SC5305A
1 MHz to 3.9 GHz RF Downconverter
for PXI Express
Operating & Programming Manual
© 2012-2015 SignalCore, Inc.
support@signalcore.com
C O N T E N T S
Important Information 1
Warranty 1
Copyright & Trademarks 2
International Materials Declarations 2
CE European Union EMC & Safety Compliance Declaration 2
Recycling Information 3
Warnings Regarding Use of SignalCore Products 3
Getting Started 4
Unpacking 4
Verifying the Contents of your Shipment 4
Setting Up and Configuring the SC5305A 4
Signal Connections 6
Indicator LEDs 6
SC5305A - Theory of Operation 7
Overview 7
Signal Path Description 8
Local Oscillator Description 11
Frequency Tuning Modes 12
Setting the SC5305A to Achieve Best Dynamic Range 13
Operating the SC5305A Outside Normal Range 14
SC5305A Programming Interface 15
Device Drivers 15
Using the Application Programming Interface (API) 15
Setting the SC5305A - Writing To Configuration Registers 16
Configuration Registers 16
Tuning the RF Frequency 16
Changing the Attenuator Settings 17
Enabling and Disabling the RF Preamplifier 17
Changing the RF Synthesizer Mode 17
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.0.0 i
Selecting the IF Filter Path 17
Setting the Reference Clock Behavior 17
Adjusting the Reference Clock Accuracy 18
Setting Spectral Inversion in the IF 18
Storing Data into the User EEPROM Space 18
Setting the Phase of the IF Signal 18
Querying the SC5305A - Writing To Request Registers 19
Reading the Device Status 19
Reading the Device Temperature 20
Reading the Calibration EEPROM 21
Reading the User EEPROM 21
Working With Calibration Data 22
EEPROM Data Content 23
Frequency Correction 25
Gain Correction 25
IF Response Correction 27
Software API Library Functions 29
Constants Definitions 30
Type Definitions 31
Function Definitions and Usage 32
Calibration & Maintenance 47
Appendix A - Specifications 49
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.0.0 ii
The warranty terms and conditions for all SignalCore products are also provided on our corporate
website. Please visit http://www.signalcore.com/ for more information.
I M P O R T A N T I N F O R M A T I O N
Warranty
This product is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from
the date of shipment. SignalCore will, at its option, repair or replace equipment that proves to be
defective during the warranty period. This warranty includes parts and labor.
Before any equipment will be accepted for warranty repair or replacement, a Return Material
Authorization (RMA) number must be obtained from a SignalCore customer service representative and
clearly marked on the outside of the return package. SignalCore will pay all shipping costs relating to
warranty repair or replacement.
SignalCore strives to make the information in this document as accurate as possible. The document has
been carefully reviewed for technical and typographic accuracy. In the event that technical or
typographical errors exist, SignalCore reserves the right to make changes to subsequent editions of this
document without prior notice to possessors of this edition. Please contact SignalCore if errors are
suspected. In no event shall SignalCore be liable for any damages arising out of or related to this
document or the information contained in it.
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IMPLIED, AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A
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liability of SignalCore, Incorporated will apply regardless of the form of action, whether in contract or
tort, including negligence. Any action against SignalCore, Incorporated must be brought within one year
after the cause of action accrues. SignalCore, Incorporated shall not be liable for any delay in
performance due to causes beyond its reasonable control. The warranty provided herein does not cover
damages, defects, malfunctions, or service failures caused by owner’s failure to follow SignalCore,
Incorporated’s installation, operation, or maintenance instructions; owner’s modification of the product;
owner’s abuse, misuse, or negligent acts; and power failure or surges, fire, flood, accident, actions of
third parties, or other events outside reasonable control.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 1
組成名稱
Model Name
鉛
Lead
(Pb)
汞
Mercury (Hg)
镉
Cadmium
(Cd)
六价铬
Hexavalent
Chromium
(Cr(VI))
多溴联苯
Polybrominated
biphenyls
(PBB)
多溴二苯醚
Polybrominated
diphenyl ethers
(PBDE)
SC5305A
Copyright & Trademarks
Under the copyright laws, this publication may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, storing in an information retrieval system, or
translating, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of SignalCore, Incorporated.
SignalCore, Incorporated respects the intellectual property rights of others, and we ask those who use
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laws. Use of SignalCore products is restricted to applications that do not infringe on the intellectual
property rights of others.
“SignalCore”, “signalcore.com”, and the phrase “preserving signal integrity” are registered trademarks
of SignalCore, Incorporated. Other product and company names mentioned herein are trademarks or
trade names of their respective companies.
International Materials Declarations
SignalCore, Incorporated uses a fully RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) compliant
manufacturing process for our products. Therefore, SignalCore hereby declares that its products do not
contain restricted materials as defined by European Union Directive 2011/65/EU (EU RoHS) in any
amounts higher than limits stated in the directive. This statement is based on the assumption of reliable
information and data provided by our component suppliers and may not have been independently
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current stage of this legislation, the content of six hazardous materials must be explicitly declared. Each
of those materials, and the categorical amount present in our products, are shown below:
A indicates that the hazardous substance contained in all of the homogeneous materials for this
product is below the limit requirement in SJ/T11363-2006. An X indicates that the particular hazardous
substance contained in at least one of the homogeneous materials used for this product is above the
limit requirement in SJ/T11363-2006.
CE European Union EMC & Safety Compliance Declaration
The European Conformity (CE) marking is affixed to products with input of 50 - 1,000 VAC or 75 - 1,500
VDC and/or for products which may cause or be affected by electromagnetic disturbance. The CE
marking symbolizes conformity of the product with the applicable requirements. CE compliance is a
manufacturer’s self-declaration allowing products to circulate freely within the European Union (EU).
SignalCore products meet the essential requirements of Directives 2014/30/EU (EMC) and 2014/35/EU
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 2
(1)
PRODUCTS FOR SALE BY SIGNALCORE, INCORPORATED ARE NOT DESIGNED WITH COMPONENTS NOR TESTED FOR A LEVEL OF
RELIABILITY SUITABLE FOR USE IN OR IN CONNECTION WITH SURGICAL IMPLANTS OR AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN ANY LIFE SUPPORT
SYSTEMS WHOSE FAILURE TO PERFORM CAN REASONABLY BE EXPECTED TO CAUSE SIGNIFICANT INJURY TO A HUMAN.
(2)
IN ANY APPLICATION, INCLUDING THE ABOVE, RELIABILITY OF OPERATION OF THE SOFTWARE PRODUCTS CAN BE IMPAIRED BY ADVERSE
FACTORS, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO FLUCTUATIONS IN ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY, COMPUTER HARDWARE MALFUNCTIONS,
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UNANTICIPATED USES OR MISUSES, OR ERRORS ON THE PART OF THE USER OR APPLICATIONS DESIGNER (ADVERSE FACTORS SUCH AS
THESE ARE HEREAFTER COLLECTIVELY TERMED “SYSTEM FAILURES”). ANY APPLICATION WHERE A SYSTEM FAILU RE WOULD CREATE A
RISK OF HARM TO PROPERTY OR PERSONS (INCLUDING THE RISK OF BODILY INJURY AND DEATH) SHOULD NOT BE SOLELY RELIANT
UPON ANY ONE COMPONENT DUE TO THE RISK OF SYSTEM FAILURE. TO AVOID DAMAGE, INJURY, OR DEATH, THE USER OR
APPLICATION DESIGNER MUST TAKE REASONABLY PRUDENT STEPS TO PROTECT AGAINST SYSTEM FAILURES, INCLUDING BUT NOT
LIMITED TO BACK-UP OR SHUT DOWN MECHANISMS. BECAUSE EACH END-USER SYSTEM IS CUSTOMIZED AND DIFFERS FROM
SIGNALCORE' TESTING PLATFORMS, AND BECAUSE A USER OR APPLICATION DESIGNER MAY USE SIGNALCORE PRODUCTS IN
COMBINATION WITH OTHER PRODUCTS IN A MANNER NOT EVALUATED OR CONTEMPLATED BY SIGNALCORE, THE USER OR
APPLICATION DESIGNER IS ULTIMATELY RESPONSIBLE FOR VERIFYING AND VALIDATING THE SUITABILITY OF SIGNALCORE PRODUCTS
WHENEVER SIGNALCORE PRODUCTS ARE INCORPORATED IN A SYSTEM OR APPLICATION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE
APPROPRIATE DESIGN, PROCESS AND SAFETY LEVEL OF SUCH SYSTEM OR APPLICATION.
(product safety), and comply with the relevant standards. Standards for Measurement, Control and
Laboratory Equipment include EN 61326-1:2013 and EN 55011:2009 for EMC, and EN 61010-1 for
product safety.
Recycling Information
All products sold by SignalCore eventually reach the end of their useful life. SignalCore complies with EU
Directive 2012/19/EU regarding Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE).
Warnings Regarding Use of SignalCore Products
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 3
Ground yourself using a grounding strap or by touching a grounded metal object.
Touch the antistatic bag to a grounded metal object before removing the hardware
from its packaging.
Never touch exposed signal pins. Due to the inherent performance degradation
caused by ESD protection circuits in the RF path, the device has minimal ESD
protection against direct injection of ESD into the RF signal pins.
When not in use, store all SignalCore products in their original antistatic bags.
Quantity
Item
1
SC5305A RF Downconverter for PXI Express
1
Software Installation USB Flash Drive (may be combined with other products onto a single drive)
!
!
G E T T I N G S T A R T E D
Unpacking
All SignalCore products ship in antistatic packaging (bags) to prevent damage from electrostatic
discharge (ESD). Under certain conditions, an ESD event can instantly and permanently damage several
of the components found in SignalCore products. Therefore, to avoid damage when handling any
SignalCore hardware, you must take the following precautions:
Remove the product from its packaging and inspect it for loose components or any signs of damage.
Notify SignalCore immediately if the product appears damaged in any way.
Verifying the Contents of your Shipment
Verify that your SC5305A kit contains the following items:
Setting Up and Configuring the SC5305A
The SC5305A is a designed for use in a PXI Express (PXIe) or PXIe hybrid chassis. Chassis manufacturers
must provide at least the minimum required per-slot power dissipation cooling capability to be
compliant with the PXIe specifications. The SC5305A is designed to be sufficiently cooled in either allPXIe chassis or PXIe hybrid chassis (chassis with a mix of PXI Express slots and traditional PXI slots).
However, certain environmental factors may degrade performance. Inadequate cooling can cause the
temperature inside the RF housing to rise above the maximum for this product, leading to improper
performance and potentially reducing product lifespan or causing complete product failure. Maintain
adequate air space around the chassis at all times, and keep the chassis fan filters clean and
unobstructed.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 4
Refer to your chassis manufacturer’s user manual for proper setup and maintenance of your
PXIe or PXIe hybrid chassis. The SC5305A on-board temperature sensor should indicate a rise
of no more than 20 °C above ambient temperature under normal operating conditions.
!
!
The SC5305A is a PXIe RF downconverter with all user I/O located on the front face of the module as
shown in Figure 1. Each I/O location is discussed in further detail below.
Figure 1. PXI Express chassis view of the SC5305A. Module is shown installed in slot 2.
All signal connections (ports) on the SC5305A are SMA-type, with the exception of the PXI backplane
clock connection (MCX connection). Exercise caution when fastening cables to the signal connections.
Over-tightening any connection can cause permanent damage to the device.
The condition of your system‘s signal connections can significantly affect measurement
accuracy and repeatability. Improperly mated connections or dirty, damaged or worn
connectors can degrade measurement performance. Clean out any loose, dry debris from
connectors with clean, low-pressure air (available in spray cans from office supply stores).
If deeper cleaning is necessary, use lint-free swabs and isopropyl alcohol to gently clean
inside the connector barrel and the external threads. Do not mate connectors until the
alcohol has completely evaporated. Excess liquid alcohol trapped inside the connector may
take several days to fully evaporate and may degrade measurement performance until fully
evaporated.
Tighten all SMA connections to 5 in-lb max (56 N-cm max)
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 5
LED
Color
Definition
STATUS
Green
“Power good” and all oscillators phase-locked
STATUS
Red
One or more oscillators off lock
STATUS
Off
Power fault
ACTIVE
Green/Off
Device is open (green) /closed (off) , this indicator is also
user programmable (see register map)
ACTIVE
Orange
User initiated standby mode
Signal Connections
RF IN This port accepts input signals from 1 MHz to 3.9 GHz to the downconverter. The nominal
input impedance is 50 Ω. Maximum input power is +27 dBm.
IF OUT This port outputs the 70 MHz IF signal from the downconverter. The nominal output
impedance is 50 Ω.
REF IN This port accepts an external 10 MHz reference signal, allowing an external source to
synchronize the internal reference clock. This port is AC-coupled with a nominal input
impedance of 50 Ω. Maximum input power is +13 dBm.
REF OUT This port outputs the internal 10 MHz or 100 MHz reference clock. If the internal reference
clock is synchronized to an external reference clock through the 10 MHz “ref in” port, this
output port will also be synchronized. This port is AC- coupled with a nominal output
impedance of 50 Ω.
PXI CLK10 This port outputs the 10 MHz chassis reference signal from the chassis backplane, allowing it
to synchronize the internal reference clock. An MCX male to SMA male cable is required (but
not supplied) to connect this port to the “ref in” port in order to use this reference for
synchronization. This port may be enabled or disabled through a software switch to
minimize possible clock noise when not in use. This port has a nominal output impedance of
50 Ω and drives 0 dBm into a 50 Ω load.
Indicator LEDs
The SC5305A provides visual indication of important modes. There are two LED indicators on the device.
Their behavior under different operating conditions is shown in Table 1.
Table 1. LED indicator states.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 6
L
R
I
RF
LO
IF
S C 5 3 0 5 A T H E O R Y O F O P E R A T I O N
Overview
The SC5305A operates on the principle of heterodyning, a process whereby an incoming RF signal is
mixed with specific oscillator frequencies in stages, producing both sum and difference frequency
products. At each stage the summed frequency product (or image) is removed through low-pass
filtering, allowing the difference frequency product to continue through the signal path. Repeating this
process several times using carefully selected local oscillators (LOs) and well-designed band-pass
filtering, the original signal is translated or “downconverted” in frequency low enough for inexpensive
digitizers to acquire the signal with reasonable bandwidth. The resultant output signal of a heterodyne
downconverter is known as the intermediate frequency (IF). Using a tunable LO as the first mixing
oscillator allows the downconverter to translate a broad range of frequencies to a common IF output.
When combined, a tunable LO and extraction of the lower mixed frequency product creates an
important and useful variant of the heterodyne process known as superheterodyning.
