Smith-Root ELECTROFISHING BOATS, SRI H, SRI EH User Manual

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USER'S MANUAL

ELECTROFISHING BOATS

for all SRI H and EH Model Electroﬁshing Boats

USER'S MANUAL

ELECTROFISHING BOATS

TABLE Of CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION/BOAT

Overview .....................................................................1

Receiving Your New Boat ............................................2

Batteries and Charging ................................................3

Generator Raw Water Filter .........................................4

CONSOLE

Control Panel Items .....................................................5

GPP Controls ...............................................................6

GPP Patch Panel ..........................................................7

GPP Patch Panel Conﬁgurations ..................................8

Auxiliary Foot Switch ...................................................9

COMPONENTS & ISLAND LAYOUT

Pre-Launch ................................................................11

Launching ..................................................................12

Underway Operation ................................................................ 13

Fuel Systems .............................................................. 14

GPP ELECTROfISHER

Electroﬁsher Control Panel ......................................... 16

Engine Maintenance ..................................................19

Winterize ................................................................... 20

Speciﬁcations ............................................................. 22

Trouble Shooting .......................................................23

BOATING SAfETY

Standard Rules ...........................................................31

Right of Way .............................................................33

Lightning Protection ..................................................35

ELECTROfISHING SAfETY

Electroﬁshing .............................................................40

Preventing Electrical Shock ........................................42

Electroﬁshing Boat Safety ..........................................43

Electroﬁshing Principles ..............................................44

Reference and Training Materials ...............................47

Items manufactured by companies other than Smith-Root carry the original manufacturer’s warranty. Please contact product manufacturer for return instructions.

All Smith-Root, Inc. manufactured products are covered by a one-year warranty.

Credit & Refund Policy: Customers returning equipment - in new condition - will be given a refund within ve days from the date of the return. A authorization must accompany returns. Valid equipment returns include, but are not limited to, ordering incorrect equipment, funding decits and defective equipment returned for reimbursement. All returns are subject to a restocking fee and applicable shipping charges. The restocking fee is gured at 10% of the purchase price but not less than $20.00. Customers receiving equipment in damaged condition will be referred to the shipping company for insurance

reimbursement.

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USER'S MANUAL

ELECTROfISHER BOAT MANUAL

OVERVIEW

All Smith-Root boats are heavy- duty electroshing

work boats designed to provide safe and stable

working conditions. They provide the sheries researcher with the utmost in electroshing efciency and equipment reliability. The quality

workmanship and attention to detail that go

into every Smith-Root electroshing boat are

demonstrated by our ever-growing number of

satised customers.

The modular design of our boats provide exibility

in use. The forward work deck provides a safe area for netting and other sampling operations. The gunwale top is smooth to prevent abrasion and net snags. Forward work lights illuminate the entire front area of the boat. Stern lights provide illumination to the rear of the boat.

INTRODUCTION

BOAT HULL

The hulls are constructed of a rugged aluminum alloy that gives superior impact strength and excellent resistance to water and

weather corrosion. The fabrication features all-welded seams. H models feature hard machine-rivets at all critical rib support

points. Seams are double welded at the bottom-to-gunwale sections, providing extreme impact strength. The forward work

decking is anti-skid Dri-Dek

Smith-Root H and EH model boats are heavy-duty electroshing work boats designed to provide the sheries researcher with the utmost in electroshing efciency and equipment reliability.

H model boats feature a sled-style hull, available from 14' to 18' in length, perfect for shallow water shing operations. For rough water conditions, our EH models offer our rugged modied "V" hull available in 18' to 21' lengths.

mat and the walkways are aluminum treadplate.

All Smith-Root boats come equipped with an extra heavy-duty transom. Transoms are 20”, 25" or 27" high and are built with a double H-frame-style reinforcing. This transom is highly resistant to damage on or off the trailer. Side heights are 24" for the H-series and 30" for the EH-series boats.

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ELECTROfISHING

BOATS

RECEIVING & INSPECTION

Before using your new electroshing boat, please read and perform the following procedures.

During shipping it is possible for damage to occur. Also, nuts, bolts, or screws may have vibrated loose.

1. Give your boat a good visual inspection for

possible shipping damage.

PILOT DECK

2. Make sure battery selector switch is OFF.

3. Remove the six 1/4-20 bolts holding the pilot deck

cover on. The pilot deck is located between the

Console and the Generator housing (7/16" wrench

required).

TS-5

6. Inspect the center

console. Remove the top mounting Phillips screw from the outboard throttle and gear shift control

box. Remove the 1/4-20 bolt in front of

the outboard control

box on the side of

the console. Remove

the two 1/4-20 bolts

on the other side of

the console (Phillips screwdriver and 7/16"

wrench are required).

7. Rotate the console

forward, resting it on the top of

the sh tank lids.

Make sure your Battery Selector Switch, located on the

port side of steering & control console, is in the "OFF"

position.

8. Check all the screws on the terminal strips, used and not used, for

tightness. Check all instrument mounting screws and electrical connections. Check all the hardware mounting screws and boat

ground buss bar screws (Phillips and at-blade screwdrivers, 5/16", 3/8", 7/16" and 1/2" wrenches are required).

Remove the pilot deck cover revealing the TS-5

terminal strip and pump compartment. Remove protective cover over terminal strip.

4. Check all of the screws on the TS-5 terminal

strip, pump bases, and boat ground buss bar to make sure that none have vibrated loose

(Phillips screwdriver required).

5. After thorough inspection of this area, replace

the pilot deck cover and tighten bolts.

9. Rotate the console back to its upright position. Re-secure the console fasteners.

10. Open the access hatch on the front of the console (the circuit

breaker and patch panel compartment). Visually inspect all the breaker holders for tightness. Close and latch the compartment.

11. Check tightness of all mounting bolts around the sh holding

tank, battery compartment, console, pilot deck and generator

housing (7/16" wrench is required).

2007

The Control Console is mounted on the central island

structure. The electrosher control panel is mounted at the top

of the consoles within comfortable reach of the boat operator. An adjustable audio tone and the high voltage indicator lamp

are activated whenever electrosher output is present. The console also contains a GPP Patch Panel allowing complete selection of anode/cathode boom congurations. Consoles

hinge forward to provide easy access to all steering controls, switches, circuit breakers, and wiring terminals for the entire electrical system. All wiring terminals are clearly labeled

for easy identication and servicing. A schematic diagram is

provided which shows all wiring and terminal designations for the entire boat. Two spare switches and 2 accessory plugs are provided on the console for additional electrical equipment.

USER'S MANUAL

CONTROL CONSOLE

Outboard controls are mounted on the right side of the control console.

Work-Up Lights and 12V Accessory plug

Console Cover provides complete weather protection to the steering and control console. Constructed of heavy duty canvas with reinforced corners.

Work-Up Lights are provided on the front of the console,

(pictured above). The lights are recessed and aimed to light up

the sh tank and not shine in crew member's eyes.

Batteries are housed under ﬁre extinguisher/storage compartment

(not shown)

BATTERY AND CHARGING SYSTEMS

All models of boats come with three marine batteries housed

in chemical resistant enclosures (two in main compartment, one in enclosure at stern). A 40 amp charging system utilizes

Outboard cranking battery in stowed position at stern

power from the GPP generator. Charging from the outboard

motor is also incorporated in the charging system.

The battery compartment provides space for two marine batteries. The Storage compartment above the batteries

provide space for a marine re extinguisher and miscellaneous

small items. There is a separate cranking battery for the outboard motor.

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ELECTROfISHING

BOATS

CONTROL CONSOLE

BATTERY MAINTENANCE CHARGER

The Battery/Charging system includes a charger that connects to a 110V service (via its receptacle, shown at right) when the boat is not in use for extended periods of time. It automatically brings the battery's level to a full charge and maintains it. LEDs indicate battery charging status (inset).

BATTERY SELECTOR SWITCH

The Battery Selector Switch is located on the left side of the control console. It allows you to switch between the two separate main batteries, run on both simultaneously or to shut both batteries off when boat is not in

use. Switch should be in 'BOTH' position when charging.

GENERATOR RAW WATER fILTRATION

The Generator requires raw water for coolant purposes. The Raw Water

Filter located on left side of control console must be inspected daily and any potential obstruction removed in order to prevent damage to the intake system. Bowl is translucent to facilitate inspection.

110V inlet on console lower front; LED indicators on console side (right)

Battery Selector Sw.

Battery Charger

Raw Water Filtration

Battery Selector Switch

Generator Raw Water Filter

2007

UPPER PANEL ITEMS

VENTILATION FAN -1. cools and clears vapors from generator compartment. Button must be pressed while starting the generator.

DEPTH FINDER2. - indicates water depth below boat

TILT & TRIM - 3. outboard tilt and trim indicator (optional, not shown)

VOLTMETER - 4. expanded voltmeter 12V system

USER'S MANUAL

CONTROL CONSOLE

5. indicates fuel level of selected tank. Outboard powered.

FUEL GAUGE -

GENERATOR OFF - 6. kills generator engine with key in “on” position

GENERATOR LOW OIL 7. - comes on if oil pressure is low

GENERATOR START8. - ignition and 12V accessory power

MAIN PANEL CONTROLS

HEADLIGHTS9. - illuminates water forward. 12V, generator not required

WORK LIGHTS10. - illuminates water around front work deck. Generator powered

TANK PUMP11. - ﬁlls livewell and provides ﬂow through water system

BACKUP LIGHTS 12. - illuminates behind boat

TANK LIGHTS 13. - illuminates ﬁsh holding tank

RECIRCULATION PUMP 14. - water for aeration, can be used on

trailer

HORN - 15. operates loud marine horn

SPARE #1 16. - For wiring an additonal console accessory

LOWER PANEL ITEMS

BATTERY CHARGER INPUT 26. -For connecting 110V service to battery maintenance-charger when not in use

DEPTH FINDER FUSE 27. - 1 amp

OUTBOARD HOURS METER FUSE 28. - 5 amp

17. - records outboard total hours

29. - 5 amp

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OUTBOARD HOURS

BILGE PUMP - 18. switches bilge pump from auto to manual

DASH LIGHTS - 19. illuminates dash panel.

NAVIGATION LIGHTS 20. - operates Coast Guard approved

navigation lights

FUEL GAUGE SWITCH 21. - toggles between port and starboard tank sender unit. Outboard powered.

DECK LIGHTS - 22. illuminates walkways and workdeck

GENERATOR HOURS 23. - records total generator hours

SPARE #2 24. - for wiring an accessory under the pilot deck

WORKDECK FOOT SWITCH 25. - allows for and/or operation of foot

switches

FUEL GAUGE FUSE

IGNITION PROTECTION 30. - 15 amp

12V ACCESSORY PLUG 31. - For additional electrical equipment

ELECTROfISHING

BOATS

GPP CONTROLS

Inset: Range switch as seen on a 7.5 or 9.0 GPP.

7 8

ELECTROfISHER CONTROLS

RANGE SWITCH:1. Selects the output voltage range between high and low or switches the output to OFF (Caution!: The position

of this switch should not be changed when current is ﬂowing, i.e. foot switches engaged!). TIME IN SECONDS:2. Records the actual

shocking time. It counts only when high voltage is applied. EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN:3. Provides a local override of remote foot switches. OUTPUT CURRENT METER:4. Shows the current ﬂowing between the anode and cathode in amps and indicates when the RANGE switch should be moved to the LOW position. For 7.5 and 9.0 GPPs, follow the output table.

