DECLARATION .......................................................................................................................................... IV
COPYRIGHT ............................................................................................................................................... IV
ERRORS AND OMISSIONS....................................................................................................................... IV
DOCUMENT HISTORY................................................................................................................................ V
WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS.................................................................................................................... VI
The performance figures quoted are subject to normal manufacturing and service tolerances. The right is
reserved to alter the equipment described in this manual in the light of future technical development.
Copyright
All rights reserved. No part of this pu blication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the
prior permission of TMC Radio.
Errors and Omissions
The usefulness of this publication depends upon the accuracy and completeness of the information
contained within it. Whilst every endeavour has been made to eliminate any errors, some may still exist. It is
requested that any errors or omission s noted should be reported to:
TMC Radio Pty Ltd.
1270 Ferntree Gully Road
Scoresby Vic
3179 Australia
Compliance with RF Energy Exposure Standards: To minimise exposure to RF fields during
equipment service and repair, the antenna terminal of the SRM9000 radio should be connected to
a suitable non-radiating RF load when the transmitter is in use.
SRM9000 radio equipment is to be connected
with a 24-volt supply, an approved 24V/12V converter must be used. The supply must not be
taken from a 12V tap on the battery.
To avoid RF injury, do not touch the Antenna when the Transmitter is in use.
Double-fused 12V Supply Leads, Antenna cables and Speaker wiring is to be routed as far away
as possible from gas or fuel lines or any electronic control device. The radio transceiver and
antenna are to be mounted as far away as possible from these devices and their cabling.
Equipment is to be installed, by a competent person, in accordance with the requirements of
local radio communications authorities and/or Health and Safety regulations.
Post installation checks should be performed to ensure that there is no effect on the operation of
the vehicle’s electronics.
WARNING
WARNING
only
to 12-volt negative earth systems. In vehicles
WARNING
WARNING
WARNING
Do not operate your radio, without a handsfree kit, whilst driving a vehicle.
WARNING
Do not operate your radio in an explosive atmosphere. Obey the “Turn Off Two-way Radios”
signs where these are posted, e.g. on a petrol station forecourt.
Caution
During disassembly and assembly, refer to Torque Settings in Section 1.6
Caution
Customer configuration files should be saved prior to any alignment adjustments.
Preparing the radio for alignment will erase from the radio all customer PMR configuration data
(channel, signalling information etc). The only data retained by the Alignment Tool is the factory
alignment data for the radio (DAC settings for Tx power, front-end tuning etc).
The SRM9000X8 800MHz mobile transceiver is designed for PMR operation in analog systems or P25 in digital
systems.
The SRM9000X8 transceiver can be used with either the SRM9022 Graphics Display Handset or the SRM9030
System Level Remote Control Head with Alpha capability.
1.2 S
This manual provides technical specifications, description and servicing details for the SRM9000 mobile radio
transceiver.
COPE
1.3 DESCRIPTION
The design concept utilises wide band techniq ue s fo r RF tr ansmit and receive circuitry with digital signal
processing of analog or digital modulatio n a nd dem od ula tion. Electronic tuning is used throughout the mobile to
eliminate manual tuning and level adjust ment.
A Digital Signal Processor (DSP) and a Programmable Gate Array (PLA) are used with other dedicated dev ices in
the SRM9000 to perform the following fu nctions under software control:
• Frequency Synthesis of all operating frequencies.
• Modulation and demodulation of 12 . 5kHz o r 25 kHz FM signals or P25 digital modulation on a per
channel basis.
• Modem functionality for specified d ata modulation schemes.
• Filtering, pre-emphasis, de-emphasis, limi ting, compression, muting, CTCSS, Selcall or any other
frequency or level dependent signal modification.
• Serial communications with the Control Ancillaries and Alignment Tool.
Tuning Control data for Tx and Rx.
•
The SRM9000 basic Transceiver comprises a rugged extruded aluminium sleeve, which houses a single printed
circuit board assembly and provides all heatsink requirements. The sleeve housing is closed at each end by highimpact plastic end caps; all cable ports and mechanical interfaces are sealed against moisture and dust ingress.
The PCB assembly comprises a single, multi-layer PCB cont ain i ng all the RF and control circuitry. The PCB seats
on an extruded aluminium tray that slides into the outer aluminium sleeve where it is secured with screws
accessed from the outside of the case. Provision is made under the main PCB tray assembly for additional
hardware options as well as optional a ccessor ies p l ug ged directly into the main PCB.
There are two installation methods available for the SRM9000. The outer aluminium extrusion has side flanges that
allow the mobile to be bolted directly to any flat surface in the vehicle. A quick release cradle is also available.
There are various associated items of Software (SW) required for the SRM9000 radio and programmer to operate.
This section simply defines the naming rules of the SW files to allow identification and conformity. This allows
different versions of SW to be distributed and co-exist without confusion.
The SRM9000 Transceiver has three items of SW fo r digital and analog PMR, Trunking and Alignment.
The 9022 Controller Mic/Handsets has one SW file for its PIC and the 9030 Control Head has two SW files for its
Flash and EEPROM.
1.4.1
Basically the Filename Structure is defined as follows:
• 2 character Applicatio n cod e
• 2 or 3 character SW Type code
• 3 character version number
• File Extension as required.
eg.
9ep_533.bin
9es_533.bin
9ecf101.hex
9ece101.hex
1.4.2
This identifies the application the SW was initially des i gned for:
9e Standard SRM9000 Rev 9 Software
ae SRM9000 Rev 9 Softwar e ap plicable for SRP9022
Filename Structure
9etm533.bin
Application Code
1.4.3
This identifies different types of SW within an application.
a_a 9022 PMR with ASI Map27option board
a_u 9022 PMR with ASI SUP option board
Software Type Code
s_ Startup
p_ Standard PMR. DMAP or No option board
p_s PMR with Scrambler/Discriminator option bo ard
p_g PMR with Direct GPS
p_a PMR with ASI Map27option board
p_u PMR with ASI SUP option board
p_q PMR with ASI-G Map27option board
a__ 9022 Standard PMR. DMAP or No option board
a_s 9022 PMR with Scrambler/Discriminator op tion board
a_g 9022 PMR with Direct GPS
bo Transceiver Boot-code
bc Transceiver Boot-Backup-code
bf Transceiver PLA-code
ba Transceiver PLA-Backup-code
Note. The above file names are not store d within the code. As a consequence, when the radio is read by the FPP,
the FPP will display version numbers and release dat e s f o r th e Backup, Startup, PMR and DMAP codes. The
Bootloader, PLA Backup and PLA codes show release dates only.
This is a 3-digit number allocated by Engineering to identify the SW version.
e.g. 103 = Version 1.03
1.4.5
The Programmer SW does not follow the above ru les as it is a PC based Program and its version number can be
easily identified by starting th e SW . Later releases of SW will be backward compatible, unless deliberately not so,
in which case a different directory structure/path may be implemented.
1.4.6
Each Transceiver SW code file (e.g. 9etm533.bin, etc.) contains version information about itself and possible
compatibility with Programming SW.
