radios to share the
same state ACM enable/disable configuration.
ACM seeks to optimize the TX modulation of the radio on which it has been enabled. Since RF
conditions may not be the same on either side of the link, due to impairments such as interference,
the system may not select the same TX modulation/MIMO settings for each side.
The RF power settings will not be adjusted by the ACM system.
If the RF power is set above one of the power/modulation thresholds listed in the Transmit Power
section, the ACM system will not likely reach higher order modulations. For example, if the radio
power is set to 23dBm, then the ACM will not be capable of achieving QAM16 or QAM64 operation.
Tx Streams The power of MIMO technology rests on the ability to define the number of data
streams that are carried across the two (2) RF links. At all times, the Access 100 Series radios
utilize a 2x2 dual-chain MIMO format where 2 RF transmit and 2 RF receive chains are enabled and
active. However, these dual chains can be used to carry 1 or 2 data streams.
In a 2 stream configuration, unique data is carried across each RF chain, greatly increasing the
amount of data capacity over a non-MIMO system. The 100 Mbps capability of the product requires
that 2 streams operation be configured.
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In contrast, when increased link robustness and noise immunity is desired, MIMO can be used in a 1
stream configuration. In this scenario, the same information is carried across both RF chains,
increasing the reliability of reception.
It is recommended that both Base Station and Client Unit share the same Modulation and Stream
settings.
9. Security
Navigate to Configuration -> Security to access the Security Configuration screen. Base Station
screen shown here:
Three security options are available: Open, AES and Radius. All units on a wireless network must
share the same security settings.
Open: Removes all encryption and formal authentication methods. Note that even with the “Open”
setting, there is still a MAC address based Access Control system which provides a basic level of
security. (See the section on Access Control)
AES: Provides 128-bit AES data encryption with passphrase/shared-key based authentication.
Radius: This option combines AES data encryption with Radius/802.1x authentication capability,
compatible with MS-CHAPv2/EAP authentication servers.
Notes:
(a) AES passphrase and Radius identity / secret / password fields are case sensitive with no spaces
allowed. Passphrase must be between 8 and 63 characters in length. The shared-key must be 64
Hex digits.
(b) Radius identity must contain an ‘@’ symbol, and is typically in email address format.
(c) Legal characters are: all alphanumerics, plus the following symbols:
Once the radio has been mounted in its intended location, an embedded RF spectrum analysis tool
can be used to survey the site and to aid with the initial channel selection process.
Prior to enabling a spectrum analysis session, ensure that the units are mounted at the desired
location and aligned in the general direction of the target radio.
Note: If a noise and interference only analysis is desired, do not turn on the remote unit during the
spectrum analysis, as the presence of the remote unit will affect the sweep data.
Note: Enabling a spectrum sweep will disable RF traffic until the scan is manually stopped, or the 5
minute test period is complete.
Click Installation -> Spectrum Analysis on the Toolbar to access the Spectrum Analysis screen:
In the example screen shown above, the scan shows high levels of interference at 5755 and 5835
MHz, and these channels would be unsuitable choices for satisfactory performance. While any of the
remaining 20 MHz channels would be preferable, the channel centered on 5795 is a better candidate,
as it is further from the strongest interferers.
There are two display options (Current/Peak and Average/Peak) to assist with analysis. Alternating
between the two modes will not erase the collected data.
There are also two scan modes. The first, Clear Results, removes all historical scan data and reports
only information gathered during the current scan. Alternatively Append Results can be selected if
displaying aggregated results across multiple scans is desired.
To begin spectrum analysis, click Start button. The unit will scan through the available channels and
display the results on the bottom of the screen. Numerical results, measured in absolute power
(dBm) will indicate the interference and noise levels based on received signals from each channel.
The blue bar indicates either the current or average power level (depending on mode selected) and
the red bar indicates peak power received during the test interval.
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After 5 minutes of scanning, the radio will automatically disable the scan and return to normal
operation. A scan can be terminated sooner by clicking the Stop button on radios with local
Ethernet access.