The SC5305A is a three-stage superheterodyne downconverter that delivers superior image rejection
over single stage conversion and offers both high signal-to-noise dynamic range and high spurious-free
dynamic range. The RF input ranges from 1 MHz to 3.9 GHz, and the IF output is fixed at 70 MHz. When
the input frequency is lower than the intermediate frequency, the device technically behaves as an
upconverter. The SC5305A up-converts when the input frequency ranges from 1 MHz to 70 MHz. The
converted spectrum polarity may be inverted or non-inverted by programming the device accordingly.
Fundamentally, each conversion stage consists of a frequency mixer that mixes two input signals and
producing a wanted third. The wanted third component is selected, via a frequency filter, among other
signals generated in the mixing process. The three primary components of the signals in each conversion
mixer are commonly known as the local oscillator (LO), radio frequency (RF), and the intermediate
frequency (IF) as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Frequency conversion stage using a mixer.
Where R represents the RF component, L represents the LO component, and I represents the IF
component. The LO is resident in the downconverter and is either frequency tunable or fixed in
frequency depending on the stage.
The first IF stage is an upconversion stage - all input signals are converted to an IF higher than the
highest input frequency specified. The second and third stages successively convert this high first IF
down to the final IF of 70 MHz. Having a high first IF allows the downconverter to achieve very high
image rejection ability. This image-free architecture achieves high image rejection without the need for
sharp cut-off pre-select band-pass filters. Having high image rejection makes the SC5305A suitable for
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 7
applications such as spectral monitoring, broadband spectral analysis, and others where the spectral
environment cannot be controlled.
The SC5305A exhibits very low phase noise of -107 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset on a 1 GHz RF carrier with a
typical noise floor of -150 dBm/Hz. The noise floor can be further reduced below -165 dBm/Hz by
enabling the internal preamplifier. With gain control between -60 dB to +50 dB, a measurement signalto-noise dynamic range greater than 180 dB is achievable. Using high reverse isolation devices and sharp
cutoff filters, LO leakages and other spurious contents at the input connectors are well below -120 dBm.
Inter-stage LO leakages are also kept very low through sophisticated circuit and shielding design to
ensure that spurious in-band signals remain less than -80 dBc. The excellent spurious free dynamic range
is achieved using low noise linear amplifiers, low loss mixers, and high performance solid state
attenuators. State-of-the-art solid state attenuators have improved linearity over earlier designs. Their
attenuation level changes settle under a microsecond, and for applications that involve frequent range
changing, they offer a vastly superior lifetime over mechanical attenuators.
The real-time bandwidth is shaped primarily by the final 70 MHz IF surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter.
The final IF filter has two programmatically selectable paths, switching either between two filter paths
with different bandwidths or between one filter and one bypass (no filter) path. Filters in the first and
second IF stages are not as selective as the final IF filter but they ensure good isolation between local
oscillators (LO). Keeping each LO isolated helps to suppress unwanted spurious signals.
Frequency accuracy is provided by an onboard 10 MHz temperature compensated crystal oscillator
(TCXO) which can be phase-locked to an external reference source if required, and it is recommended to
do so in applications that may require a more stable and accurate base reference.
Signal Path Description
Figure 3 depicts an overall block diagram of the SC5305A. Starting from the upper left, the RF input of
the SC5305A is AC coupled, followed by an elliptic low-pass filter which has a sharp cut-off frequency
slope to ensure the images and unwanted frequencies are well suppressed. Next, a bypass switch
enables or disables the internal preamplifier in the path of the RF signal, directly after the input filter.
The advantage of placing the amplifier before the attenuators is to increase the downconverter
sensitivity when the preamplifier is selected. This switch is programmatically controlled and can be
toggled as required, enabling the preamplifier to boost input signals of very small amplitude. Due to
losses in the attenuators, the noise figure of the system is proportional to their accumulated losses if the
attenuators were placed before the amplifier. The trade-off for better sensitivity is the lack of
attenuation adjustment for larger signals when the amplifier is enabled. The user will need to provide
good judgment when enabling the preamplifier.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 8
R
I
L
R
I
L
R
I
L
N.M
N
R
I
L
10 MHZ
TCXO
100 MHZ
VCXO
Ref.
Detector
4000 MHz
PLL
605/745 MHz
PLL
4675MHz to
8575MHz PLL
YIG Driver
Fine Tune
DDS
Coarse Tune
PLL
DDS
DAC
RF
Filter
RF
PreAmp
RF Atten
0-30 dB
4675 MHz
Filter
IF1_Atten
0-30 dB
IF3 Atten1
0-30 dB
IF3 Atten2
0-30 dB
675 MHz
Filter
IF3 FL 0
ESD
RF In
1 MHz –
3900 MHz
IF Out
70 MHz
Ref. In
10 MHz
Ref. Out
10/100 MHz
3.9 GHz Three Stage Downconverter
Nom Input level -20 dBm
Max Input level 27 dBm
Nom output level 0 dBm
Max out level 20 dBm
IF3 FL 1
10
Module B
Module A
MCU
Power
Regulation
Digital Interface
Temp
Sensor
Calibration
EEPROM
PLL,
Attenuator,
ADC, DAC,
other devices
SPI, RS-232, USB
PCIe Bridge
PXIe
Switchers
Linear Reg.
Module C
Digital Interface
Attenuators, Switches
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 9
Figure 3. Block diagram of the SC5305A.
The RF attenuator, with a 0 to 30 dB attenuation range and attenuation steps of 1 dB, is located
between the preamplifier and the first mixer. The RF attenuator is used to set the signal amplitude to a
user-defined level at the mixer when the RF input level is higher than that level. This attenuator is
adjusted to obtain the required distortion levels. Lowering the RF level with the attenuator at the mixer
operates the device in a more linear region. However suppressing the RF level too low before the mixer
reduces the signal-to-noise ratio, so the user must set this level to compromise between noise and
linearity. The RF signal is mixed with the first local oscillator, LO1, and the difference component is
selected as the wanted intermediate frequency (IF).
The first IF stage after the RF mixer, referred to as IF1 in the programming section, is heavily filtered and
carefully amplified to maintain the best compromise between signal dynamic range and linearity. The
filters provide isolation between the first and second stage mixers to reduce in-band inter-modulation
spurious signals from the mixing of high order harmonics of the IF and LO frequencies. The filters in this
stage also suppress the mixer LO leakage. If not filtered, LO leakages can potentially cause saturation in
the preceding stages of the signal path and degrade the linearity performance of the device. There is an
adjustable attenuator following the output of the first mixer, which is used to suppress leakages from
LO1 that appear in-band when the downconverter is tuned to frequencies less than the bandwidth of
the device. For example, if the bandwidth of the system is 20 MHz, LO1 leakage will appear in-band if
the frequency is tuned below 20 MHz. Technically, LO leakages should not appear in-band until the
device is tuned below 10 MHz, but the non-ideality of the filter allows sufficient leakage at higher
frequencies. Setting this attenuator will attenuate both the IF1 signal and the LO1 leakage, making the
device respond more linearly. As always, the compromise is that the SNR will degrade. The LO1 leakage
signal will appear as DC when the IF is digitized and converted to baseband. By design, setting the IF
frequency at 4675 MHz allows sufficient frequency separation from the highest RF frequency so that the
IF1 filter, despite its non ideal roll-off response, can suppress the RF signal by more than -100 dB.
The first IF is then down-converted to the second IF of 675 MHz by mixing with the second LO (LO2).
Similarly, as with the first IF section, the second IF (IF2) section is also well filtered and amplified.
Keeping isolation between the second and third mixers is important to ensure spurious signals
generated within the device are kept significantly low when compared to the primary signal of interest.
Finally, the second IF is converted to the third and final IF by mixing with the third LO (LO3). Located in
this stage are the primary band-pass filters that define the bandwidth of the device. The final IF filters
are selectable between two filters of different bandwidths centered at 70 MHz. The standard
bandwidths for these filters are 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 20 MHz, and 40 MHz. These surface acoustic wave
(SAW) filters provide excellent filter response. The user may choose to use one of these two filter paths
as a bypass, that is, no band-pass filter in the path. One reason for bypassing the final IF filter is to
improve the group delay through the device; with the filters enabled the delay is approximately 1 s.
Bypassing the filter reduces the delay to about 100 ns, which may be preferred in some applications.
Following the band-pass filter are the IF attenuators, IF3_Atten1 and IF3_Atten2. These IF attenuators
control the IF gain of the device and set the desired output IF level at the IF output port. The
recommended output level is 0 dBm. However, the level may be set to other values that suit the
particular application. Finally, a low pass filter suppresses the harmonics of the IF signal. It is important
that the IF harmonics are kept as low as possible because they appear in-band as higher order images
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 10
when digitized. The harmonics are typically below 90 dBc at the IF. In applications where this may not be
acceptable, external analog filtering is recommended.
Local Oscillator Description
The signal path circuit is separate from the local oscillator generation circuits to maximize isolation
between the RF/IF signals and the local oscillators, except for the LO injection paths into the mixers.
Although the both circuits reside within the same module, well-designed shielding and circuit layouts
ensures leakages between them are kept to a minimum.
The first local oscillator, LO1, is an agile, tunable phase-lock synthesizer. The synthesizer tunes from
4675 MHz to 8575 MHz, a tuning range of 3900 MHz. The minimum step size is 1 Hz, and is
accomplished through a multiple phase-locked loop and DDS hybrid architecture. The use of a hybrid
tuning architecture is important for improved phase noise and improved close-in phase spurious
responses. Operating LO1 at such high frequencies internally to obtain a 1 MHz to 3.9 GHz RF range
requires that the phase noise at these frequencies is sufficiently low so that the converted RF signal
phase noise is not degraded significantly. For example, to downconvert a 100 MHz RF signal, LO1 is
tuned to 4775 MHz, which is about 48 times higher in frequency than the input frequency. To further
ensure phase noise remains low farther away from the carrier, especially at 100 kHz and 1 MHz offsets,
a YIG oscillator is used. It important to realize that having a phase noise “plateau” out to several tens of
MHz, which is a very common phenomenon with VCO-based synthesizers, is not acceptable for many
applications.
Another reason for a hybrid tuning architecture is to reduce the phase spurs associated with phaselocked loops. A simple fractional PLL may provide resolution to 1 Hz, but it cannot provide 1 Hz
frequency tuning steps with low fractional phase spurs. By using two DDS circuits to provide the 1 Hz
tuning steps and mathematically ensuring that DDS-generated spurs are suppressed within the
architecture, LO1 is made to fine tune to exact frequencies, that is, the frequency synthesized is an exact
integer multiple or division of the reference signal.
The second local oscillator, LO2, is fixed at 4.0 GHz, synthesized using an integer PLL and a fixed narrow
tune VCO with very low phase noise. The typical raw phase noise of the second stage oscillator is less
than -150 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset. LO2 phase noise contribution to the overall phase noise of the device
is less than 1 dB. LO1 dominates the phase noise of the device.
The third local oscillator, LO3, is synthesized using a fractional PLL and has phase noise lower than both
LO1 and LO2, and is switchable between two frequencies: 605 MHz and 745 MHz, the later frequency
being the default. Both of these frequencies will set the output IF center frequency at 70 MHz. However,
at the default LO3 frequency the final 70 MHz IF output spectral polarity is the same as that of the input
RF, whereas the 605 MHz frequency will create an inverted IF spectrum. If LO3 is set to 605 MHz by
calling the sc5305a_SetIfInversion function or register, the IF output spectral content will be inverted
with respect to the input RF spectrum. See Figure 4 for a graphical representation of this process.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 11
RF
A
fc
IF
A
ifc
IF
A
ifc
Non Inverted Conversion
Inverted Conversion
Figure 4. Graphical representation of IF inversion.
Inverted spectral conversion is convenient for digitizers that sample the IF in the even Nyquist zones
because it eliminates the need to perform digital inversion of the acquired spectrum.
All local oscillators are phase-locked to an internal 100 MHz voltage controlled crystal oscillator (VCXO),
which sets their close-in phase noise performance. The 100 MHz VCXO is in turn phase-locked to the
internal 10 MHz TCXO for frequency accuracy and stability. For better frequency accuracy and stability
than the TCXO onboard the SC5305A, or for frequency synchronization, the user can programmatically
set the device to phase lock the TCXO to an external 10 MHz reference source by programming the
REFERENCE_SETTING register. It is important to note that the TCXO will only attempt to lock to an
external source if one is detected. A typical external reference source minimum level of -10 dBm is
required for detection to be successful. A reference source level of 0 dBm to +3 dBm is recommended
for normal operation. The reference source is fed into the device through the “ref in” port. The device
can also export a copy of its internal reference through the “ref out” port. The output reference
frequency is selectable for either 10 MHz or 100 MHz output. By default, routing of the reference signal
to the “ref out” port is disabled. It can be enabled by programming the REFERENCE_SETTING register.
This reference frequency is sourced from the internal 100 MHz OCXO, and the default output selection is
10 MHz, which is divided down from the 100 MHz VCXO. The output reference level is typically +3 dBm.
Frequency Tuning Modes
Tuning of SC5305A superheterodyne downconverter is accomplished through the tuning of LO1. LO1 has
two sets of control parameters that can be explored to optimize the device for any particular
application. The first set of parameters, TUNE SPEED, set the tuning and phase lock time as the
frequency is changed. TUNE SPEED consists of two modes - Fast Tune mode and the Normal mode; both
of these modes directly affect the way the YIG oscillator is configured. The Fast Tune mode deactivates a
noise suppression capacitor across the tuning coil of the YIG oscillator, and doing so increases the rate of
current flow through the coil, correspondingly increasing the rate of frequency change. In Normal mode
the capacitor is activated, slowing down the rate of frequency change. The advantage of activating the
capacitor is that it shunts the noise developed across the coil, decreasing close-in phase noise. Refer to
Appendix A for specifications regarding tuning speed.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 12
The other set of control parameters, FINE TUNE, sets the tuning resolution of the device. There are three
modes: 1 MHz, 25 kHz, and 1 Hz tuning step sizes. The first two modes use only fractional phase
detectors to tune the frequency of the LO1 synthesizer, while the third mode enables the DDS to
provide 1 Hz resolution. The PLL-only modes (1 MHz and 25 kHz) provide the ability to realize exact
frequencies with tuning as fine as 25 kHz. Use of these modes offers several advantages - lower phase
spurs and less computational burden to set a new frequency. These modes have the lowest phase
spurious signals, below the levels published in the product specification. The DDS mode also tunes to
exact frequencies, however it requires many more computing cycles and additional register-level writes
in order to set a new frequency. Comparing times, the device requires up to 175 microseconds to
compute and change to a new frequency in PLL only modes, but requires up to 350 microseconds in the
DDS tuning mode. At first glance it may seem that these differences would directly impact frequency
tuning times. However, tuning times are predominantly set by the physical parameters of the YIG
oscillator. Computation and register writes typically account for less than 25% of the total tune time of a
10 MHz step change in frequency.
It is important to note that although the synthesized frequencies are exact frequencies, there are
observable random phase drifts in the downconverted signals. These drifts are due to PLL non-idealities
rather than a frequency error in the DDS tuning circuit. Having exact frequency synthesis is important for
many applications. Published phase noise and spurs specifications are based on the 1 Hz (DDS) mode.
