Simrad CR44, CR54 User Manual
M A N U A L
Simrad CR44/54
ChartRadar
183-3406-102 English 03101.10
Note!
Insert or remove C-MAP cartridges ONLY through SETUP menu or when
unit is off. All electronic navigation equipment is subject to external factors
beyond the control of the manufacturer. Therefore such equipment must be
regarded as an aid to navigation. The prudent navigator will, for that reason,
never rely on a single source for position fixing and navigation.
MOB ‘MAN OVERBOARD’ function
MOB
In case someone falls overboard, press the [MOB] key and hold for 2
seconds (or activate an external MOB switch - hold for 5 seconds).
CLR
Press [CLR] to confirm and reset the alarm if activated by mistake.
Before pressing [ENT] to start MOB navigation:
• Reduce speed.
• Turn off Autopilot.
ENT
Press [ENT] to start MOB navigation with all relevant data available
for an efficient rescue operation and a precise track record of the
vesels movements.
Window
1
Window
2
Screen layout default after activating MOB.
Window
3
Window 1: Data display will provide information of: Course, Bear-
ing and Distance to MOB position, time elapsed since the incident
occured - first in seconds and then in minutes - if “*” is shown
instead of numbers of minutes, means that the elapsed time has
exceeded 9999 minutes. The two lines after the TIME shows the
MOB position in Lat/Long.
Window 2: The chart display will provide a graphical impression of
a man
floating in the water at the MOB position together with a
course line from actual position to the incident.
Window 3: Data display will provide information of: Date, time and
position of MOB incident.
To turn MOB navigation off:
Press [GOTO], [3].
To recall the last registered MOB position, see section 8.8.
CR44/54 ChartRadar Table of contents
MOB ‘MAN OVERBOARD’ function............................. back of front cover
Chapter 1 Introduction and safety summary
1.1 Introduction and system familiarization ...................................... 1-1
1.2 Safety summary ........................................................................... 1-2
1.3 How to get started ........................................................................ 1-3
1.3.1 Dedicated function keys............................................................... 1-3
1.3.2 Radar and radar functions ............................................................ 1-5
1.3.3 Chart and chart functions............................................................. 1-6
Chapter 2 Fundamentals and initial start-up
2.1 Fundamentals of the display and page system ............................. 2-1
2.1.1 Example of how to exchange a page in the PAGE system ........... 2-2
2.1.2 Example of how to select a new display in a split screen............. 2-2
2.2 Key functions ............................................................................... 2-3
2.3 Menu bar....................................................................................... 2-5
2.4 Menu layout.................................................................................. 2-6
2.5 Choice of symbols ........................................................................ 2-7
2.6 Naming of routes, points etc......................................................... 2-7
2.7 Initial start-up............................................................................... 2-7
2.8 Turn power off.............................................................................. 2-8
Chapter 3 Radar menu
3. Radar operation ............................................................................ 3-1
3.1 Radar map .................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1 Map orientation ............................................................................ 3-2
3.1.2 Environment effects ..................................................................... 3-2
3.1.3 Effects of ship’s movement........................................................... 3-3
3.1.4 Navigational echoes......................................................................3-4
3.1.5 Racon (Radar Beacon) ................................................................. 3-4
3.1.6 Sea return ..................................................................................... 3-5
3.1.7 Storm and rain squall returns....................................................... 3-5
3.1.8 Blind sectors or shadow effect ..................................................... 3-5
3.1.9 Side lobes......................................................................................3-6
3.1.10 Radar interference ........................................................................3-6
3.1.11 False echoes.................................................................................. 3-7
3.2 Radar menu .................................................................................. 3-8
3.2.1 Shortcut to the pages in the radar-series ...................................... 3-9
3.2.2 Initial radar display setup............................................................. 3-9
3.2.3 Start transmission....................................................................... 3-13
3.2.4
Shut down procedure for the radar function, or back to ‘Standby’.. 3-14
3.2.5 Standard radar display......................................................................3-15
3.2.6 Radar quick menu.............................................................................3-20
Table of contents CR44/54 ChartRadar
3.2.7 Dual radar display ............................................................................3-21
3.2.8 Radar & Chart display......................................................................3-23
3.2.9 General features for the radar operation ..........................................3-24
3.3 Demo mode.......................................................................................3-26
Chapter 4 Chart menu and INFO windows
4. Chart menu ................................................................................... 4-1
4.1 Shortcut to the pages in the chart-series ...................................... 4-1
4.1.1 Data field on chart........................................................................ 4-2
4.1.2 Ship symbol.................................................................................. 4-3
4.1.3 Cursor function ............................................................................ 4-3
4.1.4 Range or zoom function ............................................................... 4-4
4.2 Dual Chart display........................................................................ 4-5
4.3 Chart split screens ........................................................................4-6
4.4 Chart quick menu ......................................................................... 4-7
4.4.1 Cursor inactive ............................................................................. 4-7
4.4.2 Cursor active but not placed on any object or data ......................4-8
4.4.3 Cursor placed on waypoint........................................................... 4-9
4.4.4 Cursor placed on route leg or line section.................................. 4-10
4.4.5 Cursor placed on routepoint or linepoint ....................................4-11
4.4.6 Cursor placed on trackpoint ....................................................... 4-12
4.4.7 Cursor placed on target .............................................................. 4-13
4.4.8 GOTO menu............................................................................... 4-14
4.4.9 PLOT menu ................................................................................ 4-15
4.5 Chart setup ................................................................................. 4-17
4.5.1 Display modes in the chart setup ............................................... 4-18
4.5.2 Description of chart features...................................................... 4-20
Chapter 5 Echo menu
5. Echo menu.................................................................................... 5-1
5.1 Depth & temperature diagram ..................................................... 5-1
5.2 Custom screen .............................................................................. 5-3
