SMA SI 4548-US User Manual

Off-Grid Inverter

SUNNY ISLAND 4548-US/6048-US

Operating Manual

SI4548-6048-US-BE-en-20 | Version 2.0 AMERICAN ENGLISH

SMA America, LLC Legal Provisions

Legal Provisions

or by any means, be it electronic, mechanical, photographic, magnetic or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SMA America, LLC.

SMA America,LLC doesn‘t make representations, express or implied, with respect to this do cum ent ati on o r an y of the equip men t an d/o r so ftw are it m ay d escribe, including (with no limitation) any implied warranties of utility, merchantability, or fitness for any particular purpose. All such warranties are expressly disclaimed. Neither SMA America,LLC nor its distributors or dealers shall be liable for any indirect, incidental, or consequential damages under any circumstances.

(The exclusion of implied warranties may not apply in all cases under some statutes, and thus the above exclusion may not apply.)

Specifications are subject to change without notice. Every attempt has been made to make this document complete, accurate and up-to-date. Readers are cautioned, however, that SMAAmerica,LLC reserves the right to make changes without notice and shall not be responsible for any damages, including indirect, incidental or consequential damages, caused by reliance on the material presented, including, but not limited to, omissions, typographical errors, arithmetical errors or listing errors in the content material.

All trademarks are recognized even if these are not marked separately. Missing designations do not mean that a product or brand is not a registered trademark.

The Bluetooth any use of such marks by SMA America,LLC and SMA Solar Technology Canada Inc. is under license.

Modbus Organization, Inc.

Phillips® and Pozidriv® are registered trademarks of Phillips Screw Company.

Torx

word mark and logos are registered trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and

is a registered trademark of Schneider Electric and is licensed by the Modbus

is a registered trademark of Acument Global Technologies, Inc.

SMA America, LLC

3801 N. Havana Street

Denver, CO 80239 U.S.A.

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Important Safety Instructions SMA America, LLC

Important Safety Instructions

SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS

This manual contains important instructions for the following products:

• Sunny Island 4548-US / 6048-US

This manual must be followed during installation and maintenance.

The product is designed and tested in accordance with international safety requirements, but as with all electrical and electronic equipment, certain precautions must be observed when installing and/or operating the product. To reduce the risk of personal injury and to ensure the safe installation and operation of the product, you must carefully read and follow all instructions, cautions and warnings in this manual.

Warnings in this Document

A warning describes a hazard to equipment or personnel. It calls attention to a procedure or practice, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of part or all of the SMA equipment and/or other equipment connected to the SMA equipment or personal injury.

Symbol Description

DANGER indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.

WARNING indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

CAUTION indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

NOTICE is used to address practices not related to personal injury.

Other symbols in this document

In addition to the safety and hazard symbols described on the previous pages, the following symbol is also used in this manual:

Information

This symbol accompanies notes that call attention to supplementary information that you must know and use to ensure optimal operation of the system.

4 SI4548-6048-US-BE-en-20 Operating Manual

SMA America, LLC Important Safety Instructions

Markings on this Product

The following symbols are used as product markings with the following meanings.

Symbol Description

Warning regarding dangerous voltage

The product works with high voltages. All work on the product must only be performed as described in the documentation of the product.

Electric arc hazards

The product has large electrical potential differences between its conductors. Arc flashes can occur through air when high-voltage current flows. Do not work on the product during operation.

Beware of hot surface

The product can become hot during operation. Do not touch the product during operation.

Observe the operating instructions

Read the documentation of the product before working on it. Follow all safety precautions and instructions as described in the documentation.

UL1741 is the standard applied by Underwriters Laboratories to the product to certify that it meets the requirements of the National Electrical

and IEEE-929-2000. IEEE 929-2000 provides recommendations

Code

regarding the proper equipment and functionality necessary to ensure compatible operation when power generation is connected to the utility grid.

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General Warnings SMA America, LLC

General Warnings

Al l el ect ric al ins tal lat ion s mu st be m ade in a cco rdanc e wi th the local and NationalElectrical Code® ANSI/NFPA 70 or the Canadian Electrical Code® CSAC22.1. This document does not and is not intended to replace any local, state, provincial, federal or national laws, regulations or codes applicable to the installation and use of the product, including without limitation applicable electrical safety codes. All installations must conform with the laws, regulations, codes and standards applicable in the jurisdiction of installation. SMA assumes no responsibility for the compliance or non-compliance with such laws or codes in connection with the installation of the product.

