Operating Instructions
Tel: 724-941-9701 Fax: 724-941-1369 e-mail: skctech@skcinc.com
863 Valley View Road, Eighty Four, PA 15330 USA
Passive Sampler for Formaldehyde
Cat. No. 500-100
Developed in collaboration with the National
Institute of Working Life in Umea, Sweden
and validated by OSHA, the SKC UME
Formaldehyde Passive Sampler collects formaldehyde in the 5 ppb to 5 ppm range.* The UME
Passive Sampler contains a tape treated with
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). Each sampler
incorporates a “blank/correction” section of tape in addition
to the sample section of tape. Analysis is by high-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC) for identifi cation of formaldehyde
that may be present in the sample. Designed for single use, the SKC
x
UME
100 Passive Sampler is packaged in an aluminized pouch for
easy sample transport to a laboratory.
x
100
x
100
* If sampling in an atmosphere containing formalin, see www.skcinc.com/instructions/1795.pdf for
fi eld study information.
Application Notes
Because of the UMEx 100 Sampler’s relatively high sampling rate and sensitive
analysis, it can be used for 15-minute (STEL) sampling in the ppm range, personal
monitoring up to 12 hours, and 24-hour to 7-day monitoring of contaminants found
in indoor environments.
www.skcinc.com
Performance Profi le
Sampling Rate 28.6 ml/min with a relative standard deviation of 7.6% at a wind
for Formaldehyde: velocity of 5 to 100 cm/sec for 15 minutes to 24 hours
20.4 ml/min wind velocities < 5 cm/sec for 1 to 7 days
Validation Range: 0.06 to 3.0 ppm
Detection Principle: Formation of stable DNPH-hydrazone in the
presence of formaldehyde*
Analysis Method: Solvent extraction and analysis by HPLC (high-performance
liquid chromatography) with UV detection
Lower Detection Limits: 15 min: 200 ppb (.24 mg/m
8 hr: 5 ppb (.006 mg/m3)
24 hr: 2 ppb (.002 mg/m3)
7 days: 0.2 ppb (.0002 mg/m3)
Shelf-life: 12 mos from date of manufacture at
freezer temperatures (≤39.2 F [4 C])
Storage: Before use: Freezer temperatures (≤39.2 F [4 C])
After use: Freezer temperatures (≤39.2 F [4 C]) and
analyze within 3 weeks
Capacity: 29 μg/sample
Accuracy: ± 25%, exceeds OSHA requirements
Temperature Effects: No effect on sampling rate between 10 and 30 C
Humidity Effects: No effect from 10 to 80% relative humidity (RH).
Do not use sampler below 10% RH.
Wind Velocity Effects:
Interferences:* • Highly specifi c for formaldehyde. Large amounts of
carbonyl compounds may reduce the uptake of formaldehyde
• Use in ozone levels less than 0.5 ppm
Dimensions: 3.4 x 1.1 x .35 in (8.6 x 2.8 x .89 cm)
Weight: 0.38 oz (10.9 gm)
Slide Cover: Green
See the Passive Sampling Guide at www.skcinc.com for
UMEx 100 sampling rates for other aldehydes.
3
)
No effect from 5 to 100 cm/sec
* If sampling in an atmosphere containing formalin, see www.skcinc.com/instructions/1795.pdf for
fi eld study information.
Sampling Instructions
Cautions: • Store at freezer temperatures (≤ 39.2 F [4 C]) before use.
• Do not store with food.
• SKC recommends using gloves when handling chemically
• Before sampling, check the expiration date on the pouch label.
• UME
• Do not use Sharpie
treated media.
Do not use a er the last day of the month indicated.
x
samplers are designed for single use only. Do NOT reuse
x
UME
samplers.
®
markers or equivalent to mark label or
pouch as these can off -gas VOCs.
1. Open the pouch and remove the sampler. Do not discard the pouch as it is used
to send the sampler to the laboratory. Store the pouch away from potential
formaldehyde sources.
Note: Included in the pouch is a small length of tape similar to the tape inside the
sampler. This tape protects the background of the sampler should any formaldehyde in
the atmosphere enter the pouch. Leave the tape inside the pouch at all times and send
along with the sample to the laboratory.
2. Enter the date and location in the space provided on the back of the sampler.
3. Enter the sample start time in the space provided on the back of the sampler.
Position the sampler on a worker’s collar for personal sampling or in an appropriate location for area sampling.
4. Slide the sampler cover to the “on” position to begin sampling.
5. A er sampling for the desired time slide the sampler cover to the “off ” position
to stop sampling. Enter the sample stop time in the space provided on the back
of the sampler.
