SMA SC 400HE User Manual

Central inverter

SUNNY CENTRAL 400HE/500HE/630HE

Operating Manual

SC4-63HE-BE-BEN103280 | 98-4008280 | Version 8.0

SMA Solar Technology AG Table of Contents

Table of Contents

1 Notes on this Manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2.1 Intended Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2.2 Safety Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.3 Target Group Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

3 Product Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

3.1 Sunny Central . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

3.2 Indicator Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.3 Key Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.4 Emergency Stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.5 Sunny Central Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.6 Sunny Central Control Menu Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

3.7 Overview of the Analog Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3.8 Insulation Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3.8.1 How Insulation Monitoring Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3.8.2 GFDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3.8.3 Remote GFDI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

3.8.4 Soft Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

3.8.5 Insulation Monitoring Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

3.9 External Grid Monitoring Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

3.10 Grid Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

3.10.1 Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

3.10.2 Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

3.10.3 Active Power Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

3.10.4 Reactive Power Setpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

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Table of Contents SMA Solar Technology AG

3.11 Active Island Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

3.12 NET Piggy-Back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

3.13 Serial Number and Device Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

4 Sunny Central Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

4.1 Display Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

4.2 Password and System Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

4.2.1 Adjusting the Display Contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

4.2.2 Entering the Password. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

4.2.3 Locking the Sunny Central Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

4.2.4 Setting the Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

4.2.5 Changing the Date and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

4.2.6 Display Firmware Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

4.3 Measured Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

4.3.1 Measured Data via Sunny Data Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

4.3.2 Requesting Measured Data from the Sunny Central Control . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

4.3.3 Displaying the Daily Energy Yield Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

4.3.4 Deleting the Daily Energy Yield Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

4.3.5 Adding Other Measurement Channels to Long-Term Data List . . . . . . . . . . . 34

4.3.6 Resetting the Long-Term Data List of the Measurement Channels to the

Factory Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

4.3.7 Deleting Measured Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

4.4 Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

4.4.1 Changing Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

4.4.2 Saving Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

4.4.3 Resetting Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

4.5 Sending Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

4.5.1 Activating E-mail Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

4.5.2 Selecting the Report Types to Send. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

4.5.3 Entering or Changing an E-mail Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

4.5.4 Sending Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

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SMA Solar Technology AG Table of Contents

4.6 Analog Sensors and External Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

4.6.1 Calculating Gain and Offset of External Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

4.6.2 Configuring ExtSolIrr and ExtGloIrr Analog Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

4.6.3 Displaying the Sensor's Spot Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

4.6.4 Setting the External Alarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

4.7 Active Power Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

4.7.1 Frequency-independent Active Power Limitation Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

4.7.2 "Off" Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

4.7.3 "WCtlCom" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

4.7.4 "WCnst" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

4.7.5 "WCnstNom" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

4.7.6 "WCnstNomAnln" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

4.7.7 Displaying Error Messages and Warnings for Active Power Limitation . . . . 45

4.7.8 Active Power Limitation Depending on Power Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

4.7.9 Displaying the Status of the Active Power Limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

4.8 Reactive Power Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

4.8.1 Procedure for Regulating Reactive Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

4.8.2 "Off" Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

4.8.3 "VArCtlCom" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

4.8.4 "PFCtlCom" Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

4.8.5 "VArCnst" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

4.8.6 "VArCnstNom" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

4.8.7 "VArCnstNomAnIn" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

4.8.8 "PFCnst" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

4.8.9 "PFCnstAnIn" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

4.8.10 "PFCtlW" Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

4.8.11 "VArCtlVol" Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

4.8.12

Displaying Error Messages and Warnings for the Reactive Power Setpoint

. . 54

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Table of Contents SMA Solar Technology AG

