SMAR CD600 Plus User Manual

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smar

Specifications and information are subject to change without notice.

Up-to-date address information is available on our website.

web: www.smar.com/contactus.asp

www.smar.com

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Main Features

Introduction

INTRODUCTION

The CD600 Plus Universal Multi-Loop Controller is the next generation of a successful and very reliable Smar Multi-Loop Controller, the CD600. Now using modern electronics and new technologies, it is smaller, lighter and even more powerful than its predecessor. The CD600 Plus is a powerful stand-alone single station controller capable of simultaneously controlling up to 4 loops (single or cascade) with up to 8 PIDs (four of them with advanced adaptive control) and more than 120 advanced control blocks. In order to program it, the user can execute the CONF600 Plus application. For the operating personnel, the CD600 Plus offers a user-friendly control panel with individual push buttons, an eight-digit alphanumeric display and a reliable hardware. And for the plant management, the CD600 Plus offers cost-effective modularity, management information through digital communication and plant integration through CRT based operator station.

• The bargraphs, alphanumeric display status (monitoring, alarm, parameters, etc.) and dedicated keyboard make the CD600 Plus a complete stand-alone device for operation and fine-tuning.

• 4 independent control loops with up to eight PID functions (single or cascade).

• 8 analog and 8 digital inputs, 8 analog and 8 digital outputs.

• Built-in 24 Vdc, 200 mA power supply for up to eight field transmitters.

• Flexible and powerful function block library that deals with most every-day situations in process

control.

• Several pre-programmed control configurations including cascade, ratio, feed forward, split range, 3-element boiler feed water control, distillation column control and much more.

• Configurator with an easy-to-use graphic interface for Windows XP, 2000 and NT (SP3).

• Time proven dependability and availability - one of the best in the market.

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CD600 Plus - User’s Manual

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Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 1 - OPERATION..........................................................................................................................1.1

CD600 PLUS FRONT PANEL...................................................................................................................................1.1

LOOP SELECTION ...................................................................................................................................................1.2

ALARM ACKNOWLEDGMENT.................................................................................................................................1.2

CHANGING THE ALPHANUMERIC DISPLAY BRIGHT...........................................................................................1.3

SECTION 2 - TUNING..................................................................................................................................2.1

SECTION 3 - PROGRAMMING ...................................................................................................................3.1

OPERATION..............................................................................................................................................................3.1

TYPICAL DESCRIPTION OF A BLOCK.................................................................................................................................3.1

THE LOOPS...........................................................................................................................................................................3.2

TAGS.........................................................................................................................................................................3.2

HOW TO PROGRAM THE CD600 PLUS..................................................................................................................3.2

EXAMPLE OF A CONFIGURATION.........................................................................................................................3.2

SECTION 4 - FUNCTION BLOCKS LIBRARY............................................................................................4.1

FUNCTION TABLE....................................................................................................................................................4.2

FUNCTION 01 - ANALOG INPUT (AI) ......................................................................................................................4.3

OPERATION ..........................................................................................................................................................................4.3

FUNCTION 02 - CURRENT OUTPUT (CO)..............................................................................................................4.4

OPERATION ..........................................................................................................................................................................4.4

FUNCTION 03 - VOLTAGE OUTPUT (VO)...............................................................................................................4.5

OPERATION ..........................................................................................................................................................................4.5

FUNCTION 04 - DIGITAL INPUT (DI).......................................................................................................................4.6

OPERATION ..........................................................................................................................................................................4.6

FUNCTION 05 - DIGITAL OUTPUT (DO) .................................................................................................................4.7

OPERATION ..........................................................................................................................................................................4.7

FUNCTION 06 - FRONT VIEW (FV) .........................................................................................................................4.8

OPERATION ..........................................................................................................................................................................4.8

FUNCTION 07 - LOCAL/REMOTE SP SELECTOR (L/R).......................................................................................4.10

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.10

FUNCTION 08 - AUTOMATIC/MANUAL STATION (A/M) ......................................................................................4.13

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.13

FUNCTION 09 - ADVANCED PID (PID)..................................................................................................................4.17

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.17

FUNCTION 10 - SIMPLE PID (PID) ........................................................................................................................4.26

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.26

FUNCTION 11 - STEP CONTROLLER (STEP)......................................................................................................4.30

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.30

FUNCTION 12 - MULTIPLIER-DIVIDER-ADDER-SUBTRACTOR (ARTH)............................................................4.33

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.33

FUNCTION 13 - SQUARE ROOT (SQR)................................................................................................................4.37

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.37

FUNCTION 14 - LINEARIZATION (LIN)..................................................................................................................4.38

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.38

FUNCTION 15 – DERIVATIVE / LEAD-LAG (LL)....................................................................................................4.40

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.40

FUNCTION 16 - PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION (PTC) ....................................................4.43

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.43

FUNCTION 17 - POLYNOMIAL (POL)....................................................................................................................4.47

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.47

FUNCTION 18 - TOTALIZATION (TOT)..................................................................................................................4.49

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.49

FUNCTION 19 - PULSE TOTALIZATION INPUT (P/DI).........................................................................................4.51

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.51

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CD600 Plus - User’s Manual

FUNCTION 20 - BATCH COMPARATOR (BAT).....................................................................................................4.55

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.55

FUNCTION 21 - SETPOINT GENERATOR (SPG).................................................................................................4.56

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.56

FUNCTION 22 - DOUBLE ALARM (ALM)...............................................................................................................4.58

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.58

FUNCTION 23 - LIMITER WITH ALARM (LIMT).....................................................................................................4.60

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.60

FUNCTION 24 - LOGIC (LOG)................................................................................................................................4.63

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.63

FUNCTION 25 - TIMER (TMR)................................................................................................................................4.65

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.65

FUNCTION 26 - HIGH/LOW SELECTOR (H/L) ......................................................................................................4.67

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.67

FUNCTION 27 - INTERNAL/EXTERNAL SELECTOR (SSEL)...............................................................................4.68

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.68

FUNCTION 28 - CONSTANT ADJUSTER (ADJ)....................................................................................................4.69

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.69

FUNCTION 29 - INPUT SELECTOR (ISEL)............................................................................................................4.70

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.70

FUNCTION 30 - OUTPUT SELECTOR (OSEL)......................................................................................................4.71

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.71

FUNCTION 31 - LINEARIZATION CURVE (PNT)...................................................................................................4.72

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.72

FUNCTION 32 - GENERAL VISUALIZATION (GV)................................................................................................4.75

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.75

FUNCTION 33 - CONSTANTS (K)..........................................................................................................................4.76

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.76

FUNCTION 34 - SCAN (SCN).................................................................................................................................4.77

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.77

FUNCTION 35 - SCAN/ACTUATION OF THE PARAMETERS PID (PRM)............................................................4.79

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.79

FUNCTION 36 - ACTUATION (ATU).......................................................................................................................4.80

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.80

FUNCTION 37 - DIGITAL INPUT WITH TIMER CONTROL (DIT)..........................................................................4.83

OPERATION ........................................................................................................................................................................4.83

CONTROL FUNCTION BLOCKS............................................................................................................................4.85

SECTION 5 - RESIDENT CONFIGURATION..............................................................................................5.1

SECTION 6 - CALIBRATION.......................................................................................................................6.1

ANALOG INPUT (AI).................................................................................................................................................6.1

ANALOG INPUT CALIBRATION–AUTOMATIC MODE............................................................................................6.2

CALIBRATION OF ANALOG INPUTS - MANUAL MODE.........................................................................................6.2

CURRENT OUTPUT (CO).........................................................................................................................................6.3

VOLTAGE OUTPUT (VO) .........................................................................................................................................6.4

SECTION 7 - COMMUNICATION................................................................................................................7.1

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................7.1

CONTROLLER ADDRESS........................................................................................................................................7.1

BAUD-RATE..............................................................................................................................................................7.2

TIME CYCLE ADJUSTMENT....................................................................................................................................7.2

OPC SUPERVISION .................................................................................................................................................7.3

SERIAL COMMUNICATION NETWORK ..................................................................................................................7.4

ETHERNET COMMUNICATION NETWORK............................................................................................................7.4

SECTION 8 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS............................................................................................8.1

POWER SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION .................................................................................................................8.1

INTEGRAL POWER SUPPLY FOR TRANSMITTERS .............................................................................................8.1

NVRAM (NON-VOLATILE RAM)...............................................................................................................................8.1

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Table of Contents

ANALOG INPUTS AND OUTPUTS...........................................................................................................................8.1

DIGITAL INPUTS (DI1 TO DI8).................................................................................................................................8.1

DIGITAL OUTPUTS (DO1 TO DO8) .........................................................................................................................8.2

INSTALLATION CONDITIONS..................................................................................................................................8.4

FRONT PANEL..........................................................................................................................................................8.4

REAR PANEL DIAGRAM..........................................................................................................................................8.5

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS..............................................................................................................................8.7

ACCESSORIES.........................................................................................................................................................8.7

SPARE PARTS..........................................................................................................................................................8.7

ORDERING CODE....................................................................................................................................................8.8

SECTION 9 - INSTALLATION.....................................................................................................................9.1

INITIAL INSPECTION................................................................................................................................................9.1

LOCAL CONDITIONS FOR INSTALLATION .........................................................................................................................9.1

ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS..............................................................................................................................................9.1

PRECAUTIONS AGAINST ELECTROMAGNETIC NOISE....................................................................................................9.1

EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION................................................................................................................................................9.2

WIRING..................................................................................................................................................................................9.3

CD600 VERSUS CD600 PLUS.................................................................................................................................9.7

CONF600 PLUS

INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................................................10.1

MAIN FEATURES....................................................................................................................................................10.1

SECTION 10 - SYSTEM INSTALLATION .................................................................................................10.3

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS....................................................................................................................................10.3

INSTALLATION .......................................................................................................................................................10.3

SECTION 11 - OPERATION......................................................................................................................11.1

PROJECT FILES.....................................................................................................................................................11.1

CREATING A PROJECT FILE ............................................................................................................................................. 11.1

OPENING A PROJECT FILE ...............................................................................................................................................11.1

SAVING A PROJECT FILE..................................................................................................................................................11.2

DOCUMENT INFORMATION...............................................................................................................................................11.2

IMPORTING A PROJECT FILE...............................................................................................................................11.3

EXPORTING THE CONFIGURATION....................................................................................................................11.3

PRINTING DOCUMENTS .......................................................................................................................................11.3

PRINT CONFIGURATION.......................................................................................................................................11.4

PRINT PREVIEW ....................................................................................................................................................11.5

SECTION 12 - CONF600 PLUS INTERFACE...........................................................................................12.1

NAMING LOOPS.....................................................................................................................................................12.1

MAIN TOOLBAR......................................................................................................................................................12.2

DRAWING TOOLBAR.............................................................................................................................................12.2

ORDERING TOOLBAR...........................................................................................................................................12.3

ALIGNMENT TOOLBAR..........................................................................................................................................12.3

COLOR PALETTE...................................................................................................................................................12.4

DOCUMENT PROPERTIES....................................................................................................................................12.4

OBJECT PROPERTIES ..........................................................................................................................................12.7

DOCUMENT PROPERTIES TOOLBAR..................................................................................................................12.7

COMMUNICATIONS TOOLBAR.............................................................................................................................12.7

SELECTING THE LANGUAGE...............................................................................................................................12.7

CONVERTING THE CONFIGURATION LIST TO GRAPHICS...............................................................................12.7

LOOK EDITION .......................................................................................................................................................12.8

SECTION 13 - RESIDENT CONFIGURATION..........................................................................................13.1

SECTION 14 - PROJECT CONFIGURATION ...........................................................................................14.1

ACTIVATING THE BLOCK LIST.............................................................................................................................14.1

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CD600 Plus - User’s Manual

ADDING BLOCKS TO THE BLOCK LIST...............................................................................................................14.1

ADDING BLOCKS TO THE DRAWING AREA........................................................................................................14.2

DRAGGING BLOCKS ON THE DRAWING AREA..................................................................................................14.3

ADDING THE COMMUNICATION BLOCK.............................................................................................................14.3

CHANGING BLOCK PARAMETERS ......................................................................................................................14.4

DELETING BLOCKS...............................................................................................................................................14.4

CHANGING THE BLOCK FORMAT........................................................................................................................14.5

SECTION 15 - LINKING BLOCKS.............................................................................................................15.1

CREATING A DIRECT LINK ...................................................................................................................................15.1

CREATING A LINK WITH INTERRUPTION............................................................................................................15.2

CREATING A COMMUNICATION LINK..................................................................................................................15.3

EDITING THE LINK PROPERTIES.........................................................................................................................15.4

REDRAWING A LINK..............................................................................................................................................15.4

REMOVING A LINK.................................................................................................................................................15.4

SECTION 16 - COMMUNICATION............................................................................................................16.1

CHECKING THE CONTROLLER............................................................................................................................16.1

CONFIGURING THE COMMUNICATION...............................................................................................................16.1

INITIALIZING THE COMMUNICATION...................................................................................................................16.2

UPLOADING THE DEVICE CONFIGURATION......................................................................................................16.3

DOWNLOADING THE CONFIGURATION TO THE DEVICE.................................................................................16.4

SHOWING COMMUNICATION VALUES................................................................................................................16.4

MONITORING THE PARAMETERS OF A BLOCK.................................................................................................16.5

UPDATING THE CONFIGURATION.......................................................................................................................16.5

SECTION 17 - CALIBRATION...................................................................................................................17.1

ANALOG INPUT......................................................................................................................................................17.1

ANALOG INPUT CALIBRATION - AUTOMATIC MODE.........................................................................................17.2

ANALOG INPUT CALIBRATION - MANUAL MODE...............................................................................................17.3

CURRENT OUTPUT ...............................................................................................................................................17.4

VOLTAGE OUTPUT................................................................................................................................................17.4

SECTION 18 - CONF600 PLUS TUTORIAL..............................................................................................18.1

STARTING THE CONFIGURATOR........................................................................................................................18.2

CREATING A NEW CONFIGURATION..................................................................................................................18.2

BUILDING THE STRATEGY...................................................................................................................................18.2

ADDING BLOCKS................................................................................................................................................................18.2

MOVING BLOCKS ...............................................................................................................................................................18.4

LINKING FUNCTION BLOCKS...............................................................................................................................18.4

CREATING ALL LINKS ...........................................................................................................................................18.5

REDRAWING LINKS...............................................................................................................................................18.5

CHECKING THE ENVIRONMENT..........................................................................................................................18.6

CHANGING PARAMETER VALUES....................................................................................................................................18.6

CHANGING PARAMETER VALUES OF THE PID (043) BLOCK ........................................................................................18.6

CHANGING PARAMETER VALUES OF THE AI (001) BLOCK...........................................................................................18.6

APPENDIX A - QUICK GUIDE OF INSTALLATION ..................................................................................A.1

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS NECESSARY FOR THE INSTALLATION ..................................................................A.1

PROCEDURES .........................................................................................................................................................A.1

MECHANICAL INSTALLATION OF THE CONTROLLER.....................................................................................................A.1

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION OF THE CONTROLLER ......................................................................................................A.3

CONTROL STRATEGY CONFIGURATION.......................................................................................................................... A.5

ESTABLISHING THE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE CONTROLLER AND THE COMPUTER.................................. A.5

APPENDIX B............................................................................................................................................... B.1

RETURNING MATERIALS........................................................................................................................................B.1

FSR – SERVICE REQUEST FORM..........................................................................................................................B.3

APPENDIX C - SMAR WARRANTY CERTIFICATE .................................................................................. C.1

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Section 1

OPERATION

CD600 Plus Front Panel

The CD600 Plus front panel has 3 bargraphs, an alphanumeric display, a group of keys for adjustment and control and LEDs for signaling.

Bargraph Description

SP PV MV

Since the visualization of each loop can be freely configured by the user. The 3 bargraphs may also be used for other purposes.

Fig 1.1 - Front Panel

Indication of monitored loop's Setpoint it is indicated on the green 101 LEDs bargraph. Indication of the monitored loop's Process Variable. It is indicated on the red 101 LED's bargraph. Indication of the monitored loop's Manipulated Variable. It is indicated on the red 41 LEDs bargraph.

1.1

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CD600 Plus - User’s Manual

Keys Description

Selects the variable to be shown in the alphanumeric display. Selects the loop to be monitored on the front panel.

Increases the value of the variable shown on the display.

Decreases the value of the variable shown on the display.

Selects the Local Setpoint or the Remote Setpoint of the monitored loop.

Alarm Acknowledgement

Selects the Automatic or Manual mode of the monitored loop.

Increases the MV value, when the control is in Manual. When touched shows the output value on the display.

Decreases the MV value, when the control is in Manual. When touched shows the output value on the display.

Fail: When lit, indicates that the controller is in fault condition.

Cycle: Blinks every 10 cycles, during cycle time adjustment (refer to section 8 communication). Adjust: When lit, indicates that the variable, which is being shown on the display, can have its value

changed by the keys <

1, 2, 3 or 4 – When lit, indicates that the variables, shown on the front panel refer, to the respective loop. L – - When lit, indicates that the respective loop is working with Local Setpoint. Unlit L means Remote

Setpoint. M – When lit, indicates that the respective loop is working in the Manual mode. Unlit M means Automatic Operation.

Loop Selection

A short touch on the <LP> key lets the display shows the Tag (see below) of the loop being monitored. A longer touch transfers the monitoring to the next Loop. Initially, the new Loop's Tag is shown and, after a few seconds, the monitored information.

Alarm Acknowledgment

Regardless of the selected Loop and of the variable shown on the display, if any alarm, which has been programmed to be indicated on the front panel occurs, the display goes on to show the information of the variable and the "*ALARM" information alternately. Furthermore, one of the LED's < from the respective loop, blinks.

As soon as the operator presses the <ACK> key for the first time, the Tag that identifies the configuration, appears on the display, followed by the mnemonic message of the alarm. The message will blink until the operator presses the <ACK> key again, acknowledging the alarm. After the acknowledgement, the message stops blinking and remains displayed if the alarm condition persists. Otherwise, the next alarm will be displayed on the stack, or the "NO ALARM" message, if no alarm exists.

The alarm acknowledgement can also be made automatically. It means that when an alarm condition disappears, the message also disappears, without the acknowledgment by the <ACK> key.

While the alarm is present, the alarm message remains stored in memory stack with capacity for up to 36 alarm messages.

With the keys <Δ> and <∇>, the operator can scroll the stack, checking if there is any other alarms. Among the alarm messages, which can be visualized on the display, the user can write 8, and the

remainders are fixed messages. The blocks that can provide these alarms, and its characteristics, are listed in table 1.1.

1.2

> and < >.

or - When lit, indicates an alarm situation – High ( ) or Low ( ).

