SILFAB ONTARIO SLAXXXM3A/SLAXXXM, SLGXXXM3G/SLGXXXM, SLGXXXP3G/SLGXXXP, SLAXXXP3A/SLAXXXP Safety And Installation Manual

SILFAB ONTARIO INC.

SAFETY and INSTALLATION MANUAL

SLAXXXM3A/SLAXXXM, SLAXXXP3A/SLAXXXP,

Photovoltaic Modules:

SLGXXXM3G/SLGXXXM, SLGXXXP3G/SLGXXXP

Document Number: MAN-SFO-02 Revision Date: April 2, 2013

SAFETY AND INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

CONTENTS

1. General Information ...................................................................................................... 3

2. Disclaimer of Liability .................................................................................................... 4

3. Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Listing Information ................................................................. 4

4. Limited Warranty ......................................................................................................... 4

5. Module Specification ..................................................................................................... 4

6. Safety Precautions ........................................................................................................ 5

7. Installation ................................................................................................................. 7

8. Use and Maintenance ................................................................................................... 13

9. Packaging, Handling and Storage of Modules ....................................................................... 15

10. Appendix 1 – Electrical Specifications .............................................................................. 18

SAFETY NOTICE

This Safety and Installation Manual provides important safety information relating to the
installation, maintenance and handling of Silfab SLA and SLG modules. Professional installers,
operation & maintenance technicians, and system users/owners should read this manual carefully
and strictly follow t he in st r uc ti o n s. Fai lu re to fo llo w t he se inst ru ctions may result in de at h,
injury or property damage, and possible void of warranty.

Warning: All i nst ruc tions sh ou ld b e rea d and un derst oo d be fore a ttemp tin g to in sta ll, wi re, op era te
and/or maintain the module. Module interconnects pass direct current (DC) when exposed to
sunlight or other light sources. Contact with electrically active parts of the module, such as
terminals, can result in injury or death, whether the module is connected or disconnected.

Avertissement : Toutes les instructions devront être lues et comprises avant de procéder à
l’installation, le câblage, l’exploitation et/ou l’entretien des panneaux. Les interconnexions des
panneaux conduisent du courant continu (CC) lorsque le panneau est exposé à la lumière du soleil
ou à d’autres sources lumineuses. Tout contact avec des éléments sous tension du panneau tels que
ses bornes d e sort ie pe ut en traî ner de s blessu res ou la mo rt, que le panneau soit connecté ou non.

© 2011-2013 Silfab Ontario Inc. - Specifications in this manual are subject to revisions without notice

2

SAFETY AND INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR

1. General Information

The photovoltaic (PV) modules SILFAB
SLAXXXM3A/SLAXXXM, SLAXXXP3A/SLAXXXP (‘SLA’)
and SLGXXXM3G/SLGXXXM, SLGXXXP3G/SLGXXXP
(‘SLG’) are devices that produce electrical energy
by converting the sunlight’s radiation reaching
their surface, when appropriately exposed, into
continuous/direct current (DC).

The SLA/SLG modules are intended to be used
only and exclusively in photovoltaic module
systems connected to the electrical grid;
therefore, it is not recommended to use them in
battery powered photovoltaic module systems
(stand alone).

The rated currents at Standard Test Conditions
(STC) of the SLA/SLG modules are variable
depending on the model and the relative power
rating, as indicated in the respective technical
data sheets. Most of the electrical parameters of
the modules, specified in the datasheets, are
determinable only by using special
instrumentation in the laboratory; therefore, only
some of them are measurable outside of a lab,
using common instrumentation (voltmeter,

ammeter, solarimeter/pyranometer).

It is possible, following very precise procedures,
to carry out electrical measurements of voltage
and current as snapshots, which enable you to
monitor the operation of the modules and
determine possible, although rare, anomalies.

The electrical output parameters for SLA/SLG
modules, of technical importance during the
operation, installation and maintenance, are the
following:

• Voltage at open circuit (V

• Current at short circuit (I

• Voltage at point of maximum power (Vp

• Current at point of maximum power (Ip

• Solar radiation in W/m

• Temperature of the cells

)

oc

)

sc

2

at the time

max

max

)

)

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

The general performance of the modules is heavily
dependent on the intensity of the incident solar
radiation, as illustrated in Fig.1. Acheiving
maximum performance requires proper
installation, with the modules oriented towards
the South and their surface exposed as
perpendicularly possible to the incident rays of
the sun.

Fig. 1: IV curve at different irradiance

Avoid any shading caused by obstacles in and
around the area of installation as shading can
cause loss of output.

A high ambient temperature and therefore, an
increased operational temperature of the
modules, also contribute to a proportional
reduction in electrical performance.