4.9 Grid Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

4.9.1 How Grid Monitoring Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

4.9.2 Grid Monitoring for Grid Voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

4.9.3 Grid Monitoring for Power Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

4.9.4 Grid Connection after Correction of Error. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

4.9.5 Setting the Medium Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

4.9.6 Configuring the Decoupling Protection Ramp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

5 Insulation Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

5.1 Switching the Remote GFDI on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

5.2 Insulation Monitoring Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

5.2.1 Overview of Display and Control Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

5.2.2 Switching between the Main Menu and Standard Operation . . . . . . . . . . . 60

5.2.3 Selecting used PV Modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

5.3 Combining GFDI and Insulation Monitoring Device. . . . . . . . . 61

6 External Grid Monitoring Relay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

6.1 Overview of Display and Control Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

6.2 Display Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

6.3 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

6.3.1 Switching into Configuration Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

6.3.2 Displaying the Basic Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

6.3.3 Access for Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

6.3.4 Entering Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

6.3.5 Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

6.3.6 Overvoltage Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

6.3.7 Undervoltage Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

6.3.8 Overfrequency Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

6.3.9 Underfrequency Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

6.4 Relay Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

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SMA Solar Technology AG Table of Contents

7 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

7.1 Identifying Errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

7.2 Types of Failures and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

7.3 Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

7.4 Interferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

7.5 Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

7.6 Confirming Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

8 Sunny Central Control Measurement Channels . . . . . . . 89

9 Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

9.1 Parameter Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

9.2 Red.effect.pow.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

9.3 Outp.react.pow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

9.4 Grid Decoupling / Voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

9.5 Grid Decoupling / Power Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

9.6 Grid Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

9.7 Mpp Limit. Val. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

9.8 Mpp Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

9.9 Start Requiremt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

9.10 Shut-down Requ.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

9.11 Grid Monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

9.12 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

10 Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

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 SMA Solar Technology AG

8 SC4-63HE-BE-BEN103280 Operating Manual

SMA Solar Technology AG 1Notes on this Manual

1 Notes on this Manual

Validity

This manual applies to the following device types with a Sunny Central Control, from firmware version 2.08:

• 400HE (SC 400HE-11) as of production version D4

• 500HE (SC 500HE-11) as of production version D4

• 630HE (SC 630HE-11) as of production version D4

Target Group

This manual is intended for skilled workers. Only qualified personnel are allowed to perform the tasks set forth in this manual (see section 2.3"Target Group Qualification",page13).

Additional Information

Additional information is available at www.SMA.de/en:

Document title Document type

Installation conditions for Sunny Central HE-11 Technical information

Medium-voltage transformers - Important requirements for the medium-voltage transformers for Sunny Centrals of the HE or CP range.

COM-B - Communication distribution box for large-scale PV plants with Sunny Central, Sunny Mini Central or Sunny Tripower

Sunny Main Box - Connecting the DC cabling for PV inverters Technical information

Technical information

Operating Manual SC4-63HE-BE-BEN103280 9

1Notes on this Manual SMA Solar Technology AG

%"/(&3

8"3/*/(

$"65*0/

/05*$&

Symbols

Symbol Explanation

Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.

Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

Indicates a situation that can result in property damage if not avoided.

Indicates information that is important for a specific topic or objective, but is not safety-relevant.

☐ Indicates a requirement for meeting a specific goal.

☑ Desired result.

✖ Undesired result. Followed by a solution on how to achieve the desired

result.

Typography

Typography Usage Example

"light" • Display messages

• Parameter

• Terminals

•Slots

bold • Elements which you should

select

• Elements which you should enter

• The inverter switches into the "Waiting" operating state.

• Set parameter "FanTest" to 1.

Nomenclature

In this manual, the Sunny Central of the HE series is referred to as Sunny Central or inverter.

10 SC4-63HE-BE-BEN103280 Operating Manual

SMA Solar Technology AG 2Safety

2Safety

2.1 Intended Use

The inverter converts DC current generated in PV modules into grid-compliant AC current. Here, the maximum permissible DC input voltage must not be exceeded.

Inverters of the HE series may only be operated in connection with a suitable transformer. Settings that affect grid management may not be switched off or changed without first obtaining

approval from the distribution grid operator.