11. Antenna Alignment
SkyWay Access contains several tools to aid with the antenna alignment process that is essential for
client units.
Audible Alignment: The radio produces an audible tone allowing antenna alignment without the
need for additional monitoring hardware.
Note:A ping, or other network traffic is needed to ensure reliable operation of the alignment
feature, in which case the Activity indicated will be in a green state. If no network traffic is
detected, the Activity indicator will be in a red state.
Tip: It is useful to fix the position of the base station sector antenna for the intended coverage area
first and move onto the client unit antenna alignment.
The pulsed tone will begin once an RF link has been established, regardless of quality. It is useful to
reduce the RF Data rate setting to its lowest value during the antenna alignment procedure to
maximize the system’s link capture envelope/angle.
The audible repetition rate will increase as RSSI improves; a higher value will cause a faster rate.
To assist with both coarse and fine tuning, the rate is NOT a simple function of RSSI value. Rather,
the rate will continue to increase as long as adjustments deliver an improved RSSI. As soon as any
degradation (alignment ‘overshoot’) is detected, the rate quickly falls, regardless of the amount of
reduction. Thus, the system is useful for both coarse and fine tuning of the antenna position.
To ensure the system will deliver adequate link reliability, it is recommended that the operator verify
the numerical RSSI following antenna alignment.
The audible function is enabled for the first 30 minutes of operation following a power cycle. If
desired, the audible function can be manually disabled using the telnet command: set audioalign 0
or via the Alignment Page (below).
Regardless of whether the audible function is enabled or disabled, the unit will emit a short audible
tone upon initial power-up.
Alignment Page: An alternative tool to assist with antenna alignment is the Antenna Alignment
page. Navigate to Installation -> Antenna Alignment to display the following page:
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On this page is a dynamic display of the RF link state and local RSSI, in both numerical and
graphical format. In addition to displaying current RSSI, the bar graph format has an auto-scale
function which tracks the minimum and maximum achieved RSSI values since power-up.
12. Verifying Operation
A. Main Status Screen – Base Station
The basic status of the base station can be viewed in the Main Status screen:
This screen updates periodically and thus displays current field values. Navigate to the
Configuration screen if setting changes are necessary.
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There are several noteworthy items:
Software Version The currently installed, operating image version.
Up Time The elapsed time that the unit has been running since the last reboot or power cycle.
Ethernet Port – details of the Ethernet port status can be viewed by clicking the details on the right
side of the screen. The actual screen is shown in Section C below. The Ethernet Port MAC address is
shown for diagnostics purposes, but has no effect on the base station to client wireless connection.
RF Port – The RF Port MAC address is what is used by access control and thus must be entered into
the access control list at the base station.
RF Port Link State The link state has two values.
Green – An RF link has been established
Red – An RF link is NOT established.
Client MAC – This section indicates the basic status of each client unit associated with the base
station. If a client unit is connected (State light having turned green), you can click on the line to
see the details of the connection status as seen in the following screen:
RF Info – This section shows from values seen from base station (local) and client unit (remote).
The Base Station column shows the Tx power and modulation of the base station transmitter section
and RSSI experienced by the base station receiver section. Similar for the Client side column.
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Tx Streams – This indicates whether the unit is being operated with 1 stream or 2 streams of date
over the RF channel. The ACM operation is indicated by the designation of an ‘A’ in parenthesis.
Fixed operation is indicated by an ‘F.’
Local Statistics – These are values experienced by the client unit. Receive Column details values at
the client unit receiver and Transmit Column details values at the client unit transmitter.
Throughput – Please note that the throughput value displayed here do not refer to the radio link
capacity. Rather, it refers to the instantaneous throughput over a short time period measured by the
unit. The value here is meaningful for estimating the traffic amount if such traffic can be sustained
over some time period. Due to framing overhead, actual IP throughput will be less.