In order to optimize the production of electical
energy of the modules, and therefore of the
system connected to an electrical grid, it is the
responsibility of the installer to make sure the
modules are positioned as much as possible faci ng

south, with the tilt angle (β) (inclination of the

surface of the modules in respect to the ground,
as shown in Fig.2) optimal for the type of desi red
application.

© 2011-2013 Silfab Ontario Inc. - Specifications in this manual are subject to revisions without notice

3

SAFETY AND INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR

East

β

South

Fig. 2: Orientation Vs. Azimuth

The tilt angle of ideal average throughout Ontario,
Canada is β = 30°; however, even the inclination
typical the roof of a dwelling (β = 15-20°), being
already an inclined plane, could make the angle
acceptable, if not ideal, for the installation of
coplanar modules on it (using a special standard
structure for support).

Depending on the variation of the tilt angle of the
modules with respect to the ground, or of their
orientation in relation to facing south (Azimuth),
there will be changes in the annual average
amount of energy produced by the modules
themselves, and therefore, of the plant c onnected
to the network to which they are linked.

© 2011-2013 Silfab Ontario Inc. - Specifications in this manual are subject to revisions without notice

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

2. Disclaimer of Liability

Since the methods of system design, installation
techniques, handling and use of this product are
beyond company control; SILFAB does not assume
responsibility and expressly disclaims liabi lity, for
loss, damage or expense resulting from improper
installation, handling or use.

3. Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
Listing Information

This product meets or exceeds the requirements
set forth by UL 1703 for PV Modules. This UL
Standard covers flat-plate PV modules and panels
intended for installation on buildings or those
intended to be freestanding. To satisfy the listing
for this product the modules must be mounted
with a rack or standoff structure. The UL listing
does not include integration into a building
surface because additional requirements may
apply. This product is not intended for use where

artificially concentrated sunlight is applied to the
module.

4. Limited Warranty

Please refer to SILFAB General Terms and
Conditions of Sale for details of the modules’
limited warranty. Failure to comply with this
Safety and Installation Manual will invalidate
SILFAB Warranty for the PV modules as stated in
the General Terms and Conditions of Sale.

5. Module Specification

Please refer to the technical datasheet for the
module SILFAB SLA or SLG respectively for
electrical performance data. These el ectrical data
are measured under Standard Test Conditions
(STC) of 1000 W/m
of 1.5 spectrum, and a cell temperature of 25°C.

2

irradiance, with Air Mass (AM)

4

SAFETY AND INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR

6. Safety Precautions

Installation should be performed only by

authorized personnel!

Module installation must be performed in

compliance with the latest U.S. National
Electrical Code (NEC) in the USA or with the
latest Canadian Electrical Code and any
applicable local codes.

Within the modules there are no user

serviceable parts. Do not attempt to repair any
part of the modules. Contact your module
supplier if maintenance is necessary.

In order to reduce the risk of electric shock,

prior to installing the modules, remove
metallic jewelry and use insulated tools during
installation.

Modules produce voltage even when not

connected to an electrical c ircuit or load and
have no on/off switch. Modules can be
rendered inoperative only by removing them
from sunlight, or by fully covering their front
surface with cloth, cardboard, or other
completely opaque material, or by working
with them face down on a smooth, flat
surface.

Do not expose the modules to artificially

concentrated sunlight!

Do not stand on, drop, scratch, or allow

objects to fall on the modules.

Do not lift the modules at the connectors or

junction box!

Do not install or handle the modules when they

are wet or during periods of high winds.

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

Do not use oil based lubricants on any part of

the junction box as this can cause long term
damage to the plastics.

Ensure that wire cable connec tions are routed

in accordance with the junction box
manufacturer’s recommendations. Incorrect
routing of the wire cable can lead to stress
damage to the junction box.

Do not leave cable connectors exposed in

adverse climatic conditions. Water and dust
deposits inside the cable connectors can c ause
long term damage.

Broken module glass, a torn backsheet, a

broken junction box or broken connectors are
electrical safety hazards; consequently,
contact with a damaged module can cause
electric shock.

The total voltage of modules connected in

series corresponds to the sum of the voltages
of the single modules; whereas connecting the
modules in parallel results in adding up the
currents. Consequently, strings of inter­connected modules can produce high voltages
and high currents and constitute an increased
risk of electric shock and may cause injury or
death.

For installation, maintenance, or before

making any electrical connection or
disconnection, ensure all modules in the PV

array are exposed to a light inte nsity that is
less than 400 W/m

2

!! Follow the Isc

measurement instructions in section 8b to
determine the value of the solar irradiance
(E).