Setting the SC5305A to Achieve Best Dynamic Range
When discussing dynamic range, there are two distinct quantities which are specified. First is the
compression-to-noise density (per Hz) dynamic range, commonly referred to in SignalCore literature as
the signal-to-noise ratio dynamic range (SNRDR). Second is the third order spurious free dynamic range,
commonly known as the SFDR. In traditional radio terminology, the SFDR strictly refers to the third order
effects of nonlinearity whose products are generally close to the carrier signal and are very difficult to
filter out. In analog to digital conversion, the SFDR term takes on a different definition, referring to the
ratio of the input signal strength to all the spurious products appearing within the Nyquist band. These
later spurious signals may be caused by harmonics, inter-modulation, and digital quantization.
These two dynamic ranges are instantaneous, in that the signal and the noise or spurs are observed at
the same time. On the other hand, the measurement dynamic range, specifically referring to SNRDR, is
not instantaneous. The user may enable RF attenuation to receive signals levels much greater than the
instantaneous compression point, or enable the preamplifier to detect signals below the instantaneous
noise density level. The measurement dynamic range is thus much greater than the instantaneous
equivalent.
The SC5305A is designed with a focus on having a high dynamic range, not just low in noise or having
high compression points. It is designed as a receiver for signal analyzers, which require that it handle
larger signals well. For weak signals, the RF preamplifier should be enabled. The design ensures the SFDR
dynamic range specification is met when the RF signal level at the input mixer is -20 dBm and the IF level
is at 0 dBm. This requires a total IF attenuation of 10 dB for a typical device gain of 30 dB (preamplifier
disabled). This setting is typical for broadband signals with more than a few MHz of real-time
bandwidth.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 13
For applications where the SNR must be maximized, such as examining the close-in characteristics of a
sine tone, the input mixer should be set to accept 0 dBm power and the IF set at 0 dBm or higher. This is
a likely setting for making phase noise measurements of an RF signal (assuming the specified phase
noise of the SC5305A is low enough for measuring that particular signal). It is important to first set the
necessary attenuators before injecting a 0 dBm level signal to the mixer, otherwise heavy saturation of
the mixer or the output amplifiers may cause degradation or even possible failure of the receiver over
time.
The SC5305A is designed for a nominal output IF level of 0 dBm, ensuring the IF signal is about 3-4 dB
below the full-scale value of many 50 analog-to-digital data converters (ADCs). Depending on the
application, the user will need to set the appropriate gain of the device (via attenuation), and hence the
output level, to suit the particular application. For broadband signals, it is recommended that the IF
output level be about 7 dB below the full-scale value of a digitizer because of possible high crest factors
that may saturate the digitizer. For sine-tone or narrowband application, the output IF level should be
about 3 dB below full-scale of the digitizer to maximize its signal-to-noise dynamic range.
SignalCore provides a simulation tool that mimics the behavior of the SC5305A. The user may run the
simulator to get an understanding of what the parameters need to be set on the downconverter to
achieve certain performance. Additionally, the function sc5305a_CalcAutoAttenuation helps the user
obtain the necessary attenuator parameters to setup the device for the best compromise of linearity
and noise performance for a given set of input and output parameters.
There is a programmable attenuator in the first IF section, IF1_Atten, that can be used to improve
linearity in general. The primary use of this attenuator is to suppress the LO1 leakage in the IF band
when the downconverter is tuned below the bandwidth frequency. This in-band leakage affects the
linearity of the device as it may inter-modulate with the IF signal to produce third order spurious
products. The level of the leakage is equivalent to a typical -25 dBm RF signal at the mixer. The user
should set 5 dB to 10 dB OF attenuation when operating at these low frequencies.
Operating the SC5305A Outside Normal Range
The SC5305A is capable of tuning below 1 MHz and above 3.9 GHz. These frequencies lie outside of the
specification range and performance will be degraded if operated in these outer margins. However, for
some applications, the reduced dynamic range or elevated spurious levels in these ranges may not pose
an application concern. The lowest tunable frequency is 0 MHz (DC). However, for input frequencies
below 1 MHz, the AC coupling capacitors in the circuit limit/attenuate the signal significantly. On the
upper end of the spectrum, the input low-pass filter will attenuate the signal rapidly as the frequency
increases above 3.9 GHz. Calibration stored on the device EEPROM does not account for these out of
range frequencies, so applying any correction using the stored calibration is not valid.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 14
S C 5 3 0 5 A P R O G R A M M I N G I N T E R F A C E
Device Drivers
The SC5305A is programmatically controlled by writing to its set of configuration registers, and its status
read back through its set of query registers. The user may choose to program directly at the register
level or through the API library functions provided. These API library functions are wrapper functions of
the registers that simplify the task of configuring the register bytes. The register specifics are covered in
the next section. Writing to and reading from the device at the register level through the API involves
calls to the sc5305a_RegWrite and sc5305a_RegRead functions respectively.
For Microsoft WindowsTM operating systems, The SC5305A API is provided as a dynamic linked library,
sc5305a.dll. This API uses NI-VISATM to communicate with the device. Inclusion of the NI-VISA driver is
required for code development in programming languages such C, C++, or LabVIEWTM. For LabVIEWTM
support, an additional LabVIEW API, sc5305a.llb, is also provided. The functions in the LabVIEW API are
primarily LabVIEW VI wrappers to the standard API functions. NI-VISATM is available from National
Instruments Corporation (www.ni.com).
For other operating systems or VISA implementations such as Agilent VISA, users will need to access the
device through their own proprietary PXIe driver. The VISA-based driver code is available to our
customers by request. This code can be compiled with Agilent VISA with minimal or no code change.
Should the user require assistance in writing an appropriate API other than that provided, please contact
SignalCore for additional example code and hardware details.
Using the Application Programming Interface (API)
The SC5305A API library functions make it easy for the user to communicate with the device. Using the
API removes the need to understand register-level details - their configuration, address, data format,
etc. For example, to obtain the device temperature the user simply calls the function
sc5305a_GetDeviceTemperature, or calls sc5305a_SetFrequency to set the device frequency. The
software API is covered in detail in the “Software API Library Functions” section.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 15
Register (Address)
Data
Bytes
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Default
INITIALIZE (0x01) [7:0] Open Open Open Ope n Open Open Open Mode 0x00
SET_SYSTEM_ACTIVE (0x02) [7:0] Ope n Open Open Open Open Open Open
Enable
SYS LED
0x00
POWER_SHUT_DOWN (0x05) [7:0] Open Open Open Open Open Ope n Open Enable 0x00
[7:0] 0x00
[15:8] 0x00
[23:16 ] 0x00
[31:24 ] 0x00
[7:0] 0x00
[15:8] 0x00
RF_PREAMPLIFIER_SETTING (0x12) [7:0] Open Open Open Ope n Open Open Open Enable 0x00
RF_MODE_SETTING (0x13) [7:0] Open Open Open Open Ope n
Fas t
Tune
Enable
0x00
IF_BAND_SELECT (0x15) [7:0] Open Open Open Open Ope n Open Open Ba nd 0x00
REFERENCE_SETTING (0x16) [7:0] Open Ope n Open Open Res erv
100 MHz
Out Sel
Ref Out
Enable
Lock
Enable
0x00
[7:0] 0x00
[15:8] 0x00
IF_INVERT_SETTING (0x1D) [7:0] Open Open Open Open Ope n Open Open Enable
[7:0]
[15:8]
[23:16 ]
[7:0] 0x00
[15:8] Open Open 0x00
Units Value [13:8]
PHASE_SETTING (0x32)
EEPROM DATA [7:0]
WRITE_USER_EEPROM (0x23)
EEPROM Address [7:0]
EEPROM Address [15:8]
Tenths Value
Units Value[7:4]
Attenuator Value
Attenuator
ATTENUATOR_SETTING (0x11)
Fine Tune
REFERENCE_DAC (0x17)
DAC word [7:0]
DAC word [15:8]
Frequency Word [23:16 ]
Freque ncy Word [7:0]
Freque ncy Word [15:8]
Freque ncy Word [31:24]
RF_FREQUENCY (0x10)
S E T T I N G T H E S C 5 3 0 5 A : W R I T I N G T O
C O N F I G U R A T I O N R E G I S T E R S
Configuration Registers
The users may write the configuration registers (write only) directly by calling the sc5305a_RegWrite
function directly. Table 2 lists the register address (command) and the effective bytes of command data.
Data must be formatted into an unsigned integer of 32 bits prior to passing it to the function. As an
example to write the byte 0xEE into address 0xA8BB of the user EEPROM, the user would call the
sc5305a_RegWrite as follows:
sc5305a_RegWrite(deviceHandle, 0x23, 0x00A8BBEE)
Table 2: Configuration registers.
Tuning the RF Frequency
The frequency of the first local oscillator (LO1) is set by writing the RF_FREQUENCY register (0x10). This
register requires four data bytes, these data bytes being the bytes comprising an unsigned 32-bit
integer. The data bytes contain the frequency tuning word in Hertz. For example, to tune to a frequency
of 2.4 GHz, the data word would be d2400000000 in decimal or 0x8F0D1800 in hexadecimal.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 16
MSB value
Attenuator
0x00
IF3_ATTEN2
0x01
IF3_ATTEN1
0x02
RF_ATTEN
0x03
IF1_ATTEN
Changing the Attenuator Settings
The ATTENUATOR_SETTING (0x11) register has two data bytes needed to set the value of a specific
attenuator. The MSB sets the target attenuator, and the least significant byte (LSB) contains the
attenuation value. The MSB values and corresponding attenuator locations are as follows:
The LSB contains the attenuation value in 1 dB steps for the attenuator specified in the MSB. For
example, to set the RF attenuator to 15 dB, the command data would be 0x020F.
Enabling and Disabling the RF Preamplifier
The RF_PREAMPLIFIER_SETTING (0x12) register has one data byte that enables or disables the RF
preamplifier. It is recommended that the preamplifier only be enabled when the RF input signal is less
than or equal to -30 dBm. Enabling the preamplifier increases the receiver sensitivity for low-level
signals. Setting the LSB of the data byte high or low will enable or disable the RF preamplifier,
respectively. For example, to turn on the preamplifier the command data is 0x01.
Changing the RF Synthesizer Mode
The RF_MODE_SETTING (0x13) register has one data byte that provides two tuning modes for the
device: Fast Tune and Fine Tune. By default the Fast Tune mode is disabled (Normal mode). Asserting
high bit 3 of the data byte will enable Fast Tune mode. Fast Tune enables the device to achieve faster
lock and settling times between frequency changes. Please refer to Appendix A for more information
regarding Fast Tune mode. The second mode, Fine Tune mode, has three options: 1 MHz (PLL), 25 kHz
(PLL), and 1 Hz (DDS). Selection of these options requires setting the first two bits of the data byte to 0,
1, and 2 respectively. See the “Frequency Tuning Modes” section for more information. For example, to
set the device for Fast Tune and a 1 Hz tuning step resolution, the command data would be 0x06.
Selecting the IF Filter Path
The IF_FILTER_SELECT (0x15) register has one data byte that selects between two installed IF filters;
IF3_FILTER0 and IF3_FILTER1. Setting bit 0 high will select IF_FILTER1. The exact bandwidths of the filters
depend on the available installed options and are stored in the device calibration EEPROM.
Setting the Reference Clock Behavior
The REFERENCE_SETTING (0x16) register has one data byte which sets the reference clock behavior of
the device. The default state of this register is 0x00, which disables the export of the internal reference
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 17
clock, and disables phase locking to an external source. Asserting bit 0 high enables the device to lock to
an external clock source. However, the device will not attempt to phase lock until it successfully detects
the presence of a clock source at the “ref in” port. Asserting bit 1 low disables export of the internal
clock. Asserting bit 1 high enables the device to export a 10 MHz signal through the “ref out” port.
Asserting high bit 1 and bit 2 exports a 100 MHz signal.
Adjusting the Reference Clock Accuracy
The frequency precision of the SC5305A’s 10 MHz TCXO is set by the device internally. The device writes
the factory calibrated value to the reference DAC on power-up. This value is an unsigned 16-bit number
stored in the EEPROM (see the calibration EEPROM map). The user may choose to write a different value
to the reference DAC by accessing the REFERENCE_DAC (0x17) register. Command data is 16 bits
maximum.
Setting Spectral Inversion in the IF
The default IF spectral polarity is the same as that of the RF input. However, should there be a need to
invert the IF spectrum with respect to the RF spectrum, the register IF_INVERT_SETTING (0x1D) is used
for that purpose. This register contains one data byte. Setting bit 0 high will enable inversion.
Storing Data into the User EEPROM Space
There is an on-board 16k byte EEPROM available to the user to store user data information such as user
calibration, settings, etc. Writing to the user accessible EEPROM space is accomplished through the
register WRITE_USER_EEPROM (0x23). This register has three data bytes: bytes 2 and 1 contain the
address of the EEPROM; byte 0 is the byte value to be written. NOTE: The user must add a 5 millisecond
delay between consecutive writes. There is no delay required in read mode. For example, to write 123
to address 1234 of the user EEPROM the command data would be 0x04D27B.
Setting the Phase of the IF Signal
When the device is tuned to a fixed RF frequency, some applications may need to change the phase of
the downconverted signal for various reasons. The IF output phase can be programmatically adjusted in
0.1 degree increments from 0 to 360 degrees. Changing the phase is accessed through the register
PHASE_SETTING (0x32), which has two data bytes. The first 4 bits contain the tenths value, while bits
[13:4] hold the units value. The command data to adjust for 45.5 deg phase shift in the signal would be
0x02D5.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 18
Register (Address)
Data
Byte Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Default
FETCH_DEVICE_STATUS (0x18) [7:0] Open Open Open Ope n Open Open Open TRUE 0x00
Read Byte 1 [7:0]
Read Byte 0 [15:8]
FETCH_TEMPERATURE (0x19) [7:0] Open Open Open Open Open Open Open Ope n 0x00
Read Byte 1
Read Byte 0 Open Open Sign
[7:0] 0x00
[15:8] 0x00
Read Byte 1
Read Byte 0 Open Open Open Ope n Open Open Open Open
[7:0] 0x00
[15:8] 0x00
Read Byte 1
Read Byte 0 Open Open Open Ope n Open Open Open Open
User EEPROM byte da ta
Device status [15:8]
Device status [7:0]
Temp data [7:0]
Temp data [12:8]
FETCH_USER_EEPROM (0x22)
EEPROM Addres s [7:0]
EEPROM Addres s [15:8]
FETCH_CAL_EEPROM (0x20)
EEPROM Addres s [7:0]
EEPROM Addres s [15:8]
Cal EEPROM byte data
Q U E R Y I N G T H E S C 5 3 0 5 A : W R I T I N G T O
R E Q U E S T R E G I S T E R S
The request set of registers shown in Table 3 are used to retrieve data from the device. They are
accessed by calling the sc5305a_RegRead function. The parameters this function passes are listed in the
“Software API Library Functions” section, which is repeated here for convenience.
sc5305a_RegRead(unsigned int *deviceHandle, unsigned char commandByte,
unsigned int instructWord, unsigned int *receivedWord)
Table 3: Query registers.