Total Frames: Total number of aggregated RF data frames received and sent by the unit. Note:
this number should not be expected to match the Ethernet frames count. Packet framing,
aggregation and QoS operations will all affect the manner in which data is transported from Ethernet
to RF port.
Data Packets: Total number of data packets prior to aggregation, on the transmit side, and
following de-aggregation, on the receive side.
Receive Errors: Total number of Errored Frames received by the local unit.
Tip: When diagnosing link problems, it’s useful to clear the RF statistics and allow 5-20 minutes of
new data to accumulate. This will provide an accurate picture of the current link conditions. On
occasion, it may be useful to sample a longer time period, up to 24 hours in some cases, as the
influence of external interference sources can vary across time due to usage patterns.
Note: RF Frames which are significantly damaged can not be accurately attributed to a paired radio
and will not affect this count.
Transmit Errors: Total number of frames transmitted by the local radio that were not successfully
acknowledged by the remote radio.
Errors of this type can be attributed to two causes: (a) Data packet not received by remote radio, or
(b) Acknowledgement packet from remote radio not received by local radio.
Tip: Because the SkyWay Access radio is a TDD system and uses the same frequency for both
transmit and receive, it is often instructive to compare RX and TX error counts on both sides of the
link so that RF impairments can be isolated to the appropriate link direction and radio.
For example, if Radio A has a large number of TX errors and Radio B has a large number of RX
errors, one could conclude that the RF link from A => B was impaired. Sources of potential
interference at Radio B could then been investigated.
B. Main Status Screen – Client Unit
The basic status of a client unit can be viewed in the Main Status screen and is slightly different from
that of the base station, as shown below:
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The functions of the Ethernet and RF Ports are similar to those at the base station. Clicking the
details button at the right side of the RF Port Section leads to the following screen. For explanation
of each field item, please refer to the base station status section above.
26
C. Ethernet Port Status
Each of the ports also has its own, detailed status screen. For the Ethernet Port status, navigate to
the details button located on the far right side. The screen below is typical:
27
MTU Size The maximum datagram size that the system is able to transmit. Note that this refers to
Ethernet payload not total Ethernet frame size. This parameter is not user configurable.
State: There are two states, Green – Port Up. Red – Port Down.
Total Frames: Total number of frames received and transmitted by the Ethernet port.
Total Octets: Total number of octets (bytes) received and transmitted by the Ethernet port.
The RF Port (navigate to the details button on the Main Status screen next to each client’s
description) also has its own detailed screen:
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13. Quality of Service (QoS)
VLAN Priority
Class of Service
0 Best Effort
1 Background
2 Background
3 Best Effort
4 Video
5 Video
6 Voice
7 Voice
Introduction
The Excel QoS model is based on the Wireless Multimedia Extensions (WME). This is also known as
Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) and is a Wi-Fi Alliance inter-operability certification, derived from the IEEE
802.11e standard. It provides basic Quality of service (QoS) features to IEEE 802.11 networks. WMM
prioritizes traffic according to four Access Categories (AC) - voice, video, best effort, and
background. However, it does not provide guaranteed throughput.
QoS Implementation in Access
The software driver basically classifies the PDU's based on VLAN priority (if present) and IP
Precedence bits. The first classification is with VLAN priority bits. If the incoming traffic has a VLAN
ID present the classification is done as shown in the figure and table below.
After the VLAN classification, the IP packets are classified according to Precedence bits (3 bits) of the
IP TOS field. These precedence bits map to Diff Serve Code Points (DSCP) bits (DS5-DS3). Bits 0
and 1 of the TOS field are reserved and are always 0.
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Precedence
Class of Service
0 Best Effort
1 Background
2 Background
3 Best Effort
4 Video
5 Video
6 Voice
7 Voice
Class of Service
IP
DSCP (6 bits)
TOS (8 bits)
Best Effort
0,3 0x0 (0)
0x0
Voice Video Normal Background
If there is no classification, (no VLAN and IP TOS 0) the packet falls under the Best Effort class. If
the packet has both VLAN and IP precedence values, the maximum of the two priorities (VLAN/IP) is
used.
The following table shows the mapping of class of service on various DSCP/TOS values.
Precedence
(3 bits)
30
0x18 (24)
0x1A (26)
0x60
Background
1,2 0x8 (8)
0x20
Video
4,5 0x20 (32)
0x80
Voice
6,7 0x30 (48)
0xC0
Queue number
Traffic Type
Best Effort
1 Background
2 Video
3 Voice
4 Not used
5 Not used
6 Not used
7 UAPSD
- Not used
CAB
- Not used
9 Beacon
Highest Priority
Lowest Priority
0x1C (28)
0x1E (30)
0x68
0x70
0x78
0xA (10)
0xC (12)
0xE (14)
0x10 (16)
0x12 (18)
0x14 (20)
0x16 (22)
0x22 (34)
0x24 (36)
0x26 (38)
0x28 (40)
0x2E (46)
0x38 (56)
0x28
0x30
0x38
0x40
0x48
0x50
0x58
0x88
0x90
0x98
0xA0
0xB8
0xE0
Queue mapping
The table below shows the mapping of different types of traffic to hardware queues. The Hardware
MAC consists of 10 Queues starting from 0 to 9. Highest priority Queue is 9 and typically used for
beacons. Next highest priority is 8 and is associated with beacon gated frames. The remaining 8
queues are used for different types of traffic classes. Excel only uses queues 0-3 and 9.
0
8
31
14. Advanced Modes (VLAN, Video Mode)
An advanced configuration section is available under Configuration -> Advanced, as shown below:
The first section affects the accessibility of the Radio’s user interface by Management computers
from within a VLAN.
Units will bridge VLAN frames transparently at all times. That is, all frames tagged with VLAN IDs
will be recognized and passed though the system. The unit will NOT tag or strip VLAN ID’s.
Network Mode
The multipoint system has two MAC layer operating modes:
Polling MAC: Polling MAC is superior when the application case involves heavy traffic. Two
examples are ISP operation (download heavy) or video surveillance backhaul (upload heavy).
Private Network Mode: In certain situations, customers may prefer to use Private network Mode.
For example, performance may be better in a private network where there is a lot of client unit to
client unit traffic (office branches, server located at a client unit building, etc)
Management Access
Enable/Disable. If access to the Web GUI will be from a PC within a VLAN, then this feature
should be Enabled. If access is from a PC outside of a VLAN, then this feature should be disabled.
32
VLAN ID: The ID should be set to match the VLAN ID used on your management PC. This setting
does not affect any other VLANs running on your network or the ability to pass VLAN traffic.
Warning: Enabling Management Access via VLAN will lock-out HTTP and Telnet access if
attempting to connect from a PC without the proper VLAN configuration. Access to units with an
unknown VLAN configuration can be recovered through the use of Solectek’s Recovery utility
software on radios running recent revisions of software. Check with Solectek Support for details.
Ethernet Configuration – This section allows users to configure the Ethernet port manually,
particularly for interfacing with older hardware. Solectek strongly recommends using autonegotiation default mode in most cases.
Video Support – Enabling video support allows the user to activate Solectek Videocast mode, which
enhances the link capacity for video surveillance/monitoring network applications. For the details of
the Video mode, contact Solectek sales or refer to a separate documentation on video mode.
33
15. Telnet
Using the radio’s IP address, the system can be managed using a Telnet connection. Access login
and password are the same for a Telnet session as for the HTTP GUI.
Sessions can be initiated from both the Ethernet and RF side of the Network, and multiple sessions
are permitted.
Commonly used commands include:
>status
>get rssi
>get counters
>show log
>uptime
>get <to see read commands>
>set <to see write commands>
>? <to see other commands>
See Appendix B for a complete Telnet command set, syntax and usage.
34
16. SNMP
The SkyWay management system includes ‘get’ support for SNMP v2c via standard and private MIB
tables. This screen is available at the base station only.
Navigate to Management -> SNMP to access the SNMP Configuration screen:
SNMP Enable: For security purposes, the SNMP engine can be disabled, if not used.
Community Names and Trap Manager IP Address fields should be entered based on the
configuration of your SNMP Manager software.
The private MIB (P/N 1539901) is available on Solectek’s Support website or from Solectek Technical
Support personnel.
For further information about SNMP management, the following documents available on Solectek’s
Support Website may be helpful:
• SkyWay Access SNMP Usage Guide (1553101)
• SNMP Objects for Monitoring SkyWay Access (1559201)
Additional Notes:
(a) SNMP community fields are case sensitive with no spaces allowed. Fields must be between 1 and
64 characters in length.
(b) Legal characters are: all alphanumerics, plus the following symbols:
Using the Network Time Protocol (NTP), the SkyWay Access radio can be time synchronized to an
NTP v3/v4 time server as defined by www.ntp.org.
To setup this feature, navigate to Configuration -> Advanced to access the Date and Time feature
configuration:
To time synchronize the radio, the NTP server IP address must be established and the ‘sync’ button
pressed. If connection is successful, the local time/date will be updated to match NTP time.
An NTP resync will occur automatically twice per day.
If the NTP server is off-line, time is still kept locally on the radio. However, a reboot of the unit will
blank the time. A re-connection to the NTP server or manual re-configuration of the time is required
to correct the time/date.
Time zone information must be entered manually as a fixed offset from UTC. Once entered, this
information is stored in non-volatile local memory and does not need to be re-entered.
All changes, except for the NTP Sync function, should be followed by a ‘Submit’ to make active.
36
18. Password Management
Navigate to Management -> Password to access the Login configuration screen:
Enter New Password: Enter the new password.
Confirm Password: Re-enter the new password for confirmation.
Select the “Change” button.
The browser will popup a new login window. You must log back in to the system with the new
password.
At the time of the first password change, a password ‘hint’ prompt will be displayed.
37
Once established, this hint answer can be used to reset the admin password, if it has been forgotten,
via the ‘recover’ Telnet login, as follows:
> Login: recover
> Password: (default)
Once logged in as ‘recover’, the hint will be given:
> What is the name of your favorite pet?
Upon successful answer, the admin password can then be changed.
It is strongly advised that the admin password, and hint answer be recorded and
stored in a secure location.
Notes:
(a) Password & hint fields are case sensitive and no spaces are allowed.
(b) Password & hint should be 6-32 characters in length.
(c) To avoid a ‘weak password’ warning when changing the password via Telnet, it is required that
passwords contain a mix of uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numbers and symbols.
(d) Legal characters are: all alphanumerics, plus the following symbols:
There may be new software releases from Solectek periodically posted on Solectek’s support portal
and available from Solectek Technical Support.
To access Solectek’s support portal, navigate to www.solectek.com, click the Support link, and
register using Access Code vwt4kpa. A login and password will be emailed to you. The firmware
package can then be downloaded from the Software Updates & Tools section. You will also be
registered to receive email updates as new releases become available
The software is comprised of three sections: Firmware, Kernel and Bootloader. However, only a
single upgrade operation is required to bring all three up to the latest revision.
Upgrading the software will not affect the system configuration, but does require a short period of
system downtime to complete the process.
NOTE: A PC based FTP server program running on a locally connected PC is required to
complete the following upgrade procedure. Solectek recommends FileZilla, a free, open-
source FTP server program available via http://filezilla-project.org/
Once the FTP server is installed, the following procedure should be followed:
1. Copy .zip software release package from Solectek website or Technical Support to FTP Server
desktop.
2. Unzip / extract files to any convenient directory.
3. Navigate into the extracted fileset to reach the SetupFirmware.exe tool.
4. Launch tool by double-clicking on tool icon; the following screen will be displayed:
5. Press the ‘Browse’ button and select the folder that has been configured as Home Directory in
the FTP server software.
