Smart Technologies 454, 452, 450 User Manual

Guidelines for Rescue Services
smart
2006

Guidelines for Rescue Services, smart, 2006

Information and copyright

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© 2006 Copyright DaimlerChrysler AG & smart GmbH
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03.06

Guidelines for Rescue Services, smart, 2006

Contents

Preface 5

Overview

Proper casualty rescue 6

Extinguishing vehicle fires 7

Rescue

Securing and supporting 8

Removing the windows 10

Removing the doors 13

Pushing away the instrument panel 17

Removing the roof 21

Observing occupant restraint systems 27

Seat adjustment/head restraints 34

Steering wheel adjustment/roll bar 35

Model classes

General 36

smart fortwo 38

smart roadster 40

smart forfour 41

Annex

List of abbreviations 42

Index 43

Guidelines for Rescue Services, smart, 2006 Page 3

Contents

Page 4 Guidelines for Rescue Services, smart, 2006

Preface

Dear reader,

One of DaimlerChrysler's top priorities has tradi
tionally been to guarantee the highest possible
standards of safety. This emphasis on safety is
especially pronounced also in vehicles of the
"smart" brand, the ultracompact line within the
Mercedes Car Group.

Our comprehensive safety concept also extends to
providing you, the rescue crews, with specific infor
mation about our vehicles and their safety systems.
The top priority of the rescue crew is to save lives.
You must be able to gain access to the accident
victims as quickly as possible without exposing
yourselves or the victims to additional dangers.

This is why we are providing you, the specialist, with
this vital and reliable information. The object is to
foster familiarity with the structures and safety
systems in the individual vehicle versions and
various model series. The automobiles manufactured
by smart differ from conventional cars in a number
of respects. This guideline manual responds to this
fact by serving up information compiled especially
for the use of rescue personnel. It describes the
relevant technical features incorporated in the
smart city coupé, smart roadster and smart forfour
model series.

Because the concept behind the sportoriented
roadster has been largely derived from the city
coupé, the two share a number of common features:

• Steel body with plastic paneling

• Aluminum doors

•Roof concepts

• Location of drive unit and tank etc.

This guide is intended to assist you in performing
the duties that you usually carry out while working
under considerable stress. So that every action will
be carried out with precision when the time comes,
this advance information booklet must cover all vital
points as they relate to specific scenarios. We hope
that this guide can be judged a success in this
respect. At the same time, we would greatly appre
ciate any suggestions and feedback you can offer
based on your own practical experience.

smart gmbh
Technical Communication (E/PD)

in collaboration with
DaimlerChrysler AG
Parts Engineering and
Technical Information (GSP/TI)

Guidelines for Rescue Services, smart, 2006 Page 5

Overview

Proper casualty rescue

Whereas formerly priority was given to quickly
rescuing the trapped casualty from his predicament,
the primary concern nowadays is medical and
psychological assistance. The aim of this is to
prepare the casualty as well as possible for the
rescue work.

The medical and rescue personnel can then work in
concert to free the casualty from the vehicle.

The most urgent immediate measures at the
scene of the accident are:

• Maintaining or restoring the vital functions
(respiration/circulation)

• Keeping the respiratory passages clear and
rectifying any breathing difficulties

• Assessing shock and initiating measures to
stabilize the casualty

• Rendering psychological support to the casualty

• Treating lifethreatening injuries

• Stopping major bleeding

• Immobilizing certain body parts

i The main priority is to render medical and

psychological aid to the casualty!

i The safety of the medical and rescue crews

themselves should not be neglected:

• Wear protective clothing

• Wear eye protection

• Wear protective mouth mask

• Secure the accident vehicle

Immobilizing the neck

As the head often experiences extreme movements
in traffic accidents, there is an increased risk of
spinal injury in the neck region. To prevent further
damage to the cervical vertebrae, it is essential to
immobilize the neck before any further rescue
action is undertaken. The most common method of
immobilization is to use a cervical collar ("Stifnek").
This is a plastic collar which is placed around the
neck and closed with a velcro fastener.

If access to the casualty is difficult, the head
restraint can be removed first before fitting the
cervical collar.

i The he ad restraints shou ld only be cut aw ay

in exceptional cases!

