Simrad E50 Series Operator's Manual

E50xx ECDIS System
Operator Manual
ENGLISH
www.navico.com/commercial

Preface

Disclaimer

As Navico is continuously improving this product, we retain the right to make changes to the product at any time which may not be reflected in this version of the manual. Please contact your nearest distributor if you require any further assistance.
It is the owner’s sole responsibility to install and use the equipment in a manner that will not cause accidents, personal injury or property damage. The user of this product is solely responsible for observing safe boating practices.
NAVICO HOLDING AS AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES, BRANCHES AND AFFILIATES DISCLAIM ALL LIABILITY FOR ANY USE OF THIS PRODUCT IN A WAY THAT MAY CAUSE ACCIDENTS, DAMAGE OR THAT MAY VIOLATE THE LAW.
Governing Language: This statement, any instruction manuals, user guides and other information relating to the product (Documentation) may be translated to, or has been translated from, another language (Translation). In the event of any conflict between any Translation of the Documentation, the English language version of the Documentation will be the official version of the Documentation.
This manual represents the product as at the time of printing. Navico Holding AS and its subsidiaries, branches and affiliates reserve the right to make changes to specifications without notice.

Copyright

Copyright © 2016 Navico Holding AS.

Warranty

The warranty card is supplied as a separate document. In case of any queries, refer to the brand website of your display or system: www.navico.com/
commercial.

Regulatory statements

This equipment is intended for use in international waters as well as coastal sea areas administered by countries of the E.U. and E.E.A.
This system complies with:
CE under EMC directive 2014/30/EU
The requirements of level 2 devices of the Radiocommunications (Electromagnetic
Compatibility) standard 2008
The relevant Declaration of conformity is available at the following website: www.navico.com/commercial.

The Wheelmark

The Marine Equipment Directive 96/98/EC (MED), applies to all new ships, to existing ships not previously carrying such equipment, and to ships having their equipment replaced for ships flying EU or EFTA flags. This means that all system components covered by annex A1 must be type-approved accordingly and must carry the Wheelmark, which is a symbol of conformity with the Marine Equipment Directive.
This system is produced and tested in accordance with the European Marine Equipment Directive 96/98./EC
Navico has no responsibility for incorrect installation or use of the equipment, so it is essential for the person in charge of the installation to be familiar with the relevant requirements as well as with the contents of the manuals, which covers correct installation and use.
Preface | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual
3

About this manual

This manual is a reference guide for operating the E5024 and E5027 ECDIS. It assumes that all equipment is installed and configured, and that the system is ready to use.
The manual assumes that the user has basic knowledge of navigation, nautical terminology and practices.
Important text that requires special attention from the reader is emphasized as follows:
Note: Used to draw the reader’s attention to a comment or some important information.
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Warning: Used when it is necessary to warn personnel that they should
proceed carefully to prevent risk of injury and/or damage to equipment/ personnel.

Manual version

This manual is written for software version 2.0. The manual is continually updated to match new software releases. The latest available manual version can be downloaded from www.navico.com/commercial.
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Preface | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual

Contents

8 Introduction
8
The ECDIS system 8 ECDIS requirement 8 System components
10 The user interface
10 The main panel 11 Shortcut buttons 12 The Main menu 12 The Panel menu 13 The Settings dialogs 14 The Instrument bar 14 The Navigation panel 14 The Overview map 14 Layers 15 Radar overlay 15 Object information 16 On-screen keyboard
18 Basic operation
18 Start-up 18 Turning the system off 18 Using the trackball 18 Adjusting display brightness 19 Selecting the chart scale 19 Moving the chart center
20 Installing charts
20 Installing charts from the NavStick 23 Installing charts from other suppliers 24 Selecting charts to display
25 Setting up the chart panel
25 Chart settings 29 Own vessel's display settings 30 Chart symbols
31 Tools for safe navigation
31 Man Over Board 31 Setting a guard zone around the vessel 32 Showing distance lines and zone rings 33 Measuring distance and bearing 34 Navigational calculations 35 Manually calculating vessel position 36 Anchor watch
38 Other vessels on the chart panel
38 AIS targets 42 Radar targets 43 Viewing target information 44 Finding a target on the chart panel 45 Target update frequency 45 Lost target warnings
46 Route planning
46 The route menus
Contents | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual
5
47 Route settings
Creating a new route
48 48 Displaying a route 49 Modifying routes 50 Reversing a route 50 Adding an event mark 51 Displaying information about danger objects in a route 51 Copying a route 52 Exporting routes 52 Importing routes 53 Transferring routes
54 Sailing along a predefined route
54 Starting a voyage 54 Stopping the voyage 54 The Navigation panel
55 Managing the chart database
55 The Chart database 55 Displaying chart information 56 The Chart library 57 Viewing the chart update history 58 Manual chart updates 58 User chart objects 60 Manual updates and User chart objects update history
61 The Log book
62 PLECDIS systems
62 Defining main and backup ECDIS systems 63 Automatic data synchronization 64 Manual data synchronization
65 Maintenance
65 Maintenance philosophy 65 Checking the connectors 65 Verifying the display color 66 Backup and restore of system data 66 Software upgrades
68 System messages
68 The ECDIS message system 68 Alert notifications 69 Acknowledging alerts 69 Indications 69 Power failure alarm 69 External bridge alert systems 70 The Alerts list
71 Fault finding
71 Fault identification
73 Terms and abbreviations
76 Icons
76 Shortcut buttons 77 Chart panel icons 77 General interface icons
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Contents | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual
77 Main menu icons
Route icons
78 78 Chart management icons 79 Icons in Manual update menus 80 User chart objects menu icons 81 System settings icons 81 Object information icons 81 Target symbols
Contents | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual
7

Introduction

1

The ECDIS system

This is a type approved Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS), and conforms to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) requirements for vessels that are subject to SOLAS regulations.
The system displays the vessel position, speed and course in real time on the chart, based on information received from navigational sensors. The vessel’s symbol is displayed with actual heading, and speed vectors may also be indicated. Chart information critical to safe navigation defined by IMO will always appear on the display, while other chart information may be switched off.
Based on speed and course information, the system generates danger and grounding alerts, independent of mode of operation.
The system includes route planning, and routes are planned independent of the actual vessel position. The routes are checked for dangerous position of waypoints and legs as the route is planned. The routes are stored and may be recalled whenever necessary. The system has no limitations to the number of waypoints in a route.
Both hardware and software in the system are ECDIS type approved. The type approval certificates are available from the product site on www.navico.com/commercial.
The operational area of this ECDIS using ENC charts is between latitude 85° N and 85° S. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) standards the system should meet are
available at www.iho.int. This ECDIS complies with IHO S64 test data set 3.0.1.

ECDIS requirement

According to the SOLAS convention 3 key components must be fulfilled if a vessel is to satisfy the chart carriage requirements in SOLAS by electronic means:
The ECDIS must conform to the International Maritime Organization (IMO). To meet these
requirements the system must be type approved
The ECDIS system must have a back-up arrangement. This could be either a folio of paper
charts or other non-paper, back-up solution decided by the relevant maritime administration. This could e.g. be Simrad’s type approved duplex ECDIS system (PLECDIS
TM
)
The charts used on the ECDIS system must be Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs)
following the standard set by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)
Warning: An ECDIS system is allowed to be used with non-approved
charts. However, the use of the system with non-approved charts is limited to those areas where approved charts are not available. When non­approved charts are used, the ECDIS must be used together with an appropriate folio of up-to-date paper charts!
When using a non-approved chart, this will be indicated with a message.

System components

The E5000 Processor

The E5000 Processor includes two independent CPUs, each with their own inputs and outputs.
CPU1 is used for the ECDIS system. As an option, CPU2 can be used as part of an NSO MFD (Multi-function Display).
The E5000 Processor is fitted with a MicroSD card slot. Both CPU1 and CPU2 may use the SD card slot. If an SD card with charts (Navionics) is inserted into the slot, then the NSO (CPU2) will automatically use the charts.
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Introduction | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual
Two or more E5000 Processors can be connected through Ethernet to form a PLECDIS (Paperless ECDIS) system.
TM

The Monitor

The E5024 system includes an M5024 monitor, the E5027 system includes an M5027 monitor. The monitors are non-touch monitors, color calibrated and type approved for ECDIS.
A separate manual is delivered with the monitor. This manual includes installation and operational instructions.