The product contains no user-serviceable parts. For all repair and maintenance, always return the unit to an authorized SMA Service Center.

Before installing or using the product, read all of the instructions, cautions, and warnings in this manual.

Before connecting the product to the electrical utility grid, contact the local utility company. This connection must be made only by qualified personnel.

Wiring of the product must be made by qualified personnel only.

6 SI4548-6048-US-BE-en-20 Operating Manual

SMA America, LLC Table of Contents

Table of Contents

1 Information on this Document. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

1.1 Validity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

1.2 Target Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

1.3 Additional Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

1.4 Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2 Sunny Island 4548-US / 6048-US . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.1 Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.2 At a Glance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.3 Scope of Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2.4 Required Tools and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

2.5 Identifying the Sunny Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

3 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

3.1 Intended Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

3.2 Important Notes regarding Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

3.3 Potential Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

4 Mounting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

4.1 Selecting the Mounting Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

4.2 Mounting the Sunny Island with the Wall Mounting Bracket . . . . . . 33

4.2.1 Mounting the Sunny Island on a Stone Wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

4.2.2 Mounting the Sunny Island using Wall Studs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

5 Opening and Closing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

5.1 Opening the Sunny Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

5.2 Closing the Sunny Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

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6 Electrical Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

6.1 Grounding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

6.2 DC Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

6.2.1 Safety Precautions/Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

6.2.2 Cable Dimensioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

6.2.3 Cable Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

6.2.4 Connecting the Sunny Island on the DC Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

6.3 AC Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

6.3.1 Cable Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

6.3.2 AC1 (Loads/Sunny Boys) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

6.3.3 AC2 (Generator/Grid) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

6.4 Additional Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

6.4.1 Inserting the Data Cables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

6.4.2 Connecting the Data Cable of the Lithium-Ion Batteries . . . . . . . . . . 53

6.4.3 Battery Temperature Sensor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

6.4.4 Battery Current Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

6.4.5 Communication for Multi-Device Connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

6.4.6 Multifunction Relay 1 and 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

6.4.7 BatVtgOut Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

6.4.8 DigIn Digital Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

6.5 Interface for External Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

6.5.1 Connection of the Interface for External Communication. . . . . . . . . 62

7 Control Elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

7.1 Display Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

7.2 DC Circuit Breaker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

7.3 Buttons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

7.4 Meaning of the Light-Emitting Diodes (LED). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

7.5 SD Memory Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

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8 Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

8.1 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

8.2 Starting the Quick Configuration Guide (QCG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

8.3 Commissioning the battery current sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

9 Switching On and Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

9.1 Switching On. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

9.2 Stopping the Sunny Island (Standby) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

9.3 Switching Off. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

9.4 Disconnecting the Device from Voltage Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

9.5 Recommissioning After Automatic Shutdown. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

10 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

10.1 Menu Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

10.2 Changing Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

10.3 Direct Access - Direct Access to the Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

10.4 Compact Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

10.5 Entering the Installer Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

10.6 Display Messages (Overview) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

10.7 Parameter Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

10.8 Display of Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

10.9 Display of Warnings and Failures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

11 Data Storage on SD Memory Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

11.1 Inserting the SD Memory Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

11.2 Removing the SD Memory Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

11.3 Saving and Loading Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

11.4 Writing Log Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

11.5 Status Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

11.6 Firmware Update. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

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12 Additional Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

12.1 Load Shedding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

12.2 Sleep Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

12.3 Time-Controlled Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

12.4 Overload and Short-Circuit Behavior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

12.5 Mixed Operation with Sunny Island Inverters of Different Power . . 104

12.6 Device Faults and Autostart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

12.7 Automatic Frequency Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

12.8 Time-Controlled Standby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

12.9 Behavior in the Event of a Failure in a Three-Phase System. . . . . . . 106

13 Battery Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

13.1 Battery Type and Minimum Battery Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

13.2 Battery Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

13.3 Start Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

13.4 State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

13.5 Charge Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

13.5.1 Boost Charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

13.5.2 Full Charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

13.5.3 Equalization Charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

13.5.4 Manual Equalization Charge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

13.5.5 Silent Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

13.6 Battery-Preservation Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

13.7 Battery Diagnosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

13.8 Battery Lead Resistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

14 Connecting External Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

14.1 Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

14.1.1 Parallel Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

14.1.2 Generator Start Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

14.1.3 Generator Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

14.1.4 Manual Generator Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

14.1.5 Automatic Generator Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

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14.1.6 Limits and Power Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

14.1.7 Run Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

14.1.8 Operation Together with PV Inverters and Wind Power Inverters . 127

14.1.9 Stopping the Generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

14.1.10 Stopping the Sunny Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

14.1.11 Disturbances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

14.2 Utility grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

14.2.1 Limits of the Voltage Range and Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

14.2.2 Starting the Sunny Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

14.2.3 Operation in Case of a Grid Failure in a Battery-Backup Grid . . . 130

14.2.4 Battery-Backup Operation and Anti-Islanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

14.2.5 Grid Reconnection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

14.2.6 Grid Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

14.2.7 Grid Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

14.2.8 Disturbances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

14.2.9 Limitations and Power Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

14.2.10 Operation Together with PV Inverters and Wind Power Inverters 135

14.3 Generator and Utility Grid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

15 Relays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

16 Multicluster Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

16.1 Communication between the Sunny Island Inverters . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

16.2 Commissioning the Multicluster System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

16.3 Switching a Multicluster System On and Off. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

16.3.1 Switching On/Starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

16.3.2 Stopping and Switching Off. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

16.3.3 Load Shedding in a Multicluster System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

16.4 Generator Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

16.5 Behavior with Different States of Charge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

16.6 Testing Multicluster Communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

16.7 Automatic Frequency Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

16.8 Firmware Update. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

16.9 Error Handling in a Multicluster System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

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16.10 Grid Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

16.11 Generator Emergency Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

17 PV Inverters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

17.1 Connection to the Stand-Alone Grid (Protected Load Switch). . . . . 149

17.2 Setting the Off-Grid Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

17.3 Configuration of the PV Inverters with a Communication Products . 150

17.4 Parameter Settings of the PV Inverters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

17.4.1 Configuration of the PV Inverters in Battery-Backup Systems . . . . . 151

17.4.2 Configuration of PV Inverters in Off-Grid Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

17.5 Frequency-Shift Power Control (FSPC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

18 Maintenance and Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

18.1 Enclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

18.2 Cleaning the Fans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

18.3 Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

18.4 Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

18.5 Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

18.6 Disposal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

19 Parameter Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

19.1 Display Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

19.1.1 Inverter Meters (110#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

19.1.2 Battery Meters (120#). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

19.1.3 External Meters (130#). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

19.1.4 Charge Controller (140#)(not UL-certified) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

19.2 Adjustable Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

19.2.1 Inverter Settings (210#). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

19.2.2 Battery Settings (220#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

19.2.3 External Settings (230#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

19.2.4 Relay Settings (240#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

19.2.5 System Settings (250#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

19.2.6 Password Setting (280#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

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SMA America, LLC Table of Contents

19.3 Diagnosis (300#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

19.3.1 Inverter Diagnosis (310#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

19.3.2 Battery Diagnosis (320#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

19.3.3 External Diagnosis (330#). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

19.4 Events, Warnings and Errors (History). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

19.4.1 Failure/Event (400#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

19.5 Functions in Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

19.5.1 Operation (500#) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

19.6 Direct Access to the Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

19.6.1 Direct Access (600#). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

20 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

20.1 Error Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

20.2 Autostart Handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

20.3 Master-Slave Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

20.4 Handling of Pending Errors during the Booting Procedure . . . . . . . 204

20.5 Display of Failures and Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

20.6 Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

20.6.1 Category INV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

20.6.2 Category BAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

20.6.3 Category GEN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

20.6.4 Category GRD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

20.6.5 Category REL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

20.6.6 Category SYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

20.7 Failure Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

20.8 Warnings and Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

20.8.1 Category INV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

20.8.2 Category BAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

20.8.3 Category EXT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210

20.8.4 Category GEN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

20.8.5 Category GRD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

20.8.6 Category RLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

20.8.7 Category SYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

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Table of Contents SMA America, LLC

20.8.8 AUX Category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

20.8.9 Category SYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

20.9 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

20.10 Procedure during Emergency Charge Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

21 Accessory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

22 Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

22.1 Sunny Island 4548-US . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

22.2 Sunny Island 6048-US . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

23 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

24 Compliance Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

25 Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

14 SI4548-6048-US-BE-en-20 Operating Manual

SMA America, LLC 1 Information on this Document

1 Information on this Document

1.1 Validity

This document is valid for the following battery inverters as of firmware version 7.3:

• Sunny Island 4548-US (SI 4548-US-10)

• Sunny Island 6048-US (SI 6048-US-10)

1.2 Target Group

This document is for trained electrically qualified persons. A trained electrically qualified person has received sufficient training and has knowledge of the design and function of the device and has demonstrable practical experience of mounting, connecting and commissioning of the device. An electrically qualified person is trained to deal with the dangers and hazards involved in installing electrical systems.