• Cutting the head restraints away exposes the
casualty to additional movements

• The head restraint can no longer be used to
stabilize the casualty's head

• Cutting away the head restraints produces
sharp edges

Page 6 Guidelines for Rescue Services, smart, 2006

Overview

Extinguishing vehicle fires

Extinguish fires in accordance with the guidelines of the professional fire services!

Body:

Magnesium is increasingly being used in safety
relevant reinforcement structures in the body.
For example, the instrument panel structure in
smart vehicles is made of magnesium.

When combatting fires within the vehicle's inte
rior and in the area around the instrument panel,
it is therefore vital to observe the special
instructions issued by the fire department with
respect to the materials employed in these areas!

Restraint systems:

If a fire breaks out inside the vehicle, it may acti
vate any untriggered front airbags, sidebags and
windowbags or the pyrotechnical emergency
tensioning retractors.

Gas generators are designed to ignite as soon as
the temperature inside the gas generator
reaches 160180° C.In such cases the ignition
squib and the solid fuel burn without destroying
the gas generator. During combustion a specific
volume of gas is released at a specific pressure.

i Magnesium is a Class D flammable material

according to the EN2 European Standard on
"flammable materials of various kinds".

i When the front airbags, sidebags,

windowbags and emergency tensioning
retractors are triggered, controlled
combustion takes place. The components do not
explode.

Windowbags

The gas generators of the windowbags are filled
not with solid fuel, but with compressed gas.

Guidelines for Rescue Services, smart, 2006 Page 7

i The compressed gas generators of the

windowbags must not be cut, as otherwise the
compressed gas may suddenly escape!

i Before cutting the corresponding body

panels the inner paneling of the A, B or Cpillars
must be removed using a suitable tool and the
exact installation location of the gas generators
determined!

Rescue

Securing and supporting

a Risk of injury Action

Unintended movements of the bodywork during
rescue operations may cause further injury to the
casualties.

On arrival at the scene of the accident, the first
priority of the rescue crew should be to ascertain
and assess the condition of the casualties.

If possible, proper rescue of the occupants should
only be undertaken when the vehicle has been suffi
ciently secured and, if possible, in consultation with
the emergency physician (does not apply to emer
gency crash rescue!).

Trapped casualties are in direct physical contact
with the accident vehicle. Therefore the supports
must guarantee that the vehicle cannot move during
the subsequent rescue operations.

To prevent dangerous movements from occurring
while rescuing the casualties, the vehicles
involved should first be secured.

P00.60203400

The support must remain secure throughout the
entire duration of the rescue operation and must be
able to withstand the use of hydraulic equipment.

When using sliding support blocks to support the
vehicle, the air can be let out of the tires after the
blocks have been slipped underneath.

i The vehicle must be supported with wooden

planks, sliding support blocks or similar in
order to ensure a gentle and smooth rescue!
When positioning the sliding support blocks,
care must be taken to ensure that subsequent
rescue actions are not impeded.

i Never use the vehicle's tow eyes to secure

or recover the car. The strength of the body in
the area of the towing eyes may not be sufficient
following an accident.

Page 8 Guidelines for Rescue Services, smart, 2006

Rescue

Securing and supporting

Vehicles lying on their side must be secured to
prevent them from sliding and tipping over, e.g.
using supporting struts, wheel chocks, ropes and
straps.

• Secure vehicle using supporting struts

• Attach straps by looping them around vehicle
parts, such as axles or other securely bolted
or welded parts on the vehicle.

• Attach steel cable to strap and tighten using
pulling unit (grip puller) or cable winch

• Secure opposite vehicle side using wheel
chocks

P00.60206900

The STAB FAST passenger car support system is
available as an alternative, with which vehicles
can still be stabilized even when in complicated
positions.

If the vehicle is on sloping ground, an endless
sling is useful for securing the vehicle. It can also
be used for recovering the vehicle.

The endless sling should be attached either by
threading it through the window openings (also
with the windows removed) or by slinging it
around vehicle components such as axles or other
parts rigidly bolted/welded onto the vehicle.

P00.60207000

Care should be taken to pass the sling around a
number of components if possible, in order to
distribute the forces evenly.