MODE:5. Selects the type of output pulses, AC or DC (Caution!: The position of this switch should not be changed when current is ﬂowing, i.e. foot switches engaged!). PERCENT OF RANGE:6. Adjusts the output

pulses to a percent of the selected range, i.e. high/low. Pulse width is also automatically adjusted between 6 and 1 millisecond pulse duration.

ENUNCIATOR VOLUME*:7. Controls volume of output of warning tone.

HIGH VOLTAGE:8. Red indicator lamp shows when voltage is present on output power terminals. PULSES PER SECOND9. : Selects the number

of pulses in the output wave form.

*Enunciator Volume: The Audio Alarm warning tone indicates an output voltage. The control adjusts the volume of the Audio Alarm or turns the Audio Alarm off.

Note: Switch the Range switch to the OFF position when the GPP is not in use. The Audio Alarm warning tone will sound if the

generator is running without the electrodes in the water and the switch is not OFF.

2007

On the front of the console is a hinged lid, with corner cutouts for the optional foot switch cables, that houses the

GPP Patch Panel. Inside, the GPP Patch Panel consist of four

parts:The patch panel, main panel with circuit breakers and

auxiliary foot switch/command center.

Work-up lights can be seen above patch panel door.

USER'S MANUAL

GPP PATCH PANEL

Work-up light switch

Breaker panel light

(Above) Work-Up Lights and Patch Panel Light Switches

(Left) Aux. Foot Switch/ Command Center Switch.

Open door view of Patch Panel and Circuit Breakers.

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ELECTROfISHING

BOATS

GPP PATCH PANEL

CONfIGURATIONS

PATCH PANEL CONfIGURATIONS STARTING WITH THE MOST COMMONLY USED.

Port and starboard booms as anodes - boat and insulated

cathode array as cathode (most

common arrangement).

Port and starboard arrays as anodes - insulated cathode array as cathode. Boat ground isolated, required in California and BC.

Port boom as anode - starboard boom as cathode - boat hull and cathode array isolated.

Starboard boom as anode - port boom as cathode - boat hull and cathode array isolated.

2007

USER'S MANUAL

fOOT SWITCH OPERATION

WORK DECK fOOT SWITCH SETTINGS

The Both and Separate foot switch position switch is located on the lower starboard side of the console. The switch controls the function of the work deck foot switches. In the separate position, each foot switch controls the output. In the Both position, the two foot switches must be pushed simultaneously to activate output. The Command Center foot switch is located on the aft side of the console and is operated by the helmsman.

Left to Right - Both and Separate work deck switch on console front; Command Center Foot Switch; Work deck foot switches.

COMMAND CENTER & AUXILIARY fOOT SWITCH SETTINGS

The Patch Panel cables have been unplugged in the following pictures so the Auxiliary Foot Switch & Control panel can be seen.

Note:The Both/Separate switch only affects the work deck foot switches and has no effect on the Auxiliary or Command Center foot switches.

1. Auxiliary foot switch inactive/command center foot switch inactive

- (not required, no foot switch plug needed to operate normally).

Note: one or both work deck switches must be operated.

2. Operation of command center foot switch required. Operation of

auxiliary foot switches not required. Note: one or both work deck switches must be operated. The Command Center (Pilot) foot switch or Auxiliary foot switches will not activate the shocker

alone. One of the work deck foot switches must be pushed

(separate position).

3. When using an auxiliary

foot switch, the toggle switch must be in the active

position. Electrosher will not operate without auxiliary

foot switches depressed. Note: one or both work deck switches must be operated.

Auxiliary Foot Switch

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ELECTROfISHING

Generator Test Water Drain

Generator Exhaust Pipe

Heat Exchanger Winterizing Drain

Livewell Winterizing Drain

Livewell Drain Pipe

Generator Oil Drain

Generator Winterizing Drain

Generator

System

Raw Water

Intake (Gen. &

Livewell fill)

Steering Console

Battery

Compartment

Generator

Raw Water

Filter

Recirc.

Pump

Muffler

System

Fish Holding Tank

(Livewell)

Battery Compartment

Storage Compartment

Hinged Battery/Storage Compartment Lid with Fire Extinguisher attached

Battery On/Off Switch

Pilot Deck & Pump Compartment

GPP Generator Housing

Control console

Fish holding tank

BOATS

COMPONENTS & ISLAND LAYOUT

Above - Proﬁle of typical boat, showing arrangement of major components.

Above - Arrangement below island super-structure showing

Generator, Battery compartment, pumps, Livewell plumbing and winterizing/maintenance drains.

Right - Drain manifold details: A- Generator Test Water ; B- Heat Exchanger Winterize Drain; C-Generator Winterize Drain ; D- Livewell Winterize Drain; EGenerator Oil Drain.

2007

USER'S MANUAL

PRE-LAUNCH CHECKLIST

8. Check boat for required equipment:

Life jackets for all personnel on board, plus one extra•

Rubber coats, rubber boots, and rain gear•

Rubber gloves•

Dip nets•

Tools•

Spare bilge plug•

9. Be sure to store all personal gear before launching the boat.

10. Locate the bilge plug and install before launching.

1. Check your batteries.

Note: If the batteries need to be charged, use built in charger.

2. Turn the battery selector switch and boat ignition "On"

to test the electrical system.

Note: DO NOT run pumps without water. The impellers will become damaged very quickly.

3. Check the generator oil level. See Electrosher section; Generator Owner's Manual for details.

4. Check the outboard oil. See Motor Section - Outboard Owner's Manual for details.

5. Check the generator and outboard motor fuel supply.

6. Check the re extinguishers. (The gauge should be in the

green).

7. Check the sh holding tank for stand-pipes and

cleanliness.

11. Give everything one nal visual inspection before

launching.

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ELECTROfISHING

BOATS

LAUNCHING INSTRUCTIONS

1. Don’t forget to install the Bilge Plug.

(Oh yes, you will, we all have!)

2. Remove Tie-down strap. Disconnect the trailer lights.

3. DO NOT disconnect your winch line or safety chain until the boat is in the water and outboard is warmed-up.

4. Back the boat into the water. “Caution” If your tow-vehicle has an automatic

transmission, after starting down the launch, shift your transmission to neutral, and use the weight of the tow-

vehicle to launch your boat. Your transmission’s pulling

backward may cancel out your rear brakes. On a steep, sandy, or slippery launch, your front brakes may be inadequate to stop at the desired launch position.

5. Launch Position. Do not over-launch your boat. Don’t

back the trailer in over the top of the fenders.

6. Start the outboard and let it warm up on the trailer.

While it is warming up, check the Bilge Plug for leakage. Verify outboard motor water pump operation

by looking for a steady stream of water coming out to the water pump indicator.

7. After warming up, shift the outboard into forward to hold the boat rmly against the bow receiver. Now have

a crewmember unhook the safety chain and winch line. Once the bow is unhooked, shift into reverse and back off the trailer.

8. Loading and unloading your boat at the boat launch can

be a tricky situation. Wind and current affect launch conditions severely. It is better to load and unload without additional crewmembers on board. Additional weight and crewmembers moving about in the boat will drastically change low speed maneuverability of the boat.

9. Either beach or dock the boat to load your crewmembers. Before leaving the dock or beach, make

sure all hands have put on their personal otation devices (life jackets). Now you are ready to get

underway.

2007

USER'S MANUAL

Chain support

Boom clutch assembly

Boom base

Navigation light

Lower trailering position

Upper underway position

Boom support chain

Stretch cord

Boom holder

Boat hull area

Bow

Work deck safety rail

Boom support chain

Head & work lights

Boom extension

UNDERWAY

UNDERWAY OPERATING AND ELECTROfISHING PREPARATION

UNDERWAY OPERATING TIPS:

1. Before starting your outboard engine, read the information in the “Motor” section for fuel mixture ratio and break-in

procedures. Prior to getting underway, run the outboard

at a fast idle for the first 1 1/2 to 2 minutes. This will

allow engine to be completely warmed up and will ensure all working parts are well lubricated.

2. During this warm up time, have a crew member move the booms from the lower trailering positions to the upper underway position. When attaching the arrays, attach the safety line rst, then connect the quick connector . Do not unfold your arrays at this time.

3. Check your trim. Trim your bow up or down to suit your boat load and water conditions. If your boat wants to porpoise, trim your bow down. For more information,

see “Motor” section.

4. When you reach the job site, throttle-down slowly.

Throttling-down slowly will prevent chill-shocking the outboard power head and prolongs engine life.

PREPARING THE BOAT fOR

ELECTROfISHING

1. Raise and inspect the booms, boom extensions, and

arrays to see that they are in good working order. When

attaching the arrays, connect the safety line rst, then

attach the quick connector. Do not unfold your arrays at this time.

2. Loosen clutches and lift the booms from the underway

position. Swing booms forward to about 45

forward. Tighten boom clutch assemblies to hold booms in position. Adjust anode depth with chain adjustments,

elements extended about 2ft. into the water.

3. After the booms are adjusted, start the generator and allow it to warm up for a minute or two. Check to see if

cooling water is being discharged with the exhaust.

4. See “Electrosher” section to operate electrosher.

from

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ELECTROfISHING

Aux. Fuel Tank

Shut Off

Port Tank

Shut Off

Starboard Tank

Shut Off

Water Seperator

Viewing Chamber

Fuel Filter

Water Seperator

To Generator

To Outboard Motor

BOATS

fUEL SYSTEM

Smith-Root boats come with a water separator fuel lter and

generator fuel pump.

Always use outboard manufacturer's recommended fuel.

MAINTENANCE

Check fuel lter viewing chamber for signs of water daily.

Refer to your OEM Manual.

TO RE-PRIME YOUR OUTBOARD fUEL SYSTEM

First plug the auxiliary fuel hose to the auxiliary fuel tank (the tank that comes with the outboard motor). Then open the port tank shut off valve and pump the priming bulb 18 or 20 times. Then close the port tank valve and open the starboard tank valve. Now pump priming bulb 5 or 6 times.

Now close Starboard tank valve and pump priming bulb

until it becomes rm. Your fuel lter, generator fuel pump,

outboard fuel pump and carburetors are now primed. Now

remove auxiliary fuel tank hose from tank and adjust shut

off valves to suit your needs.

2007

USER'S MANUAL

GPP OPERATION

GAS POWERED PULSATOR

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ELECTROfISHING

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BOATS

ELECTROfISHER CONTROLS

1 - RANGE: Selects the output voltage range between high and low or switches the output to OFF

(Caution!: The position of this switch should not be changed when current is owing i.e. foot switches

engaged!) 2 - TIME IN SECONDS: Records the actual shocking time. It counts only when high voltage is applied. 3 - EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN: Provides a local override of remote foot switches. 4 - OUTPUT CURRENT: Shows the current owing between the anode and cathode in amps.

Low range indicates that the RANGE switch should be moved to the LOW position. For 7.5 and 9.0 GPPs, follow the output table.