• Methods to ensure a low solar irradiance
when making electrical connections or
disconnections include:
o Covering the modules with an opaque

cloth or other material in order to
shield them from exposure to light

© 2011-2013 Silfab Ontario Inc. - Specifications in this manual are subject to revisions without notice

5

SAFETY AND INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

intensity greater than 400 W/m2.
Opaque material can be supplied by
Silfab upon request.

o Making the connections during hours of

low intensity of solar irradiance (such
as early morning or late afternoon).

o Making the connections with the

modules tilted perpendicular to the
sun, to increase shading between the
strings thus decreasing solar irradiance.

© 2011-2013 Silfab Ontario Inc. - Specifications in this manual are subject to revisions without notice

6

SAFETY AND INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR

7. Installation

7a) Module Mounting

The module is class C fire rated.
When installing Silfab modules, local building

code requirements and regulations must be
adhered to at all times. In particular, in case
of roof mounting, fire protection must be
compatible with the class C fire rating (ie. fire
resistant roofing materials). Class C rating is to
be maintained when mounting the modules at
any inclination angle.

Sufficient ventilation of the module backside is

required f or maintain the Class C fires rating,
and therefore the mounting c onfiguration (e.g.
sufficient clearance) should be adapted
accordingly. The recommended clearance
distance is a minimum 10 cm.

Do not drill any additional holes into the

module frames and do not cover the
drainage holes.

Pre-assembled mounting systems will need

written approval by Silfab in advance.

• The modules can be mounted in every angle
from horizontal to vertical, avoiding
configurations with the junction box up-side
down at all times (e.g. trackers with “sleep
mode”).

• In order to maximize module exposure to
direct sunlight, the modules should be
oriented to the south in the northern
hemisphere and to the north in the southern
hemisphere.

Mounting Methods:

Mounting using mounting holes:

• Each module must be securely fastened at

a minimum of 4 points.

© 2011-2013 Silfab Ontario Inc. - Specifications in this manual are subject to revisions without notice

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

• Use the 4 mounting holes (slots, see Fig.
3a/3b) on the PV module frame to bolt the
module with M6 (1/4”) stainless steel
screws and nuts to the mounting
framework.

• The distance of the mounting holes has
been designed in order to result in a
uniform wind and snow load without
damaging the module.

Do not drill additional holes in the

module frame; doing so will void the
Warranty.

Mounting using clamping method:

• Silfab recommends the use of clamps with
a design as shown in Fig. 4a (or
equivalent). The use of improper clamps
will void the Warranty.

• When using clamps, it is possible to mount
the modules in horizontal (the shorter side
of one module facing the shorter side of
the neighboring module) or in vertical (the
longer sides facing each other)
configuration. Refer to Fig. 4b,c,d for an
example of attaching the modules to a
support structure using mounting clamps.
(It is recommended to always use stainless
steel screws and bolts.)

• The modules can be mounted on
continuous base structures (inclined or
horizontal) such as rails or similar.

• Both base structures must be mounted at
the same distance from the symmetrical
axis (vertical or horizontal) of the module
(Fig. 5a/5b).

• In vertical configuration, it is strongly
recommended to place the supporting
elements nearby the mounting hole s, or in
any case, allow a spacing of 800-941 mm
between them. This is necessary in order
to maintain a correct load distribution (Fig.

7

SAFETY AND INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR

5a/5b), and achieve the 5.4 kPa load
rating.

• In horizontal configuration, fixing the
modules by blocking them at the 4
mounting holes will guarantee the
characteristics regarding the static lo ads as
certified.

• When clamping the modules in horizontal
configuration on a support structure, the
following rules have to be applied in order
to maintain the resistance against static
loads as certified:

o If the bars or rails are in vertical

direction, they have to be placed
nearby the corner holes or in any c ase
a spacing of 800-941 mm between the
bars has to be maintained in order to
achieve the 5.4 kPa load rating (Fig.
5a/5b).

o If the bars or rails are in horizontal

direction, they have to be placed with
a spacing of 500-750 mm in order to
achieve the UL specified 2.4 kPa load
rating (Fig. 5a/5b).

• The modules can also be fixed by placing
them with their frame on a structure that
is supporting the two sides of the frame
over their whole length. In this case, the
position of the mounting clamps must be in
accordance with the above mentioned
spacings (800-941 mm and 500-750 mm
respectively) – refer also to Fig. 5a/5b.

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

Fig. 3a: Mechanical drawing of an SLA module showing
the mounting holes, the drainage holes, and the
ground connection holes

© 2011-2013 Silfab Ontario Inc. - Specifications in this manual are subject to revisions without notice

Fig. 3b: Mechanical drawing of an SLG module showing
the mounting holes, the drainage holes, and the
ground connection holes

8

SAFETY AND INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

Fig. 4a: cross section of a mounting clamp to be used
for attaching the modules to support structure.