The trackball

A wireless trackball is used as pointing device in the system. The device is a standard Logitech Wireless Trackball (M570).

The E0102 Alarm panel

The Alarm panel is the audio source for the system. The unit gives an audible and a visual alert for any faults from the system, including power
supply failure. Audible alerts are mandatory for any systems requiring Wheelmark certification.

The NavStick

A NavStick USB drive from NAVTOR is included in the system. The NavStick is used for chart updates, and acts as the bridge between the E5000 Processor and a computer with internet access.
When delivered from Navico the NavStick includes detailed world-wide charts. The detailed charts on the NavStick are copied to the E5000 Processor when zones are purchased and permit codes received from Navico.

SI80 Signal Interface unit

The optional SI80 Signal Interface unit is used for expanding the number of interface channels. This unit includes a four channel NMEA 0183 interface computer board and voltage supply for the CAN bus backbone.

LTSX50 Trackball

The optional LTSX50 is a panel mounted, water proof (IP68) trackball with scroll wheel.

The Chart database

The system is designed for using approved ENC charts in S57 or S63 formats. A word-wide overview chart is pre-installed in the system. During installation and setup of
the system the required and detailed charts must be installed. For details about chart installation procedure, refer to "Installing charts" on page 20.
Introduction | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual
9

The user interface

2

The main panel

The main panel is divided into predefined areas as shown in the figure below.
1 Cursor readout 2 Chart area 3 Alerts panel 4 Indications 5 Chart information 6 Instrument bar 7 Shortcut buttons 8 Menu button
9 Man Over Board button 10 Overview map 11 Navigation panel 12 Selected target 13 Zoom buttons 14 Panel menu 15 Target information
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The user interface | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual

Shortcut buttons

Note: Some of the shortcut buttons have a light indicator that can be green or yellow.
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Green indicates standard ECDIS mode, while yellow indicates non-ECDIS mode. One­click on a shortcut button with a yellow indicator reverts to ECDIS mode.
Menu
Click to open the main menu
Display mode
Click to return to Standard mode
Right-click to show display mode options
Follow own vessel
Click to move the chart view to the vessel position and then
follow the vessel. Vessel position in the chart depends on user settings
AIS Filter
Click to turn OFF AIS filter
Right-click to display options
Orientation
Click to loop through chart orientation options
Right-click to display options
Motion
Click to toggle vessel motion options
Right-click to display options
New route
Click to start creating a new route
Stop route
Click to stop navigating an active route
Layers
Click to turn OFF all layer options
Right-click to display options
Measure
Click to toggle measure function on/off
Palette
Click to return to Night palette when Red and Black palette is
selected
Right-click to display palette options
Brilliance
Click to return to calibrated brightness for the selected palette
Restore defaults
Resets settings to defaults set by the IEC standard.
The user interface | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual
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Man Over Board (MOB)
Click to create a MOB waypoint at the vessel's position
Right-click to remove single or all MOB waypoints

The Main menu

The Main menu is used for selecting options and for setting up the system. The menu is displayed by selecting the Menu button.
You activate a menu item and toggle on/off a checkbox by selecting it. A sub-menu is indicated with an arrow in the top left corner. Select this arrow to return to the
previous menu level. You close the menu by selecting the X button.

The Panel menu

The Panel menu gives quick access to creating routes and mariner objects, and for displaying details about chart and objects.
The Panel menu is displayed by pressing the right trackball key. The content in the Panel menu depends on whether there are objects under the cursor
when you press the right trackball key.
Default Panel menu Panel menu when right-clicking a target
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The user interface | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual

The Settings dialogs

The various Settings dialogs are used for setting up the ECDIS system. All Settings dialogs are displayed as a full screen panel.
Sub-dialogs are indicated in the top of a dialog as shown below.
You close a Settings dialog by selecting the X button.
The user interface | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual
13

The Instrument bar

The Instrument bar includes time and position read from an EPFS (Electronic Position-Fixing System) sensor, together with indicators for the system's main sensors.
Where multiple sensors exist, the information displayed is for the sensor with the highest priority that is receiving data.
Valid sensors are indicated with a blue outline. Missing sensors or sensors sending invalid or bad data have a yellow outline.

The Navigation panel

The Navigation panel is automatically activated when you start navigating a route. See information in "Sailing along a predefined route" on page 54.

The Overview map

The Overview map makes it possible to display an overview or a detailed chart independent of vessel position and chart scale in the main chart view.
In this panel the chart is always shown with north up. There is no indication in the Vessel button if the vessel is not shown on the overview map.

Layers

The system organizes chart overlay information in separate layers. You turn these layers on and off from the Layers option in the main menu.
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The user interface | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual
You can switch on and off all layers except User chart by right-clicking the Layers shortcut button.
If any other layer than User chart is turned on, the light indicator in the Layers shortcut button turns yellow.
You turn off all layers except User chart by left-clicking the Layers shortcut button.

Radar overlay

If a Simrad ARGUS radar is connected to the system, you can display radar overlay on the chart.
Note: The Radar overlay has to be turned ON to see the radar image as an overlay on the
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chart.

Object information

Information about an object is available in the Object information dialog. The dialog is displayed by moving the cursor to the object and clicking the right cursor key.
The dialog shows a list of information for the selected object/area, and cursor position when the right cursor key was pressed.
The number of objects in the Object information dialog depend on available information for the selected area.
The user interface | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual
15
You display detailed object information by selecting an object item in the dialog.
Different icons are available in the Object information dialog:
Highlights the object in the chart, and moves chart center to the selected object
Displays a txt file with additional object information in a separate window
Displays an image file related to the selected object

On-screen keyboard

A virtual keyboard is by default displayed when required for entering user information in dialogs. The keyboard is operated by selecting the virtual keys.
You remove the keyboard from the panel by selecting the X in the upper right corner.
16
You can select to disable the keyboard from the System Settings panel.
The user interface | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual
The user interface | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual
17

Basic operation

3

Start-up

The system should be left with the power ON. The system is switched on using the external power switch. When power is switched on, the operating system will be started, automatically followed by
the system program. When the system is switched on after the first-time initialization, the system will start with the
settings that were active when the system was turned off.

Turning the system off

The system is turned off by using the external power switch.
Note: Always let the system boot completely up before shutting it down.
Ú

Using the trackball

The trackball is used to position the cursor on the screen and to maneuver in menus and dialogs.
The trackball keys have the following functions:
Left key: used to click on buttons and operate menus.
Right key: used to display the Object information dialog. Refer "Object information" on page 15
The scroll wheel: used to increase/decrease the chart scale, for scrolling up/down in lists
and for editing values in text boxes
The trackball: used for moving the cursor on the screen. The trackball can also be used for
panning the chart by holding down the left key.

Adjusting display brightness

Brilliance

The display brilliance is adjusted by the plus and minus keys on the M5024 and M5027 monitors.
The monitors are color calibrated from factory, and has its individual backlight brightness setpoint in accordance with the ECDIS standard. ECDIS approved brilliance setting is indicated with a green indicator in the BRILL shortcut button. If the brilliance is changed on the monitors, the indicator changes to yellow.
Warning: Use of the Brilliance may inhibit visibility of information,
particularly when using the night pallete.
You return to ECDIS approved brilliance settings by selecting the BRILL shortcut button.
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Basic operation | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual

Display palettes

4 display palettes are available for optimum color contrast under different light conditions. The Red and Black palette is not included in the ECDIS standard. When this palette is
selected, this will be indicated with a yellow indicator on the Palette button. The display brightness is set by using the Palette button:
Right-click to display and select palette options
Left-click to return to ECDIS approved palette
Warning: Details in the chart may be less visible when one of the dark
palettes is selected. To increase the chart readability for the dark palettes, select the 2 colors option in Portrayal settings. Refer "Portrayal settings" on page 25

Selecting the chart scale

Current chart scale is shown in the Chart Info panel. The chart scale is changed by:
scrolling up/down with the scrollwheel
using the zoom buttons on the chart panel
Select the middle zoom button for selecting the best scale available for the vessel's position. For more details see "Keep best scale" on page 28.