Figure1: Principle of a grid-connected PV plant with a Sunny Central

Object Description

APV modules

B Sunny String-Monitor

C Sunny Central

D Medium-voltage transformer (e.g., Transformer Compact Station)

E Power distribution grid

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2Safety SMA Solar Technology AG

2.2 Safety Instructions

Electrical Risk

Risk of electric shock when touching conductive parts

High voltages that can cause electrical shocks are present in the inverter. Work on the inverter is only allowed if the power is disconnected and in compliance with the guidelines that apply at the installation location.

• Disconnect the following components: – Grid voltage for grid feeding – Internal power supply –DC voltage from the PV array – Additional external voltages (e.g., control signals of a control room)

• Ensure that the device cannot be reconnected.

•Ensure that no voltage is present.

• Ground and short-circuit.

• Cover or safeguard any adjacent live components.

Electric shock through capacitors not fully discharged

Hazardous voltages may still be present in the inverter even if the main AC and DC switches are switched off.

• Wait at least 10 minutes after switching off the inverter.

Electric shock caused by damage on the inverter

The operation of a damaged inverter can lead to serious or lethal injuries through electric shock.

• Operate the inverter only in technically proper and operationally safe status.

• Operate the inverter only when there is no visible damage and check regularly for visible damage.

• Ensure that all external safety features are freely accessible at all times and that they function correctly.

• Regularly check for correct functioning.

Electric shock caused by ground fault

In case of a ground fault, assume that grounded plant components are still live.

• Ensure that no voltage present before touching.

Electric shock resulting from a failure to comply with safety requirements

Failure to follow this manual and the operating or safety instructions it contains may lead to severe injury from electric shock.

• Only perform work as described in this manual. Observe all safety instructions.

12 SC4-63HE-BE-BEN103280 Operating Manual

SMA Solar Technology AG 2Safety

• Establish all electrical connections according to the circuit diagram.

• Safely store the documentation within the immediate area of the inverter. It must be accessible to service and maintenance personnel at all times.

Electrostatic discharge can damage electronic components

Electrostatic discharge can destroy components.

• During work on the inverter and handling of the components, observe the ESD protection regulations and wear protective gloves.

• Discharge electrostatic charges through contact with unvarnished, grounded enclosure parts (e.g., on the PE connection of the doors). Only then it is safe to touch any electronic components.

Burns

Some components, such as fuses, can become hot during operation.

• Wear safety gloves when working on the inverter.

Inverter Damage

Tampering with the device may result in plant damage.

• Do not operate the inverter while the door is open.

If the key remains in the door lock, the inverter can be opened by unauthorized persons.

• Remove the key from the door locks and from the key switch.

• Keep the keys in a safe place.

Penetrating moisture can damage the inverter.

• Do not open the inverter when it is raining or in case of humidity greater than 95%.

Electrostatic discharge can destroy components.

• During work on the inverter and handling of the components, observe the ESD protection regulations and wear protective gloves.

• Discharge electrostatic charges through contact with unvarnished, grounded enclosure parts (e.g., on the PE connection of the doors). Only then it is safe to touch any electronic components.

Only operate the Sunny Central in regions with a radio frequency band of 80 MHz … 1 000 MHz. Warning signs must be easily readable at all times and must be replaced in the event of damage.

2.3 Target Group Qualification

All work on the inverter may only be carried out by qualified technical personnel. Qualified means that the personnel has the relevant training for the tasks.

For commissioning and operating the inverter, the personnel must be familiar with the installation manual and the user manual. In particular, the safety notes must be observed.

Operating Manual SC4-63HE-BE-BEN103280 13

3Product Description SMA Solar Technology AG

3 Product Description

3.1 Sunny Central

Figure2: Sunny Central 630HE (example)

Position Description

A DC cabinet

B Inverter cabinet

C AC cabinet

D Sunny Central Control

E Indicator lights

FKey Switch

G Emergency stop with key

Because the Sunny Central can be controlled using a Power Reducer Box or the Sunny Central Control, it meets the requirements of the distribution grid operator.