Fig. 4b: modules attached to supporting structure
(rail, item 01) using a clamp (item 02) fixed with a bolt
(item 03) and nut (item 04) – view between two
modules.

Fig. 5a: allowed positions for fixing SLA modules using
mounting clamps.

Fig. 4c: modules attached to supporting structure –
side view.

Fig. 4d: end of module row with additional spacer
(item 05: 50mm x 30mm x 24mm)

© 2011-2013 Silfab Ontario Inc. - Specifications in this manual are subject to revisions without notice

9

SAFETY AND INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR

Fig. 5b: allowed positions for fixing SLG modules using
mounting clamps.

ATTENTION: in the case of installation with

modules in the vertical position, it is
preferable to maintain the Junction Box
located in the upper part of the module. This
practice will help reduce, as much as
possible, contact between any standing
water and the Junction Box, and avoid
possible water infiltration.

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

7b) Handling of Modules

The Silfab modules are robust, but in

particular the glass front cover and cells may
be subject to damage if the modules is
improperly handled or installed.

Wear protective gloves when handling and

installing the modules in order to be protec ted
against cutting by sharp edges and against skin
burns.

Handle the module in a way that avoids

breakage or scratching of the front cover glass
and mechanical damage to any other part of
the module.

Do not carry the module by its connector wires

in order to avoid the risk of electr ic shock and
prevent damage to the module.

During the wiring and installation of the

modules use caution!

Do not trample on or scratch the modules.
Do not drop sharp or heavy objects on either

surfaces of the module.

Do not subject the modules to any impact, in

particular in the vicinity of the edges of the
frames and do not flex them mechanically.
The modules are made of a single laminate,
therefore once damaged, they are not
repairable.

In the event of any damage to either the front

or the back of the module, the part exposed
might be electrically active and therefore
dangerous, especially if the module is
connected in series to a string.

© 2011-2013 Silfab Ontario Inc. - Specifications in this manual are subject to revisions without notice

10

SAFETY AND INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR

The junction box does not require any extra

field wiring at the terminals. (Changing wires
or modifying any piece of the junction box,
including the bypass diodes will void the
module warranty.)

7c) Electrical Connection

Danger! Risk of serious injury or death from

electric shock or electric a rc flash! Do not
connect or disconn ec t m o dul es under load!

Even if the modules are protected against

accidental contact, under unfavorable
conditions high hazardous voltage (several
hundreds of volts) may occur during
installation. Consequently, installation and
maintenance of the modules, as well as the
connection to the main power supply, may
only be performed by authorized and qualif ied
persons.

Before connection of the system to the grid,

the PV system must be approved for correct
installation, by an electrician responsible to
the operator and the local electricity
company.

The design of the PV system should be done by

a qualified person familiar with PV system
design. The system design is the responsibility
of the PV system designer. Therefore, SILFAB
does not assume any liability for how the
modules are installed.

The junction boxes used with SLA/SL G modules

contain bypass diodes wired in parallel with
the PV cell strings. In the case of partial
shading, the diodes bypass the current
generated by the non-shaded cells, ther eby
limiting the module’s heating and
performance losses. Bypass diodes are not
over-current protection devices.

© 2011-2013 Silfab Ontario Inc. - Specifications in this manual are subject to revisions without notice

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

In the event of a known or suspected diode

failure, installers or maintenance providers
should contact Silfab. Never attempt to open

the junction box by yo u r se l f!

Under normal conditions, a PV module is likely to
experience conditions that produce more current
and/or voltage than reported at STC. Accordingly,

the values of I

and Voc marked on the module

sc

should be multiplied by a factor of 1.25 when
determining component voltage ratings,
conductor current ratings, fuse sizes, and size
of controls connected to the PV output. Refer to

NEC 690.8 (B) for an additional 1.25 multiplier
that may be required for sizing fuses and
conductors.

• V

should be increased by a factor according

oc

to the lowest ambient air temperatures
expected for the installation site. Refer to NEC

690.7 for the correct V

correction factor

oc

according to the respective temperatures. If
this information is not available, a 1.25
multiplying factor can be used as default value
for correction of V

.

oc

• In order to obtain the required electrical
current and/or voltage, the modules can be
connected in series, in parallel, or in a
combination of both.

o In the case of series connection, do not

exceed the maximum system voltage of
600V even at low temperatures. Always use
the same type and rating of module in one
installation!

o In the case of parallel connection of

modules or series strings of modules, fusing
may be required. Information about the
fuse rating can be found on the module’s
nameplate and in the datasheet – see also
NEC 690 for additional fusing requirements.

o The voltage of the strings of modules, in

series, when measured at their poles, is
the sum of all the individual voltages of

11

SAFETY AND INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR

each module. This total voltage should be
compatible with the range of input
voltages admissible for the inverter to
which the modules are connected.