5 - MODE: Selects the type of output pulses, AC, DC or OFF (Caution!: The position of this switch should not be changed when current is owing i.e. foot switches engaged!). 6 - PERCENT OF RANGE: Adjusts the output pulses to a percent of the selected range, i.e. high/low. Pulse

width is also automatically adjusted between 6 and 1 millisecond pulse duration.

7 -ENUNCIATOR VOLUME: The Audio Alarm warning tone indicates an output voltage. The control adjusts the volume of the Audio Alarm or turns the Audio Alarm off*.

8 - HIGH VOLTAGE: Red indicator lamp shows when voltage is present on output power terminals. 9 - PULSES PER SECOND: Selects the number of pulses in the output wave form.

*Note: Switch the Mode and Range switches to the OFF position when the GPP is not in use. The Audio

Alarm warning tone will sound if the generator is running without the electrodes in the water and the switches are not OFF.

2007

USER'S MANUAL

GPP OPERATION

POWER SUPPLY CONTROLS

GENERATOR. Your GPP is powered by a specially

manufactured gas-powered generator. The generator is wound so that the output voltages are taken directly from the generator, eliminating the need for a transformer or voltage-

doubler. The generator has a self-excited, revolving field.

This rotor connects directly to the engine crankshaft with a

tapered t. The stationary armature has a separate excitation

winding, and multiple windings to supply AC power.

Two 12 VAC windings on the generator provide up to 500 watts of 12 volts AC power. They will run the 12 volt work

lights and will recharge batteries.

ENGINE. This instruction section covers the electrosher and

the generator, but not the engine. Please read instructions in

the engine manufacturer’s section. The engine manufacturer has established an excellent worldwide service organization.

Engine service is usually available from an authorized engine dealer near you: Check your Yellow Pages or contact SmithRoot, Inc. for a dealer near you.

ENGINE GOVERNOR. The engine must be run at 3600

rpm to supply the power it was designed to produce. The governor on the engine holds the speed as nearly constant as possible. The governor is set at the proper speed in the factory. Do not adjust the governor without proper tools.

VOLTAGE VARIATION. All engines slow down when a load is applied. When the electrical load on the generator is increased, the engine speed drops. This results in a lower voltage when the generator is loaded to its full capacity than when unloaded.

FREQUENCY VARIATION. The AC frequency is around

60 cycles per second. The inevitable variations in engine

speed produce slight variations in the AC frequency. This has no noticeable effect on the operation of motors, lights, and

your GPP electrosher. However, clocks and other timing

devices will not keep perfect time when used on generators.

MODIFICATIONS to the power supply that are not authorized may impair the function and safety of the unit.

ELECTROfISHER CONTROLS

MODE The large switch (located at top right of control

panel) selects the type of output pulses, AC, DC or OFF

(Caution: The position of this switch should not be changed

when current is flowing, i.e. foot switches engaged). The small switch labeled PULSES PER SECOND selects the

number of pulses in the output wave form 120, 60, 30, 15,

7.5 Hz. This switch selection may be changed at any time. However, it must be in the 120 position for AC output (gives 60 Hz. AC out).

Outputs on all selections are fast-rising slow-falling pulses (a ltered DC output option is available).

RANGE selects the output voltage range between high and

low or switches the output to OFF. (Caution: The position of this switch should not be changed when current is owing,

i.e. foot switches engaged).

PERCENT OF RANGE adjusts the output pulses to a

percent of the selected range, i.e. high/low. Pulse width is also automatically adjusted between 6 and 1 millisecond

pulse duration.

HIGH VOLTAGE red indicator lamp shows when voltage is present on output power terminals.

ENUNCIATOR VOLUME The Audio Alarm warning tone indicates an output voltage. The control adjusts the volume of the Audio Alarm or turns the Audio Alarm off.

Note: Switch the Mode and Range switches to the OFF position when the GPP is not in use. The Audio Alarm

warning tone will sound if the generator is running without the electrodes in the water and the switches are not OFF.

OUTPUT CURRENT this meter shows the current owing between the anode and cathode in amps. LOW RANGE indicates that the RANGE switch should be moved to the LOW position. For 7.5 and 9.0 GPPs, follow the output

table.

TIME IN SECONDS records the actual shocking time. It counts only when high voltage is applied. The timer helps evaluate capture effectiveness. The counter can be reset to zero by pushing the small red button on front panel.

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ELECTROfISHING

BOATS

EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN provides a local override of remote foot switches.

ELECTROFISHER OUTPUT PATCH PANEL: Located in a locking compartment in the forward section of the steering and control console with the Circuit Breaker panel.

This compartment should never be opened with the GPP Electrosher in operation.

The patch panel consists of four large “banana jacks” and Four cables terminated with large “banana plugs”.

Using the patch panel, it is possible to easily change the

output conguration of your boat to optimize it for various conditions that are encountered. Congurations supported

are: boat as cathode one or two booms as anode, one boom as

anode second boom as cathode, cathode array (if equipped)

as cathode and one or two booms as anode.

Power is supplied from the banana jacks to the boat component designated by the plug wire connected.

When not actually being used, plugs may be left unconnected;

however, the normal configuration is port and starboard

booms patched as anodes and boat and/or cathode array

patched as cathodes.

If this selector switch is in the “INACTIVE” position, the

pilot deck foot switch has no effect. Also located in the Circuit Breaker panel compartment are the “AUXILIARY

FOOT SWITCH & CONTROL” switch and plug. If you are using an auxiliary foot switch, plug it into the 4 pin socket and switch the “CONTROL” switch to “ACTIVE.” This puts your auxiliary foot switch into the control circuit. When not using an auxiliary foot switch, make sure that the “CONTROL” switch is in the “INACTIVE” position.

1. Set Emergency Shutdown Switch to OFF.

2. Place the anode and cathode in the water.

(not touching each other).

3. Check engine oil level; if low, ll with type recommended

in engine operating manual for your operating environment. The low oil light on boat operator panel will illuminate under low oil conditions.

4. Open fuel tank shut-off valves (if so equipped) if using an auxiliary tank prime system with squeeze bulb.

5. Turn to the start position (full clockwise), release to

the run or ignition on position when engine reaches full operating RPMs.

ELECTROfISHER SAfETY SWITCH OPERATION:

Adjust foot switch system to desired conguration. On the

lower right-hand corner of the Console Control Panel is a

foot switches control switch. In the “BOTH” position both work deck foot switches and the boat operator's foot switch must be engaged simultaneously to activate the GPP. In the “SEPARATE” position only one (either one) work deck switch and boat operator's switch needs to be engaged to activate the GPP. The function of the boat operators foot switch (pilot

deck switch) is selected by a switch located in the Circuit Breaker panel compartment marked “COMMAND CENTER

FOOT SWITCH”. If this switch is in the “ACTIVE” position, the boat operator foot switch must be pushed for the GPP to

work.

6. On the Electrosher, set the MODE selector switch to the

desired mode. If you are not sure which mode you desire,

start with 120 pps DC (this will put the maximum amount

of power in the water at the selected voltage).

7. Set the PERCENT OF RANGE to the minimum.

8. Set the RANGE selector switch to LOW.

9. Set EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN switch to ON.

10. Set the ENUNCIATOR VOLUME to mid-range.

11. Activate the remote control switch (foot switch). The high

voltage indicator lamp and audio alarm should both come

on and the ammeter will deect.

2007

USER'S MANUAL

Maximum GPP Amperage (2.5 - 5.0)

Model High Low

2.5

5.0

8 Amps

16 Amps

4 Amps

8 Amps

7.5 120 V 170 V 62.5 A

31.3 A

20.8 A

10.4 A

240 V

360 V

720 V

340 V

500 V

1000 V

150 A60 V 85 V

75 A120 V 170 V

37.5 A240 V 340 V

18.8 A480 V 680 V

9.0

Maximum GPP Amperage (7.5 - 9.0)

Model DCAC Amperage

GPP OPERATION

12. Adjust the PERCENT OF RANGE switch to achieve optimum response by the sh. Deactivate the shutdown switch when switching to HIGH RANGE. Damage to

the range selector switch may result from switching under load. Experimentation will be required to learn

what mode and voltage settings are best for various water

conditions and types of sh.

See charts below:

13. If the ammeter shows LOW RANGE and the RANGE selector is in the HIGH position, switch to the LOW

GPP Amperages by Model

position. The low voltage windings on the generator are capable of delivering more current than the high voltage windings. If erratic operation occurs in the high range, switch to the low range. Do not operate the generator above the power ranges indicated on the meter, or possible engine and generator damage may occur.

ENGINE & GENERATOR MAINTENANCE

Before cleaning or inspecting, make certain all moving parts have stopped and cooled down. Do not put hands, feet, tools or other objects near rotating parts. Always wear eye protection.

1. CHANGE ENGINE OIL after rst ve hours of operation.

Thereafter, refer to the OEM maintenance schedule which

can be found in the Generator's OEM Manual.

To drain the engine oil; place one end of a 3/8" dia.

hose on the oil drain and thread the other end through the transom drain hole. Place the end of the hose onto a container. Turn the handle on the shut-off valve and let

the oil drain into the container. (Be sure to dispose of the oil properly). Rell the engine with new oil. Check dip

stick for proper oil level.

2. SPARK PLUG. Clean and reset gap to specs found in OEM Manual every 100 hours of operation.

3. FUEL. Every 250 hours replace the in-line fuel lter or

clean the bowl.

4. CHECK GUARDS. Operate the generator engine only

with the guards and shields in place and working correctly.

If rotating parts are left exposed they are hazardous.

13. If you have been working your GPP hard, run it for another ve minutes under no load before shutting the

generator down. This allows the electrical components to

cool down slowly, extending their life considerably.

14. Turn the fuel valves to the OFF position when the boat is

transported over long distances or on rough roads.

15. Turn the battery switches to OFF when not in use, except

when charging the batteries.

5. INSPECT GENERATOR BRUSHES after every 100

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hours of operation and replace when worn to 3/8 inch (1cm) or less. Consult Generator's OEM Manual.

ELECTROfISHING

BOATS

WINTERIzATION

OUTBOARD

1. Disconnect or shut off fuel.

2. Run engine to eliminate fuel from carburetors (until

engine quits).

Note: Do not run engine without water; use hose adapter

recommended by outboard manufacturer.

Note: Do not run engine tilted up.

3. Remove spark plugs.

4. Spray fogging oil in each cylinder.

5. Cycle the engine (manually or electrically).

6. Spray each cylinder again and replace the spark plugs.

Note: Do not connect plug wires.

7. Spray fogging oil into carburetor air intakes.

8. Cycle the engine (manually or electrically).

9. Replace plug wires.

10. Replace engine shroud.

11. Store boat with outboard tilted down, if possible.

12. Check owner's manual for additional advice.

10. Drain water strainer located on side of console.

11. Open cover from generator water pump and lubricate

impeller with silicone grease.

BATTERIES

Connect Automatic Battery Charger with maintenance

oat feature to the connector labeled "Battery Charger"

on the Console.

GENERATOR

1. Leave fuel valves turned off. Start engine to drain carburetor

bowl.