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SMA Solar Technology AG 3Product Description

The inverter cycles through various states during operation:

Figure3: Sunny Central operating states

Operating Manual SC4-63HE-BE-BEN103280 15

3Product Description SMA Solar Technology AG

Stop

The Sunny Central is switched off. If the key switch is set to "Start", the Sunny Central changes to the "Waiting" operating state.

Waiting

The Sunny Central is in the "Waiting" operating state. If the input voltage V

is higher than the start

voltage "VpvStart", the Sunny Central waits until the time specified in the "T-Start" parameter ends. The value for "VpvStart" is shown on the Sunny Central Control's display. If the input voltage VPV does not fall below the start voltage "VpvStart" during this time, the Sunny Central checks whether the AC grid is connected. If power is available from an AC grid, the AC contactor closes and the Sunny Central switches to grid monitoring.

Grid Monitoring

The Sunny Central is in the grid monitoring "operating state". The inverter checks whether the grid limits of the medium-voltage grid are maintained during the monitoring time "GriGrdMonTm". If the grid limits are maintained during this time, the Sunny Central changes to the "Startup" operating state.

If the gri d li mit s ar e ex cee ded dur ing the mon ito rin g tim e "GriGrdMonTm", the Sun ny C ent ral swi tch es to the "Waiting" operating state.

Startup

The Sunny Central is in the "Startup" operating state. The Sunny Central moves to its initial operating point and begins the feed-in process.

MPP Load Operation

In the MPP operating state, the Sunny Central feeds power into the grid and operates permanently at the Maximum Power Point (MPP). If the measured power P

du rin g th e tim e in ter val "TStop" is smaller

than "PpvStop" or the key switch is set to "Stop", the Sunny Central switches to the "Shutdown" operating state.

Shutdown

The Sunny Central is in the "Shutdown" operating state. If the key switch is set to "Stop", the Sunny Central switches to the "Stop" operating state. In all other cases, it switches to the "Waiting" operating state.

Failure

If a failure occurs during operation, the Sunny Central switches off and the failure is shown on the display (see section 7"Troubleshooting",page75).

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3.2 Indicator Lights

If a failure occurs, the indicator lights show the current status of the inverter. The indicator lights are controlled by the Sunny Central Control.

If the yellow indicator light is on, the inverter is in "Warning" state. The inverter disconnects, but the failure must be rectified to ensure optimum operation over the long term.

If the red indicat or l igh t is on, the inv ert er is in " War nin g" state and there is a massive error. The inverter has switched off automatically. The error must be rectified and acknowledged.

3.3 Key Switch

The key switch is used to switch the Sunny Central on and off.

"Start" switch position

After turning the switch to the "Start" position, the Sunny Central changes from the "Stop" operating state to the "Waiting" operating state. If there is sufficient irradiation and a valid grid connection, the Sunny Central switches to feed-in operation. If there is insufficient irradiation and, in turn, the input voltage is too low, the Sunny Central remains in "Waiting" operating state.

"Stop" switch position

If the key swi tch is turned to "Stop" when t he Sunny Ce ntral i s in the "Waiting" operat ing state, a mot or drive automatically shuts off the main DC switch and the Sunny Central goes into the "Stop" operating state.

If the key switch is turned to "Stop" when the Sunny Central is in "MPP Load Operation" state, the Sunny Central switches to the "Shutdown" operating state. Once shutdown is complete, a motor drive automatically switches off the main DC switch and the Sunny Central goes into the "Stop" operating state.

3.4 Emergency Stop

The emergency stop button allows the user to immediately disconnect the Sunny Central from the grid and the PV array in case of emergency.

Tripping the emergency stop function

The emergency stop function may only be tripped if there is imminent danger. Pressing the emergency stop button does not quickly discharge the capacitors.