7d) Grounding

• The module frame or array must be grounded
before wiring. For grounding, use material that
is certified according to UL 1703 – in particular
the grounding should be performed by a
qualified electrician using grounding methods
in accordance with article 250 of NEC and
relevant local codes and regulations.

• SLA/SLG modules can be grounded using third
party grounding devices as long as they are
certified for grounding modules and the
devices are installed according to the
manufacturer’s specified instructions.

• Examples of acceptable grounding methods
include the following (must be verified with
local codes and regulations):
o Attach a separate appro ved ground wire to

one of the holes marked with a ground
label on the module frame with a UL
approved ring terminal or UL listed
grounding lug.

o Schletter Rapid Clamps are acceptable

when using the proper size to match
Silfab’s 38 mm frame.

o WEEB clips compatible with the chosen

racking mounting clip are also acceptable
when properly installed (ensuring an
electrical bond between the module frame
and the grounded racking).

• Ensure that the grounding area for the
connection is clean and free from oxides or

© 2011-2013 Silfab Ontario Inc. - Specifications in this manual are subject to revisions without notice

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

any debris that could impede the electrical
grounding.

Always follow safety procedures when

installing any grounding/mounting system.

7e) Environmental Considerations

• SLA/SLG modules should be installed in a
location where there is no shading throughout
the year.
A module is considered "shadow-free" if it is

unobstructed across its entire surface for the
whole year. Even on the shortest day of the
year, unobstructed sunlight can reach the
module.
Ensure there are no obstacles to block light
near the installation site.

• Lightning protection is recommended for PV
systems that are to be installed in locations
with high probability of lightning strikes.

• Although Silfab modules are designed to be
able to withstand high snow pressure, in
regions with heavy snowfall in winter, select
the height of the mounting system so tha t the
lowest edge of the mod ules is not covered by
snow for any length of time.

12

SAFETY AND INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR

8. USE AND MAINTENANCE

8a) Intended Use

SLA/SLG modules are designed for use in grid­connected systems. They are therefore linked in
series/parallel combinations to feed a dedicated
inverter with a DC input and an AC output of 110V
AC - 60Hz to provide energy to the local
electricity grid.

8b) Operational Measurements

The only two electrical parameters of output from
a PV module, measurable with conventional
instrumentation, are the V

When the PV modules are instead connected in
series/parallel configuration to an inverter, from
its display it is possible to read:

• Operational voltage at maximum power
output (Vp

) of the string

max

• Operational current at maximum power
output (Ip

) of the string

max

From these above values it is possible to estimate
the voltage at maximum power (Vp
module in the string under review and any non­uniformity in the voltages (Vp
strings connected to the same inverter.

From the Ip

for the s tring it is also possible to

max

verify whether there are obvious differences
between one string and another. When a uniform
condition is detected, it can be assumed that all
the modules are working properly.
The following measures serve to collect
preliminary information on the operational status
of the PV modules in a PV system.
If there is a need to perform direct measurements
on individual modules using conventional
instrumentation, the following action should be
taken:

To measure the open circuit voltage (V

• Note: even in the presence of an insolation
average of 500 W/m

and Isc.

oc

) of a

max

) of multiple

max

):

oc

2

, a module exposed to the

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

rays of the sun presents at its poles (+ and –) a
V

very close to the nominal value at STC (as

oc

shown in Fig.3).

• When taking the temperature at which the
module is working at that moment into
account, the open circuit voltage module
(V

) will be approximately equal to:

ocmod

V

ocmod

= V

ocSTC

– [(T

– 25°C) x 0.125V]

mod

Where:

• V

is the open circuit voltage

ocSTC

measured at STC;

• -0,125V/ °C is the average variation of
V

of a module for a variation in

oc

temperature of 1°C;

• 25°C is the reference temperature of
STC;

• In the case of good solar radiation and
at the ambien t temperatur e (T

amb

), one
can estimate the temperature of the
module as follows:

T

mod

= T

+ 30°C

amb

• Using the calculations above, it is possible
when measuring with a multi-meter, to verify
V

meets the standard shown in the module

oc

datasheet.

• In a case that the V

to the connectors is

oc

decidedly lower than the standard values (75%
or less) this could represent a condition of
anomaly which should be investigated more
thoroughly.

To measure the short-circuit current (I

):

sc

• A PV module exposed to the south, inclined
perpendicularly to the rays of the sun, in the
middle of the day (about 12:00 to 1:00 PM )
and in conditions of good weather, presents a
value of I

similar to the rated values at STC ,

sc

as measurable with an amp-meter in
continuous current.

• By measuring the solar radiation (E) effective
at the moment with a solarmeter/pyranome ter
in W/m

2

the short circuit current of the

© 2011-2013 Silfab Ontario Inc. - Specifications in this manual are subject to revisions without notice

13

SAFETY AND INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR

ATTENTION!!!!!:

the connection and disconnection of the

module at the moment I
close to the following value:

I

scmod

= I

x E/1000

scSTC

Where:

• I

is the short circuit current

scSTC

measured at STC;

• 1000 W/m2 is the radiation at STC.

• The measurement of the Isc is executable with

precision only when using a
solarmeter/pyranometer which gives exact
information on the conditions of solar
radiation at the moment, otherwise it is not
reliable.

• In the case of the unavailability of a
solarmeter/pyranometer, it will only be
possible to have an estimate of the
functionality of the module by comparing the
value of I

measured in relation to those of

scmod

the other modules of the PV system, measured
under the same conditions of irradiation.
The acknowledgment of any obvious
discrepancies of I

in the modules thus serves

sc

to identify anomalies.

To avoid the phenomena of elec tric arcing, both
connectors of the modules being tested and the

measurements of V
with the string of modules in conditions of open
circuit.

In addition, the Isc should be measured for ea ch
individual module in conditions of open circuit
and not to the extreme poles of the s tring, which
could be affected by voltages up to 600V.

and Isc should be performed

oc

• NOTE: an excess of intensity due to
meteorological phenomena (for example,
lightning) or mistakes in the connection (for
example, connecting the modules under full
irradiance) can cause damage, or short-circuit
of the bypass diodes contained in the junction
box. As a result, the Voc of the module may

© 2011-2013 Silfab Ontario Inc. - Specifications in this manual are subject to revisions without notice

should be very

scmod

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

decline in proportion to the damaged diodes to

⅔Voc, ⅓Voc, or 0V. In this case, the bypass
diodes must be substituted only by Silfab
personnel, onsite or offsite at Silfab’s sole
discretion.

8c) Maintenance

Although PV modules do not require any routine
maintenance, periodic (annual) inspection for
damage to glass and inspection of the electrical
connections and for corrosion as well as the
mechanical connection is recommended.

Under normal conditions (sufficient rainfall),
cleaning of the module is not required. In extr eme
climatic conditions, the electrical p erformance of
the module may be affected by accumulation of
dirt, dust or debris on the glass front cover.
In this case, the front cover can be washed using
water or commercial glass cleaners, alcohol/
ethanol/methanol and a soft cloth.

Do not use abrasive brushes, powders, cleaners,
polishers, sodium hydroxide, benzene, nitro­thinners, acid or alkali and other chemical
substances. Doing so may damage the anti­reflective coating that is present on the glass of
some Silfab modules.

Most municipal water used as cleaning water;
however, it is not recommended to use water with
high mineral content as it may deposit on the glass
surface when the water is dry. The pressure of the
cleaning water should be less than 690Kpa.

Exercise extreme caution when applying water

on any electrical device!!

The module cleaning should be done in the early
morning, in the evening, at night or on rainy days.
When cleaning in the morning or evening,
select the period when sunshine is not strong.

If you need to clear snow to improve output
power, use a soft brush to gently remove the
snow. But do not try to remove frozen sn ow or ice
on the modules as it could lead to property
damage.

14

SAFETY AND INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR

9. PACKAGING, HANDLING AND

STORAGE OF MODULES

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

9a) Silfab's Packaging

SILFAB Ontario provides the SLA/SLG modules in
the most appropriate packaging, designed to
guarantee that the transportation and storage will
be in conditions of maximum safety and protection
until the time of installation. Each package
contains up to 35 modules, arranged in a
horizontal position with the glass facing
downwards (as shown in Fig. 6).

Transport the module in its original packaging
until installation. If transporting outside of the
original packaging is necessary, contact Silfab for

written approval in advance.

Protect all parts of the module during transport
and installation from mechanical stresses.