Guidelines for Rescue Services, smart, 2006 Page 9

P00.60207100

Rescue

Removing the windows

a Risk of injury Action

Work on windows and glass roofs may produce
glass splinters which can cause injuries to the
occupants and rescuers.

a Risk of injury Action

Always remove the windows when working on adja
cent components.

Windows may shatter, throwing out tiny, sharp
glass particles which may cause injuries to the
occupants and rescuers.

Windows in parts adjacent to those being worked on
must always be removed before using hydraulic
tools. This applies above all to the windows in the
doors. If the windows are not removed, they will be
subjected to considerable pressure together with
the associated body panels, e.g. when opening the
doors with a spreader.

Vehicles in the smart model series are generally
equipped with two types of safety glass.

The windshield and door windows are made of lami
nated safety glass (VSG), the rear and side windows
on almost all vehicle are made of singlepane safety
glass (ESG).

Cover the occupants before commencing work,
preferably with a transparent sheet.

Wear protective clothing, safety glasses and a
protective mouth mask.

Cover the occupants before commencing work,
preferably with a transparent sheet.

Wear protective clothing, safety glasses and a
protective mouth mask.

At a certain compressive force the windows will be
unable to withstand the pressure and will burst
suddenly and violently. The ejected fragments can
inflict injuries.

Page 10 Guidelines for Rescue Services, smart, 2006

Rescue

Removing the windows

Remove windows using a glass saw:

The glass saw is usually the tool of choice for
cutting out laminated glass windows:

• First knock a hole in the window

• Then remove the window by cutting around the
edges

P67.00203700

With a glass saw, the actual cutting occurs on the
pull stroke and not on the push stroke as with
conventional saws. The advantage of this is that
the casualty inside the vehicle is less exposed to
the glass particles produced.

Removing windows using a spring center punch

The side windows, rear window and glass roof are
made of singlepane safety glass (ESG) and can be
removed using a spring center punch:

• Stick adhesive foil or tape over the window

• Position the spring center punch in one of the
bottom corners

• Punch the window with the spring center punch

• The window shatters into small shards which
stick to the film or adhesive tape.

• Remove the window outwards

• Remove remaining fragments of glass from the
window frame (remove the rubber edge strip)

P67.00203800

P67.00203900

Guidelines for Rescue Services, smart, 2006 Page 11

Rescue

Removing the windows

Glass roof on smart forfour (model 454)

• Stick adhesive foil or tape over the window

• Knock a hole in one of the corners of the
glass roof

• Cut out the window along the edge of the
opening in the roof using a glass saw

• Remove the window outwards

Both the glass roof and the plastic roof are
adhesivebonded to the body structure.

The panes of the quarter windows behind the B
pillars on the smart fortwo (model 450) are manu
factured from breakproof plastic (polycarbonate)
and are held in place by clips. They can be pried
out using a suitable tool, such as a crowbar.

Glass roof on smart forfour (model 454)

P65.10321500

P67.00204000

Quarter window on smart fortwo (model 450)

i Before windows are sawn or opened with

special removal tools, the occupants must be
covered, preferably with a transparent sheet, to
prevent any potential risk of injury.
The following applies to the rescue personnel:
Wear protective clothing, safety glasses and a
protective mouth mask in addition to the helmet
visor!

Page 12 Guidelines for Rescue Services, smart, 2006

Rescue

Removing the doors

First check whether the door catch can be opened
in spite of the deformed door.

It may be possible to open the door enough to
allow the spreader to be pushed into the resulting

i Do not use excessive force to ram the

spreader into the door gap, in order to avoid any
unintended movement of the car body. Proceed
carefully with the casualty in mind.

gap. If the lock cannot be opened, the following
procedure is recommended:

smart fortwo (model 450) and smart roadster (model 452)
Opening on the lock side

• Position one tip of the spreader in the door
gap near the lock

• Rotate the spreader to the left and right along
its axis to bend the bodywork and obtain an
opening large enough to accommodate both
tips of the spreader

• Press both tips of the spreader into the
opening produced, in order to expand the
opening in a number of small spreading
operations. Keep pushing the tips towards the
door lock until the door springs open.

Guidelines for Rescue Services, smart, 2006 Page 13

P72.00211500

P72.00211400