2. Remove spark plug and spray fogging oil into cylinders.

3. Cycle engine (manually or electrically).

4. Spray cylinders again and replace spark plugs.

Do not reconnect plug wires.

5. Cycle engine again.

6. Now replace the plug wires.

7. Change the oil and lter:

a. Connect hose to 3/8" pipe tting marked "Oil Drain"

located behind Generator Housing.

b. Route Oil Drain Hose through Stern Drain in

Transom.

8. Open Winterizing Drain Valve (behind Gen. Housing) to drain raw water from Generator.

9. Drain the water from the generator cooling hose by

removing the cap from the "T" tting located inside the

generator compartment, below the compartment light. Replace the cap and tighten by hand.

2007

fUEL SYSTEM

1. When you ll up the onboard fuel tanks for the last trip

of the year, add a fuel stabilizer to it.

2. After returning from the last eld trip, top off the fuel

tanks with fuel and conditioner.

3. With fuel shut-off valves turned off, remove and discard

the old fuel lter.

4. Install a new fuel lter per manufacturer's instructions.

5. Do not re-prime the fuel lter at this time.

6. Leave fuel shut-off valves turned off.

7. Note: Leaving your fuel tanks full will minimize

condensation build-up inside the fuel tank.

fISH TANK DRAINING

1. Locate Livewell Winterizing Drain valve. Open valves to

drain any water into bilge.

USER'S MANUAL

WINTERIzATION

BOAT WINTERIzING CHECK Off LIST

OUTBOARD COMPLETED BY

1. Run carburetor ............................................................❏ ____________________________________________________

2. Fog engine ..................................................................❏ ____________________________________________________

3. Re-Install plugs and wires ..........................................❏ ____________________________________________________

4. Check owners manual. ................................................❏ ____________________________________________________

GENERATOR

1. Run carburetor/s dry ...................................................❏ ____________________________________________________

2. Fog engine ..................................................................❏ ____________________________________________________

3. Re-Install plugs & wires .............................................❏ ____________________________________________________

4. Change oil and oil lter ..............................................❏ ____________________________________________________

5. Drain raw cooling water from Gen .............................❏ ____________________________________________________

6. Check owner's manual. ...............................................❏ ____________________________________________________

BATTERIES

1. Connect Maintenance/Float Charger ..........................❏ ____________________________________________________

PUMPS

1. Remove and store impellors .......................................❏ ____________________________________________________

fUEL SYSTEM

1. Add fuel stabilizer......................................................❏ ____________________________________________________

2. Shut off fuel valve/s. ...................................................❏ ____________________________________________________

3. Install new fuel lter. ..................................................❏ ____________________________________________________

LIVEWELL TANK

1. Drain Tank. .................................................................❏ ____________________________________________________

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ELECTROfISHING

BOATS

SPECIFICATIONS

Conductivity Range 10 to 5,500 microsiemens/cm

Rated Output Power 5,000 W 7,500 W 9,000 W

Rated Output Max. Current

12 VAC Auxiliary Power* 2 @ 500 W 42 A 2 @ 500 W 42 A 2 @ 500 W 42 A

Output Pulse Modes Pulsed AC & DC Pulsed AC & DC Pulsed DC

DC Output Peak 0 to 500 V Low

AC Output RMS 0 to 350 V Low

Output Pulse Frequency 7.5, 15, 30, 60& 120 Hz 7.5, 15, 30, 60 & 120 Hz 7.5, 15, 30, 60 & 120 Hz

Output Current Metering AC & DC 0 to 25 A AC & DC 0 to 199 A DC 0 to 199 A

High Voltage Output Indicator Panel Lamp & Audio Tone Panel Lamp & Audio Tone Panel Lamp & Audio Tone

Output and Safety Control Foot Switch & Panel Switch Foot Switch & Panel Switch Foot Switch & Panel Switch

Seconds Timer LCD Display 0 to 999,999 0 to 999,999 0 to 999,999

Cooling Method Convection Convection Fan Cooled

Output Connectors CPC with 15” Cable CPC with 15” Cable POS. CAM CONN. 15” Cable

Engine Size 11 HP 16 HP 16 HP

Generator Weight 210 lb 228 lb 238 lb

Pulsator Weight 20 lb 30 lb 35 lb

Generator Dimensions 28” L x 21.5” W x 20” H 28” L x 21.5” W x 20” H 28” L x 21.5” W x 20” H

Pulsator Dimensions 17.5” L x 17.5” W x 13” H 20” L x 15” W x 16” H 20” L x 15” W x 16” H

* Note: 12 VAC auxiliary power subtracts from Electrosher power available.

Specication subject to change without notice.

SPECIfICATIONS

5.0 GPP 7.5 GPP 9.0 GPP

10 to 11,000 microsiemens/cm3100 to 25,000 microsiemens/cm

16 A 62 A 150 A

0 to 1000 V High

0 to 700 V High

0 to 1000 V in 4 steps 0 to 680 V in 4 steps

0 to 700 V in 4 steps N/A

2007

GPP TROUBLESHOOTING

Buss Bar W/L Brkr

Batt. Chrgr.

r Power &

nal Strip

OLTAGE

GPP Contlr.

12 Vac

Relay Board

12 Vac

Anode

Board 12 Vac

Cathode

Anode

Dash Lights

GPP Grnd.

Buss Bar

W/L Brkr

GPP Contlr.

12 Vac

Relay Board

12 Vac

Relay Board

12 Vac

Gen Grnd.

6 7

TS-1

Figure 1.1

Economy Model:

Top center of Dash Panel.

Standard Model:

Circuit Breaker panel inside Patch Panel compartment.

Figure 1.3

Figure 1.2

PROCEDURE #1: CHECK GENERATOR AC VOLTAGES INSIDE CONSOLE.

TEST 12 VOLT AC OUTPUT*

A. Set GPP Voltage Range Switch to “off”. Start

Generator. Set engine speed to 3600 RPMs.

B. Check the VAC on TS-1 using a voltmeter (g.

1.1) pairs: (1&4 and 6&7). They should read

14.5V, 60Hz. If 14.5-Volts AC are not present, go

to C or D. If Voltages are okay, go to Procedure

C. Flash Generator.

USER'S MANUAL

Restart Procedure 1.

D. Test Battery Charger Circuit. Pull out on center

button of the circuit breaker (Fig. 1.2, 1.3). If

14.5 volts are present, Battery charging circuit is

shorted and needs to be repaired.

E. If still no 14.5 Volts AC, shut off generator and

then remove wire pairs (1&4 and 6&7) from generator to TS-1 (g. 1.1). Retest for 14.5 volts connected directly to each pair (black/black, white/white).

If 14.5 volts are now present, a short circuit exists inside the console.

F. Check each wire pair to the boat ground.

Measurements should be greater than 500 ohms.

If resistance is low, wire insulation may be damaged and shorting to ground.

Go to Procedure 3.

*High voltage is present inside the console while the generator is running. Only qualiﬁed personnel should attempt high voltage measurements.

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ELECTROfISHING

Generator Power to GPP Terminal Strip

DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE

120VAC

Foot Sw.

GPP Control Strip

TS-0

9&10

11&12

7 & 8

1 & 2

3 & 4

5 & 6

Figure 2.1

High voltage is present inside the console while the generator is running. Only qualified personnel should attempt high voltage measurements.

WARNING

High voltage is present inside the console while the generator is running. Only qualified personnel should attempt high voltage measurements.

WARNING

BOATS

PROCEDURE #2: TEST HIGH VOLTAGE AC OUTPUT INSIDE CONSOLE*

A. Set Voltage Selector Switch to “OFF”.

B. Check each of the high voltage terminal

pairs on TS-0 for 120 Volts AC * (fig.

2.1) Pairs: 1&2, 3&4, 5&6, 7&8, 9&10, and 11&12.

C. If voltage measures 120 Volts AC for

each pair, go to E.

D. If voltage measures low, check terminals

1-12 to boat ground. All terminals should show open or high resistance (Greater than 500 Ohms). If resistance is low,

wire insulation may be damaged and shorting to ground.

Go to Procedure 3.

E. Switch GPP Voltage Range Switch to

“LOW”. Retest all of Procedure 2. If low

voltages are found, one or more windings may be out of phase.

F. Switch GPP Voltage Range Switch to

“HIGH”.

Retest all of Procedure 2.

G. Measure voltages on TS-0, pins 1 to 12.

They should read 720 VAC RMS.

If Voltage Is Okay, go to Procedure 6

If voltage NOT Okay, contact SRI.

2007

A. Turn Generator off.

Foot Sw.

GPP

GPP Control Strip

Foot Sw.

#11

#12

#13

#14

#15

120

VAC

120

TS-0

5 Amp Fast-Blow Fuse

B. Connect a jumper wire across the foot switch connection

(PINS 13 & 15) on TS0 to bypass the foot switches. (Fig.

3.1)

C. Connect console “Patch Panel” as shown. (Fig. 3.2)

D. Connect test load to boom and cathode (See Procedure 6).

Warning - Keep all personnel clear of booms and the test load while the generator is running.

E. Switch mode switch to 120 PPS.

USER'S MANUAL

GPP TROUBLESHOOTING

PROCEDURE #3: TEST GPP BOX

CONTROL CIRCUIT

F. Turn Percent of Range Control to 50%.

G. Switch output voltage selector switch to low range.

H. Switch the Emergency Shutdown Switch to OFF position

I. Start the Generator.

J. Switch the Emergency Shutdown Switch to the ON

K. The red light on the front panel should now be illuminated

L. If the red light is not illuminated and the amp meter indicates

(Caution: this is now the only on/off control for the GPP control box).(Fig. 3.3)

position.

and the amp meter should indicate amperage.

no amperage:

a. Generator off.

b. Check the light bulb.

c. Check the fuse on the GPP main circuit board.

d. Replace fuse if blown (Fig. 3.4). A blown fuse may

indicate a short circuit in power to Work Lights or Audio Alarm.

e. Disconnect Audio Alarm from GPP control box.

Fig.3.1

Fig.3.2

Fig.3.3

Fig.3.4

f. Test Booms individually for shorts due to damage

to insulation of cables using a Hi-pot tester.

Return to start of Procedure 3.

smith-root.com

M. If Red light and amp meter indicate output, go to

Procedure 4.

N. If no output indication then return GPP control box

to Smith-Root, Inc. for service.

ELECTROfISHING

BOATS

PROCEDURE #4: TEST THE GPP'S OUTPUT

WARNING – KEEP ALL PERSONNEL CLEAR OF BOOMS AND TEST LOAD WHILE GENERATOR RUNNING.

A. Maintain GPP settings from procedure #3.

B. Start Generator.

C. Switch the Emergency Shutdown Switch (1) to

the ON position.

2 1 3

F. Adjusting the percent of range (2) up to 100

percent will increase the amperage shown on the front panel meter.

G. Set the percent of range at 50 percent.

a. Switch the Mode switch (3) from

120 PPS to 60 PPS. The amperage should drop by 1/2.

Fig. 4.1

D. When the red light is on, the current meter

should show amperage and the seconds counter should be counting.

E. If there is no display in the seconds counter,

replace the “N” cell batteries in the counter

Fig. 4.2

b. Switch the Mode switch from 60

PPS to 30 PPS. The amperage should drop again by 1/2.

c. Switch the Mode switch from 30

PPS to 15 PPS. The amperage should drop again by 1/2.

d. Switch the Mode switch from 15

PPS to 7.5 PPS. The amperage should drop again by 1/2.

H. Switch the Emergency Shutdown Switch to the

OFF position.

I. Switch the voltage switch to the high range.

J. Return to C and retest settings in the High

Range.

IF NO OUTPUT, RETURN CONTROL BOX TO

SRI.

(the batteries should be replaced every 5 years). (Figure 4.2)

2007

PROCEDURE #5: TEST BOAT fOOTSWITCH CIRCUITS

Foot Sw.

GPP

GPP Control Strip

Foot Sw.

#11

#12

#13

#14

#15

120

VAC

120

TS-0

A. Turn Generator off.

B. Remove foot switch jumper from Procedure 3 from

TS-0 (pins 13 & 15). (Fig. 5.1).

C. Set foot switch control to “Separate”(Fig. 5.2).

D. Switch to “inactive”, the Command Center foot switch

and the Auxiliary foot switch from inside the front compartment of the console (Fig. 5.3).

USER'S MANUAL

GPP TROUBLESHOOTING

E. Start Generator.

F. Close each work deck foot switch circuit (push on

switch).

G. The red light should turn on.

H. Set the foot switch control to “BOTH”.

I. Close both of the bow foot switches at the same time.

J. The red light should turn on.

K. Switch the Command Center foot switch to

“ACTIVE.”

L. Close both of the Work Deck foot switches and the

Command Center foot switch.

M. The red light should turn on.

Foot switch problems can be caused by:

1. Misadjusted switch (try pushing on the switch directly with your nger).

Fig. 5.1

Fig. 5.2

2. Broken wire (this will need to be traced with an

3. Broken switch (try a jumper across the switch).

4. Incorrect Switch settings.

Ohmmeter).

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Fig. 5.3

ELECTROfISHING

Anode

Boom

Figure 1.2

Water

From Anode

Plastic Bucket

Aluminum Plate

From Cathode

Maximum GPP Amperage (2.5 - 5.0)

Model High Low

2.5

5.0

8 Amps

16 Amps

4 Amps

8 Amps

7.5 120 V 170 V 62.5 A

31.3 A

20.8 A

10.4 A

240 V

360 V

720 V

340 V

500 V

1000 V

150 A60 V 85 V

75 A120 V 170 V

37.5 A240 V 340 V

18.8 A480 V 680 V

9.0

Maximum GPP Amperage (7.5 - 9.0)

Model DCAC Amperage

! !

Cathode

Figure 1.3

BOATS

PROCEDURE #6: CONSTRUCT A TEST LOAD

Warning! – Keep all personnel clear of booms and test load

while generator is running!

1. Construct a test load using a plastic bucket with the metal handle removed (Fig. 1.1).

2. Connect the test load to the boat as shown (Figs.

1.2-1.3).

3. Add tap water to the bucket.

4. Set the “Mode Switch” on the GPP control box to AC & 120 PPS/ 60 AC.

5. Start the generator.

6. Control the GPP output with the Emergency Shut

Down switch or Footswitch.

7. By turning the percent of range control up to 100% and checking the amp meter on the GPP control box, the correct load can be determined. See

below

Fig. 6.1

8. The amp meter will increase to the maximum as

you turn up the Percent of Range.

9. The load may be increased by slowly adding table salt to the water in the bucket.

10. If the load is too great for the range selected, the GPP will operate erratically.

11. If the amp meter starts to show a decrease in

amps or is erratic as the percent of range nears

100%, the generator is overloading. The water may

need to be changed, or decrease the portions of electrodes immersed in the water .

Every effort should be made to keep all personnel away from test load bucket and booms.

Danger! High voltage is present during test load procedure.

It may be necessary to form a barricade around testing area and post

appropriate signs warning of high voltage.

Fig. 6.2

Fig. 6.3

2007

Frame Ground

Stator end with end cover removed

120VAC

GPP Control Strip

120VAC

Foot Sw.

TS-0

DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE

Generator Power to GPP Terminal Strip

GPP Grnd.

Buss Bar W/L Brkr

Batt. Chrgr.

GPP Power, Generator Power &

GPP Acc. Items Terminal Strip

DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE

GPP Contlr.

Cathode Array

Gen Grnd.

Relay Board

12 Vac

Dash Lights

Anode

Cathode

Strb. Boom

Port Boom

TS-1

Relay Board

Black 14 Black 10 Black 10 White 10 White 10

These wires white 14 ga.

GPP TROUBLESHOOTING

BOAT GENERATOR STATOR WIRING DIAGRAM:

5.0 AND 7.5 GPP

USER'S MANUAL

Generator Terminals

1 - 2 = 115 Volts @ 1250 VA Respectively through 11 - 12 = 115 Volts @ 1250 VA

(Pairings of Odd # on Left & Even # on Right.)

Output @ Binding Posts

Black wires 12 Volts @ 500 VA White wires 12 Volts @ 500 VA

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ELECTROfISHING BOATS

STANDARD BOATING RULES

ELECTROfISHING

BOATS

Standards Boating Rules Contents:

Right-Of-Way

Buoys and Other Markers

Lightning and Thunderstorm Protection

Guide to Personal Thunderstorm Protection

.................................................................................................................................33

...............................................................................................................34

.........................................................................................35

...................................................................................38

2007

RIGHT-Of-WAY

USER'S MANUAL

STANDARD BOATING RULES

Meeting: If you are meeting another power vessel head on, and are close enough to run the risk of collision, neither of you has the right-of-way! Both of you should alter course to avoid an accident. You should keep the other vessel on

your port (left) side. This rule doesn't apply if both of you

will clear one another if you continue on your set course and speed.

Crossing: When two power driven vessels are crossing each

other's path close enough to run the risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on the starboard (right) side must keep out

of the way of the other. If the other vessel is on your right,

you must keep out of its way; you are the Give-Way vessel. If the other vessel is on your port (left) side, remember that

you should maintain course and direction, provided the other vessel gives you the right-of-way as it should.

Overtaking: If you are passing another vessel, you are

the "Give-Way" vessel. This means that the other vessel is expected to maintain its course and speed. You must stay out

of its way until you are clear of it. Likewise, if another vessel is passing you, you should maintain your speed and direction so that the other vessel can steer itself around you.

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ELECTROfISHING

BOATS

OTHER SPECIAL SITUATIONS

There are three other rules you need to know when driving your boat around other vessels.

Narrow channels and bends: When navigating in narrow channels, you should keep to the right when it is safe and practical to do so. If the operator of a power-driven vessel is preparing to go around a bend that may obstruct the view of other water vessels, the operator should sound a prolonged

blast on the whistle (4 to 6 seconds). If another vessel is

around the bend, it too should sound the whistle. Even if no reply is heard, however, the vessel should still proceed around the bend with caution. If you navigate such waters with your boat, you must carry a portable air horn available from local marine supply stores.

Fishing vessel right-of-way: All vessels which are shing with nets, lines or trawls are considered to be "shing vessels" under the International Rules. Vessels with trolling lines are not considered shing vessels. Fishing vessels

have the right-of-way regardless of position. Fishing vessels cannot, however, impede the passage of other vessels in narrow channels.

Sailing vessel right-of-way: Sailing vessels should

normally be given the right-of-way. The exceptions to this

are:

1. When the sailing vessel is overtaking the power-driven

vessel, the power-driven vessel has the right-of-way.

2. Sailing vessels should keep clear of any shing vessel.

3. In a narrow channel, a sailing vessel should not hamper the safe passage of a power-driven vessel which can navigate only in such a channel.

Reading buoys and other markers: The waters of the United States are marked for safe navigation by the lateral system of buoyage. Simply put, buoys and markers have an arrangement of shapes, colors, numbers and lights to show which side of the buoy a boater should pass on when navigating in a particular direction. The markings on these buoys are oriented from the perspective of being entered

from seaward (the boater is going towards the port). This means red buoys are passed on the starboard (right) side

when proceeding from open water into port, and black buoys

are to the port (left) side. When navigating out of port, your position with respect to the buoys should be reversed; red

buoys should be to port and black buoys to starboard.

Many bodies of water used by boaters are entirely within the boundaries of a particular state. The Uniform State Waterway Marking System has been devised for these waters. This system uses buoys and signs with distinctive shapes and colors to show regulatory or advisory information. These markers are white with black letters and orange boarders. They signify speed zones, restricted areas, danger areas, and general information.

Remember, markings may vary by geographic location. Always consult local boating authorities before driving your boat in unfamiliar waters.

2007

LIGHTNING AND THUNDERSTORM PROTECTION fOR SAILBOATS, POWER BOATS, SMALL BOATS AND SHIPS.

1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES

USER'S MANUAL

LIGHTNING PROTECTION

Successful protection of persons and watercraft from lightning is dependent upon a combination of proper design and maintenance of equipment, and on crew behavior. Proper design is covered in this and following sections. Maintenance of equipment and personnel behavior is also covered. In view of the wide variation in structural design

of boats, specic recommendations cannot be made for all

cases. However, basic guidelines should be considered and used in designing and installing a lightning protection system for any given craft.

A grounded conductor or lightning protective mast will generally divert itself to direct hits which might otherwise

fall within a cone-shaped space, the apex of which is the top

of the conductor or lightning protective mast and the base is a circle at the surface of the water having a radius related to

the height. For a mast height not exceeding 50 ft., (15 m) above the water, this radius is approximately equal to the

mast height.

To provide an adequately grounded conductor or lightning protective mast, the entire circuit from the top of the mast to the ground should have a conductivity not less than that

of a No.8 AWG copper conductor and the path to ground

followed by the conductor should be essentially straight. To remove all known risk of melting the conductor while

carrying lightning current, conductivity equal to No.6 AWG or no. 4 AWG copper would be necessary. However, the risk in using No.8 AWG is considered adequately small in the

applications under consideration, and in many cases will be mitigated by the presence of electrically paralleling stays. This statement should not be interpreted as permitting the

use of conductors of conductivity less than that of No. 8 AWG copper.

If there are metal objects of considerable size within a few feet of the grounding conductor, there will be a

strong tendency for sparks or sideashes to jump from the

grounding conductor to the metal object at the closest point.

To prevent damage from such sideashes, an interconnecting

conductor at least equal to no. 8 AWG copper should be

provided at all places where they are likely to occur. Large metallic objects that are not part of the electrical system of the boat and that are not already grounded due to their own functional or other requirements may be grounded to the ground plate, provided that it is not practical to interconnect with the lightning conductor or bonding systems.

Lightning protection provisions are quite likely to receive scant attention after installation and therefore their composition and assembly should be strong and materials used should be highly resistant to corrosion.

2 INSTALLATION RECOMMENDATIONS

Lightning Protective Mast. A lightning protective mast should be of adequate height and should be mechanically

strong in order to withstand exposure to use and weather.

If the mast is of nonconducting material, the associated lightning or grounded conductor should be essentially

straight, securely fastened to the mast, should extend at least 6 in. (150 mm) above the mast, should preferably terminate

in a receiving point, should be led as directly as practical to the grounding connection.

Radio Antenna. A radio antenna may serve as a lightning protective mast provided it has conductivity equivalent to

No. 8 AWG copper and is equipped with lightning arresters,

lightning protective gaps, or means for grounding during electrical storms. The grounding of metal rod-type radio

antennas constitutes sufcient protection for wooden boats,

without masts or spars, provided the following conditions are met:

The antenna and all conductors in the grounding circuit of

the antenna have a conductivity equivalent to No.8 AWG

copper.

The top of the antenna is not more than 50 ft. (15m) above

the water, and a line drawn from the top of the antenna

downward toward the water at an angle of 45 degrees to the

vertical does not intercept any part of the boat.

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ELECTROfISHING

BOATS

Because a loading coil presents a high impedance to the

ow of lightning current, the portion of an antenna above

the bottom of a loading coil is not effective as a lightning protective mast unless the coil is provided with a suitable protective device for bypassing the lightning current.

Nonconducting antenna masts with spirally wrapped conductors are not considered suitable for lightning protection purposes.

3 MATERIALS

The materials used in the making of a protective system should be resistant to corrosion. The use of combinations of metals that form galvanic or electrolytic couples should be avoided.

In those cases where it is impractical to avoid a junction of dissimilar metals, the corrosion effects can reduce the use of suitable platings or special connectors, available

for such purposes. Except for the

use of conducting materials that are otherwise part of the structure of the boat, only copper should be used as the conductor. Where copper is used, it should be of the grade ordinarily required for commercial electrical work, generally designated

as being 98 percent conductivity when annealed.

Figure 2. Diagrams the zone of protection provided by a grounded mast or antenna not more than 50 ft (15 m) above the water. This protective zone is largely immune to direct strokes of lightning. No part of the vessel to be protected should extend outside the zone of protection. Thus in the cabin cruiser illustrated, adequate lightning protection is afforded only by the grounded antenna equipped with a lightning arrester or gap on the coil.

Copper Conductor. Copper cable conductors should be of

a diameter not less than No.8 AWG. The size of any strand of cable should be not less than No. 17 AWG. The thickness

of any copper ribbon or strip should not be less than No. 20 AWG. Where other materials are used, the gauge should be such as to give conductivity equal to or greater than No. 8 AWG stranded copper cable.

Joints. Joints should be mechanically strong and should be so made that they have an electrical resistance not in

excess of that of 2 ft (0.6 m) of

conductor.

4. INTERCONNECTION OF METALLIC MASSES

Metallic masses aboard boats that are a permanent part of the boat or are permanently installed within or about it and whose function would not be seriously affected by grounding

should, with exception of

those of comparatively small size, be made a part of the lightning conductor system by interconnection with it.

The object of interconnecting the metal parts of a boat with the conductor is to prevent

damage from sideashes,

especially in the case of many metal objects that are nearby. The main principle to be observed in the prevention

of such damage is to identify on a boat the places where

sideashes are most likely to occur and to provide metallic

paths for them.

To minimize ow of lightning discharge current through

engine bearings, it may be preferable to bond engine blocks directly to the ground plate rather than to an intermediate point on the lightning conductor.

EXTERIOR BODIES OF METAL

Metal situated wholly on the exterior of boats should be

electrically connected to the grounding conductor.

Exterior metal bodies on boats include any large masses such

2007

USER'S MANUAL

LIGHTNING PROTECTION

as horizontal handrails on cabin tops, smoke stacks from galley stoves, davits, or metal signal masts.

INTERIOR BODIES OF METAL

Metal situated wholly in the interior of boats and which at

any point comes within 6 ft (1.8 m) of a lightning conductor

should be electrically interconnected with this lightning conductor.

Interior bodies of metal include engines, water and gasoline tanks, and control rods for steering gear or reversing gear. It is not intended that small metal objects such as compasses, clocks, galley stoves, medicine chests, and other parts of the

boat’s hardware be grounded.

Metal that projects through cabin tops, decks or sides of boats above the sheer should be bonded to the nearest lightning conductor at the point where the metal emerges

from the boat and should be grounded at its lower or extreme

end within the boat.

Radio transmitter antennas should be (a) equipped with means for grounding during electrical storms or (b)

transmitters and antennas should be protected by lightning arresters or lightning protective gaps.

Ground Connection. A ground connection for a boat may consist of any metal surface that is normally submerged in

the water and that has an area of 1 square foot (0.093 m2).

Propellers and metallic rudder surfaces may be used for this purpose. The ground plate as required by the Federal Communications Commission for radio transmitters should be considered adequate. A metal hull itself constitutes an adequate ground.

Vessels with Metal Hulls. If there is an electrical contact between metal hulls and metal masts or other metallic superstructure of adequate height to meet the recommendations of Section 2, no further protection against lightning is necessary. Boats with ungrounded or nonconducting objects projecting above the metal masts or superstructure should have these objects grounded or protected with a grounded conductor, respectively, in order to protect them.

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PROTECTION OF SAILBOATS (NONMETALLIC)

Sailboats. Sailboats with metallic standing rigging will be adequately protected provided that all rigging is grounded, so that the mast and rigging meet the recommendations of Sections 2 and 3.

Open Day-Sailors. Open sailboats will be adequately protected if any shrouds, backstays, or preventors, and any continuous metallic track on the mast and boom are grounded. These should be electrically connected at the lower or forward end and grounded to a copper plate on the hull or to a metal rudder, centerboard, or keel.

Cruising Sailboats. All stays and all sail tracks should be grounded on cruising sailboats since it is assumed that

persons will be in proximity of fore-stays as well as afterstays. Grounding of other objects on cruising boats should

be in accordance with the foregoing subsections.

PROTECTION OF POWER BOATS (NONMETALLIC)

Power boats may be adequately protected by a grounded radio antenna and other suitable grounded lightning protective mast provided the height of the mast meets the recommendations for the zone of protection in Figure 2. Interconnection and grounding of metallic masses should be in accordance with previous materials.

Where the size of the boat is such as to render the use of a single mast impractical, additional lightning protective masts should be erected to form overlapping zones of protection.

Protection of Small Boats. Small boats may be protected by means of a temporary lightning protective mast which may be erected when lightning conditions are observed in

the distance. Grounding provisions may be made by means of exible copper wire and a submerged ground plate of at least 1 sq ft (0.093 m2) in area.

PROTECTION OF SHIPS

Ships almost invariably are constructed with steel masts, spars, superstructures, hulls, smokestacks, and shrouds and the array of masts, stacks, and radio antennas usually provide the zones of protection recommended in Figure

2. Therefore, ships and personnel aboard them are usually inherently protected against the effects of lightning. In those

ELECTROfISHING

BOATS

cases where adequate zones of protection are lacking, they should be corrected, if accomplished by changes in number or height of masts, or by shielding wires suspended between masts.

Fiberglass or wooden hulled sailing ships should be

protected in accordance with Section 1, except that

grounding and bonding conductors should have conductivity

not less than that of No.4 AWG copper wire, and the copper

grounding plate below the light water line should have an

area not less than 36 square feet (3.3m2).

Precautions for Personnel

Inasmuch as the basic purpose of protection against lightning is to ensure the safety of personnel, it is appropriate that the following precautions and suggestions be listed in addition to all applicable recommendations already covered.

One should remain inside a closed boat, as far as practical, during a lightning storm, and should not dangle arms or legs in the water.

To the extent consistent with safe handling and navigation of

the boat during a lightning storm, one should avoid making contact with any items connected to a lightning protection system and especially in such a way as to bridge between

these items. For example, it is undesirable that an operator

be in contact with reversing gear levers and spotlight control handle at once.

No one should be in the water during a lightning storm.

GUIDE fOR PERSONAL SAfETY DURING THUNDERSTORMS

1. The purpose of this information is to furnish a guide for

personal safety during thunderstorms.

Personal Conduct

Do not go out-of-doors or remain out during thunderstorms unless it is necessary. Seek shelter as follows:

If possible, avoid the following places, which offer little or no protection from lightning:

(a) Dwellings or other buildings that are protected against

lightning

(b) Underground shelters such as subways, tunnels, caves.

(d) Large unprotected buildings

(e) Enclosed automobiles, buses, and other vehicles with

metal tops and bodies

(f) Enclosed metal trains and street cars.

(g) Enclosed metal boats or ships

(h) Boats that are protected against lightning.

(i) City streets that may be shielded by nearby buildings

(a) small, unprotected buildings, barns, sheds, etc.

(b) Tents and temporary shelters

(d) Trailers (nonmetal or open)

Maintenance suggestions

One should not have a whip-type radio antenna tied down during a lightning storm if it has been designed as part of the lightning protective system.

If a boat has been struck by lightning, compasses and electrical gear should be checked to determine whether damage or change in calibration has taken place.

Certain locations are extremely hazardous during

thunderstorms and should be avoided if at all possible. Approaching thunderstorms should be anticipated and the following locations avoided when storms are in the immediate vicinity:

(a) Hilltops and ridges

(b) Areas on top of buildings

(c)Open elds, athletic elds, golf courses

(d) parking lots and tennis courts

(e) swimming pools, lakes and seashores

2007

(f) Near wire fences, clotheslines, overhead wires and

railroad tracks

(g) Under isolated trees

(h) Avoid use of or contact with electrical appliances,

telephones, and plumbing xtures)

In the above locations, it is especially hazardous to be riding in or on any of the following during lightning storms:

(a) Open tractors or other farm machinery operated in open

elds

(b) Golf carts, scooters, bicycles, or motorcycles

(d) Automobiles (nonmetal top or open)

USER'S MANUAL

LIGHTNING PROTECTION

It may not be possible to always choose a location that offers good protection from lightning. Follow these rules when there is a choice in selecting locations:

(a) Seek depressed areas - avoid hilltops and high places.

(b) Seek dense woods - avoid isolated trees.

unprotected buildings and shelters in high areas.

(d) If you are hopelessly isolated in an exposed area and you

feel your hair stand on end, indicating that lightning is imminent, crouch down, keeping your feet together and

arms in.

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ELECTROfISHING SAfETY

SAfE fISHING

Electroshing equipment uses voltages and currents that

can be lethal to humans. The operators must always keep in mind that the chance of receiving an electrical shock is multiplied in or near water. Using an electrofisher

is like using a rearm: if used properly and with good judgment it is perfectly safe; lose respect for it and you

can lose your life!

Electrical equipment used in a moist eld environment

is always subject to deterioration that could lead to dangerous electrical shock. Field equipment is also subjected to vibration and impact during transporting and while in operation. Often equipment shared by different crews does not receive proper maintenance or a complete checkout. Follow the safety guidelines, and use good common sense to handle unforeseen circumstances. All personnel involved in electrofishing should be taught the fundamentals of electricity, and have an understanding of the safety requirements.

The most important factor in electroshing efciency and safety is the training and experience of the crew. At least two members of the crew should be qualied to

administer cardiopulmonary resuscitation. As oppor tunities arise, all crew members should attend a course in basic life-support training.

ELECTRICAL SHOCK

It is the current that passes through the human body that does the damage. The voltage is relevant, because it is

the force that “pushes” the current through the body. Experiments show that 20 to 500 Hz AC current is more

dangerous than DC, or higher frequencies of AC.

The voltages used by electroshing gear cause death by

one of three means:

Ventricular Fibrillation

Ventricular brillation is uncoordinated contraction of

the muscles of the heart. The heart quivers rather than beats. Electrical current through the chest can cause this condition. Once a person goes into ventricular

USER'S MANUAL

ELECTROfISHING SAfETY

brillation, the only way to stop the quivering is to use a debrillator that applies a pulse shock to the chest to

restore heart rhythm. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation may

help to keep a victim alive until he can be debrillated.

Respiratory Arrest

The respiratory center is at the base of the skull. Thus, shocks to the head can cause the breathing to stop. Artificial respiration by the mouth-to-mouth method should be used in this case.

Asphyxia

Asphyxia is caused by contraction of the chest muscles.

When a current is above a certain level, a person cannot let go of an electrically hot wire. Currents above this level may not cause ventricular fibrillation, but may be enough to cause contraction of the chest muscles. If the current is not stopped, or the victim is not removed

from the point of electrical contact, asphyxia will result. Articial respiration or cardiopulmonary resuscitation

may be necessary.

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ELECTROfISHING

BOATS

PREVENTING ELECTRICAL SHOCK

Electricity needs to have a complete electrical circuit

in order for current to ow. The only way that you can

get shocked is if you become the electrical conductor to complete the circuit. The current flows from the cathode to the anode through the water. The water is the electrical conductor. If you touched both the anode and the cathode you would become an electrical conductor and complete the circuit path and get a severe electrical shock. If you were to touch only one of the electrodes, you would not complete the electrical circuit and not get shocked.

WARNING: Touching any electrode is not recommended. Unless all conductive objects you come into contact with are connected to the same electrode,

you will be shocked to nd a current path that is not

obvious, e.g., the water, or the boat.

Preventing electrical shock means preventing electrical

current from entering and owing through parts of the

body. The skin is a partial but variable barrier, because it offers resistance to the passage of electrical current. Tough skin has more resistance than tender skin, and dry skin more than wet skin. But tough dry skin alone does

not offer enough protection for electroshing. Rubber lineman’s gloves, rated 5,000V minimum should always

be worn. Even while wearing rubber gloves and waders, never touch an electrode while the circuit is energized. Do not work on the electrical system while the generator is running. Do not enter the water while the current is on during boom shocking operations.

A severe electrical shock from electroshing gear may result in the need for articial respiration; therefore, it is

imperative that no one ever works alone.

To prevent electrical shock, all electrical equipment should be carefully inspected before each field operation. With all electrical equipment in good operating condition, and all insulation, junction boxes,

bonding, and connections intact, there is much less danger of receiving an electrical shock.

PLANNING fOR SAfETY

1. Never electrosh alone! A minimum of two properly trained people is required for every electroshing

crew.

2. A crew leader shall be appointed for all electroshing.

The crew leader is responsible for the safety of the crew, and the enforcement of all safety regulations.

3. The crew leader, and at least one additional crew member, shall receive training in cardiopulmonary

resuscitation (CPR), and First Aid.

4. All electroshing personnel shall receive training in

fundamentals of electricity and safety.

5. Check your electrosher before each operation, to

ensure that it is in good working order.

6. Turn off your electrofisher before making any

connections or part replacements.

7. When not in use, and when transporting the unit,

disconnect the power supply.

8. Check that the electrosher gives an audible signal

when there is voltage present at the anode.

9. Do not make any field modifications to your electrofisher without written approval from the

manufacturer or a qualied electrical engineer.

10. Use only dip nets with insulated handles.

11. Wear personal otation devices.

12. Wear lineman’s gloves, rated 5,000V minimum.

13. Never reach into the water in vicinity of an electrode,

even if rubber gloves are being worn.

14. Take frequent breaks. Stress and fatigue endanger

the crew.

15. Practice the quick release system as shown on page C-6.

2007

BOAT SAfETY

1. Ground the generator to the boat hull.

2. Be sure that all the metal parts on the boat are bonded to each other electrically.

3. Run all cables through electrical conduit, or use a heavy-duty rubber-covered cord recommended for wet locations.

4. Make all electrical connections in water-tight junction boxes.

5. Each dip netter should have his own foot switch

to control the output. The switch should be wired in series with the emergency off switch of the boat operator.

6. When wading with a boat, even in shallow water,

chest waders should be worn. An operator may trip, end up in a kneeling or sitting position in the water and receive a shock.

7. All crew members must be alert. Operators who

control the power switch must be constantly aware of

the netters in the electrical eld.

USER'S MANUAL

ELECTROfISHING SAfETY

DO’S AND DON’TS

DO’S:

1. Always be sure that all personnel are clear of the

electrodes before turning on the power.

2. Know how to administer first aid treatment for electrical shock.

3. Wear otation devices.

4. Have electrical circuits checked only by qualified

technicians.

5. Disconnect the power supply when the electrosher

is not in use.

DON’TS:

1. Don’t electrosh alone!

2. Don’t continue to electrosh if your boots or gloves

get wet inside.

3. Don’t operate an electrosher if you have had any

prior heart ailments.

4. Don’t operate generators without covers or screens.

5. Don’t operate generators without a spark arrester.

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ELECTROfISHING

Electrode

Water

Electrical Field

Voltage Source

Electrode

012345678910

Volts

012345678910

Volts

b. Fish more conductive c. Water more conductive

100mm

012345678910

Volts

5.3V

a. Equal conductivities

53mm

BOATS

ELECTROfISHING PRINCIPLES

For many years it has been known that fish react to electric current passed through water. Electricity was

first used for fishing in 1863 when a British patent

was granted. Major efforts to apply electricity as a

tool in sheries management did not occur until after

1950. Since then detailed studies have been made

on the physiological effects of electricity on aquatic organisms.

RESPONSE Of fISH TO ELECTRICITY

To collect sh by electrical means we must create an electried zone of sufcient amplitude to stun sh. In the basic electroshing circuit, shown in Figure 10, a current is passed between submerged electrodes. A sh

between these electrodes forms part of a closed circuit

and some current ows through its body. The effectiveness of the electrosher is affected by nine

factors: voltage, electrode shape, water conductivity,

water temperature, conductivity of the stream bed, sh’s distance, size, species, and time in the eld.

If these environmental factors are too far out of line, poor

electroshing will result. To some extent, the effects of

changes in water conductivity may be compensated for by changing the output voltage.

WATER CONDUCTIVITY

The conductivity of the water and that of the sh’s esh are the factors that affect electroshing most.

The conductivity of water depends on the quantity of dissolved salts and minerals in the water. The

Figure 10. The basic electroﬁshing circuit.

conductivity of potable waters in the United States ranges

from 20 to 2,000 microSiemens/centimeter. Sufcient current at realistic power levels will ow through water in this range to electrosh successfully. Figure 11 illustrates the field patterns caused by the presence of a sh in water. In (a) no distortion is caused by the presence of the sh. In low conductivity water, (b), the distortion of the electric eld is such that the voltage near the sh is less than it was before the sh was present. The reverse is true in (c) where the water conductivity is more than that of the sh. In this case

the distortion is caused by the current concentrating in

the water surrounding the sh. In both (b) and (c) not as much power is transferred into the sh’s body as in (a).

Figure 11. Electric ﬁeld patterns caused by ﬁsh.

2007

USER'S MANUAL

ELECTROfISHING PRINCIPLES

LOW CONDUCTIVITY WATER

Distilled water is a very good insulator. It has a

conductivity range of 0.5 to 5.0 microSiemens/cc. If a

normal voltage is applied in distilled water, very little

current will ow. Power ow is too low to be effective for electroshing.

The current passing through a fish decreases as the

power ow decreases. To get the same response from sh, the current can be maintained by either increasing

the voltage, or by keeping the resistance low.

If a higher voltage is used, up to 1,200 volts may be

necessary. High voltages create three problems: special electrical equipment is required, safety is reduced for

the operators and conditions are lethal for sh close to

electrodes. The resistance can be kept low by increasing the size of the electrodes. The only limitations to this are the availability of larger electrodes, and the weight of electrode that can be handled by the operator.

HIGH CONDUCTIVITY WATER

High conductivity is over 2,000 microSiemens/cc. If a high voltage is applied, most current will ow easily through the water and the sh will hardly be affected.

The electric current follows the path of least resistance and bypasses the fish completely. Therefore, use low

voltages and high currents. Currents as high as 60 amps

are common, the limiting factor being the rating of the power-supply. Some brackish water and industrial waste water have

conductivities over 10,000 microSiemens per centimeter.

Here smaller power-supplies are unable to deliver

enough power to stun sh. Waters in this range can only be electroshed effectively with the larger model GPPs. The Smith-Root 7.5 GPP outputs 62 amps through 8 gauge stranded cables. This unit can stun large sh in the interface between fresh and salt water. For example,

Striped Bass can be stunned for taking brood stock. Theoretically, high conductivity could be dealt with by using smaller electrodes, but this would reduce the range and also create damaging current densities near the anode.

fISH CONDUCTIVITY

A sh will receive the maximum shock through its body

when the conductivity of the water is the same as the

conductivity of the fish’s flesh. Unfortunately, this is

rarely the case.

Fish flesh conductivity ranges from 500 to 1,500

microSiemens per centimeter. Each species has a different conductivity. This affects their susceptibility to electric current.

Con ductivities for some sh species are: Trout 1,220 microSiemens/centimeter Perch 1,089 microSiemens/centimeter Carp 870 microSiemens/centimeter Grudgeon 814 microSiemens/centimeter E. Halsband - Vilbert 1967

fISH SIzE

Among sh of the same species, the larger sh are more

sensitive to electrical currents. Fish absorb power as a function of body surface area. This is important to

remember if you are shocking for small sh and large sh are also present. The large sh are going to receive a much greater shock than the small sh.

TEMPERATURE

Water conductivity and effective fish conductivity increase with higher temperature. Con ductivities reported for Carp:

5° 372 microSiemens/centimeter 10° 543 microSiemens/centimeter 15° 714 microSiemens/centimeter 20° 1,026 microSiemens/centimeter 25° 1,969 microSiemens/centimeter Whitney and Pierce 1957

SUBSTRATE

Certain bottom substrates will conduct electrical current.

These weaken the electric eld in the water, making sh

capture less effective.

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ELECTROfISHING

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ADJUSTING THE VOLTAGE

By adjusting the output voltage, the effects of the water’s conductivity on electroshing can be reduced. The current owing through the water is directly related

to the voltage applied. The higher the voltage, the greater the current will be. When adjusting the output voltage, the major consideration is the power being used. This is especially

true for battery powered electroshers. Power is equal to the voltage multiplied by the current. When guring the power for an electrosher, the fact that it is usually

putting out pulsed DC must be taken into consideration. The instantaneous power during a pulse may be quite

high, but if the electrosher is only producing pulses at a 25% duty cycle, the average power would be approximately 25% of the instantaneous power.

fIELD TECHNIqUES

An operator engaged in electrofishing must wade or float, depending upon the depth and swiftness of the water.