> or < >

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BLOCK TYPE DEFAULT MNEMONIC

001 BURNOUT AI1 OUT NO 002 BURNOUT AI2 OUT NO 003 BURNOUT AI3 OUT NO 004 BURNOUT AI4 OUT NO 005 BURNOUT AI5 OUT NO 006 BURNOUT AI6 OUT NO 007 BURNOUT AI7 OUT NO 008 BURNOUT AI8 OUT NO 009 DEV/BURNOUT AO1 OUT NO

010 DEV/BURNOUT AO2 OUT NO 011 DEV/BURNOUT AO3 OUT NO 012 DEV/BURNOUT AO4 OUT NO 039 DEVIATION DEV - 1 NO 040 DEVIATION DEV - 2 NO 041 DEVIATION DEV - 3 NO 042 DEVIATION DEV - 4 NO 077 (1º comp.) LOW/EQUAL/HIGH LOW COMP YES 077 (2º omp.) LOW/EQUAL/HIGH HGH COMP YES 078 (1º comp.) LOW/EQUAL/HIGH LOW COMP YES 078 (2º comp.) LOW/EQUAL/HIGH HGH COMP YES 079 (1º comp.) LOW/EQUAL/HIGH LOW COMP YES 079 (2º comp.) LOW/EQUAL/HIGH HGH COMP YES 080 (1º comp.) LOW/EQUAL/HIGH LOW COMP YES 080 (1º comp.) LOW/EQUAL/HIGH HGH COMP YES 081 UPPER LIMIT LIM H 01 NO 081 LOWER L I M I T LIM L 01 NO 081 VELOCIDADE VELOC 01 NO 082 UPPER LIMIT LIM H 02 NO 082 LOWER L I M I T LIM L 02 NO 082 VELOCIDADE VELOC 02 NO 083 UPPER LIMIT LIM H 03 NO 083 LOWER L I M I T LIM L 03 NO 084 VELOCIDADE VELOC 03 NO 085 UPPER LIMIT LIM H 04 NO 085 LOWER L I M I T LIM L 04 NO 085 VELOCIDADE VELOC 04 NO

Table 1.1 - Alarm Characteristics

Changing the Alphanumeric Display Bright

In order to change the alphanumeric display bright, follow the steps below:

1. Press the <ACK> key in the controller front panel and keep pressed for a few seconds until the display and frontal keyboard functions change to PID.

2. Press the <ACK> and <DSP> keys together until the ID of the controller appears.

3. Press the <DSP> key until the “Bright” function appears. Using the <Δ> and <∇> keys, select the desired bright for the alphanumeric display.

Operation

CONFIGURABLE

MNEMONIC

1.3

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CD600 Plus - User’s Manual

1.4

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Section 2

TUNING

Proportional gain, Integral time and Derivative time constants of any Proportional, Integral, Derivative (PID) block existing in the controll er's configuration may be adj usted from the front panel without using the Programmer. To make it possible, it is necessary to set the CACT parameter, of the respective PID block, to "0" or "1".

Keep the <ACK> key pressed for a few seconds, until it changes the function of the display and the front keyboard. Regardless of the previously sho wn variable, the disp lay sho ws the PID proportiona l gain, of the selected loop. In case there is more than one PID block on the loop (e.g. Cascade control), the proportional constant refers to the lowest number PID block. In this case, the user should know the blocks in the loop, in order to identify the “MASTER” and “SLAVE” PID.

The mnemonic of each constant is composed of two letters that identify the action type, and a number, that identifies the PID block that it belongs to.

: Proportional

: Integral Time or Reset (min/rep.)

: Derivative Time (min)

ain

BLK039 1º

BLK040 2º

BLK041 3º

BLK042 4º

BLK043 1º

BLK044 2º

BLK045 3º

BLK046 4º

Table 2.1 – Number of the PID block related to the front pane l tuning

When there is more than one loop in th e controller, use the <LP> key in order to change t he parameters. Use the <Δ> and <∇> keys to change the values of the PID constants.

The scroll of all tuning parameters of all the The front panel keys (DSP, in 20 seconds, if any key frontal panel is not actuated.

a-) Tuning by the front panel can be disabled through the configuration. b-) Tuning can be done by a PC connected to the communication p ort .

Δ, ∇, ACK) return to their normal f unctions by pressing th e key <LP> or

PID blocks of a Loop is made by the <DSP> key.

NOTE

PID Advanced

PID Simple

PID

2.1

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CD600 Plus - User’s Manual

2.2

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Section 3

Operation

PROGRAMMING

The programming of the SMAR CD600 Digital Controller is based on the concept of freely interconnectable Function Blocks. The interconnection is done in accordance to the control

strategy defined by the user. All the function blocks already exist in a part of the memory not accessible by the user.

Programming the controller means to configure it by calling the necessary blocks into the user memory, NVRAM, link them together, set their Characterization and Adjustment parameters to fit a specific application.

Exchange of information between the used control algorithm and the process is done by means of the input and output Function Blocks (both analog and digital). By these blocks the programmed configuration is "physically" connected to the controller terminal block. Therefore, for example, the Analog Input block No.1 can only be used for reading and processing the signal which is connected to the terminal 001 (first analog input).

TYPICAL DESCRIPTION OF A BLOCK

The blocks described in Section 4 have a Control Function, consisting of one or more mathematical and/ or logical operations. The function will relate block inputs with block outputs. The inputs are designated by letters (A, B, C...), and outputs are designated by numbers. Exceptions are the Analog and Digital input and output blocks, whose inputs, respectively outputs, are related to hardwired terminals.

139/141 143/145

140/142 144/146

NALOG

INPUTS

HIGH LOW

SELECTOR

DISCRETE INPUTS

HIGH

LOW

Fig 3A - Typical Block

The numbers related to the block outputs are addresses. Each number refers exclusively to a certain output of a certain block and vice versa. Each block has one Linking Parameter (L) for each input. A block with 3 inputs has the Linking Parameters LIA, LIB, and LIC (Link Input A, B and C). If the HIGH-LOW selector block shown in Figure 3A has LIA=2, that means that the input A of that block is on. As a block can perform several operations, the activations of these operations are defined by the Characterization Parameters. For example, the Analog Input block offers a choice of implementing SQuare Root extraction (CSQR=1) or not (CSQR=0). It offers also a choice to use LINearization (CLIN=1) or not (CLIN=0) - (See Figure 3B).

Constants in the Function Blocks that require frequent changes during process operation are called Adjustment Parameters (ADJ Parameters). The same Analog Input block has an adjustable filter, which has a time constant adjustable by ATIM.

There are two types of signals between blocks: scalar and discrete. Scalar are continuous signals while discrete are on-off type of signals.

The signal transfer through block link is always made in the form of percentage, even if the signal is discrete (0% for low logical level 0 and 100% for high logic level 1). A scalar signal, connected to an input prepared to receive discrete signals, will be interpreted as follows:

- less than 70%: level 0

- more than 80%: level 1

- between 70% and 80%: previous state

The output signal of a block can be received by as many inputs of blocks as desired.

3.1

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CD600 Plus - User’s Manual

THE LOOPS

A Loop is a set of interconnected blocks with a certain purpose. It has a single man-machine interface for the manipulation and visualization of data by the front panel of the controller. The maximum number of loops per CD600 is 4.

The CD600's program also offers a configuration workspace named General Loop, "LOOP G" which contains only blocks that may be simultaneously used by more than one loop. An example of information maintained in the General Loop are the coordinates of the points used by a linearization curve that may be used by several Analog Inputs simultaneously.

Tags

The Tag (Loop identification, see below) of the General Loop will always be the Tag of the whole configuration. All configurations must have a General Loop, even if the program contains only one control Loop. If no blocks are configured for the General Loop, at least a Tag must be given.

How to Program the CD600 Plus

When the CD600 Plus leaves the factory, with a default configuration named "4 LOOPS" (see Section 5). This configuration can be changed to fit a particular application, or can be replaced by a new one.

A program can be created, can be changed, or have its parameters modified through a PC. The PC will need an appropriate interface, the CONF600 Plus. The CONF600 Plus is a powerful user interface; it can be installed in a laptop or PDA and can be executed in the field as far as the hardware allows. The configuration is drawn with control blocks and links, in part, as a control diagram or a wiring diagram in a CAD system. In the Help windows, parameter information, options and limits can be found.

The CONF600 Plus allows continuous access to all parameters and input/output monitoring parameters of the blocks, becoming easier to troubleshoot configuration failures. The CONF600 Plus also supplies user documentation with configuration hardcopies, and disk storage. Please refer to the CONF600 Plus section in this manual for further details.

Example of a Configuration

The following control strategy can be implemented on the CD600 Plus:

The Fluid B flow should be controlled to be the same as Fluid A. There is an example in section 4, Function 12 - ARTH, where Fluids A and B are constantly controlled.

It is recommended to draw the configuration control using the block library as a reference. The drawing should have block and terminal numbers, as indicate in the following figure:

3.2

Figure 3.1. Designed Control Loop

Page 17

Programming

Figure 3.2. Configuration of a Control Loop

The procedures above described are used to configure the controller through the CONF600 Plus. There will be only one loop in the new configuration. It is necessary to adjust the identification

address of the CD600 Plus. A) Adjusting the identification address of the CD600 Plus:

• Press the <ACK> key in the front panel of the CD600 Plus and keep it pressed for a few seconds until the display changes its message.

• Then, press the <ACK> and <DSP> keys together, the panel will show the controller’s ID address.

• Adjust the numeric values on the display using the keys <Δ> or <∇>. When the address is “1”, it means the controller only accepts communication from the Hand-Held Terminal. Addresses from “2” to “30” are the addresses programmed for the controller on the serial communication network.

• Click on the <LP> key to return to normal operation.

B) Starting up the CONF600 Plus:

• From the Start menu, open Programs > Smar > CONF600 Plus > CONF600 Plus.

3.3

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CD600 Plus - User’s Manual

• Start a project file clicking in New, , on the toolbar.

• Right click on Loop G on the palette and type “FIC100” as project name.

• With another right click on Loop 1, “Flow” can be the name of the other loop.

C) Adding blocks in the configuration:

• Click on the Loop 1 palette. Select the Node tool,

, and click on the drawing area to add the

indicated blocks in the table below. Locate the blocks in the drawing area as indicated in figure

3.3.

Function Block Block ID

AI (Analog Input) 001 AI (Analog Input) 002 Simple PID 043 A/M (Auto/Manual Station) 035 CO (Current Output) 009 FV (Front View) 027

• The drawing area should look like this:

D) Connecting the blocks:

• Select the Node tool,

• Place the cursor on the PID block (043), and click on the Link menu to open it. Click in output B.

• Repeat these steps to connect the other blocks in this configuration, as indicated in the following

figure:

3.4

, and click on the AI Block (001) to open the Link menu. Click in output

Page 19

Programming

E) Editing the parameters:

• Click on the Select tool,

, and right click on the block for the popup menu to appear. Select the option Edit Parameters to open the dialog box of each block and adjust the parameter values as indicated in the following table:

Function Block Parameters Description Default Value New Value

PID (043) AKp Proportional Gain 0.30 1.20 PID (043) ATr Reset Time (min/cycle) 10.00 2.00 AI (001) CSQR Square Root 0.00 1.00

F) Initializing the communication:

• Click the Online button,

, to open the Online dialog box .

• Select the identification address number in the Address box and click in Look. The CONF600 Plus will search for devices connected to the PC.

3.5

Page 20

CD600 Plus - User’s Manual

G) Downloading the configuration:

• Once the controller is selected, click on Download to download the block configuration for the controller.

H) Monitoring the blocks: The block outputs can be m onitored while the controller is operating, thus

not disturbing the process. The user can monitor the block output, by selecting the block and pressing the <M> key.

• On the Online dialog box, click in the Go Online button for the values to be shown.

3.6

Page 21

Section 4

FUNCTION BLOCKS LIBRARY

4.1

Page 22

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

Function Table

FUNCTION MNEM BLOCK NUMBER DESCRIPTION PAGE Nº

01 AI 001/002/003/004/005/006/007/008 ANALOG INPUT 4.3

02 CO 009/010/011/012 CURRENT OUTPUT 4.4

03 VO 013/014/015/016 VOLTAGE OUTPUT 4.5

04 DI 017/018 DIGITAL INPUT 4.6

05 DO 019/020/021/022/023/024/025/026 DIGITAL OUTPUT 4.7

06 FV 027/028/029/030 FRONT VIEW 4.8

07 L/R 031/032/033/034 LOCAL/REMOTE SP SELECTOR 4.10

08 A/M 035/036/037/038 AUTOMATIC/MANUAL STATION 4.13

09 APID 039/040/041/042 ADVANCED PID 4.17

10 PID 043/044/045/046 SIMPLE PID 4.26

11 STEP 047/048/049/050 STEP CONTROLLER 4.30

12 ARTH 051/052/053/054/055/056 MULTIPLIER-DIVIDER-ADDER-SUBTRACTOR 4.33

13 SQR 057/058 SQUARE ROOT 4.37

14 LIN 059/060 LINEARIZATION 4.38

15 LL 061/062 DERIVATIVE/LEAD-LAG 4.40

16 PTC 063/064 PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION 4.43

17 POL 065/066 POLYNOMIAL 4.47

18 TOT 067/068/069/070 TOTALIZATION 4.49

19 P/DI 071/072 PULSE TOTALIZATION INPUT 4.51

20 BAT 073/074 BATCH COMPARATOR 4.55

21 SPG 075/076 SETPOINT GENERATOR 4.56

22 ALM 077/078/079/080 DOUBLE ALARM 4.58

23 LIMT 081/082/083/084 LIMITER WITH ALARM 4.60

24 LOG 085/086/087/088/089/090 LOGIC 4.63

25 TMR 091/092 TIMER 4.65

26 H/L 093/094/095/096 HIGH/LOW SELECTOR 4.67

27 SSEL 097/098 INTERNAL/EXTERNAL SELECTOR 4.68

28 ADJ 099/100/101/102 CONSTANT ADJUSTER 4.69

29 ISEL 103/104/105/106 INPUT SELECTOR 4.70

30 OSEL 107/108 OUTPUT SELECTOR 4.71

31 PNT 109/110/111/112/113/114/115/116 LINEARIZATION CURVE 4.72

32 GV 117 GENERAL VISUALIZATION 4.75

33 K 118 CONSTANTS 4.76

34 SCN 119 SCAN 4.77

35 PRM 120 SCAN/ACTUATION OF THE PARAMETERS PID 4.79

36 ATU 121 ACTUATION 4.80

37 DIT 122/123/124/125 DIGITAL INPUT WITH TIMER CONTROL 4.83

4.2

Page 23

Function 01 - Analog Input (AI)

Library of Function Blocks

Operation

All the analog inputs have a corresponding Analog Input block. The analog input 2, for example, which is connected to terminal 2, corresponds to block BLK002. The input to the circuit is always a voltage signal (0-5 V or 1-5 V). If a current signal (0-20 mA or 4-20 mA) be used, a Shunt resistor shall be placed in the corresponding terminal block position.

The input signal passes through an analog second order BESSEL filter with cutoff frequency at 15 Hz.

The result is converted into a digital number and in this form, it passes through a four point calibration process in which 0V, 1V, 3V and 5V are made to correspond respectively to 0, 20, 60 and 100% for 0-20 mA/0-5 V input and -25, 0, 50 and 100% for 4-20 mA/1-5 V input. See the CALIBRATION section for further details.

After conditioning, the signal is digitally filtered with an adjustable time constant. It can be linearized in accordance with a curve established in the Function 31 - Linearization Curve (Blo cks 109 to

116), configured in Loop G. This curve is selected by CLIN and may be used with 13 or 26 pairs of

points x, y, interconnected by straigh line segments. The curves that may be performed are show on table 4.31.1 page 4.59.

The signal can also have square root extraction, selectable by CSQR. The square root has an adjustable cutoff point (ACUT) for low signals. All values below ACUT will be considered 0%.

Parameter CSQR permits input signal selection (4-20 mA/1-5 V or 0-20 mA/0-5 V) and to decide whether square root will be extracted.

In Burnout (signal after calibration smaller than -2% or greater than +102%), an Alarm can be indicated on the front panel (if CFRT=1) and a Burnout alarm signal can be activated. This signal can be used, for example, to switch the process variable to another input through a block of the

Function 29 - Input Selector or to force the controller's output to an emergency position.

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I CFRT "Burnout" indication on the front panel

Linearization

I CLIN

(See Table 4.31.1 on Function 31 – Linearization Curve)

I CSQR Signal Selection and Square Root extraction

P ACUT Cutoff level for square root extraction 0.00 - 100.00% 1.00%

P ATIM Filter time constant 0.00 - 30.00s 0.20s

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 4 C = 6 L = 0

0-No/1-Yes 2-Yes with Auto Ack 0-No 1?8/Curves 1?8 9-Curves 1 and 2 10-Curves 3 and 4 11-Curves 5 and 6 12-Curves 7 and 8 0-No (1 to 5V or 4 to 20mA) 1-Yes (1 to 5V or 4 to 20mA) 2-No (0 to 5V or 0 to 20mA) 3-Yes (0 to 5V or 0 to 20mA)

4.3

Page 24

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

Function 02 - Current Output (CO)

Operation

The block input, in percentage, is calibrated and converted into an analog current signal. A feedback of this current is sent to a comparator, which also receives the input signal. If there is a deviation greater than the ADEV (allowable deviation) parameter, the discrete output Deviation will be activated. This signal may, for example, be connected to the input H of a block of Function 06 - Front View, in order to make the MV bargraph blink, warning the operator that something is wrong or to activate any other type of alarm.

This alarm indicates, for example, that the current loop has an interruption. There is a parameter in the block, which allows the output type to change according to the type of actuator used.

Actuator type:

- "Air to Open" - CVTP = 0 or 2 / output 0-100% corresponds to 4-20 mA

- "Air to Close" - CVTP = 1 or 3 / output 0-100% corresponds to 20-4 mA

This enables the operator to have always 0% corresponding to a closed valve and 100% to an open valve.

It is essential to calibrate the output according to the specifications. For example, for a 0-20 mA signal in block 011, the output current at terminal 35 shall be calibrated with 0-20 mA and CVTP shall have the code 2.

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LIA Input A - Output Signal

Address 0 to 170/225 to 240

0-Direct (4 to 20 mA)

I CVTP Type of Output

1-Reverse (20 to 4 mA) 2-Direct (0 to 20 mA)

3-Reverse (20 to 0 mA)

I CFRT

Front Panel Indication of deviation between the desired and actual current

0-No/1-Yes/2-Yes with Auto Ack. 0

P ADEV Maximum allowable deviation 0.00 - 100.00% 5.00%

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 2 C = 4 L = 2

4.4

Page 25

Function 03 - Voltage Output (VO)

Library of Function Blocks

BLK 013/014/015/016

CALIBRATION

100 %

VOLTAGE

DRIVER

0 %

6 /7/8/9

Operation

The block input in percentage is calibrated and converted into an analog voltage signal sent to the terminal block.