1.3 Additional Information

You will find further information on special topics such as selecting and using PV inverters in off-grid systems in the download area at www.SMA-America.com.

1.4 Terminology

In this document, SMA Solar Technology America, LLC is referred to in the following as SMA. The syntax specified here for menus and parameters applies throughout the entire document.

Menu: Menu number, hash and menu name (150# Compact Meters) Parameter: Menu number, dot, parameter number and parameter name (150.01 GdRmgTm)

Operating Manual SI4548-6048-US-BE-en-20 15

2 Sunny Island 4548-US / 6048-US SMA America, LLC

2 Sunny Island 4548-US / 6048-US

2.1 Properties

The Sunny Island is a bidirectional inverter (battery inverter and battery charger) for off-grid systems. The Sunny Island supplies loads on the stand-alone grid side and charges the batteries with the energy from grid-feeding units connected on the AC side.

The comfortable support of AC and DC coupling, as well as the expandability of the systems formed with the Sunny Island guarantee highest flexibility. In addition, innovative technology allows the Sunny Island to achieve a maximum efficiency of more than 95%. Optimized for partial load operation, it impresses with low open-circuit and standby consumption. Due to the high overload capacity and the integrated output management, there is no need to oversize the Sunny Island.

The operation of up to three devices in a single-phase parallel system, of three devices in a three-phase system or of up to four devices in a double split-phase system enables the Sunny Island to establish off-grid power supply systems with a power of between 2 kW to 24 kW. In Multicluster systems, powers of up to as much as 100 kW are possible. Thanks to its sophisticated generator management, the Sunny Island can control connected diesel generators in a particularly low-stress and fuel-saving manner. The utility grid can also be integrated. The Sunny Island can also deactivate loads automatically if the battery does not provide sufficient electrical energy.

The critical component of the off-grid system, the battery, is dilig ent ly m oni tor ed a nd o pti mal ly u til ize d. For lead-acid batteries, the intelligent battery management of the Sunny Island precisely records the state of charge of the battery. This makes an improved utilization of the battery capacity possible, which also means that smaller and thus more cost-effective batteries can be used without affecting performance. The Sunny Island also offers an interface to integrate the external battery management of lithium-ion batteries.

In order to prevent premature aging caused by incorrect charging and frequent deep discharge, the Sunny Island has an intelligent charge control and reliable deep-discharge protection. Thanks to these functions, the battery life can be greatly extended in comparison with simpler devices.

Despite its complex functioning, the Sunny Island is easy to configure. All the settings required for operation can be quickly and easily configured in a few steps using the Quick Configuration Guide (QCG). By employing the concept of central operation referred to as "Single Point of Operation", the system/cluster parameters are only set on the master device, and all other devices automatically adopt the configuration. The easy-to-understand menu navigation allows quick access to all important data, even while the system is running. An SD memory card offers an easy system control and facilitates servicing.

Saving data and events

Always use the SD memory card to save data and events. In case of a failure SMA can thus help you quickly.

The Sunny Island monitors the set voltage and frequency limits on the utility grid and generator. If these limits are not observed, it disconnects from the external source without interruption and changes to stand-alone mode.

16 SI4548-6048-US-BE-en-20 Operating Manual

SMA America, LLC 2 Sunny Island 4548-US / 6048-US

The Sunny Island also has an integrated anti-islanding feature which prevents islanding on the utility grid. If this process is triggered, the system also completely changes to stand-alone mode without interruption.

The Sunny Island can be integrated into different system constellations. The following graphics show the devices of a Sunny Island system and the different wiring options (single-phase / single-phase parallel, split-phase, double-split-phase and three-phase).

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2 Sunny Island 4548-US / 6048-US SMA America, LLC

Devices of a Sunny Island System:

18 SI4548-6048-US-BE-en-20 Operating Manual

SMA America, LLC 2 Sunny Island 4548-US / 6048-US

Single-Phase System, 120 Vac, up to 6 kW:

• 4.5 kW with SI 4548-US-10

• 6 kW with SI 6048-US-10

Single-Phase Parallel System, 120 Vac, up to 18 kW:

Maximum 3 Sunny Island of types SI 4548-US-10 / 6048-US-10.*

* The types SI 4548-US-10 / 6048-US-10 can be arbitrarily combined, also with older devices of type SI 5048U.

Operating Manual SI4548-6048-US-BE-en-20 19

2 Sunny Island 4548-US / 6048-US SMA America, LLC

Split-Phase System, 240 Vac, up to 12 kW

2 Sunny Island of types SI 4548-US-10 / 6048-US-10.*

Three-Phase System, 120/208 Vac, up to 18 kW

3 Sunny Island of types SI 4548-US-10 / 6048-US-10.*

* The types SI 4548-US-10 / 6048-US-10 can be arbitrarily combined, also with older devices of type SI 5048U.

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SMA America, LLC 2 Sunny Island 4548-US / 6048-US

Double Split-Phase System, 240 Vac, up to 24 kW

4 Sunny Island of types SI 4548-US-10 / 6048-US-10. Only Sunny Island inverters of the same type must be used on one line conductor. L1 and L2 may be installed with different types (e.g.: L1 with 2 x SI 4548-US-10 und L2 with 2 x SI 6048-US--10).*

SMA multicluster technology

You will find all other information on SMA multicluster technology for up to twelve Sunny Island inverters and up to 100 kW power in the installation manual of the Multicluster Box.

2.2 At a Glance

The following figure provides an overview of all control elements and connections of the Sunny Island:

* The types SI 4548-US-10 / 6048-US-10 can be arbitrarily combined, also with older devices of type SI 5048U.

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2 Sunny Island 4548-US / 6048-US SMA America, LLC

Position Description

A Display

B LEDs showing device operation

C Control buttons

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SMA America, LLC 2 Sunny Island 4548-US / 6048-US

Position Description

D Slot for the SD memory card

E Opening for the additional connections area (insertion of the cables via conduits)

F Connection area for additional connections

G Opening for the additional connections area (insertion of the cables via conduits)

H Rubber enclosure opening for the area of additional connections (inserting cables

without conduits)

I DC connection area

K Opening for the DC connection area (insertion of DC+, DC − and the grounding

conductor)

L Opening for AC2 terminal (insertion of the conductors L, N and grounding

conductor)

M AC connection area

N Opening for AC1 terminal (insertion of the conductors L, N and grounding

conductor)

O DC circuit breaker

2.3 Scope of Delivery

Check that the delivery is complete. Check the packaging and the Sunny Island for externally visible damage.

Contact your supplier in case of damage to the packaging. Please contact your distributor if you find any damage to the Sunny Island or if the delivery is incomplete.

Keeping the packaging

Keep the packaging in case you need to return the inverter or its accessories.

Operating Manual SI4548-6048-US-BE-en-20 23

2 Sunny Island 4548-US / 6048-US SMA America, LLC

OP Q

Position Quantity Designation

A1SunnyIsland

B 1 Wall mounting bracket

C 2 Ventilation grid

D 1 Battery temperature sensor

E 2 Filler plug

F 2 Counter nut for filler plug

G 1 RJ45 cable, black

H1Silicone tube

I 1 Rubber plugs for feed-through of one cable

K 2 Rubber plugs for feed-through of 2 cables

L1SD memory card

M 2 M6x10 hexagon socket screw and split lock washer for

connecting the Sunny Island to the wall mounting bracket

N1 Operating manual

O1 Test report

P 2 4 -po le t erm ina l fo r co nne cti ng t he b att ery tempe rat ure sen sor and

battery current sensor

Q 2 3-pole terminal for connecting the relays 1 and 2

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SMA America, LLC 2 Sunny Island 4548-US / 6048-US

Position Quantity Designation

R 1 RS485 Piggy-Back (optional)

S 1 RJ45 cable, white (optional)

2.4 Required Tools and Materials

The following tools and materials are required in order to mount and install the Sunny Island 4548-US / 6048-US:

Tools (not included in scope of delivery)

Cable knife Combination pliers Crimping tool for bootlace ferrules (suitable for wire sizes up to 3/0 AWG) Diagonal cutting pliers Drill Drill bit (e.g. for masonry or wood), fastener Flat-blade screwdriver 2.5 mm Flat-blade screwdriver SZS 1.0 x 6.5 Allen key, 3 mm to 8 mm Multimeter Open-end/box wrenches or socket wrenches in the sizes 10/19/24/30 Cross-head screwdriver, PH1 and PH2 Spirit level Torque wrench 4 ft-lb to 21 ft-lb (6 Nm to 28 Nm) with hexagon socket screwdriver bit in the sizes

5 mm and 10 mm Torque wrench 5 in-lb to 22 in-lb (0.56 Nm to 2.5 Nm) with flat-blade screwdriver bit in the sizes

2.5 mm and flat-blade screwdriver SZS 1.0 x 6.5 Insulation stripping tool

/8 in or Ø 10 mm

Material (not included in scope of delivery)

Cable tie Heat-shrink tubing Hexagon screws, 8 mm x 60 mm Washers Screw anchor for the wall mounting bracket (e.g. SX 10) Bootlace ferrules appropriate for the selected cable (see Section6 "Electrical Connection", page39)

2.5 Identifying the Sunny Island

Identify the Sunny Island by the serial number (Serial No.) and the device type (Type) on the type label. The type label is located on the right-hand side of the enclosure. You will require the information on the type label to use the product safely and when seeking customer support from the SMA Service Line.

Operating Manual SI4548-6048-US-BE-en-20 25

3 Safety SMA America, LLC

3 Safety

3.1 Intended Use

The Sunny Island is suitable for use indoors and in weather-protected outdoor areas. The Sunny Island is not suitable for supplying life-sustaining medical devices. A power outage must

not lead to personal injury. AC sources (such as PV inverters) can be used in off-grid systems for energy supply. Too much power

from the AC sources in the stand-alone grid can lead to system failures. The maximum output power of the AC sources must be observed in off-grid systems (see Section22 "Technical Data", page226). The powers of the individual Sunny Island inverters are added to yield the total maximum power.

The Sunny Island uses batteries for the storage of energy. The nominal voltage of the battery must correspond to the input voltage on the DC connection. The battery room must be ventilated in accordance with the requirements of the battery manufacturer and with the locally applicable standards and directives (see documentation of the battery manufacturer). If connecting a lithium-ion battery, the following must be observed:

• The lithium-ion battery must comply with the locally applicable standards and directives and be intrinsically safe.

• Ensure that the lithium-ion batteries are approved for use with the Sunny Island. The list of lithium-ion batteries approved by SMA for the Sunny Island is updated regularly (see the Technical Information "List of Approved Lithium-Ion Batteries" at www.SMA-America.com).

• If no lithium-ion batteries approved for the Sunny Island can be used, use lead-acid batteries.

• The lithium-ion batteries must be able to supply enough current at maximum output power of the Sunny Island (see Section22 "Technical Data", page226).

In off-grid systems or battery-backup systems with lead-acid batteries only, a maximum of four Sunny Island Charger charge controllers can be connected per cluster. In off-grid systems or battery-backup systems with lithium-ion batteries, only charge controllers approved by the manufacturer of the lithium-ion batteries must be used. A battery current sensor must be installed in off-grid systems or battery-backup systems with lithium-ion batteries and external charge controllers. The Sunny Island is not suitable for establishing a DC distribution grid.

The battery management must record the DC current when charging and discharging the battery. The Sunny Island can control various devices in the system (e.g. load-shedding contactors) via two

multifunction relays. The multifunction relays are not suitable for controlling functions which may endanger persons in the event of a malfunction of the multifunction relays, e.g. if there is insufficient redundancy in the ventilation of the battery room.

Us e th is p rod uct onl y in acc ord anc e wi th t he i nfo rma tio n pr ovi ded in the enclosed documentation and with th e locally appli cable standards and directives. Any o ther application may cause personal injury or property damage.

26 SI4548-6048-US-BE-en-20 Operating Manual

SMA America, LLC 3 Safety

Alterations to the product, e.g. modifications or conversions, are permitted only with the express written permission of SMA Solar Technology AG. Unauthorized alterations will void guarantee and warranty claims and usually void the operation permit. SMA shall not be held liable for any damage caused by such changes.

Any use of the product other than that described in the Intended Use section does not qualify as appropriate.

The enclosed documentation is an integral part of this product. Keep the documentation in a convenient place for future reference and observe all instructions contained therein.

The type label must remain permanently attached to the product.