Pressing the emergency stop button opens the DC contactor, switches off the inverter bridge and disconnects the inverter from the AC grid.

Operating Manual SC4-63HE-BE-BEN103280 17

3Product Description SMA Solar Technology AG

3.5 Sunny Central Control

The Sunny Central Control is the Sunny Central's control unit. It allows users to change parameters, display operating states and to output error messages.

Figure4: The Sunny Central Control's control panel

Position Description Function

A4-line display

B ESC • Cancels/exits function/input

• Answers question with "No"

• Returns to the previous menu

• Switches from the standard view into the main menu or from the main menu into the standard view

CArrow up •Moves to line above

•Increases value

D Arrow down • Moves to line below

•Lowers value

E ENTER • Selects the function from the menu

• Selects a value

• Confirms changes

• Answers question with "Yes"

18 SC4-63HE-BE-BEN103280 Operating Manual

SMA Solar Technology AG 3Product Description

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3.6 Sunny Central Control Menu Structure

Figure5: Sunny Central Control menu structure (part 1)

Operating Manual SC4-63HE-BE-BEN103280 19

3Product Description SMA Solar Technology AG

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20 SC4-63HE-BE-BEN103280 Operating Manual

SMA Solar Technology AG 3Product Description

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Team operation displays

None of the Sunny Central's team operation displays are supported.

3.7 Overview of the Analog Inputs

In the Sunny Central, it is possible to install 2 analog sensors (ExtSollrr, ExtGlolrr) on the Sunny Central Control via a special connecting terminal plate. The Sunny Central Control also has 4 signal inputs. The external temperature sensor TempExtC is installed at the factory.

The sensors can be configured individually. The electrical connection of the sensors is described in the Sunny Central's installation manual.

Operating Manual SC4-63HE-BE-BEN103280 21

3Product Description SMA Solar Technology AG

Overview of the Analog Inputs

Input Description

ExtSolIrr External irradiation sensor

ExtGloIrr Pyranometer (measurement of global solar irradiation)

ExtAlarm External alarm input, e.g., for monitoring the functioning of the

medium-voltage transformer

ExtSolP External target value of active power

ExtSolQ External target value for reactive power

TempExtC External temperature sensor PT 100 (is factory-installed in the

Sunny Central)

3.8 Insulation Monitoring

3.8.1 How Insulation Monitoring Works

Insulation monitoring consists of equipment that ensures plant protection in electrical devices. There are different types of insulation monitoring:

• In grounded grids Insulation monitoring is performed via a residual current monitoring device. If an insulation failure occurs, the residual currents will be detected and interrupted.

• In ungrounded grids An insulation monitoring device constantly determines the insulation resistance using an active measurement procedure. If the insulation resistance falls below a ce rta in t hre sho ld, an i nsu lat ion warning will be displayed on the indicator light and Sunny Central Control. This allows measures to be taken to prevent errors, for example, personal injury caused by leakage current or plant failure. If the insulation resistance falls below a limiting value, then the plant can switch itself off. A parameter can be configured to switch off the unit when an error occurs.

3.8.2 GFDI

Depending on the order, the insulation monitoring in the Sunny Central is carried out via a ground fault detection interruption, abbreviated GFDI. This process is used to ground one pole of the PV array.

A high-performance miniature circuit-breaker with adjustable trip current with K characteristics is used as a GFDI. It is integrated in the inverter and connected between an input busbar and the protective conductor bar.

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SMA Solar Technology AG 3Product Description

SMA

Figure8: GFDI in the Sunny Central

Ground fault on ungrounded pole

If a ground fault occurs at the PV array pole that is not grounded, the residual current flows through the GFDI and back to the grounded pole, thus tripping the GFDI. This interrupts the residual current and the PV array is not grounded via the ground fault.

If the GFDI is tripped, the monitoring device switches off the inverter and the insulation error needs to be corrected.

Ground fault on grounded pole

The GFDI is bypassed when a ground fault occurs in the grounded pole of the PV array. The ground fault on the grounded pole cannot be reliably detected. If the Sunny Central is equipped with an additional insulation monitoring device, this type of error will be detected.

3.8.3 Remote GFDI

Depending on the order, the insulation monitoring in the Sunny Central is carried out via a ground fault detection interruption with a remote tripped, abbreviated "remote GFDI". This process is used to gr oun d on e po le o f the PV a rra y. R emo te G FDI a lso ena ble s au tom atic error processing. This prevents downtimes and service calls due to temporary insulation errors, such as condensation on the modules.

A high-performance miniature circuit-breaker with adjustable trip current with K characteristics is used as a remote GFDI. It is integrated in the inverter and connected between an input busbar and the protective conductor bar.

Operating Manual SC4-63HE-BE-BEN103280 23

3Product Description SMA Solar Technology AG

SMA

INFO

Figure9: Remote GFDI in the Sunny Central

If the remote GFDI is tripped, a motor will close it after a starting command. The starting command can also be given via a remote tripping. This allows the inverter to switch back to feed-in operation after the delay.

The Sunny Central's default setting allows up to 3 attempts to start the remote GFDI per day. If the remote GFDI is tripped three times in one day, the software assumes that there is a "permanent

insulation fault" and the inverter no longer goes into operation. In this case, the insulation should be checked by an electrically skilled person and repaired if necessary. The fault should then be confirmed.

3.8.4 Soft Grounding

Depending on the order, the insulation in the Sunny Central is monitored via soft grounding. This process grounds one pole of the PV array through a resistor.

Figure10: Soft grounding in the Sunny Central

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SMA Solar Technology AG 3Product Description

SMA

INFO

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Wi th s oft gro und ing , th e in sula tio n is mon ito red by m eas urin g th e vo lta ge b etw een the gro und ed p ole and PE. To do this, the software analyzes the DC voltage "VPV+ to PE" on the positive pole or "VPV‒ to PE" on the negative pole when grounded.

If the amount of voltage measured exceeds a certain threshold, the grounding of the PV array is disconnected and the residual current is interrupted. This threshold is adjustable.

If a soft grounding error occurs, the insulation should be checked by an electrically skilled person and repaired if necessary. The insulation protection must be reactivated using the reset button in the device.

3.8.5 Insulation Monitoring Device

The insulation monitoring device monitors the inverter's insulation resistance. The user can configure the monitoring to the PV modules used.

Figure11: Insulation monitoring ISO-PV-3 in the Sunny Central

Object Description

ADisplay

B Control buttons

CLEDs

A measuring circuit and a relay with a changeover contact are integrated in the insulation monitoring device.

The insulation monitoring device is connected between the PV voltage and the PE conductor. The measuring circuit closes when an insulation error occurs. If the ALARM1 value falls below a specific threshold, the measuring circuit trips a warning and LED1 turns on.

The measuring circuit generates a failure message and the inverter switches off when the ALARM2 value falls below a specific threshold. LED2 turns on.

Type of insulation monitoring device used

The insulation monitoring device used is the A-ISOMETER iso-PV device supplied by Bender GmbH and Co. KG.

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3Product Description SMA Solar Technology AG

3.9 External Grid Monitoring Relay

Depending on the order, the Sunny Central is also equipped with a separate grid monitoring relay instead of the integrated grid monitoring feature.

The external monitoring relay monitors the grid, detects breaches of the grid limits and transmits an error message to the Sunny Central. The set grid limits in the external monitoring relay always have priority over the settings in the Sunny Central Control.

Figure12: External grid monitoring relay in the Sunny Central

Position Description

A2-line display

B Control buttons

C Side input and control dial

External grid monitoring relay used

The Multi Function Relay Protection MFR 11 device from the Woodward Gavenor Company is used as an external monitoring relay.

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3.10 Grid Management

3.10.1 Requirements

In Germany, PV plants with more than 100 kWp connected power must be integrated into the feed-in and grid management. First and foremost, the distribution grid operator must be able to limit the power of the PV plant by remote control and temporarily reduce it to zero in critical cases. The relevant control commands of the distribution grid operator must therefore be transmitted to the Sunny Central quickly and reliably for implementation.

3.10.2 Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT)

The LVRT function interrupts feeding in for a maximum of 1.2 seconds and starts monitoring if the grid

fails. As soon as the grid voltage begins to rise again, the Sunny Central supports the grid by feeding in at

maximum level. In case of longer grid failures, grid monitoring comes into effect, and the Sunny Central disconnects itself from the grid.

The limiting values for monitoring the grid are specified by the electric utility company and/or state regulations.

If you wish to deactivate the LVRT option, please consult the SMA Serviceline.

3.10.3 Active Power Limitation

Five methods are available for limiting the active power regardless of power frequency. The limit can be defined using a parameter and supplied by the distribution grid operator via an external signal.

In addition to these methods, the active power can also be limited according to the power frequency.

Operating Manual SC4-63HE-BE-BEN103280 27

3Product Description SMA Solar Technology AG

3.10.4 Reactive Power Setpoint

The Sunny Central can provide reactive power. There are 10 methods available for specifying the target value.

The reactive power can be supplied as follows:

• by entering fixed parameters on the Sunny Central Control

• by external signals from the distribution grid operator

• by adjustable characteristic curves in the Sunny Central Control

3.11 Active Island Detection

The active island detection function detects the formation of island grids during a grid failure and disconnects the Sunny Central from the grid.

Island grids are created when the medium-voltage grid fails and the Sunny Central is feeding a specific power output at the same time and there is a load and on the grid with a a load of the same size. In such a stand-alone grid, the Sunny Central measures its own voltage, which is equal to the grid voltage. As a result, the grid monitoring cannot detect any faults and the Sunny Central does not disconnect from the grid.

To enable the active island function, contact the SMA Serviceline.

3.12 NET Piggy-Back

The NET Piggy-Back is an additional module for the Sunny Central Control. The NET Piggy-Back allows you to directly e-mail the operating data of your PV plant from the Sunny Central Control to any e-mail address.

Refer to the NET Piggy-Back documentation to connect the NET Piggy-Back.

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3.13 Serial Number and Device Type

The serial number (Serial No.) and device type (Type) of the Sunny Central are listed on the type label. The type label is located on the inside of the door in the DC cabinet.

Figure13: Position of the type label

In addition, the serial number (A) is located on the front side of the Sunny Central. You can view the device type on the Sunny Central Control under Device Set-up > System >

Inverter Type.

Operating Manual SC4-63HE-BE-BEN103280 29

4Sunny Central Control SMA Solar Technology AG

4 Sunny Central Control

4.1 Display Layout

The Sunny Central Control display has 4 lines.

Figure14: Display layout

Position Explanation

A Parameter and measurement channel display

The menu item in which you currently are is displayed in brackets [ ] (example fig. 14: [Device Set-up]).

B Area for the display symbols

Description of Display Symbols

The following symbols are shown on the Sunny Central Control display.

Symbol Description

This symbol indicates that there are additional menu items below.

This symbol indicates that there are additional menu items above.

This symbol indicates that there are additional menu items above and below.

This symbol indicates which menu item you have currently selected. You can switch into this menu item using the [ ↑ ] or [ ↓ ] button.

This symbol indicates that a value can be changed.

After a value is changed and confirmed with [ENTER], the arrow flashes. It

Flashes

30 SC4-63HE-BE-BEN103280 Operating Manual

fl ash es to ind ica te t hat the v alu e was cha nge d and req ues ts c onfirmation. Press [ENTER] again to confirm and apply the change. [ESC] resets the change.

The Sunny Central Control processes data.

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