For
Version Number
Exclusions
Displaying Software Versions
Radio SW saved on Disk
Options : Upgrade_Software : Get_File
, this information can be displayed via the Programmer function:
, information can be read from the Transce iver and displayed via the
can be displayed on the Control Head by holding the ‘3’ button down when the radio
can be displayed by pressing the top side button when the radio is
1.4.7
When a configuration is downloaded to the Transceiver, the Programmer performs a brief check on the SW
currently installed in the radio. If a later version of SW exists (on PC hard-disk) then the Programmer will prompt
the user with the following message :
NOTE. As early versions of FPP cannot recognise a more recent revision of the radio, it is important that the latest
FPP version is downloaded from http://www.tmcradio.com.
If
YES
If NO is selected, only
This process also updates the Startup code to ensure it is compatible with the loaded PMR code.
Note : If the …\SRM9000\FPP\Radi oSW folder contains no files, then the above check will not be perform ed .
Automatic Version Upgrade Prompting
is selected, the Transceiver Radio code is updated before the new configuration is downloaded.
The SRM9000 Transceiver software is split into th e following separate modules:
When the Transceiver starts, it basically performs the following steps:
If the Mainline Software cannot be lo ad ed, or a Job file configuration has not been loaded (e.g. non-existent or
checksum fail) then execution switche s to Backup Software until the error is corrected (e.g. by FPPing the radio).
There are three states that the radio can configure after switch-on:
Transceiver SW Description, Start-up and Backup-Software
• Bootloader and Backu p Software
• Start-Up Soft war e
• PLA and PLA-Backup Software
• Mainline PMR Software
• Initial execution starts with the Bootloader code, which attempts to load the Start-Up Software (if Start-
Up checksum is bad, then the Backup Software is lo ad ed .)
• Start-Up Software then do wnloads the PLA code (or PLA-Backup code if PLA checksum is bad) to the
PLA device. If both PLA and PLA-Backup checksu ms are ba d then the radio is not operational and serial
communication is not possible.
• Start-Up Soft war e then reads the On/Off switch plus Ignition-Sense lines and compares t he se with
saved parameters to determine if the rad i o sho uld be continue to power-up or switch itself off again.
• Start-Up software t h en attempts to load PMR Mainline Software (dependent on save d pa ra meter) and
switches execution to complete the powe r-up process and start normal operation.
• Mainline PMR Softw are (no rma l po wer-up)
If the radio does not have a vali d Jo b file configuration loaded, then it will display a “No PMR Cfg”.
• Start-Up Software (characterised by “Alignment Mode” shown on the display). This is also t he cod e that
is running when the radio is being aligned using the Alignment Tool.
• Backup Software (via various paths from above.)
1.4.9
A “WAILING SIREN” sound is emitte d from the Loudspeaker while the radio is running in Boot Backup Softw are .
In this mode the FPP can be used to re-load a Jo bf ile, or re-load Start-Up or Mainline Operating Software.
Simply writing a Jobfile to the radio should allow the FPP to determine and update the offending software –
however there may be instances where the FPP cannot determine this and the Start-Up and Mainline Software
should be updated manually. This can be do ne using the FPP : Upgrade_Software : Get_File … then Download.
Both Start-Up Software (filename = 9es_xxx.bin) and Mainline PMR (9ep_xxx.bin) should be loaded if the FPP
cannot automatically fix the problem. The wailing siren s hould stop once the problem is fixed.
Note: Should these steps fail to restore the set and the Wailing Siren cease, the radio will need to be returned to
Wailing Siren (Boot-up Software Corrupted)
a Level 3 Service Centre for FLASH repl ace ment.
1.5 ADJUSTMENT AND ALIGNMENT
There are no manual internal adjustments in the SRM9000. Re-programming and alignment is done using
software tools with the PCB installed in its chassis. For servicing, the radio PCB can be operated outside the
chassis provided that a temporary heatsink is fitted under the transmitter PA module for transmitter servicing and
that the receiver audio output be kept below 100mW for receiver servicing. Radio performance is only slightly
affected by operating without the outer sleeve but there will be some change to performance when the metal cans
are removed from the RF sections of the board.
On re-assembly, the PA module should be checked for a thin layer of heat-conducting paste. If this is missing or
dried-out, it should be replaced prior to re-assembly.
Assembly of 'Chassis' (Inner Extrusion) to 'Outer Extrusion': 1.4 Nm (PA x 2), 1.25Nm (Others x 3)
Assembly of 'Front' and 'Rear' end-caps to 'Outer Extrusion': 1.4 Nm.
1.6.2
Just enough thermal compound should be applied to the PA tray to provide good thermal contact with the chassis.
Note. If thermal compound is old and difficult to spread, it should be discarded.
1.6.3
The Inner extrusion should initially be ne ste d t og et h er with the PCB and then the assembly slid into place within
the outer extrusion.
Positioning the inner extrusion upwards by hand, it is then important to insert all screws by hand and ensure they
have been fully inserted through the PCB, thereby locating the assembly correctly.
Whilst holding the inner extrusion upwards to ensure the assembly does not twist, lightly torque up the centre
screw of the row of three followed by the PA module mounting screw towards the middle of the chassis.
The remaining screws can then be screwed up to full torque followed by re-torque of the first two screws.
Bandwidth Complies wit h TI A- 603 part 3.4.6
Deviation Sensitivity Less than 6.0% of system deviat io n (for decode with full RF quieting)
Noise Immunity Less than 50 0ms dr op out per minute at 10dB SINAD
(CTCSS tone deviation 10% of system deviation. RF deviation 60% at 1000Hz).
False Decode Rate Less than 1 false decode pe r 30 m inutes (no carrier input).
Blocking For no dropouts in one minute, interfering tone at 90% of system deviation
(CTCSS tone at 10% of system dev iation) as follows:
Full quieting signal: 310Hz to 3000Hz 20dB SINAD RF signal: 320Hz to 3000Hz
12dB SINAD RF signal: 350Hz to 3000Hz
Attack Time Less than 25 0ms (tone frequency >100Hz)
Less than 350ms (tone frequency <100Hz)
Closing Time Less than 250ms
Squelch Tail Elimination Less than 50ms
1.7.4.2 Selcall
The following tone sets are supported as per tables below:
ST-500: CCIR, EEA, ZVEI, DZVEI, EIA
•
• ST500/CML: ZVEI_3, DZVEI
• CML: CCIR, EEA, ZVEI
• SIGTEC: CCIR, CCIRH, EEA, ZVEI_1, XVEI_2, ZVEI_3, NATEL, EI A
4 preset lengths selectable: 20ms to 4 secon ds in 1 ms increme nts.
1.7.4.3 DTMF
DTMF Encode supported via keypad:
TONES 1209Hz 1336Hz 1477Hz
697Hz 1 2 3
770Hz 4 5 6
852Hz 7 8 9
941Hz * 0 #
Tone Period, programmable: 0 – 2.55s in 10ms steps.
Inter-Tone Period, programmable: 0 – 2.55s in 10ms steps.
Link Establishment Time, programmable: 0 - 10s in 10 ms steps.