This block includes a parameter, which allows signal type selection, i.e., it makes 0-100% correspond to 1-5 Vdc/0-5 Vdc (direct type) or to 5-1 Vdc/ 5-0 vdc (reverse type).

The corresponding output shall be calibrated as per the specifications to 1-5 Vdc or to 0-5 Vdc (see Calibration Section for further details).

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFA ULT

I LIA Input A - output signal

I CVTP Type of output

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 0 C = 2 L = 2

Address 0 to 170/225 to 240

0 - Direct (1 to 5V) 1 - Reverse (5 to 1V) 2 - Direct (0 to 5V) 3 - Reverse (5 to 0V)

4.5

Page 26

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

Function 04 - Digital Input (DI)

BLK 017/018

3-24V OR OPEN CONTACT

13 14

(HIGH LEVEL)

0-1,7V

OR CLOSED

CONTACT

(LOW LEVEL)

Operation

If the input block terminal is open (impedance > 50 KΩ) in relation to the Digital Ground terminal or with a voltage between 3 and 24 Vdc, the signal will be considered as high logic level and the value 100% (high logic level) will be available in the block output.

If, on the other hand, the input is short-circuited (impedance < 200Ω) or with a voltage between 0 and 1.7 Vdc, the signal will be considered as low logic level and the value 0% (low logic level) will be at the block output.

This condition can be inverted by the parameter CNOT.

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

CH1

21/22

I CNOT Inverts Interpretation 0 - No/1 – Yes 0

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 0 C = 2 L = 0

4.6

Page 27

Function 05 - Digital Output (DO)

Library of Function Blocks

Operation

This block can perform a logic operation with inputs A and B. The output is sent to a two-position selector switch. The other position is connected to input C. A high logic level at D, switches CH1 to position "1", making the output equal to safety input C.

The logic operation to be performed by the block is defined by the parameter CLOG according to the table 4.5.1:

INPUT OUTPUT

A B OR AND XOR NOR NAND NXOR

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1

Table 4.5.1 - Truth table for digital

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LIA Input A 0 I LIB Input B 0 I LIC Safety input C 0 I LID Input D to activate safety input

I CLOG Logic function

0 - OR/1 - AND/2 - XOR 3 - NOR/4 - NAND/5 - NXOR

Addresses

0 to 170/225 to 240

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 0 C = 2 L = 8

4.7

Page 28

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

Function 06 - Front View (FV)

Operation

This block leads inputs A, B, C to bargraphs SP, PV and MV respectively, and in the default condition, associates these inputs to the mnemonics SP, PV and MV on the display.

Thus, the use of this block is limited to one per loop. Inputs A, B, D, E, F and G can be visualized on the alphanumeric display and scrolled by key

<DSP>. Input C will be visualized only by pressing key < > or key < >. Blocks that have manual adjustment registers, operated by keys <Δ> or <∇> must be connected to

the Loop Visualization block. An adjustment can be performed only while the variable is being visualized; the LED "Adjust" indicates that adjustment can be done.

The blocks with the manual adjustment feature are Local/Remote Selector, Setpoint Generator, Internal/ External Selector and Constant Adjuster.

The blocks with adjustment capability have the outputs identified by numbers equal or greater than

225. The Input Selector block also allows manual adjustment of blocks with this feature whose output is connected to the Input of the Input Selector block. Notice that its output numbering is greater than 225.

VISUALIZATION All inputs, except C and G, may have the three-character mnemonics changed and the indication configured in engineering units.

Input C appears on the display when < > or < > is pressed. Input G, if connected to a block of the Function 18 - Totalization or Function 19 - Pulse

Totalization Input, will show an eight-digit number. Connecting it to any other block, it will operate as a 4 digit display.

Input H - Bargraph Flashing - can be used to blink the MV bar. It is activated with a high logic level signal. This input can be used, for example, to show a deviation or break in the current output from a block of Function 02 - Current Output.

If one of the inputs A, B, D, E or F be shown in the Alphanumeric Display and its indication in engineering units exceeds 10000, the display will show the message "++++" instead of the input value. If this indication be lower than -10000, the message displayed will be " - - - -".

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LIA

I LIB

I LIC

I LID

I LIE

I LIF

I LIG

I LIH

Input A - SP Input B - PV Input C – MV Input D Input E Input F Input G - Counter type Input Input H - blink MV bargraph

Addresses

0 to 170 / 225 to 240

4.8

Page 29

Library of Function Blocks

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

M AMSP Three-character mnemonic for SP *** SP

R ASPZ 0% for SP in engineering units -10000 to 10000 0

R ASPM 100% for SP in engineering units -10000 to 10000 100.00

M AMPV Three-character mnemonic for PV *** PV

R APVZ 0% for PV in engineering units -10000 to 10000 0

R APVM 100% for PV in engineering units -10000 to 10000 100.00

M AMND Three-character mnemonic for D *** MND

R A-DZ 0% for D in engineering units -10000 to 10000 0

R A-DM 100% for D in engineering units -10000 to 10000 100.00

M AMNE Three-character mnemonic for E *** MNE

R A-EZ 0% for E in engineering units -10000 to 10000 0

R A-EM 100% for E in engineering units -10000 to 10000 100.00

M AMNF Three-character mnemonic for F *** MNF

R A-FZ 0% for F in engineering units -10000 to 10000 0

R A-FM 100% for F in engineering units -10000 to 10000 100.00

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 60 C = 0 L = 16

4.9

Page 30

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

Function 07 - Local/Remote SP Selector (L/R)

BLK 031/032/033/034

RATE OF

CHANGE

LIMITER

0-R

1-L

L/R

DSP

0-R

CH2

225/226

REMOTE

LOCAL

227/228

31/33 35/37

32/34 36/38

CH1

1-L

This block allows Setpoint selection by pressing the key <L/R> (Local/Remote), Setpoint adjustment by pressing keys <Δ> and <∇> and the selection and adjustment of several Setpoints related functions.

Actuation in Local mode is possible in two ways: a) By the internal Register of the block, which is actuated by the <Δ> and <∇> keys of the front

panel, when the Set Point is selected on the display. The output of the block must be connected to a block of Function 06 - Front View or Function 32 - General Visualization.

b) By input B, that can be connected to the output of another block. The use of B automatically

cancels the internal register action. The block becomes an input selector.

Transfer from Local to Remote and vice versa is possible in two ways: a) By using the <L/R> key of the front panel, that actuates the switch CH1. In this case, the LED "L"

of the corresponding loop will light up when Local mode is selected.

b) By a high logic level at input C, that actuates the switch CH2 and "forces" Local mode. In this

case, the LED "L" of the corresponding loop will remain blinking while input C is with high level.

The following tables summarize the block status for the different combinations of CH1, CH2 and input B.

INPUT B CONNECTED

CH1 INPUT C LED L OUTPUT

R 0 - INPUT A

R 1 FLASHING INPUT B

L 0 LIT INPUT B

L 1 LIT INPUT B

Table 4.7.1 - Block output and LED action according CH1 (R/L key) and CH2 ("C" input)

position, with input "B" connected.

INPUT B NOT CONNECTED

CH1 INPUT C LED L OUTPUT

R 0 - INPUT A

R 1 FLASHING INTERNAL REGISTER

L 0 LIT INTERNAL REGISTER

L 1 LIT INTERNAL REGISTER

Table 4.7.2 - Block output and LED action according CH1 (R/L key) and CH2 ("C" input)

position, with input "B" not connected.

Operation

4.10

Page 31

Library of Function Blocks

AAA

The controller can also be locked in Local or in Remote by the parameter CLKR.

After a power interruption, the controller will return to operation in the mode (Local or Remote) selected by the parameter CTON.

The block features bumpless Local-Remote transfer, with adjustable changing rate (Slew Rate, ASLW). This feature avoids abrupt changes in the Setpoint, and, consequently, in the process, when the Setpoint is switched from Local to Remote.

Remote to Local transfer is balanced, that is, the Local register tracks the Remote Setpoint, when operating in Remote mode. This can be used to implement Setpoint tracking when the loop is in manual.

In a Setpoint tracking configuration the SP=PV in manual mode. The PV is manually adjusted to the desired Setpoint by using the MV < the Setpoint will remain.

> and < >. Then he can switch back to automatic mode and

The LOG block inverts the MANUAL status signal to a AUTOMATIC, since Local Setpoint is desired in automatic mode.

001

PID

039

035

225

131

L/R 031

LOG 085

CLKR=1

CNOT=1 CLOG=

Fig 4.7.1 L/R Selector Configuration for Setpoint Tracking

The maximum and minimum limits for the Local Setpoint actuator are established in the parameters ALOW and AUPP.

If it is necessary to have limits on the Remote Setpoint, this shall be done by means of Function 23 - Limiter with Alarm.

In addition to the analog signal generated internally (in Local mode) or externally (in Remote Mode), the block has two discrete outputs; the first is at high logic level when the block is in Remote mode and the second is at high logic level when the operating mode is Local.

When one of the outputs 225/226/227 or 228 is visualized on the Alphanumeric Display and the block is in Local mode, the register may be actuated by the Front Panel (Local Setpoint). Besides, should this output signal be from inputs A or B (Remote Setpoint), and this input is linked to the output of an adjustment block, this adjustment block will also be actuated by the Front Panel. This feature is used in the following configuration.

ADD

099

233

L/R 031

255

FV 027

Fig 4.7.2 - L/R Selector Configuration for Internal or External Register Actuation

4.11

Page 32

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

In the above configuration, when in Local mode, actuation is performed in the register of Block 031 and, in Remote mode, in Block 099, although the visualized output is that of Block 031.

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LIA Input A - Variable to Remote Mode 0

I LIB Input B - Variable to Local Mode 0

I LIC Input C - Forces Local Mode

0 to 170 / 225 to 240

Addresses

I CLKR Locks switch CH1 in: 0-No Lock/1-Remote/2-Local 2

0 - Last mode

I CTON Starting condition after power failure

1 – Local 2 – Remote

P ASLW

Maximum rate-of-change in Remote mode

1.00 - 200.00%/s 200.00%/s

P ASPD Register actuation speed 0.00 - 200.00%/s 10.00%/s

P ALOW Register lower limit -102.00 to +102.00% 0.00%

P AUPP Register upper limit -102.00 to +102.00% 100.00%

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 8 C = 4 L = 6

4.12

Page 33

Function 08 - Automatic/Manual Station (A/M)

Operation

This block allows the operator to actuate the controller output directly, whenever necessary. In the most common application, the output signal of one of the PID blocks is linked to the input A of

the A/M block, its output being linked to a current output block.

If the other inputs of this block are not used, switches CH3 and CH2 are permanently in position "0".

Switch CH1 may then be actuated by pressing the key <A/M> on the front panel, thus altering the operation mode:

a) AUTOMATIC (CH1 in position "0"): letter M is unlit in the corresponding loop. Input A signal goes

to the block output after passing by a rate-of-change limiter (parameter ASLW) and by an output signal limiter (parameters ALOW and AUPP).

b) MANUAL (CH1 in position "1"): letter M is lit in the corresponding loop. Output signal may then

be adjusted by the keys < with the limits set by parameters ALOW and AUPP.

Manual to Automatic transfer may be bumpless or hard. Both modes are described in the PID block functions.

Automatic to Manual transfer is always balanceless. The register, actuated by the keys < > and < >, always tracks the value available at the output of the Rate-of-Change limiter while in automatic operation.

After a power failure or a manual reset of the controller, switch CH1 returns to operation according to parameter CHST; it may return in Manual, Automatic or in the last position prior to the power failure or to the reset.

It is also possible to block the <A/M> key, locking the controller in Automatic or Manual, by means of the parameter CCH1.

FORCED MANUAL Forced Manual mode is implemented by actuating switch CH2 by means of input D:

a) A low logic level in D keeps CH2 in position "0" (NORMAL OPERATION). b) A high logic level in D switches CH2 to position "1" (FORCED MANUAL). In this situation, the

Other features may be added to this mode. For further information, see description of parameters

CCH1, CST1, CLAM and CLMV. SAFETY OUTPUT

The controller output may be driven to a safe value by switching CH3 to position "1", by means of input C of the block. The output signal will then be the input B signal. This may be a constant or a variable value, depending on which block it is originated.

If CH1 is in position "1" (equivalent to Manual), the letter M of the corresponding loop will be continuously lit and the output signal will be the signal of input B in the instant prior to CH3 switching.

> and < >, its speed being determined by parameter ASPD,

Library of Function Blocks

4.13

Page 34

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

4.14

If CH1 is in position "0" (equivalent to Automatic), the letter M will blink faster than when in Forced Manual and the signal at the output will be the same signal of input B.

The position of switch CH1 after input C returning to a low logic level is determined by parameter CSA1, with the following options: last position, position "1" and position "0". This may imply in Manual or Automatic operation if input D is with low logic level.

Other features may be added to this mode. For further information, see description of parameters

CCH1, CST1, CLAM and CLMV. INPUT B CONNECTED

INPUTS SWITCHES LED M

C D CH3 CH1 CH2

OUTPUT

0 0 0 0 0 INPUT A UNLIT 0 0 0 1 0 INTERNAL REGISTER LIT 1 0 1 0 0 INPUT B FAST FLASH 1 0 1 1 0 INTERNAL REGISTER LIT 0 1 0 0 1 INTERNAL REGISTER SLOW FLASH 0 1 0 1 1 INTERNAL REGISTER LIT 1 1 1 0 1 INTERNAL REGISTER SLOW FLASH 1 1 1 1 1 INTERNAL REGISTER LIT

Table 4.8.1 - Truth table

Observe that the parameters CCHI, CST1 and CSA1 can affect the CH1 position in function of the input C and/or D status independent of the A/M key. Although, configuration of those parameters can automatically alter the table line, as it can suppress some lines.

CCH1 - ACTUATION OF CH1 This parameter determines if switch CH1 will be actuated only by the front panel or with CH2 and/or CH3, or if it will be locked in "0" (AUTO) or in "1" (MANUAL).

CH1 is actuated simultaneously with CH2 or CH3 when inputs C or D, have high logic level. CH1 position, when actuated by CH2 and/or CH3 is described in parameter CST1. The position of CH1, when CH3 returns to position "0", is defined in parameter CSA1.

CST1 - POSITION OF CH1 WITH CH2 AND CH3 ACTUATED This parameter determines CH1 position when inputs C or D are with high logic level and parameter CCH1 is programmed with 3, 4 or 5.

When input C returns to logic level "0", switch CH1 will take the position determined by parameter CSA1. After CH1 is actuated by input D, it may be free to be actuated by the <A/M> key since this is

not locked (parameter CLAM=1 or 3). CH1 position when input D returns to a low logic level will be the position of CH1 just before CH2 switching. Such position is indicated on the front panel as follows:

- "M" blinking: CH1 in position "0" (equivalent to automatic when CH2 returns to position "0").

- "M" continuously lit: CH1 in position "1" (equivalent to Manual). CLAM - LOCKS A/M KEY

This parameter locks the front panel <A/M> key, thus preventing the actuation of switch CH1 when inputs C and/or D have high logic level.

This feature prevents the operator from actuating the <A/M> key during situations of "safety output" or "forced manual".

CLMV - LOCKS < > AND < > KEYS This parameter locks the front panel keys <

> and < >, thus preventing the alteration of the output

value while in Manual mode, when inputs C and/or D have high logic level.

This prevents the operator from changing the output signal during situations of "safety output" or "forced manual".

Page 35

Library of Function Blocks

CHST - RESTART CONDITION

CHST configure the operating mode of the respective loop after a power interruption. CLIM-OUTPUT LIMITER ONLY ON AUTOMATIC

The output limiter actuates normally in both operating modes: manual and automatic. CLIM allows the limiter to actuate only on the automatic mode.

EXAMPLES:

1) As an emergency situation defined by a high logic level signal, the control output shall remain in the last value prior to the emergency, unless the operator decides to change it. If the emergency situation disappear, the control shall remain in manual mode.

Solution: This is a "Forced Manual" situation. The emergency signal shall be linked to input D and the following parameters shall be configured:

CST1 = 0 → CH1 goes to or remains in position "1" (Manual) whenever an emergency situation

occurs.

CCH1 = 3 → Input D signal switches CH1. CSA1 = → any value. CLMV = 0 → The keys < > and < > shall operate. CLAM = 1→ Locks the <A/M> key, thus preventing CH1 to be switched to position "0", allowing return

in Automatic mode.

In the same emergency situation described above, the output signal shall go to 2%, remaining in this value throughout the emergency situation. When the emergency signal disappear, the controller shall remain in manual mode.

Solution: This is a "Safety Output" situation. The emergency signal shall be linked to Input C, the

value 2% (from an adjustment block or a constant value block) shall be linked to Input B and the following parameters shall be configured:

CST1 = 1 → CH1 goes to or remains in position "0" (Auto). The output will be the input B value in the

instant of CH3 switching.

CCH1 = 4 → Input C signal switches CH1. CSA1 = 1 → Controller shall remain in Manual after the emergency signal drops. CLMV = 2 → The keys < > and < > are locked as long as the emergency signal is present. CLAM = 2 → CH1 is locked since the emergency signal is present.

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFA ULT

I LIA Input A (Automatic) 0

I LIB Input B (Safety) 0

I LIC Input C (Safety Switch) 0

I LID Input D (Forced Manual)

Addresses 0 to 170 / 225 to 240

0 - Position 1 (Manual Position in

I CST1

CH1 position when inputs C or D have a high logic level and parameter CCH1 ? 0, 1 or 2

normal operation)

1 - Position 0 (Automatic Position in

normal operation)

0 - <A/M> Key 1 - Locks in Position 0 (AUTO)

I CCH1 Actuation of CH1

2 - Locks in Position 1 (MANUAL) 3 - <A/M> Key or Input D

4 - <A/M> Key or Input C 5 - <A/M> Key or Inputs C or D

I CSA1

CH1 position when input C returns to a low logic level

0 - Last Position 1 - Position 1 - (MANUAL) 2 - Position 0 - (AUTO)

4.15

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CD600 Plus - User's Manual

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFA ULT

0 - No Lock 1 - When Input D has a high logic level

I CLMV Locks < > and < > keys

2 - When Input C has a high logic level

0 3 - When Inputs C or D have a high logic level

0 - No Lock 1 - When Input D has a high logic level

I CLAM Locks <A/M> key

2 - When Input C has a high logic level

0 3 - When Inputs C or D have a high logic level

I CHST

Restart condition - Operating mode after power interruption

I CLIM Output limiter only on Automatic

0 – Last 1 – Manual 2 - Auto

0 - Manual and Auto 1 - Auto

I ASPD Actuation Speed in Manual 0.00-200.00%/s 10.00%/s

I ALOW Lower Limit -2.00 to +102.00% -2.00%

I AUPP Upper Limit -2.00 to +102.00% +102.00%

I ASLW Slew Rate for the Automatic mode 1.00 to 200.00%/s 200.00%/s

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 8 C = 14 L = 8

4.16

Page 37

Function 09 - Advanced PID (PID)

ADBLK 039/040/041/042

Library of Function Blocks

EXT

PV DEV OUT

FEEDBACK

CURVE n

GAIN

PI.D

PID

I.PD

SAMPLING

TRACK FB

DEVIATION

WITH TIME-OUT

LARM

47/49 51/53

48/50 52/54

Operation

This block offers a wide range of control algorithms, using the traditional Proportional (P), Integral (I) and Derivative (D) modes in various arrangements.

There are two choices of PID algorithm: one is the parallel, ideal and the other is noninteractive, ISA algorithm. Calculation of the PID prevents the saturation of the output by the integral mode (antireset-windup). Saturation limits are adjustable by the user, a unique feature of the SMAR CD600 Digital Controller, that brings more flexibility to the control strategy.

Manual to Automatic transfer may be bumpless or hard. Bumpless transfer makes the automatic mode start from the last manual value prior to the switching. Hard transfer will add to this value the proportional action: (K Automatic/Manual Station, must be connected to input D (Feedback) and the Status signal of the Auto/Manual block must be connected to input E (track FB).

This block allows selection of the following control types: Sample and Hold, Quadratic Error, GAP and Adaptative Gain.

TYPE OF PID (CTYP) PI.D - The P and I act on the deviation, and D on the Process Variable. In this way, the output signal

follows the changes of the Setpoint according to the Proportional and Integral actions, but does not give an undesirable impulse due to the Derivative action. This option is the most recommended for the majority of applications with Setpoint adjustable by the operator.

PID - The P,I and D actions act on the deviation. In this way, the output signal changes when there are changes on the Process Variable or on the Setpoint. This option is recommended for ratio control or for the slave controller of a cascade.

I.PD - In this type only the Integral mode acts on the deviation. Changes on the Setpoint cause variation of the output according to the Integral mode, which is a very smooth effect. It is recommended for processes that can be upset by abrupt changes of the Setpoint. This is the case of heating processes with high proportional gain.

PI-SAMPLING - In this option, when there is a deviation, the output signal changes according to the PI algorithm during a time t0. Then, the output signal is kept constant during a time t1. If the deviation persists, the signal will vary again during t (adjusted by CSAM), and the actuation time is t processes with high dead time.

.e). In both cases the output signal of the block of Function 08 -

, and will remain constant during t1. The period is t0+t1,

(adjusted by CSON). This type is recommended for

4.17

Page 38

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

Fig 4.9.1 - PI Sampling

ACTION (CACT)

There are processes that require the output signal to increase when the Process Variable increases,

hile others require the other way around. w

Parameter CACT selects the type of action:

TYPE 0, 2, 4 or 6 - Output signal decreases when PV increases

eSPP

=−

()

YPE 1, 3, 5 or 7 - Output signal ncreases when PV increases. T

=−

()

In order to standardize operation, it is recommended to consider that an output signal equal to 100% means valve open and that an output signal equal to 0% means valve closed. Operation of the front

s follows the same principle: panel key

100%

OPENS THE VALVE

According to this procedure MV=100% means always valve open and MV=0% means always valve closed.

If the actuated valve is "Air-to-open", MV=100% must be equivalent to 20 mA. Valves type Air-toclose will require 100% being equivalent to 4 mA. This may be selected in Function 02 - Current Output.

uning by the Front Panel T

Parameter CACT also defines if the block allows changes on the tuning parameters through the

ront panel adjustment is selected when CACT=0, 1, 4 or 5. F

4.18

CLOSES THE VALVE

PID constants ahead). front panel push buttons or not (see

Page 39

Library of Function Blocks

Control Algorithm

The CD600 offers two control algorithms:

Parallel or Ideal algorithm

= ) MV(t ∫

Noninteractive or ISA algorithm

= ) MV(t ∫

+ ) e(t

+ ) [e(t

+ )dt e(t.

) de(t

]

Parameters 0, 1, 2 or 3 select the parallel or ideal. Parameters 4, 5, 6 or 7 select the noninteractive or ISA.

For the noninteractive option, when Kp=0 the controller is automatically set as ID.

QUADRATIC ERROR (CETY) The control deviation (or error) normally used in the CD600 controller calculations is given by:

e = SP - PV When "Output decreases when PV increases" is selected.

e = PV -SP When "Output increases when PV increases" is selected.

There are processes where the deviations in relation to the Setpoint are preferable to disturbances caused by the controller on downstream processes. Therefore, the control actuation should be small for small deviations and increase gradually with the size of the deviation. A typical example of this type of process is the level control of a tank where the Setpoint is not as important as the flow stability downstream the tank. This type of process can be controlled with the adaptative gain, the control with gap, or the quadratic error in-stead of the linear (normal) error.

In the quadratic error (CETY=1), the error to be considered in the PID calculations is given by:

/e/e

⋅

100

ê = error to be considered in the PID calculation.

CONSIDERED ERROR

100%

LINEAR (NORMAL)

QUADRATIC

100%

ERROR = e

Fig 4.9.2 - Quadratic Error x Normal Error

4.19

Page 40

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

)

GAP CONTROL (CBND AND CSGA)

There are applications where the control is unstable near the Setpoint due to actuator dead band, noise or other reasons. In this case, it is advisable to have a controller with a differentiated action around the Setpoint.

The gap control or gap with special gain can be used to solve this problem. EXAMPLE: Considered error (ê) for a gap control with a band equal to 10% (CBND=10) and special gain equal

to zero (CSGA=0).

ê[%]

-2

-30

Fig 4.9.3 - Gap Control with Gain=0

-10

-20

CBND

20 30

e[%]

Some processes may require a special gain within the band. In such cases, it is possible to select a factor at parameter CSGA which multiplies the error, thus making the error to be considered in the

PID calculations to be:

ê=e.CSGA

Thus, the control action will be, within the Gap, faster when CSGA>1 and slower when CSGA<1. For CBND=0 (null band) the gap control is not activated.

10%

-10%

10%

-10% CBND

20%

-10%

10%

CBND

CONTROL WITH ADAPTATIVE GAIN (CIAG, CLIN, CAAD)

The adaptative gain modifies the PID constants by a factor G. This factor G follows a curve of 13 or 26 points as a function of the Setpoint SP, of the Process Variable PV, of the deviation (error) DEV, of the output OUT, or of an external variable EXT. The type of signal that generates the gain curve is selected in parameter CIAG.

Curve selection is performed by CLIN. The points of the curve are specified in the General Loop, in blocks of the Function 31 - Linearization Curve. The curves that may be performed are shown on Table 4.31.1 (page 4.59).

4.20

BAND = CBND = 10% GAIN IN BAND = CSGA = 0.5

BAND = CBND = 10% GAIN IN BAND = CSGA = 2.0

Fig 4.9.4 - Gap Control - (a) Gain < 1, (b) Gain > 1

Page 41

Library of Function Blocks

The points of the adaptative gain curve are given as percentage of the selected variable on the axis of the abscissa X and by the gain G on the axis of ordinate Y. The gain modifies the tuned constants: KP, TR and TD into KP' , TR' and TD' as follows:

KpG Kp' ⋅=

DD T G 'T ⋅=

Gain G may affect the PID, PI, P, I and D actions. Selection is performed by parameter CAAD which also inhibits Adaptative Gain action when CAAD=0. The adaptative gain is recommended for highly nonlinear controls. A classic example of adaptative gain is the drum level control of a boiler.

TEAM

LIC

WATER

Fig 4.9.5 - Simple Drum Level Control of a Boiler

The volume variations are nonlinear with the level variations. The dotted line of Figure 4.9.6 show the volume gain with the level. Note that the volume varies slowly (low gain), around 50% level and varies very fast (high gain) around the level extremes. The control action must have a gain that is the inverse of the process gain. This is shown by the continuous line of Fig 4.9.6.

AIN

CONTROLLER GAIN

PROCESS GAIN

50%

100%

LEVEL

Fig 4.9.6 - Process and Controller Gain

The adaptative gain characteristic can be configured as shown in Fig 4.9.7. This curve can be represented by the following points of Curve 1: (X1 = 0; Y1 = 0.2; X2 = 20; Y2 = 0.8; X3 = 40; Y3 =

.96; etc.). 0

4.21

Page 42

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

FACTOR G

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

50%

100%

LEVEL

Fig 4.9.7 - Gain Curve as a Function of PV

While planning the configuration, observe the following:

It is not necessary to use all 13 points of the curve.

It is fundamental to use the 0% and the 100% of the determining variable (-100 and +100% for the Error).

It is recommendable to program the variable up to 102%, since the variable may be above 100%.

4. Tuning is normally done for G = 1. In the example, the control becomes slower above or below 50% of the level.

Adaptative Gain is also very useful for pH control. ANTIRESET-WINDUP (CARL AND CARU)

The control algorithm automatically stops the contribution of the integral mode when the output signal reaches the limits of 0 or 100%. Contributions of the Proportional and Derivative modes are not affected.

The CD600 has a unique feature: the adjustment of the limits for the integral mode saturation. It is normally fixed at 0% (CARL) and 100% (CARU), but can be narrowed, allowing quicker

responses and avoiding overshoot in heating processes, for example. PID CONSTANTS (AKp, ATr, ATd)

The table is self-explanatory. It is good to remember that the Proportional action is in terms of Gain and not of Proportional Band. Bigger Kp means more action. The Integral action is in terms of minutes per repeats, not repeats per minute. Smaller T

means more Integral action.

PID constants may be adjusted by the Hand Held Programmer or the controller's front panel (see tuning procedures). In order to inhibit tuning by the front panel, simply configure parameter CACT (action) with 2, 3, 6 or 7 instead of 0, 1, 4 or 5.

DEVIATION ALARM (AMXD, ATOD) These parameters establish the alarm limit for the control deviation or error (AMXD) and for how long this deviation may be tolerated without alarm activation (ATOD).

If AMXD=5 and ATOD=0.5, the block will set the "Dev-time-out" output to high logic level if a 5% deviation or more persists for more than 0.5 minutes. Note that 0.00 for the time is here considered as infinite time or no alarm. The shortest time available is 0.01 minute.

CFRT specifies if the deviation alarm should appear on the front panel or not.

4.22

Page 43

Library of Function Blocks

)

CAC

BIAS (ABIA) In this parameter, it is possible to adjust an initial value for the output signal when the control is transferred from Manual to Automatic. This may be done only if the input Feedback is not connected (LID=0).

For bumpless Manual to Automatic transfer, the input D must be connected to the output of the A/M block and the track FB input E must be connected to the status indication of the A/M block. In this case, parameter ABIA is used to change the block output during automatic operation. The output signal is subjected to a step type variation whenever the ABIA value is modified. Amplitude and direction of this step are equivalent to the difference between the previous and the new ABIA value. The connection diagram for both cases are shown on the following figures:

APID

039

OUT

APID

039

OUT

A/M 035

Akp =1 ATr = 1 CACT = 0 OR 2

Fig 4.9.8 - Configuration less b) The Automatic

for Manual to Auto Transfer. a) Bump

A/M 035

Akp =1 ATr = 1 ABIA = 20%

T = 0 OR 2

Output Starts with the Bias Value

During the Manual to Auto transfer, it is possible to add, to the initial output value (in both cases above), a value equal to the proportional gain (AK

ansfer type HARD. It can be obtained with the parameter CTYP equal to 4, 5 or 6.

MANUAL

) multiplied by the error at tha

AUTOMATIC

t time. This is a

Fig. 4.9.9 - Manual to Auto Transfer. Output starts with the Last Manual

CTYP = 0,1,2 OR 3

(BUMPLESS)

CTYP = 4,5 OR 6

(HARD)

OUT

The Automatic

INPUT D

INPUT D + Kp .

Output Value

4.23

Page 44

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

MANUAL

AUTOMATIC

OUT

CTYP = 0,1,2 OR 3

(BUMPLESS)

CTYP = 4,5 OR 6

(HARD )

Fig 4.9.10 - Manual to Auto Transfer. The Automatic Output Starts with the Bias Value

OUT

) ABIA

ABIA + AKp.e

(b1)

(b2)

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LIA SP (Setpoint) input 0

I LIB PV (Process Variable) input 0

I LIC External Variable Input for Adaptative Gain 0

I LID

I LIE

Input for the control output (feedback), used for Bumpless transfer

Input for the Auto/Manual Status. Digital Interpretation

Addresses 0 to 170 / 225 to 240

Parallel or Ideal Algorithm:

0 – Reverse Control Action and Inhibition of tuning by the front panel and Control Algorithm

I CACT

REVERSE: Output decreases when PV increases

DIRECT: Output increases when PV increases

1 – Direct

2 - Reverse with no tuning on front

3 - Direct with no tuning on front

Noninteractive or ISA:

4 – Reverse

5 – Direct

6 - Reverse with no tuning on front

7 - Direct with no tuning on front

0 - PI.D Bumpless PID Action on Error and Process Variable. Actions indicated before the point are on Error

I CTYP

while the others are on the Process Variable

Bumpless or Hard M → A transfer

1 - PID Bumpless

2 - I.PD Bumpless

3 - PI Sampling Bumpless

4 - PI.D Hard

5 - PID Hard

6 - PI Sampling Hard

P CETY Type of Error to be considered

P CBND Special gain band

0 – Normal

1 – Quadratic

0.01 - 300.00%

0 - Not activated

0.00%

P CSGA Special Gain within the gap 0.00 - 10.00 0.00

P CSAM Period of PI - Sampling (t0 + t1) 0.00 - 180.00 min. 0.00 min

P CSON

Time that the PI - Sampling is active (t (CSON<CSAM)

I CIAG Input variable for the Adaptative Gain

)

0.00 - 180.00 min. 0.00 min

0-SP /1-PV/2-Error

3-Output/4-External

4.24

Page 45

Library of Function Blocks

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

0-X=Y

1→8/Curves 1 →8

P CLIN Curve for the Adaptative Gain

9-Curves 1 and 2

10-Curves 3 and 4

11-Curves 5 and 6

12-Curves 7 and 8

I CAAD Adaptative Gain Action 0- Not Used/ 1-PID/ 2-PI/3-P/4-I/5-D 0

P CARL Antireset-Windup lower limit -2.00 to +50.00% 0.00%

P CARU Antireset-Windup upper limit +50.00 to +102.00% 100.00%

I CFRT Error alarm indication on front panel

0-No/1-Yes

2-Yes With Auto Ack.

P Akp Proportional Gain 0.00 - 100.00 0.30

R Atr Integral time (min./repetition) 0.01 - 1000.0 10.000

R Atd Derivative constant (min.) 0.00 - 100.00 0

P ABIA Bias -100.00 - 100.00% 0.00

P AMXD Maximum deviation without alarm (%) 0.00 - 100.00% 0.00%

P ATOD Maximum time for deviation alarm (min.)

0.01 - 200.00 min.

0.00 - No Alarm

0.00 min

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 16 C = 26 L = 10

4.25

Page 46

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

Function 10 - Simple PID (PID)

Operation

This block offers a wide range of control algorithms, using the traditional Proportional (P), Integral (I) and Derivative (D) modes in various arrangements.

Manual to Automatic transfer may be bumpless or hard. Bumpless transfer makes the automatic mode start from the last manual value prior to the switching. Hard transfer will add to this value the proportional action: (KP.e). In both cases, it is necessary to connect the output signal of the

Auto/Manual block to input C (Feedback) and the status signal of the Auto/Manual block to input D (track FB).

TYPE OF PID (CTYP) PI.D - The P and I act on the deviation, and D on the Process Variable. In this way, the output signal

follows the changes of the Setpoint according to the Proportional and Integral actions, but does not give an undesirable impulse due to the Derivative action. This combination is the most recommended for the majority of applications with Setpoint adjustable by the operator.

PID - The P, I and D actions act on the deviation. In this way, the output signal changes when there are changes in the Process Variable or on the Setpoint. This option is recommended for ratio control or for the slave control of a cascade.

I.PD - In this type only the Integral mode acts on the deviation. Changes on the Setpoint cause variation of the output according to the Integral mode, which is a very smooth effect. This combination is recommended for processes that can be upset by abrupt changes of the Setpoint. This is the case of heating processes with high proportional gain.

ACTION (CACT) There are processes that require the output signal to increase when the Process Variable increases, while others require the other way around.

Parameter CACT selects the type of action:

TYPE 0, 2,4 or 6 - output signal decreases when PV increases.

eSPP

=−

()

TYPE 1, 3, 5 or 7 - output signal increases when PV increases.

ePVS

=−

()

In order to standardize operation, it is recommended to consider that an output signal equal to 100% means valve open and that an output signal equal to 0% means valve closed. Operation of the front

anel keys follows the same principle: p

BLK 043/044/045/0 46

TRACK FB

PI.D PID I.PD

55/56 57/58

4.26

Page 47

OPENS THE VALVE

100%

Library of Function Blocks

CLOSES THE VALVE

If the actuated valve is "Air-to-open", MV=100% must be equivalent to 20 mA. Valves type Air-toclose will require 100% being equivalent to 4 mA. This may be selected in Function 02 - Current

Output. Tuning by the Front Panel

Parameter CACT also defines if the block allows changes on the tuning parameters through the front panel push buttons or not (see "PID Constants" ahead).

Front panel adjustment is selected when CACT=0, 1, 4 or 5. Control Algorithm

The CD600 offers two control algorithms:

Parallel or Ideal algorithm

= ) MV(t ∫

+ ) e(t

+ )dt e(t.

) de(t

Noninteractive or ISA algorithm

= ) MV(t ∫

Parameters 0, 1, 2 or 3 select the parallel or ideal.

Parameters 4, 5, 6 or 7 select the noninteractive or ISA.

+ ) [e(t

+ )dt e(t.

) de(t

]

For the noninteractive option, when Kp=0 the controller is automatically set as ID. ANTIRESET-WINDUP (CARL AND CARU)

The CD600 has a unique feature: the adjustment of the limits for the integral mode saturation. It is normally fixed at 0% (CARL) and 100% (CARU), but can be narrowed, allowing quicker

responses and avoiding overshoot in heating processes, for example. PID CONSTANTS (AKp, ATr, ATd)

The table is self-explanatory. It is good to remember that the Proportional action is in terms of Gain and not of Proportional Band. Bigger gain means more action. PID constants may be adjusted by means of the Hand Held Programmer or the controller's front panel (see tuning procedures). In order to inhibit front panel tuning, simply configure parameter CACT with 2 or 3 instead of 0 or 1.

BIAS (ABIA) With this parameter it is possible to assign an initial bias value to the output signal when the control is transferred from Manual to Automatic. This may be done only if input Feedback is not connected (LIC=0).