WADING

In shallow, slow-moving waters the operators can wade and probe the anode into likely fish habitat. Wading upstream eliminates the effects of turbidity caused by bottom sediment. Furthermore, if collections are for food habitat study, stunned prey are not swept downstream and consumed by predators. Fish that manage to escape are often captured a short distance downstream. Closing a stream with seine nets at each end of the study area

helps prevent the loss of stunned and frightened sh.

BOATS

Boat electroshers are used in lakes and in streams that

are too deep or swift to wade. Boats have the advantage of being able to carry large generators and holding tanks

for the stunned sh. Electroshing boats typically have two insulated booms extending from the bow. From

the end of the booms electrodes hang into the water. Usually one boom is used as the anode and the other as the cathode. The boat operator guides the boat while

the electroshing crew activates the electrosher when

approaching likely habitat.

NIGHT fISHING

Electrofishing at night with lights is five to ten times

more effective than daytime shing, especially in lakes. In streams the reection of the spotlight on the rufed

surface makes the fish difficult to see. Boats have floodlights on the bow to attract the fish and to help

locate stunned sh.

SURPRISE

Collecting can be enhanced by introducing the element

of surprise through intermittent shing. The intensity of the anode’s peripheral eld often frightens sh, causing

them to bolt and hide. Do not work with the power on continuously, but turn it on only in likely habitats. Fish can be enticed from under areas of heavy cover or ice by inserting a portable anode, turning the power on, and withdrawing the anode slowly and smoothly. Fish will

follow the anode, under the inuence of galvanotaxis,

into the open where they can be netted.

CLARITY AND DEPTH

Clarity of the water limits the ease of capturing fish. The length of the dip net handles and the visibility of the fish limit the depth of effective electrofishing. In general, waters over ten feet deep cannot be sampled

effectively. For daytime shing, polarized sunglasses helps in locating stunned sh.

VEGETATION

Aquatic vegetation grows better from certain substrates

and can hinder electroshing by fouling electrodes and entangling stunned sh.

WATER VELOCITY

Electroshing in owing water is not as effective as in still water, since sh are swept away from the electric

field and netting is more difficult. Also, it is more

difcult to see a sh in fast owing water, and operators can lose their footing. Flows greater than 5 feet per second usually produce poor electroshing efciencies.

2007

USER'S MANUAL

REfERENCES

The following are books, research papers, and other references on various aspects of electroshing. The ideas and ndings presented in them form the basis for much of the current practice in electroshing.

1. Bryan R. Cowdell and Richard A. Valdez, 1994 “Effects of Pulsed DC Electroshing on Adult Roundtail Chub from the Colorado River in Colorado,” North American Journal of Fisheries Management. Vol. 14

2. I. G. Cowx and P. Lamarque, 1990 “Fishing With

Electricity—Applications in Freshwater Fisheries

Management,” Fishing News Books, Blackwell Scientic Publications Ltd. ISBN 0-85238-167-0

3. I. G. Cowx, 1990 “Developments in Electroshing,” Fishing News Books, Blackwell Scientic Publications Ltd. ISBN 0-85238-166-2

4. N.G. Sharber and S.W. Carothers, 1988 “Inuence of Electroshing Pulse Shape on Spinal Injuries in Adult Rainbow Trout,” North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 8: 117-122

7. D. E. Snyder and S. A. Johnson, 1991 “Indexed Bibliography of Electroshing Literature,” Larval Fish

Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado

8. M. Burridge and G. Goodchild, 1988 “A Bibliography of Electroshing,” Ministry of Natural Resources, Fisheries Branch, Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

9. Alec G. Maule and Matthew G. Mesa, 1994 “Efcacy of Electroshing to Assess Plasma Cortisol Concentration in

Juvenile Chinook Salmon passing Hydroelectric Dams on

the Columbia River,” North American Journal of Fisheries Management. Vol. 14

10. N.G. Sharber, S.W. Carothers, J.P. Sharber, J.C. DeVos, D.A. House, 1994 “Reducing Electroshing-Induced Injury of Rainbow Trout,” North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 14

5. Michael A. Bozek and Frank J. Rahel, 1991 “Comparison of Streamside Visual Counts to Electroshing Estimates of Colorado River Cutthroat Trout Fry and Adults,” North American Journal of Fisheries Management. Vol. 11

6. D. W. Novotny and G. R. Priegel, 1971 “A Guideline for Portable Direct Current Electroshing Systems,” Technical Bulletin No. 5l, Department of Natural

Resources, Madison, Wisconsin

11. Jeffery C. Barnet and Gary D. Grossman, 1988 “Effects

smith-root.com

of Direct Current Electroshing on the Mottled Sculpin,” North American Journal of Fisheries Management. Vol. 8

WARRANTY

Smith-Root, Inc. original products have a One Year Limited Warranty.

Smith-Root, Inc. warrants that its Products are free from defects in material and workmanship that result in Product failure during normal usage, according to the following terms and conditions:

1. The limited warranty for the Product extends for the length of ownership beginning on the date of the purchase of the Product by the original purchaser (“Consumer”) of the Product and is not assignable or transferable to any subsequent purchaser or user.

2. The limited warranty extends only to Consumers who purchase the Product from Smith-Root, Inc. or an authorized distributor.

3. During the 1-year limited warranty period, Smith-Root, Inc. will repair, or replace, at Smith-Root, Inc.’s sole option, any defective parts, or any parts that will

not properly operate for their intended use with new or refurbished replacement items if such repair or replacement is needed because of product malfunction or failure during normal usage. No charge will be made to the Consumer for any such parts. Smith-Root, Inc. will also pay for the labor charges incurred by Smith-Root, Inc. in repairing or replacing the defective parts. The limited warranty does not cover defects in appearance, cosmetic, labels or structural items,

including framing and any non-operative parts. Smith-Root, Inc.’s limit of liability under the limited warranty shall be the actual cash value of the Product at

the time the Consumer returns the Product for repair, determined by the price paid by the Consumer for the Product less a reasonable amount for usage. Smith-

Root, Inc. shall not be liable for any other losses or damages. These remedies are the Consumer

4. Upon request from Smith-Root, Inc., the Consumer must prove the date of the original purchase of the Product by a dated bill of sale or dated itemized

receipt.

5. The Consumer shall bear the cost of shipping the Product to Smith-Root, Inc. Smith-Root, Inc. shall bear the cost of shipping the Product back to the

Consumer after the completion of service under this limited warranty.

6. The Consumer shall have no coverage or benets under this limited warranty if any of the following conditions are applicable: a) The Product has been subjected to abnormal use, abnormal conditions, improper storage, exposure to moisture or dampness, unauthorized modications,

unauthorized connections, unauthorized repair, misuse, neglect, abuse, accident, alteration, improper installation, or other acts which are not the fault of SmithRoot, Inc., including damage caused by shipping.

b) The product has been damaged from external causes such as collision with an object, or from re, ooding, sand, dirt, windstorm, lightning, earthquake or damage from exposure to weather conditions, an Act of God, or battery leakage, theft, blown fuse, or improper use of any electrical source, or damage caused

by the connection to other products not recommended for interconnection by Smith-Root, Inc.

c) Smith-Root, Inc. was not advised in writing by the Consumer of the alleged defect or malfunction of the Product within fteen (15) days after the expiration

of the applicable limited warranty period. d) The Product serial number plate or the accessory data code has been removed, defaced or altered.

7. If a problem develops during the limited warranty period, the Consumer shall take the following step-by-step procedure:

a) The Consumer shall return the Product to Smith-Root, Inc. for repair or replacement processing. b) The Consumer contacts the Customer Service Department at Smith-Root, Inc., at the number listed on the bottom of this page, for repair or replacement processing.

c) The Consumer shall ship the Product prepaid and insured. Expenses related to removing the Product from an installation are not covered under this limited

warranty.

d) The Consumer will be billed for any parts or labor charges not covered by this limited warranty. The Consumer will be responsible for any expenses related

to reinstallation of the Product.

e) Smith-Root, Inc. will repair the Product under the limited warranty within 30 days after receipt of the Product. If Smith-Root, Inc. cannot perform repairs covered under this limited warranty within 30 days, or after a reasonable number of attempts to repair the same defect, Smith-Root, Inc. at its sole option, will

provide a replacement Product or refund the purchase price of the Product less a reasonable amount for usage. f) If the Product is returned during the limited warranty period, but the problem with the Product is not covered under the terms and conditions of this limited

warranty, the Consumer will be notied and given an estimate of the charges the Consumer must pay to have the Product repaired, with all shipping charges billed to the Consumer. If the estimate is refused, the Product will be returned freight collect. If the Product is returned after the expiration of the limited warranty period, Smith-Root, Inc.’s normal service policies shall apply and the Consumer will be responsible for all shipping charges.

8. The Product consists of newly assembled equipment that may contain used components that have been reprocessed to allow machine compliance with Product performance and reliability specications.

9. ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, SHALL BE LIMITED TO

THE DURATION OF THE FOREGOING LIMITED WRITTEN WARRANTY. OTHERWISE, THE FOREGOING LIMITED WARRANTY IS THE CONSUMER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. SMITH-ROOT, INC. SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF ANTICIPATED BENEFITS OR PROFITS, LOSS OF SAVINGS OR REVENUE, PUNITIVE DAMAGES, LOSS OF USE OF THE PRODUCT OR ANY

ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT, COST OF CAPITAL, COST OF ANY SUBSTITUTE EQUIPMENT OR FACILITIES, DOWNTIME, THE CLAIMS OF

ANY THIRD PARTIES, INCLUDING CUSTOMERS and INJURY TO PROPERTY, RESULTING FROM THE PURCHASE OR USE OF THE PRODUCT OR ARISING FROM BREACH OF THE WARRANTY, BREACH OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL OR EQUITABLE THEORY, EVEN IF SMITH-ROOT, INC. KNEW OF THE LIKELIHOOD OF SUCH DAMAGES. SMITH-ROOT, INC. SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR DELAY IN RENDERING SERVICE UNDER THE LIMITED WARRANTY, OR LOSS OF USE DURING THE PERIOD THAT THE PRODUCT IS BEING REPAIRED.

10. Some states do not allow limitation of how long an implied warranty lasts, so the above warranty limitation may not apply to (the Consumer). Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental and consequential damages, so certain of the above limitations or exclusions may not apply to (the Consumer). This limited warranty gives the Consumer specic legal rights and the Consumer may also have other rights which vary from state to state.

11. Smith-Root, Inc. neither assumes nor authorizes any authorized service center or any other person or entity to assume for it any other obligation or liability beyond that which is expressly provided for in this limited warranty including the provider or seller of any extended warranty or service agreement.

12. This is the entire warranty between the Smith-Root, Inc. and the Consumer and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements or understandings,

oral or written, relating to the Product and no representation, promise or condition not contained herein shall modify these terms.

13. This limited warranty allocates the risk of failure of the Product between the Consumer and Smith-Root, Inc. The allocation is recognized by the Consumer and is reected in the purchase price.

14. Questions concerning this limited warranty may be directed to:

Smith-Root, Inc.

14014 NE Salmon Creek Ave.

Vancouver, WA 98686

(360) 573-0202

’s exclusive remedies for breach of warranty.

*Smith-Root, Inc. is a registered trademark of Smith-Root, Inc. 11.03.06

Smith-Root ELECTROFISHING BOATS, SRI H, SRI EH User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual