SMA SC 500HE-20 User Manual
EN
Central inverter
SUNNY CENTRAL
500HE/630HE/720HE/760HE/800HE
Operating Manual
SCxxxHE-20-BE-BEN111210 | 98-4102110 | Version 1.0
SMA Solar Technology AG Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1 Information on this Manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1 Intended Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 Safety Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.3 Qualification of Skilled Worker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3 Product Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.1 Sunny Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.1.1 Design and Function of the Sunny Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.1.2 Touch Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.1.3 Indicator Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.1.4 Quick stop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.1.5 Key switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.2 Sunny Central Communication Controller. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.3 Sunny Central String-Monitor Controller. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.4 Remote shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.5 Insulation Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.5.1 How Insulation Monitoring Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.5.2 GFDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.5.3 Remote GFDI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.5.4 Soft Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.5.5 Insulation Monitoring Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.5.6 GFDI and Insulation Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.5.7 Remote GFDI and Insulation Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.6 Grid Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.6.1 Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.6.2 Active Power Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.6.3 Reactive Power Setpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.6.4 Dynamic Grid Support (FRT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
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3.6.5 Decoupling Protection Ramp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.6.6 Grid Management Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.7 Active Islanding Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.8 Serial Number and Device Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.9 Symbols on the Sunny Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4 Setting Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
5 SC-COM Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5.1 Displaying Spot Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5.2 Changing Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5.3 Setting Up the Sunny Central String-Monitor Controller . . . . . . 35
5.3.1 Setting the Parameters for String Current Monitoring in the PV Plant . . . . . . 35
5.4 Optional Settings for PV Plant Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.4.1 Changing the Communication Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.4.2 Changing the Monitoring Period. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.4.3 Assigning PV Strings to Various Measuring Channels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.4.4 Assigning PV strings to Different Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.4.5 Setting the Tripping Time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.4.6 Setting the Tolerance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.5 Reading the Measured Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.5.1 Reading the Measured Values of the Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.5.2 Reading the Measured Values for the Individual Measuring Channels . . . . 39
5.6 Setting the Remote Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.7 Disconnecting "Fully Hermetic Protection" for
the Transformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
6 Setpoint for Active Power and Reactive Power. . . . . . . . 41
6.1 Active Power Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
6.1.1 Frequency-Independent Active Power Limitation Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
6.1.2 Setting the Active Power Limitation Procedure and
Associated Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
6.1.3 "Off" Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
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6.1.4 "WCtlCom" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
6.1.5 "WCnst" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
6.1.6 "WCnstNom" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
6.1.7 "WCnstNomAnln" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
6.1.8 Displaying Error Messages and Warnings for Active Power Limitation . . . . 43
6.1.9 Active Power Limitation Depending on Power Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
6.1.10 Active Power Limitation Procedure Depending on Power Frequency and
Associated Parameter Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
6.1.11 Displaying the Status of the Active Power Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
6.2 Reactive Power Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
6.2.1 Procedure for Regulating Reactive Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
6.2.2 "Off" Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
6.2.3 "VArCtlCom" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
6.2.4 "PFCtlCom" Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
6.2.5 "VArCnst" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
6.2.6 "VArCnstNom" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
6.2.7 "VArCnstNomAnIn" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
6.2.8 "PFCnst" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
6.2.9 "PFCnstAnIn" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
6.2.10 "PFCtlW" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
6.2.11 "VArCtlVol" Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
6.2.12 "VArCtlVolHystTb" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
6.2.13 Displaying Error Messages and Warnings for the
Reactive Power Setpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
7 Grid Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
7.1 How Grid Monitoring Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
7.2 Grid Monitoring for Grid Voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
7.3 Grid Monitoring for Power Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
7.4 Grid Connection after Correction of Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
7.5 Setting the Medium Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
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Table of Contents SMA Solar Technology AG
8 Touch Display of the Sunny Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
8.1 Explanation of Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
8.2 Language Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
8.3 Changing the Date, Time, and Time Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
8.4 Choosing the Display Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
8.5 Adjusting the Contrast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
8.6 Entering the Installer Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
9 Insulation Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
9.1 Insulation Monitoring Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
9.1.1 Overview of Display and Control Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
9.1.2 Switching between the Main Menu and Standard Operation . . . . . . . . . . . 69
9.1.3 Selecting used PV Modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
9.2 Insulating PV Modules Equipped with GFDI and Insulation
Monitoring Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
9.3 Insulating PV Modules Equipped with Remote GFDI and
Insulation Monitoring Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
10 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
10.1 Viewing Errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
10.1.1 Viewing Errors on the Touch Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
10.1.2 Viewing Errors on the SC-COM Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
10.2 Confirming Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
10.2.1 Confirming Errors via the Key Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
10.2.2 Confirming Errors on the SC-COM Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
10.3 Displaying the Error Delay Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
10.4 Error 01xx … 13xx ‒ Grid Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
10.5 Error 34xx … 40xx ‒ PV Array Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
10.6 Error 60xx … 90xx ‒ Sunny Central Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
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SMA Solar Technology AG Table of Contents
11 Spot Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
11.1 Spot Values of the Inverter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
11.1.1 Power limitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
11.1.2 Error channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
11.1.3 Measured values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
11.1.4 Device-internal values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
11.1.5 Internal counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
11.1.6 Service-related display values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
11.2 Sunny Central String-Monitor Controller. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
11.2.1 Spot Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
11.2.2 Device-internal values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
11.2.3 Status values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
11.3 Sunny String-Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
11.3.1 spot Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
11.3.2 Device-internal values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
11.3.3 Status value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
12 Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
12.1 Sunny Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
12.1.1 Power limitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
12.1.2 Grid Monitoring/Grid Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
12.1.3 Grid Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
12.1.4 Insulation Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
12.1.5 Device-Internal Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
12.2 Sunny Central String-Monitor Controller. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
12.3 Sunny String-Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
13 Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
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SMA Solar Technology AG
8 SCxxxHE-20-BE-BEN111210 Operating Manual
SMA Solar Technology AG 1 Information on this Manual
1 Information on this Manual
Validity
This manual is valid for the following device types with firmware version 01.15.01.R or higher:
• Sunny Central 500HE (SC 500HE-20)
• Sunny Central 630HE (SC 630HE-20)
• Sunny Central 720HE (SC 720HE-20)
• Sunny Central 760HE (SC 760HE-20)
• Sunny Central 800HE (SC 800HE-20)
Target Group
This manual is intended for skilled workers. Only qualified personnel are allowed to perform the tasks
set forth in this manual (see section 2.3"Qualification of Skilled Worker",page14).
Additional Information
Additional information is available at www.SMA.de/en:
Information Document Type
Installation requirements for Sunny Central 500HE/630HE/
720HE/760HE/800HE
Medium-voltage Transformers ‒ Important requirements for
medium-voltage transformers for Sunny Central of the HE and CP
range
COM-B ‒ Communication distributor for large-scale plants with
Sunny Central, Sunny Mini Central or Sunny Tripower
Sunny Main Box ‒ Connecting the DC cabling for PV inverters Technical Information
Technical Information
Technical Information
Technical Information
Operating Manual SCxxxHE-20-BE-BEN111210 9
1 Information on this Manual SMA Solar Technology AG
%"/(&3
8"3/*/(
$"65*0/
/05*$&
Symbols
Symbol Explanation
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death
or serious injury.
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death
or serious injury.
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor
or moderate injury.
Indicates a situation that can result in property damage if not avoided.
Indicates information that is important for a specific topic or objective, but
is not safety-relevant.
☐ Indicates a requirement for meeting a specific goal.
☑ Desired result.
✖ Undesired result. Followed by a solution on how to achieve the desired
result.
Typography
Typography Usage Example
"light" • Display messages
• Parameters
• Terminals
•Slots
bold •Elements that are to be selected
• Elements that are to be specified
> • A series of elements that are to
be selected
[Button/key] • Button or key that you are to
select or press
• The inverter switches to the
"Stop" mode.
• Set the "FanTest" parameter to
1.
•Select Plant > Detect.
• Select [Start detection].
Nomenclature
In this manual, the Sunny Central of the HE production series is referred to as a Sunny Central or
inverter.
In this manual, the Sunny Central Communication Controller is also referred to as SC-COM.
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SMA Solar Technology AG 2 Safety
2Safety
2.1 Intended Use
The Sunny Central is a central inverter which converts the direct current from PV modules into
alternating current. The maximum permissible DC input voltage of the inverter must not be exceeded.
The Sunny Central is suitable for indoor installation provided that the specified safety distances are
maintained. The enclosure complies with the IP21 degree of protection. IP21 means that the closed
inverter is protected against vertically falling dripping water. The inverter is classified under Class
3 C1L according to EN 60721-3-3.
Inverters of the HE series may only be operated in conjunction with a suitable transformer. The
tr ans for mer must be d esi gne d fo r the vol tag es t hat aris e du rin g pulsed inverter operation. The voltages
can reach a magnitude of maximum ±1 450 V to ground. (see the "Medium-voltage Transformer"
Technical Information at www.SMA.de/en).
Se tti ngs tha t af fect gri d ma nag eme nt m ay not be dis abl ed o r mo dified without first obtaining approval
from the grid operator.
Figure1: Principle of a grid-tie PV plant with an inverter
Position Designation
APV modules
B DC sub-distribution box (e.g. Sunny String-Monitor)
C Sunny Central
D Medium-voltage transformer (e.g. Transformer Compact Station)
E Power distribution grid
Operating Manual SCxxxHE-20-BE-BEN111210 11
2 Safety SMA Solar Technology AG
2.2 Safety Instructions
Electrical Risk
Risk of electric shock when touching conductive parts
High voltages that can cause electrical shocks are present in the inverter. Work on the inverter is only
allowed if the power is disconnected and in compliance with the guidelines that apply at the
installation location.
• Disconnect the following components:
– Grid voltage for grid feed-in
– Internal power supply
–DC voltage from the PV array
– Additional external voltages (e.g. control signals of a control room)
• Ensure that the device cannot be reconnected.
•Ensure that no voltage is present.
• Ground and short-circuit.
• Cover any adjacent live components.
Electric shock through capacitors not fully discharged
Hazardous voltages may still be present in the inverter even if the AC and DC main switches are
switched off.
• Wait at least 10 minutes after switching off the inverter.
Electric shock caused by damage to the inverter
Using a damaged inverter can lead to serious or lethal injuries through electric shock.
• Only use the inverter when it is functioning properly and safely.
• Check the inverter regularly for visible damage.
• Ensure that all safety features are freely accessible at all times.
• Regularly check for correct functioning.
Electric shock caused by ground fault
If a ground fault occurs, sections of the plant that appear grounded may in fact be energized.
• Ensure that no voltage is present before touching.
Electric shock when entering the PV field
The insulation monitoring device with GFDI or Remote GFDI does not provide protection from injury
when GFDI is activated. PV modules grounded by means of GFDI disperse voltage to the ground.
When entering the PV field, lethal electric shocks may occur.
• Before entering the PV field, switch the PV modules to insulated operation.
• Ensure that the insulation resistance of the PV field is greater than 1 k Ω .
12 SCxxxHE-20-BE-BEN111210 Operating Manual
SMA Solar Technology AG 2 Safety
Electric shock resulting from a failure to comply with safety requirements
Failure to follow this manual, the general instructions or the safety instructions may lead to severe
injury or death from electric shock.
• Only perform work as described in this manual.
• Observe all safety instructions.
• Establish all electrical connections according to the circuit diagram.
• Safely store the documentation within the immediate area of the inverter. It must be accessible
to service and maintenance personnel at all times.
If the key remains in the door lock, the inverter can be opened by unauthorized persons.
• Remove the key from the door locks and from the key switch.
• Keep the keys in a safe place.
Electrostatic discharge can damage electronic components
Electrostatic discharge can damage or destroy electronic component parts.
• When working on the inverter or handling components, observe the ESD safety regulations and
wear protective gloves.
• Discharge the electrostatic charge through contact with unvarnished, grounded enclosure parts
(e.g. the protective conductor connection on the doors). Only then is it safe to touch any
electronic components.
Burn Hazard
Some components, such as fuses, can become hot during operation.
• Wear safety gloves when working on the inverter.
Inverter Damage
Tampering with the device may result in plant damage.
• Do not operate the inverter while the door is open.
Penetrating moisture can damage the inverter.
• Do not open the inverter when it is raining or the humidity is greater than 95%.
Warning signs must be easily readable at all times and must be replaced in the event of damage.
Hazard due to blocked escape route
Opening of the doors of 2 opposing inverters blocks the escape route. An escape route must be
available at all times. Make sure the minimum passage width of the route meets local standards. In
Germany, the minimum passage width is 500 mm.
• Only the door of one inverter may be open at any given time.
Operating Manual SCxxxHE-20-BE-BEN111210 13
2 Safety SMA Solar Technology AG
2.3 Qualification of Skilled Worker
All work on the inverter may only be carried out by qualified technical personnel. Qualified means
that the personnel have been properly trained for their assigned tasks.
For commissioning and operating the inverter, the personnel must be familiar with the installation
manual and the user manual. The safety instructions must be observed in particular.
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SMA Solar Technology AG 3 Product Description
3 Product Description
3.1 Sunny Central
3.1.1 Design and Function of the Sunny Central
The Sunny Central is a PV inverter that converts the direct current from the PV array into alternating
current for the grid.
Figure2: Sunny Central, using the example of a Sunny Central 800HE with touch display
Position Description
A Inverter cabinet
B Connection cabinet
CTouch display
D Service interface
EKey switch
FQuick stop
Operating Manual SCxxxHE-20-BE-BEN111210 15
3 Product Description SMA Solar Technology AG
Figure3: Control elements of a Sunny Central 800HE with indicator lights
Position Description
A Inverter cabinet
B Connection cabinet
C Indicator lights
D Service interface
EKey switch
FQuick stop
The Sunny Central is controlled via the SC-COM and Power Reducer Box and can therefore meet the
requirements of your grid operator.
When switched on, the inverter will cycle through various operating states:
16 SCxxxHE-20-BE-BEN111210 Operating Manual
SMA Solar Technology AG 3 Product Description
Figure4: Principle overview of the operating states of the Sunny Central
Operating Manual SCxxxHE-20-BE-BEN111210 17
3 Product Description SMA Solar Technology AG
Stop
The Sunny Central is switched off. "Stop" or "Remote control disconnection active" appears on the
display.
If the key switch is set to "Start", the Sunny Central switches to the "Grid monitoring" operating state.
Grid monitoring
The Sunny Central is in the "Grid monitoring" operating state. "Wait. valid AC grid" appears on the
display.
The grid limits will now be monitored continuously. If a grid fault does not occur during the grid
monitoring time, the AC contactor closes and the Sunny Central switches to "Grid monitoring time
reached" operating state.
If the grid limits are exceeded during the monitoring time T
grid monitoring
, the Sunny Central will
reactivate "Grid monitoring".
Grid monitoring time reached
The Sunny Central is in the "Grid monitoring time reached" operating state. "Wait. for PV voltage" or
"Warten auf EVU"* appears on the display.
If the input voltage U
exceeds the start voltage "PvVtgStrLevMin", the Sunny Central waits until the
PV
time specified in the "PvStrT" parameter elapses. If the input voltage UPV does not fall below the start
voltage "PvVtgStrLevMin" dur ing thi s ti me, the Sun ny Ce ntr al c hec ks w het her the AC g rid is connected.
If a valid AC grid is available, the Sunny Central switches to the "Startup" operating state.
The start voltage "PvVtgStrLevMin" must be adjusted to conform to the PV array connected to the
Sunny Central. Check and adjust the start voltage as necessary.
Startup
The Sunny Central is in the "Startup" operating state. "Operation" appears on the display.
The Sunny Central moves to its initial operating point and begins the feed-in process.
MPP Load Operation
In the MPP operating state, the Sunny Central feeds power into the grid and operates permanently at
the Maximum Power Point (MPP). "Operation" and the amount of fed-in power appears on the
display.
If the measured power PPV during the time interval T
is less than P
Stop
or the key switch is set to
pvStop
"Stop", the Sunny Central switches to the "Shutdown" operating state.
Shutdown
The Sunny Central is in the "Shutdown" operating state. "Operation" appears on the display.
If the key switch is set to "Stop", the Sunny Central switches to the "Stop" operating state. If the
Su nny Cen tra l sh uts dow n be cau se t he f eed -co ndi tio ns h ave not been met, the Sunny Central switches
to the "Grid monitoring" operating state.
* The inverter is waiting for feed-in authoriziation from the grid operator.
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SMA Solar Technology AG 3 Product Description
Fault
If a fault occurs during operation, the Sunny Central switches off and the "Fault" appears on the
display (see section 10"Troubleshooting",page72).
3.1.2 Touch Display
Depending on which option is ordered, the Sunny Central may be equipped with a touch display.
Different kinds of inverter data can be viewed on the touch display. The touch display is only used as
a means for viewing data. The display switches off if it is inactive for more than 5 minutes. It switches
on when it is touched.
3.1.3 Indicator Lights
Depending on which option is ordered, the Sunny Central may be equipped with 3 indicator lights.
The indicator lights show the status of the inverter.
The functions of each status are described below.
Status Designation Function
Green indicator
light glows
continuously
Yellow and green
indicator lights
glow
continuously
Yellow indicator
light glows
continuously
Red indicator
light glows
continuously
All indicator lights
are off
Feed-in operation The Sunny Central is feeding
into the power distribution grid.
Limited operation The Sunny Central has detected
a warning. The warning
currently does not affect the
operation of the Sunny Central.
Warning The Sunny Central is currently
not feeding power into the grid
an d ha s detec ted a warnin g. I t is
automatically reset as soon as
the warning is no longer present.
This status is used, for instance,
when the level of irradiation is
low.
Fault
No feed-in
operation
The Sunny Central has detected a
fault and is now switched off
(see section
10"Troubleshooting",page72).
The Sunny Central is not feeding
into the grid, the supply voltage
is disconnected, or the key
switch is set to "Stop".
Operating Manual SCxxxHE-20-BE-BEN111210 19
3 Product Description SMA Solar Technology AG
3.1.4 Quick stop
In case of emergency, this switch enables disconnection of the inverter from the PV array and the
medium-voltage grid within 500 ms.
Tripping the quick-stop function
The quick-stop function may only be tripped if there is imminent danger.
Pressing the quick-stop button does not trigger a quick discharge of the capacitors.
Pressing the quick-stop button opens the DC contactor, switches off the inverter bridge and
disconnects the inverter from the AC grid.
3.1.5 Key switch
The key switch is used to switch the Sunny Central on and off.
Switch position "Start"
After turning the switch to the "Start" position, the Sunny Central switches from "Stop" to
"Grid monitoring" operating state and the DC main switch is turned on. If there is sufficient irradiation
and a valid grid connection, the Sunny Central switches to feed-in operation. If there is insufficient
irradiation, the input voltage is too low for startup and the Sunny Central remains in the
"Grid monitoring" state.
Switch position "Stop"
If the key switch is turned to "Stop" while the Sunny Central is in the "Grid monitoring" state, a motor
drive automatically shuts off the DC main switch. The Sunny Central switches to the "Stop" operating
state.
If the key switch is turned to "Stop" while the Sunny Central is in "MPP load operation" state, the
Sunny Central switches to the "Shutdown" operating state. Once shutdown is complete, the AC
contactor and the DC main switch tur n off aut oma tic all y and the Sunny C entral goe s into "Stop" mode.
20 SCxxxHE-20-BE-BEN111210 Operating Manual
SMA Solar Technology AG 3 Product Description
HE
SUNNY CENTRAL
STRING MONITOR CONTROLLER
3.2 Sunny Central Communication Controller
The SC-COM is the central communication interface of the inverter. The SC-COM establishes the
connection between the inverter and the plant operator.
Figure5: SC-COM
The SC-COM collects all data from the connected devices. The SC-COM enables monitoring,
parameterization and remote diagnosis of the inverter via computer, as well as power regulation by
the grid operator.
These various tasks performed by the SC-COM can be organized in 2 separate networks:
• Monitoring network: for performing monitoring, parameterization and remote diagnosis.
• Regulation network: for transmitting the grid management specifications of the grid operator.
Since the regulation network is used exclusively for transmitting data from the grid operator, the
specifications will be available in the required time.
If the amount of data flowing through the monitoring network is low, the grid operator specifications
can also be transmitted via the monitoring network. In this case, there is no need for 2 networks.
The operator can access all data stored in the SC-COM via an Ethernet connection.
You can set the parameters of the inverter via the SC-COM.
The networks can be set up using copper cables or optical fibers.
PV plant communication type
The interfaces of the SC-COM are set by default to "COM3" and a 115 200 baud rate. Do
not modify these settings.
3.3 Sunny Central String-Monitor Controller
Depending on which options are ordered, the Sunny Central may be equipped with a
Sunny Central String-Monitor Controller for string monitoring. This controller allows communication
between the Sunny String-Monitors and the Sunny Central.
Operating Manual SCxxxHE-20-BE-BEN111210 21
3 Product Description SMA Solar Technology AG
HE
SUNNY CENTRAL
STRING MONITOR CONTROLLER
SUNNY CENTRAL
STRING MONITOR CONTROLLER
Figure6: Sunny Central String-Monitor Controller
The String-Monitor units measure the string currents via the integrated measuring circuit board and
continuously calculate the average value of the string currents. The measuring circuit board compares
the string currents with the average values. If a string current exceeds or falls short of the specified
threshold for the average value, a warning or fault is generated and displayed via the indicator lights
or the display and on the SC-COM surface.
3.4 Remote shutdown
With the remote shutdown unit, you can set the Sunny Central to switch off or shut down within
6 seconds (e.g. from a control room). The remote shutdown is similar to the stop function of the key
switch.
If the remote shutdown unit is activated from the control room when the Sunny Central is in
"Grid monitoring" operating state, a motor drive automatically shuts off the main DC switch and the
Sunny Central switches to "Stop".
If the remote shutdown unit is activated from the control room when the Sunny Central is in the
"MPP load operation" operating state, the Sunny Central switches to "Shutdown". Once shutdown is
co mpl ete , th e AC con tactor a nd t he D C ma in s wit ch t urn off aut oma tic all y an d the Sun ny C ent ral goe s
into "Stop" operating state.
3.5 Insulation Monitoring
3.5.1 How Insulation Monitoring Works
Insulation monitoring is a mechanism for ensuring plant protection in electrical devices. There are
different types of insulation monitoring:
• In grounded grids
Insulation monitoring is performed via a residual current monitoring device. If an insulation
failure occurs, the fault currents will be detected and interrupted.
• In ungrounded grids
An insulation monitoring device constantly determines the insulation resistance using an active
measurement procedure. If the insulation resistance falls below the warning threshold specified
in the insulation monitoring device, an insulation warning will given via the indicator lights or on
22 SCxxxHE-20-BE-BEN111210 Operating Manual
SMA Solar Technology AG 3 Product Description
ono
n
o
o
f
f
off
INFO
TEST
RESET
MENU
U2-F10
HE
the display. This allows measures to be taken to prevent errors (e.g. injury risk due to leakage
current or plant failure). If the insulation resistance falls below the specified warning threshold,
then the plant can switch itself off. The "IsoErrIgn" parameter can be used to configure the
shutdown process when an error occurs.
3.5.2 GFDI
Depending on the order, ground fault monitoring in the Sunny Central is carried out via ground fault
detection interruption (GFDI). This process is used to ground one pole of the PV array.
GFDI is performed via a high-performance k-type miniature circuit breaker with adjustable operating
current. It is integrated in the inverter and connected between an input busbar and the protective
conductor bar.
Figure7: GFDI in the Sunny Central
Ground fault on ungrounded pole
If a ground fault occurs at the PV array pole that is not grounded, a fault current will flow to the
grounded pole through the GFDI thus triggering it. The fault current is interrupted as a result and the
PV array is not grounded via the ground fault.
If the GFDI is tripped, the insulation monitoring device switches off the inverter so that the insulation
error can be corrected.
Ground fault on grounded pole
The GFDI is bypassed when a ground fault occurs in the grounded pole of the PV array. The ground
fault on the grounded pole cannot be reliably detected. A ground fault that occurs unnoticed on the
grounded pole poses a safety risk. An additional ground fault on the non-grounded pole leads to
higher fault currents that cannot be interrupted by the GFDI. We therefore recommend using an
additional insulation monitoring device in grounded systems. This will allow the insulation to be
checked at regular intervals.
3.5.3 Remote GFDI
Depending on the order, ground fault monitoring in the Sunny Central is carried out via ground fault
detection interruption with motor drive, abbreviated remote GFDI. This process is used to ground one
pole of the PV array. Remote GFDI also enables automatic error processing. This prevents downtimes
and service calls due to temporary insulation errors such as condensation on the PV modules.
Operating Manual SCxxxHE-20-BE-BEN111210 23
3 Product Description SMA Solar Technology AG
ono
n
o
o
f
f
off
INFOTEST
RESET
MENU
U2-F10
HE
SUNNY WEBBOX
U
S
B
C
O
M
N
E
T
C
O
M
S
M
A
C
O
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M
E
M
O
R
Y
R
E
P
O
R
T
S
Y
S
T
E
M
P
O
W
E
R
SUNNY CENTRAL
STRING MONITOR CONTROLLER
onon
o
offoff
INFO
TEST
RESET
MENU
U2-F10
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GFDI is performed via a high-performance k-type miniature circuit breaker with adjustable operating
current. It is integrated in the inverter and connected between an input busbar and the protective
conductor bar.
Figure8: Remote GFDI in the Sunny Central
If the remote GFDI trips, a temporary error is assumed and a motor will close the GFDI after a delay.
The triggered remote GFDI can be closed without an external starting command. The inverter can
switch back to feed-in operation after a delay.
In the default setting, the Sunny Central software will attempt to start the GFDI up to 3 times per day.
If the GFDI is triggered on consecutive days, the software assumes a permanent insulation error and
shuts down the inverter permanently. In this case an electrically qualified person needs to check and,
if necessary, repair the insulation and then confirm the error.
3.5.4 Soft Grounding
Depending on the order, the Sunny Central can also monitor for ground faults via soft grounding. This
process grounds one pole of the PV array through a resistor.
Figure9: Soft grounding in Sunny Central
If a ground fault occurs on the non-grounded pole of the PV array, the soft grounding resistance will
generate a fault current. The fault current increases the voltage of the grounded pole in relation to the
protective conductor. With soft grounding, the insulation is monitored by measuring the voltage
between the grounded pole and the protective conductor. "U
determine the DC voltage when the grounded pole is positive or negative, respectively.
24 SCxxxHE-20-BE-BEN111210 Operating Manual
+ to PE" or "UPV‒ to PE" is used to
PV
SMA Solar Technology AG 3 Product Description
If the amount of voltage measured exceeds a certain threshold, the grounding of the PV array is
disconnected and the fault current is interrupted. This threshold can be set as a parameter.
If a soft grounding fault occurs, the inverter will stop operating. An electrically qualified person is
required to check and repair the insulation if necessary and reactiv ate the d evi ce b y pr ess ing t he r ese t
button.
It is not possible to detect an insulation error on the grounded pole.
3.5.5 Insulation Monitoring Device
Depending on the order, an insulation monitoring device monitors the insulation resistance of the
PV plant in ungrounded networks.
In the "MPP load operation" operating state, the insulation resistance of the entire system will be
detected, from the PV modules to the medium-voltage transformer.
If the inverter is the "Grid monitoring" operating state, only the insulation resistance from the
PV modules to the inverter will be detected.
Figure10: Insulation monitoring device in Sunny Central
Object Description
ADisplay
BLEDs
C Control buttons
A measuring circuit and a relay with a changeover contact are integrated in the insulation monitoring
device.
The insulation monitoring device is connected between the PV voltage and the protective conductor.
The contacts of the relay are placed on the customer's terminal strip and can be used by the customer
to trigger an signal light or horn. The specifications of the relay are indicated in the circuit diagram.
If the insulation resistance falls below the specified warning threshold ALARM2, the measuring circuit
closes and LED 2 on the insulation measuring device glows. An insulation warning is generated. In
parallel, the insulation monitoring device activates a relay that includes a changeover contact. This
relay is integrated in the inverter.
Operating Manual SCxxxHE-20-BE-BEN111210 25
3 Product Description SMA Solar Technology AG
If an i nsu lat ion erro r oc cur s, t he i nsu lat ion res ista nce wil l fall below the ALARM1 threshold. In this case
the operating behavior of the inverter can be set via parameters:
• If the parameter "IsoErrIgn" is set to Off, the measuring circuit generates a fault message and
the inverter switches off when the ALARM1 value falls below a specific threshold. LED1 turns on.
• If the parameter "IsoErrIgn" is set to On, the error message from the measuring circuit is ignored
when the ALARM1 value falls below a specific threshold. The inverter continues to feed power
into the grid and generates the error message "3504 ‒ insulation failure ignored".
Type of insulation monitoring device used
The insulation monitoring device used is the A-ISOMETER iso-PV device supplied by
Bender GmbH & Co. KG.
3.5.6 GFDI and Insulation Monitoring
If "GF DI a nd I nsu lat ion Mon ito rin g" i s or der ed, you can tem por ari ly d isa ble the gro und ing con nec tio n
of the PV array and check the insulation with the integrated insulation monitoring device.
When t he GFDI is close d, the PV fi eld is grounded and t he insulation resistance cannot be determined.
If the GFDI is open, the grounding connection is disabled and the insulation monitoring device can
continuously measure the insulation resistance. In the "MPP load operation" operating state, the
insulation resistance of the entire system will be detected, from the PV modules to the medium-voltage
transformer. If the inverter is the "Grid monitoring" operating state, only the insulation resistance from
the PV modules to the inverter will be detected.
Insulation monitoring should be performed in the "MPP load operation" operating state so that all
sections of the PV plant are included in the insulation measurement.
The parameter for insulation monitoring allows you to configure how an error message in the
insulation monitoring device will affect the operating behavior of the Sunny Central:
• If the parameter "IsoErrIgn" is set to Off, the measuring circuit generates a fault message and
the inverter switches off when the ALARM1 value falls below a specific threshold. LED1 turns on.
• If the parameter "IsoErrIgn" is set to On, the error message from the measuring circuit is ignored
when the ALARM1 value falls below a specific threshold. The inverter continues to feed power
into the grid and generates the error message "3504 ‒ insulation failure ignored".
Insulation Monitoring
The insulation monitoring device will start measuring once the GFDI is open. The device will initially
assume that the insulation is poor. If the parameter "IsoErrIgn" is set to Off, the inverter will switch off
temporarily.
Within 5 minutes the insulation monitoring device will determine the correct insulation resistance,
which can be viewed on the device's display. If the insulation is intact, the inverter switches back to
"MPP load operation". The error "3505 ‒ ground fault ignored" appears. This error indicates that the
PV array is operating without a grounding connection. If the insulation monitoring process is complete,
the GFDI should close again and thus allow the PV array to operate with a grounding connection.
26 SCxxxHE-20-BE-BEN111210 Operating Manual
SMA Solar Technology AG 3 Product Description
If, after approx. 5 minutes, one of the failures "3501 ‒ insulation failure", "3504 ‒ insulation failure
ignored" or "3601 ‒ Warning insulation failure" is displayed, the insulation is defective. In this case,
an electrically qualified person must check and, if necessary, repair the insulation and confirm the
failure.
3.5.7 Remote GFDI and Insulation Monitoring
The "Remote GFDI and Insulation Monitoring" order option enables automatic error correction and
allows you to temporarily disable the grounding connection of the PV array and then check the
insulation with the integrated insulation monitoring device.
Wh en t he G FDI is c los ed, the PV field is g rou nde d an d th e in sul ation resistance cannot be determined.
If the remote GFDI trips, a temporary error is assumed and a motor will close the GFDI after a delay.
The triggered remote GFDI can be closed without an external starting command. The inverter can
switch back to feed-in operation after a delay.
In the default setting, the Sunny Central software will attempt to start the GFDI up to 3 times per day.
If the GFDI is triggered on consecutive days, the software assumes a permanent insulation error and
shuts down the inverter permanently. In this case an electrically qualified person needs to check and,
if necessary, repair the insulation and then confirm the error.
If the remote GFDI is open, the grounding connection is disabled and the insulation monitoring device
can continuously measure the insulation resistance. In the "MPP load operation" operating state, the
insulation resistance of the entire system will be detected, from the PV modules to the medium-voltage
transformer. If the inverter is the "Grid monitoring" operating state, only the insulation resistance from
the PV modules to the inverter will be detected.
Insulation monitoring should be performed in the "MPP load operation" operating state so that all
sections of the PV plant are included in the insulation measurement.
The parameter for insulation monitoring allows you to configure how an error message in the
insulation monitoring device will affect the operating behavior of the Sunny Central:
• If the parameter "IsoErrIgn" is set to Off, the measuring circuit generates a fault message and
the inverter switches off when the ALARM1 value falls below a specific threshold. LED1 turns on.
• If the parameter "IsoErrIgn" is set to On, the error message from the measuring circuit is ignored
when the ALARM1 value falls below a specific threshold. The inverter continues to feed power
into the grid and generates the error message "3504 ‒ insulation failure ignored".
Insulation Monitoring
To disable the grounding connection of the PV array, the "RemMntSvc" parameter must be set to On.
This allows a motor to open the remote GFDI.
If the remote GFDI is opened via the "RemMntSvc" parameter, the insulation monitoring device will
start measuring after the delay defined by the "IsoMeasDly" parameter. This allows the insulation
monitoring device to determine the insulation resistance without interrupting the feed-in operation. If
an insulation failure occurs, it will be considered at the end of the delay.
Operating Manual SCxxxHE-20-BE-BEN111210 27
3 Product Description SMA Solar Technology AG
If the insulation is intact, the error "3505 ‒ ground fault ignored" appears. This error indicates that the
PV array is operating without a grounding connection. If the insulation monitoring process is complete,
the "RemMntSvc" parameter should be set to Off and thus allows the PV array to operate with a
grounding connection.
If, after approx. 5 minutes, one of the failures "3501 ‒ insulation failure", "3504 ‒ insulation failure
ignored" or "3601 ‒ Warning insulation failure" is displayed, the insulation is defective. In this case,
an electrically qualified person must check and, if necessary, repair the insulation and confirm the
failure.
3.6 Grid Management
3.6.1 Requirements
In Germany, PV plants with more than 100 kWp of connected power must be integrated into a feedin and grid management system. First and foremost, the grid operator must be able to limit the power
of the PV plant by remote control and temporarily reduce it to zero in critical cases. The relevant
control commands of the grid operator must therefore be transmitted to the Sunny Central quickly and
reliably for implementation.
The following illustration shows how the specifications of the grid operator are implemented. The
Power Reducer Box sends the specifications of the grid operator to the inverters.
Figure11: Principle of grid integration
Besides the Power Reducer Box, there are two other options for meeting the requirement of grid
management:
• Receiving the signals via 2 analog inputs on the Sunny Central
• Manually adjusting the specifications via parameters
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SMA Solar Technology AG 3 Product Description
3.6.2 Active Power Limitation
Five methods are available for limiting the active power regardless of power frequency. The limit can
be defined using a parameter and supplied by the grid operator via an external signal.
In addition to these methods, the active power can also be limited according to the power frequency.
3.6.3 Reactive Power Setpoint
The Sunny Central can provide reactive power. There are 11 methods for specifying the reactive
power setpoint. They include entering a fixed parameter, processing an external signal from the grid
operator or specifying the reactive power using characteristic curve parameters.
3.6.4 Dynamic Grid Support (FRT)
The Sunny Central can support the grid during a grid voltage drop by supplying reactive power.
3.6.5 Decoupling Protection Ramp
After a grid fault, the Sunny Central restarts at a maximum 10% of nominal power per minute using
a decoupling protection ramp. You have the option of switching this decoupling protection ramp on
or off.
If you switch the decoupling protection ramp off, the Sunny Central quickly returns to maximum
power.
If you wish to deactivate the decoupling protection ramp, consult the SMA Service Line.
3.6.6 Grid Management Shutdown
If the power grid becomes unstable and overloaded, grid management requires that the inverter
disconnect from the grid immediately. In such cases the relevant signal will be sent by the grid
operator or the transfer point safety system. The inverter disconnects from the grid immediately and
displays error 9013.
The error will be reset in the inverter after a signal is sent by the grid operator of transfer point safety
system.
3.7 Active Islanding Detection
The active islanding detection function detects the formation of island grids during a grid failure and
disconnects the Sunny Central from the grid.
Stand-alone grids form when the following conditions are present at the same time:
• The medium voltage grid fails
• The Sunny Central feeds in x amount of power
• There is a consumer on the same branch of the grid with a load equal to x amount of power
To enable the active islanding detection, contact the SMA Service Line.
Operating Manual SCxxxHE-20-BE-BEN111210 29
3 Product Description SMA Solar Technology AG
3.8 Serial Number and Device Type
The serial number (Serial No.) and device type (Type) of the Sunny Central are listed on the type
label. The type label is located on the inside of the right door on both the inverter cabinet and the
connection cabinet.
The serial number and the type of product, as well as device-specific characteristics are specified on
both type labels.
The serial number can also be found on the Sunny Central on the top left corner of the roof.
3.9 Symbols on the Sunny Central
All the symbols on the Sunny Central and the type label are explained below.
Symbol Designation
CE mark.
The Sunny Central complies with all relevant EU directives.
Protection class I.
All operating facilities are connected to the protective conductor system of the
Sunny Central.
Degree of protection IP21.
The Sunny Central is protected against dripping water.
Beware of dangerous electrical voltage.
The Sunny Central operates at high voltages. All installation work on the
Sunny Central must be performed by electrically qualified persons only.
30 SCxxxHE-20-BE-BEN111210 Operating Manual
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