3.2 Important Notes regarding Operation

Observe all operating and safety information in this document. If these instructions are ignored, a signific ant danger of inju ry or death arises and damage to th e device, system or plant may also result. Carefully read the safety precautions before installing and commissioning the device. Store the manual at an easily accessible location.

Danger to life due to high voltages in the Sunny Island

Death or serious injury possible due to electric shock.

• All work on the Sunny Island must only be carried out by electrically qualified persons.

• All work on the Sunny Island must only be carried out in accordance with this document.

• All safety precautions listed here must be observed.

Danger to life from electric shock due to damaged Sunny Island

Operating a damaged Sunny Island can lead to hazardous situations that can result in death or serious injuries due to electric shock.

• Only operate the Sunny Island when it is technically faultless and in an operationally safe state.

• Regularly check the Sunny Island for visible damage.

• Make sure that all external safety equipment is freely accessible at all times.

• Make sure that all safety equipment is in good working order.

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3 Safety SMA America, LLC

Risk of crushing injuries due to movable generator parts

Moving parts in the generator can crush or sever body parts. A generator can be started automatically by the Sunny Island.

• Only operate the generator with the safety equipment.

• Install, maintain, and operate the generator according to the manufacturer's specifications.

Danger to life due to incompatible lithium-ion battery

An incompatible lithium-ion battery can lead to a fire or an explosion. Use of incompatible lithium-ion batteries can also make the user’s battery management system unsafe, and void manufacturers’ warranties. To avoid fire or explosion, we strongly recommend doing the following:

• Verify that the battery complies with locally applicable standards and directives, and is intrinsically safe.

• Verify that the particular lithium-ion battery type is approved for use with the SMA Sunny Island inverter (please see “List of Approved Lithium-Ion Batteries” under the Technical Information tab at www.SMA-America.com).

• If manufacturer approved Sunny Island lithium-ion batteries are not available, you may use lead acid batteries.

Destruction of the Sunny Island due to parallel connection of Sunny Island inverters which are set to different grid voltages

• Do not connect a Sunny Island in parallel if its line voltage is set to different values.

Batteries may be destroyed due to deep discharge

The self-consumption of the Sunny Island discharges the battery. In standby mode, this load is about 4 W and about 25 W in no-load operation.

• If you install the Sunny Island and do not wish to use it immediately, switch the Sunny Island off (see Section9.3 "Switching Off", page75).

• If you want to decommission the Sunny Island for a long period, switch the Sunny Island off (see Section9.3 "Switching Off", page75).

Connection requirements

Be sure to observe all valid regional standards and directives.

28 SI4548-6048-US-BE-en-20 Operating Manual

SMA America, LLC 3 Safety

Installation altitude

The Sunny Island has been designed for use at altitudes of up to 9,840 ft (3,000 m) above MSL. Please contact SMA before using the device at altitudes above 9,840 ft (3,000 m).

A performance loss of 0.5% per 330 ft (100 m) is to be expected starting at an altitude of 6,560 ft (2,000 m) above MSL.

3.3 Potential Hazards

Electric shock from touching live components

Death or serious injuries. In order to ensure complete protection against contact, comply with the following observing this document:

• Ensure that the Sunny Island is correctly mounted.

• Ensure that the Sunny Island is properly grounded.

• Ensure that all connections are correctly made.

• Ensure that the enclosure lid is firmly closed.

Danger to life due to high voltages in the stand-alone grid

Death or serious injury possible due to electric shock. The Sunny Island can start on its own.

• Before working on the stand-alone grid, switch off and disconnect all AC and DC power sources.

• Ensure that the system cannot be reconnected.

• Open the enclosure lid of the Sunny Island and ensure that no voltage is present.

• Ground and short-circuit the AC cables outside the Sunny Island inverter.

• Cover or isolate any adjacent live components.

Operating Manual SI4548-6048-US-BE-en-20 29

3 Safety SMA America, LLC

Danger to life if the Sunny Island is used to supply energy to life-sustaining medical devices

The Sunny Island was not developed to power life-sustaining medical devices.

• Do not use the Sunny Island in systems in which a power outage might result in personal injury.

Destruction of the Sunny Island if installed in improper locations

The Sunny Island is only suited for indoor installation and corresponds to degree of protection NEMA 1 (IP30, or IP40 with inserted SD memory card).

• Do not expose the Sunny Island to moisture, rain or direct solar irradiation.

30 SI4548-6048-US-BE-en-20 Operating Manual

+ 214 hidden pages