6. Place the sampler in the original pouch immediately a er sampling.
7. Seal the pouch. Send pertinent information and the sample to an accredited
laboratory for analysis. Use expedited shipping.
Analysis Instructions
Derivative Preparation
Note: Prepared derivative standards are commercially available.
1. Add 10 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid to 2 grams of
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine while stirring.
2. The yellowish crystal mass is dissolved in 200 ml of ethanol (95%).
3. Stir for 30 minutes, then cap the fl ask.
4. Filter to remove undissolved hydrazine hydrochloride.
5. Add 0.8 ml of 37% aqueous formaldehyde to form a yellowish precipitate.
6. Filter and wash the crystals with 5 ml of cold ethanol and recrystallize twice
by adding boiling ethanol (95%).
7. Prepare standard solutions in acetonitrile.
Sample Preparation
1. Remove the sampler from the pouch and the sliding
cover from the sampler. Use forceps (cleaned with
acetonitrile) to li out the reactive tape from each
section. Place each in a sealed vial. This provides
a sample and a blank/correction.
Note: The blank/correction section of tape has an
indentation for easy identifi cation.
2. The formaldehyde 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone
is desorbed from both the sample and blank/correction tapes by placing each in its own 4-ml glass
vial containing 3.0 ml of acetonitrile and shaking
them by hand for one minute.
Sample Analysis
1. A 10-μl portion of the solution resulting from
Step 2 above is subjected to high-performance
liquid chromatographic (HPLC) determination
using an octadecylsilane column and a mobile
phase consisting of 33% water in methanol.
‡
Diffusion plate
Reactive tape
(blank/correction)
Collar clip
Reactive tape (sample)
Body
Sliding
cover
2. The formaldehyde 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone is detected with UV absorption between 230 and 370 nanometers (nm). Tunable UV detectors should
use 365 nm for optimum results. Detection limit depends on instrument
sensitivity.
3. Quantitative analysis is performed using the synthesized formaldehyde
hydrazone as an external standard and then converting results to refl ect
concentration in formaldehyde. Use the following formula:
Concentration μg/ml formaldehyde = Concentration μg/ml hydrazone x 30.03
210.21
Where molecular weight of formaldehyde is 30.03
Where molecular weight of formaldehyde 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone is 210.21
4. Formaldehyde content of the blank/correction tape must always be subtracted from the sample tape when calculating air concentrations.
5. Calculate the results by comparing the standards against the samples. Use
the following formulas to calculate:
Total mass collected (μg) = Concentration (μg/ml) x Desorption Volume (ml)
Volume of air (liters) = Time (minutes) x Sampling rate (28.6 ml/min
Concentration (mg/m
3
) = Total mass collected (mg) x 1000
1000
¥
)
Total volume sampled
PPM in air = (24.45/30.03) x mg/m
‡ Other conditions may be acceptable.
¥ When calculating results from 7-day sampling, use a sampling rate of 20.4 ml/min.
3
UMEx Passive Samplers
UMEx 100,* for formaldehyde and other aldehydes, pk/10
UMEx 200,* for sulfur dioxide and/or nitrogen dioxide, pk/10
x
UME
300,* for ammonia, pk/10
Accessory
Treated Tape, for QC purposes only, pk/50 P20084
Stand for Indoor Sampling 690-302
* Limited shelf-life; storage at freezer temperatures (≤39.2 F [4 C]) required. Do not store with food.
Designed for single use only. Do NOT reuse UMEx samplers.
References
Levin, J.O. and Lindahl, R., “Diff usive Air Sampling of Reactive Compounds - A Review,”
Analyst, Vol. 119, Jan. 1994, pp. 79-83
Levin, J., et al, “High-performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Formaldehyde
in Air in the Ppb and Ppm range Using Diff usive Sampling and Hydrazone Formation,”
Sweden Environ. Technology Le er 9, 1988, pp. 1423-1430
OSHA Method 1007 Formaldehyde (Diff usive Samplers), May 2005
Levin, J. O., Lindahl, R., and Andersson, K., “A Passive Sampler for Formaldehyde in Air
Using 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated Glass Fiber Filters,” Environmental Science and
Technology, Vol. 20, No. 12, 1986, pp. 1273-1276
Cat. No.
500-100
500-200
500-300
SKC Limited Warranty and Return Policy
SKC products are subject to the SKC Limited Warranty and Return Policy, which provides SKC’s
sole liability and the buyer’s exclusive remedy. To view the complete SKC Limited Warranty and
Return Policy, go to h p://www.skcinc.com/warranty.asp.
Form 3760 Rev 1405
Loading...