For bumpless Manual to Automatic transfer, the input C must be connected to the output of the A/M block and the input D (track FB) must be connected to the status indication of the A/M block. In this case, parameter ABIA is used to change the block output during automatic operation. The output signal is subjected to a step type variation whenever the ABIA value is modified. Amplitude and direction of this step are equivalent to the difference between the previous and the new ABIA value. The connection diagram for both cases are shown on the following figures:

4.27

Page 48

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

)

CAC

PID 04

OUT

PID 043

OUT

A/M 03

Akp =1 ATr =1 CACT = 0 OR 2

A/M 035

Akp =1 ATr =1 ABIA = 20%

T = 0 OR 2

Fig. 4.10.1 - Configuration for Manual to Auto Transfer. a) Bumpless b) The Automatic

Output Starts with the Bias Value.

During the Manual to Auto transfer, it is possible to add to the initial output value (in both cases above), a value equal to the proportional gain (AKp) multiplied by the error at that time. This is a transfer type HARD. It can be obtained with the parameter CTYP equal to 3 or 4.

The figures 4.9.9 and 4.9.10 (Function 09) show the output behavior for the Bumpless and Hard transfer.

CTYP = 0,1,2 OR 3

(BUMPLESS)

CTYP = 4,5 OR 6

(HARD)

MANUAL

OUT

AUTOMATIC

INPUT D

INPUT D + Kp .

Fig. 4.9.9 - Manual to Auto Transfer. The Automatic Output starts with the Last Manual

Output Value

4.28

Page 49

MANUAL

Library of Function Blocks

AUTOMATIC

CTYP = 0,1,2 OR 3

(BUMPLESS)

CTYP = 4,5 OR 6

(HARD )

OUT

) ABIA

ABIA + AKp.e

(b1)

(b2)

Fig 4.9.10 - Manual to Auto Transfer. The Automatic Output Starts with the Bias Value

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LIA SP (Setpoint) Input 0

I LIB PV (Process Variable) Input 0

Input for the Control Output

I LIC

(Feedback), used for Bumpless

Addresses 0 to 170 / 225 to 240

transfer.

I LID Input for the Auto/Manual Status

Parallel Ideal Algorithm

Control Action and Inhibition of tuning by the front panel

I CACT

REVERSE: Output decreases when PV increases

DIRECT: Output increases when PV increases

0 – Reverse 1 – Direct 2 - Reverse with no tuning on front 3 - Direct with no tuning on front

Noninteractive or ISA 4 – Reverse 5 – Direct 6 - Reverse with no tuning on front 7 - Direct with no tuning on front

I CTYP

Type of PID (see Advanced PID Controller)

0-PI.D/1-PID/2-I.PD(Bumpless) 3PI.D/4-PID (Hard)

P CARL Antireset-Windup lower limit -2.00 to 50.00% 0.00%

P CARU Antireset-Windup upper limit 50.00 to 102.00% 100.00%

P AKp Proportional Gain 0.00 - 100.00 0.30

R ATr Integral time (min./repetition) 0.01 - 1000.0 10.000

R ATd Derivative term constant (min.) 0.00 - 100.00 0

P ABIA Bias -100.00 - 100.00% 0.00

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 12 C = 8 L = 8

4.29

Page 50

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

AAA

Function 11 - Step Controller (STEP)

This block is used in control loops with electrical final control element, such as rotating electric actuators.

This block always operates in conjunction with a block of the Function 09 - Advanced PID and one block from Function 08 - Automatic/Manual Switch. The PID and A/M blocks are connected as usual. The analog output of the A/M Station (39,41,43 or 45) is connected to the input A of the Step Control block and the status output (40, 42, 44 or 46) to the input B. The usual configuration is shown on the Figure 4.11.1.

L/R 031

225

BLK 043

BIA=50

AI 001

PID

039

A/M 035

225

VALVE POSITI ON (If avali able)

AI 002

FV 027

MND=RET

Operation

It is recommended to use the advanced PID, because the gap control works as a dead band. This is

When the control is in the automatic mode, the block is sensitive to incremental variations at input A. Output depends on this variation and on adjustments in parameter AVOT (Valve opening time) and

PL (pulse width). AW

AVOT must be adjusted with the approximate time required for the valve to go from fully closed to

fully open. The output characteristics also depend on AWPL - the minimum pulse width.

Proportional and Derivative actions of the PID are transformed into a pulse, whose duration depends on the P and D gains, on the error and on the time required by the valve for a complete excursion

AVOT). (

4.30

STEP 047

59 60

DO 019

6A 5A

DO 020

Fig 4.11.1 - Basic Configuration for a Step Control

hen the variable is close to the Setpoint. required to avoid contact chattering, w

Page 51

Library of Function Blocks

Integral action is transformed into a series of pulses of minimum width AWPL, with a frequency determined by the integral time TR and by the control deviation.

For example, consider a case where the PID is adjusted with proportional gain equal to 1, with no integral or derivative action; valve opening time = 1 minute and on instant t=0 there is a step error equal to 25% (Figure 4.11.2).

25%

t(sec)

PID-OUT

75%

50%

Proportional action

t(sec)

STEP-OUT

“ON”

Fig 4.11.2 - Step Output for a 25% deviation with Proportional action only

t(sec)

In this example, 15 seconds of actuation are equivalent to 25% of the valve's excursion (0.25 min = 15 s).

The integral action works as a train of pulses with the same width. The total number of pulses in a given interval of time depends on the integral action adjustment in the PID and on the individual width of each pulse (AWPL).

Let's consider a case similar to the above example, where the PID has the integral action adjusted to 1 minute/repetition and each pulse has a width of 3 seconds. As AWPL is expressed in number of cycles and each cycle is 0.2 s, AWPL=3/0.2 = 15.

The error is 25%. A standard I controller would increase/decrease the output by 25% in 1 minute (TR).

25%

T (sec)

PID-OUT

25%

Integral

action only

T (sec)

STEP-OUT

“ON” 1

333 3

060

T (sec)

Fig 4.11.3 - Step Output for a 25% deviation with Integral action only

4.31

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CD600 Plus - User's Manual

In order to make a valve with excursion time = 1 minute open or close 25%, it is required a total time of 15 seconds (25% of 60 s).

As the minimum width (AWPL) was set to 3sec, the step control will give 5 pulses of 3 seconds equally distributed in a period of one minute. It will keep this rate while the PID output keeps the same rate of change. See Figure 4.11.3.

Increasing PID signal acts on output OPEN and decreasing PID signal acts on output CLOSE. When the control is in Manual mode, the MV increase or decrease keys will change the block output

status as follows: Key < > Pressed → Output OPEN at high logic level Key < > Pressed → Output CLOSE at high logic level

In order to have Manual operation, it is necessary to connect the status output of the A/M block to input B of the Step Control block.

When input C receives a high logic level signal, the block output is switched to the safety condition defined in parameter CSAF:

CSAF = 0 → Output OPEN and CLOSE at low logic level, the valve remains in the last position. CSAF = 1 → Output OPEN at high logic level, the valve goes to the fully open position. CSAF = 2 → Output CLOSE at high logic level, the valve goes to the fully closed position.

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LIA

I LIB MANUAL MODE indicative input 0

Incremental input (ΔMV)

Addresses 0 to 170 / 225 to 240

I LIC

0 - Last value

I CSAF Safety Position 0

1 - Open 2 - Closed

I CTYP Type of control

0-Open/None/Close 1-On/Off

I AWPL Minimum pulse width (in number of cycles) 1 - 1000 2

I AVOT Valve opening time 0 - 3200s 60s

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 4 C = 4 L = 6

0 Input for safety position switching

4.32

Page 53

Function 12 - Multiplier-Divider-Adder-Subtractor (Arth)

⋅

Operation

This block performs the four arithmetic operations with the inputs, as shown by the formula below:

BiasBAG

30%; = B 20%; = A 2; =

Bias

)(

40% x 40%

16% =

⋅

10%; =

Bias

BiasDG

100% =

⋅

Output ++

Where,

BiasC

A, B, C and D = inputs (in %) Bias1, Bias2 and Bias3 = constants (in %)

G1 and G2 = gain (in real numbers)

Output = Result (in %)

Multiplication between a percentage and a real number always results in a percentage. Sum is always in percentage.

The inputs and the output of this block may range from -102 to +102%. Out of these limits, the extreme value is taken.

If the input A is not used, the block will assume A= 100%.

If the inputs B or C are not used, the Bias parameters (ABS1 and ABS2) shall be adjusted to 100% in order to avoid that G1.A(B + Bias1)/(C + Bias2) be equal to zero in the first case (multiplication by

zero) or always "saturated in 100%" in the second case (division by zero). EXAMPLE 1: Calculation

According to the formula the output should be:

10) +(30

20 .2

100

EXAMPLE 2: Ratio control with fixed ratio constant.

100

A very important application of Function 12 is the ratio control. See example of configuration Section 3.

The purpose of this control is to maintain the ratio of flows QA and QB constant:

K =

The best way to achieve this, is to control one of them, for example QB, with a Setpoint corresponding to QA/K. QB is called controlled flow and QA wild flow. Figure 4.12.1 shows configuration to be used.

Library of Function Blocks

4.33

Page 54

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

+⋅⋅

Q = 0-20 Kg/s

001

PID 039

= 0-80 Kg

002

ARTH 051

225

L/R 031

Fig 4.12.1 - Ratio Control with Fixed Ratio Constant

Lets assume that the control shall maintain QA/QB=8.

As the controller "sees" the signals corresponding to QA and QB as 0-100%, it is necessary to use an internal factor to show the relation between the two variables:

a) Certify that the two flows are in the same units. b) Normalize the signals.

[QA] = 0-100% signal, corresponding to QA: 0-80 kg/s. [QB] = 0-100% signal, corresponding to QB: 0-20 kg/s.

100

(1) (2)

][

AA QQ ⋅=

100

][

BB QQ ⋅=

Dividing (1) per (2):

[

80 ]

Q Q

⋅=

Q Q

(3)

][

As QA/QB=8 (4 ),

Substituting it in (3):

⋅=

][

∴ [QB] = 0.5 [QA] = SP (5)

][

That means: when the process has the right ratio, the signal corresponding to the Setpoint of flow

QB is the half of the signal, corresponding to flow QA.

c) Calculate the Arithmetic Block as follows:

)(

BiasBAG

OUTPUT ++

] connected to input A makes A=[Q

= ⋅

BiasC

⋅

Bias

BiasQG

⋅

)0(][

BiasDG

]. The output is the Setpoint for QB. Making (5) = (6).

BiasG

)

Bias = 100% Bias2 = 100%

Bias3 = 0 SP = 0.5[QA] G1 = 0.5 G2 = 0

4.34

Page 55

Library of Function Blocks

EXAMPLE 3: Ratio Control with adjustable ratio

Many times the control requires a ratio constant adjustable by the operator. In the last example the ratio constant was fixed. In this example, it must be adjustable between 5 and 10.

In order to achieve this, add to the configuration in Figure 4.12.1 the blocks shown in Figure 4.12.2.

=0-80Kg/s

AI 002

ARTH 051

a) In order to have the best resolution in the ratio adjustment, it is better to make the 0-100% variation of the constant adjuster block correspond to the 5-10 variation of the ratio constant.

The Front View block 027 may be configured with AEZ=5 and AEM=10, and have the output of the constant adjuster linked to input E. This allows the operator to adjust and visualize the ratio constant between 5 and 10.

b) The signals must be normalized. As the values are the same of example 2, equation (2) of that example may be used:

QA/QB varies from 5 to 10.

Minimum ratio:

The equation (2) turns:

][

4 AB

][

Maximum ratio:

The equation (2) turns:

][

(2)

][

][5

⋅=⋅=⋅

⋅=

(SP)

225

Fig 4.12.2 - Ratio Adjustment

; [Q

] = 0.8[QA] ⇒[QB] = SP (7)

][

(Q )

AD 099

233

(Y)

233

4 (Q )

(K)

[

] = 0.4[QA] ⇒ [QB] = SP (8)

][

=⋅

]

][ AB QQ ⋅=

][

4.35

Page 56

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

⋅

c) The Arithmetic Block may have the adjustable ratio connected to input C and [Q

If Bias3 = G2 = 0

Bias

AGOUTPUT =

⋅⋅=

For minimum ratio B = 0% and equation (7) is applied. Making (7) = (9).

BiasQ

][8.0

⋅=⋅

Bias

⋅

Bias

(0.4 =

8.0

G ⋅=

For maximum ratio C=100% and equation (8) is applied. Making (8) = (9).

4.0

Making G1 = 1 and substituting (10) in (11):

0.8

BIAS

BIAS2 = 100 BIAS1 = 80

Block configuration:

AGN1 = 1 ABS2 = -250 AGN2 = 0 ABS3 = 0 ABS1 = -200

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LIA Input A 0

I LIB Input B 0

I LIC Input C 0

I LID Input D 0

C AGN1 Gain G1 -30.000 to +30.000 1.000

C AGN2 Gain G2 -30.000 to +30.000 0.000

P ABS1 Bias 1 -300.00 to +300.00% 0.00%

P ABS2 Bias 2 -300.00 to +300.00% 100.00%

P ABS3 Bias 3 -300.00 to +300.00% 0.00%

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 10 C = 0 L = 8

(10)

QGQ AA

Bias

BIAS

][][4.0

Bias

⋅⋅=⋅

)(

)100(

BiasC

)(][

)0(

Bias

(11)

)100 +

)(

)100(

)

Addresses 0 to 170 /

225 to 240

] to input A.

4.36

Page 57

Function 13 - Square Root (SQR)

Library of Function Blocks

BLK 057/058

73/74

Operation

This block gives the square root of the input signal.

Since treatment is in percentage values, the formula is:

) A(%10 = Output

EXAMPLE:

) 25(% .10 = ) 50(%

The block offers an adjustable cutoff level (

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I 0

LIA Input A

P ACUT Cutoff value 0.00 - 100.00% 0.00%

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 2 C = 0 L = 2

ACUT). Below this value the output is set to 0%.

Address

0 to 170/225 to 240

4.37

Page 58

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

Function 14 - Linearization (LIN)

CURVE n

OUTPUT

INPUT

75/76

4.38

Operation

This block linearizes the input signal in accordance with a curve established in the Function 31 -

Linearization Curve (Blocks 109 to 116)

26, 52, 78 or 104 pairs of points X, Y, interconnected by straight line segments. The curves that may be performed are shown on Table 4.31.1.

Input (X) and output (Y) variables may take the following values: Input - axis X → -102.00 to +102.00%

Output - axis Y

→ -300.00 to +300.00%

It is not necessary to adjust all points available (13, 26, 52, 78 or 104). Should a curve be performed by only 4 points, it is possible to adjust only these four points.

EXAMPLE:

150

100

Considering parameter CLIN=1, the curve may be adjusted in block 109 of loop G with the following pairs of points:

X1 = 20 Y1 = 50 X2 = 40 Y2 = 150 X3 = 60 Y3 = 150 X4 = 80 Y4 = 75

X1 is the minimum value considered. Even when the input is smaller than the value of X1, in the example 20%, the output will be the corresponding Y1, in the example 50%.

The same principle does not apply for the maximum value! In the example, X4 = 80% is the last

point. If the input is bigger than 80%, the program will search for this value at the remaining points

to X13). If the value is not found, the program would assume the next higher X, for example X12 =

55. The output would be the value of Y

In order to avoid this problem, it is always convenient to configure the last point of the curve with Xi = 102%, and Yi with the applied value.

In the example:

X5 = 102 Y5 = 75

, configured in loop G. This curve may be used with 13,

100

Fig 4.14.1 - Typical Curve

Page 59

Library of Function Blocks

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LIA Input A - Abscissa of the curve

Address

0 to 170/225 to 240

0-None 1

→8/Curves 1→8

9-Curves 1 and 2 10-Curves 3 and 4

P CLIN Linearization curve

11-Curves 5 and 6 12-Curves 7 and 8 13-Curves 1 to 4 14-Curves 5 to 8 15-Curves 1 to 6 16-Curves 1 to 8

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter:A = 0 C = 2 L = 2

4.39

Page 60

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

INPUT

Function 15 – Derivative / Lead-Lag (LL)

BLK 061/062

1 + T s

77/78

Operation

This is a dynamic compensation block that may operate with a derivative function as well as with a lead-lag compensation function. Selection of either function is done with parameter

This block reads inputs from -2 to 102% and provides output signals from -102 to +102%.

DERIVATIVE FUNCTION

While operating in the derivative mode, the block performs the following transfer function:

= ) (s O

) (s I

Ts + 1

Where,

O(s) and I(s) - are the Laplace transform of input and output functions, respectively.

- derivative constant, adjusted by parameter ATLE (min.)

T - lag constant, adjusted by parameter

ATLA (min.)

T=0, the output signal represents the input variation rate in the period determined by T

When example, if the input signal increases according to a slope of 15% per second and min.), the output signal will be 15. 6=90% while the slope lasts, returning to zero when there is a constant input value.

T=0, the output signal is submitted to a lag. The response to a step function with amplitude A

When is shown in Figure 4.15.1.

This function is used when the rate of change of a variable is desired.

OUTPUT

CDLL.

TD=6 s (0.1

. For

4.40

Fig 4.15.1 - Response of Derivative Function with a Lag to an Input Step

Page 61

Library of Function Blocks

tOt

LEAD-LAG FUNCTION AND TIME CONSTANT

When operating in the lead-lag mode, the block implements the following transfer function:

+ 1

= )(s O

Ts + 1

)(s I

Where,

- Lead constant, adjusted by parameter ATLE (min.)

T - Lag constant, adjusted by parameter ATLA (min.)

The response to a step function with amplitude A in the input is shown in Figure 4.15.2 for a lag constant

ATLA=1 and several lead constants (A TLE).

At l e = 2

1.5

1 Input

0.5

OUTP UT

O (t

) .

=O+A

TIME

Fig 4.15.2 - Response of the Lead-Lag function to a Step

This block is often used in control loops with feedforward control. Its function is to compensate differences between time constants of the disturbance and the manipulated variable on the controlled variable. The following figure shows a lead/lag block inse

ow) and the adder which performs the loop's feedforward.

rted between the disturbance signal (input

Figure 4.15.4 shows the response of the open loop system to a step variation in the steam flow rate.

Fig 4.15.3 - Steam flow rate control loop with Lead-Lag

4.41

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CD600 Plus - User's Manual

STEAM FLOW

TPUT

ERATURE

TEMP

- Time constant of the manipulated variable.

Fig 4.15.4 - Open loop response to a step change in steam flow rate (Manipulated Variable).

: Time constant is the time required for the variable to reach 63.2% of the end value for a step

Note

change.

Figure 4.15.5 shows the response of the open loop system to a step variation in the load.

PRODUCT FLOW

OUTPUT TEMPERATURE

- Time constant for a step variation in the product flow rate.