Tx Hang Time, programmable: 0 – 9.99s in 10ms steps.
Side-Tone in Loudspeaker: selectable vi a pr og ra mme r
11 bits - CRC (error detection) code
Available Codes 104 codes from 512 theoretically possible cod es – se e be low
Turn off code 200ms 134Hz tone at PTT release
DCS Codes can be Transmitted “Normal” or “Inve rt ed ” (p ro gra mmable).
The radio can receive DCS codes in either Trans m itted “Normal” or “Inverted” or both (selectable via programmer).
The SRM9000 series has been designed to provide low cost analog and digital speech mobile transceivers, using
common core electronics, software and interfacing. It is a requirement that once the customer has purchased
equipment, TMC Radio can follow this by providing an ongoing, high level of customer support together wit h a
competitive and professional servicing activity.
There are three levels of service available:
Level Activity Recommended Spares Recommended Test
Equipment
1 Replacement of complete
transceiver/antenna/fuses
Reprogramming
2 Replacement of PCB or
mechanical component
replacement, Cosmetic repair
3 Repair by PCB or mechanical
component replacement,
Cosmetic repair.
Repair of Radio PCB to
component level in CRU.
Antennas, Fuses
Ancillaries
Listed in Level 2 Spares
Schedule
Listed in Level 2 Spares
Schedule
Radio PCB components
only available to CRU.
Multimeter P.C.
Radio software
Programmer
As above + service aids and
test equipment
As above + service aids and
test equipment
2.2 W
Initially, the normal 12-month warranty will apply to all radios and ancillaries
2.2.1
The field Service Level for the SRM900 0 mobile is LEVEL 2, PCB replacement.
LEVEL 2 Service, PCB (only) and case part replacement, will be carried out in field repair workshops, or the
Central Repair Unit (CRU) if required.
LEVEL 3 Service (Radio PCB component level repair) will ONLY be carried out in the Central Repair Unit. For
this, the complete radio must be returned to the CRU.
A PCB replacement program may be offered by the CRU in some countries.
ARRANTY
Service Within and Out Of Warranty
.
2.3 SOFTWARE POLICY
Software provided by TMC Radio shall remain the Company's property, or that of its licensors, and the customer
recognises the confidential nature of the rights owned by the Company.
The customer is granted a personal, non-ex clu sive, non-transferable limited right of use of such software in
machine-readable form in direct connecti on with the equipment for which it was supplied only.
In certain circumstances the customer may be required to enter into a separate licence agreement and pay a
licence fee, which will be negotiated at the time of the contract.
The customer undertakes not to disclose any part of the software to third parties without the Company's written
consent, nor to copy or modify any software. The Company may, at its discretion, carry out minor modifications to
software. Major modifications may be undertaken under a separate agreement, and will be charged separately.
All software is covered by a warranty of 3 months from delivery, and within this warranty period the Company will
correct errors or defects, or at its optio n, arrange free-of-charge replacement against return of defective material.
Other than in the clause above, the Comp any makes no representations or warranties, expressed or implied such,
by way of example, but not of limitation regarding merchantable quality or fitness for any particular p urp ose , or that
the software is error free, the Company does not accept liability with respect to any claims for loss of profits or of
contracts, or of any other loss of a ny kind whatsoever on account of use of software and copies thereof.
The receiver input signal fr om the antenna passes through the h armonic filter and antenna T/R switch. Wi th the
mobile in receive mode, diodes D580, D582 and D583 in the antenna switch are reverse biased allowing the
receiver input signal to be co upled throug h to the rec eiver fron t-end with minimal los s. The overall inser tion loss of
the harmonic filter and switch is approximately 0.8dB.
The signal is then fed through SAW bandpass filte r (Z400) to the input of the RF amplifier (Q404). The SAW filter
bandpass covers 851MHz to 870MHz. The RF amplifier stage comprises a low noise transistor amplifier (Q404)
that is compensated to maintain good linear ity and low noise matc hing; this p rovides excellen t intermodulatio n an d
blocking performance across the full operating range. The overall gain of the front-end is approximately 9dB.The
RF amplifier has constant cur rent bias controlled by Q402. The output of the RF amplifier is coupled through a
varactor-tuned bandpass filter comprising of two ceramic resonators (Z430 and Z431). The varactors have
individual PWM tuning voltages, TU NE 1 and TUNE 2, that are derived from PLA (U300). The tuning volta ges
values for the filter varactors are controlled by the alignment data stored in the radio. The DSP processes these
data to optimise the filter tuni n g for each of the programmed channel frequencies.
A negative bias supply originates from the DSP/PLA as a PWM signal for the two filter tuning voltages for the
specific channel frequency selected. The PWM signal, which is dependent on channel frequency and tuning,
passes through level shifting transistors Q451 to Q454, where it is converted to a negative voltage in the range
-0.5V to -11.5V. The -12.0V rail for the level translators is generated by U904E/F, with D903 to D906 providing the
required voltage multiplication.
3.1.2
The output of the ceramic resonator pair is then fed into U441, a high performance passive mixer that converts the
RF signal to a IF of 45MHz. The first local oscillator injection level is typically +8dBm with high side injection.
Following the mixer is a IF amplifier (Q461) that provides approximately 15 dB of gain and, in association with its
output circuitry, presents the required load conditions to the 4 pole 45MHz crystal filters Z471A/Z471B.
The crystal filters provide part the total required selectivity for adjacent channel operation with the remaining
selectivity provided by a DSP bandpass filter algor ithm.
Front End Filters and RF Amplifier
First Mixer and IF Section
3.1.3
Additional IF gain of approximately 44dB occurs in U481, which is a dedicated IF AGC Amplifier and Quadrature
Demodulator. The AGC voltage for U481 is derived from the RSSI function of the DSP. The onset of AGC
operation occurs when RF input s ignal level at the antenna connector exce eds -90dBm and can reduce the gain
by approximately 100dB for strong signals.
Conversion of the 45MHz IF signal to I and Q baseband signals is carried out by the demodulator section of U481.
The 90MHz second local oscillator signal for U481 is generated by VCO Q730, which is phase locked by the PLL
CPIF output of U721, via feedback signal FINIF.
The baseband audio from the IQ Demodulator is applied to a diffe rential amplifier (U941A/ U941B) that converts
the balanced demodulator I and Q output signals to unbalanced inputs for the CODEC (U800).
All receiver audio processing and filtering functions are performed by the CODEC und er the control of the DSP.
The receiver I and Q analog baseband signals are converted to digital signals by the CODEC ADC before being
applied to a series of digital filters that provide the final stages of adjacent channel filtering, high pass and low pass
audio filtering, mute noise processing, and volume control level for narrow and wideband operation. The fully
processed signal is then converted to an analog audio signal by the CODEC DAC and then applied to conventional
audio amplifiers (U803A/B) an d the loudspeaker amplifier (U805).
In addition, Discriminator Audio is derived from the second CODEC output channel and then amplified by U802A
after which it is appl ied to one of the radio I/O conn ector s for op tion p ur pos es. D isc rimin ator Audio is a pr ese t level
set by the FPP and is independent of squelch operation.