6. Press the ‘Start’ button. This begins a file copy operation and ensures that all upgrade files
and folders are properly moved into the FTP directory. Once complete, the resulting FTP file
structure should appear as follows:
7. On the Radio management GUI, navigate to Management -> Upgrade to access the
Upgrade screen (see sample below).
8. Enter the FTP Server IP Address, Username and Password information as requested.
9. Enter the three digit software version to be loaded onto the Radio. Format will be x.y.0 (e.g.
– 1.4.0).
10. Press the ‘Upgrade’ button to begin the file transfer process.
39
11. Once complete, the unit must be rebooted for the upgrade to take effect.
Do not power down or unplug the unit during the upgrade process.
If the upgrade fails to complete, or times out:
- Verify the FTP user account has read permission on the target folder.
- Verify that the FTP server’s software firewall is disabled. For example, Windows XP has an
integrated firewall that can block the upgrade.
- Retry Upgrade procedure.
40
20. System Reboot
Navigate to Reboot to access the System Reboot function:
Click on the Reboot button to reset/reboot. The reboot process will take approximately 60 seconds.
Once the rebooting is done, you can use the Click Here button below to access the user interface
again.
41
21. Event Log
The Event Log displays all major events that may be noteworthy for the system administrator for
both monitoring and troubleshooting purposes.
Navigate to Status -> Event Log to access the Event Log Screen:
There are three categories of events:
Notice: This is informational in monitoring the operation of the unit. A Notice entry is part of the
normal operation.
WARN: This may indicate something wrong with the unit or operation. For example, downing of the
RF port may be due to malfunction or user intervention (power off).
ERROR: This is indicative of unanticipated or erroneous operating conditions.
42
22. Log/Configuration Transfer
For diagnostic purposes, the Event Log and System Configuration database can be transferred from
the Radio to a local PC via FTP. The default names of these files are as follows:
CONFIG_VARS-”system_name”.MMDDYYhhmm
events-”system_name”.MMDDYYhhmm
clients-”system_name”.MMDDYYhhmm
Navigate to Diagnostics -> File Upload to access the following screen:
FTP Server IP Address: Local FTP server address.
User Name: User name used to login to the FTP server.
Password: Password used to login to the FTP server.
File Directory: Location on Local FTP server to save Event and Configuration files. If left blank,
files will be transferred to the FTP server’s home directory.
Notes:
(a) FTP Username and password fields are case sensitive with no spaces allowed. Fields must be
between 1 and 32 characters in length.
(b) Legal characters are: all alphanumerics, plus the following symbols:
For access to diagnostic tools, navigate to Diagnostics => Time/Ping menu to view the following:
The ping tool can be used to isolate an issue to the wireless link only, not involving other network
elements such as switches and host computers. You can ping the remote unit from the unit you are
accessing via the user interface.
Destination Add: The IP address of the device to be pinged.
Packet Size: The size of the ping packets to be sent (in bytes).
Packet Count: The number of packets to be sent to the destination IP address.
Click on the Start button to initiate the ping session. Click Stop to terminate it.
You can also manage and view the status of ARP for both base station and client unit, as shown in
the screen below:
44
Appendix A: Factory Configuration
WIRELESS
Radio Spectrum bandwidth
20 MHz
Frequency (Base Station
-
only)
Product &
Region Specific
RF Power
17 dBm
Modulation
QAM16
-
1/2
Streams
1
Distance
1
miles
RF Network Name
Name_1
(Base Station)
Security
Open
Access Control List (ACL)
Enabled
LAN
IP Address (
Client Unit
)
192.168.1.1
00
IP Mask
255.255.255.0
IP Gateway
192.168.1.1
Login Name /
Password
admin / admin
Ethernet Port
Auto
IP Address (Base Station)
192.168.1.200
45
46
Appendix B: Telnet Commands
Command R/W Default Usage Description
acl RW enabled
acl
add [mac
] [client
-
name]
acl del [mac]
acl show
acl [enable | disable]
Base Station only
Add/Delete/Show entries in the RF
access control list.