Reading the Device Status
To obtain the device status, write request register FETCH_DEVICE_STATUS (0x18) with 0x01 for the
instructWord, and data is returned via the receivedWord pointer. The returned data are summarized in
Table 4. It is important to note that the first local oscillator has three phase detectors in the synthesizer,
so all three phase detectors must be ANDed to indicate the proper phase-locked status. The three bits
that indicate the status of the three phase detectors are [13], [10] and [9].
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 19
Bit
Description
[15]
10 MHz TCXO PLL lock status
[14]
100 MHz VCXO PLL lock status
[13]
LO1 PLL Main lock status
[12]
LO2 PLL lock status
[11]
LO3 PLL lock status
[10]
LO1 PLL1 lock status
[9]
LO1 PLL2 lock status
[8]
Reserved
[7]
External reference detected
[6]
Reference output enabled
[5]
Reference lock enabled
[4]
IF3_FILTER1 selected
[3]
RF preamplifier enabled
[2]
Device standby enabled
[1]
PXI 10 enable
[0]
Reserved
Positive Temperature
=
ADC code / 32
Negative Temperature
=
(ADC code – 8192) / 32
Table 4. Description of the status data bits.
Reading the Device Temperature
To obtain temperature data, write request register FETCH_TEMPERATURE (0x19) with 0x00 for the
instructWord, and temperature data is returned via the receivedWord pointer. Once data is received,
the least two bytes of data need to be processed to correctly represent the data in temperature units of
degrees Celsius. Data is returned in the first 14 bits [13:0]. Bit [13] is the polarity bit indicating whether it
is a positive (0x0) or negative (0x1) value. The temperature value represented in the raw data is
contained in the next 13 bits [12:0]. To obtain the temperature ADC code, the raw data should be
masked (logically ANDed) with 0x1FFF, and the polarity should be masked with 0x2000. The conversion
from 12 bit ADC code to an actual temperature reading in degrees Celsius is shown below:
It is not recommended to read the temperature too frequently, especially once the SC5305A has
stabilized in temperature. The temperature sensor is a serial device located inside the RF module.
Therefore, like any other serial device, reading the temperature sensor requires sending serial clock and
data commands from the processor. The process of sending clock pulses on the serial transfer line may
cause unwanted spurs on the RF signal as the serial clock potentially modulates the local oscillators.
Furthermore, once the SC5305A stabilizes in temperature, repeated readings will likely differ by as little
as 0.25 °C over extended periods of time. Given that the gain-to-temperature coefficient is on the order
of 0.06 dB/°C, gain changes between readings will be negligible.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 20
byte_value[4]; // read in earlier
unsigned int uint32_value;
float float32_value;
int count = 0;
while (count < 4) {
uint32_value = unit32_value | (byte_value[count] << (count*8));
count++;
}
float32_value = *(float *)&uint32_value;
Reading the Calibration EEPROM
To read a single byte from an address in the device EEPROM write the FETCH_CAL_EEPROM register
with the address for the instructWord, and data is returned via receivedWord. The byte data is
contained in the least byte of the 32 bit unsigned integer so data must be typed-casted back to an
unsigned character byte. The EEPROM maximum address is 0x3FFF. Reading above this address will
cause the device to retrieve data starting from the lowest addresses. For example, addressing 0x4000
will return data stored in address location 0x0000. The calibration EEPROM map is discussed in detail in
the “Working With Calibration Data” section.
All calibration data, whether floats or unsigned 32-bit integers, are stored as flattened unsigned 32-bit
words. Each data point is comprised of four unsigned bytes, so data must be read back in multiples of
four bytes, with the least significant byte stored in the lower address. After the data are read back, they
need to be un-flattened back to their original type. Since the four bytes constitutes the four bytes of an
unsigned 32-bit integer, converting (un-flattening) to an unsigned value simply involves concatenation of
the bytes through bit shifting. To convert to floating point representation is a little more involved. First,
convert the four bytes into an unsigned 32-bit integer value, and then (in C/C++, etc.) type-cast a float
pointer to the address of the value. In C/C++, the code would be float Y = *(float *)&X, where X has been
converted earlier to an unsigned integer.
An example written in C code would look something like the following:
Reading the User EEPROM
Once data has been written to the user EEPROM, it can be retrieved using the process outlined above
for reading calibration data, but calling the FETCH_USER_EEPROM registers instead.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 21
EEPROM
ADD (HEX)
# DATA
POINTS
#
BYTES TYPE Array matri x DESCRIPTION
0X00 1 4 U32 [1x1] Ma nufacturi ng Information
0X04 1 4 U32 [1x1] Product Serial Number
0X08 1 4 U32 [1x1] RF Module Number
0X0C 1 4 U32 [1x1] Product Manufac ture Date
0x10 1 4 U32 [1x1] Las t Cal ibration Da te
0X2C 1 4 F32 [1x1] Fi rmware Revisi on
0x30 1 4 F32 [1x1] LO Hardwa re Revis ion
0x34 1 4 F32 [1x1] SC Hardware Revis i on
0x50 1 4 F32 [1x1] Cal ibra tion Temperature
0x54 1 4 U32 [1x1] TCXO DAC Val ue
0x58 2 8 F32 [1x2] Reserved
0x64 72 288 F32 [3x24] YIG Cal ibration (Reserved)
0x18 4 1 4 F32 [1x1] IF Fil ter 0 Bandwidth
0x18 8 1 4 F32 [1x1] IF Fil ter 1 Bandwidth
0x1A0 24 96 F32 [3x8] Temperature Coeffici ents
0x20 4 153 612 F32 [3x51] IF3_FILTER0 Response Calibr ati on
0x46 C 153 612 F32 [3x51] IF3_FILTER1 Respons e Cal ibration
0x78 8 1 4 F32 [1x1] IF Invert Gai n
0x78 C 1 4 F32 [1x1] Reserved
0x79 0 1 4 F32 [1x1] IF3_FILTER1 Gain
0x79 8 90 360 F32 [3x30] IF Attenuator Cal ibration
0x9F8 1650 6600 R32 [33x5 0] RF cali bration
W O R K I N G W I T H C A L I B R A T I O N D A T A
The device EEPROM on board has capacity for 16k bytes data. The EEPROM stores both device
information and calibration data, which the user may choose to use to correct for conversion gain. Users
are not required to use the onboard calibration to compensate for the gain errors associated with
temperature, attenuator settings, frequency, pass-band ripple, and filter path selection. Alternatively,
users can perform their own system calibration to remove these errors if the unit is integrated into a
larger system whose external factors affect the gain significantly. Furthermore, the calibration data
provided are raw measured data, and it is in the discretion of the user to decide on the appropriate
methods of applying the calibration. For example, the user may choose to fit the measured data to a
polynomial and use the polynomial coefficients to compute the necessary correction. Alternatively, the
user may choose to perform correction through the use of interpolation. The methods outlined in this
section only serve as guides on how to use the calibration data for correction, and these are the
methods used by SignalCore in deriving published specifications that indicate the use of calibration. The
function sc5305a_CalcGain utilizes the methods outlined here and may be used to compute the device
gain for any particular setting of the device.
Table 5. EEPROM memory map of device attributes and raw calibration data.
Table 5 lists the calibration EEPROM map of the SC5305A, indicating how and where board information
and calibration data are stored. Since there are only 16k bytes on the EEPROM, SignalCore recommends
that all data be read into host memory on initialization of the device and parsed for further
mathematical manipulation. Having it available on host memory at all times during an application will
greatly increase the speed of data manipulation. Another recommendation is to store the data to a file
and have the application read the file rather than the EEPROM to retrieve data on each execution
because of the relative slow EEPROM read rate. The sc5305a_ConvertRawCalData function is helpful to
convert EEPROM data to their original format and types.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 22
EEPROM Data Content
The following list describes the data contents of the EEPROM in detail. All addresses shown are the
starting offset positions in the EEPROM, and are the starting address for block of data.
Manufacturing Information (0x00). This is an unsigned integer value that contains information used by
the factory for production purposes.
Product Serial Number (0x04). This is an unsigned integer value that contains the SC5305A serial
number. It is unique for every product produced. It is used for the purpose of tracking the history of the
product.
RF Module Serial Number (0x08). This is the serial number of the shielded RF metal enclosure containing
the analog and RF circuitry. All calibration data are stored on the EEPROM within the enclosure.
Calibration data are written to this EEPROM at the factory are tracked using the RF module serial
number for the SC5305A.
Product Manufacture Date (0x0C). This is an unsigned integer: byte 3 is the Year, byte 2 is the Month,
byte 1 is the day of the month, and byte 0 is the hour of the day.
Last Calibration Date (0x10). This is an unsigned integer: byte 3 is the Year, byte 2 is the Month, byte 1
is the day of the month, and byte 0 is the hour of the day.
Firmware Revision (0x2C). This is a float 32 value containing the firmware revision.
LO Hardware Revision (0x30). This is a float 32 value containing the local oscillator hardware revision.
SC Hardware Revision (0x34). This is a float 32 value containing the signal chain hardware revision.
Calibration Temperature (0x50). This is a float 32 value containing the temperature at which the device
was calibrated.
TCXO DAC Value (0x54). This is an unsigned integer containing the value for the reference DAC to adjust
the precision of the temperature-compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO).
YIG Calibration (0x64). Data is reserved for device use.
IF Filter Bandwidths (0x184, 0x188). These two float 32 data points contain the filter bandwidths of
IF3_FILTER0 and IF3_FILTER1, respectively. These are only available if the product contains non-standard
filters, different from those provided with the base product.
Gain / Temperature Coefficients (0x1A0). This is a 3x8 float matrix, where data is concatenated by rows,
that is, data is read back row by row. These coefficients, derived during calibration, are needed to
compute for gain as a function of temperature. They are 2nd order polynomial coefficients and are
measured over eight different frequencies. See “Gain Correction” section for more information on gain
correction factors. Table 6 is an example of the coefficient data and their format. Variables and
are the first and second order coefficients.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 23
Frequency
(MHz)
50.0
250
500
1000
1500
2500
2800
3800
-0.04500
-0.04800
-0.05600
-0.05000
-0.04500
-0.04800
-0.05600
-0.05000
-0.00038
-0.00035
-0.00029
-0.00038
-0.00038
-0.00035
-0.00029
-0.00038
Frequency Offset (MHz)
-12
-11.5
. . .
-5
. . .
-.5 0 .5
. . . 5 . . .
11.5
12
Gain Error
-58.2
-20.6
. . .
0.9
. . .
0.2
0.0
0.3
. . .
-0.2
. . .
-12.8
-30.4
Phase Error(radians)
.286
.138
. . .
.053
. . .
.012 0 .011
. . .
. . .
. . .
-.129
-.134
IF3_Attenuator 2
0.973
1.927
2.948
3.912 . . . .
28.630
29.634
IF3_Attenuator1
0.989
1.970
2.998
3.989
28.890
29.874
IF1_ Attenuator
0.995
2.028
3.038
4.023 . . . .
28.868
29.854
Table 6. An example of gain-temperature coefficients data and format.
IF3_FILTER0 Response Calibration (0x204). This is a 3x51 float matrix, and data is read back row by row.
This set of data measures pass-band amplitude variation with respect to the center IF, and phase
deviation from linear phase of filter IF3_FILTER0. There are a total of 51 offset frequency points from the
center IF frequency measured inside the bandwidth of the filter. Table 7 is an example of the data and
format.
IF3_FILTER1 Response Calibration (0x46C). This is a 3x51 float matrix, and data is read back row by row.
This set of data measures pass-band amplitude variation with respect to the center IF, and phase
deviation from linear phase of filter IF3_FILTER1. There are a total of 51 offset frequency points from the
center IF frequency measured inside the bandwidth of the filter. Table 7 is an example of the data and
format.
Table 7. Relative IF gain and phase response calibration and format.
IF Invert Gain Correction (0x788). This is a float that contains the change in IF gain when the device is
switched to invert the IF spectrum. The default gain in the IF is the non-inverted mode gain.
IF3_Filter1 Gain Correction (0x790). This is a float that contains the change in IF gain when the device is
switched to the IF3_FILTER1 path. The default gain in the IF is the IF3_FILTER0 path gain.
IF Attenuator Calibration (0x798). This is a 3x30 float matrix, containing the calibrated attenuation
values of the three IF attenuators. Data is read in row by row. Each attenuator has 30 attenuation steps,
and each row correspond to one attenuator. The first row is the attenuation values of IF3_ATTEN2, the
second row contains the values or IF3_ATTEN1, and the third row contains the values of IF1_ATTEN.
Table 8 is an example of the data and its format. Since the IF bandwidth is typically less than 40 MHz
wide and centered at a fixed frequency, it is sufficient to perform the calibration at the center IF as
attenuation variation is insignificant over its range.
Table 8. An example of IF attenuation calibration.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 24
Frequency (MHz)
3 5 10 . 500 . . . 3875
3900
Preamp Gain
20.564
20.643
20.456
.
20.003 . . . 19.654
19.231
Gain
33.223
33.423
33.213
.
33.102 . . . 29.980
29.450
RF_ATTEN 1 dB
0.988
0.955
1.093
.
0.973 . . . 1.008
0.995
RF _ATTEN 2 dB
1.921
2.001
2.045
.
2.056 . . . 1.932
2.051
.
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . RF_ATTEN 30 dB
29.645
29.854
30.065
.
29.588 . . . 29.260
29.572
Equation 1
RF calibration (0x9F8). This is a 33x50 float matrix. Table 9 is an example of the data and format for the
RF calibration data. RF calibration contains data for preamplifier gain, gain with zero RF and IF
attenuation, and attenuation values of the RF attenuator for fifty frequency points that span the
operational frequency range of the SC5305A. Data is read in concatenation of rows. For example, all the
frequency values are read in first, then the preamplifier gain values, followed by the zero attenuationsetting gain, etc. There are a total of 1650 values read that must be read from the EEPROM to form the
full set of calibration.