There are two speaker options available, a half-bridged configuration using a speaker across balanced output
SPKR OUT1 and 2, which provides an audio outp ut level of up to 4 watts into 4 ohms. The other option is a full
bridge configuration using a high power speaker across SPKR OUT1 and 2 and providing an audio output level of
up to 10 watts into 8 ohms; this high power option is enabled by adding 0 ohm resistor, R85 9. The carrier and
signalling mute functions are performed by Q810/Q811/Q813 under DSP control. De-emphasis to the audio PA
(U805) is performed by R861 and capacitor C872. Flat audio is provided to connector S1-6 via amplifier U803A.
3.2 T
Refer to Figure 3-2.
3.2.1
Receiver Audio Processing
RANSMITTER
Drivers and PA Stages
The carrier frequency for the transmit ter is generated by combining the receiver first LO with the receiver second
LO in TX mixer (U650).
The output of the mixer (U650) is fed into a broadband amplifier (U670) via a tuned filter comprising of varactors
D660 and D661, to reduce the unwanted mixer products. The tuning voltage for the filter varactors, TUNE 1N, is
derived from level translators Q451 and Q452. U670 amplifies signals from 806MHz to 825MHz for two frequency
simplex applications and 851MHz to 870MHz f o r tu rnaround operation. The output of U670 connects to a diode
switch arrangement consisting of D681 to D684; this switch is used to select pairs of SAW filters on either the 806
to 825MHz band with Z681 and Z683, or the 85 1 to 870MHz band with Z682 and Z684. The diode switch is
controlled by transistors Q681 an d Q 68 2.
The carrier signal level at the output of the SAW filters is approximately –7dBm. This signal is then further
amplified in subsequent broadband stages Q691 to approximately +2dBm, Q501 to +15dBm, Q521 to +17dBm
and Q531a to +20dBm. Each of these stages has a resistive attenuator network to provide isolation fr om the
affects of transient load impedan ce changes. The output of final driver (Q531a) is fed through a resistiv e network
consisting of R536, R537 and R538, to the input of the broadband power amplifier module (U561) at a level of
approximately +16dBm.
The PA module (U561) contains three MOSFET stages to achieve the required maximum RF output power level of
+44.4dBm (27.5 watts).
Care should be taken dur ing ser vicing, sinc e if for an y reason the drive power is lost while the power control
Note:
voltage is high, the current into the PA may exceed its specification. Therefore the power supply current limit
should be monitored at all times and preset to as low as required. The radio has some additional inbuilt
safeguards, but these should not be relied on.
Final power output settings are derived from alignment data stored in flash memory during the initial factory
alignment. The DSP processes these data to optimise the power output level relative to the selected programmed
channel frequencies.
PA current is monitored via comparator U551B, the output of which is passed via a temperature compensation
network R552, R553 and NTC R554 , to the ADC, U301C. U301C s amples the applied voltage and then passes it
to the PLA, after which it is pro cess ed b y the D SP. The PA c urre nt limit value is calibr ated as pa rt of the align ment
procedure.
The final output power is stabilised by a power control feedback loop. A printed circuit transmission line, L561,
resistor R560, diodes D5 61A a nd D 561B, an d oth er as soci ated co mpon ents , form th e powe r detect or. Co mpar ator
U551A and associated components provide the power setting and power control functions. Forward and reverse
power is sampled by th e power detector a nd applied as a DC voltage to the inverting in put of the compar ator. The
TX_PWR set voltage is a DC voltage proportio nal to the programmed Tx power setting and is applied to the noninverting input of the comparator.
The TX_PWR calibration voltage origin ates from the PLA as a PWM signal and is integrated for applicatio n to the
comparator.
The PA module output level variation due to variations of supply voltage, output load or temperature, is detected
and applied to the compar ator. The comparator proportionally adjusts the PA module bias supply and the bias
supply for the PA driver (Q531A) and thus the PA drive level. High temperature protection is provided by thermistor
R557, that progressively reduces the power level if the PA module temperature becomes excessive.
3.2.3
The antenna changeover c ircuit consisting of pin diode s D581, D582 and D583, is s witched by transistors Q571,
Q572 and Q573 and associated circuitry, allowing the transmitter output to be coupled to the antenna while
providing isolation for the receiv er input. With the transmitter switched on, the diodes are forward biased allowing
power to be coupled through to the antenna and isolating the receiver by grounding its inpu t at C585. The short
circuit at the receiver input is transformed to an effective open circuit at D581, by a lumped transmission line
(L591), which minimises transmitter loading. With the transmitter switched off, the diodes are reverse biased
allowing the receiver input signal to reach the receiver front end with minimal loss. The harmonic reject, low pass
filter comprises L592, L593, L594 and associated capacitors.
3.2.4
Power Control
Antenna Changeover and Harmonic Filter
Transmitter Audio Processing
The microphone audio input signal is applied to the radio microphone input (AUDIO_IN1) and is derived from an
external microphone and pre-amplifier that provides a typical speech signal level of 40mV RMS. U801A is a control
gate that switches between AUDIO_ IN 1 an d O P TION_AUDIO1 to provide external audio options and data inp ut.
U801C provides CODEC input switching which selects either the receiver “I” signal or transmitter audio/data
signals depending on the Tx/Rx mode. All pre-emphasis, filtering, compression and limiting processes for narrow
and wideband operation, are carried out in the DSP after A-D conversion by CODEC (U800). The processed
transmitter audio/data from the CODEC o utput at VOUTR, is applied to the VCO as a modulation signal with a
level of approximately 200mV P/P via AF Switch (U801B).
Refer to Figure 3-3.
The frequency synthesiser consists of the RX VCO, the second local oscillator VCO (90MHz), loop filters, varactor
positive bias generator, reference oscillator, external divider and an integrated fractional N phase locked loop IC
(U721).
3.3.2
The PLL is a high performance delta-sigma fractional-N device with an auxiliary integer-N PLL (U721).
The PLL contains two prescalers, programmable dividers and phase comparators, to provide a main and an
auxiliary PLL. The main PLL of U721 controls the frequency of the RX VCO via CPRF at pin 1 and VCO feedback
to FINRF at pin 4. The auxiliary PLL is use d to contro l the rec eiver 9 0MHz s econd LO VC O via C PIF at pin 16 a nd
VCO feedback to FINIF at pin 13. The PLL operation involves the external frequency divider (U760) dividing the
15.36MHz reference oscillator by 32 to produce a PLL input reference of 480kHz; this reference is used directly by
the RF PLL phase detector. The RX VCO frequency is sa mpled and divided down and compared to the refe rence
frequency. Any error pr oduces an offset to the control voltage o utput that is used to c orrect the VCO freque ncy. A
valid lock detect output is derived from LD pin 12 and is sampled by the PLA. During transmit, if an unlocked signal
is detected, the radio will switch back to receive mode. An unlock ed signal in receive mode will cause the radio to
beep.
For the IF PLL, the input reference is divided by 4 to produce a 120kHz phase comparator reference, which is a
sub-multipleof the 90MHz second LO VCO.