Moving the chart center

You move the chart by:
Panning (moving the cursor while holding down the left cursor key)
Left click to center the chart on the current cursor position
Left clicking the Cursor read-out panel and then entering the selected position for the
chart center
You can also move the chart to a route or to a selected chart. See more information in "Displaying a route" on page 48 and "Chart catalogs" on page 56.
Basic operation | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual
19

Installing charts

4

Installing charts from the NavStick

The system is delivered with a pre-installed overview chart. Detailed world-wide charts are available on the NavStick USB drive included with the system.
The charts are installed and maintained by using the following services:
NavTracker - a customized web interface from NAVTOR giving the navigator and ship
management full overview of chart usage, chart update history and chart management. The customized NavTracker web interface is created and log-on details submitted to the user when the charts are purchased
NavSync - a PC program from NAVTOR used for receiving and updating the content on
the NavStick
The system allows for installing and using charts in S57 and S63 format from other chart suppliers. Refer to "Installing charts from other suppliers" on page 23.
Before the charts can be copied from the NavStick to the system the following steps must be performed:
1. Submit the User permit code to Navico
2. Verify your chart subscription from the NavTracker web site
3. Update the content of the NavStick to include chart updates and Chart permit codes
4. Copy content of the NavStick to the system
The next sections describe the required steps in detail.

Submitting the User permit code to Navico

A chart permit code has to be obtained from Navico before the charts can be installed from the NavStick. To obtain this code the system's User permit code must be submitted to Navico.
The system's User permit code is automatically generated in the E5000 computer. If the E5000 is replaced, a new User permit code has to be submitted to Navico to be able to use the charts.
Insert a card in the SD card slot or a memory stick in the USB port on the E5000, and save the User permit code from the System Information dialog. This code is sent to Navico by email at chartservice@navico.com.
Note: You can NOT save the User permit code to the NavStick.
Ú
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Installing charts | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual

Verifying or changing your chart subscription

When Navico receives the User permit from the vessel and the chart subscription is agreed, Navico creates a custom account and a customized web site in NAVTOR NavTracker. From this web site you can view and manage your subscription.
You log on to this system via a web browser (http://navtracker.navtor.com/). You can use an iPhone, iTouch or iPad app for viewing NavTracker information.
1. Log on to the NavTracker
2. Enter your email and password received from Navico when the subscription was agreed
3. Sign in to enter your customized NavTracker web site
4. Download the NavTracker User guide for detailed information about how to use the
NavTracker
Installing charts | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual
21
5. Verify that your subscription is correct, eventually request changes according to the
guidelines in the NavTracker User guide
When completed the NavTracker system updates your subscription information, and chart updates and Chart permit codes for the purchased charts are prepared. These chart updates and Chart permit codes are downloaded to the NavStick by using the NavSync program.
Note: The images from the NavTracker system are examples only.
Ú

Updating the content of the NavStick

When the chart subscription is agreed, available chart updates and Chart permit codes for the purchased charts are prepared. These files are downloaded to the NavStick by using the NAVTOR NavSync program.
1. Download and install the NavSync program from http://navsync.navtor.com/ on your PC
-
The NavSync icon are added to your desktop when the installation is completed
2. Insert the NavStick in the PC
3. Double-click on the NavSync icon to start the program
4. Follow the instructions on the screen to update the content of the NavStick with the
latest available charts
22

Copying the contents from the NavStick to the system

1. Insert the NavStick with the charts and the license code into the USB drive on the E5000
processor
2. Open the Chart management menu, and select Install charts
3. Select Find and install charts
-
The system will now automatically recognize the NavStick and list the content
4. Select the charts you want to install
Selected charts and license codes are now copied to the NAVSTICK-NAVTOR geodatabase.
Installing charts | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual

Installing charts from other suppliers

The chart suppliers have different procedures for submitting Chart permit codes and charts. For chart suppliers other than NAVTOR it is required to install Chart permits before charts can be copied to the system. Refer to the supplier documentation for details.
Note: A DVD drive is NOT included in the system type approval.
Ú
Note: Charts from vendors that use CD/DVD for distribution have to be copied to a USB
Ú
memory stick. The whole content of the CD/DVD has to be copied to the USB memory stick before applying it to the E5000.
Chart permits are copied to the system by using the Install permits menu option.
When Chart permits are installed, the charts have to be copied from an USB or SD drive to the system by using the Find and install charts menu option.
Installing charts | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual
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Selecting charts to display

All chart databases installed in the system are listed in the Chart library.
Select the Display option for the chart databases you want to use. If you have more than one database available, you can select to show multiple charts. The
system will however only display one chart at the time, and it will automatically select the best chart available based on your vessel's position .
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Installing charts | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual

Setting up the chart panel

5

Chart settings

The chart settings are divided in 3 logical groups as described in the following sections.

Portrayal settings

Setting up the chart panel | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual
25
Depth display settings
Various settings are available to visualize the depths and depth area:
Shallow contour: Limit for shallow waters. Depth less than Shallow contour will be
displayed in dark blue color.
Safety contour: Contour related to own vessel. To be used by the system to distinguish
between safe and unsafe water. Depths between Safety contour and Shallow contour settings are displayed in medium blue color.
Deep contour: Limit for deep waters. Depths between Deep contour settings and Safety
contour setting are displayed in light blue color.
Safety depth: The ship's draft plus under keel clearance. Sounding are displayed in black
if they are equal to or more shallow than the safety depth settings. Soundings are displayed in grey if they are deeper that the set value.
Color mode: Number of colors used to indicate depth:
-
2 color mode: unsafe water (from the 0 meter contour to the safety depth) and safe water (from the safety depth and deeper)
- 4 color mode: very shallow area (from the 0 meter contour to the shallow contour), medium shallow area (from the shallow contour to the safety contour), medium deep area (from the safety contour to the deep contour), and very deep area (from the deep contour and deeper)
Portrayal style: You can select to display the chart symbols in the S52 portrayal style or in
the INT1 portrayal style. The S52 portrayal style displays the chart symbols according to the ECDIS standard, while the INT1 style displays the chart symbols and color as required in the Symbols and Abbreviations Used on Admiralty Charts publication.
Chart symbol size: Option for selecting size of chart symbols
Symbolized boundaries: Displays boundaries lines as symbols rather than as plain lines
Paper chart symbols: Displays navigation aids as paper chart symbols rather than as
simplified symbols. This option is available only for the S52 portrayal style.
Danger symbol: Displays dangerous object with a danger symbol
Scale min: Reduce the scale-dependent objects (objects with the attribute SCAMIN) scale
at which they are drawn. At display scales smaller than SCAMIN the object is not drawn. For example, an object with a SCAMIN value of 50,000, indicating a scale of 1/50,000, is not drawn on a display of 1/60,000.
Shallow pattern: Fills the shallow area from the coast line to the safety contour with a
parallel pattern.
26
2 color mode 4 color mode Shallow pattern
Full light lines: Displays light sector legs in real length rather than as short lines
Leg activation scale: Set the scale to turn on the light sector feature. Additional options
appear:
Set the distance from the vessel to the navigation light (Light distance) and distance
­from the vessel to the sector leg (Distance from leg) to determine when the sector light is shown on the chart.
- Enable light character: Displays a blinking light character
Setting up the chart panel | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual

Chart objects

The system has 4 display modes. Base, Standard and Full mode have predefined standard objects that are displayed. In addition these modes includes optional objects that manually can be turned on. For the Custom mode all chart objects can be manually selected.
You select display mode by right clicking the Mode shortcut button, and you use the Chart objects settings dialog to set up which optional chart object that should be displayed with each mode.
Note: The Standard mode is the default ECDIS mode. If another mode is selected this is
Ú
indicated with a yellow indicator in the Mode shortcut button. You return to Standard mode by selecting the Mode shortcut button.
Chart viewing date
Some objects on the chart can be date dependent. Change the chart viewing date in the Chart objects settings dialog to see if new items appear, existing items have moved or are removed from the chart on a particular date or date range.
Setting up the chart panel | E50xx ECDIS Operator Manual
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