Enable or Disable acl function
This device is certified to comply with Part 15 of Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Rules. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions:
1. It may not cause harmful interference.
2. It must accept any interference that may cause undesired operation.
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Solectek could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
2. FCC Radio Frequency Interference Statement (4.9 GHz version)
FCC ID: KA349WAN3
This device is certified to comply with Part 90 of Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Rules. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions:
1. It may not cause harmful interference.
2. It must accept any interference that may cause undesired operation.
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Solectek could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
3. Industry Canada Statement
IC 2499A-49WAN3 (4.9 GHz Access)
IC 2499A-58WAN3 (5.8 GHz Access)
This device has been designed to operate with the antennas listed below, and having a maximum gain of 29 dBi. Antennas
not included in this list or having a gain greater than 29 dBi are strictly prohibited for use with this device. The required
antenna impedance is 50 ohms.
To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent
isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that permitted for successful communication.
4. U.S. Government Restricted Rights Legend
The Product is provided with Restricted Rights. Use, duplication, reproduction or disclosure by the Government is subject to
restrictions in subdivision (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Product clause at 252.227-7013 and in
subparagraphs (a) through (d) of the Commercial Product-Restricted Rights Clause at 52.227-19. Contractor/Manufacturer is
Solectek, 6370 Nancy Ridge Drive, Suite 109, San Diego, California.
5. Radio Transmission Notice
This product is a low power (less than 1 Watt), OFDM radio system pre-set to transmit and receive signals in the 4.940 –
4.990 GHz or 5.725 – 5.850 GHz frequency bands. This product has been certified by the U.S. Federal Communications
Commission for use in the United States of America in that band. Other markings on the unit label shall indicate regulatory
compliance in other international areas.
Any prospective user of this product outside the United States of America should, prior to such use, contact the government
department or other agency responsible for assigning radio frequencies in the country in which use is proposed to determine
whether such department or agency has any objection to operation of the product given current regulatory label markings on
said product, and whether there are any other local devices generating signals in that band which might be expected to
interfere with the operation of this product.
Solectek shall not be responsible for any operation of this product which is in violation of local law, creates interf erence
harmful to other local devices, or results in a malfunction of this product caused by outside interference.
This device must be professionally installed and used in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
The installer shall be responsible for ensuring that the proper antenna is employed so that the limits in this part
are not exceeded, including the requirements of FCC Part 15.203
However, there is no guarantee that interference to radio communications will not occur in a particular commercial
installation. In case the device does cause harmful interference with an authorized radio service, the user/ operator shall
promptly stop operating the device until harmful interference has been limited. Solectek Corporation is not responsible for any
radio or television interference caused by unauthorized modification of this device or the substitution or attachment of
connecting cables and equipment other than specified by Solectek Corporation. The correction of interference caused by such
unauthorized modification, substitution, or attachment will be the responsibility of the user.
51
6. Warning
The antennas used for this transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of at least 100 cm from
all persons and must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter
This device has been designed to operate with the antennas listed below, and having a maximum gain of 29 dBi.
Antennas not included in this list or having a gain greater than 29 dBi are strictly prohibited for use with this
device. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms.
• Laird/ARC HD Series High Performance Dish Antenna HDDA5W-29-DP - 29dBi dual polarity (H and V)
The use of the last two Antennas above shall be restricted to Point-to-Point use only.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the
FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is
operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not
installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required
to correct the interference at his own expense.
Information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Solectek
Corporation shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or
consequential damage in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this
material. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without prior written permission is
prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws.
Solectek Corporation makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material,
including, but not limited to, the implied warranties or merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose.
NOTE: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Solectek could void the user’s
authority to operate the equipment.
SkyWay and Solectek are registered trademarks of Solectek Corporation. Windows is the trademark
of Microsoft Corp.
Copyright 2011-2012, Solectek Corp. V1.4 All rights reserved. 102411
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