3.3.3
The main RX VCO uses a low noise bipolar transistor (Q623) and associated parts to generate signal frequencies
from 896MHz to 960MHz . Electronic tuning is provided by varactor diode (D610) with its c ontrol voltage derived
from the Loop Filter, PLL and +16 volt Bias Generator. VCO buffer (Q631 and Q632) isolates the VCO from any
load variations from its following circuits. The active power supply filter (Q622) minimises any supply related noise.
A PLL feedback signal is returned from the VCO buffer output via amplifier Q640.
The 90MHz receiver second LO VCO comprises Q730 and associated parts. Automatic tuning is achieved by
applying a control voltage to D73 0 an d D731, via Loop Filter R718, R719, R720, C732, C733 and C734.
General
PLL
VCOs
3.3.4
A positive bias voltage for varactor D610, has been used to achieve the required broadband tuning range of the
VCO. PLL device, U721, is programmed to deliver a nominal +1.65V output from phase detector/charge pump
CPRF, for any channel frequency selected. The CPRF voltage is filtered by the Loop Filter comprising C605,
C607, C607a, C609a, R609 and R612; the loop filter removes any synthesiser noise or reference products. The
resulting low noise c ontrol voltage is applied to the anode side of VCO var actor. The cathode voltage o f D610 is
controlled by the output of voltage level translator Q780, Q781, Q782 and Q783. The level translator supply
voltage is +16V, which is provided by U904E/F. The leve l translator output voltage is accurately c ontrolled by the
PLA/DSP from values stored during VCO alignment. This voltage is varied versus frequency to maintain a typical
CPRF value of +1.65V.
3.3.5
The modulation path for audio, data and higher frequency CTCSS signals is via varactor D610 and associated
components. The reference input to the PLL (REFIN) provides the low frequency modulation path via a phase
modulator.
The phase modulator comprises the following sections:
- Integrator U761A is a low p ass filter pr oviding 6dB per octave attenuation to frequencies above approximately
- Divider U760 divides the 15.36MHz reference frequency down to 480kHz.
- Ramp generator Q771 and Q772 provides a sawtooth output, the slope of which is adjustable
Positive Bias Generator and Loop Filter
Phase Modulator
10Hz.
via the MOD_BAL line. This adjustment is set via a D AC output controlled from the Alignment Tool.
Adjustment of the ramp slope effectively changes the Phase Modulator gain by modification of the
Schmitt Trigger switching points after modulation from the Integrator is combined to the sawtooth ramp.
The divided reference s ignal is differentiated and discha rges C778 via Q771, after which Q771 is turned off
allowing C778 to recharge via constant current source Q772.
The Schmitt Trigger comprising Q774, Q775 and Q776, converts the modulation combined with the sawtooth
ramp, to a square wave output, th e d uty cycle of which is controlled by the ramp slope and modulation.
The Modulation Balance adjus tment is carried out usin g a CODEC-generated 100 Hz square wave applied to
the TX_MOD input and set to give an optimum demodulated square wave output.
Reference Oscillators
3.3.6
Two TCXOs are used as optional reference freq ue ncies for carrier frequency generation and also to provide the
DSP clock. U711 is the principal TCXO and oper ates at 15.36MHz and U712 is the alternate TCXO and operates at
approximately 15.359767MHz. The alternate TCXO (U712) is frequency shifted to avoid specific receiver
interference products. U711 and U712 are sele cte d by the REF_SHIFT line, which controls the complementary
switch (Q711 and Q712). The outputs of U711 and U712 are connected to the PLL reference divider (U760) and to
the input of U701, a high frequency PLL, the output of which provides the DSP clock signal.
The carrier frequency adjustments for U711 and U712 are achieved by setting the ADJ voltage by using the
Alignment Tool. In addition, the ADJ in put is used in a frequency control loop with the re ceiver I and Q signals, to
provide receiver AFC. The TCXOs are specified at ±1.5ppm frequency stability over the temperature range -30° to
+75°C.
The SRM9000 transceiver operates und er the co ntrol of a DSP (U201 ) and PLA (U300) combinatio n that, together
with a number of other dedicated de vices, perform all the operational and processing functions re quired by the
radio. The PLA is configured by the DSP under software control to provide the following functions:
ONTROL
DSP and PLA
• Channel set-up of all operating frequencies
• Modulation processing and filtering
• De-modulation pr oce ssing and filtering
• Tx power output reference
Modulation Balance adjustment
•
• Receiver front-end tuning
• Serial communications with alignment tool, microphone and control head
• Modem functionality for data modulation
• All signalling / CTCSS generation and decoding
• Receiver muting control
• TCXO/ Alternate TCXO select
• RSSI / AGC control
• AFC
• Tx / Rx switching and PTT con tr ol
• PLL lock detect
• Audio switching
• Power On/Off control
• Interface functio na lit y with Option Boards and External Devices
• Battery voltage and Tx current monitor
3.4.2
The PLA must supply several analog signals to control radio tuning. It does this with several Pulse Width
Modulated (PWM) outputs.
The front-end tune signals (TUN E1 and TUNE2) originate from the PL A in the form of PWM signals. The values
for these signals are stored in flash memory from radio alignment and are selected depending on the channel that
the radio is currently tuned to. The PWM signals are integrated by RC networks to provide the analog tuning
voltages for the varicap tuning diodes.
Other analog PWM derived signals used are transmitter power (TX_PWR), PLL varicap bias (VCAP_ADJ),
receiver IF gain (IF_GAIN), Automatic Fr equency Control (AFC), AFC Switched (AFC_SW), VCO automatic level
control (VCO_ALC) and modulation balance (MOD_BAL).
Analog inputs are monitored by four comparators comprising U301A-D and a ramp generator, the ramp being
derived from a PWM signal from the PLA.
Analog voltages to be monitored such as PLL Loop Voltage (LOOP_VOLTS), battery voltage (BAT_SENSE),
transmitter current (CURRENT_SENSE) and external sense (EXT_SENSE) are connected to the inverting inputs.
The analog voltages are compared with the ramp voltage as they increase, and the comparator switches at the
point where the input voltage exc eeds the ramp. The PL A compares the time at which th is occurs with the PWM
signal and converts it to a binary value.
3.5 MEMORY
Memory consists of the internal DSP memory and an external 8MB non-volatile Flash Memory (U202). When
power is off, all program SW and data are retained in Flas h Memory. At powe r-on, a boot pro gram download s the
DSP and PLA SW from Flash Memory to their internal RAMs for faster program execution and access to data. PLA
SW is loaded by the factory into the Flash Memory and can be updated via the Alignment Tool. DSP SW
comprises Start-up code that is also loaded by the factory. High-level software comprising Operational Code and
Customer Configuration are loaded at distribution centres and are loaded via the FPP Programmer.
The unregulated 13.8V DC input (13V8_UNSW_F) is routed directly to all high current devices and is then
switched via FET (Q900 ) to provide BAT_SW supply for all other circuits. The output fr om Q900 feeds three low
dropout series regulators and switched battery voltage. These regulated supplies power auxiliary supplies as well
as the negative and positive voltage gener ators. The radio ON/OFF func tion is achieved thr ough Q902, Q908 and
Q909. A low voltage pulse from the control u nit or microphone handset PWR ON or PWR OFF momentarily turns
on Q900/Q908 for approximately 1 sec . In th is time, th e radio DSP samples the PWR_SENSE line and determines
the state of the on-off switch. If the on-off switch is on, the DSP raises the PWR_OFF line and latches the main
FET (Q900) on, which then maintains power to the ra dio circuitry.
The Power-off operation r equires the On-Off switch to be turned off for more than 2 seconds. If th e On-Off switch
is sensed going low by the DSP via the PWR_SENSE line, the DSP will save radio settings and then lower the
PWR_OFF line, thereby turning Q900 off.
3.6.2
The following is a list of the SRM9000 power supplies and some of the devices and circu its they supply.
3.6.2.1 8V Regulator U900
Regulated 8.0V supply (8V RF)
Regulated 8.0V switched supply (5V RX )
Power On Function
Power Supplies
• Tx buffers Q521, Q531a
• VCOs and VCO buffers via active filter Q622
Rx front end
•
• IF Amplifier
• Various switching funct ion s
3.6.2.2 5V Regulator U901
Regulated 5.0V supply (5V A, 5V D, 5V RF and 5V RFF)
• Synthesizer buffer Q640
• VCO varactor positiv e supply Q780 to Q783
• TCXOs U711 and U712
• TCXO divider U760
• Rx audio amplifiers U802/U803
Rx mute switch Q810 to Q813
•
Regulated 5.0V switched supply (5V TX an d Tx PSU+)
Preparing the radio for alignment will erase from the radio all customer PMR and Trunking
configuration data (channel, signalling information etc). The only data retained by the Alignment
Tool is the factory alignment data for the radio (DAC settings for Tx power, front-end tuning, etc).
Using the Alignment Tool will allow changes to the original factory alignment and will invalidate
If the radio contains customer configuration data that must be retained, you
Personality Programmer (FPP) software to read all radio configuration files and save them on to alternative media
before
When the Alignment is completed, use the FPP software to retrieve the stored data and write it back to the radio.
It is preferred that the radio remain in st alled in its aluminium extruded case throughout this alignment procedure. If
the radio is to be aligned when remove d f rom the case, a temporary heat sink must be fitted under the Transmitter
PA module and the receiver output must be kept below 100mW.
Note. Final Tx power adjustments must be pe rf ormed with the radio board installed in the chassis.
Each transceiver will need to be individually tested and to have the resultant calibration data stored within it. This
data cannot be modified by the user or by the normal customisation (eg. channel frequency, selcall ID etc.)
process. It is set during the manufacturin g process and may be modified for maintenance purposes by use of the
Alignment Tool.
For customer channels between each pair of test frequencies, an interpolation is automatically carried out to
determine the correct DAC values at the relevant frequency for the above calibration parameters.
all warranties and guarantees unless performed by an authorised level 3 service centre.
commencing the alignment procedure.
Caution
must first
use the SRM/SRP
For all of the following alignment procedures it is assumed that the radio is connected to a Comms. Analyser or
equivalent collection of test e qu i pment. The alignment is performed at room temperature, with a 50Ω termination
on the antenna connector and with a po wer supply set to give 13.2V at the radio connector.
Warning
The RF power output from the transmitter during these tests can cause burns and can be dangerous to
some discrete items of test equipment, hence power attenuators may be needed. Also the heat generated
inside the radio after a long period of transmission can be hazardous.
On a set that has not previously been calibrated or in which the calibration has been corrupted, preset parameters
should be initially loaded into the radio for optimum alignment, after which the calibration steps must be carri ed out
in the following order. These preset parameters may be obtained by reading a previously aligned radio or by
loading predetermined default values.
A number of aspects of the radio need to have calibration data determined and stored during manufacture and
subsequently used by the S/W during normal operation. These must be aligned in the following order:
• Tx and Rx VCO
• TCXO’s
• Tx power
• VCO ALC
• Tx modulation (deviation and then mod balance)
• Rx and Tx filter tuning
• Rx mute
• RSSI
• Tx Current Limit
4.1.1
1 Radio transceiver test set CMS-50 Comms. Analyser or similar.
2 Variable DC power supply 10.8V to 16.3V current limited to 7.5 amps.
3 Oscilloscope 20 MHz bandwidth minimum
4 SRM9000 Programming & Alignment Lead P/N MAR-PROGLEAD
5 SRM9000 Radio Test Interface Unit P/N TBD
6 Personal Computer 486 DX 66 or better.
7 SRM/SRP Alignment Tool Computer Software file
8 SRM/SRP Field Personality Programmer (FPP) Computer Software file
9 SRM9000 Battery Cable
10 RF coax double shielded – N Type male to TNC male.
Test Equipment
Note. For alternative equipment , the Mod
Balance test requires internal DC coupling
between the demodulated signal and
demodulation output connector.
Operating system Windows 95 or later.
Minimum RAM - 16MB.
5MB free hard disk space.
Floppy drive - 1.44MB.
Mouse and serial port required
The table below defines the preset align men t settings for the radio DAC’s. These will be programmed into the radio
prior to performing an initial alignment. The
Power_Ramp_Low_Power_Down_0
Power_Ramp_Low_Power_Down_1
Power_Ramp_Low_Power_Down_2
Power_Ramp_Low_Power_Down_3
Power_Ramp_Low_Power_Down_4
Power_Ramp_Low_Power_Down_5
Power_Ramp_Low_Power_Down_6
Power_Ramp_Low_Power_Down_7
Power_Ramp_Low_Power_Down_8
Power_Ramp_Low_Power_Down_9
Note 1. These values are automatically set and should equal Synth_DAC_TX_Low_RP and
Choose
configuration and use the FPP software to
read and save the data to a file.
Choose
step 3.
3 The radio alignment data is read (indicated
by percentage bar) and stored.
The test alignment data is downloaded into
the radio.
Note: In test alignment mode the radio is configured only for 12.5 kHz channel spacing. Therefore all alignment
N
Y
is carried out at 12.5 kHz levels. When the radio is configured with the FPP for other channel spacings,
the deviation related levels are calculated on a per channel basis by the radio software.
is displayed.
if you want to save the
o
if you want to proceed and go to
es
4.1.12
Radio alignment must be done in the sequence d et ailed in the following paragraphs. This alignment assumes that
the radio is functioning normally.
4.1.13
ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE
VCO DAC Alignment
The frequencies generated by the Tx a nd Rx VCO’s are determined by the synthesiser loop output for fine control
and by a DAC setting for coarse control. The DAC needs calibrating at each of four test frequencies. No calibration
is necessary for the receiver 2nd LO.
During this procedure, the alignment program puts the radio into a special mode in which it ignores the ‘out of
lock’ signal from the synthesiser.