Chapter 6 Pilot menu & navigation examples
6. Pilot menu..................................................................................... 6-1
6.1 Shortcut to the pages in the pilot-series ....................................... 6-1
6.2 Highway display and Navigation setup ........................................ 6-3
6.2.1 Highway display when navigation mode is active........................ 6-5
6.3 Position display............................................................................. 6-6
6.4 Dual speed display (trawling speed display) ................................6-9
6.5 ETA & AVN ............................................................................... 6-10
6.6 Trim & Highway display ............................................................ 6-11
6.7 Set & Drift display ..................................................................... 6-12
6.8 Pilot split screens........................................................................ 6-13
CR44/54 ChartRadar Table of contents
6.9 Navigation examples .................................................................. 6-14
6.9.1 Cursor navigation ....................................................................... 6-14
6.9.2 Waypoint navigation................................................................... 6-15
6.9.3 Route navigation......................................................................... 6-16
6.9.4 Track navigation ......................................................................... 6-17
6.10 Anchor guard.............................................................................. 6-19
6.11 MOB alarm and navigation ........................................................ 6-19
Chapter 7 Miscellaneous menu
7. Miscellaneous menu..................................................................... 7-1
7.1 Wind display................................................................................. 7-1
7.2 Speed diagram.............................................................................. 7-3
7.3 Decca lanes................................................................................... 7-5
7.4 Loran C......................................................................................... 7-6
7.5 Satellite status............................................................................... 7-7
7.6 DGPS information........................................................................ 7-9
7.7 SDGPS information.....................................................................7-11
7.7.1 Satellites in SDGPS system.........................................................7-13
7.8 DSC alarm (feature prepared for future DSC VHF)...................7-14
Chapter 8 Waypoint / route menu
8. Waypoint / route menu ................................................................. 8-1
8.1 Waypoints stored in the memory ................................................. 8-1
8.1.1 Delete waypoints via menu .......................................................... 8-2
8.2 Routes stored in the memory........................................................ 8-3
8.2.1 Delete route via menu...................................................................8-6
8.2.2 Make new route from WP list ......................................................8-6
8.3 Route calculation ..........................................................................8-8
8.4 Lines stored in the memory.......................................................... 8-9
8.4.1 Delete lines via menu ................................................................. 8-10
8.5 Start / stop track ..........................................................................8-11
8.6 Tracks stored in the memory...................................................... 8-12
8.6.1 Delete tracks via menu ............................................................... 8-13
8.7 Targets stored in the memory ......................................................8-14
8.7.1 Delete target via menu................................................................ 8-15
8.8 MOB data ................................................................................... 8-15
8.9 Data transfer via DataCard or disc..............................................8-16
8.9.1 List of criteria for data transfer in the Action column ............... 8-19
8.10 Data transfer via PC interface .................................................... 8-20
Chapter 9 Setup menu
9. Setup menu................................................................................... 9-1
9.1 C-MAP cartridges ........................................................................ 9-1
9.2 Pilot / Position setup..................................................................... 9-3
Table of contents CR44/54 ChartRadar
9.3 Speed alarm, units & language ....................................................9-4
9.4 Interface setup, NMEA ................................................................ 9-6
9.4.1 Default sentences.......................................................................... 9-7
9.4.2 Description of sentences...............................................................9-8
9.5 Interface setup, alarm/log output ............................................... 9-10
9.6 Palette setup.................................................................................9-11
9.7 Factory settings .......................................................................... 9-12
9.8 QuickGuide .................................................................................9-14
Chapter 10 Troubleshooting, Maintenance and Service
10.1 Troubleshooting .......................................................................... 10-1
10.2 Preventive maintenance.............................................................. 10-2
10.3 Repair and service...................................................................... 10-2
10.4 Specifications ............................................................................. 10-3
Appendix A Glossary of terms ...................................................................A-1
Appendix B List of datum ..........................................................................B-1
Appendix C C-MAP attributes...................................................................C-1
Index
Declarations of conformity
International warranty
List of Simrad distributors
CR44/54 Introduction and safety summary Chapter 1-1
1.1 Introduction and system familiarization
Congratulations on your purchase of SIMRAD CR44/54 ChartRadar - a
combination of the latest GPS and SDGPS receiver technology and optional
built-in differential receiver for accurate positioning, plus: detailed cartography and high performance radar technology; all in a unique slim-line design
with a bright 10” ATFT/TFT (CR44) or 15” TFT (CR54) color display.
The radar system with dual EBL and VRM markers, direct Quick-range keys,
off-center mode, etc. together with Dual Radar feature ... two radar displays in
one screen, one for short range and one for long distance observations.
The electronic chart system includes a built-in world chart for rough planning and overview. The choice of chart system best suitable for the CR44/54
was carefully singled out to be the C-MAP NT+ mini cards. The optional CMAP charts are available world-wide at your local Simrad dealer.
The Global Positioning System is at this time and age the most common
system used for navigation and positioning all over the world. Not only for
maritime use, but also for land-based applications and aviation. The satellitebased system has been developed and is operated by the US Department of
Defense in order to provide an accurate and reliable service, which include a
24-hour global coverage.
The GPS system consists of approx. 24 satellites which orbit around the Earth
at an altitude of approx. 20,200 km.
The satellites transmit perfectly synchronized data. However, depending on
the position, the signals will reach the receiver at a slightly different time. By
adding the measured time difference to the known position of the satellites it
is possible to calculate the ship’s position to within a few meters.
DS44/54 Dual Station for the CR44/54 is available with a bright 10” ATFT/
TFT or 15” TFT color display. The main unit and the dual station are identical
in design and operation.
How to use this manual? This manual is written for the products: CR44 and
CR54, which share the same type of software. From hereon, these models will
be referred to as: CRXX.
It is a good idea if you make yourself familiar with the key functions, menu
structure and rotation of pages (screens) described in chapter 2 before you
start out, and then proceed with section 2.7 Initial start-up. For quick location
of a certain term, please check the “Glossary of terms” and the “Index” at the
back of the manual. Also, “How to get started” further on in this chapter will
give you a quick introduction to some of the features you have access to in
your new ChartRadar.
Chapter 1-2 CR44/54 Introduction and safety summary
The display examples shown in this manual are not always an exact copy of
what you will see on the screen, as the presentation depends on your system
configuration and choices of setup.
How to interpret special marked key symbols etc. in the manual:
+/-
Either the + (plus) or - (minus) key may be applied.
0-9
Alpha-numeric keys for insertion of figures.
A-Z
Alpha-numeric keys for insertion of letters.
Emphasizes important points.
1,3
Indicates that you should press the keys [1] and [3] to obtain what is
written in italic next to the key.
1.2 Safety summary
Precaution: Do not open the equipment, only qualified persons should work
inside the equipment. If the glass in the screen breaks, be carefull not to get
cut on the sharp edges of the glass pieces.
The lifetime of the internal battery is minimum 5 years. If not exchanged
before it goes flat, all data in the unit’s memory will be lost. We strongly
recommend that you frequently store your data on a Simrad DataCard. For
exchange of battery, call your local Simrad workshop.
Power source, fuse and power cable: Check that the DC power supplied to
the unit is within the range of 10 to 32 volts. Note that the appropriate fuse
must be employed (see the fuse rating in section 10.4 Specifications). Ensure
that the power cord is firmly attached.
Grounding: To reduce electrical interference and risk of electrical shock,
properly ground the unit to the ship’s ground using the ground screw at the
rear of the unit. Good grounding should also be exercised for connected equipment, refer to separate Installation manual.
Cleaning:
Do not use any kind of strong solvents e.g. spirit, alcohol, gasoline or oils.
CR44/54 Introduction and safety summary Chapter 1-3
1.3 How to get started
PWR
Press and hold the [PWR] key until you have a picture on the screen
PAGE
Press [PAGE] to scroll through a quick guide which informs of the
use of the keys and where you can enter owner’s setup
- the quick guide is also accessible via [MENU], [7], [6].
ENT
Press [ENT] when ready to assume normal operation
Your present position will automatically be updated within a few minutes. When
ready, the ship symbol on the chart will flash, the position coordinates will stop
flashing, and the *** will be replaced by actual course and speed figures.
1.3.1 Dedicated function keys
RADAR
Long press will toggle between:
Radar in full screen Dual Radar Radar & Chart Custom screen
CHART
Short press will toggle between:
Chart + data field placed either at the right side or at the top.
CHART
Long press will toggle between:
Chart in full screen Dual Chart Custom screen1 Custom screen2
Chapter 1-4 CR44/54 Introduction and safety summary
ECHO
Long press will toggle between:
Depth & temp. diagram Custom screen
PILOT
Short press will toggle between:
Highway Position Dual Speed Set & Drift
When navigation mode is active,
these two displays will be included:
ETA & AVN Trim & Highway
PILOT
Long press will toggle between:
Highway Custom screen1 Custom screen2
PAGE
Single press will toggle between active pages under the main function keys. Long press will start a rotation of the 4 pages (section 2.1).
CR44/54 Introduction and safety summary Chapter 1-5
1.3.2 Radar and radar functions
RADAR
Press the [RADAR] key to call up the radar display in full screen.
Press again to toggle between the radar shortcut series
- see chart examples in section 1.3.1.
To start the radar
1. Press [ENT], [RADAR] to initiate a warming up period of two minutes
(countdown of 120 seconds), and then the radar will go in Standby mode.
2. Press [ENT], [GOTO] to start transmission.
Select and adjust radar range
Press one of the numeric keys 1 - 9 to select a fixed range. Key 9 will select
the largest range and key 1 the smallest. Use the +/- keys to adjust range in
smaller steps.
ENT
Press [ENT] to call up the Radar quick menu with access to e.g.
Show active navigation point on radar screen, activate EBL/VRM
cursors, etc.
EBL
The EBL1/VRM1 cursors can also be toggles on/off directly from
the [EBL] key.
CLR
Turn off cursor. Long press on [CLR] will turn off all active cursors.
ADJ
The [ADJ] key will open for adjustments of the radar parameters.
Use the cursor or the [ADJ] key to move around in the control panel;
toggle between available values with the +/- keys or enter new values
with the numeric keys. Press [ENT] to exit control panel.
In the Dual Radar display: after pressing the [ADJ] key to access the
the control panel for making adjustments, only half of the parameters
will be visible. By pressing [ADJ] again will toggle between the 1st
and 2nd half of the control panel.
Chapter 1-6 CR44/54 Introduction and safety summary
1.3.3 Chart and chart functions
CHART
Press the [CHART] key to call up the chart display in full screen.
Press again to toggle between the chart shortcut series
- see chart examples in section 1.3.1.
C-MAP cartridges (standby)
Press [MENU], [7], [CHART] whenever inserting or removing a C-MAP card.
Select and adjust chart range/scale
Press one of the numeric keys 1 - 9 to select a fixed range (and chart level).
Key 9 will select the largest range and key 1 the smallest. Use the +/- keys to
adjust range in smaller steps.
Chart cursor and info windows
Press the cursor key to activate the cross hair cursor on the chart. Place the
cursor on a C-MAP object e.g. a buoy or light to call up a small data window
with details on the object. The data window will stay on screen for about 10
seconds or till cursor is moved. Press [ENT], [2] to access further details on
C-MAP objects or user data i.e. waypoints, routes, etc.
Press [ENT], [5] to lock cursors in Dual Chart screen and [ENT], [5] to
release cursors again. Press [CLR] to switch off cursor function. The ship
symbol will now automatically ‘home’ and stay on screen.
Find nearest tide station and port services
1. Press [ENT], [3]
2. Move cursor up/down to select e.g. the Port/Marina symbol
3. Locate alternative port with the +/- keys, and press [ENT]
4. Press [ENT], [2] for more details on the facilities at the selected port.
Navigate to cursor (point and go)
1. Move the cursor to where you wish to go (first point)
2. Press [GOTO]
3. Press [1] to start navigation.
You can now move the cursor to the next point and when ready to change leg,
just press [GOTO], [2].
How to plot or insert waypoints and marks
• With cursor OFF (press [CLR])
Press [PLOT] and choose from:
[PLOT] Plot ship’s position as mark.
[1] Insert ship’s position. You can change the lat/lon figures, the symbol
and the symbol’s size and color.
CR44/54 Introduction and safety summary Chapter 1-7
[3] Insert specific waypoint. Suggested name, symbol, etc. can be altered.
[6] Plot ship’s position as target.
• With cursor activated on the chart you also have access to:
[2] Plot waypoint - cursor position.
[6] Plot cursor position as target.
How to make a route on the chart
1. Place the cursor on the position for the first routepoint.
2. Press [PLOT], [4]: Make route.
3. Move cursor to next destination and press [PLOT] - (repeat).
4. Press [ENT] when ready to save the route. You can enter a new name for the
route, change type and color for the course line.
5. Press [ENT] to accept and save the route.
How to make a route from existing waypoints stored in the WP list
1. Press [MENU], [6], [2] to call up the route list.
2. Press [CLR] Make new route from WP list.
3. Move cursor up/down to select the WP position for the first routepoint, and
press [PLOT].
4. Repeat point 3 to add new WP positions to the route (the last routepoint in
the right column is always empty, allowing that a new final routepoint can
be added later on).
5. When the route is completed, press [ENT] to accept and go to Edit route.
6. In the Edit route display, you can give the route a new name, change type
and color for the course line, etc.
7. Press [ENT] to accept changes and save the route.
8. Press [MENU] to go to the route list, which will provide an overall view of
the total of routes stored in the CRXX.
How to edit a route - rubberbanding
• To move a point on the chart:
1. Place cursor on the point you wish to move.
2. Press [ENT], [1], [2].
3. Move cursor to new location.
4. Press [ENT] to complete.
• To insert a new point on the chart:
1. Place cursor on the leg where the new point is to be inserted.
2. Press [ENT], [1], [2].
3. Move cursor to where the new routepoint is to be placed.
4. Press [ENT] to complete.
Chapter 1-8 CR44/54 Introduction and safety summary
How to start waypoint navigation (two ways)
• Place cursor on the symbol of the WP you wish to go to:
1. Press [GOTO], [2].
2. Press [ENT] to start navigation.
• Without placing cursor on the symbol of the WP you wish to go to:
1. Press [GOTO], [2].
2. Use the +/- keys to select the WP you wish to go to.
3. Press [ENT] to start navigation.
How to start route navigation (two ways)
• Place cursor on the routepoint you wish to go to first:
1. Press [GOTO], [3].
2. Select direction in route: Forward or Reverse.
3. Press [ENT] to start navigation.
• Without placing cursor on the routepoint you wish to go to first:
1. Press [GOTO], [3].
2. Use the +/- keys to select the name of the route.
3. Use the cursor to go to routepoint number, and select which one you wish to
go to first by means of the +/- keys.
4. Select direction in route: Forward or Reverse.
5. Press [ENT] to start navigation.
Advance or stop navigation
• Press [GOTO], [1] to advance to next point in the route.
• Press [GOTO], [3] to stop navigation.
Start and stop track
1. Press [PLOT], [7] to call up ‘Start track’ window.
2. Before tracking is started, you can give the track a new name, make
changes to track interval, track line type and color.
3. Press [ENT] to start track.
4. When you wish to stop tracking, press [PLOT], [8], [ENT].
Chart with
data field
Depth & temp-
erature diagram
Radar display Highway display
CR44/54 Fundamentals & initial start-up Chapter 2-1
2.1 Fundamentals of the display and page system
The CR44/54 ChartRadar has a multi-function screen and data presentation system with full screen and different types of split screens.
The series of pages under the function keys (situated in the left
column of the keypad) will in most situations be sufficient information for the operator.
In split screens consisting of up to four displays, the active display
is indicated by a solid red frame. Use the [WIN] key to clockwise
toggle between which display on the screen is active. Only active
displays are operable.
The [PAGE] key differs from the other function keys. There are four
pages under the [PAGE] key which can be set up to the presentation
you prefer by exchanging an existing display in the PAGE system
with a new one selected from a function key or via the menu - see
next page. Single press on the [PAGE] key will toggle between the
active pages under the function keys e.g.:
Chapter 2-2 CR44/54 Fundamentals & initial start-up
Long press on the [PAGE] key will start
a rotation of the four pages in intervals of
5 seconds (increase/decrease the time in
[MENU], [7], [1]). Press any key to stop
rotation.
2.1.1 Example of how to exchange a page in the PAGE system
The four pages in the PAGE system are collected from the RADAR,
CHART, ECHO and PILOT menus in the sequence of which the
function keys appear on the keypad ie. the first page is from the
RADAR function, the second page is from the CHART function, the
third page is from the ECHO function, and the fourth page is from
the PILOT function. This sequence can not be changed, only the
choice of display collected from each function can be changed e.g.:
PAGE
Press the [PAGE] key until the full screen Chart display appears
MENU
Call up the menu bar, and...
2
collect the Dual Chart display
- or you can toggle between the available displays in the CHART
function by pressing (long press) the [CHART] key repeatedly.
The same applies for the other three pages in the PAGE system ie.
press the [PAGE] key until a display from the RADAR, ECHO or
PILOT function appears and then collect a new display from the
appropriate menu.
The display sequence under the function keys is the same as the
display sequence in the matching menu.
2.1.2 Example of how to select a new display in a custom screen
In custom screens with multiple window combinations, all displays, which are not main function displays, are exchangeable. It is
also possible to change the right half of the screen from half screen
window to two quarter windows and vice versa. Example:
MENU
Call up the menu bar, and...
CR44/54 Fundamentals & initial start-up Chapter 2-3
Highlight a function e.g. Route calculation in the WP/RTE menu.
WIN
Press [WIN] several times to check the screen image (situated to the
far right in the top line of the menu bar) which windows the function
can be placed into
ENT
Press [ENT] to enter the highlighted function into the highlighted
window
If the function text in the menu is red, the display will not be avail-
able for the selected window.
2.2 Key functions
Some of the key functions are general and can be applied at any
time, other key functions are related to a certain menu(s) and can
only be applied when in the appropriate menu.
MOB
Press for two seconds to activate the MOB - “Man overboard” function.
MENU
Turns the menu bar on/off. Exits any data display without taking any
action (except the radar function).
ENT
Confirms insertion and editing of data (except the radar function).
Calls up quick menus, and information on marks, waypoints, etc. on
chart together with several INFO windows from a chart display.
Moves cursor in data displays and charts + activates cursor on chart
and radar. Moves left/right/up/down in the menu system.
+/-
Changes radar or chart range i.e. + (plus) zooms out for better
overview (larger range) and - (minus) zooms in for greater details
(smaller range). Toggles between available values.
GOTO
Activates GOTO menu with choice of navigation modes, etc.
PLOT
Activates PLOT menu with choice of plotting and inserting way-
points, routes, lines etc. together with starting or stopping a track of
own ship.
Chapter 2-4 CR44/54 Fundamentals & initial start-up
RADAR
Shortcut to Radar functions. Long press will toggle between Radar
display in full screen, Dual Radar, Radar & Chart, and a custom
screen.
CHART
Shortcut to Chart function. Single press will toggle between differ-
ent data fields on chart. Long press will toggle between Chart in full
screen, Dual Chart, and two custom screens.
ECHO
Shortcut to Depth & temperature diagram, and a custom screen.
PILOT
Shortcut to Pilot displays. With navigation mode inactive: single
press will toggle between Highway, Position, Dual Speed and Set &
Drift displays. With navigation mode active: single press will toggle
between Highway, Position, Dual Speed, ETA & AVN, Trim &
Highway, and Set & Drift displays. Long press will toggle between
Pilot full screen and two custom screens.
PAGE
Toggles between active pages under the four main function keys
i.e. [RADAR], [CHART], [ECHO] and [PILOT]. Long press starts
automatic rotation of these pages. Press any key to stop rotation.
ADJ
Gives access to setup displays related to active display. Scrolls
through adjustable parameters.
EBL
Toggles EBL1/VRM1 cursors on/off.
WIN
Toggles between active windows in split screen. The active window
will have a solid red frame. Only active windows are operable.
0-9
The alphanumeric keys inserts and selects data in data displays.
Keys 1-9 are also Quick-range keys, which each represent a fixed
radar or chart range. Key 0 will center the cursor/ship on the chart,
and activate/deactivate ‘off-center to cursor’ on the radar display.
CLR
Turns cursor off in active display. Deletes data in enter or edit mode.
Long press will turn off all active cursors on radar display.
From radar control menu: Returns Tune, Gain or Sea to AUTOmatic
mode, and clears the EBL and VRM readings.
PWR
Power on - hold key depressed till you have a picture on the screen.
Calls up a window where you can adjust the brightness in the screen,
background light in keypad, and select Daylight displays, Night display
or custom made color palettes. Hold two seconds to turn the power off.
CR44/54 Fundamentals & initial start-up Chapter 2-5
2.3 Menu bar
MENU
Toggle s the menu bar on/off
To fit the complete menu bar across the screen, some of the menus
have been abbreviated. However, the last selected menu will be highlighted, and if it’s an abbreviation of the menu, then the complete
menu title is written above the menu bar.
MISCELLANEOUS
1
RADAR2CHART
3
ECHO
4
PILOT
5
MISC
6
WP/RTE
7
SETUP
1
Wind
2
Speed diagram, etc.
Having selected e.g. 5:MISC from the menu bar, its associated menus will
drop down. Key in the number next to the function you wish to call forward,
or use the cursor key to highlight the function and press [ENT].
If you want to switch to a different menu, use the cursor key left/right to move
to the adjacent menu.
Most functions in the menus are general, and can be called forward at any
time. Functions not currently available will have a different color from the rest
of the functions. Not all functions are available in any window size i.e. full
screen, half screen or quarter window. Use the [WIN] key to toggle between
the windows in which the highlighted function can be presented. Keep an eye
on the functions in the menu to see how they may change color as you toggle
from window to window.
The menu bar will disappear from the screen at the selection of a function, or
by pressing the [MENU] key. Besides, if not used, it automatically turns off
after 30 seconds.
WIN
Chapter 2-6 CR44/54 Fundamentals & initial start-up
2.4 Menu layout
1
RADAR
2
CHART
3
ECHO
1
Radar
1
Chart
1
Depth & Temp. diagram
2
Dual Radar
2
Dual Chart
2
Custom screen
3
Radar & Chart
3
Custom screen 1
4
Custom screen
4
Custom screen 2
4
PILOT
5
MISC
6
WP/RTE
1
Highway
1
Wind
1
Way points
2
Position
2
Speed diagram
2
Routes
3
Dual Speed
3
Decca lanes
3
Route calculation
4
ETA & AVN
4
Loran C
4
Lines
5
Trim & Highway
5
Satellites
5
Tracks
6
Set & Drift
6
DGPS
6
Targets
7
Custom screen 1
7
SDGPS
7
MOB data
8
Custom screen 2
8
DSC info
8
Data transfer
7
SETUP
When selecting a submenu in the SETUP
menu, the display will
always appear in a
pop-up window, so once
you have accepted the
changes or decided to
just exit the display, then
the display will disappear
from the screen.
RADAR
Radar setup
2
NMEA interface
CHART
C-MAP cartridge
3
Alarm/log output
PILOT
Pilot/Position setup
4
Palette setup
1
Speed alarm, units &
5
Factory settings
language
6
QuickGuide
CR44/54 Fundamentals & initial start-up Chapter 2-7
2.5 Choice of symbols
Waypoints and other points appearing on the screen can be marked by one of
18 symbols + 8 event marks in small or large symbols:
2.6 Naming of routes, points etc.
First select the key with the desired letter, then you can either repeat the
keystrokes, which will toggle between e.g. A,B,C,1, or once you have selected
one letter you can go back and forth in the alphabet by means of the +/- keys.
Use the cursor key to go to next space or to go back one space if you make a
mistake.
Depending on the selected language, the 0 (zero) key will hold special characters e.g. Æ Ø Å Ä Ö Ü Ñ, and the 9 (nine) key will hold: . - (empty space)
Press the [CLR] key to delete everything from cursor position and to the right
of cursor in that row.
2.7 Initial start-up
PWR
To turn on the CRXX, press and hold the [PWR] key till a picture
appears on the screen
PAGE
Press [PAGE] to scroll through a quick guide which informs of the
use of the keys and where you can enter owner’s setup
ENT
Press [ENT] when ready to assume normal operation
PWR
Press [PWR] again to adjust the lighting in the screen and select day
or night display etc., move around in display by means of the cursor
key and change settings with +/- keys, and...
ENT
Confirm with [ENT]
Chapter 2-8 CR44/54 Fundamentals & initial start-up
The unit will now perform a fully automatic start-up and find the
correct position without further data entries. The start-up phase is
completed when the position coordinates stop flashing in the position display, meaning, the system now has a valid position - see
section 6.3.
Select display language:
MENU
Call up the menu bar, and...
7,1
press [7], [1] to call up the language display
Press up on the cursor to go to the bottom line in the display
+/-
Select language
ENT
Confirm entry
2.8 Turn power off
PWR
Call up INFO window, and...
PWR
Press and hold until screen turns black
The CRXX is now turned off. All the data and setups are saved and
stored in the internal memory and, of course, will be available next
time the unit is turned on.
CR44/54 Radar menu Chapter 3-1
3. Radar operation
The CRXX combines chart plotting with radar navigation. For first
time users of Radar, we have included a basic description of the
radar presentation with a basic understanding of how the controls
affect the radar’s operation and display.
The following paragraphs describe the control settings used for
initial display setup, turn-on procedure, inclement weather operation
and finally the turn off procedure. Radar controls are described in
chapter 3.2.
3.1 Radar map
The radar picture appearing on the display is a map-like representation of the area in which the radar is operating. Typically, the ship’s
position is at the center of the display. The operator may reposition
or offset the ship’s position up to 66% of the radius anywhere on the
screen. The ship’s dead ahead bearing is indicated by the heading
line at the 0° relative bearing.
Coastline contours and landmass are generally depicted in solid
filled yellow, purple, multi-colored (DAY settings) or green (NIGHT
settings) echo areas - choose colors in Pallette setup, section 9.6.
Other surface vessels, and channel buoys, are displayed as smaller
single “blips” or echoes. The radar picture or map can be viewed in
many different ranges from own ship. These sizes are selected by
the range controls. Greater detail of radar echoes nearby own ship is
shown when the short or nearby range scales are selected. The best
technique for assessing the radar presentation characteristics is to
start with using a longer range scale and then switching to shorter
ranges when nearby targets appear, or as the ship approaches the
coastline, harbor, or other vessels in the area.
The long range scales (i.e. 3, 6, 12, 24nm) best show the overview of
the ship’s relationship to landmasses, weather fronts, and large ship
targets at or beyond view.
Chapter 3-2 CR44/54 Radar menu
3.1.1 Map orientation
In the RELATIVE mode, the heading line always appears on the
screen at 0° relative according to the on-screen bearing scale, and is
coincident with the antenna beam passing the ship’s bow. Thus the
top of the displayed picture represents the direction in which the ship
is heading.
All targets appearing on the display are “Relative” to own ship’s
position and heading. As you look outside at targets around you, you
will see that the targets are appearing on the Radar display at the
same relative bearing.
The Electronic Bearing Lines (EBL) are available radar tools used
to measure bearings to radar targets from own ship. The bearing
readouts may be in relative or true modes.
3.1.2 Environmental effects
The effects of weather and water surface conditions generally act to
reduce the ability of radar to detect targets. Weather effects reduce
the long range at which targets can be detected. Water surface clutter (waves) reduces the ability to detect targets close by. Either can
obscure the echoes from targets that may prove dangerous to your
vessel.
You can’t see wind on your radar screen, however you can see its
effects when it produces waves and spray on the water surface. “Sea
Return” is most pronounced in the direction from which the wind
is blowing. Proper use of your “Sea clutter” (also known as STC)
adjustment can reduce the effect of wind and waves, but care must
be taken not to increase the control to the point where weak targets
will be overlooked.
Rain, hail and snow can return echoes that appear on your radar
screen as a blurred or cluttered area. Targets within the area of
precipitation can be masked by the clutter. The maximum range of
the radar pulse is greatly reduced as the energy of the radar beam
is scattered and absorbed by the water droplets. Proper use of your
Rain Clutter (also known as FTC) adjustment helps you to look into
areas of precipitation to detect targets.
CR44/54 Radar menu Chapter 3-3
Buoys are moored to the bottom with concrete via chain. The chain
is longer than the depth of the water to allow the buoys to ride in the
current and go up and down with the tide. Unfortunately this allows
the buoys to lean in the direction of the current. Radar reflectors
built into the buoy do not work well when the side of the buoy is
pointed to the sky. Therefore if you are going with the current, the
images of the channel markers may appear faint. If you are going
against the current, the buoys will be leaning in your direction and
produce a stronger image on the radar screen.
The iron mass and angles of the metal in the structure of a bridge
can cause unpredictable interference patterns on your radar. It is
not unusual for a reflected image to appear on the radar screen in
front of you just as you pass under the bridge. A similar effect is also
common on sailboats where the radar antenna is mounted close to an
aluminum mast.
Overhead cable crossings can mimic a moving target on your radar
screen. The cable target usually appears to be on a collision course.
The entire length of cable does not appear on the screen, only a point
on the cable, and that point keeps changing giving the illusion of a
moving target.
3.1.3 Effects of ship’s movement
Radar images can be drawn in two ways on the radar display to show
the ship’s motion. The type of display modes are called “Relative
motion” and “True motion”. In Relative motion, the most common
radar display mode, own ship is permanently fixed at the center of
the display and radar echoes (targets) move in relation to your vessel.
With no movement of the ship, a steady display of fixed radar echoes
is shown. If the ship is moving ahead on a constant course, echoes
appearing at the top of the display will move downward across the
display. Your own ship’s position will always remain at the center of
the display.
If the vessel alters course to the right, the displayed echoes will
be displaced by an equal amount in bearing in a counterclockwise
direction, and vice versa. These changes in the display pattern with
ship movement is an extremely important characteristic to remember
when maneuvering around nearby vessels, or buoys.
The True motion display mode can be compared to your vessel
Chapter 3-4 CR44/54 Radar menu
moving on a map or chart. In True motion mode, the surrounding
landmass echoes remain stationary on the screen and if your ship
is moving at a constant course and speed, you will see your position move across the screen towards the edge of the display. Any
other targets which are underway will also be moving on the display
screen at their True course and True speed. All motion seen on the
True motion display is “TRUE” (meaning motion over the ground).
3.1.4 Navigational echoes
Echoes displayed on the radar screen may be large or small, bright
or faint, depending on the size and shape of the object and its angle
relative to your radar antenna. The radar indication is not always the
same as an observer’s visual indication; a nearby small object may
appear to be the same size as a distant large object on the radar. With
experience, however, different targets can be identified by the relative size, brightness, and position of their radar echo returns.
Buoys and small boats are one example of targets that are sometimes
difficult to distinguish from each other. Their movement in the
waves do not present a consistent reflecting surface. Consequently,
their echoes have a tendency to fade and brighten or sometimes
to disappear momentarily. Although buoys and small boats often
resemble each other, usually the motion of one target identifies the
boat from the buoy.
High coastlines and mountainous coastal regions are often observed
at the longest ranges of the radar. However, the first sight of landfill
on the radar’s longest ranges may be a mountain several miles inland
from the coastline and not the actual coastline. The coastline may
not appear on the radar until the vessel has approached land nearer
the line of sight distance.
3.1.5 Racon (Radar Beacon)
A racon is a radar transponder which emits a characteristic signal
when triggered by a ship’s radar. The signal may be emitted on the
same frequency as that of the triggering radar, in which case it is
superimposed on the ship’s radar screen automatically.
The racon signal appears on the screen as a radial line originating
at a point just beyond the position of the radar beacon or as a Morse
code signal displayed radially from just beyond the beacon.
CR44/54 Radar menu Chapter 3-5
3.1.6 Sea return
Not all radar echoes are produced by hard navigation items such
as boats, buoys and land. Some radar echoes may be received from
irregularities on the surface of the water, particularly at close range by
breaking wavecrests, particularly in windy weather and in heavy seas.
These echoes appear on the radar screen on the very short range
scales as multiple small echoes next to own ship. Under high winds
and extreme conditions the echoes from sea clutter may appear as
dense background of clutter forming the shape of an almost solid
disc, as far as one to three miles in all directions from own ship, but
the worst area is where the wind is blowing towards the ship. The
radar has a sea clutter control, sea (STC), which can be used to minimize the effects of sea clutter pickup on the screen.
3.1.7 Storm and rain squall returns
The radar can also see echoes from rain or snow. Echoes from storm
areas and rain squalls consist of countless small echoes, continuously
changing in size, intensity, and position. These returns sometimes
appear as large hazy areas on the display depending on the intensity
of the rainfall or snow in the storm cell. The cells usually may be
visible at long distances due to their high altitude above the radar
horizon and are very helpful for observing potential bad weather
conditions. If the returns from storm areas and rain squalls are not
desired, the RAIN clutter control can be adjusted to minimize the
effect on the radar screen.
3.1.8 Blind sectors or shadow effect
Funnels, masts or derricks, (when located near the antenna array)
may cause shadows. Shadow areas can be recognized since beyond
the obstruction there will be a reduction of targets and noise intensity, although not necessarily a complete cutoff seen on the screen.
However, if the shadow angle is more than a few degrees, there will
be a blind sector.
In some shadow sectors the beam intensity may not be sufficient to
obtain an echo from a very small object even at close range, despite
the fact that a large vessel can be detected at a much greater range.
For this reason, the angular width and relative bearing of any shadow
sector should be determined at installation. Sometimes shadowing
Chapter 3-6 CR44/54 Radar menu
can be seen on the screen by increasing the radar gain until noise is
present. Darker sectors indicate possible shadowed areas. This information should be posted near the display unit, and operators must be
alert for objects in these blind sectors.
3.1.9 Side lobes
Echoes on the radar screen are not always the direct returns to the
radar antenna. There are many types of false echoes that can appear
on the display if certain conditions occur. The sections that follow,
briefly describe the echo patterns that may be produced by these
false echoes and their likely cause. It should be noted that the radar
operator, through observation, practice, and experience usually can
detect these conditions very quickly.
A very small part of the RF (Radio Frequency) energy from each
transmitted pulse is radiated outside the radar’s narrow beam, producing side lobe patterns. Side lobes normally have no effect from
distant or small surface objects, but the echo from a large object at
short range may produce an arc pattern on the radar screen similar
to a range ring, or appear as a series of echoes forming a broken arc.
Side lobe echoes normally occur at a range below 3 miles and usually can be reduced through careful reduction of the GAIN or proper
adjustment of the SEA clutter control.
3.1.10 Radar interference
Whenever two or more radar equipped vessels are operating within
reception range of each other, mutual interference is likely when the
radars are operating near the same frequencies. This interference
usually appears on the screen as a series of small dots. The interference seems to move from the PPI center (radar screen), sometimes in
a straight line, but more often in a long, sweeping curve. This type of
interference is more noticeable on longer range scales. This does not,
as a rule, impair the effectiveness of the radar as a navigational aid.
Since the interference can be completely eliminated by turning IR
“ON” in the function menu. The IR feature is normally left “on”.
CR44/54 Radar menu Chapter 3-7
3.1.11 False echoes
Occasionally, echoes may appear on the screen at positions where
there is no actual target. This type of target is called a False Echo.
Sometimes they are known as Ghost Images, Indirect Echoes or
Multiple Echoes depending on how they are generated.
Ghost images usually have the appearance of true echoes, but, in
general, they are intermittent and poorly defined. A true ghost image
retains a fixed relationship with respect to the true image and characteristically produces a more arc-like appearance with a tendency
to smear on the screen. Ghost images are sometimes caused by large
targets which have a wide, smooth surface as they pass by near your
own ship.
Ghost images sometimes are referred to as indirect echoes. Indirect
echoes may appear when there is a large target, such as a passing
ship at a short range, or a reflecting surface, such as a funnel or
spotlight on your own ship in line with the antenna. The signal, on
first striking the smooth side of the large target, will be reflected,
and these subsequent echo returns to the antenna are shown on the
display. However, the same reflection may also hit other masts or
obstacles and then be picked up by the radar antenna with enough
strength to appear as a target on the radar screen at various locations.
Multiple echoes could appear if there is a large target having a wide
vertical surface to your own ship at a comparatively short range. The
transmitted signal will be reflected back and forth between the wide
vertical surface of the target and your own ship.
Thus, multiple echoes will appear beyond the true target’s echo on
the same bearing as shown below. This is not a very common phenomena.
True e cho
Multiple
echoes
Chapter 3-8 CR44/54 Radar menu
3.2 Radar menu
1
RADAR
The displays obtained from this
menu can easily be accessed from
the main function key [RADAR]
- see section 3.2.1.
1
Radar
2
Dual Radar
3
Radar & Chart
4
Custom screen
The Golden Rule! Today’s radars are packed full of neat features
designed to make your cruising more enjoyable and safer. Use these
features when you can, but remember the old axiom KISS (keep it
simple sailor). If a target shows on the display, there most likely is
something there. If there are no targets shown on your display, it
doesn’t guarantee there are no other objects around. Maintain a good
visual watch, proceed at a safe speed and enjoy your boating.
The Radar display will be presented in full screen with the radar
control menu placed in the right side of the display. Press [ADJ] to
access the control menu, where the most common adjustments are
made - see section 3.2.5.
The Dual Radar display requires a full-screen presentation, with the
standard display in the left half of the screen and the secondary radar
display in the right half of the screen. The two half-screen radar displays can be set up and operated independently - see section 3.2.7.
The Radar & Chart display requires a full screen presentation, with
the radar display in the left half of the screen and the chart display in
the right half of the screen - see section 3.2.8.
The custom screen will present multiple window combinations
(section 3.2.1), where the radar display will be fixed in the left half
window and the two quarter windows i.e. (default) a chart display
and an echo display can be exchanged with different displays.
To access one of the displays via the menu e.g.:
MENU
Call up the menu bar, and...
1,1
press [1] and [1] to call up the Radar display in full screen
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