Fig 4.15.5 - Open loop response to a step variation in product flow rate (disturbance)

By comparing

and τ2, it is possible to determine how the lead-lag block shall work:

- if

the block should anticipate the disturbance signal (Lead)

1>τ2

- if

the block should delay the disturbance signal (Lag)

1<τ2

The block may also be used to generate a first order Lag.

In this case, use

ATLE=0 and ATLA = desired time constant in the lead lag function.

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LIA Input A

I CDLL

Lead-Lag, time constant or derivative

Address 0 to 170/225 to 240

0 - Derivative 1 - Lead-Lag and time constant

P ATLE Lead time - Td (min.) 0.00 - 300.00 min. 0.00 min.

P ATLA Lag time - T (min.) 0.00 - 200.00 min. 0.00 min.

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 4 C = 2 L = 2

4.42

Page 63

Function 16 - Pressure And Temperature Compensation (PTC)

Operation

BLK 063/064

Library of Function Blocks

GAS: Q = Q

LIQ: Q = Q

PTK

79/80

This block can compensate gas flow for pressure and temperature variation, liquid flow for temperature variation and saturated steam flow for pressure or temperature variation.

The flow transmitter signal shall reach the block input as a linear signal, i.e., should the signal be from a differential pressure transmitter, the square root must be extracted in the analog input block.

It is possible to have higher rangeability measurement, by using signals from two transmitters calibrated in different ranges. For this reason, the block has a parameter (

ALL) which determines

the percentage of the range corresponding to the highest value of the lower range.

100% =

to ingcorrespond Flow

= ALL

rate Flow Maximum

The lower range transmitter shall be connected to the input C and the higher range transmitter shall be connected to input

QH>ALL Q = Q

When

QH ≤ALL Q = QL . ALL

If 1

Input values may vary between -102.00 and +102.00%. Output may go from -2 to +102%.

FORMULA FOR GASES

= .

CBTAP

Where,

- Compensated flow rate

Q - Noncompensated flow rate

P - Absolute pressure in engineering units

T - Absolute temperature in engineering units

A, B and C - Coefficients which express the gas compressibility factor (Z). For ideal gases, A = B = 0

C =1.

and

K - Constant which defines the project conditions of the flow primary element. K is calculated as

follows:

( .

= K

) C +

4.43

Page 64

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

ZCBTAP ++

PPP

Where,

and PP are respectively the absolute temperature and absolute pressure, in engineering units,

used in the calculation of the flow primary element.

As the block inputs are in percent and the signals from the pressure and temperature transmitters are seldom in absolute units, the block transforms all measurements in absolute units, as follows:

Where,

100/.

pPP

100/.

tTT

- Value corresponding to 0% of the absolute pressure signal. If the pressure transmitter is of the

gage pressure type, the atmospheric pressure shall be added to the value corresponding to 0%.

For example:

Absolute transmitter calibrated from 2 to 10 bar: P

Gage transmitter calibrated from 2 to 10 bar: P

=2+1.013=3.013

- Span of the pressure transmitter (in engineering units). From the above example

=10-2=8

p - Pressure transmitter signal (in %).

- Value corresponding to 0% of the temperature transmitter + 273.15 Kelvin or + 459.67 Rankine.

- Span of the temperature transmitter (in engineering units).

t - Temperature transmitter signal (in %).

The compressibility factor must be calculated for the particular gas over the particular operating range. Three representative points of operation must be selected from the product thermodynamic table:

, T1 - corresponding to density d1.

, T2 - corresponding to density d2.

, T3 - corresponding to density d3.

These values must be substituted in the following formula:

= W

C + BT + AP

Originating three equations that enable the calculation of

A, B and C.

Sometimes,

are more appropriate to describe the product behavior and are easier to calculate. For many applications P/T is good enough.

4.44

CAPT

CBTT

Page 65

Library of Function Blocks

Using the normal operating conditions, PP and Tp, as used for the flow primary element calculation,

calculate

In order to cancel the density for normal flowing conditions:

= k

FORMULA FOR LIQUIDS

)

+ (A

. Q =

Where,

- Reduced temperature =

t. T 0α+

- Critical temperature of the liquid.

K - Density of the liquid at the design temperature of the primary element.

The fluid density is given by:

d = A + BTr + CT

Constants

A, B and C may be found in chemical manuals for some products or may be calculated

using three points of operation as described for gas compensation.

In order to cancel the density for normal flowing conditions:

K = d

FORMULA FOR SATURATED STEAM

The characteristic curve of saturated steam is almost linear in some operation sections.

EXAMPLE

d = 0.49315P + 0.2155 for 10 ≤ P≤ 35

expressed in bar absolute, d in kg/m3

In this case is better to use the formula for liquids. The pressure signal must be connected to input so that

becomes P. Furthermore, the following shall be done:

= Value equivalent to Po.

= Value equivalent to

= 1.

And, in the case presented as an example,

A = 0.2155

B = 0.49315

C = 0

If the orifice plate was calculated for

P = 20 bar abs, in order to cancel the density when the

pressure is 20 bar abs:

K = 10.08, this being the density of steam at 20 bar absolute. Coefficients A, B and C may be

investigated for other operating ranges.

4.45

Page 66

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LIA Input A (Pressure or Specific Gravity) 0

I LIB Input B (Temperature) 0

I LIC Input C (Lower range flow rate) 0

I LID Input D (Upper range flow rate)

I CTYP Type of compensation 0-Gas; 1-Liq.

R C-PO P0 for Gas /Tc for Liquid 0 to 10 E 37 1.0000

R C-AP

R C-TO T0 0 to 10 E 37 273.15

R C-AT

R C-CA Coefficient A -10 E 37 to 10 E 37 0

R C-CB Coefficient B -10 E 37 to 10 E 37 0

R C-CC Coefficient C -10 E 37 to 10 E 37 1.0000

R C-KK Constant K 0 to 10 E 37 273.15

P A-LL Maximum Low Flow 0.00% - 100.00% 0.00%

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 2 C = 34 L = 8

Addresses 0 to 170/225 to 240

0 2-Gas without; 3-Liq. without

αp

∝t

0 to 10 E 37 0

4.46

Page 67

Function 17 - Polynomial (POL)

Operation

This block executes mathematical operations established by the functions 0, 1 or 2, as shown in the Figure. The function is selected in parameter

CTYP = 0 A-B difference. CTYP = 1 4th-order polynomial. CTYP = 2 3-input sum.

Inputs

A, B, C and coefficient K

numbers. Inputs and output may range from -102.00 to +102.00%.

Inputs are standardized as follows:

Library of Function Blocks

CTYP:

are interpreted as percentages, while coefficients K1 to K4 are real

Input

100

AInput

100

BInput

CInput

The output signal will be the result of the equation multiplied by 100%.

EXAMPLE 1:

A = 80%

Input

B = 55%

Input

C = 10%

Input

= 30; K1 = 1; K2 = 0.5; K3 = 2; K4 = 0.1

100

Output

;8.0

100

CTYPFor

2 +

(0.25)

=−=−=

BAOutput

%25

CTYPFor

= Output

) (0.25 0.1 [

%29.71

;55.0

CBA

100

10.0

======

25.055.080.0

0.5 +

) (0.25

30 +]100 0.10 + ) (0.25 1 +

4.47

Page 68

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

EXAMPLE 2:

Using the Taylor Series, the 4th-order polynomial can be used to represent functions as:

+ x + 1 =

432

. (x

+ a x. + 1 =

a) (x.

lnln

a) (x.

1)-(x

- 1)-(x = x 2

1)-(x

- 24

The coefficients must be adjusted keeping in mind that they will be multiplied by 100. For example, if the polynomial is used to represent Therefore

-1 ≤ x ≤ 1 and 0.368 ≤ 'ex ≤ 2.718.

, "x" would be given by the input varying from -100 to +100%.

If the coefficients are used like in the Taylor Series, the output would vary between 36.89% and

271.8%. In order to avoid this, the coefficients must be divided by 2.718:

= 36.79%

= 0.3679

= 0.1839

= 0.06131

= 0.01533

Gives:

≤ output ≤ 100%

13.5%

If input represents other values than -1 to 1 an output of 0-100% is desired, other coefficients must be calculated.

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LIA Input A 0

I LIB Input B 0

I LIC Input C

0 - A-B difference (F

P CTYP Type of desired equation

1 - 4th-order polynomial (F sum (F

Addresses

0 to 170/225 to 240

)

) 2 - 3-input

R A-K0 Coefficient K0 -300.00% to 300.00% 0.00%

R A-K1 Coefficient K1 -10 E 37 to 10 E 37 0

R A-K2 Coefficient K2 -10 E 37 to 10 E 37 0

R A-K3 Coefficient K3 -10 E 37 to 10 E 37 0

R A-K4 Coefficient K4 -10 E 37 to 10 E 37 0

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 20 C = 2 L = 6

4.48

Page 69

Function 18 - Totalization (TOT)

Library of Function Blocks

BLK 067/068/069/070

MFL . Adt

4 DIGITS + UPPER 4 DIGITS - LOWER

CLEAR

100

83/85 87/89

84/86 88/90

Operation

This block is used for flow totalization.

The block integrator provides a ΔI pulse whenever the result of the integration reaches the value pre-adjusted in parameter

ATU.

The time required for the integrator to provide a pulse depends on ATU and on the instantaneous flow rate, which is given by:

A . MFL

100

= Q

Where,

Q - Instantaneous flow rate in volume or mass engineering units per second.

MFL - Maximum flow rate in volume or mass engineering units per second. This should be

equivalent to A=100%.

MFL is adjusted in parameter AMFL. A - Input A signal. It is the percent signal corresponding to the flow rate to be totalized.

EXAMPLE:

- Maximum flow rate = 3600 m

- The counter indicating totalized flow rate shall have an increment every 10 m

/h = 1 m3/s.

of fluid.

The Analog Totalization block shall be adjusted as follows:

- ATU = 10 (10 m

AMFL = 1 (m

to generate one pulse)

/s)

At maximum flow, the period between the counting pulses is given by:

ATU

= t

10s =

If the flow rate is 1800m3/h, which is equivalent to 0,5m3/s, the period between pulses would be:

= t

20s =

0.5

Therefore, for a steady flow rate of 1800m3/h, every 20s there will be an increment of the counter and a pulse

ΔI will be available at output ΔI (83, 85, 87 and 89).

The output ΔI can only be connected to the input of the blocks F20 - "Batch Comparator" (input A) and F19 - "Pulse Totalization Input" (input

B). If it is intended to use a counter external to the

CD600, the output ΔI shall be connected to input A of the Batch Comparator block. The first output

of blocks 073/074 (Address 99 and 103) provides pulses with a duration of one cycle time. These pulses may be connected to a digital output block, that will drive an external counter.

4.49

Page 70

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

The other output of this block provides the value to the internal counter. The counter has 8 digits. These 8 digits are available only for input G of the visualization blocks. The four digits less significant are available for the regular analog input (0,00% to 99.99%) of any block.The counting is divided by 100. For example, the counting 09827125 shown in input G of the visualization block would read 71.25% at the input of the other blocks.

The counter actualization capacity is limited to 120 countings per cycle. For a cycle of 0.2 s, the maximum actualization capacity would be of 600 countings per second. The counting per cycle which exceeds this value is stored, to be unloaded later. The number of countings per cycle should be kept below the limit, in order to prevent a batch from being interrupted after the real value has been passed. In order to avoid this problem, always keep:

AMFL

ATU

120 < ) time (cycle x

For cycle time adjustment, refer to

Section 8.

This block may also be used to generate pulses in a frequency adjustable by input frequency occurs when

A=100% and it depends on AMFL and ATU values.

A. Maximum

Pulses thus generated may be used as Setpoint for a flow controller, where PV is measured with a Turbine flow element. See example in counting is zeroed when there is a high level signal at input

Function 19. The

B. The counting starts when input B is

back to the low logic level.

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RA NGE DEFAULT

I LIA Input A (to be totalized) 0

I LIB Input B (clears totalizer)

R A-TU Totalization value in volume units or mass units,

Addresses

0 to 170/225 to 240

0 to 10 E 37 1.0000

corresponding to one counting unit.

R AMFL Flow rate corresponding to 100% at input A, in volume or

0 to 10 E 37 10.000

mass units (the same units used in ATU) per second.

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 8 C = 0 L = 4

4.50

Page 71

Function 19 - Pulse Totalization Input (P/DI)

Library of Function Blocks

This block can be used as a digital input or for the input of pulses coming from turbine flow meters, or almost any type of pulsing signal for frequency measurement.

Working as a pulse input, it allows the frequency correction by the turbine factor and by the density.

The pulse subtractor input allows totalization of the deviation between two frequencies in one bidirectional totalizer.

DEFINITION OF THE BLOCK FUNCTION (CTYP)

The block is normally used as digital input, and convert the frequency to an analog signal.

CTYP=0. If CTYP=1, it can be used to receive pulses,

TURBINE FREQUENCY RANGE (CMFR)

In order to optimize the microprocessor time distribution, it is recommended to specify the turbine's frequency range. There are two ranges: one below and another above 500 Hz.

If CMFR=0 the update time for the frequency to analog conversion is one input cycle.

Example: An instantaneous input of 400 Hz.

= t

2.5ms =

400

If CMFR=1 the update time for the frequency to analog conversion is eight input cycles.

Example: An instantaneous input of 1000 Hz.

.8 = t

1000

ms8 =

Note: As the frequency approaches 0 Hz the update time will be longer. However it is only for

very low frequencies that the update time is longer than the controller cycle.

TURBINE FACTOR (AFSV) AND ADJUSTMENT FACTOR (AFTR)

In turbine or vortex type meters, a factor for each type of fluid determines the number of pulses per unit of volume.

This factor is provided directly by the meter manufacturer or is calculated as follows:

FTR is normally called the turbine K-factor.

= FTR

] Hz [ f

] vol ofunits [

[

]pulses [

(1)

] vol ofunits

The conversion of frequency into flow is done by dividing the input frequency by FTR:

FTR

)2 (

Some manufacturers, however, use the so-called turbine factor, which is the reciprocal of the previous factor:

4.51

Operation

Page 72

CD600 Plus - User's Manual

= FSV

[Hz]f

] vol ofunits [

[

] vol ofunits [

] pulse

)3 (

Thus,

)4 ( f . FSV =

The CD600 combines equations (2) and (4), allowing the use of both factors with no need for additional calculations:

FSV

FTR

) 5 ( f .

Should the factor be given in [pulses/unit volume], the FTR value shall be adjusted in parameter

AFTR and FSV shall be equal to 1 in parameter AFSV.

If, otherwise, the factor is given in [units of volume /pulse], FSV is adjusted in AFSV and it is necessary to make

FTR=1 in AFTR.

INSTANTANEOUS FLOW INDICATION (AMFL)

When the block is selected as a pulse input, output 91/95 provide a signal Q which varies from 0 to 100% proportionally to the flow rate in accordance with the following equation:

= Q

MFL

)6 ( ] % [100 .

Where, MFL is the frequency for the highest expected flow rate. MFL shall be adjusted in parameter

AMFL. TOTALIZATION FACTOR (AFE)

This factor determines the number of units of volume or mass corresponding to one totalization unit. If AFE=10, there will be one totalization increment every 10 engineering units of volume.

CORRECTION BY DENSITY (AZDN and AMDN)

Flow rate may be totalized in volume or in volume corrected by the density, which corresponds to mass flow or volume at reference conditions.

Density, which may be calculated by the flow correction block or by the polynomial, is linked to input

A. Input value, which varies from 0% to 100%, is transformed in engineering units by parameters AZDN and AMDN.

The density value multiplies the pulses rate, thus implementing the correction for density variation.

NUMBER OF PULSES FOR CALCULATION (APLS)

This is the maximum number of pulses processed per controller processing cycle. This value is applied to optimize the microprocessor time distribution. Larger numbers should be applied for large flows.

APLS=fmax . t

cycle

fmax = highest expected input frequency

= controller cycle time

cycle

COUNTING LIMIT

Notice that, as in Function 18, the maximum number of countings sent to the counter in one cycle is

120. The exceeding pulses are stored to be unloaded later. In order to avoid this problem keep:

AMFL

AFE

120 < ) time cycle x(

CLEAR TOTALIZER

A high logic level at input

C clears the totalizers and keeps them at zero value while present.

The totalizer outputs TOTV (Total Volume) and TOTn (Total mass) are 8 digit numbers available only for input G of the Front View blocks. See block F18 - Totalization for more details on these outputs.

4.52

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Library of Function Blocks

EXAMPLE 1:

A turbine measures flow rates of up to 6 m signal from the density meter corresponds to a density variation of 0.1 to 1.1 g/m increment shall be 1 count for every 1m

/min with a maximum frequency of 600 Hz. The 4-20 mA

= 6 m3/min = 0,1 m3/s f = 600 Hz

. The counter

600

=−FTR

pulses/m 6000

1.0

0.0001666

=−FSV

600

It is more convenient to use FTR, because FSV is a periodic decimal. Configuration is as follows:

AFTR=6000 AFSV=1 AFE= 1 AMFL=0.1 AZDN=0.1 AMDN=1.1 APLS=32 CTYP=2 CMFR=1

EXAMPLE 2:

An important application of this block is the ratio control of two flow rates or even the control of a single flow rate. It is possible to obtain a more precise control if the Setpoint is in pulse frequency and if it is connected to input be used:

B. Using the same block of example 1, the following configuration may

CONTROLLED FLOW RATE TURBINE METER

P/DI

071

ARTH

LOOP G BLK118

K01 = 50

151

051

PID 039

A/M 035

47 A

TOT

067

BLK 051

G - ADJUSTABLE GAIN

BIAS = 0

BIAS = 1

G = 0

BLK = 067 ATU = 0,001 AMFL = 0,1

225

L/R 031

CO 009

Fig 4.19.1 - Ratio Control

4.53

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CD600 Plus - User's Manual

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LIA Input A (Density) 0

I LIB Input B (Counting decrement) 0

Addresses

0 to 170 / 225 to 240

I LIC Input C (Resets totalizer)

0 – Digital

I CTYP Definition of the block function

1 - Inverted Digital

2 – Totalizer

I CMFR Turbine maximum frequency

→f<500 Hz →f>500 Hz

R AFSV Turbine Factor 0 to 10 E 37 1.0000

R AFTR Adjusting factor (K-factor) 0 to 10 E 37 1.0000

R A-FE Factor FE (totalization unit) 0 to 10 E 37 1.0000

R AZDN Density at 0% 0 to 10 E 37 0.2000

R AMDN Density at 100% 0 to 10 E 37 0.4000

R AMFL Maximum Flow rate in engineering units 0 to 10 E 37 250.00

I APLS Number of pulses per cycle 0-32000 32

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 26 C = 4 L = 6

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Page 75

Function 20 - Batch Comparator (BAT)

BLK 073/074

⏐

TOT

0 - 32000

Library of Function Blocks

CYCLE

TIME

BAT 1

BAT2

99/103

100/104

101/105

CLEAR

START

102/106

Operation

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RA NGE DEFAULT

I LIA Input A - Increment 0 I LIB Input B - Counter start value 0 I LIC Input C - Clears counter 0 I LID Input D - Starts Counting 0 I ANOP Number of input pulses corresponding to one output pulse 0 - +32000 0 I ABT1 Preset value in BAT 1 0 - +32000 0 I ABT2 Preset value in BAT 2 0 - +32000 0

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 6 C = 0 L = 8

The batch comparator block counts pulses and compares the count with two preset values, BAT1

BAT2. When the count reaches the value BAT1, the corresponding digital output of the block

and goes to a high logic level and remains this way, until the counter is zeroed. The same is valid for

BAT2, which shall be programmed with a value greater than BAT1. BAT1 and BAT2 are adjusted in parameters, ABT1 and ABT2, respectively.