The optimum radio case temperature fo r TCXO alignment is around 25°C although a temperature between 20°C
TCXO DAC Alignment
and 30°C is permissible. If the radio has be en allowed to exceed this range during previous transmit
cycles, it should be allowed to cool until it is within the permissible range.
Calibration procedure
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Select the
Select
Adjust the
Select “
Adjust the
Deselect “
Deselect
Mute/TCXO
.
PTT
TCXO
Set Alternate TCXO
TCXO
Set Alternate TCXO”.
.
PTT
page.
slider to ensure that the transmit frequency error is within 50Hz of 824.925000MHz.
”.
slider to ensure that the transmit frequency error is within 50Hz of 824.912500MHz.
The transmitter output power can be programmed to three power ranges: 1W, 5W and 27.5W by the
appropriate setting.
Note 1: Care should be taken not to set th e output power and hence supply current to excessive levels, ie.
above 30W or 7.5A, since the higher heat dissipation involved may effect component reliability.
Note 2: Also, the antenna connector should be terminated directly into the Comms. Analyser for this test to
minimise VSWR effects that could affect settings.
Note 2: Repeat the following steps as quickly as possible to avoid excessive heating the radio, which may
affect calibration.
Note 3: The Tx Current Limit setting prov id es a maximum current limit into the RF PA module to protect it in
the event of high dissipation as a result of inadequate drive power being applied relative to the Power DAC
setting or high VSWR’s
Calibration procedure
1
Select
Tx Power/Mod
2
Select
Channel 0
3
Select the 1W power level.
4
Press the
5
Adjust the
6 Repeat step 5 for the remaining 3 Channels (1, 2, & 3).
Adjust the
9 Repeat step 8 for the remaining 3 Channels (2, 1& 0).
10
Select the
11
Adjust the
Note that the supply current is less than 7.5A.
12 Repeat step 11 for t he re maining 3 Channels (1, 2, & 3).
13
Press
current limit.
14
The
Tx Final Value
power level.
27.5W
Tx Final Value
Calibrate TX PA Current
will automatically dekey after this procedure.
PTT
4.1.18
All microphone levels are referenced to the audio lev el output display ed on t he Comms. A nalyser an d based on <10Ω
source impedance.
NOTE
Interface Adaptor.
General
Dual point modulation is used and there are t wo settings that need adjusting to meet deviation requirement s. The
modulation alignment is set up for 12. 5 kHz chan ne l spacing. For customer configurations of other channel
spacings, the modulation alignment is automatically adjusted for those settings.
Tx Modulation DAC Alignment
: This audio signal is fed to the radio input via a series 470Ω resisto r and 47uF cap acitor in t he Audio/ Serial
slider for a power output of 5W.
slider for a power output of 27.5W.
button and follow the prompt to automatically set the maximum
Note that when measuring deviation at 60% MSD the average of the + and − readings should be used. When
measuring maximum deviation, th e hig he r of the + and – readings should be used.
A summary of common radio terms and some other terms used in this document, and their meanings, are given
below.
ADC
AFC
AGC
Alarm
ANI
Auto Interrogate
Automatic Power
Automatic Volume
Busy
Analog to Digital Converter.
Automatic Frequency Control.
Automatic Gain Control.
A Selcall sequence sent from subscriber equipment to indicate an Emergency situation.
When activated the radio will enter a repeating sequence consisting of an Alarm Live
Transmit Time and an Alarm Dead Receive Time.
Certain special conditions for the radio may also occur during the alarm.
A dedicated SFM (trunked system) that is sent by pressing the Alarm Key.
Automatic Number Identification.
An Acknowledge identity sent as a response t o an in div idual reset call.
Feature whereby the transmit power is automatically set to a level determined by the
level of the received signal. This is used to extend the battery life and/or reduce radiated
emissions.
Feature whereby the background audio level is monitored and if this is found to be noisy
then the volume level is increased to compensate, allowing the user to hear better.
The state of a channel such that:
• For a non-sign alling channel - if Busy this means that the carrier is above squelch.
• For a channel with CTCSS/DCS - if Busy this means a signal is being received with
either no CTCSS tone / DCS code or the correct CTCSS tone /DCS code.
• For a channel with Selcall - if Busy this means a closed channel where the signal is
above squelch.
A feature that equates to 'Do Not Disturb' such that the radio will reject all non-
emergency calls. This feature can be activated using the Busy key (if assigned) or from a
menu; it is reset to disabled at switch on.
C4FM
Call Back
Channel Spacing
Clipboard
Closed
CODEC
Compatible 4-Level Frequency Modulation.
A request, sent by the dispatcher, to a unit requesting that the unit calls the dispatcher
back.
The distance (in kHz) between the defi n ed frequency channels.
A temporary storage area in Windows used t o st ore data in cut, copy and paste
operations.
A state where transmit and receive are no t a llowed until a Selcall message to open the
channel has been received. A Closed Channe l is on e which defaults (when selected or
after timed reset) to its closed state. Contrast with Open. Normally a Closed channel
would have Selcall Mute and PTT Inhibit wou ld be enabled.
COde (Analog to Digital Converter) / DECode (Digital to Analog Converter).
A communications set-up whereby diff er ent groups of radios can operate by using only
one base station. This is achieved by th e use of CTCSS tone signalling such that each
group has a different CTCSS tone (en cod e and decode) and radios can only
communicate with other radios in their group. Only one group of radios can use the base
station at any one time.
Central Repair Unit
CTCSS stands for Continuous Tone Controlled Signalling System. A continuous tone
(lower than the audio range of the receiver) is modulated onto the carrier as well as other
signalling or voice traffic. Compare with DCS. Only receivers that have been instructed to
recognise the same CTCSS tone are able to receive the transmissions, since the squelch
of receivers looking for different CTCSS tones prevents the audio from being heard. This
provides a simple method of sending messages to select e d re ceiv e rs on ly and allows
several different networks to use the same frequencies. CTCSS is also known as Tone
Lock or Tone Squelch.
Digital to Analog Converter.
Digits known as 'No Tone' digits used in Selcall Id en tities.
Digital Coded Squelch system is based on sendin g a continuous stream of binary code
words using, low deviation, direct frequ ency shift keying. Only receivers that have been
instructed to recognise the same DCS sequence are able to open their squelch and
receive the associated speech transmissions. This provides a sim ple met ho d of se nd ing
messages to selected receivers only and allow s sev eral different networks to use the
same frequencies.
Decode
Disabled
DSP
DTMF
Dual Watch
Economiser
Enabled
Encode
External Alert
Reception of signalling. Either Selcall where encoded tone frequencies are decoded and
identified as specific tones digits or CTCS S/DCS where tones are analysed to see if the
channel should be opened.
The 'False' state of a parameter. That indicates this parameter is not active. Typically this
state is represented by an unmarked check box. Compare with Enabled.
Digital Signal Processor.
Abbreviation of Dual Tone Multi-Frequency signalling. Used to dial into Telephone
networks using tone dialling.
A facility that enables the Radio to perio dica lly monitor another channel for a signal
above squelch. Typically applications a re ch eckin g an emergency channel whilst on
another channel.
A process by which the Receiver is powered down whilst there is no received signal.
Periodically the receiver is powered up to check for such a signal. This is used to extend
the battery life.
The 'True' state of a parameter. That indicates this paramete r is active. Typically this
state is represented by a mark (either a tick or a cross) in a check box. Compare with
Disabled.
Transmission of signalling. Either Selcall where Selcall tone digits are encoded into tone
frequencies or CTCSS/DCS where tones modulated onto the channel's carrier.
A facility for switching on various ancillary device s to mee t cu sto m er's ind iv i du al
requirements (e.g. car horn, flashing lamp etc.) when 'called'.
Only available on a mobile radio. To make available: go to Hardware Components,
Terminal Settings and set Product Type to a Mobile type.
Fallback
A mode of operation that may be ente re d when the Network is suffering a malfunction.
During this mode certain facilities (e.g. PSTN) may not be available.
which allows for the finite delay of the radio equipment in responding to an y radio signal.
Time
Fast Frequency Shift Keying. This is a signalling system for the transfer of digital
information. It works by using one of two audio tones to represent transmit data..
A group of units formed such that only a shortened form of dialling (2 or 3 digits) is
required between them. These groups are normally assigned contiguous ident's.
Programmable Logic Array.
Field Personality Programmer.
These digits are used for two purposes:
• For Selcall identities (encode and decod e) - known as User Id digits. These digits are
replaced by the user id entered at switch on (if enabled)
Use in DTMF dialled strings - their use is network dependent to access special services.
•
Name given to a sequence of tones which is used in sequential tone signalling. See Valid
Selcall Digits.
The state of the radio when it is not in a call .
A state of a channel such that it is unavailable to the user through normal methods of
channel selection. Therefore inaccessible channels will not appear on the channel menu.
A delay incorporated into the start of every selective call or DTMF transmission
This includes both the commencement time of the originating transmitter and the
response time of the receiver.
Locked
Null Id
Open
PABX
Password
PLL
PMR
Priority Channel
PSD
PSTN
PTT
A state of a channel whereby it is not possible to change channels using the normal
up/down keys on the channel menu until th e O K key is pressed. See Auto Channel
Selection Lock.
A Selcall identity that is not defined and whose tones' field is displayed as a blank.
A state where transmit and receive are allo we d. The channel is no longer open when
reset. Contrast with Closed.
Normally an Open channel would not have Selcall Mute and PTT Inhibit would be
disabled.
Private Automatic Branch Exchan ge .
An optional password system available on the radio. This feature is only available if the
radio has a display and a keypad. To make available: go to Hardware Components,
Terminal Settings and set Product Type to one which has a display and a keypad.
Phased Locked Loop.
Private Mobile Radio (not normally trunke d).
A channel in a search group that is scanned be tween every other channel.
Peak System Deviation.
Public Switched Telephone Network.
Press To Talk. This is the term given to the operator’s key normally used to commence
transmitting a message.
PTT Inhibit
PWM
A state whereby transmission using the PTT is no t allowed. Also know as Tx Lockout.
Pulse Width Modulation.
Normally this is generated from a high stability crystal oscillator reference and is divided
digitally in a frequency synthesiser for comparison with other frequency sources, e.g. a
VCO.
A selcall tone that is used to replace repeated tones. Fixed at tone E.
Example: An identity entered as '12333' would be sent by the radio as '123E3'.
Resetting is caused by Three Tone Reset, a Remo te Reset, an Individual reset or a
Group reset (Call Types in Decode Identity). When a radio is reset the effect on the radio
will be as follows:
• Any Call Alerts will be stopped
• The Call LED flashing will stop
If the channel is in Open mode then the channel is closed
•
• The PTT is optionally inhibited see PTT Inhibit After Reset Sequence.
• In searching - if paused on a selcall channel then searching resumes
• If the Acknowledge property of a Decode Identity is set to 'Auto Interrogate' or
'Transpond & Auto Interrogate' then the Auto Interrogate encode identity is transmitted.
Received Signal Strength Indicator.
Process of switching between the channels in t he nominated search group in cyclic
sequence, stopping when the search condit ion (which may be to look for either a free or
a busy channel) is satisfied.
Search Group
Selcall
Selcall Mute
Selcall System
Sidetone
Simplex
Squelch
Star (*) digits
Status
A group of channels that are either scanned for a signal above the search threshold or
are compared and voted for the stro ngest signal
Selective Calling - a system of signalling which allows 'dialling up' of specific mobiles,
portables and controllers. Such a syst em ma y be used to pass messages as a data
message to a specific user or group of users. It can be used to provide remote switching
facilities and to provide access control into community repeaters or similar devices.
A state of the audio gate whereby the loudspeaker is muted (closed).
Sel
ective Calling, uses a tone sequence at the start, and end , of a call to control which
members of a fleet react to the transmission.
Sidetone is the audio which can be (optio na lly ) heard when Selcall, DTMF and toneburst
transmissions are made.
Mode of operation whereby the radio operates as a conventional fixed channel radio
outside the Trunking network.
System used to prevent weak, unintelligible signals and random noise from being heard
by a radio operator while still allowing int elli gib l e sig na ls to be received normally. This is
accomplished by the use of a threshold below which any received signals are ignored.
Only signals whose signal-to-noise ra tio is above the squelch level cause the audio
circuits of the radio to be enabled, with the result tha t only s atisfactory signals are
received. The squelch level is specified in SINAD.
Digits known as Status or Message digits. These digits are used for three purposes:
• Status Digits for Selcall Identities
• Wildcard digits in Status strings
• Use in DTMF dialled strings - their use is network dependen t to access spe cial services.
A feature whereby a radio's status (or usually the status of the radio's user) can be
transmitted and a status message from other radios can be displayed. This operates
through status digits in Selcall ident ities. Either in Encode Identities or Decode Identities
as follows:
Encode Identities: Status digits within the identity are used to transmit the current
situation of the radio's user (e.g. "Out To Lunch").
Decode Identities: Status digi ts are looked up in a table (Status Menu) for possible
messages to display.
SW
TCXO
Three Tone Reset
Tone Burst
Transpond
Tx Inhibit
User Identity
VCO
Vote
Voting
Software.
Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator.
This is a system whereby a call to a user automatically reset all other users in a group.
Example: a call to user '12345' would call 12345 and reset all other users on this channel
with an identity 123nn where n can be any digit 0-9, A-F.
An audio tone is transmitted at the start of transmission to inform a relay (repeater)
station to switch itself on to relay the transmissi on .
An Acknowledge identity sent as a response t o an in div idual call.
A facility which prevents the user from tr an smitting,(other than alarms), while the channel
is Busy.
This is a sequence of up to four digits enter ed by the user when the Radio is switched
on, if this option is programmed. These digits are then substituted into any transmitted
Selcall identity which includes # digits.
Voltage Controlled Oscillator.
Method used to compare the signal strength on a current channel with another specified
channel and then to choose the channel having the stronger signal.
Feature used during searching when there is more than one channel that satisfies the
required conditions. It involves examining all the channels that satisfy the required
conditions, and then selecting the channel with the highest signal strength.