Table 9. Example of the RF calibration data and its format.
Frequency Correction
On power-up, the SC5305A automatically applies the calibration value to the on-board reference DAC
that controls the TCXO, which is the primary frequency reference of the device. The user may choose to
reprogram the DAC with the 16 bit code obtained from the EEPROM at starting address 0x54, or with
another value, by writing the REFERENCE_DAC register (0x17).
Gain Correction
The SC5305A has seven dynamic variables that affect its gain, namely, pre-amplifier state (on/off), IF
attenuator settings, RF attenuator setting, filter path, inversion gain, input frequency, and temperature.
Correction of gain needs to take into account five main factors. As noted in the “EEPROM Data Content”
section, the pre-amplifier gain, through gain (no attenuation, no pre-amplification), RF attenuation, and
gain-over-temperature variation are calibrated over the span of the SC5305A frequency range. These
are the frequency dependent parameters that are combined with the IF attenuation to make the total
gain calculation.
Let us start by writing the gain equation with no dependence on temperature or frequency, and with the
pre-amplifier turned on. We get the following equation:
where
is the total gain of the device,
is the attenuation of the RF attenuator,
gain change in spectral inversion mode, and is the attenuation of the the IF attenuators. If the
preamplifier is off, no inversion, default filter path, and no attenuation applied then
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 25
is the gain of the preamplifier, is the through gain,
is the gain change of IF3_FILTER1 path,
. Writing
is the
Frequency (MHz);
3 5 19
… … 950
1050
…
3875
3900
Measured Gain;
33.223
33.423
33.213
… … 32.652
32.482
…
29.980
29.450
1000
32.453
Equation 2
Equation 3
Equation 1 with dependency on temperature, we add on the temperature dependent gain factor
and obtain the following:
where is the temperature of the device and is the fixed temperature at which calibration was
performed. The “Reading the Device Temperature” section provides information on how unsigned raw
temperature data is converted to Celsius, a floating point type. Taking the frequency dependence of the
measured parameters into consideration, Equation 2 may be rewritten as
Note that the IF attenuation values, do not need to be frequency dependent as discussed
earlier. Using the IF attenuator calibration is as simple as substituting the intended value with the
calibrated value. From Table 8, one would use 29.854 dB for an intended 30 dB attenuation. The other
two variables,
and
, are also frequency independent as they are only referred to at
the center of the IF band, and their values are simply summed in the total gain equation. Only those
parameters that depend on frequency and/or temperature are treated below.
To obtain calibrated gain values from the parameters that are a function of frequency, interpolation is
required to provide the best estimated values. A natural cubic Spline interpolation is suggested
for
, , and . The important input parameters for a cubic spline
interpolation are the two arrays and , and an arbitrary point . The output of the interpolation is
some interpolated value based on the inputs. is the set of independent values, is the set of
dependent values, and is an arbitrary independent value to obtain the interpolated value . For
example, Table 10 lists the input and output parameters to obtain the gain .
Table 10. Parameters for a spline interpolation.
From experience, having a large [X] and [Y] array of points does not necessarily provide the best
interpolated value due the nature of trying to fit a function over many points and over many octaves of
frequency. Better results are obtained from a set of localized calibrated points around the point of
interest. The function sc5305a_CalcGain uses six localized [X] points to compute the interpolated point.
Using localized points, the example on Table 10 is re-tabulated in Table 11. Similarly, frequency
dependent preamplifier gain and RF attenuation may be derived.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 26
Frequency (MHz);
850
900
950
1050
1100
1150
Gain;
32.681
32.673
32.652
32.482
32.419
32.418
1000
32.532
Equation 4
Equation 5
Frequency (MHz)
50.0
250
500
1000
1500
2500
2800
3800
dB
-0.340
-0.343
-0.351
-0.348
-0.354
-0.351
-0.355
-0.357
Table 11. Localized parameters for spline interpolation.
To find the change in gain with respect to change in temperature involves a couple of steps; first
determine the array values of , where is the frequency point at which a measurement was
made, and then as a second step, use interpolation to determine the at some frequency .
Again, natural cubic spline interpolation is recommended in the second step. Let us outline a method to
determine at frequency; there are a total of eight frequency points for this calibration.
The calibration values retrieved from the EEPROM are second order polynomial coefficients fitted to
measured data. Writing the general form of the gain function using coefficients, we have:
Here is the order coefficient measured some frequency. The gain deviation at temperature
from the gain measured at the calibration temperature can be written as
Using Equation 5 and the temperature coefficients of Table 6, we obtain the following:
Table 12. Calculated gain changes at the measured frequency points.
After determining the set of gain deviations at some temperature, we apply spline interpolation to the
set of values to obtain , change in gain with respect to both temperature and
frequency. Using Table 12 and the convention developed here, the spline parameters are
, , and .
IF Response Correction
The gain correction procedure outlined above only applies to a signal that is centered in the 70 MHz IF
band. The device’s Fine-Tune mode (1 Hz) is able to place any RF signal at the center of the IF, so for
narrow bandwidth signals (typically less than a MHz), applying the center IF gain correction and
assuming no deviation from linear phase is sufficient. However, for a large bandwidth signal that spans
several MHz, it is important to apply gain and phase correction to the offset frequencies; those that are
offset from the center IF. Although SignalCore performs calibration of the amplitude and phase over the
bandwidth of the IF filters (available on the device calibration EEPROM), it is recommended that the
user perform in-situ system equalization for digital broadband applications for improved performance.
,
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 27
Measured IF gain and phase error response is available for both filter paths; the user simply needs to
properly select the path of interest. The measurement is made using a vector network analyzer in the
frequency domain, covered by fifty-one evenly spaced frequency points. The amplitude (gain) error
values are measured with respect to the center frequency and are given in decibels, while the phase
error values are in radians. The phase errors are deviations from linear phase. Each set of calibrated
points consists of a 3x51 floating point array (see Table 7 as an example). There are several ways to
apply the frequency domain calibration:
1. Determine a fitted polynomial function for the amplitude error (gain) and multiply this function with
the uncorrected amplitude spectrum. Add the two values if dealing in decibels. Additionally,
determine a fitted polynomial function for the phase error and add values derived from this function
with the uncorrected phase. To derive, let be the measured uncorrected value, be
the fitted polynomial to the calibrated error values, and be the corrected measured value.
Also let denote the principle value of the phase of the above terms, and we can relate all the
terms as
From the above equation, we see that the magnitude terms are multiplied and the phase terms
added. In the discrete sense (digitized) for every frequency value, , we apply the above equation
to correct for the non-ideality of the IF filter.
2. The other method finds the magnitude and error points through interpolation methods such as
Spline, then multiplying the error magnitude with the uncorrected magnitude and adding the error
and uncorrected phases. This is similar to method 1, but instead of using a fitted function to obtain
the error values, interpolation is used. Interpolation is generally a slower process. This is the method
implemented in the library function sc5305a_CalcIfResponseCorrection.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 28
S O F T W A R E A P I L I B R A R Y F U N C T I O N S
SignalCore’s philosophy is to provide products to our customers whose lower hardware functions are
easily accessible. For experienced users who wish to use direct, low-level control of frequency and gain
settings, having the ability to access the registers directly is a necessity. However, others may wish for
simpler product integration using higher level function libraries and not having to program device
registers directly. The functions listed below comprise the function set of the dynamic-linked library
(Windows operating systems) and shared library (Linux operating system) versions of the SC5305A API.
The LabVIEW palette library differs slightly due to the unique requirements of the LabVIEW
programming environment (e.g., LabVIEW already provides standard math functions for curve fitting
with spline interpolation).
sc5305a_ListResources
sc5305a_OpenDevice
sc5305a_CloseDevice
sc5305a_RegWrite
sc5305a_RegRead
sc5305a_InitDevice
sc5305a_SetStandby
sc5305a_SetFrequency
sc5305a_SetPreamp
sc5305a_SetSignalChain
sc5305a_SetSynthesizerMode
sc5305a_SetIfFilterPath
sc5305a_SetReferenceClock
sc5305a_SetReferenceDac
sc5305a_SetIfInversion
sc5305a_WriteUserEeprom
sc5305a_SetSignalPhase
sc5305a_SetSpurMode
sc5305a_GetDeviceStatus
sc5305a_GetTemperature
sc5305a_ReadCalEeprom
sc5305a_ReadUserEeprom
sc5305a_ReadUserEepromBulk
sc5305a_GetRawCalData
sc5305a_GetCalData
sc5305a_CalcAutoAttenuation
sc5305a_CalcGain
sc5305a_CalcIfResponseCorrection
sc5305a_ConvertRawCalData
sc5305a_ConvertRawTempData
sc5305a_Spline
sc5305a_SplineInterp
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 29
Each of these functions is described in more detail on the following pages. To program in C/C++,
SignalCore defines the following constants and types which are contained in the C header file,
sc5305A.h. These constants and types are useful not only as an include file for developing applications
using the SC5305A libraries, but also for writing device drivers independent of those provided by
SignalCore.
Constants Definitions
/* 2-D parameters for storing calibration data */
#define RFCALPARAM 33 // rows of caldata
#define RFCALFREQ 50 // frequency points
#define IFATTENUATOR 3 // total number of IF attenuators
#define IFATTENCALVALUE 30 // attenuation steps 1-30 dB
#define IFRESPONSEPARAM 3 // frequency, amplitude, phase
#define IFRESPONSEFREQ 51 // frequency points over the bandwidth
#define TEMPCOPARAM 3 // frequency, coeff(1), coeff(2)
#define TEMPCOFREQ 8 // frequency points
/* Attenuator assignment */
#define IF3ATTENUATOR2 0
#define IF3ATTENUATOR1 1
#define RFATTENUATOR 2
#define IF1ATTENUATOR 3
#define CALEEPROMSIZE 15168
#define USEREEPROMSIZE 16384
/* Tune mode parameters */
#define FASTTUNEENABLE 1
#define DISABLEDFINEMODE 0 // 1 MHz tuning steps, PLL implementation
#define PLLFINEMONDE 1 // 25 KHz tuning steps, PLL implementation
#define DDSFINEMODE 2 // 1 Hz tuning steps, DDS implementation
/* Error set */
#define SUCCESS 0
#define DEVICEERROR -1
#define TRANSFERERERROR -2
#define INPUTNULL -3
#define COMMERROR -4
#define INPUTNOTALLOC -5
#define EEPROMOUTBOUNDS -6
#define INVALIDARGUMENT -7
#define INPUTOUTRANGE -8
#define NOREFWHENLOCK -9
#define NORESOURCEFOUND -10
#define INVALIDCOMMAND -11
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 30
Type Definitions
typedef unsigned char bool;
typedef struct deviceAttribute_t
{
unsigned int productSerialNumber;
unsigned int rfModuleSerialNumber;
float firmwareRevision;
float loHardwareRevision;
float scHardwareRevision;
unsigned int *calDate; //size of 4 year,month,day,hour
unsigned int *manDate; //size of 4 year,month,day,hour
} deviceAttribute_t;
typedef struct calibrationData_t
{
float **rfCal; // RF gain calibration
float **ifAttenCal; // IF attenuators calibration
float **ifFil0ResponseCal; // IF filter 0 response calibration
float **ifFil1ResponseCal; // IF filter 1 response calibration
float **tempCoeff; // temperature coefficients
float rfCalTemp; // temperature T0 at which calibration was done
float ifFilter1GainError; // Gain error when switched to filter 1 path
float ifFilter0Bw; // filter 0 BW in MHz
float ifFilter1Bw; // filter 1 BW in MHz
float invertGainError; // gain error when spectral inversion enabled
unsigned int tcxoDac; // The TCXO dac value at T0
} calibrationData_t;
typedef struct attenuator_t
{
unsigned int if3Atten2Value;
unsigned int if3Atten1Value;
unsigned int rfAttenValue;
unsigned int if1AttenValue;
} attenuator_t;
typedef struct deviceStatus_t
{
bool tcxoPllLock;
bool vcxoPllLock;
bool lo1Pll3Lock;
bool lo2PllLock;
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 31
bool lo3PllLock;
bool lo1Pll1Lock;
bool lo1Pll2Lock;
bool extRefDetected;
bool refClkOutEnable;
bool extRefLockEnable;
bool ifBandSelect;
bool preampEnable;
bool standbyEnable;
bool pxiClkEnable;
} deviceStatus_t;
typedef struct ifResponseCorrect_t
{
float ampCorrect;
float phaseCorrect;
} ifResponseCorrect_t;
Function Definitions and Usage
The functions listed below are found in the sc5305a.dll dynamic linked library These functions are also
provided in the SC5305A LabVIEW palette, except in cases where an existing native function already
exists to perform the same or similar task. The LabVIEW functions contain context help (Ctrl+H) to
provide further clarification of each function.
Function: sc5305a_ListResources(char **visaResource, unsigned int *size)
Definition: int sc5305a_ListResources(char **visaResource, unsigned int *size)
Return: Error code
Output: char **visaResources (pointer list to device resources)
int size (number of devices found)
Description: sc5305a_ListResources searches for SignalCore SC5305A devices connected to the host
computer and returns an array containing their resource IDs. The user can use this
information to open the device(s). See sc5305a_OpenDevice function for information
on how to open a device.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 32
// Declaring
char ** visaResource;
unsigned int deviceHandle;
int devicesFound;
int i, status;
// Allocate memory for possible 100 devices with 1000 char description
char **visaResource = (char**)malloc(sizeof(char*)* MAXDEVICES);
for(i = 0; i< MAXDEVICES; i++) visaResource[i] = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*1000);
status = sc5305a_ListResources(visaResource, &devicesFound);
if(devicesFound == 0)
{
for(i = 0; i< MAXDEVICES;i++) free(visaResource[i]);
free(visaResource);
}
printf("There are %d SignalCore SC5305A devices found. \n", devicesFound);
for (i = 0;i<devicesFound;i++) printf("%d. %s \n",i + 1,visaResource[i]);
status = sc5305a_OpenDevice(visaResource[0], deviceHandle); // get handle to the first listed device
// Free memory
for(i = 0; i< MAXDEVICES;i++) free(visaResource[i]);
free(visaResource);
//
// Do something with the device
//
//Close the device
int status = sc5305a_CloseDevice(deviceHandle);
Function: sc5305a_OpenDevice
Definition: int sc5305a_OpenDevice(char *visaResource, unsigned int *deviceHandle)
Return: Error code
Output: char *visaResource (char pointer to the resource ID)
unsigned int deviceHandle (device handle return)
Description: sc5305a_OpenDevice opens the device and turns on the front panel “active” LED if
successful. This function returns a handle to the device for other function calls.
Function: sc5305a_CloseDevice
Definition: int sc5305a_CloseDevice(unsigned int *deviceHandle)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the device to be closed)
Description: sc5305a_CloseDevice closes the device associated with the device handle and turns off
the “active” LED of the front panel if it is successful.
Example: To exercise the functions that open and close the device:
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 33
unsigned int deviceStatus;
int status = sc5305a_RegRead(deviceHandle,0x18,0x01,&deviceStatus);
int status = sc5305a_RegWrite(deviceHandle, 0x11, 0x020A);
Function: sc5305a_RegWrite
Definition: int sc5305a_RegWrite(unsigned int *deviceHandle, unsigned char commandByte,
unsigned int instructWord)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
unsigned char commandByte (the address byte of the register to write to)
unsigned int instructWord (the data for the register)
Description: sc5305a_RegWrite writes the instructWord data to the register specified by the
commandByte. See the register map in Table 2 for more information. This function
should rarely be used.
Example: To set the RF attenuator value to 10 dB:
Function: sc5305a_RegRead
Definition: int sc5305a_RegRead(unsigned int *deviceHandle, unsigned char commandByte,
unsigned int instructWord, unsigned int *receivedWord)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
unsigned char commandByte (the address byte of the register to write to)
unsigned int instructWord (the data for the register)
unsigned int *receivedWord (data to be received)
Description: sc5305a_RegRead reads the data requested by the instructWord data to the register
specified by the commandByte. See the register map in Table 3 for more information.
Example: To read the status of the device:
Function: sc5305a_InitDevice
Definition: int sc5305a_InitDevice(unsigned int *deviceHandle, bool Mode)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
bool Mode (0 or 1)
Description: sc5305a_InitDevice initializes the device to power up state if Mode = 0, or reprograms
all device components again to the current programmed state if Mode = 1.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 34
Function: sc5305a_SetStandby
Definition: int sc5305a_SetStandby(unsigned int *deviceHandle, bool standbyStatus)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
bool standbyStatus (set to true (1) to set device in standby mode)
Description: sc5305a_SetStandby puts the device in standby mode where the power to the analog
circuits is disabled, conserving power.
Function: sc5305a_SetFrequency
Definition: int sc5305a_SetFrequency(unsigned int *deviceHandle, unsigned int frequency)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
unsigned int frequency (frequency in Hz)
Description: sc5305a_SetFrequency sets the RF frequency.
Function: sc5305a_SetAttenuator
Definition: int sc5305a_SetAttenuator(unsigned int *deviceHandle, unsigned int attenValue,
unsigned int attenuator)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
unsigned int attenValue (the value assigned to the attenuator)
unsigned int attenuator (the designated attenuator, see header file)
Description: sc5305a_SetAttenuator sets the value of the designated attenuator.
Function: sc5305a_SetPreamp
Definition: int sc5305a_SetPreamp(unsigned int *deviceHandle, bool preampStatus)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
bool preampStatus (turn on/off the preamp)
Description: sc5305a_SetPreamp enables or disables the RF preamplifier.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 35
attenuator_t *atten;
bool preamp = 0;
atten = (attenuator_t*)malloc(sizeof(attenuator_t)); //casting may not be necessary
// set for rfLevel = 0 dBm, mixerLevel = -20, ifLevel = 0 dBm, Pream off
atten->if3Atten2Value = 8;
atten->if3Atten1Value = 2;
atten->rfAttenValue = 20;
atten->if1AttenValue = 0;
int status = sc5305a_SetSignalChain(deviceHandle, atten, preamp);
free(atten);
Function: sc5305a_SetSignalChain
Definition: int sc5305a_SetSignalChain(unsigned int *deviceHandle, attenuator_t *atten,
bool preampStatus)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
attenuator_t atten (values to the attenuators contained in type)
bool preampStatus (enable/disable the preamp)
Description: sc5305a_SetSignalChain sets all the attenuators and the preamp state. This simplifies
the programming flow when used with sc_5305a_CalcAutoAttenuation, which returns
the attenuator_t structure.
Example: Define attenuator_t atten and use it in the function:
Function: sc5305a_SetSynthesizerMode
Definition: int sc5305a_SetSynthesizerMode(unsigned int *deviceHandle, bool fastTuneEnable,
unsigned int fineTuneMode)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
bool fastTuneEnable (enable/disable faster frequency stepping)
unsigned int fineTuneMode (selection of 1 MHz, 25 kHz, 1 Hz step resolution)
Description: sc5305a_SetSynthesizerMode enables/disables fast tuning, and sets the step resolution
of the downconverter.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 36
Function: sc5305a_SetIfFilterPath
Definition: int sc5305a_SetIfFilterPath(unsigned int *deviceHandle, bool ifFilterPath)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
bool ifFilterPath (selection of IF filter 0 or filter 1)
Description: sc5305a_SetIfFilterPath selects the IF filter.
Function: sc5305a_SetReferenceClock
Definition: int sc5305a_SetReferenceClock(unsigned int *deviceHandle, bool lockExtEnable,
bool RefOutEnable, bool Clk100Enable)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
bool lockExtEnable (enables phase locking to an external source)
bool RefOutEnable (enables the clock to driven out the REF OUT port)
bool Clk100Enable (changes REF OUT between 10MHz to 100 MHz)
Description: sc5305a_SetReferenceClock configures the reference clock behavior of the device.
Function: sc5305a_SetReferenceDac
Definition: int sc5305a_SetReferenceDac(unsigned int *deviceHandle, unsigned int dacValue)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
unsigned int dacValue (16-bit value for the reference DAC)
Description: sc5305a_SetReferenceDac set the value of the DAC that tunes the internal reference
TXCO. The user may choose to override the value stored in memory to improve
frequency accuracy.
Function: sc5305a_SetIfInversion
Definition: int sc5305a_SetIfInversion(unsigned int *deviceHandle, bool ifInvertEnable)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
bool ifInvertEnable (enable spectral inversion)
Description: sc5305a_SetIfInversion enables the down-converted signal to be spectrally inverted
with respect the RF input. This may be beneficial for some applications.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 37
Function: sc5305a_SetSignalPhase
Definition: int sc5305a_SetSignalPhase(unsigned int *deviceHandle, float phase)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
float phase (phase in degrees, 0-360 deg, 0.1 resolution)
Description: sc5305a_SetSignalPhase increases the phase of the signal by the amount specified.
Function: sc5305a_SetSpurMode
Definition: int sc5305a_SetSpurMode(unsigned int *deviceHandle, bool phase)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
bool phase (modes 0 or 1)
Description: sc5305a_SetSpurMode when set to 1 changes the LO frequency scheme internally to
move a leakage spur at center band to an offset of 1.25 MHz. Under normal mode 0, this
spur is typically < -120 dBm and by turning on mode 1 improves this in most devices.
Function: sc5305a_WriteUserEeprom
Definition: int sc5305a_WriteUserEeprom(unsigned int *deviceHandle, unsigned int memAdd,
unsigned char byteData)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
unsigned int memAdd (memory address to write to)
unsigned char byteData (byte to be written to the address)
Description: sc5305a_WriteUserEeprom writes one byte of data to the memory address specified.
Function: sc5305a_GetDeviceStatus
Definition: int sc5305a_GetDeviceStatus(unsigned int *deviceHandle,
deviceStatus_t *deviceStatus)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
Output: deviceStatus_t *deviceStatus (outputs the status of the device such as PLL lock)
Description: sc5305a_GetDeviceStatus retrieves the status of the device such as LO phase-lock
status and current device settings.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 38
deviceStatus_t *devStatus;
devStatus = (deviceStatus_t*)malloc(sizeof(deviceStatus_t));
int status = sc5305a_GetDeviceStatus(deviceHandle, devStatus);
if(devStatus->vcxoPllLock)
printf("The 100 MHz is phase-locked \n");
else
printf("The 100 MHz is not phase-locked \n");
free(deviceStatus);
Example: Code showing how to use this function:
Function: sc5305a_GetTemperature
Definition: int sc5305a_GetTemperature(unsigned int *deviceHandle, float *temperature)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
Output: float *temperature (temperature in degrees C)
Description: sc5305a_GetTemperature retrieves the internal temperature of the device.
Function: sc5305a_ReadCalEeprom
Definition: int sc5305a_ReadCalEeprom(unsigned int *deviceHandle, unsigned int memAdd,
unsigned char *byteData)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
unsigned int memAdd (EEPROM memory address)
Output: unsigned char *byteData (the read byte data)
Description: sc5305a_ReadCalEeprom reads back a byte from the memory address of the calibration
EEPROM.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 39
unsigned char eepromData = (unsigned char*)malloc(512);
unsigned char *bufferIn = (unsigned char*)malloc(64);
int i = 0;
int bufferCount = 0;
unsigned int add = 1024;
while(bufferCount < 8){
int status = sc5305a_ReadUserEepromBulk(deviceHandle, add+bufferCount*64, bufferIn);
for (i = 0; i < 64; i++) eepromData[i + bufferCount*64] = bufferIn[i];
bufferCount ++;
}
free(bufferIn);
Function: sc5305a_ReadUserEeprom
Definition: int sc5305a_ReadUserEeprom(unsigned int *deviceHandle, unsigned int memAdd,
unsigned char *byteData)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
unsigned int memAdd (EEPROM memory address)
Output: unsigned char *byteData (the read byte data)
Description: sc5305a_ReadUserEeprom reads back a byte from the memory address of the user
EEPROM.
Function: sc5305a_ReadUserEepromBulk
Definition: int sc5305a_ReadUserEepromBulk(unsigned int *deviceHandle,
unsigned int startMemAdd, unsigned char *byteDataArray)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
unsigned int memAdd (EEPROM start memory address)
Output: unsigned char *byteData (the read 64 bytes of data)
Description: sc5305a_ReadUserEepromBulk reads back 64 bytes beginning at the start memory
address of the user EEPROM.
Example: Code to read back 512 bytes of data starting at address 1024 into eepromData:
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 40
Function: sc5305a_GetRawCalData
Definition: int sc5305a_GetRawCalData(unsigned int *deviceHandle,
unsigned char *rawCalDataArray)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
Output: unsigned char *rawCalDataArray (the entire calibration EEPROM contents)
Description: sc5305a_GetRawCalData reads the entire calibration EEPROM into rawCalDataArray.
The array must be allocated for at least 15168 bytes.
Example: See code block example below for using sc5305a_ConvertRawCalData.
Function: sc5305a_GetCalData
Definition: int sc5305a_GetCalData(unsigned int *deviceHandle,
deviceAttribute_t *deviceAttributes, calibrationData_t *calData)
Return: The status of the function
Input: unsigned int *deviceHandle (handle to the opened device)
Output: deviceAttribute_t *deviceAttributes (device attributes)
calibrationData_t *calData (structured calibration data)
Description: sc5305a_GetCalData returns the device attributes such as serial number, calibration
date, and also structured calibration data used for gain calculation and correction.
Example: See code block example under sc5305a_ConvertRawCalData.
Function: sc5305a_ConvertRawCalData
Definition: int sc5305a_ConvertRawCalData(unsigned char *rawCalData,
deviceAttribute_t *deviceAttributes, calibrationData_t *calData)
Input: unsigned char *rawCalData (entire cal EEPROM data in raw byte format)
Output: calibrationData_t *calibrationData (current calibration data)
deviceAttribute_t *deviceAttributes (device attributes)
Description: sc5305a_ConvertRawCalData organizes/decodes the entire 15168 bytes of raw
calibration data read from the EEPROM and returns two data formats deviceAttribute_t and calibrationData_t. The array rawCalData must contain valid
calibration data, obtained by reading the EEPROM, and rawCalData, calData and
deviceAttributes must have memory allocated.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 41
//Declaring
calibrationData_t* calData;
deviceAttribute_t* devAttr;
unsigned char *rawCal;
//allocate memory for raw calibration
rawCal = (unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*CALEEPROMSIZE);
// Allocate memory; the user may use malloc() instead of calloc()
devAttr->calDate = (unsigned int*)calloc(4,sizeof(unsigned int));
devAttr->manDate = (unsigned int*)calloc(4,sizeof(unsigned int));
calData->rfCal = (float**)calloc(RFCALPARAM,sizeof(float*));
for(i = 0;i<RFCALPARAM;i++)
calData->rfCal[i] = (float*)calloc(RFCALFREQ,sizeof(float));
calData->ifAttenCal = (float**)calloc(IFATTENUATOR,sizeof(float*));
for(i = 0;i<IFATTENUATOR;i++)
calData->ifAttenCal[i] = (float*)calloc(IFATTENCALVALUE,sizeof(float));
calData->ifFil0ResponseCal = (float**)calloc(IFRESPONSEPARAM,sizeof(float*));
for(i = 0;i<IFRESPONSEPARAM;i++)
calData->ifFil0ResponseCal[i] = (float*)calloc(IFRESPONSEFREQ,sizeof(float));
calData->ifFil1ResponseCal = (float**)calloc(IFRESPONSEPARAM,sizeof(float*));
for(i = 0;i<IFRESPONSEPARAM;i++)
calData->ifFil1ResponseCal[i] = (float*)calloc(IFRESPONSEFREQ,sizeof(float));
calData->tempCoeff = (float**)calloc(TEMPCOPARAM,sizeof(float*));
for(i = 0;i<TEMPCOPARAM;i++)
calData->tempCoeff[i] = (float*)calloc(TEMPCOFREQ,sizeof(float));
//read in raw calibration
int status = sc5305a_GetRawCal(deviceHandle, rawCal);
//Calling the function to structure the calibration data
status = sc5305a_convertRawCalData(rawCal, devAttr, calData);
//alternatively instead of calling the above 2 functions
status = sc5305a_GetCalData(deviceHandle, devAttr, calData);
Example: Allocating memory for the input and output parameters in C, and calling the function.
Similarly, allocated memory must be de-allocated when no longer used or when the
program quits.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 42
Function: sc5305a_CalcAutoAttenuation
Definition: int sc5305a_CalcAutoAttenuation(unsigned int frequency, float inputRfLevel,
float inputMixerLevel, bool preampEnable,
float nominalIfOutLevel, bool if3Filter1Enable,
float temperature, calibrationData_t *calData, attenuator_t *attenuator)
Input: unsigned int frequency (input RF frequency in Hz)
float inputRfLevel (input RF level in dB)
float inputMixerLevel (input mixer level in dB)
bool preampEnable (preamplifier enabled)
float nominalIfOutLevel (nominal IF out level in dB)
bool if3Filter1Enable (Enable Filter 1 path in IF3)
float temperature (current device temperature)
calibrationData_t * calData (structured calibration data for the device)
Output: attenuator_t *attenuator (attenuation settings for RF, IF1, and final
IF3 attenuators)
Description: sc5305a_CalcAutoAttenuation returns the set of attenuation settings for all the
attenuators that will configure the SC5305A for best dynamic range operation based on
user input parameters such as frequency, mixer level, etc. The values are calculated to
maintain a good balance between the signal-to-noise dynamic range and the linearity
dynamic range. The input parameters are based on those of traditional spectrum
analyzers. The SC5305A downconverter is designed for best balanced dynamic range
with -20 dBm power at the input mixer and 0 dBm nominal power at the IF output port.
Each attenuator must have memory allocated before calling this function.
sc5305a_ConvertRawCalData must be called or valid structure calibration data must be
entered before calling this function.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 43
//Declaring
Attenuator_t *atten;
float deviceTemp;
//call a function to return the device temperature
function_to_sc5305a_GetTemperature( &deviceTemp);
unsigned int rfFreq = 1000000000; // 1.0 GHz
float rfLevel = 0; // expecting a 0 dBm input signal
float mixerLevel = -20; //set the mixer level requirement
bool preamp = 0; // since input level is 0 dB, no need for a preamp
float ifLevel = 0; // to obtain a level clost to 0 dBm at the IF
bool filterPath = 0; // use the default filter path in the IF
float temp = deviceTemp;
//Calling the function
int status = sc5305a_CalcAutoAttenuation(rfFreq, rfLevel,mixerLevel,preamp,ifLevel,filterPath,temp,
atten);
Example: Code showing how to properly use this function:
Function: sc5305a_CalcGain
Definition: int sc5305a_CalcGain(unsigned int frequency, bool preampEnable,
bool ifInvertEnable, bool if3Fil1Enable, attenuator_t *atten,
float temperature, calibrationData_t *calData, float *conversionGain)
Input: unsigned int frequency (input RF frequency in Hz)
bool preampEnable (preamplifier enabled)
bool ifInvertEnable (enable IF spectral inversion)
attenuator_t *atten (attenuation settings)
float temperature (temperature value of the device in degrees Celsius)
calibrationData_t *calData (calibration data for the device)
Output: float *conversionGain (calculated calibrate conversion gain for current settings)
Description: sc5305a_CalcGain calculates the calibrated gain based on the current user settings.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 44
Function: sc5305a_CalcIfResponseCorrection
Definition: int sc5305a_CalcIfResponseCorrection(float *offsetFrequencies, unsigned int nPoints,
bool ifFil1PathEnable, calibrationData_t *calData,
ifResponseCorrect_t *correctedIfResponse)
Input: float *offsetFrequencies (floating point number 1-D array)
unsigned int nPoints (number of points in the 1-D array)
bool ifFil1PathEnable (IF filter 1 path enable)
calibrationData_t *calibrationData (calibration data for the device)
Output: float *correctedIfResponse
Description: sc5305a_CalculateIfResponseCorrection determines the IF correct response for the set
of IF offset frequencies. These offset frequencies may be the frequency components of
an FFT of the acquired data being offset from its center frequency. To obtain the offset
frequencies, one can simply subtract the frequencies from the IF center frequency. For
example, if a digitizer sampling at 100 MHz is used to digitize the 70 MHz IF signal with
bandwidth of 3 MHz, the center of the digitized signal is 30 MHz +/- 1.5 MHz. After
performing digital spectral inversion and performing an FFT, take the subset of
frequency components from 28.5MHz to 31.5 MHz and subtract 30 MHz to obtain the
offset frequencies of -1.5 MHz to 1.5 MHz. Use this set of offset frequencies to compute
the gain and phase corrections to be applied to the original signal spectrum at 28.5 MHz
to 31.5 MHz. This algorithm may not be sufficient for computation of broadband signals
due to the lack of computation speed and correction accuracy. The calibration stored
does not account for in-band phase and amplitude variations due to temperature and
these variations may cause sufficient errors, especially in broadband digital signals. The
user should apply in situ equalization to correct for the in-band amplitude and phase
errors.
Function: sc5305a_ConvertRawTempData
Definition: int sc5305a_ConvertRawTempData(unsigned int rawTempData, float *temperature)
Input: unsigned int rawTempData (16-bit rawTempData stored in a 32-bit unsigned int)
Output: float *temperature (temperature value of the device in degrees Celsius)
Description: sc5305a_ConvertRawTempData converts the rawTempData variable into a floating
point number.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 45
Function: sc5305a_Spline
Definition: int sc5305a_Spline(double *xArray, double *yArray, int nPoints,
double firstBoundary , double secondBoundary, double *yInterpolant)
Input: double *xArray (the set of independent values)
double *yArray (the set of x-dependent function values; size is the same as xArray)
int nPoints (the number of points in xArray)
double firstBoundary (the second derivative of the first point in the set)
double secondBoundary (the second derivative of the last point in the set)
Output: double *yInterpolant (the return set of interpolants)
Description: sc5305a_Spline returns the spline interpolants of the input parameters.
Function: sc5305a_SplineInterp
Definition: int sc5305a_SplineInterp(double *xArray, double *yArray, double *yInterpolant,
double nPoints, double x, double *interpolatedYValue)
Input: double *xArray (the set of independent values)
double *yArray (the set of x-dependent function values; size is the same as xArray)
double *yInterpolant (the returned interpolant from spline())
int nPoints (the numbers of points in xArray)
double x (the value at which interpolation is performed)
Output: double *interpolatedYValue (the corresponding interpolated value at x)
Description: sc5305a_SplineInterp returns the spline interpolated value.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 46
C A L I B R A T I O N & M A I N T E N A N C E
The SC5305A is factory calibrated and ships with a certificate of calibration. SignalCore strongly
recommends that the SC5305A be returned for factory calibration every 12 months or whenever a
problem is suspected. The specific calibration interval is left to the end user and is dependent upon the
accuracy required for a particular application.
SC5305A calibration data is stored in the RF module (metal housing). Therefore, changing or replacing
interface adapters will not affect unit calibration. However, SignalCore maintains a calibration data
archive of all units shipped. Archiving this data is important should a customer need to reload calibration
data into their device for any reason. SignalCore also uses the archived data for comparative analysis
when units are returned for calibration.
Should any customer need to reload calibration data for their SC5305A, SignalCore offers free support
through support@signalcore.com. SignalCore will provide a copy of the archived calibration data along
with instructions on how to upload the file to the SC5305A.
The SC5305A requires no scheduled preventative maintenance other than maintaining clean, reliable
connections to the device as mentioned in the “Getting Started” section of this manual. There are no
serviceable parts or hardware adjustments that can be made by the end user.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 47
Rev 1.0.0
Initial release.
Rev 1.1.0
Revised images and connectivity references to reflect new I/O interface, updated EN and
IEC testing standards and EU Directive references.
Rev 2.0.0
Removed Appendix A (specifications are now available in separate datasheet document).
R E V I S I O N N O T E S
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 48
A P P E N D I X A - S P E C I F I C A T I O N S
Definition of Terms
The following terms are used throughout this datasheet to define specific conditions:
Specification (spec) Defines guaranteed performance of a calibrated instrument under the
following conditions:
Three hours storage at room temperature (standardized to 25 °C)
followed by thirty minutes minimum warm-up operation.
Specified environmental conditions are met within the specified
operating temperature range of 0 °C to 40 °C unless otherwise noted.
Recommended calibration intervals are used.
Typical data (typ) When used with <, > or in a range, defines performance met by
approximately 80% of all instruments manufactured. This data is not
guaranteed, does not include measurement uncertainty, and is valid only
at room temperature (standardized to 25 °C).
Nominal values (nom) Characterizes product performance by means of average performance of
a representative value for the given parameter (e.g. nominal impedance).
This data is not guaranteed and is valid only at room temperature
(standardized to 25 °C).
Measured values (meas) Characterizes expected product performance by means of measurement
results gained from individual samples.
Specifications are subject to change without notice. For the most recent product specifications, visit
www.signalcore.com.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual Rev 2.1.0 49
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Amplifude (dBc)
IF frequency (MHz)
10MHz
18 MHz
40 MHz
(1) RF input below 1 MHz suffers from amplitude roll-off and calibration is not valid below this
lower-end frequency. In the frequency range below the specified IF bandwidth (< ~15 MHz)
the first LO leakage appears inside the IF band. This LO leakage will appear as ~DC when the
RF is converted to baseband in the final analysis. Furthermore, because the LO appears inside
the IF band it will inter-modulate with the input RF signal to produce higher order in-band
spurious signals that may degrade signal integrity. It is recommended to attenuate the RF
signal before the first mixer by applying RF attenuation or attenuate after the first mixer by
applying IF1 attenuation. Suppressing the RF amplitude in front of the downconversion path
will reduce the spurious signal levels.
(2) The IF output polarity refers to the conversion polarity of the downconverter. When the
polarity is inverted the spectral content of at the output is inverted with respect to the input;
this process is commonly known as “spectral inversion” or “spectral flipping”. The choice
depends on the application. For digitizers that are sampling the IF in the even order Nyquist
zones that naturally inverting spectra, having the IF polarity inverted will produce noninverted baseband, and vice-versa. However this is only a convenience in this application case
because inverted spectrum, once digitized, can easily be re-inverted mathematically.
Spectral Specifications
RF input range
(1)
................................................................................................................................. 1 MHz to 3.9 GHz
IF output center frequency ............................................................................................................................... 70 MHz
IF output polarity
(2)
............................................................................................................... Non-inverted/Inverted
IF bandwidth (3 dB)
Final IF filter bypassed ................................................................................................................................ > 20 MHz
Final IF filter enabled (default) ................................................................................................................ > 18 MHz
Figure 5. Typical output IF response of filter options. A maximum of two IF filter options are available. Standard
IF option is a 20 MHz bandwidth path and a bypass (no filter) path.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual 50
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 10 100 1000 10000
Settle Time (ms)
Tuning Step (MHz)
settled to 0.5ppm
settled to 0.1 ppm
settled to 0.5 ppm
Fast Tune Mode Enabled
Normal Tune Mode Enabled
(3) To give the user flexibility, the device has four resolution modes; two coarse modes and two
fine modes. The coarse modes using fractional N PLL allow 1 MHz and 50 kHz steps while the
fine modes using PLL and DDS provide less than 1 Hz resolution. See the appropriate sections
of this manual for further information.
(4) Lock and settled to < 1 ppm of final frequencies of > 500 MHz and step size of < 10 MHz. For
final frequencies < 500 MHz the settle time applies to accuracy with 500 Hz of the final
frequency for a 10 MHz step. See Figure 7 for examples of other tuning step settling times.
When fast-tune mode is enabled the noise damping capacitor across the main YIG tuning coil
is disengaged, resulting in an increase of the rate of current flow through the coil and settle to
a steady state quicker. Lock time begins when the full tuning word command is received by
the device.
RF tuning
Frequency step resolution
Lock and settling times
Figure 6. Typical frequency settling time versus tuning step with a 3600 MHz final frequency.
(4)
(3)
.............................................................................................................................. 1 Hz
................................................................................................................................... 1 ms
(5)
Frequency reference
Technology ............................................................................... Temperature compensated crystal oscillator
Accuracy ................................ ± [(aging x last adjustment time lapse) + temp stability + cal accuracy]
Initial calibration accuracy ..................................................................................................................... ±0.05 ppm
Temperature stability
20 °C to 30 °C ........................................................................................................................................ ±0.25 ppm
0 °C to 55 °C .............................................................................................................................................. ±1.0 ppm
(6)
Aging .......................................................................................................................... ±1 ppm for first year @ 25 °C
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual 51
Offset
100 MHz
1000 MHz
2000 MHz
3500 MHz
100 Hz
-88
-87
-85
-83
1 kHz
-100
-99
-98
-97
10 kHz
-108
-107
-106
-105
100 kHz
-120
-119
-118
-117
1 MHz
-143
-142
-142
-141
10 MHz
-152
-152
-150
-148
-160
-150
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Phase Noise (dBc/Hz)
Offset Frequency (kHz)
100 MHz
1000 MHz
3500 MHz
100 MHz
Fast tune mode
Normal tune mode
(5) The frequency reference refers to the device’s internal 10 MHz TCXO time-base. Accuracy is in
parts-per-million or ppm (1x10-6).
(6) The customer must apply sufficient cooling to the device to keep the unit temperature as read
from its internal temperature sensor within the range of 40 °C to 45 °C at an ambient
temperature of 25 °C.
(7) Accuracy of the device for any given input RF signal.
Frequency accuracy
(7)
................................... ± (frequency reference accuracy * RF input frequency) Hz
Sideband phase noise (dBc/Hz)
(8)(9)(11)
RF Frequency
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual 52
Figure 7. Typical measured sideband noise.
(9)
(10) Sideband spurious signals are usually the result of the local oscillators in the device. Sources
of sideband spurious signals in the synthesized local oscillators are primarily due to
fractional-N spurious products in the PLL’s, DDS noise sources, and intermodulation between
oscillators within the multiple-loop PLL synthesizers. Fractional-N and DDS spurious
products affect spectral region below 200 kHz and intermodulation products affect spectral
regions out to a couple of MHz. SignalCore uses mathematical algorithms to properly select
the synthesizer parameters used in the multiple-loop fractional-N PLL to ensure that typical
sideband spurious products are better than the specifications.
(11) Specifications are valid for all modes of frequency tuning, whether is it PLL only mode or DDS
driven mode. As the YIG oscillator is sensitive to magnetic fields, magnetic noise due to
electrical fans, supply transformers, and other magnetic field-producing devices may induce
sideband noise on the signals when they are placed in close proximity. It is recommended that
users exercise good technical judgment when such accessories are needed (e.g., mounting a
cooling fan directly onto the RF enclosure of the device).
(8) Sideband phase noise as specified is based on measured sideband noise which includes both
phase noise and amplitude noise contributions. Sideband noise is specified for the
downconverter tune mode is set to NORMAL. See the appropriate sections in this manual for
further information how to set the device to NORMAL or FAST-TUNE modes.
(9) These results are obtained with input signal levels of 0 dBm at the mixer (no RF
attenuation) and the output IF level set to 3 dBm. The source is an ultra-low noise 100 MHz
OCXO with noise floor of -176 dBc/Hz. The 1000 MHz and 3500 MHz signals were
multiplied up from the same OCXO. The floor of the multiplied up 3500 MHz signal was
about -143 dBc/Hz so a phase-locked YIG oscillator was used to complete the measurement
for offset frequencies greater than 500 kHz. The YIG oscillator noise floor was better than
-160 dBc/Hz. In FAST-TUNE mode the noise damping capacitor across the YIG tuning coil is
disengaged, and as a result the close-in phase noise degrades.
LO related sideband spurious signals
(10)(11)
< 200 kHz .............................................................................................................................................................. -75 dBc
> 200 kHz .............................................................................................................................................................. -80 dBc
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual 53
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
-5 -3 -1 1 3 5
dBc
Frequency offset (MHz)
100 MHz carrier
10 MHz span
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
-100 -50 0 50 100
dBc
Offset Frequency (kHz)
100 MHz carrier
200 kHz span
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
-0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
dBc
Offset Frequency (kHz)
100 MHz Carrier
1 kHz span
Figure 8. Plots show the raw spectral purity for a 100 MHz input RF signal (LO = 4.775 GHz). Note that the power
supply noise of 60 Hz and its harmonics are in the noise. The measurement instrument is not phase-locked to
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual 54
the unit under test.
(12) Large and fast DC transients could damage the input solid state devices. Slow ramp up of DC
to 10 V is sustainable.
Amplitude Specifications
Input range
AC (preamplifier disabled) ............................................................................................................... +27 dBm max
AC (preamplifier enabled) ................................................................................................................. +23 dBm max
DC
Attenuation range
RF ................................................................................................................................................... 0 to 30 in 1 dB steps
IF
Input voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)
Preamp off, 0 dB input attenuation
(12)
............................................................................................................................................................................... 0 V
(13)
.............................................................................................................................................. 0 to 90 in 1 dB steps
10 MHz to 2.4 GHz .......................................................................................................................................... < 1.5
2.5 GHz to 3.6 GHz ........................................................................................................................................ < 1.75
Preamp on, 0 dB input attenuation
10 MHz to 2.4 GHz .......................................................................................................................................... < 1.5
2.5 GHz to 3.6 GHz .......................................................................................................................................... < 1.9
Gain range (@ 1GHz)
Minimum
(15)
Maximum (preamplifier disabled)
Maximum (preamplifier enabled)
(14)
........................................................................................................................................... -60 dB typical
(16)
.......................................................................................... 30 dB typical
(16)
........................................................................................... 50 dB typical
Preamplifier gain ........................................................................................................................................ 20 dB typical
RF amplitude accuracy (15 °C to 35 °C ambient)
RF gain response flatness (uncorrected) ........................................................................................ 8 dB typical
RF gain flatness response (corrected)
Absolute gain accuracy (corrected)
(17)
............................................................................................ ±0.75 dB
(17)
................................................................ ±0.9 dB (±0.5 dB typical)
IF amplitude accuracy (15 °C to 35 °C ambient)
IF in-band response flatness (uncorrected) .................................................................................. 3 dB typical
IF in-band response (corrected)
(16)
........................................................................................................... ±0.5 dB
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual 55
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Gain (dB)
Frequency (MHz)
Conversion Gain
Gain (No attenuation, preamp disabled)
Gain (No attenuation, preamp enabled)
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
55 60 65 70 75 80 85
Gain (dB)
IF Frequency (MHz)
IF Amplitude Response
Final IF filter enabled
Final IF filter bypassed
Figure 9. Typical RF conversion gain response @ 25 °C.
RF to IF group delay (80% of IF bandwidth)
Final IF filter enabled ............................................................................................................................... 1 s typical
Final IF filter bypassed ....................................................................................................................... 100 ns typical
IF phase linearity (80% of IF bandwidth)
Final IF filter enabled ........................................................................................................................... +/- 8 degrees
Final IF filter bypassed ........................................................................................................................ +/- 8 degrees
Figure 10. Typical IF amplitude response @ 25 °C for standard 20 MHz IF filter.
(18)
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual 56
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
60 65 70 75 80
phase (degrees)
IF frequency (MHz)
Ideal
measured
(13) There are three IF attenuators in total, each having 30 dB of attenuation. There are two
attenuators in the final stage, and one attenuator in the first IF stage after the first mixer. How
to effectively use them to optimize for performance is outlined in the appropriate sections of
this manual.
(14) These are typical gain specifications. The gain of the device is calibrated and stored in the
device calibration EEPROM.
(15) Minimal gain is specified when all attenuators are set to their maximum values and the RF
pre-amplifier is disabled.
(16) Maximum conversion gain is specified when all the attenuators are set to 0 dB attenuation.
(17) Correction stored in the calibration EEPROM must be applied properly. Users are not
obligated to use the calibration provided, may devise their own method of calibration and
correction should they choose to. User methods of calibration and application may improve
on the accuracies specified.
(18) For broadband signal operation it is recommended that users apply in situ amplitude and
phase equalization to the received signal to minimize amplitude and phase errors caused by
the device. Phase deviation at offset frequencies from the center frequency of 70 MHz is
stored in the calibration EEPROM. The calibration may be applied as a first order correction.
IF phase linearity deviation rate ................................................................................................ < 2 degrees/MHz
Figure 11. Phase deviation over 20 MHz.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual 57
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
995 997 999 1001 1003 1005
Power (dBc)
Frequency
1000.15 MHz carrier
10 MHz span
(19) Spurious responses are unwanted signals appearing at the IF output. All spurious products
are referenced to the RF input, meaning that they are treated as if they originate at the input
port of the device.
(20) Residual spurious signals are observed and referenced to the RF input of the device when
the RF input is terminated with a matched load. The RF and first IF (IF1) attenuators are set
to 0 dB attenuation and the final IF attenuators were adjusted to obtain an overall device
gain of 20 dB. The preamplifier is disabled.
(21) LO related spurious signals are unwanted signals produced at the IF output due to inter-
modulation of the local oscillators. These spurious signals are measured relative to an RF
signal present at the input. The specification referenced here is for a device configuration of
-20 dBm at the mixer, 0 dBm at the IF output, and a total gain of 20 dB.
(22) Image rejection is the ability of the device to reject an image signal of the RF frequency that
would otherwise produce the same result as the desired RF signal. The image of the desired
RF signal is calculated as
, where .
(23) IF rejection is the ability of the device to reject RF signals at any of the IF frequencies while
the device is tuned elsewhere. Signal level at the mixer is -20 dBm and total gain is 20 dB.
Dynamic Range Specifications
Spurious response
Residual spurious signals
(19)
(20)
LO related spurious signals
Image rejection
IF rejection
(22)
..................................................................................................................................... < -100 dBc
(23)
.............................................................................................................................................. < -115 dBc
............................................................................................................... < -100 dBm
(21)
................................................................................................................ < -80 dBc
Figure 12. Spectrum showing low LO related spurious signals for an input signal of 1000.15 MHz.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual 58
100 MHz
1000 MHz
3600 MHz
Noise floor (dBm/Hz)
-153
-152
-148
Noise figure (dB)
21
22
26
100 MHz
1000 MHz
3600 MHz
Noise floor (dBm/Hz)
-167
-166
-164
Noise figure (dB)
7 8 10
-170
-160
-150
-140
-130
-120
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000
Noise Power (dBm/Hz)
RF Input Frequency (MHz)
Input Noise Density
(26)
Preamp disabled
Preamp enabled
(24) Noise (thermal) is referred to the input of the device.
(25) The device is configured with 0 dB RF attenuation, 0 dB IF1 attenuation, and IF attenuators
adjusted to set the gain to 20 dB. This setting is made to be consistent with the configuration
for other specifications such as linearity and spurious responses so that the user may obtain a
clearer picture of the specified performance of the device. The RF input is terminated with a
matched 50 load.
(26) In spectrum analyzer and signal analyzer applications this is also commonly referred to as the
Displayed Average Noise Level (DANL). This assumes that the digitizer used does not limit the
performance of the device.
Input noise (15 °C to 35 °C ambient)
(24)
Preamplifier disabled
Preamplifier enabled
(25)
(25)
Figure 13. Measured noise density of the average of two lots.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual 59
100 MHz – 1 GHz
1 GHz – 2.5 GHz
2.5 GHz – 3.9 GHz
Preamplifier disabled
(27)(29)
16 [17]
17.5 [20]
18.5 [20]
Preamplifier enabled
(28)(29)
-5.0 [-2]
-3.0 [-1]
-2.0 [0]
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
998 999 1000 1001 1002
Power (dBm)
Frequency (MHz)
Input second harmonic intercept
point (dBm)
400 MHz
1000 MHz
1.8 GHz
Preamplifier disabled
62
62
58
Preamplifier enabled
32
33
30
(27) Specifications are based on 0 dB RF attenuation, 0 dB IF1 attenuation, two -20 dBm tones
with 1 MHz separation at the mixer, and final IF attenuators set to maintain 0 dBm at the IF
output.
(28) Specifications are based on 0 dB RF attenuation, 0 dB IF1 attenuation, two -30 dBm tones
with 1 MHz separation at the mixer, and final IF attenuators set to maintain 0 dBm at the IF
output.
(29) These are in-band measurements and not out-of-band measurements. Out-of-band signal
tones exist outside the IF filter bandwidth of the device, and thus may provide better IP3
measurements. However, using in-band signal tones provides better estimation of the
device’s non-linear effects on broadband signals.
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Power (dBm)
Frequency (MHz)
Input third-order intermodulation (IIP3, dBm)
Figure 14. Plots show the typical IMD performance with two -20 dBm signals at the input, 0 dB RF attenuation,
preamp disabled, and conversion gain of 20 dB.
Input second harmonic distortion (SHI, dBm)
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual 60
100 MHz – 1 GHz
1 GHz – 2.5 GHz
2.5 GHz – 3.9 GHz
Preamplifier disabled
1
1.5
2
Preamplifier enabled
-23
-20
-19
-150
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0
Noise and distortion relative to mixer level
(dB)
Power level @ input mixer (dBm)
0 dB RF atten, Preamp off, 20 dB IF gain
3rd Order IMD
2nd Harmonic Distortion
Noise
(30) Measurement dynamic range refers to the device SNR measurement capability using two or
more configurations settings. For example, the user could set in sufficient RF attenuation to
capture the high level signals and then turn on the preamplifier to measure low level noise.
(31) Instantaneous dynamic range refers to the instantaneous device SNR measurement using a
single configuration setting. For example, the user could set the downconverter to receive a 0
dBm signal at the mixer, while at the same setting be able to measure the signal noise floor to
-150 dB below its peak.
Input compression point (dBm)
Dynamic range
Measurement dynamic range
Instantaneous dynamic range
(30)
............................................................................................................. > 185 dB
(31)
............................................................................................................ > 150 dB
Figure 15. Instantaneous dynamic ranges plotted with preamplifier disabled for 1000 MHz measured data. Mixer
level is at input level.
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual 61
(32) The output reference frequency may be selected programmatically for 10 MHz or 100 MHz.
The 100 MHz reference may be used to drive a digitizing ADC directly. Refer to the
“Frequency Reference” specifications under “Spectral Specifications” for frequency accuracy.
Reference Input and Output Specifications
Reference output specifications
Center frequency
Amplitude ................................................................................................................................................ 3 dBm typical
Waveform .................................................................................................................................................................... Sine
Impedance ............................................................................................................................................... 50 nominal
Coupling ........................................................................................................................................................................... AC
Connector type .......................................................................................................................................... SMA female
Frequency accuracy ............................................................................... See “Spectral Specifications” section
Reference input specifications
Center frequency .............................................................................................................................................. 10 MHz
Amplitude .................................................................................................................. -10 dBm min/ +13 dBm max
Phase-lock range ......................................................................................................................... ± 10 ppm (typical)
Impedance ............................................................................................................................................... 50 nominal
(32)
.................................................................................................................... 10 MHz/100 MHz
Coupling ........................................................................................................................................................................... AC
Connector type .......................................................................................................................................... SMA female
Port Specifications
RF input
Input impedance ..................................................................................................................................................... 50
Coupling ........................................................................................................................................................................... AC
Connector type .......................................................................................................................................... SMA female
LO leakage .................................................................................................................................................... < -120 dBm
IF output
Output impedance .................................................................................................................................................. 50
VSWR ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1.6
Coupling ........................................................................................................................................................................... AC
Connector type .......................................................................................................................................... SMA female
Output amplitude ................................................................................................................................... 20 dBm max
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual 62
(33) Meets requirements of IEC-60068-2-1 and IEC-60068-2-2. Operating temperature may be
extended to +55 °C with appropriate user-provided cooling solution. Contact SignalCore for
recommended minimum airflow rates.
(34) Meets requirements of IEC-60068-2-1 and IEC-60068-2-2.
(35) Meets requirements of IEC-60068-2-56 and MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3.
(36) Meets requirements of IEC-60068-2-27 and MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3.
(37) Meets requirements of IEC-60068-2-64 and MIL-PRF-28800F, Class 3.
General Specifications
Environmental
Operating temperature
Storage temperature
Operating relative humidity
Storage relative humidity
Operating shock
Storage shock
(36)
(36)
.................................................................................... 50 g, half-sine pulse, 11 ms duration
Operating vibration
Storage vibration
Altitude .............................. 2,000 m maximum (maintaining 25 °C maximum ambient temperature)
Physical
Dimensions (W x H x D, max envelope) .................................................................................. 1.6” x 5.2” x 8.4”
PXIe/cPCIe form factor ............................................................................................................................... 3U, 2-slot
(33)
................................................................................................................ 0 °C to +40 °C
(34)
................................................................................................................ -40 °C to +70 °C
(35)
...................................................................... 10% to 90%, non-condensing
(35)
............................................................................. 5% to 90%, non-condensing
................................................................................ 30 g, half-sine pulse, 11 ms duration
(37)
.................................................................................................. 5 Hz to 500 Hz, 0.31 g
(37)
...................................................................................................... 5 Hz to 500 Hz, 2.46 g
rms
rms
Weight ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2.1 lbs
Power consumption .............................................................................................................................. 12 V @ 2.1 A
3.3 V @ 0.2 A
Communication interface .............................................................................................................. PXIe (PCIe bus)
Safety ............................................................................................................. Designed to meet the requirements of:
IEC 61010-1, EN 61010-1, UL 61010-1, CSA 61010-1
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) ......................................... Designed to meet the requirements of:
EN 61326-1 (IEC 61326-1): Class A emissions; Basic immunity 1, EN 55011 (CISPR 11)
Group 1, Class A emissions, AS/NZS CISPR 11: Group 1, Class A emissions, FCC 47 CFR Part
15B: Class A emissions, ICES-001: Class A emissions
CE ............................................................................................................................................. Meets the requirements of:
2014/35/EU; Low-Voltage Directive (safety), 2014/30/EU; Electromagnetic Compatibility
Directive (EMC Directive)
Warranty .................................................... 1 year parts and labor on defects in materials or workmanship
SC5305A Operating & Programming Manual 63
SignalCore, Inc,
13401 Pond Springs Rd.
Suite 100
Austin, TX 78729, USA
Phone: 512-501-6000
Fax: 512-501-6001
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