Fig. 6: Module Packaging

The packaging consists of:

• A maximum number of 35 SLA modules or

30 SLG modules

• 1 wooden pallet (Fig. 7)

• 4 plastic protective corner angles per

module (Max 140, Fig. 8)

• Containment straps

• 1 waterproof cover

• Transparent film for containment

Fig. 7: Wooden pallet Fig. 8: Protective corner

9b) How to Manage the Packaging

Each package has been designed to allow the
shipment and storage of modules in order to
maintain their integrity unchanged over time,
provided that the information and indications
supplied by SILFAB Ontario are closely observed
and followed. These indications are summarised
by a series of standard symbols posted in a visible
manner on each pallet. The list below illustrates
the meaning of each symbol:

DO NOT STACK: each pallet of modules is
packaged according to the maximum number of
modules stackable vertically, in order to avoid or
reduce mechanical stress or damage as a result of
the pressure exerted by the stacked modules.
Therefore, it is absolutely forbidden to stack a
pallet on top of another, both in the process of
shipment and storage of modules.

DO NOT EXPOSE TO ATMOSPHERIC AGENTS: each
pallet of modules is suitably dressed in a cap of
transparent plastic in order to avoid temporary
contact with generic water spray or atmospheric
agents. The plastic casing does not ensure the
protection of the modules in the c ase of prolonged
exposure to atmospheric agents. Similarly, in the
case of flooding, the pallet does not ensure the
maintenance of the mechanical properties of the
weight of the modules. For this reason it is
recommended to store the pallet in a place that is
sheltered and dry. In addition, as the the junction

© 2011-2013 Silfab Ontario Inc. - Specifications in this manual are subject to revisions without notice

15

SAFETY AND INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR

1800 mm minimum fork
length

When using a forklif t, please
way through pallet

box has an IP65 degree of protection, in the event
of a flood the stagnant water inside of the frame
could oxidise the metal contacts of the connect ors
degrading the characteristics and altering the
electrical properties of the c ontac ts of the module
causing damage.

DO NOT OVERTURN THE PACKAGING: the
packaging is only designed to be handled and
stored with the modules maintaining the position
of the arrow printed on the packaging, with the
arrow always facing upwards. Not following these
indicated directions may create forms of
mechanical stress on the modules that could cause
damage or breakage.

RECYCLABLE: most of the photovoltaic modules
are recyclable. They should not be thrown into
landfill without a proper method for recycling.
Although they are not yet regulated by current
rules of refutes RAEE, many institutions and public
structures are organising to collect the modules
that are damaged or are no longer usable for
materials.

FRAGILE: the photovoltaic modules are
manufactured using a glass front which makes up
approximately 70% of the total materials used to
construct them. Although the modules are
stiffened by an aluminium frame, any direct
impact to the glass or on the corners of the
modules should be avoided. Avoid flexing the
laminates or applying non-distributed loads and
stresses. Avoid scratching the surface of the

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

exterior glass or backsheet. Do not apply any
forces to the backsheets.

HANDLE WITH CARE: during the operation of
shipping and storage of the modules use maximum
care to ensure the full integrity of the modules.

9c) How to Handle the Pallet

During the handling of the pallet make sure to pay
the utmost attention. The packaging must be
raised/moved exclusively with fork-lift trucks or
hand pallet trucks fitted with forks of length
appropriate to its size and weight. The pallet
which supports the packaging is a "4 ways" type,
(able to be lifted from any of the short or long
sides) with dimensions of 1750 x 1080 mm. For the
safe handling of the pallet the forks length should
be:

• A minimum of 1800 mm for lifting from the
shorter side

• Able to support the total weight of the
packaging of approximately 700 kg

ensure the forks go all the

Fig. 9: How to handle the packaging

Pay attention during the stages of handling and
unpacking. Verify that the package is positioned
on a surface that is either flat or not excessively
deformed to a point that would impart an

© 2011-2013 Silfab Ontario Inc. - Specifications in this manual are subject to revisions without notice

16

SAFETY AND INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR

inclination to the pallets which could damage the
PV modules.

SILFAB DOES NOT ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY IN THE
EVENT OF DAMAGE TO THE MODULES ARISING
FROM MANAGEMENT OF THE PACKAGING THAT IS
IMPROPER OR DIFFERENT FROM WHAT WAS STATED
IN THIS DOCUMENT.

9d) Unpackaging

Observe the following procedures for the
unpacking of modules:

• Place the packaging on a stable and flat
surface

• Using a cutter, cut the plastic wrap
surrounding the package

• Remove the plastic wrap

• Remove the upper cover

• Recover the flash list (for record keeping)

• Using a cutter, cut the straps

• Remove the PV modules and their

protective corners without damaging

• Collect and store the protective corners
and the wooden pallets awaiting recovery
by the supplier, as described in section 9f.

Note: avoid storing partial packaging!
Once you have removed the strapping the
packaging must no longer be moved!!

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

9f) Recycling Packaging Materials

SILFAB undertakes efforts to treat every aspec t of
production, to minimize the environmental
impact. The packagin g is made with materials that
for the most part are reusable.

In particular, the wooden pallets (Fig.7) and
protective corners (Fig.8) are to be preserv ed and
returned intact to the supplier.

SILFAB is a part of the recovery and organizes the
return of these materials. Pallets and protective
corners that are recovered will be reused by
SILFAB on new packages, minimizing the amount
of material ending up in landfills.

The customer must

collect the protective corners
in nylon bags or something of simil ar texture (see
Fig.11), and stack the pallets (max 15 units, see
Fig.12) in order to facilitate the loading
operations. SILFAB will periodically, when the
amount justifies the cost of the transportation,
recover these materials, returning them f or reuse
at the manufacturing plant.

9e) Pallet Sheet

Each package has a sheet (“pallet sheet”) placed
in a visible position and containing some pertinent
information such as: serial number of each
module, part number of each module and pallet
number. All Numbers are readable with a standard
bar code reader. See Fig.10 below.

Fig. 10: Pallet sheet

© 2011-2013 Silfab Ontario Inc. - Specifications in this manual are subject to revisions without notice

Fig. 11 & 12: How to pack age the pallets and plastic corners,
respectively, after unloading, ready to deliver back to Silfab
for reuse.

17

SAFETY AND INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR

SLA250M

SLA255M

SLA260M

SLA265M

SLA270M

SLA275M

SLA280M

SLA285M

Pmax

250

255

260

265

270

275

280

285

Vmp

30.4

30.6

30.8

31

31.2

31.4

31.7

32

Imp

8.27

8.38

8.49

8.6

8.71

8.8

8.86

8.91

Voc

37.4

37.6

37.8

38

38.2

38.4

38.7

39.1

Isc

8.8

8.92

9.04

9.16

9.28

9.36

9.43

9.47

Eff

15.3%

15.6%

15.9%

16.2%

16.5%

16.8%

17.1%

17.4%

SLA240P

SLA245P

SLA250P

SLA255P

SLA260P

Pmax

240

245

250

255

260

Vmp

30.1

30.3

30.5

30.7

30.9

Imp

8.01

8.13

8.24

8.35

8.46

Voc

37.1

37.3

37.5

37.7

37.9

Isc

8.53

8.64

8.76

8.87

8.99

Eff

14.7%

15.0%

15.3%

15.6%

15.9%

SLG300M

SLG305M

SLG310M

SLG315M

SLG320M

SLG325M

SLG330M

SLG335M

Pmax

300

305

310

315

320

325

340

345

Vmp

36.5

36.7

36.9

37.1

37.3

37.5

37.8

38.1

Imp

8.26

8.35

8.44

8.53

8.62

8.7

8.75

8.8

Voc

44.9

45.1

45.3

45.5

45.6

45.8

46.1

46.4

Isc

8.79

8.88

8.99

9.09

9.19

9.29

9.34

9.38

Eff

15.4%

15.6%

15.9%

16.2%

16.4%

16.7%

17.4%

17.7%

SLG290P

SLG295P

SLG300P

SLG305P

SLG310P

Pmax

290

295

300

305

310

Vmp

36.3

36.5

36.7

36.9

37.1

Imp

8.03

8.12

8.21

8.3

8.39

Voc

44.9

45.1

45.3

45.5

45.7

Isc

8.52

8.62

8.72

8.82

8.9

Eff

14.9%

15.1%

15.4%

15.6%

15.9%

Standard Test Conditions (Measurement conditions: STC 1000 W/m² - AM 1.5 - Temperature 25 °C)

10. APPENDIX 1 – Electrical Specifications

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

Measurement uncertainty ≤ 3% - Sun simulator calibration with modules calibrated by Fr aunhofe r Institute
Power Tolerance: Positive Sorting (-0/+5W)
Maximum System Voltage: 600V or 1000V (on request)
Series fuse rating: 15A
Electrical characteristics may vary by ±5% and power by -0/+5W

Document Number: MAN-SFO-02 Revision Date: April 2, 2013

SAFETY AND INSTALLATION MANUAL FOR

PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

Silfab Ontario

- Web: www.silfab.eu

Please conserve a copy of this manual

at the location of the PV System,

and inform the system owner of all relevant aspects of

To download a copy of this installation manual s can the QR-Code on the back of a Silfab module,

240 Courtneypark Drive East,
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5T 2Y3

- Tel: [phone]

- Fax: [phone]

- Email: [e-mail]

- Web: www.silfab.ca

a Company of Silfab Group

Via Trieste 33, 35121 Padova, Italy

- Tel.: [phone]

- Fax: [phone]

- -E-mail: [e-mail]

safety, operation, and maintenance!!

or go to: www.silfab.ca/media-center/download-area.html

Document Number: MAN-SFO-02 Revision Date: April 2, 2013