This block also conditions output pulses for external counters, since pulses ΔI can only be used as input for the internal blocks of the determined by the Cycle Time Adjustment (see

CD600. The duration of the pulses for external counters is

Section 8 - Communication).

The parameter G1 determines the number of pulses at the input equivalent to one pulse at the output. For example, if G1 = 10, there will be one pulse at the output for every 10 pulses at the input.

A high logic level at input C zeroes the counter and stops the count which will only start again if there is a high logic level signal in

D. The return of D to a low logic level does not stop the count.

The counter may start from zero or from the value at input B. As input B accepts signals ranging from 0.00 to 100.00, the start value of the counter is given by (B value x 100).

EXAMPLE:

The flow rate through a pipe line varies from 0 to a maximum of 72 Nm reactor, that shall receive 10 Nm rate to 10%. This is done to decrease the error caused by the system dead time.

For accounting purpose, the controller shall generate one pulse each 1 Nm3, to an external counter.

of fluid. After totalizing 9.8 Nm3, the valve shall reduce the flow

/h. This pipe feeds a batch

Configuration:

The analog totalization block (

. As the batch counter counts pulses, 10 Nm3 correspond to 10/0.01 = 1000 pulses and 9.8/0.01

= 980 pulses. Each pulse for the external counter shall correspond to 1 Nm

Function 18) was programmed to provide one pulse ΔI each 0.01

Therefore, one pulse at the output (1Nm3) will correspond to G1 pulses at input (0.01Nm3).

= G1

0.01

100=

Therefore, the block shall be programmed as follows:

ANOP = 100 ABT1 = 980 ABT2 = 1000

Addresses

0 to 170 / 225 to 240

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CD600 Plus - User's Manual

Function 21 - Setpoint Generator (SPG)

Operation

The function of this block is to make a variable follow a pattern along the time, in accordance with a pre-established curve selected by ( variable is plotted along the axis Y. This variable is available at output "

Output

t informs the time elapsed as percentage of the maximum time programmed for the pattern

CTME and CUNI).

(

When the configurated time is reached, output end of the pattern. At this point, the time count stops in 100%, the variable stops in the value corresponding to the maximum time and the output logic level signal in input low logic level restarts the pattern.

The pattern always starts in the point of axis X established by input the signal in the maximum programmed time is 2 min., the pattern starts in the point equivalent to 30 sec. (the 0 to 30 sec. track is suppressed).

This block also compares the value of the generated variable with the value of input deviation be greater than the value adjusted in the allowable range. This function can be used to compare the Setpoint with the Process Variable. Should the deviation be greater than an allowable range, the time stops running until the control is effective again. If this function is not desirable, simply make input "

The time generator stops in two particular situations:

- When there is a high logic level at input

- When the deviation between output

ADEV).

The time count may be manually advanced or delayed with the keys < time (outputs 229 or 230) is on the display.

Parameter the pattern. The curves are established in the

. This curve may be used with 13, 26, 52, 78 or 104 pairs of points x, y, interconnected by

116)

straight line segments. The curves that may be performed are shown on table 4.31.1 - page 4.59.

CUNI establishes the unit of time (hours or minutes) and CTME adjusts maximum time, i.e., the time

equivalent to X=100%.

B is 0%, the pattern starts at t=0%. In case there is a signal of 25% connected to B and

A". Thus, there will be no deviation and the time generator will not be interrupted.

CLIN selects the curve or the curves of the General Loop which will be used to generate

BLK 075/076

D (RESET) returns the pattern to its initial point. The return of input D to a

CURVE n

DEVIATION

PAUS E

TIME

PROGRAMMER

PAUS A RESE T

END

DSP

107/109

229/230

108/110

CLIN). The time variation is plotted along the axis X and the

O" of the block.

"END" goes to a "high logic level", thus indicating the

"END" remain with high logic level until a high

B. If nothing is connected to B or

A. Should the

ADEV, the time generation stops until A is back to

ADEV=100, or connect output "O" to

C (PAUSE).

"O" and input A exceeds the adjusted limit value (parameter

Δ> and <∇> as long as the

Function 31 - Linearization Curve (blocks 109 to

4.56

Page 77

Library of Function Blocks

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LIA Input A (input to comparator) 0

I LIB Input B (stall time) 0

I LIC Input C (Pause) 0

Addresses

0 to 170 / 225 to 240

I LID Input D (Reset)

0 - None (output - 0)

1 to 8 -Curves 1 to 8

9 - Curves 1 and 2

10 - Curves 3 and 4

I CLIN Curve(s) used to determine the time pattern

11 - Curves 5 and 6 12 - Curves 7 and 8

13 - Curves 1 to 4 14 - Curves 5 to 8 15 - Curves 1 to 6 16 - Curves 1 to 8

I CUNI Time unit

0 – Minutes

1 - Hours

P CTME Time corresponding to 100% 0.00 - 300.00 60.00

P ASPD Time register Actuation Speed 0.00%/s - 200.00%/s 10.00%/s

P ALOW Lower time register limit -102.00% to +102.00% 0.00%

P AUPP Upper time register limit -102.00% to +102.00% 100.00%

P ADEV Deviation (in modules) 0.00 - 100.00% 100.00%

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 8 C = 6 L = 8

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CD600 Plus - User's Manual

Function 22 - Double Alarm (ALM)

BLK 077/078/079/080

LOW

HIGH

EQUAL

RG1 + B

LOW

HIGH

EQUAL

RG2 + D

111/113 115/117

112/114 116/118

Operation

This block has two separated and independent alarm comparators. At the first comparator the variable to be compared is linked to the input A, and the reference signal

is connected to input RG1, using the parameter the first one, i.e., the inputs reference signal is a constant, it can be adjusted through RG2, using the parameter

B. When a constant reference signal is desired, it can be adjusted through

ARG1, and leaving the input B free. The second comparator is similar to

C and D are used in the same way as inputs A and B. Similarly, if the

ARG2.

All the inputs may range from -102.00 to +102.00%. Each comparator can be independently configured in order to generate a discrete alarm output according to the following options:

- Variable

- Variable = Reference

≤ Reference → Low Alarm ≥ Reference → High Alarm

→ Equal Alarm

The reference is the sum of the input B (or D) value in % and the value of the parameter ARG1 (or

ARG2).

To avoid an oscillation of the output signal when the variable is very near the alarm point, the hysteresis can be used, which is adjusted at the parameter

The actuation work as follows:

REFERENCE

ADB1 (or ADB2).

4.58

Fig 4.22.1 - Alarm Action with Hysteresis

HIGH

100

EQUA

100

LOW

100

Where:

X - Variable (input A or C) Y - Output logic H

- Hysteresis

level: 0 = 0%; 1 = 100%

It is mandatory to set the hysteresis when using the Equal Alarm. The minimum hysteresis value is

01%. 0.

Page 79

Library of Function Blocks

Besides giving the corresponding high logic level output, the alarm status can also be shown on the front panel display (see through the parameter

SECTION 1 - ALARMS ACKNOWLEDGMENT). It can be configured

CFRT.

It is also possible to program an eight-characters alarm message, using the parameter

CMN2).

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LIA Input A 0

I LIB Input B (Comparator Reference) 0

I LIC Input C 0

Addresses

0 to 170/225 to 240

I LID Input D (Comparator Reference)

I CTY1 First Comparator 0-Low/1-High/2-Equal 0

S CMN1 First Comparator Message ****** LOW COMP

I CTY2 Second Comparator 0-Low/1-High/2-Equal 1

S CMN2 2nd Comparator Message ****** HGH COMP

0 - None 1 - Indicates 1 2 - Indicates 2

CFRT Indication on Front Panel

3 - Indicates 1 and 2 4 - Indicates 1 with Auto Ack. 5 - Indicates 2 with Auto Ack. 6 - Indicates 1 and 2 with Auto Ack.

P ARG1 1st Comparator Limit -102.00% to +102.00% 0.00%

P ADB1 1st Comparator Hysteresis 0.00% to 100.00% 0.00%

P ARG2 2nd Comparator Limit -102.00% to +102.00% 100.0%

P ADB2 2nd Comparator Hysteresis 0.00% to 100.00% 0.00%

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 8 C = 22 L = 8

CMN1 (or

4.59

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CD600 Plus - User's Manual

BLK 081/082/083/084

Function 23 - Limiter With Alarm (LIMT)

G.B+B

RATE OF CHANGE

LIMITER

ALARM

LARM

119/122 125/128

120/123 126/129

121/124 127/130

Operation

The function of this block is to limit a signal within static or dynamic limits. As the variable reaches one of these limits, it can generate a high logic level signal. The block also generates an alarm every time the variable

The inputs can vary from -102.00 to +102.00% and the output from 0 to 100%.

"Rate-of-Change" reaches a preset limit.

STATIC LIMITS

By connecting the variable

A will be limited between B

Y = B if A

L L

Y = A if B < A < B Y = B

and B

if A

are adjusted at the parameters ABL and ABH, respectively.

A to the input A and keeping the input B disconnected or with 0%, the signal

and BH, i. e., the output signal Y will be:

≤

≥

DYNAMIC LIMITS

In this case, the limit is set by the variable

B, which is connected to the input B. In order to give more

flexibility, the limits can be established with individual gains and polarities.

Y = B . GL + B if A

L L L

Y = A if B . G + B < A < B . G + B Y = B . G

+ B

if A

≤

B . G + B

L L H

≥

B . GH + BH

LIMIT ALARM

Whenever the variable reaches the limit, the digital output " the parameter limit or both.

CLIM, it can be specified which limit actuates the digital output: the low limit, the high

Limiter Alarm" goes to a high logic level. At

The alarm can also be annunciated on the instrument Front Panel. To do that, the parameter CFRT=1, 3, 4, or 6 shall be programmed, according to the desired effect.

In order to avoid an output oscillation of the discrete output signal, as the variable is very near to the limit value, the hysteresis can be used, which acts in the same way of the hysteresis is adjusted in the parameter

ADB.

Function 22 - Alarm. The

RATE-OF-CHANGE LIMIT AND RATE-OF-CHANGE ALARM

The output

Rate-of-Change can be limited through the parameter ASLW.

The digital output "Rate-of-Change Alarm" switches to a high logic level whenever the

Rate-of-Change reaches the limit value introduced at the ASLW parameter. At the same time, the

alarm can be shown on the Front Panel when

CFRT is 2, 3, 5, or 6.

Note that when A changes faster than ASLW, the output changes at the "Rate-of-Change Limit" value, and it keeps this rate until the output A reaches the new A value or one of the limits. Within this period, the output "

Rate-of-Change Alarm" keeps the high logic level.

The Rate-of-Change Limit can be applied in modules, i.e, the limit applies for both increasing or decreasing signals or it can be applied for a particular direction.

When the limit is for any direction, CLIM must be configured with 0, 1 or 2.

4.60

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Library of Function Blocks

If the limit is for a particular direction, CLIM must be configured with 3, 4 or 5 and ASLW must be adjusted with the respective signal:

+ for increasing signal

− for decreasing signal OTHER APPLICATIONS

This block can also be used to compute the equation:

Output = GL . B + BL

To do that, it is just enough to make A = 0% or to keep the input A free. The block is also used to generate alarms. The dynamic limits are extremely useful in one of its most important applications: combustion control with double cross limits.

This type of control tries to keep the air-fuel ratio strictly within the limits. A sudden change on the load would require a corresponding air and fuel variation. The "double cross limits" prevents that the fastest variable unbalance the desired ratio.

On conventional controllers it is done using relays to select high and low values plus the adder/subtractor stations. Typically, this control is implemented as shown in the Figure 4.23.1.

TIC

B G +B

FUEL

FIC 100

PV PV

B G +B

FIC

AIR

Fig 4.23.1 - Combustion Control with double cross limits

This configuration allows the air flow (Qa) to vary just between (Qc - B2) and (Qc - B1) and the fuel flow (Q

) to vary just between (Qa - B4) and (Qa - B3).

In this manner, even when there are large transients on the Master signal, the air and fuel flow keeps the required ratio.

The limiter block perform the functions indicated inside the broken line area, i.e., two of these blocks can implement the double cross limits function. The Figure 4.23.2 shows one of these blocks.

SIGNAL FROM MASTER TIC

SIGNAL FROM

IR FLOW RATE

B. G + B

119

FUEL SET POINT

The Table 4.23.1 shows the block response to a Master signal variation and the air flow for GH = GL

= 1, B

= -10%, and BH = 5%. The table rows show the instants in which the air flow or the fuel flow

have changed 5%.

Fig 4.23.2 - Fuel Setpoint from a double cross limit configuration (TIC)

4.61

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CD600 Plus - User's Manual

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEF LT AU

I LIA Input A (Variable) 0

I LIB Input B (dynamic limit) 0

I CLIM

I CFRT Alarm(s) on the Frontal

C A-GL Low Limit Gain 0.000 - 30.000 0.000

P A-BL Low Limit Bias -300.00% to +300.00% 0.00

C A-GH High Limit Gain 0.000 to 30.000 0.000

P A-BH High Limit Bias -300.00% to +300.00% 1 00.00%

P A-DB Comparison Alarm Hysteresis 0.00% - 100.00% 0.00%

P ASLW Maximum Rate-of-Change -200.00 to +200.00% 200.00%/s

umber of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 12 C = 4 L = 4

The air flow valve is slower than the fuel flow valve.

INST TS AN TIC OUTPUT AIR FLOW LOW LIMIT HIGH LIMIT FUEL SETPOINT

1 50 50 40 55 50

2 60 50 40 55 55

3 60 55 45 60 60

4 60 60 50 65 60

5 60 60 50 65 60

6 45 60 50 5 50

7 45 55 45 60 45

8 45 50 40 55 45

9 45 45 35 50 45

Table 4.23.1 - Block response to master signal variations

Note that the output for the fuel Setpoint is always between the low and high limits. It is supposed that the fuel flow follows the Setpoint change within a very narrow time interval. The air flow follows the fuel flow but more slow table,

but with

⎢BL⎢< ⎢BH⎪.

ly, as the air Setpoint is function of the fuel flow, according to a similar

Addresses 0 to 170/225 to 240

ate-of-Change alarm in modules and:

0 - Limiter alarm LOW 1 - Limiter alarm HIGH

- Limiter alarm LOW and HIGH

2 Limiter Alarm Output Actuation and Rate-of-Change Alarm

Rate-of-Change consi

ecrease signal and:

dering (+)increase/ (

−)

3 - Limiter alarm LOW

4 - Limiter alarm HIGH

5 - Limiter

alarm LOW and HIGH

0 – None

1 – Limit

2 - Rate-of-Change

3 - Limit/Rate-of-Change

0 4 - Limit Alarm Auto Ack. 5 - Rate-of-Change Alarm Auto Ack. 6 - Limit Alarm/Rat

e-of-Change Auto Ack.

4.62

Page 83

Function 24 - Logic (LOG)

Operation

This block performs several types of three input logic operations with the inputs input is not connected it is not considered in the operation, i.e, the logical operation will be performed with only two inputs.

The table 4.24.1 shows the results of the several logic operations available. The choice is made with

CLOG.

When the result of the logic performed is a high logic level or "1", the output is 100%, and when the result is a low logic level, the output is 0%.

A B C OR(0) AND(1) XOR(2) NOR(3) NAND(4) NXOR(5)

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0

0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1

1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1

1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 0 0 0

*With no inversion (CNOT = 0)

A signal ranging from 0 to 100% connected to one of the inputs of this block will be interpreted as follows:

- Less than 70%: level 0

- More than 80%: level 1

- Between 70% and 80%: previous state The inputs can be inverted with parameter CNOT.

BLK 085/086/087/088/089/090

131/132 133/134 135/136

INPUTS* OUTPUT

Table 4.24.1 - Truth Table for 3-Input Logic Block

Library of Function Blocks

A, B and C. If one

4.63

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CD600 Plus - User's Manual

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LIA Input A (Digital Interpretation) 0

I LIB Input B (Digital Interpretation) 0

I LIC Input C (Digital Interpretation)

I CLOG

I CNOT Inverts the input

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 0 C = 4 L = 6

Defines the logic operation between connected inputs

Addresses

0 to 170 / 225 to 240

0 - OR 3 - NOR

1 - AND 4 - NAND

2 - XOR 5 - NXOR

0 - No inversion

1 - Inverts input A

2 - Inverts input B

3 - Inverts input A and B

4 - Inverts input C

5 - Inverts input A and C

6 - Inverts input B and C

7 - Inverts input A, B and C

4.64

Page 85

Function 25 - Timer (TMR)

Library of Function Blocks

BLK 091/09

A137/13

INPUT

OUTPUT

Operation

This block gives a delay on a digital signal as defined in parameter established by parameter

ADEL.

The timing diagrams of the block show the several types of actuation available.

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LIA Input A - Binary Signal Address

0 to 170/225 to 240

I CACT Type of actuation 0 - None

1 - Delay on Operate 2 - Delay on Release 3 - Delay on Operate and Release 4 - Monostable, triggered positive flank 5 - Monostable, triggered negative flank

CACT. The time of delay is

P ADEL Delay Time 0.01 min to 180.00 min 1.00 min

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 2 C = 2 L = 2

NOTE

On the online change of the CACT parameter, it should be first changed to “0” and then, to the desired value.

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CD600 Plus - User's Manual

CACT = 0

OUTPUT

(+) Transition

CACT = 1

OUTPUT

(-) Transition

CACT = 2

OUTPUT

INPUT

none

INPUT

ttt

tt t

(+) and (-) Transition

Mono (+) Transition

Mono (-) Transition

INPUT

CACT = 3

OUTPUT

INPUT

CACT = 4

OUTPUT

INPUT

CACT = 5

OUTPUT

ttt

tt ttt

Figure - 4.25.1 CACT Parameter Graph

KEY

t = Time informed by the ADEL parameter - Delay. INPUT = Block input. OUTPUT = Block output.

4.66

Page 87

Function 26 - High/Low Selector (H/L)

BLK 093/094/095/096

Library of Function Blocks

LO W

139/141 143/145

140/142 144/146

SELECTOR

IN V E RT E R

HIGH

Operation

The two outputs supply the largest and the smaller value of the three inputs unconnected input is disregarded.

Input

D inverts the meaning of the outputs. When D is at high logic level, the first output supplies the

lower value and the second, the higher.

The inputs and outputs of this block may range from -102.00 to +102.00%.

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LIA Input A 0

I LIB Input B 0

I LIC Input C

Addresses

0 to 170/225 to 240

I LID Input D - Inverts the meaning of the outputs 0

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 0 C = 0 L = 8

A, B and C. Any

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CD600 Plus - User's Manual

Function 27 - Internal/External Selector (SSEL)

BLK 097/098

DSP

Operation

When the switch CH1 is at the position "0", the signal from input CH1 is switched to position "1" through a high logic level signal at input balanced, i.e., the last value of input The output can then be activated by the < selected to be indicated on the front panel display.

The input and output of this block may range from -102.00 to +102.00%.

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

A goes to the register, which takes over the output of the block.

Δ> and <∇> keys, as long as the output of this block is

CH1

231/232

A goes directly to the output. When

B. This switching is

I LIA Input A 0

I LIB Input B - Switches CH1

Addresses

0 to 170/225 to 240

P ASPD Register Actuation Speed 0.00%/s to 200.00%/s 10.00%/s

P ALOW Lower Register Limit -102.00% to 102.00% 0.00%

P AUPP Upper Register Limit -102.00% to 102.00% 100.00%

Number of Bytes per parameter: A = 6 C = 0 L = 4

4.68

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Library of Function Blocks

Function 28 - Constant Adjuster (ADJ)

BLK 099/100/101/102

235/236

DSP

Operation

This block contains a register which can have its value changed by the < one of the following two conditions is fulfilled:

a) The block output is connected to a block of Function 06 -Loop Visualization (BLK027 through

BLK030) or of Function 32 - General View (BLK117) and is selected to be indicated on the front

panel display. b) The block output is connected to a block of the Function 29 - Input Selector (BLK103 through

BLK106) or of

Function 27 - Internal/External Signal Selector (BLK097 through BLK098),

whose internal switch guides the register signal directly to its output. This output must be connected to any of the visualization blocks mentioned in item a), and must be selected to be indicated on the display.

The output may range from -102.00 to +102.00%. The lower limit is adjusted in the parameter ALOW and the upper limit in the parameter

AUPP. The actuation speed is adjusted in the parameter ASPD.

There are three actuation forms:

1) CTYP=0 Continuous Actuator The output is changed by the <

The maximum changing speed is adjusted by

ALOW) to the upper limit (AUPP).

(

Δ> and <∇> keys, with continuous increment/decrements of 0.01%.

ASLW. The output will range from the lower limit

2) CTYP=1 Discrete Command Type Switch The keys <

Δ> - Put the value adjusted in AUPP, e.g., 100%, in the block output

∇> - Put the value adjusted in ALOW, e.g., 0%, in the block output

Δ> and <∇> act as a push-button station.

3) CTYP=2 Discrete Command Type Push-Button When <

Δ> is pressed, the output signal goes to the Upper Register Limit (AUPP) (normally 100%).

When <Δ> is released, the output signal returns to the Lower Register Limit (ALOW) (normally 0%).

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

0 - Analog Value

I CTYP Actuation Type 0

1 - Binary Command 2 - Push Button

P ASPD Register Actuation Speed 0.00%/s to 200.00%/s 10.00%/s

P ALOW Lower Register Limit -102.00% to +102.00% 0.00%

P AUPP Upper Register Limit -102.00% to +102.00% 100.00%

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 6 C = 2 L = 0

Δ> and <∇> keys, as long as

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Function 29 - Input Selector (ISEL)

BLK 103/104/105/106

CH1

237/238 239/240

Operation

This block selects one of the two inputs to be the output signal, by means of switch CH1. The switch is activated by a high logic level at input

The inputs and the output may range from -102.00 to +102.00%. A high logic level at C switches CH1 to position "1".

It is possible to lock the switch in position "0" with the parameter

If the block output is linked to a visualization block ( actuator linked to either one of the block inputs, can be actuated as it would be, if it were directly linked to the visualization block. An example where that applies is shown in Figure 4.29.1.

EXAMPLE:

CLCK.

Front View or General View), any register

In that configuration, if the switch CH1 of the block 103 is at position "0", the register actuator cannot

e actuated. b

But if CH1 is at position "1" and the block 031 is in Local mode, the register actuator of the block 031

an be actuated. c

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LIA Input A 0

I LIB Input B 0

I LIC Input C - Switches CH1

I CLCK Locks switch CH1 in position 0 0 - No/1 - Yes 0

umber of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 0 C = 2 L = 6 N

4.70

Fig 4.29.1 - Control Loop with two-setpoint actuators

Addresses

0 to 170/225 to 240

Page 91

Function 30 - Output Selector (OSEL)

BLK 107/108

Library of Function Blocks

CH1

147/149

148/150

Operation

This block directs the input signal to one of the two outputs through switch CH1. When CH1 is activated (high level at input

When there is an output switching, the output not selected can hold the last signal value, or it can be forced to go to 0 or 100%, as determined by parameter

It is possible to lock the switch at position "0" with parameter CLCK.

EXAMPLE:

In pH control it is after useful to freeze the input while calibrating the pH - transmitter which is a rather frequent procedure.

For this case the OSEL block can be used as a Sample-and-hold switch.

B), it directs the input to output 148 or 150.

CLST.

pH-Transmiter

OSEL

APIB

147/149

MND=HLD

ADJ

CTYP=1

Fig 4.30.1 - L/R Selector Configuration for setpoint tracking

The ADJ block is here used to turn the hold ON or OFF, when it is OFF (OSEL block input B is low) the signal passes straight through the OSEL block, but when the OSEL block input B is high the hold function is ON and the last value remains the input to the APID block. Hence the pH - transmitter may be calibrated without disturbances.

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LIA Input A 0

I LIB Input B - Selects the output

I CLST Condition of output when not connected to the input

0 - Holds last value 1 - 0% / 2 - 100%

Addresses

0 to 170/225 to 240

I CLCK Locks switch CH1 in position 0 0 - No/1 - Yes 0

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 0 C = 4 L = 4

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Function 31 - Linearization Curve (PNT)

Operation

The function of these blocks is to store pairs X, Y for the curves used in the following blocks:

Function 01 - Analog Input Function 14 - Linearization Curve Function 21 - Setpoint Generator Function 09 - Advanced PID Controller (Adaptative Gain)

As the same curve may be used by different blocks of different loops, it must be allocated in the General Loop (Loop G).

Each block contains 13 points, defined through pairs X, Y. The curve is determined by these points interconnected by straight segments.

If a curve requires more than 13 points, the blocks can be grouped as shown in Table 4.31.1.

For example, a Setpoint Generator requires a curve with 70 points. The Setpoint Generator block has an option that groups 6 blocks. That will give 6 x 13=78 points.

When more than one block is used to represent a curve, the first portion of the curve is defined by the first block, the following section by the second and so on.

CURVE DEFINED BY PAIRS X, Y IN BLOCK# No. OF POINTS

1 109

2 110

3 111

4 112

5 113

6 114

7 115

8 116

9 109 + 110

10 111 + 112

11 113 + 114

12 115 + 116

13 109 to 112

14 113 to 116

15 109 to 114 78

16 109 to 116 104

Table 4.31.1 - Linearization Curves

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Library of Function Blocks

EXAMPLE:

A Setpoint Generator with the following pattern:

Fig 4.31.1 - Pattern for setpoint generator

In order to represent this curve of 17 points, two blocks are necessary. If the Setpoint Generator block is configured with

CLIN=9, the blocks 109 and 110 shall be configured as shown on the Table

4.31.2.

POINT No. T (X) SP (Y) BLOCK

1 0 0

2 5 5

3 10 5

4 15 10

5 20 10

6 30 20

7 35 20

BLK 109

8 40 15

9 45 15

10 50 25

11 55 25

12 60 30

13 65 33

14 72 42

15 80 80

16 90 80

BLK110

17 100 25

18 102 25

Table 4.31.2 - Points of the Curve

It is recommended to program the last point of the curve with the maximum value possible for the input (X). To be in the safe side, it is good to program the last X with 102% and the last Y with the appropriate value.

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TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

P AX01 X1 -300.00 to +300.00% 0.00%

P AY01 Y1 -300.00 to +300.00% 0.00%

P AX02 X2 -300.00 to +300.00% 5.00%

P AY02 Y2 -300.00 to +300.00% 5.00%

P AX03 X3 -300.00 to +300.00% 10.00%

P AY03 Y3 -300.00 to +300.00% 10.00%

P AX04 X4 -300.00 to +300.00% 15.00%

P AY04 Y4 -300.00 to +300.00% 15.00%

P AX05 X5 -300.00 to +300.00% 20.00%

P AY05 Y5 -300.00 to +300.00% 20.00%

P AX06 X6 -300.00 to +300.00% 25.00%

P AY06 Y6 -300.00 to +300.00% 25.00%

P AX07 X7 -300.00 to +300.00% 30.00%

P AY07 Y7 -300.00 to +300.00% 30.00%

P AX08 X8 -300.00 to +300.00% 35.00%

P AY08 Y8 -300.00 to +300.00% 35.00%

P AX09 X9 -300.00 to +300.00% 40.00%

P AY09 Y9 -300.00 to +300.00% 40.00%

P AX10 X10 -300.00 to +300.00% 45.00%

P AY10 Y10 -300.00 to +300.00% 45.00%

P AX11 X11 -300.00 to +300.00% 50.00%

P AY11 Y11 -300.00 to +300.00% 50.00%

P AX12 X12 -300.00 to +300.00% 55.00%

P AY12 Y12 -300.00 to +300.00% 55.00%

P AX13 X13 -300.00 to +300.00% 105.00%

P AY13 Y13 -300.00 to +300.00% 105.00%

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 52 C = 0 L = 0

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Library of Function Blocks

Function 32 - General Visualization (GV)

Operation

This block is used to display variables common to all loops configured. The variables connected to A, B, C and D of this block will be on the display of any loop, in the scroll sequence after the variables of that particular loop. Therefore this block must always work associated to a loop visualization block.

As it is common to more than one loop, it must be configured in the General Loop (Loop G).

The variables are shown on the display, in engineering units, and with a programmable 3-character mnemonic.

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LIA Input A 0

I LIB Input B 0

I LIC Input C

I LID Input D 0

M AMNA Mnemonic for A *** VGA

R A-AZ 0% for input A in engineering units -10000 to +10000 0

R A-AM 100% for input A in engineering units -10000 to +10000 100.00

M AMNB Mnemonic for B *** VGB

R A-BZ 0% for input B in engineering units -10000 to +10000 0

R A-BM 100% for input B in engineering units -10000 to +10000 100.00

M AMNC Mnemonic for C *** VGC

R A-CZ 0% for input C in engineering units -10000 to +10000 0

R A-CM 100% for input C in engineering units -10000 to +10000 100.00

M AMND Mnemonic for D *** VGD

R A-DZ 0% for input D in engineering units -10000 to +10000 0

R A-DM 100% for input D in engineering units -10000 to +10000 100.00

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 48 C = 0 L = 8

Addresses

0 to 170 / 225 to 240

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BLK 118

Function 33 - Constants (K)

Operation

This block generates a constant value to be used at any point of the configuration. As the same constant may be used in more than one loop, this block must be configured in the General Loop (Loop G). It has ten adjustable constants, each one being available at one output. These outputs can be connected to blocks located in any loop.

This block should be used when it is necessary to generate a constant value for the other blocks of the configuration. An example of this type of application is a process which demands that the controller output should go to 10% when a digital signal changes from Low to high logic level.

The constant value 10% can be adjusted in

B of a block of the Function 08 - Automatic/Manual Station. The digital signal is connected

input to input

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 20 C = 0 L = 0

C of the A/M block.

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

P AK01 Constant K01 -300.00 to +300.00% 10.00%

P AK02 Constant K02 -300.00 to +300.00% 20.00%

P AK03 Constant K03 -300.00 to +300.00% 30.00%

P AK04 Constant K04 -300.00 to +300.00% 40.00%

P AK05 Constant K05 -300.00 to +300.00% 50.00%

P AK06 Constant K06 -300.00 to +300.00% 60.00%

P AK07 Constant K07 -300.00 to +300.00% 70.00%

P AK08 Constant K08 -300.00 to +300.00% 80.00%

P AK09 Constant K09 -300.00 to +300.00% 90.00%

P AK10 Constant K10 -300.00 to +300.00% 100.00%

K01 151

K02 152

K03 153

K04 154

K05 155

K06 156

K07 157

K08 158

K09 159

K10 160

AK01 of this block and its output (151) connected to the

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Function 34 - Scan (SCN)

Library of Function Blocks

Operation

This block is used for the digital communication. As it deals with variables of more than one loop, it must be allocated in the General Loop (LOOP G).

This block enables the selection of analog or digital variables used in the CD600 configuration and makes them accessible by the digital communication bus.

The variables can be classified into five groups:

I. ANALOG VARIABLES

Up to 32 analog variables can be allocated in this group, chosen freely among the outputs of the blocks used in a configuration. These variables are defined by the linking parameters

LI01 through LI32, and contain the output addresses of the blocks of the respective variables. For example, LI01=2 means that the analog input 1 is accessible for the communication bus at LI01.

Each variable is reported in a word form. The digital communication reads the Linking Parameters in sequence. When the scan reaches a

LIxx Parameter with zero (0), the scan of the analog block outputs is interrupted.

II. DIGITAL VARIABLES

Up to eight digital output signals can be allocated to this group, chosen freely among the outputs with digital interpretation of the blocks used in the current configuration. These digital outputs are defined by the linking parameters Auto/Manual are specified in the block for digital communication (

Actuation

Each variable is reported in a bit form.

III. STATUS AND ALARM LIMITS

Up to 20 alarm points, with their respective limits, can be allocated in this group.

Status will be reported in bit form and alarm limits in word form.

LI33 through LI40. The status of the blocks Local/Remote and

BLK121) of Function 36 -

The reading sequence of the alarms is defined in the Actuation block (BLK121), by the parameters

AL01 through AL20.

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IV. TOTALIZATIONS The eight totalizations corresponding to the blocks of Function 18 - "Totalization" and Function

19 - Pulse Input

are allocated in this group.

It is not necessary to list the totalization parameters. They will be included in the digital communication automatically, in the same order they appear in the configuration.

The Pulse Input block has two totalization registers. The totalization register occupies 4 bytes.

V. DIGITAL INPUTS AND OUTPUTS

The status of the four inputs and the eight digital outputs, in a fixed order, are located in this group.

They are represented in bit form, and are not necessary to list.

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

I LI01 Address of analog block output 0 I LI02 Address of analog block output 0 I LI03 Address of analog block output 0 I LI04 Address of analog block output 0 I LI05 Address of analog block output 0 I LI06 Address of analog block output 0 I LI07 Address of analog block output 0 I LI08 Address of analog block output 0 I LI09 Address of analog block output 0 I LI10 Address of analog block output 0 I LI11 Address of analog block output 0 I LI12 Address of analog block output 0 I LI13 Address of analog block output 0 I LI14 Address of analog block output 0 I LI15 Address of analog block output 0 I LI16 Address of analog block output 0 I LI17 Address of analog block output 0 I LI18 Address of analog block output 0 I LI19 Address of analog block output 0 I LI20 Address of analog block output 0 I LI21 Address of analog block output 0 I LI22 Address of analog block output 0 I LI23 Address of analog block output 0 I LI24 Address of analog block output 0 I LI25 Address of analog block output 0 I LI26 Address of analog block output 0 I LI27 Address of analog block output 0 I LI28 Address of analog block output 0 I LI29 Address of analog block output 0 I LI30 Address of analog block output 0 I LI31 Address of analog block output 0 I LI32 Address of analog block output 0 I LI33 Address of logic level block output 0 I LI34 Address of logic level block output 0 I LI35 Address of logic level block output 0 I LI36 Address of logic level block output 0 I LI37 Address of logic level block output 0 I LI38 Address of logic level block output 0 I LI39 Address of logic level block output 0 I LI40 Address of logic level block output 0 I CBID User free identification number

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 0 C = 2 L = 80

4.78

Addresses

0 to 170/225 to 240

Addresses

0 to 170/225 to 240

Page 99

Function 35 - Scan/Actuation Of The Parameters PID (PRM)

Operation

This block allows the actuation and reading of the parameters K advanced PID blocks through the communication bus.

The order of the information in the scan communication buffer is also the order of actuation. It will be determined by the parameters CTR1 through CTR8, with the values from 0 to 8, each number corresponding to a block, according to the Table 4.35.1.

0 1 BLK039 2 BLK040 3 BLK041 4 BLK042 5 BLK043 6 BLK044 7 BLK045 8 BLK046

Table 4.35.1 - PID Block Corresponding numbers

If a parameter is found with the DEFAULT value ("0"), the scan is interrupted.

TYPE MNEM DESCRIPTION RANGE DEFAULT

P CBID User free identification number 0 - 100 0 P CTR1 Number of 1st PID 0 - 8 0 P CTR2 Number of 2nd PID 0 - 8 0 P CTR3 Number of 3rd PID 0 - 8 0 P CTR4 Number of 4th PID 0 - 8 0 P CTR5 Number of 5th PID 0 - 8 0 P CTR6 Number of 6th PID 0 - 8 0 P CTR7 Number of 7th PID 0 - 8 0 P CTR8 Number of 8th PID 0 - 8 0

Number of Bytes per Type of Parameter: A = 0 C = 18 L = 0

Interrupts the Scan

Function 09

Advanced PID

Function 10

Simple PID

Library of Function Blocks

, TR, TD and Bias of the PID and

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Function 36 - Actuation (ATU)

4.80

Operation

This block allows actuation of digital and analog variables of the CD600 blocks by the commands received via the communication bus.

These variables are classified into 6 groups:

I. REGISTER ACTUATORS The register actuators correspond to the keys <Δ> and <∇ > on the CD600 front panel.

The twelve analog registers contained in the Constant Adjuster, Internal/External Signal Selector, Local/Remote SP and Setpoint Generator blocks are defined by the parameters

CR12. In order to establish the actuation sequence, the CRxx parameters must be set with the

numbers corresponding to the blocks as shown in Table 4.36.1.

CR BLOCK No. BLOCK NAME

0 BLK031

1 BLK032

2 BLK033

Function 07

Local/Remote SP Selector

3 BLK034

4 BLK075

5 BLK076

6 BLK097

7 BLK098

Function 21

Setpoint Generator

Function 27

Internal/External Signal

Selector

8 BLK099

9 BLK100

10 BLK101

Function 28

Constant Adjuster

11 BLK102

Table 4.36.1 - Block Corresponding numbers for CR Parameters

CR01 through

SMAR CD600 Plus User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual