Sigma 8KBS, 8KS Operating Manual

Translation of the original operating manual
sb

08/2012
Rev. 2.5 of 02/07/2018
Sigma 8KS;Refrigerated Centrifuge;Sigma 8KBS

Refrigerated Centrifuge

part no. 0702502

Sigma 8KS

Sigma 8KBS

from serial no. 162923

Refrigerated Centrifuge

Operating Manual

Please retain for later use!

Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KS
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In case of inquiries, please state the following numbers:

Order number:
Serial number:

© Copyright by
Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH
An der Unteren Söse 50
37520 Osterode am Harz
Germany

Tel.: [phone] / 5007-0
Fax: [phone] / 5007-12
Web: www.sigma-zentrifugen.de
E-mail: [email protected]

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Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KBS

Table of contents

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1 General information ............................................................................................................. 9

1.1 Importance of the operating manual .................................................................................. 9

1.2 Intended use ..................................................................................................................... 9

1.3 Warranty and liability......................................................................................................... 9

1.4 Copyright ........................................................................................................................ 10

1.5 Standards and regulations .............................................................................................. 10

1.6 Scope of supply .............................................................................................................. 10

2 Layout and mode of operation .......................................................................................... 11

2.1 Layout of the centrifuge .................................................................................................. 11

2.1.1 Functional and operating elements ............................................................................ 11

2.1.2 Name plate ................................................................................................................ 14

2.1.3 Mains plug ................................................................................................ ................. 15

2.2 Mode of operation ........................................................................................................... 16

2.2.1 Centrifugation principle .............................................................................................. 16

2.2.2 Area of application ..................................................................................................... 16

2.2.2.1 Speed, radius, and relative centrifugal force ...................................................... 17

2.2.2.2 Density ............................................................................................................... 17

3 Safety .................................................................................................................................. 18

3.1 Marking of the unit ................................ .......................................................................... 18

3.2 Explanation of the symbols and notes ............................................................................. 19

3.3 Responsibility of the operator .......................................................................................... 20

3.4 Operating personnel ....................................................................................................... 20

3.5 Informal safety instructions ............................................................................................. 20

3.6 Safety instructions .......................................................................................................... 21

3.6.1 Electrical safety ......................................................................................................... 21

3.6.2 Mechanical safety ...................................................................................................... 21

3.6.3 Fire prevention ........................................................................................................... 22

3.6.4 Chemical and biological safety .................................................................................. 22

3.6.5 Safety instructions for centrifugation .......................................................................... 23

3.6.6 Resistance of plastics ................................................................................................ 23

3.6.7 Rotors and accessories ............................................................................................. 24

3.6.7.1 Lifting and carrying rotors ................................................................................... 24

3.6.7.2 Service life ................................................................ ......................................... 24

3.6.7.3 Marking ................................................................................................ .............. 25

3.7 Safety devices ................................................................................................................ 26

3.7.1 Lid lock device ........................................................................................................... 26

3.7.2 Standstill monitoring system ...................................................................................... 26

3.7.3 System check ............................................................................................................ 26

3.7.4 Earth conductor check ............................................................................................... 26

3.7.5 Imbalance monitoring system .................................................................................... 26

3.7.6 Temperature monitoring system ................................................................................ 26

3.7.7 Rotor monitoring system ............................................................................................ 26

3.8 Measures in the event of hazards and accidents ............................................................ 27

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3.9 Remaining hazards ......................................................................................................... 27

4 Storage and transport ....................................................................................................... 28

4.1 Dimensions and weight ................................................................................................... 28

4.2 Storage conditions .......................................................................................................... 28

4.3 Notes on transport ................................ .......................................................................... 28

4.4 Packaging ....................................................................................................................... 29

5 Set-up and connection ...................................................................................................... 33

5.1 Installation site ................................................................................................................ 33

5.2 Set-up and alignment of the centrifuge ........................................................................... 33

5.2.1 Set-up ........................................................................................................................ 34

5.2.2 Alignment .................................................................................................................. 34

5.3 Installation of the cover holder ........................................................................................ 36

5.4 Power supply .................................................................................................................. 37

5.4.1 Type of connectiont ................................................................................................... 37

5.4.2 Customer-provided fuses ........................................................................................... 37

5.4.3 Power isolating device ............................................................................................... 37

5.5 Condensate drain ........................................................................................................... 38

5.6 Special equipment: water cooling system ....................................................................... 39

6 Using the centrifuge .......................................................................................................... 40

6.1 Initial start-up .................................................................................................................. 40

6.2 Switching the centrifuge on ............................................................................................. 40

6.2.1 Opening and closing the lid ........................................................................................ 40

6.2.2 Installation of rotors and accessories ......................................................................... 41

6.2.2.1 Installation of a rotor .......................................................................................... 41

6.2.2.2 Installation of an angle rotor with a hermetic lid .................................................. 41

6.2.2.3 Installation of accessories .................................................................................. 42

6.2.2.4 Adapters ............................................................................................................ 43

6.2.2.5 Vessels .............................................................................................................. 43

6.2.2.6 Blood bag systems ............................................................................................. 44

6.3 Control system "Spincontrol S" ....................................................................................... 45

6.3.1 User interface ............................................................................................................ 45

6.3.2 Manual mode ............................................................................................................. 46

6.3.2.1 Starting a centrifugation run ............................................................................... 46

6.3.2.2 Interrupting a centrifugation run ......................................................................... 46

6.3.2.3 Interrupting a deceleration process .................................................................... 46

6.3.2.4 Selection, display, and modification of data ........................................................ 46

6.3.2.5 Standard menu .................................................................................................. 47

6.3.2.6 Process library menu ......................................................................................... 53

6.3.2.7 Parameters menu .............................................................................................. 54

6.3.2.8 Setup menu ....................................................................................................... 58

6.3.2.9 Curve menu ....................................................................................................... 61

6.3.2.10 Option: Barcode menu ....................................................................................... 62

6.3.2.11 Help menu ......................................................................................................... 64

6.3.2.12 Changing the contrast ........................................................................................ 65

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6.3.3 Program mode ........................................................................................................... 65

6.3.3.1 Saving a program ............................................................................................... 66

6.3.3.2 Loading a program ............................................................................................. 66

6.3.3.3 Executing a program .......................................................................................... 67

6.3.3.4 Deleting a program ............................................................................................ 67

6.3.3.5 Automatic program rotation ................................................................................ 68

6.3.4 Options for data input and output ............................................................................... 69

6.4 Switching the centrifuge off ............................................................................................. 69

7 Malfunctions and error correction .................................................................................... 70

7.1 General malfunctions ...................................................................................................... 70

7.1.1 Emergency lid release ............................................................................................... 71

7.2 Table of error codes ........................................................................................................ 72

7.3 Service contact ............................................................................................................... 73

8 Maintenance and service ................................................................................................... 74

8.1 Maintenance ................................................................................................................... 74

8.1.1 Centrifuge .................................................................................................................. 74

8.1.1.1 Condenser (only refrigerated centrifuges with an air-cooled refrigeration system) ..

.......................................................................................................................... 75

8.1.2 Accessories ............................................................................................................... 75

8.1.2.1 Plastic accessories ............................................................................................ 76

8.1.3 Rotors, buckets and carriers ...................................................................................... 76

8.1.4 Load bearing bolts ................................................................................................ ..... 77

8.1.5 Glass breakage ......................................................................................................... 78

8.2 Sterilisation and disinfection of the rotor chamber and accessories ................................ 78

8.2.1 Autoclaving ................................................................................................................ 79

8.3 Service ........................................................................................................................... 80

8.4 Return of defective centrifuges or parts .......................................................................... 81

9 Disposal .............................................................................................................................. 83

9.1 Disposal of the centrifuge ............................................................................................... 83

9.2 Disposal of the packaging ............................................................................................... 83

10 Technical data .................................................................................................................... 84

10.1 Ambient conditions ......................................................................................................... 85

10.2 Technical documentation ................................................................................................ 85

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11 Appendix ............................................................................................................................ 86

11.1 Range of accessories ..................................................................................................... 86

11.1.1 Rotor radii .................................................................................................................. 86

11.2 Speed-gravitational-field-diagram ................................ ................................................... 87

11.3 Acceleration and deceleration curves ............................................................................. 88

11.4 Table of the service life of rotors and accessories ........................................................... 90

11.5 Resistance data .............................................................................................................. 91

11.6 Serial Control Interface Specification .............................................................................. 95

11.7 EC declaration of conformity ......................................................................................... 121

11.8 Declaration of conformity – China RoHS 2 .................................................................... 123

11.9 Layout plan ................................................................................................................... 125

12 Index ................................................................................................................................. 127

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1 General information

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1.1 Importance of the operating manual

A fundamental requirement for the safe and trouble-free operation of the
centrifuge is to be familiar with the fundamental safety instructions and all
possible hazards.

The operating manual includes important information concerning the safe
operation of the centrifuge.

This operating manual and, in particular, the notes on safety and hazards
must be observed by all persons operating the centrifuge.

In addition, the local rules and regulations for the prevention of accidents

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must be complied with.

1.2 Intended use

Centrifuges are power-driven machines that separate liquids from solid
matter, liquid mixtures, or solid mixtures by centrifugal force. They are
solely intended for this purpose. Any other use beyond this area of
application is regarded as improper use. Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH
cannot be held liable for any damage resulting from such improper use.

The intended use also includes

• observation of all the notes and instructions included in the operating
manual and

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• compliance with the care, cleaning, and maintenance instructions.

1.3 Warranty and liability

The warranty and liability are subject to our "General Conditions" that were
distributed to the operator upon the conclusion of the contract.

Warranty and liability claims are excluded if they are due to:

• improper use.

• non-compliance with the safety instructions and hazard warnings in the

operating manual.

• improper installation, start-up, operation, or maintenance of the

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centrifuge.

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• 1 square spanner, size 8 (door)

Part no. 930 114

• 1 open spanner, size 8/10
(adjustable feet front side)

Part no. 930 015

• 1 open spanner, size 24
(adjustable feet rear side)

Part no. 930 024

• 1 wrench, angulate, size 17/19 (rotor)

Part no. 26 448

• 1 tube wrench (emergency release)

Part no. 930 110

• 1 wrench, hex socket, size 4 (rotor)

Part no. 930 050

• 1 holder for the rotor cover
with hexagon socket head screw (M6x16)
(see chapter 5.3 - "Installation of the cover
holder")

Part no. 28 598
Part no. 964 216

• 1 hose connector for condensate drain (installed)

Part no. 80 415

• 1 tube (30 g) heavy-duty grease for load-bearing
bolts

Part no. 71 401

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1.4 Copyright

The copyright concerning the operating manual remains with
Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH.

The operating manual is solely intended for the operator and their
personnel. It includes instructions and information that must not be

• duplicated,

• distributed, or

• communicated in any other way.

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Non-compliance may be prosecuted under criminal law.

1.5 Standards and regulations

EC declaration of conformity

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(see chapter 11.7 - "EC declaration of conformity")

1.6 Scope of supply

The centrifuge comprises:

Documentation

Operating manual incl. EC declaration of conformity
(see chapter 11.7 - "EC declaration of conformity")

Accessories

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according to your order, our order confirmation, and your delivery note.

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1 Lid
2 User interface (see

chapter 6.3.1 - "User
interface")

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2 Layout and mode of operation

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2.1 Layout of the centrifuge

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2.1.1 Functional and operating elements

Fig. 1: Total view of the centrifuge

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3 Locks of the front

door

4 Name plate (see

chapter 2.1.2 - "Name
plate")

5 Mains power switch

Fig. 2: Right side of the centrifuge

Fig. 3: Left side of the centrifuge

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6 Mains cable
7 Option: connector for

barcode scanner
8 RS-232 interface
9 Option: serial

interface

(see chapter 6.3.4 -

"Options for data input

and output")
10 Castor
11 Adjustable foot

12 Cooling water

connection (see

chapter 5.6 - "Special

equipment: water

cooling system")

1

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Fig. 4: Rear view of an air cooled centrifuge

Fig. 5: Rear view of a water cooled centrifuge1

Not for Sigma 8KB

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1 Manufacturer and

registered office
2 Type
3 Serial number
4 Refrigerant data
5 Max. density
6 Nominal voltage
7 Input fuse
8 Symbol for special

disposal (see chapter

9 - "Disposal")
9 CE mark in

compliance with the

directive 2006/42/EC
10 Part number
11 Year of manufacture
12 Max. speed
13 Max. kinetic energy
14 Power consumption

2.1.2 Name plate

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Fig. 6: Example of a name plate

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NOTE

If the centrifuge is operated within a different power supply network, it may
be necessary to replace the mains power plug.

The rotary field is of no importance when replacing the plug.

DANGER

Work on the power supply system must only be performed by certified
electricians!

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2.1.3 Mains plug

The centrifuge is equipped with a 5-pin Cekon plug (16 A).

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Fig. 7: 5-pin Cekon plug,16A

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2.2 Mode of operation

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2.2.1 Centrifugation principle

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Das

Centrifugation is a process for the separation of heterogeneous mixtures of
substances (suspensions, emulsions, or gas mixtures) into their
components. The mixture of substances, which rotates on a circular path, is
subject to centripetal acceleration that is several times greater than the
gravitational acceleration.

Centrifuges use the mass inertia inside the rotor chamber for separating the
substances. Due to their higher inertia, particles or media with a higher
density travel outwards. In doing so, they displace the components with a
lower density, which in turn travel towards the centre.

The centripetal acceleration of an object inside a centrifuge, as the effect of
centripetal force, depends on the distance between the object and the axis
of rotation as well as on the angular velocity. It increases linearly as a
function of the distance with regard to the axis of rotation and quadratically
as a function of the angular velocity. The bigger the radius in the rotor
chamber is and the higher the speed is, the higher the centripetal
acceleration is. However, the forces acting on the rotor also increase.

2.2.2 Area of application

Depending on the area of application of the centrifuge and also on the
particle size, solids content, and volume throughput of the mixture of
substances that is to be centrifuged, there are different types of centrifuges.

The areas of application go from household use as a salad spinner or
honey separator up to specialised technical applications in the clinical,
biological, or biochemical context:

• For numerous clinical examinations, cellular material must be separated
from the liquid to be analysed. The normal separation process can be
sped up considerably by using laboratory centrifuges.

• In the metal-working industry, centrifuges are used for separating oil

from metal cuttings. Dairies use centrifuges in order to separate cow’s

milk into cream and low-fat milk.

• Particularly big centrifuges are used in the sugar industry for separating
the syrup from the crystalline sugar.

• Ultracentrifuges are predominantly used in biology and biochemistry in
order to isolate particles, e.g. viruses. They are specifically designed for
high speeds up to 500,000 rpm. The rotor moves in a vacuum in order

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to avoid air friction.

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)/2,1( Rho

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2.2.2.1 Speed, radius, and relative centrifugal force

The acceleration g, which the samples are subject to, can be increased by
increasing the radius in the rotor chamber and by increasing the speed.
These three parameters are interdependent and linked with each other via
the following formula:

Relative centrifugal force RCF = 11.18 x 10-6 x r x n2

r = radius in cm
n = speed in rpm
RCF without any dimension

If two values are entered, the third value is determined by way of the stated
formula. If, afterwards, the speed or the radius is changed, the resulting
relative centrifugal force will be recalculated automatically by the control
unit. If the RCF is changed, the speed will be adapted while the specified
radius is maintained.

The speed-gravitational-field-diagram provides an overview of the
relationship between speed, radius, and RCF (see chapter 11.2 - "Speed-

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gravitational-field-diagram").

2.2.2.2 Density

The laboratory centrifuge is suitable for the separation of constituents of
different densities in mixtures with a maximum density of 1.2 g/cm3. All
information concerning the speed of rotors and accessories refers to liquids
with a density corresponding to this specification. If the density is above this
value, the maximum permissible speed of the centrifuge must be reduced
based on the following formula:

n = n

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Rho = density in g/cm3

max

x

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Dangerous voltage

I

On (Power)

Hot surface

0

Off (Power)

Caution! Risk of bruising

Name plate (see chapter

2.1.2 - "Name plate")

Protective earth (ground)

CE mark in compliance with
the directive 2006/42/EC

Earth (ground)

Do not dispose as part of
domestic waste

g-lock®-System installed

Unplug the mains plug

Arrow indicating the
direction of rotation

GS mark (tested safety;
only for Germany)

4°C Guarantee

NRTL mark (only for the
USA and Canada)

Centrifuge with heating
system

RCM mark
(only for Australia)

China RoHS 2 mark
(only for China)

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3 Safety

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3.1 Marking of the unit

The following symbols are used for all types of centrifuges manufactured by Sigma:

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NOTE

Safety indications on the centrifuge must be kept readable at all times. If
necessary, they must be replaced.

NOTE

Not all of the symbols/labels are used for this centrifuge type.

DANGER

This symbol stands for a direct hazard to the life and health of persons.

Non-observance of these symbols causes serious health problems up to
life-endangering injuries.

DANGER

This symbol stands for a direct hazard to the life and health of persons
due to electrical voltage.

Non-observance of these symbols causes serious health problems up to
life-endangering injuries.

WARNING

This symbol stands for a potential hazard to the life and health of persons.

Non-observance of these symbols can cause serious health problems up
to life-endangering injuries.

CAUTION

This symbol indicates a potentially hazardous situation

Non-observance of these notes can cause minor injuries or damage to
property.

NOTE

This symbol indicates important information.

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3.2 Explanation of the symbols and notes

In this operating manual, the following names and symbols to indicate
hazards are used:

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3.3 Responsibility of the operator

The operator is responsible for authorising only qualified personnel to work
on the centrifuge (see chapter 3.4 - "Operating personnel").

The areas of responsibility of the personnel concerning the operation,
maintenance, and care of the unit must be clearly defined.

The safety-conscious work of the personnel in compliance with the
operating manual and the relevant EC and national health and safety
regulations as well as with the accident prevention regulations must be
checked at regular intervals (e.g. every month).

Under the international rules for health and safety at work, the operator is
obliged to:

• take measures in order to prevent all danger to life or health during
work.

• ensure that centrifuges are operated properly and entirely as intended
(see chapter 1.2 - "Intended use").

• take protective measures against fire and explosion when working with
hazardous substances.

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• take measures for the safe opening of centrifuges.

3.4 Operating personnel

Persons operating the unit must

• be familiar with the fundamental regulations concerning workplace
safety and accident prevention

• have read and understood this operating manual (and in particular the
safety sections and warning notes) and confirmed this with their

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signature.

3.5 Informal safety instructions

• This operating manual is a part of the product.

• The operating manual must be kept at the location of use of the

centrifuge. Ensure that it is accessible at all times.

• The operating manual must be handed over to any subsequent owner
or operator of the centrifuge.

• Any changes, additions or updates received must be added to the
operating manual.

• In addition to the operating manual, the general and local rules and
regulations concerning the prevention of accidents and the protection of
the environment must also be supplied.

• Safety and danger indications on the centrifuge must be kept readable

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at all times. If necessary, they must be replaced.

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DANGER

• Ensure that the wall socket is properly wired and grounded.

• Check that the mains voltage agrees with the nominal voltage listed on

the name plate.

• Do not place vessels containing liquid on the centrifuge lid or within the
safety distance of 30 cm around the centrifuge. Spilled liquids may get
into the centrifuge and damage electrical or mechanical components.

• Work on the power supply system must only be performed by certified
electricians.

• Inspect the electrical equipment of the unit regularly. Defects such as
loose or burnt cables must be eliminated immediately.

WARNING

• Do not open the lid when the rotor is in motion!

• Do not reach into the rotor chamber when the rotor is in motion!

• Do not use the centrifuge if it was installed incorrectly.

• Do not use the centrifuge without panels.

• Do not use the centrifuge if the rotors and inserts show signs of

corrosion or other defects.

• Only use the centrifuge with rotors and accessories that have been
approved by the manufacturer. In case of doubt, contact the
manufacturer (see chapter 7.3 - "Service contact").

• Do not hold your fingers between the lid and the housing when closing
the lid. Risk of crushing!

• Defective lid relieving devices could cause the centrifuge lid to fall
(contact the service department, if necessary). Risk of crushing!

• Do not hit or move the centrifuge during its operation.

• Do not lean against or rest on the centrifuge during its operation.

• Do not spin any substances that could damage the material of the

rotors and buckets of the centrifuge in any way. Highly corrosive
substances, for example, damage the material and affect the
mechanical strength of the rotors and buckets.

• Stop the centrifuge immediately in the event of a malfunction. Eliminate
the malfunction (see chapter 7 - "Malfunctions and error correction") or
inform the service department of the manufacturer (see chapter 7.3 ­"Service contact").

• Ensure that all repairs are performed only by authorised and
specialised personnel.

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

3.6 Safety instructions

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3.6.1 Electrical safety

To reduce the risk of electrical shock, the centrifuge uses a three-wire
electrical cord and plug to connect the equipment to earth-ground. To

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

preserve this safety feature:

3.6.2 Mechanical safety

In order to ensure the safe operation of the centrifuge, observe the
following:

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WARNING

• Prior to any start-up, check the centrifuge, rotor, and accessories for
signs of damage that can be discerned from the outside. Special
attention must be paid to all of the rubber parts (e.g. motor cover, lid
seal, and adapters) in terms of visible structural changes. Defective
parts must be replaced immediately.

• Open the centrifuge when it is not in use so that moisture can
evaporate.

DANGER

• Do not spin explosive or inflammable substances.

• Do not use the centrifuge within hazardous locations.

DANGER

• Infectious, toxic, pathogenic, and radioactive substances may only be
used in special, certified containment systems with a bio-seal in order
to prevent the material from being released.

• Take suitable precautions for your own safety if there is a risk of toxic,
radioactive, or pathogenic contamination

• Materials that chemically react with each other with a high level of
energy are prohibited.

WARNING

• Keep informed about local measures to avoid harmful emissions
(depending on the substances to be centrifuged).

• Protective clothing is not required for the operation of the centrifuge.
The materials to be centrifuged may, however, require special safety
measures (e.g. centrifugation of infectious, toxic, radioactive, or
pathogenic substances).

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3.6.3 Fire prevention

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3.6.4 Chemical and biological safety

If pathogenic, toxic, or radioactive samples are intended to be used in the
centrifuge, it is in the responsibility of the user to ensure that all necessary
safety regulations, guidelines, precautions, and practices are adhered to
accordingly.

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WARNING

• Ensure that the centrifuge was set up properly (see chapter 5 - "Set-up
and connection").

• Maintain a safety distance of at least 30 cm (12 inches) around the
centrifuge.

• Do not store any dangerous goods in the centrifuge area.

• Do not stay in the safety area longer than what is absolutely necessary

for the operation of the centrifuge.

• Only use the centrifuge with rotors and accessories that have been
approved by the manufacturer. We explicitly warn against the use of
equipment of poor quality. Breaking glass or bursting vessels can
cause dangerous imbalances at high speeds

• Ensure that rotor and buckets are correctly fitted (see chapter 6.2.2.1 -
"Installation of a rotor").

• Observe the instructions on the installation of accessories (see chapter

6.2.2.3 - "Installation of accessories").

WARNING

• The rotor must be loaded in a rotationally symmetrical manner at equal
weights.

• If liquids with a density > 1.2 g/cm3 are used, reduce the speed (see
chapter 2.2.2.2 - "Density").

• Do not use the centrifuge if the rotor is loaded asymmetrically.

• Do not use the centrifuge with tubes that are excessively long.

NOTE

• Refer to the resistance data (see chapter 11.5 - "Resistance data")!

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3.6.5 Safety instructions for centrifugation

For safe operation, observe the following before starting the centrifuge:

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3.6.6 Resistance of plastics

Chemical influences have a strong effect on the polymeric chains of
plastics, and, therefore, on their physical properties. Plastic parts can be

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damaged if solvents, acids, or alkaline solutions are used.

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WARNING

All swing-out rotors applicable for this centrifuge and the angle rotor
12510 weigh more than 18 kg.

• Always lift the rotors with a lifting device or with a sufficient number

of people helping you.

WARNING

Perform regular checks (at least once per month) for safety reasons!

• Pay special attention to changes, such as corrosion, cracks, material
abrasion, etc.

• After 10 years, they must be inspected by the manufacturer.

• After 50,000 cycles, the rotor must be scrapped for reasons of safety.

• If other data concerning the service life are engraved on the rotor or

bucket, these data shall apply accordingly. For example, a bucket with
the engraving "max. cycles = 10,000" has a service life of 10,000
cycles, and a rotor with the engraving "Exp. date 02/20" must be
scrapped in February 2020 at the latest (see figure).

• If a specification concerning the maximum number of cycles and a
specification concerning the service life (i.e. a date) are provided, the
specification that occurs first shall apply.

NOTE

• Refer to the table of rotors and accessories with a different service
life (see chapter 11.4 - " Table of the service life of rotors and
accessories ")!

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3.6.7 Rotors and accessories

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3.6.7.1 Lifting and carrying rotors

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3.6.7.2 Service life

The rotors and accessories have a limited service life.

Fig. 8: Different service life – engraving on the bucket/rotor

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1 Batch number
2 Serial number

NOTE

If there are any enquiries concerning the rotor, please state the batch
number and serial number!

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3.6.7.3 Marking

During production, every rotor and bucket receives a batch number
enabling conclusions to be drawn concerning the production process and
the subsequent quality inspection. Some rotors also have an additional
serial number providing further detailed information.

The batch number and serial number is engraved on the rotor as follows:

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Fig. 9: Rotor with an engraved batch number and serial number (example)

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3.7 Safety devices

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3.7.1 Lid lock device

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3.7.2 Standstill monitoring system

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3.7.3 System check

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The centrifuge can only be started when the lid is properly closed. The
electrical lock must be locked. The lid can only be opened when the rotor
has stopped. If the lid is opened by way of the emergency release system
during operation, the centrifuge will immediately switch off and decelerate
brakeless. If the lid is open, the drive is completely separated from the
mains power supply, i.e. the centrifuge cannot be started (see chapter 7.1.1

- "Emergency lid release").

Opening of the centrifuge lid is only possible if the rotor is at a standstill.
This standstill is checked by the microprocessor.

An internal system check monitors the data transfer and sensor signals with
regard to plausibility. Errors are detected with extreme sensitivity and
displayed as error messages in a dialog box (see chapter 7.2 - "Table of
error codes").

3.7.4 Earth conductor check

For the earth conductor check, there is an equipotential bonding screw on
the rear panel of the centrifuge (see chapter 2.1.1 - "Functional and
operating elements"). An earth conductor check can be carried out by
authorized and specialized personnel using a suitable measuring
instrument. Please contact the service department (see chapter 7.3 -

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"Service contact").

3.7.5 Imbalance monitoring system

A dialog box may pop up or emit a sound signal in order to indicate that the
centrifuge is in the inadmissible imbalance range. If the rotor is loaded
unevenly, the drive will be switched off in the acceleration phase or during

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the run.

3.7.6 Temperature monitoring system

If the temperature inside the rotor chamber rises above 50°C, the drive
system will be switched off automatically. The centrifuge cannot be

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restarted until it has cooled.

3.7.7 Rotor monitoring system

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When a rotor number and, if applicable, a bucket number are selected, the
computer will automatically check whether the entered speed or the
entered gravitational field are permissible for the selected rotor.

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DANGER

• If an emergency arises, switch off the centrifuge immediately!

• If in doubt, call the emergency doctor!

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3.8 Measures in the event of hazards and accidents

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3.9 Remaining hazards

The centrifuge was built in accordance with the state of the art and in
compliance with the generally recognized safety rules. However, danger to
life and limb of the operator, or of third parties, or impairments of the unit or
other material assets cannot be completely excluded when the unit is being
used.

• Use the unit only for the purpose that it was originally intended for (see
chapter 1.2 - "Intended use").

• Use the unit only if it is in a perfect running state.

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• Immediately eliminate any problems that can affect safety.

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Sigma 8KS / 8KBS

Height (mm):

990

Height with open lid (mm):

1 679

Width (mm):

810

Depth (mm):

945

Weight (kg):

450

NOTE

The centrifuge weighs approx. 450 kg!

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4 Storage and transport

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4.1 Dimensions and weight

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4.2 Storage conditions

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The centrifuge can be stored in its original packaging for up to a year.

• Store the centrifuge only in dry rooms.

• The permissible storage temperature is between -20°C and +60°C.

• If you would like to store it for more than one year, or if you intend to

ship it overseas, please contact the manufacturer.

4.3 Notes on transport

• Always lift the centrifuge with a lifting device (e.g. a fork lift).

• When lifting the centrifuge, always reach under the centrifuge from the

rear side.

• For transport, use suitable packaging and, if at all possible, the original
packaging (see chapter 4.3 - "Notes on transport").

Special equipment - water cooling system

Prior to transporting the centrifuge, the water circuit must be drained in
order to avoid damage, e.g. due to freezing. Only specialised personnel are
authorised to perform these tasks. Consultation with the manufacturer is

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obligatory!

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WARNING

When unloading the centrifuge, wear safety shoes in order to avoid injuries
caused by the rolling centrifuge!

1 Metal fittings

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4.4 Packaging

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The centrifuge is packaged in a wooden crate.

• Remove the upper cover.

• Remove the packing material and all of the accessories.

Unloading the centrifuge with a forklift truck

One side panel of the crate has metal fittings (see the following illustration,
detail A).

• Remove the two lower screws of each of the metal fittings and then the
four outer screws in the upper half of the side panel (see the following
illustration). Then, remove the side panel.

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NOTE

The centrifuge weighs approximately 450 kg!

NOTE

Do not remove the screws in the middle of the side panel. They hold the
substructure of the ramp in place.

Fig. 10: Positions of the screws for removing the side panel

• Lift the centrifuge off the bottom of the crate by way of a forklift truck.

Unloading the centrifuge with a hand pallet jack

If no forklift truck is available, one side panel of the wooden crate can be
used as a ramp so that the centrifuge can be unloaded from the crate by
way of a hand pallet jack (ground clearance 85 mm max.).

One side panel of the crate has metal fittings (see the illustration above,
detail A).

• Remove the two lower screws of the two metal fittings and then the four
outer screws in the upper half of the side panel (see the illustration
above). Then, remove the side panel. The metal fittings remain on the
side panel.

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• Position the side panel in front of the bottom of the crate as a ramp.

Fig. 11: Positioning of the ramp

• Secure the ramp on the bottom of the crate by way of the two metal
fittings and the screws that have been removed beforehand (see the
following illustration).

Fig. 12: Positions of the screws for securing the ramp (here: left side)

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CAUTION

Do not unload the centrifuge via the ramp on its castors since, in this case,
the centrifuge would be difficult to steer and could slip off the ramp.

NOTE

Due to its design and dimensions, an electric pallet jack is not suitable for
unloading the centrifuge.

• Move the pallet jack over the ramp and under the centrifuge and lift the
centrifuge off the bottom of the crate.

• Unload the centrifuge carefully via the ramp. While doing so secure the
centrifuge with a sufficient number of persons in order to prevent it from
slipping off to the side.

Unloading the centrifuge with an electric pallet jack

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• Retain the packaging for any possible future transport of the centrifuge.

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NOTE

The centrifuge 8KS / SKBS with an air-cooled compressor should not be
set up with its left side against a wall, since otherwise the hot air, which is
emitted out the back, will be drawn in again as fresh air for cooling. As a
result, the unit will switch off due to overheating (see chapter 7.2 - "Table
of error codes").

DANGER

Ensure that the centrifuge is disconnected from the power supply during
the set-up and alignment.

NOTE

Pay attention to the layout plan (see chapter 11.9 - "Layout plan")!

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

5 Set-up and connection

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

5.1 Installation site

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Operate the centrifuge only in closed and dry rooms.
All the energy supplied to the centrifuge is converted into heat and emitted

to ambient air.

• Air cooled centrifuges: Ensure sufficient ventilation.

• Water cooled centrifuges: Provide sufficient water throughput.

• Do not position the centrifuge near heat generators.

• Avoid direct sunlight (UV radiation).

• During transport from cold to warmer places, condensational water will

collect inside the centrifuge. Allow sufficient time for drying (min. 24 h)
before using the centrifuge again.

5.2 Set-up and alignment of the centrifuge

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CAUTION

Do not use the lid handle to move the centrifuge because it could break
off!

CAUTION

The castors of the centrifuge are made of steel without any plastic coating.
Damage to the surface of the floor cannot be excluded.

DANGER

For reasons of safety, the centrifuge must not be operated while it is set up
on its castors!

NOTE

The centrifuge must be set-up stably and horizontally at the installation
site.

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

5.2.1 Set-up

• Transport the centrifuge as closely as possible to the installation site
with a lifting device (e.g. forklift).

• Set the centrifuge down.

• To place the centrifuge on the castors, open the front door with the

supplied square spanner (part no. 930 114) by turning it clockwise by
90°. Open the front door to the left in order to access the two locking
screws located at the front.

• Loosen the two hexagon lock nuts with the open spanner, size 24 (part
no. 930 024), and screw in the locking screws with the open spanner,
size 8/10 (part no. 930015), in the anticlockwise direction up to the stop
until the adjustment feet are completely relieved of the load.

• Loosen the lock nuts of the two locking screws on the back from the
side and from below with the open spanner, size 24 (part no. 930 024).
Then, screw in the locking screws anticlockwise with the open spanner,
size 13/14 (part no. 930 013), until the adjustment feet are completely
relieved of the load.

• Transport the centrifuge on the castors to the installation site.

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5.2.2 Alignment

• Set the centrifuge on its adjustable feet (see chapter 5 - "Set-up and
connection" in reverse order). To do so, turn all of the feet clockwise by
hand until they touch the ground. Then, perform approximately two
more clockwise turns with the open spanner until the castors are
suspended in the air.

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1 Locking screw
2 Lock nut

3 Adjusting foot
4 Castor

• Open the lid with the emergency lid release system. To do so, lift off the
plugs on the left side (e.g. with a screwdriver) and unlock the lid locks
by turning them clockwise with the supplied square spanner (see
chapter 7.1.1 - "Emergency lid release").

• Align the centrifuge with a spirit level in two directions.

• Tighten the four lock nuts and close the front door.

• Plug in the mains power plug.

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Fig. 13: Alignment at the front

Fig. 14: Alignment at the back

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1 Holder for the rotor

cover

2 Hexagon socket head

screw (M6x16)

3 Holder in the

centrifuge lid

4 External holder

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5.3 Installation of the cover holder

The cover of the swing-out rotor 11805 with a windshield can be placed in
the lid of the centrifuge when loading or unloading the centrifuge. In
addition, it is possible to install a cover holder on the right side of the
centrifuge. The required accessories are included in the scope of supply:

Fig. 15: Cover holder accessories

Installation

There is a hole for the cover holder in the middle of the upper edge on the
right-hand side of the centrifuge.

• Insert the hexagon socket head screw through the hole of the cover
holder and fasten the cover holder to the hole on the right-hand side of
the centrifuge by way of the hexagon socket key (included in the scope
of supply).

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Fig. 16: Storage options for the windshield cover

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DANGER

The operating voltage on the name plate must correspond to the local
supply voltage!

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

5.4 Power supply

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

5.4.1 Type of connection

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

5.4.2 Customer-provided fuses

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

SIGMA laboratory centrifuges are units of protection class I. The
centrifuges of this type have a five-wire power cord (2.5 m) with a 5­channel Cekon-plug (16 A). Behind the front door there are three fuses with
a rocker switch.

Typically, the centrifuge must be protected with 16 Amp L or B fuses that
are to be provided by the customer.

5.4.3 Power isolating device

The electrical installation of the building must include a power isolating
device in the form of a switch or circuit breaker. This device must be
located near the centrifuge. Furthermore, it must be easily accessible for

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the operator and marked as the power isolating device for the centrifuge.

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WARNING

• Do not open the condensate drain unless the rotor is at a complete
standstill.

NOTE

At the installation site, the condensate drain can be laid to the outside (see
figure).

1 Drain outside of the centrifuge
2 Hose (part no. 80415)
3 Hose connector (unblocks the

drain when connected)

4 Unlocking button
5 Plug (to be removed prior to the

installation)

6 Centrifuge door (front, left side)
7 Clamp
8 Quick coupling
9 Lock nut (fasten by hand)
10 Condensate – rotor chamber

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

5.5 Condensate drain

The condensate drain is used to drain the condensate off that forms in the
rotor chamber during the centrifugation. It consists of a hose with a plastic
valve. This hose runs from the rotor chamber to a point on the left behind
the front door of the centrifuge.

Draining the condensate off

• Unplug the mains power plug.

• Open the front door with the supplied square spanner (order no. 930

114).

• Connect the supplied hose connector and drain the condensate.

• Disconnect the hose connector by pressing the unlocking button.

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Fig. 17 Laying the condensate drain to the outside

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1 Connector for the

cooling water inlet

2 Connector for the

cooling water outlet

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

5.6 Special equipment: water cooling system

Centrifuges with water cooling are equipped with a special refrigeration unit
with a refrigerant (CFC-free), modified electronic system, and a special
software version. The housing of the GMP version is completely closed. All
of the other units have vent slots for the motor and electronic power
system.

Operating conditions

• The centrifuge must only be operated with media-neutral water of
drinking water quality (hardness <8) or with another suitable refrigerant.
We recommend using a filter (to be provided by the customer).

• The operating pressure of the water must be between 1.5 and 5 bar.
We recommend using a pressure reducer (to be provided by the
customer).

• The maximum flow rate depends on the operating conditions (e.g.
speed and rotor temperature). The minimum cooling water consumption
at maximum power is approximately 5 l/min.

At a standstill, the water supply is stopped by a solenoid valve. In the

case of the GMP version, the valve is opened in two steps:

1. reduced flow, only for the internal air cooler

2. unlimited flow, when the compressors are running.

• The maximum temperature at the water inlet is 20°C. The lower the
water temperature, the more efficient the cooling.

• The centrifuge is equipped with a ¾-inch water connector .

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Fig. 18: Connections for the water cooling system

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DANGER

• Before the initial start-up, please ensure that your centrifuge is properly
set up and installed (see chapter 5 - "Set-up and connection").

WARNING

Do not place your fingers between the lid and the housing when closing
the lid. Risk of crushing!

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6 Using the centrifuge

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6.1 Initial start-up

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

6.2 Switching the centrifuge on

• Press the mains power switch.

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

6.2.1 Opening and closing the lid

The display then illuminates. The centrifuge is ready for operation.

The lid can be opened if the centrifuge is at a standstill and if the lid key is
illuminated.

• Press the lid key in order to open the lid.
The centrifuge cannot be started if the lid is opened.

• To close, press with both hands slightly on the lid until both locks are
audibly locked.

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WARNING

All swing-out rotors applicable for this centrifuge and the angle rotor 12510
weigh more than 18 kg.

• Always lift the rotors with a lifting device or with a sufficient number of
people helping you.

WARNING

After frequent use, the rotor tie-down screw must be loosened by some
turns, the rotor has to be lifted and fastened again. This must be done
once a day or after 20 cycles. This ensures a proper connection between
the rotor and the motor shaft.

NOTE

• Slightly grease the rotor and lid seals after cleaning.

WARNING

The lid screw serves for the fastening of the lid onto the rotor only, not for
the fastening of the rotor onto the motor shaft!

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6.2.2 Installation of rotors and accessories

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

6.2.2.1 Installation of a rotor

• Open the centrifuge lid by pressing the lid key.

• Unscrew the rotor tie-down screw from the motor shaft (counter-

clockwise).

• Lower the rotor with its central bore straight down onto the motor shaft.

• Turn the adapter end of the motor shaft anti-clockwise with the supplied

hexagon socket key (part no. 930 050) and tighten the internal thread of
the rotor with 20 Nm with the rotor wrench (size 17/19, part no. 930 018).

• Follow the safety instructions and hazard warnings (see chapter 3 -

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

"Safety")!

6.2.2.2 Installation of an angle rotor with a hermetic lid

• Lower the rotor onto the motor shaft.

• Turn the adapter end of the motor shaft anti-clockwise with the supplied

hexagon socket key (part no. 930 050) and tighten the internal thread of
the rotor with 20 Nm with the rotor wrench (size 17/19, part no. 930 018).

• Screw the rotor cover onto the rotor and tighten it with the supplied tool
no. 17985 by hand.

• The rotors can be installed or removed with a closed lid after loosening
the rotor tie-down screw.

• Follow the safety instructions and hazard warnings (see chapter 3 ­"Safety")!

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correct

incorrect

correct

incorrect

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

6.2.2.3 Installation of accessories

• Only use vessels that are suitable for the rotor.

• In the case of swing-out rotors, all of the compartments must be

equipped with buckets.

• Always load rotationally symmetrical compartments of the rotors with
the same accessories and fill to avoid imbalance.

Centrifugation with vessels of various sizes

Working with vessel of various sizes is possible. In this case, however, it is
very important that the rotationally symmetrical inserts are identical.

Fig. 19: Permissible and impermissible loading of a swing-out rotor with vessels of various
sizes (example illustration)

Centrifugation with low capacity

• Install the sample vessels in a rotationally symmetrical manner so that
the buckets and their suspensions are loaded evenly.

• It is not permissible to load angle rotors on only one axis.

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Fig. 20: Permissible and impermissible loading of an angle rotor and a swing-out rotor
(example illustration)

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NOTE

When using glass vessels, the maximum value of 4,000 x g must not be
exceeded (except special high-strength glass tubes; please refer to the
information provided by the manufacturer).

NOTE

When installing the 500 ml bottles use the supplied supporting rings.

CAUTION

At speeds above 8,000 rpm, there is an increased risk of breakage, in
particular for 250 and 500 ml bottles!

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6.2.2.4 Adapters

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

6.2.2.5 Vessels

In order to ensure easy handling, even if vessels of various sizes are used,
carrier systems were developed.

• Load the opposite adapters with the same number of vessels and with
the same weights in order to avoid imbalance.

• If all of the compartments of a carrier are not used, the buckets must be
loaded evenly. Loading the edges of a bucket only is not permissible.

• Load the tubes outside of the centrifuge. Liquids in the buckets or
multiple carriers cause corrosion.

• Fill the vessels carefully and arrange them according to their weight.
Imbalances result in the excessive wear of the bearings.

• Always fill the tubes up to their useful volume (= the volume that is
stated for the tube).

• Follow the safety instructions and hazard warnings (see chapter 3 ­"Safety")!

Maximum speed for tubes

Some tubes, such as centrifuge glass tubes, microtubes, culture tubes,
fluoropolymer tubes and especially high-volume tubes can be used in our
rotors, buckets, and adapters at higher speeds than their breaking limit.

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1 Proper loading
2 Possible loading
3 Improper loading

WARNING

The service life of the adapter for blood bags no. 13867 is limited. Refer to
the table of rotors and accessories with a different service life (see chapter

11.4 - " Table of the service life of rotors and accessories ")!

NOTE

At maximum speed, the plastic adapter 13867 must not be used at a
temperature above 25°C. If it is used at a considerably lower speed (up to
2,500 rpm), the temperature can be higher than 25°C.

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

6.2.2.6 Blood bag systems

• All six places on the rotor must be loaded with buckets.

• It is required to fill just two opposite buckets must be filled with one

adapter for blood bags and two blood bag systems each.

• The opposite buckets, including the filled blood bag systems, must have
an equal weight. If the number of blood bags is uneven, a balance
adapter must be used. For taring, several balance weights are
available.

• The blood bags must be put into opposite buckets in a mirror-inverted
way (see figure).

• In both adapter compartments, the main blood bag must be situated
towards the middle. The opposite bucket must be loaded
correspondingly (see figure, item 1).

• When using smaller bag systems or in the case of incompletely filled
blood bags, adapters (e.g. part no. 17750) must be inserted together
with the blood bag systems. This will help to avoid any slipping of the
bags, which could result in an imbalance.

Fig. 21: Loading of blood bag systems

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1 Start button
2 Display
3 Function knob
4 Stop button
5 Lid button

1 Menu bar
2 Speed field
3 RCF field
4 Rotor field
5 Program field
6 Status bar
7 Temperature field
8 Time field
9 Acceleration curve
10 Deceleration curve

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6.3 Control system "Spincontrol S"

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6.3.1 User interface

The centrifuge is operated via three buttons with integrated light-emitting
diodes and one function knob. The display is divided into several different
fields. The various functions of the system can be called up by pressing
and turning the function knob.

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Fig. 22: User interface of the Spincontrol S control system

Display

The centrifuge display has the following fields:

Fig. 23: Display of the Spincontrol S control system

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NOTE

A quick stop can be performed even if the centrifuge is blocked against
unauthorised use.

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6.3.2 Manual mode

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6.3.2.1 Starting a centrifugation run

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6.3.2.2 Interrupting a centrifugation run

The centrifuge is ready for operation when the start key is illuminated.

• Press the start key in order to start a centrifugation run.

• Press the stop key in order to interrupt a centrifugation run. The

centrifugation run will be terminated prematurely.

Quick stop

• Press the stop key for more than three seconds.

The centrifuge decelerates with the maximum deceleration curve.
After a quick stop, the centrifuge lid must be opened before a new

centrifugation run can be started.
A quick stop can also be triggered during a normal deceleration, e.g. in

order to speed up the deceleration.

When a quick stop is triggered, ―Quick stop‖ will be displayed in the speed

field.

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6.3.2.3 Interrupting a deceleration process

• Press the start key during a deceleration process in order to interrupt it

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and to restart the centrifuge.

6.3.2.4 Selection, display, and modification of data

The "Standard" menu is displayed.

• Turn the function knob in order to select a field. The selected field is
inverted.

• Press the function knob. The display starts to flash and the modification
mode is active.

• Turn the function knob in order to modify the set value of the selected
field.

• Press the function knob again to confirm the entry and to quit the

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modification mode.

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NOTE

The centrifuge is not equipped with an active heater. As a result,
temperatures above room temperature depend on the air friction of the
running motor.

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6.3.2.5 Standard menu

The "Standard" menu is symbolised by the icon " " on the menu bar and it
is displayed a few seconds after the centrifuge has been switched on. In
this menu, the parameters of a centrifugation run can be displayed and
modified.

Fig. 24: Standard menu; here shown with all of the possible symbols

Speed

In the upper section of the field, the set speed of the centrifuge is displayed.
The actual speed is displayed below this value. The values are stated in
revolutions per minute (min-1 = rpm) and depend on the RCF values (see
chapter 2.2.2.1 - "Speed, radius, and relative centrifugal force"). The
maximum speed values depend on the rotor that is used.

Relative centrifugal force (RCF)

The relative centrifugal force is the acceleration that the sample is
subjected to during the centrifugation run. The set value of this parameter is
displayed in the upper section of this field, with the actual value shown
below. The values are stated in g (gravitational acceleration) and they
depend on the speed values (see chapter 2.2.2.1 - "Speed, radius, and
relative centrifugal force"). The maximum RCF values depend on the rotor
that is used.

Temperature

The set temperature is displayed in the upper section of the field, with the
current sample temperature shown below. Temperatures between

-20 °C and +40 °C can be preselected.

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NOTE

The parameters speed, RCF, temperature, and runtime can be changed
during the centrifugation.

NOTE

If the centrifuge ist locked with level 02 or higher, it is not possible to start
a short run.

Runtime

The set runtime is displayed in the upper section of this field, with the
remaining runtime shown below. The runtime is defined as the period from
the start of the centrifuge to the beginning of the deceleration phase. The
maximum value is 99 h 59 min 59 sec.

In the "Setup" menu , it can be specified that the runtime is not to be
started until the set speed is reached (see chapter 6.3.2.8 - "Setup menu").
In this case, the symbol "!" appears in the runtime field.

Continuous run
During the continuous run, the runtime of the centrifuge is unlimited and

must be stopped manually. The centrifuge accelerates during the
continuous run until the set speed is reached.

• Select the field "Runtime" and confirm the selection. The display flashes
when it is activated.

• Turn the function knob from the time 0:00:10 anti-clockwise or from the
time 99:59:59 clockwise. "Infinite" will be displayed. After the start of the
centrifuge, the elapsed time will be displayed.

• Deactivate the continuous run by pressing the stop button or by entering
a specific runtime.

Short run
A short run can be started if no run is active.

• Keep the start button pressed during the short run.

During the short run, the centrifuge accelerates with acceleration curve 9
(maximum acceleration) until the maximum speed of the rotor is reached.
The runtime is counted and in the speed field the message "Short run"
flashes.

When the start button is released, the centrifuge decelerates with the
maximum deceleration curve to a standstill.

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Rotor: rotor selection list

This field shows the rotor that is currently being used.

• Select the field "Rotor" and confirm the selection. A list with all of the
possible rotors without buckets is displayed.

• Select the desired rotor.
– If an angle rotor is selected, additional information concerning this

rotor will be displayed.

– In the case of swing-out rotors, a list with all of the possible

rotor/bucket combinations will be displayed. Select an item from the
list so that the additional information concerning the combination will
be displayed.

• Press the function knob in order to accept the data.

Fig. 25: Rotor selection list, here with potential rotor-bucket combinations
and additional information

Automatic rotor identification
The centrifuge automatically identifies the rotor that is currently being used.

• If the system identifies a different rotor than the one that is set and if
there are no different buckets for this rotor, the rotor input will be
adapted automatically. The system will not display a message.

• If the system identifies a different rotor than the one that is set, and if
there are different rotor/bucket combinations for this rotor, the system
will automatically identify the correct rotor and select the rotor/bucket
combination with the lowest speed. The system will display a
corresponding message so that the combination can be adapted
manually.

• If the system cannot identify the rotor, a message will be displayed. The
rotor cannot be used in the centrifuge.

This prevents the maximum permissible speed from being exceeded.

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Acceleration

This function is used to select an acceleration curve. One can select a
linear rise (curves 0-9) or a quadratic rise (curves 10-19). The acceleration
curves 20-29 can be programmed as desired (see chapter 11.3 ­"Acceleration and deceleration curves").

Deceleration (brake)

This function is used to select a curve that decelerates the centrifuge to a
standstill. Deceleration curves are inverted images of the acceleration
curves and are labelled with identical numbers. Deceleration curve no. 0
represents a brakeless deceleration.

Progr.: program list

This field in the "Standard" menu shows the program that is currently
loaded. When the field is selected, the program list is displayed (for
information on how to work with the programs, please see chapter 6.3.3 ­"Program mode").

The program "RAPID_TEMP" (see below) cannot be deleted.

Fig. 26: Program list

Program "RAPID_TEMP"
Precooling or preheating at a standstill may distort the measurement results

and cause the increased wear of the mechanical components. This is why
the centrifuge has a special program that precools or preheats the rotor
chamber rapidly to a preset value under defined conditions.

• Select the option "Progr" in the "Standard" menu and confirm the
selection. The program list will be displayed.

• Select the program "RAPID_TEMP" on the program list and confirm the

selection. The display shows ⅓ of the maximum rotor speed and the

corresponding RCF value. The deceleration (brake) and acceleration
curves correspond to curve 9 and the runtime field indicates "infinite"
(continuous run).

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NOTE

The program will only be loaded if the actual temperature is above the set
temperature.

NOTE

The automatic lid opening function is suppressed after a rapid cooling run
in order to prevent the system from reheating.

NOTE

The delta T temperature monitoring system (see chapter 6.3.2.7 ­"Parameters menu", Process) remains inactive as long as the
"RAPID_TEMP" program is active.

Fig. 27: Program "RAPID_TEMP"

• Press the start button in order to start the rapid cooling run.

• During the rapid cooling run, the set temperature can be modified within

the range below the actual temperature.

The current status of the program will be displayed on the status bar.

The ―RAPID_TEMP― program will be stopped under the following

conditions:

• The set value is reached. In this case, the "RAPID_TEMP" program
stops with a sound signal and the standstill cooling system will be
activated.

• The stop button is pressed. The "RAPID_TEMP" program will be
stopped prematurely. No message will be issued when the set
temperature is reached.

• A parameter is changed (except for the temperature) or another input is
made. In this case, the "RAPID_TEMP" program will be aborted. No
message will be issued when the set temperature is reached.

After the stop, the previous program will be reloaded or the changed
parameters will be adopted as the new settings.

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NOTE

If the "RAPID_TEMP" program is used, the temperature of the unloaded
aluminium bucket will be displayed. If samples, which have not been
precooled, are placed into the buckets, the displayed temperature will
deviate from the actual sample temperature.

Progress indicator

The progress indicator provides a quick overview of the remaining runtime
of the running centrifugation run. For this purpose, a green progress bar
and percentage value are displayed in the program field.

Fig. 28: Progress indicator during a centrifugation run

After the completion of the centrifugation run, the progress indicator
remains at 100% until

• the lid is opened,

• a parameter is changed,

• a program is loaded, saved, or deleted, or

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• a new centrifugation run is started.

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6.3.2.6 Process library menu

The process library can be opened via the " " symbol on the menu bar. It
provides the user with an overview of all of the stored programs as
processes.

The processes are listed with their name, RCF, runtime, and temperature
(exception: the "RAPID_TEMP" program will not be listed).

The order of the processes corresponds to their storage locations on the
program list. Empty storage locations will not be displayed. If more than 11
programs have been stored, the user can scroll through the list.

Fig. 29: Process library menu

Loading a process

• In the process library, select the desired process by turning the function
knob. Press the function knob in order to confirm the selection.

The process will be loaded and the "Standard" menu will be displayed.

Starting a process

• In the process library, select the desired process by turning the function
knob. Then, press the start button.

The process will be loaded and started. The "Standard" menu will be

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displayed.

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CAUTION

Unmoved air in the rotor chamber leads to an incorrect measuring and
control behaviour and causes the compressor to freeze over. At
temperatures below 0°C, aqueous liquids will freeze, thereby preventing
sedimentation.

• Do not cool the rotor below 0°C at a standstill.

NOTE

The centrifuge is equipped with the "RAPID_TEMP" program. This
program is used to precool the rotor chamber quickly under defined
conditions (see chapter 6.3.2.5 - "Standard menu", Program list).

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6.3.2.7 Parameters menu

The "Parameters" menu is symbolised by the " " symbol on the menu
bar. It is used to specify various conditions for the centrifugation. These
conditions are used to monitor the process and to control access to the
centrifuge.

Fig. 30: Menu "Parameters"

Process

Standstill cooling
Depending on the substances to be centrifuged, it may make sense to

precool the centrifuge. The precooling prevents the cooled samples in the
uncooled centrifuge from heating up to an inadmissible temperature level.

If the standstill cooling function is activated, the centrifuge starts to precool
after it is switched on. In the runtime field, the symbol "" is displayed. The
lid must be closed.

Radius
The radius determines the value of the relative centrifugal force (RCF) that

the sample is subjected to. Normally, the maximum RCF value is displayed.
If the value is reduced manually, a downward facing arrow "" will be
displayed in the RCF field.

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NOTE

If the function is activated during a centrifugation run, the monitoring
process will not be started until the start of the next centrifugation run.

NOTE

If the centrifugation monitoring system is used in combination with free
acceleration or deceleration curves, unjustified error messages may result
in certain cases.

Density
This setting is useful for glass vessels. If the density of the liquid to be

centrifuged is higher than 1.2 g/cm3, the value must be adapted manually in
order to prevent the glass vessel from breaking. This will reduce the
maximum possible final speed (see chapter 2.2.2.2 - "Density"). The
reduction will be represented by a downward facing arrow "" in the speed
field. Values between 1.2 and 10.0 g/cm3 are possible.

Centrifugation monitoring
The centrifugation monitoring function enables the continuous monitoring of

the speed and runtime parameters during the centrifugation.

• Activate the centrifugation monitoring function by clicking.

The centrifugation monitoring function compares the speed values of the
current run with the reference values that are stored in the control unit.
After every run, it issues a corresponding message.

The runtime is considered faulty if the centrifugation run had to be stopped
prematurely.

Fig. 31: Example of a centrifugation monitoring message

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NOTE

The delta T temperature monitoring system remains inactive as long as the
"RAPID_TEMP" program is active (see chapter 6.3.2.5 - "Standard menu",
"Program "RAPID_TEMP"").

NOTE

A spin-out, in particular with heavy rotors and at high speeds, can take a
lot of time! (Depending on the rotor and load, the speed will be reduced by
approximately 0.5 to 1 rpm per second.)

Temperature monitoring
The control system includes a temperature monitoring function. If the actual

temperature difference with regard to the set value deviates from the set
temperature difference, the centrifuge will stop and an error message will
be issued.

• Activate the temperature monitoring function by clicking.

• Adjust the desired "Delta T" limit value in steps of 1°C or 1°F and

confirm the setting.

If the temperature monitoring function is active, the symbol " " is displayed
in the temperature field of the "Standard" menu.

In this case, the centrifuge can only be started if the current temperature is
between the preset temperature in the "Standard" menu and the "Delta T"
limit value.

If the temperature leaves this range during the centrifugation run, an error
message will be displayed and the centrifuge will be decelerated to a
complete standstill.

Spin-out from…
If this function is active, the brake will be deactivated when the actual

speed is below the set speed. As a result, the rotor will spin out in a
brakeless manner.

If the spin-out is active, "+0" is displayed next to the deceleration curve.

• The spin-out can be interrupted by a quick stop or by restarting the
centrifuge.

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Lock

In order to prevent any unauthorised use of the centrifuge, the following
functions can be blocked:

• Saving of programs (level 01)

• Changing of parameters, short run (level 02)

• Loading of programs (level 03)

• Start button (level 04)

Blocking a function

• Select the function that is to be blocked. The lower levels will also be
automatically selected (if, for example, the "Parameters" function is
selected, the "Save" function will also be selected).

• Select the button "Activate code".

• Enter a four-digit code and confirm the entry.

The lock is now active. The symbol " " will be displayed in the status line
and the lock level will be indicated.

If changes are made after a function has been blocked, the system will ask
for the code prior to executing the change.

Fig. 32: "Parameters" menu with an active lock (level 01)

Unblocking a function

• Select the button "Deactivate code".

• Enter the code and confirm the entry.

The lock is now deactivated.

Changing the code

• Select the button "Change code".

• Enter the old code and confirm the entry.

• Enter the new code.

• For safety reasons, the code must be entered a second time.

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The code is now changed.

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CAUTION

When the lid is open, the cooling is not active. The sample may warm up!

NOTE

In the program mode, this function can be saved separately for every
program. In this case, the symbol "!" will be displayed under the runtime
of the detailed program description.

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6.3.2.8 Setup menu

The "Setup" menu is symbolised by the " " symbol on the menu bar. It is
used to perform basic settings concerning the control system of the
centrifuge. It enables the optimum adaptation of the centrifuge to its specific
area of application.

Fig. 33: Menu "Setup"

Function

Open lid after run
The automatic lid opening function ensures that the lid opens when the

rotor has stopped.

Program rotation
See chapter 6.3.3.5 - "Automatic program rotation".

Runtime as of set speed
If this function is active, the runtime will not be measured until the set speed

is reached. In the "Standard" menu, the symbol "!" will be displayed in the
runtime field.

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NOTE

Regardless of the fine adjustment, the step size increases when the
function knob is turned quickly.

Start delay
If the start delay function is active, the centrifuge will not start until the

preset time has elapsed. The symbol "" will be displayed in the runtime
field.

Display deceleration time
In the activated mode, the deceleration time will be displayed instead of the

runtime during and after the deceleration process. Below the time display,
the symbol " " will be displayed. During a deceleration process, the
symbol flashes. Once the deceleration is complete, it is displayed in a
permanent manner.

Display

Temperature unit
The temperature can be displayed in °C (Celsius) or °F (Fahrenheit).

Language
The control system can be used in various language versions.
If a language is selected by mistake, it can be changed on any screen as

follows:

• Press and hold the stop button.

• Turn the function knob one notch to the left and then one notch to the

right.

• Release the stop button. The "Language" window will be displayed.

• Select the desired language.

Speed/RCF fine and Time fine
This menu item can be used to preselect the set speed in steps of 1 rpm

(instead of 100 rpm), the RCF value in steps of 1 x g (instead of 10 x g),
and the set time in steps of 1 min or 1 sec (instead of 10 min or 10 sec).

Invert
If this function is activated, the display switches from the standard setting

with a bright background and dark writing to a dark background with bright
writing.

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NOTE

Values can neither be entered nor changed in the menus "Cycles", "Info",
and "Sensor".

System

Cycles
This field shows the number of cycles as well as the runtime of the rotor

and buckets that are used.

Info
This item provides information on the software versions that are used in this

centrifuge.

Sensor
The sensor mode is reserved for the service personnel.

Name
In this field, an identification will be assigned to the centrifuge.

• The letters and characters can be entered when the cursor flashes in
the text field. Turn the function knob in order to select a character and
press it to confirm the selection. Then, press the knob again in order to

enter the next character. Pressing the arrow button ← will delete the

last character. The maximum number of characters is 19.

• When the name is complete, select the option "Accept" and confirm it.

Buzzer (signal)

With this function, a warning sound signal can be selected for

• the end of a centrifugation run,

• an imbalance message,

• an error message.

The duration of the warning signal can be specified.

External

This function is only available if the centrifuge is equipped with the option
for the input and output of data (external signal, floating switch) (see

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chapter 6.3.4 - "Options for data input and output").

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NOTE

During a centrifugation run, curves can only be displayed. They cannot be
changed or deleted.

NOTE

Only the last curve interval can be changed retroactively.

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6.3.2.9 Curve menu

This menu is used to create and edit customised acceleration and
deceleration curves (see chapter 11.3 - "Acceleration and deceleration
curves"). It is symbolised by the " " symbol on the menu bar.

Fig. 34: Menu "Curve"

Creating or changing an acceleration curve

• Select the "Curve" menu. The curve editor will be displayed.

• Select a curve number between 20 and 29 in the input field "Curve". If

the curve number is already used, the stored curve will be displayed.

• The input field "Int" is used to specify the interval number of the
process. Up to ten intervals can be entered for a curve.

• Enter the interval time of the current interval into the input field "Time".
While doing so, certain restrictions must be taken into consideration
(see below).

• Enter the desired acceleration under "min-1" (rpm) or "RCF". While doing
so, certain restrictions must be taken into consideration (see below).
The values are interdependent.

• In the first interval, "QUAD/LIN" can be used to select a linear or
quadratic rise. All of the other intervals are linear.

The field "Total" shows the total runtime of the process. The maximum total
runtime of a curve depends on the slope of the curve and on the final speed
of the rotor.

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NOTE

In order to connect a barcode scanner, the centrifuge must be equipped
with a second RS232 interface and a corresponding circuit board.

Restrictions

• Acceleration and deceleration curves can include intervals with a
positive slope as well as intervals with a negative slope and also
intervals with 0 slope.

• The slope of the curve intervals can be 1 min-1/sec (rpm/sec) minimum
and 1000 min-1/sec (rpm/sec) maximum.

• Quadratic curve intervals are only possible between 0 and 1000 min-1
(rpm) maximum. If a final speed > 1000 min-1 (rpm) is selected, this
interval will automatically become linear above 1000 min-1 (rpm).

• The possible runtime results from the maximum possible speed
(depending on the rotor) and from the slope limitation.

Example 1: Start speed 0 min-1 (rpm), final speed 100 min-1 (rpm),
runtime 1 hour not possible, since the necessary slope < 0.03 min-1
(rpm), which means that it is beyond the defined range.

Example 2: Start speed 0 min-1 (rpm), final speed 15000 min-1 (rpm),
runtime 10 sec. not possible, since the necessary slope is 1500 min-1

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(rpm), which means that it is beyond the defined range.

6.3.2.10 Option: Barcode menu

If the centrifuge is equipped with the barcode scanner function, the symbol
" " will be displayed on the menu bar. In order to use this function, a PC
and a barcode scanner must be connected to the RS232 interface.

The "Barcode" menu shows all of the codes that are stored in the control
system. Data structure 020 is displayed in the left-hand area of the screen,
and data structure 001 is in the right-hand area. Free storage locations are
symbolised by symbols without any code.

Fig. 35: Barcode menu

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NOTE

In the event of a mains power failure, all the codes that have been
scanned in so far will be lost and must be scanned again.

With the barcode scanner, the barcodes can be scanned directly at the
centrifuge during the loading process. The centrifugation data can be
enquired cyclically (automatically) by the PC. Once a centrifugation run is
complete, the PC can detect this and save the result (centrifugation data
with barcodes).

Barcode commands

Setting a barcode: "setbarcode"
Every code must be set separately. This is done automatically by way of

the scanner. Barcodes will only be accepted under the following conditions:

• There is no active centrifugation run.

• There are not any barcodes stored in the system which have already

been used for a centrifugation run.

• The barcode does not already exist.

• It is an ISBT 128 barcode with the data structure 001 (donation

identification number) and there are fewer than 12 of these codes
stored in the system.

• It is an ISBT 128 barcode with the data structure 020 (staff member
identification number) and there are not any barcodes with this data
structure stored in the system.

If the barcode is accepted, the data of the last centrifugation run will be
automatically deleted and the "Barcode" menu will be displayed.

Reading out the stored barcodes: "getbarcodes"
All of the codes will be output in one response. This leads to the following

possible response formats:

• No codes are stored
 syntax "Barcodes none\r\n"

• Only codes with the data structure 001 are stored

 syntax "Barcodes abc, def,…\r\n" (abc, def,… = barcodes)

• Only codes with the data structure 020 are stored

 syntax "Barcodes abc (staff)\r\n" (abc = barcode)

• Codes with the data structures 001 and 020 are stored

 syntax: "Barcodes abc (staff), def,…\r\n" (abc, def,… = barcodes)

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NOTE

This command will not be accepted unless the centrifuge is at a standstill.

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

6.3.2.11 Help menu

Deleting the stored barcodes: "deletebarcodes"
This command is used to delete all of the stored barcodes.

The "Barcode" menu will be updated.

Reading out the data of the last centrifugation run: "getlastrun"
The response to this command includes information concerning the

parameters and status of the last centrifugation run (for the exact format of
the data see chapter 11.6 - "Serial Control Interface Specification").

If barcodes have been stored, they will also be output as follows:

• Syntax data structure 001:
"Barcode;x;abc\r\n" (x = serial number starting at 1, abc = barcode)

• Syntax data structure 020:
"Barcode;Staff Member ID;abc\r\n" (abc = barcode)

The enquiry can be performed at any time (before, during, and after the
centrifugation run). Depending on the time of the enquiry, some of the
results may still be unknown.

The help function is symbolised by the " " symbol on the menu bar. It
provides a short description of the control elements of the selected option.

Activating and deactivating the help function

• Select the question mark on the menu bar and press the function knob.

• Quit the help function by selecting the question mark and by pressing

the function knob again.

Parameters can still be changed when the help function is activated.

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Fig. 36: Menu "Help"

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

6.3.2.12 Changing the contrast

To change the contrast:

• Press and hold the stop button and turn the function knob one notch to
the left. A dialog box will be displayed once the stop button is released.

• Adjust the contrast of the centrifuge display and confirm the change.

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

Fig. 37: Dialog box for changing the contrast

6.3.3 Program mode

A program contains all of the data that are required for a centrifuge run.
Certain sedimentation results can be repeated under identical conditions.

Programs can be loaded, executed, edited, and deleted when the
centrifuge is at a standstill.

A maximum of 60 programs can be stored under the numbers 1-60. The
program "RAPID_TEMP" does not occupy any storage location and cannot
be deleted. It is used to bring the centrifuge to a specific temperature
without any vessels.

"--" means that the values that are currently set are not a stored program.
The programs can be protected against unauthorised use, modification, or

deletion with the aid of a code (see chapter 6.3.2.7 - "Parameters menu").

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Stored programs are listed in the "Process library" menu .

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

6.3.3.1 Saving a program

• Enter the parameters that are to be included in the program.

• Select the option "Progr" in the "Standard" menu and confirm the

selection. The program list will be displayed.

• Select a storage location from the program list.

• Save the program under the desired name. The letters and characters

can be entered when the cursor flashes in the text field.

– Turn the function knob in order to select a letter and press it to

– Pressing the arrow button  will delete the last character.

• When the program name is complete, select "OK" and confirm it.

The program will be saved and the "Standard" menu will be displayed.

confirm the selection. Then, the next character can be selected.

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

Fig. 38: Assignment of a program name prior to saving the program

6.3.3.2 Loading a program

• Select the option "Progr" from the "Standard" menu and confirm the
selection by pressing the function knob. The program list will be
displayed.

• Select the desired program from the list and confirm the selection by
pressing the function knob.

Or:

• Open the process library , select the desired program, and confirm
the selection by pressing the function knob.

The program will be loaded and the "Standard" menu will be displayed.

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

Fig. 39: Loading a program

6.3.3.3 Executing a program

• Select the option "Progr" from the "Standard" menu and confirm the
selection by pressing the function knob. The program list will be
displayed.

• Select the desired program from the list and confirm the selection by
pressing the function knob.

• Press the start button.

Or:

• Open the process library , select the desired program, and press the
start button.

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

The program will be executed and the "Standard" menu will be displayed.

6.3.3.4 Deleting a program

• Select the option "Progr" in the "Standard" menu and confirm the
selection. The program list will be displayed.

• Select the program that is to be deleted.

• Select the option "Delete" and confirm it.

The program will be deleted and the "Standard" menu will be displayed.

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Fig. 40: Deleting a program

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

6.3.3.5 Automatic program rotation

With the automatic program rotation, several programs can be executed
directly one after the other.

• Activate the "Program rotation" function in the "Setup" menu .

Fig. 41: Program rotation function

When a program is loaded while the program rotation function is active, this
program will be used as the start program for the rotation. After the
completion of the program, the next program on the program list will be
loaded automatically. The rotation continues up to the next empty storage
location and then restarts from the beginning (see the following illustration).

Example 1: Loading of Test04

Rotation: Test04, Test05, Test06, Test04,...

Example 2: Loading of Test05

Rotation: Test05, Test06, Test05,...

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Fig. 42: Automatic program rotation

While the program rotation function is active, the arrow " " is displayed in
the program line in the "Standard" menu.

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

6.3.4 Options for data input and output

• Connection for a serial interface (depending on the model, partly
standard).

• External signal active DC 24 V, 0.5 A max. (part no. 17701)

• Floating switch AC 250 V max., 6 A (part no. 17702)

• Connection of a barcode scanner via a barcode extension board (see

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

chapter 6.3.2.10 - "Option: Barcode menu")

6.4 Switching the centrifuge off

• Open the centrifuge when it is not in use so moisture can evaporate.

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• Switch the centrifuge off by pressing the mains power switch.

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NOTE

Error messages can be eliminated by pressing the lid key. The error itself
will not be eliminated, but the centrifuge can be operated again.

Type of error

Possible reason

Correction

No indication on the display

No power in the mains supply

Check fuse in the mains supply

Power cord is not plugged in

Plug in power cord correctly

Fuses have tripped

Reactivate temperature fuse (see
chapter 5.4.1 - "Type of connection")

Mains power switch off

Switch mains power switch on

Centrifuge cannot be started:
start key LED is not illuminated

Several possible causes

Power off/on. If the error occurs
again, contact service

Centrifuge cannot be started:
lid key LED flashes

The lid lock is not closed correctly

Open and close the lid. If the error
occurs again, contact service

Centrifuge decelerates during
operation

Brief mains power failure

Press start key in order to restart the
centrifuge

System error

Power off/on. If the error occurs
again, contact service

Centrifuge decelerates during
operation, imbalance dialog box is
displayed

– Improper loading
– Centrifuge is inclined
– Drive problem
– Centrifuge was moved during run

Balance load and restart the
centrifuge. If the error occurs again,
contact service (see chapter 7.1.1 ­"Emergency lid release")

– Ungreased load- bearing bolts

Clean and grease load- bearing bolts

Lid cannot be opened

Lid lock has not released

Unlock the lid manuallyand contact
service

Lid seal sticks

Clean the lid seal and apply talcum
powder

Temperature value cannot be reached
(only for refrigerated centrifuges)

Condenser dirty (only air-cooled units)

Clean the condenser. If the error
occurs again, contact service

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7 Malfunctions and error correction

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

7.1 General malfunctions

Malfunctions are indicated by a dialog box. If the acoustic signal is
activated, it sounds when the error message is displayed.

• Eliminate the source of the problem (see table below).

• Acknowledge the error messages by pressing the lid key.

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WARNING

The lid may only be unlocked and opened when the rotor is at a standstill.

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

7.1.1 Emergency lid release

In the event of a power failure, it is possible to manually open the centrifuge
lid.

• Switch off the mains power switch and disconnect the power cord from
the socket.

• Remove the plugs (see figure, item 1) at the right side panel, e.g. with a
screw driver.

Fig. 43: Position of the openings for the emergency lid release

• Insert the supplied tube wrench (part no. 930 110) horizontally into the
hole. The key will be guided through a funnel-shaped tube to the shaft
of the lid lock motor.

Fig. 44: The emergency lid release key must be inserted horizontally.

• Unlock the motorised lid locks as follows:
– Turn the left lid lock anti-clockwise.
– Turn the right lid lock clockwise.

• Then, reinsert the plugs.

If the lid is opened via the emergency lid release system during a centrifuge
run, the centrifuge will be switched off immediately and decelerate in an

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unbraked manner.

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Error no.

Kind of error

Measures

Note

1-9

System error

• Allow to slow down

• Power off/on

All these errors stop the
centrifuge or cause it to
decelerate brakeless

10-19

Speedometer error

• Allow to slow down

• Power off/on

20-29

Motor error

• Power off

• Ensure ventilation

30-39

EEPROM error

• Allow to slow down

• Power off/on

With error 34, 35, and 36, the
centrifuge will stop;
with error 37 and 38 only an
error message will be given

40-45

Temperature error
(only for refrigerated centrifuges)

• Allow to slow down

• Power off

• Allow to cool down

• Provide better ventilation (only

air cooled centrifuges)

• Provide sufficient water
throughput (only water cooled
centrifuges)

46-49

Imbalance error (only for centrifuges
with imbalance monitoring system)

• Allow to slow down

• Power off

• Eliminate the imbalance

50-59

Lid error

• Press lid key

• Close lid

• Remove foreign matter from

the opening of the lid lock
device

With error 50 and 51, the
centrifuge will stop

60-69

Process error

• Allow to slow down

• Power off/on

With error 60, the message
"power failure during run"will
be displayed, with error 61,
the message "stop after
power on" will be displayed

70-79

Communication error

• Allow to slow down

• Power off/on

80-89

Parameter error

• Power off

• Allow to cool down

• Provide for better ventilation

With error 83, error message
only

90-99

Other errors

• Check connections

• Provide sufficient water

throughput (only water cooled
centrifuges)

NOTE

If it is impossible to eliminate the errors, contact the service!

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7.2 Table of error codes

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NOTE

• If you would like to utilise our service, please state the type of your
centrifuge and its serial number.

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

7.3 Service contact

In the event of queries, malfunctions, or spare part enquiries:

From Germany:

Contact
Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH

An der Unteren Söse 50
37520 Osterode (Germany)
Tel. [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]

Outside Germany:

Contact our agency in your country. All agencies are listed at
www.sigma-zentrifugen.de  [Sales Partners]

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CAUTION

If corrosion or other damage occurs due to improper care, the
manufacturer cannot be held liable or subject to any warranty claims.

WARNING

Take suitable precautions for your own safety if there is a risk of toxic,
radioactive, or pathogenic contamination.

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8 Maintenance and service

The centrifuge, rotor, and accessories are subject to high mechanical
stress. Thorough maintenance performed by the user extends the service

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

life and prevents premature failure.

• Use soap water or other water-soluble, mild cleaning agents with a pH
value between 6 and 8 for cleaning the centrifuge and accessories (see
also chapter 8.2 - "Sterilisation and disinfection of the rotor chamber
and accessories").

• Avoid corrosive and aggressive substances.

• Do not use solvents.

• Do not use agents with abrasive particles.

• Do not expose the centrifuge and rotors to intensive UV radiation or

thermal stress (e.g. by heat generators).

8.1 Maintenance

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8.1.1 Centrifuge

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• Unplug the mains power plug before cleaning.

• Carefully remove all liquids, including water and particularly all the

solvents, acids, and alkaline solutions from the rotor chamber using a
cloth in order to avoid damage to the motor bearings.

• If the centrifuge has been contaminated with toxic, radioactive, or
pathogenic substances, clean the rotor chamber immediately with a
suitable decontamination agent (depending on the type of
contamination).

• After every cleaning process, grease the motor shaft slightly with a
small amount of heavy-duty grease for load-bearing bolts (part no.

71401) and distribute the grease with a cloth so that it forms a thin
layer.

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CAUTION

For the care of the accessories, special safety measures must be
considered as these are measures that will ensure operational safety at
the same time!

WARNING

All swing-out rotors applicable for this centrifuge and the angle rotor 12510
weigh more than 18 kg.

• Always lift the rotors with a lifting device or with a sufficient number of
people helping you.

CAUTION

Do not clean the accessories in a dishwasher!

Cleaning in a dishwasher removes the anodised coating; the result is
cracking in areas that are subject to stress.

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8.1.1.1 Condenser (only refrigerated centrifuges with an air-cooled refrigeration system)

In order to cool the refrigerant that is compressed by the refrigeration unit,
centrifuges with an air-cooled refrigeration system use a lamellar
condenser. It is cooled by air.

Dust and dirt obstruct the cooling flow of air. The dust on condenser pipes
and lamellas reduces the heat exchange and thus the performance of the
refrigeration unit.

This is why the installation site should be as clean as possible.

• Check the condenser at least once a month for dirt and clean it if
necessary.

• If you have any queries, please contact service (see chapter 7.3 -

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

8.1.2 Accessories

"Service contact").

• Immediately rinse off the rotor, buckets, or accessories under running
water if they have come into contact with any liquids that may cause
corrosion. Use a brush for test tubes to clean the bores of angle rotors.
Turn the rotor upside down and allow it to dry completely.

• Clean the accessories outside the centrifuge once a week or preferably
after each use. Adapters should be removed, cleaned and dried.

• If the rotors or accessories have been contaminated with toxic,
radioactive, or pathogenic substances, clean them immediately with a
suitable decontamination agent (depending on the type of
contamination). Take suitable precautions for your own safety if there is
a risk of toxic, radioactive, or pathogenic contamination.

• Dry the accessories with a soft cloth or in a drying chamber at

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approx. 50°C.

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WARNING

Plastic accessories must not be greased!

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8.1.2.1 Plastic accessories

The chemical resistance of plastic decreases with rising temperatures (see
chapter 11.5 - "Resistance data").

• If solvents, acids, or alkaline solutions have been used, clean the plastic

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accessories thoroughly.

8.1.3 Rotors, buckets and carriers

Rotors, buckets and carriers are produced with the highest precision, in
order to withstand the permanent high stress from high gravitational fields.

Chemical reactions as well as stress-corrosion (combination of oscillating
pressure and chemical reaction) can affect or destroy the metals. Barely
detectable cracks on the surface can expand and weaken the material
without any visible signs.

• Check the material regularly (at least once a month) for
– cracks
– visible damage of the surface
– pressure marks
– signs of corrosion
– other changes.

• Check the bores of the rotors and multiple carriers.

• Replace any damaged components immediately for your own safety.

• After every cleaning process, grease the rotor tie-down screw slightly

with a small amount of heavy-duty grease for load-bearing bolts (part
no. 71401) and distribute the grease with a cloth so that it forms a thin

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layer.

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8.1.4 Load bearing bolts

Only greased load-bearing bolts ensure a uniform swing-out of the buckets
and, therefore, the smooth operation of the centrifuge. Load-bearing bolts
that are insufficiently greased may cause the centrifuge to stop due to an
imbalance.

• Clean the load-bearing bolts and bucket groove in order to remove the
old grease.

• Apply a small amount of heavy-duty grease for load-bearing bolts (ref.
no. 71401, see the following picture) to both load-bearing bolts of a
bucket.

Fig. 45: Sufficient quantity of grease for one bolt

• Install the bucket and swing it manually back and forth once in order to
distribute the grease.

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• Repeat this process with all the other buckets.

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CAUTION

In the case of glass breakage, immediately remove all glass particles (e.g.
with a vacuum cleaner). Replace the rubber cushions since even thorough
cleaning will not remove all glass particles.

DANGER

If dangerous materials (e.g. infectious and pathogenic substances) are
used, the centrifuge and accessories must be disinfected.

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8.1.5 Glass breakage

Glass particles will damage the surface coating (e.g. anodising) of the
buckets, which will then lead to corrosion.

Glass particles in the rubber cushions of the buckets will cause glass
breakage again.

Glass particles on the pivot bearing of the load- bearing bolts prevent the
buckets and carriers from swinging evenly, which will cause an imbalance.

Glass particles in the rotor chamber will cause metal abrasion due to the
strong air circulation. This metal dust will not only pollute the rotor chamber,
rotor, and materials to be centrifuged but also damage the surfaces of the
accessories, rotors, and rotor chamber.

In order to completely remove the glass particles and metal dust from
the rotor chamber:

• Grease the upper third of the rotor chamber with e.g. Vaseline.

• Then, let the rotor rotate for a few minutes at a moderate speed

• Remove the grease with the glass and metal particles with a cloth.

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

• If necessary, repeat this procedure.

(approx. 2000 rpm). The glass and metal particles will now collect at the
greased part.

8.2 Sterilisation and disinfection of the rotor chamber and
accessories

• Use commercially-available disinfectants such as, for example,
Sagrotan, Buraton, or Terralin (available at chemist’s shops or
drugstores).

• The centrifuge and the accessories consist of various materials. A
possible incompatibility must be considered.

• Before using cleaning or decontamination agents that were not
recommended by us, contact the manufacturer to ensure that such a
procedure will not damage the centrifuge.

• For autoclaving, consider the continuous heat resistance of the
individual materials (see chapter 8.2.1 - "Autoclaving").

Please contact us if you have any queries (see chapter 7.3 - "Service

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contact").

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NOTE

It cannot be excluded that plastic parts, e.g. lids or carriers, may deform
during autoclaving.

Accessories

Max. temp.

(°C)

Min. time

(min)

Max. time

(min)

Max. cycles

Aluminium buckets

134-138

3 5 -

Aluminium rotors

134-138

3 5 -

Glass tubes

134-138

3

40

-

Polyallomer / polycarbonate rectangular carriers

115-118

30

40

-

Polyallomer / polycarbonate round carriers

115-118

30

40

-

Polyamide buckets

115-118

30

40

10

Polycarbonate / polyallomer lids for angle rotors

115-118

30

40

20

Polycarbonate tubes

115-118

30

40

20

Polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) caps for buckets

134-138

3 5 100

Polypropylene balance adapter for blood-bag systems

115-118

30

40

n.s.

Polypropylene copolymer tubes

115-121

30

40

20

Polypropylene rectangular carriers

115-118

30

40

-

Polypropylene rotors

115-118

30

40

20

Polypropylene round carriers

115-118

30

40

-

Polysulfone caps for buckets

134-138

3 5 100

Polysulfone lids for angle rotors

134-138

3 5 100

Rubber adapters

115-118

30

40

-

Stainless-steel balance weight for blood-bag systems

121

30

30

n.s.

Teflon tubes

134-138

3 5 100

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8.2.1 Autoclaving

The service life of the accessories essentially depends on the frequency of
autoclaving and use.

• Replace the accessories immediately when the parts show changes in
colour or structure or in the occurrence of leaks etc.

• During autoclaving, the caps of the tubes must not be screwed on in
order to avoid the deformation of the tubes.

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DANGER

In the event of service work that requires the removal of the panels, there
is a risk of electric shock or mechanical injury. Only qualified specialist
personnel is authorised to perform this service work.

NOTE

• If you would like to utilise our service, please state the type of your
centrifuge and its serial number.

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8.3 Service

The centrifuge is subject to high mechanical stress. In order to be able to
withstand this high level of stress, high-quality components were used
during the production of the centrifuge. Nevertheless, wear cannot be
excluded and it may not be visible from the outside. Especially the rubber
parts that are – among other things – part of the motor suspension, are
subject to ageing.

This is why we recommend having the centrifuge checked by the
manufacturer during an inspection once per year in the operating state and
once every three years in the dismantled state. Rubber parts should be
replaced after three years.

Information and appointments:

In Germany:

Contact
Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH
An der Unteren Söse 50
37520 Osterode (Germany)
Tel. [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]

Outside Germany:

Contact our agency in your country. All agencies are listed at
www.sigma-zentrifugen.de  [Sales Partners]

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NOTE

We will return the part/unit if no declaration of decontamination is provided!

NOTE

If the form does not include a description of the malfunction, neither a
refund nor a credit note can be issued. In this case, we reserve the right to
return the part/unit to you at your expense.

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

8.4 Return of defective centrifuges or parts

Although we exercise great care during the production of our products, it
may be necessary to return a unit or accessory to the manufacturer.

In order to ensure the quick and economical processing of returns of
centrifuges, spare parts, or accessories, we require complete and extensive
information concerning the process. Please fill in the following forms
completely, sign them, enclose them with the return package, and send
them together with the product to:

Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH
An der Unteren Söse 50
37520 Osterode (Germany)

1. Declaration of decontamination
As a certified company and due to the legal regulations for the
protection of our employees and of the environment, we are obliged to
certify the harmlessness of all incoming goods. For this purpose, we
require a declaration of decontamination.

• The form must be filled in completely and signed by authorised and

specialised personnel only.

• Affix the original form in a clearly visible manner to the outside of the

packaging.

2. Form for the return of defective parts
This form is for the product-related data. They facilitate the assignment,
and they enable the quick processing of the return. If several parts are
returned together in one packaging, please enclose a separate problem
description for every defective part.

• A detailed problem description is necessary in order to perform the

repair quickly and economically.

• Upon request, we will prepare and submit to you a cost estimate
prior to performing the repair. Please confirm such cost estimate
within 14 days. If the cost estimate has still not been confirmed after
4 weeks, we will return the defective part/unit. Please note that you
must bear the incurred costs.

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NOTE

The defective part/unit must be packaged in a transport-safe manner.
Please use the original packaging for the unit, if at all possible.

If the product is dispatched to us in unsuitable packaging, you will be
charged the cost for returning it to you in new packaging.

The forms can be downloaded online from

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www.sigma-zentrifugen.de  [Service]  [Overhaul and repair].

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In accordance with the directive 2002/96/EC, SIGMA centrifuges are
marked with the symbol shown to the left. This symbol means that it is not
permissible to dispose of the unit among household waste.

• You can return these centrifuges free of cost to
Sigma Laborzentrifugen GmbH.

• Ensure that the unit is decontaminated. Fill in a declaration of
decontamination (see chapter 8.4 - "Return of defective centrifuges or
parts").

• Comply with any other applicable local rules and regulations.

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

9 Disposal

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9.1 Disposal of the centrifuge

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9.2 Disposal of the packaging

• Use the packaging to return the centrifuge for disposal or

• dispose of the packaging, after having separated the individual

materials.

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• Comply with all local rules and regulations.

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Manufacturer

SIGMA Laborzentrifugen GmbH
An der Unteren Söse 50
37520 Osterode (Germany)

Type:

8KS

8KBS

Connection requirements
Electr. connection:

Protection class:
IP code:

see name plate
I
20

see name plate
I
20

Connected load (kVA):
Power consumption (kW):
Max. current consumption (A):
Input fuse (AT):

7.5

6.5

11.5 (at 3x400V / 50 Hz)

16.0

7.5

6.5

11.5 (at 3x400V / 50 Hz)

16.0

Performance data
Max. speed (rpm):

Max. capacity (ml):
Max. gravitational field (x g):
Max. kin. energy (Nm):

10,500
12,000
20,954
280,080

5,100
12,000
8,578
280,080

Other parameters
Time range:

Temperature range:
Storage locations:

10 sec to 99 h 59 min 59 sec,
short run, continuous run

-20 to +40°C

60

10 sec to 99 h 59 min 59 sec
short run, continuous run

-20 to +40°C

60

Physical data
Height (mm):

Height with open lid (mm):
Width (mm):
Depth (mm):
Weight (kg):

Noise level (dB(A)):

990
1,679
810
945
450

< 73 (at maximum speed)

990
1,679
810
945
450

< 73 (at maximum speed)

Refrigerant data
Refrigerant:

Filling quantity (kg):
Pressure (bar):
CO2 equivalent (t):

R404A

2.280

25

8.942

R404A

2.280

25

8.942

Special equipment:
Water cooling system

Tap connections (inch):
Inlet pressure (bar):
Min. flow rate (l/min):
Max. temperature at water inlet (°C):

2 x ¾

1.5 to 5.0

5 (at maximum power)
20

2 x ¾

1.5 to 5.0

5 (at maximum power)
20

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10 Technical data

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10.1 Ambient conditions

• The figures are valid for an ambient temperature of +23°C and a
nominal voltage  10 %. The minimum temperature is ≤ +4°C and
depends on the rotor type, speed, and ambient temperature.

• For indoor use only.

• Allowable ambient temperature +5°C to +35°C.

• Max. relative humidity of air 80% up to 31°C with a linear decrease to

67% relative humidity of air at 35°C.

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• Maximum altitude 2,000 m above sea level.

10.2 Technical documentation

For environmental reasons, the comprehensive technical documentation of
the centrifuge (e.g. circuit diagrams) and the safety data sheets of the
manufacturers of refrigerants and lubricants are not attached to this
documentation.

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You can order these documents from our service department.

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NOTE

If the swing-out rotor 11805 with a windshield is used in combination with
the blood bag bucket 13860, it can also be used without the windshield
cover.

For all other rotor-bucket-combinations, the windshield must be closed.

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11 Appendix

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

11.1 Range of accessories

The complete list of accessories can be downloaded from
www.sigma-zentrifugen.de.

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11.1.1 Rotor radii

The information in the accessories table concerning the radius refers to the
values of the respective rotor as shown below. The radius calculation is
described in chapter 2.2.2.1 - "Speed, radius, and relative centrifugal
force".

Fig. 46: Minimum and maximum radius of an angle rotor

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Fig. 47: Minimum and maximum radius of a swing-out rotor

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11.2 Speed-gravitational-field-diagram

Fig. 48: Speed-gravitational-field-diagram

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Linear curve no.

Slop

0

4 [rpm/sec]

1

6 [rpm/sec]

2

8 [rpm/sec]

3

17 [rpm/sec]

4

25 [rpm/sec]

5

33 [rpm/sec]

6

50 [rpm/sec]

7

100 [rpm/sec]

8

200 [rpm/sec]

9

1.000 [rpm/sec]

Quadratic curve no.

Time until 1,000 rpm

Slope as of 1,000 rpm

10

500 sec

4 [rpm/sec]

11

333 sec

6 [rpm/sec]

12

250 sec

8 [rpm/sec]

13

118 sec

17 [rpm/sec]

14

80 sec

25 [rpm/sec]

15

60 sec

33 [rpm/sec]

16

40 sec

50 [rpm/sec]

17

20 sec

100 [rpm/sec]

18

10 sec

200 [rpm/sec]

19

2 sec

1.000 [rpm/sec]

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11.3 Acceleration and deceleration curves

Linear as well as quadratic curves are numbered in the direction of
increasing acceleration (from right to left).

The deceleration curves are inverted images of the acceleration curves and
are assigned the same numbers. An exception is curve 0. It decelerates
brakeless (spin-out).

In general, the runtime, until the set speed is reached, depends on the
moment of inertia of the rotor.

Linear curves

The slope of the fixed acceleration curves defines the time that is required
to accelerate the rotor by 1,000 rpm.

Curve 9 is a special case compared to the other curves. The centrifuge
accelerates with maximum power. The runtime, until the set speed is
reached, depends solely on the moment of inertia of the rotor.

Fig. 49: Slope of linear curves

Quadratic curves

Curve 19 is a special case compared to the other curves. The centrifuge
accelerates with maximum power. The runtime depends solely on the
moment of inertia of the rotor.

Fig. 50: Slope of quadratic curves

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Fig. 51: Diagram of linear curves

Fig. 52: Diagram of quadratic curves

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Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KS
Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KBS

11 Appendix

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Rotor /
bucket

Cycles

Service life

("Exp.Date")

Autoclaving Suitable for centrifuge Remarks

9100 15,000

4-15C, 4K15C, 4-16, 4-16S,
4-16K, 4-16KS, 6-15, 6K15,
6-16, 6-16K

without engraving, only
"spincontrol
professional" and
"spincontrol S"

11026 7 years

1-14, 1-14K

11805 10 years*

8K, 8KB, 8KS, 8KBS

*in combination with
bucket 13850 or 13860

12033 5 years

1-16 Edition, 1-16K Edition

12082 7 years

1-14, 1-14K

12083 7 years

1-14, 1-14K

12084 7 years

1-14, 1-14K

12085 7 years

1-14, 1-14K

12092 5 years 20x

1-14, 1-14K

12093 5 years 20x

1-14, 1-14K

12094 5 years 20x

1-14, 1-14K

12096 5 years 20x

1-14, 1-14K

12097 5 years 20x

1-14, 1-14K

12101 5 years 20x

1-15, 1-15K, 1-15P, 1-15PK

12124 5 years 20x

1-15, 1-15K, 1-15P, 1-15PK

12126 5 years 20x

1-15, 1-15K, 1-15P, 1-15PK

12134 5 years 20x

1-16, 1-16K

12135 5 years 20x

1-16, 1-16K

12137 5 years 20x

1-16, 1-16K

12500 7 years

6-15, 6K15, 6-16, 6-16K

12600 7 years

6-16S, 6-16KS

13218 20,000

4-16, 4-16S, 4-16K, 4-16KS,
6-16, 6-16S, 6-16K, 6-16KS

13296 35,000 5 years 10x

2-6, 2-6E, 2-7,
2-16P, 2-16KL, 2-16KHL

13299 5 years 10x

2-6, 2-6E, 2-7,
2-16P, 2-16KL, 2-16KHL

13635 25,000

6-16, 6-16K, 6-16S, 6-16KS

13650 20,000

4-5L, 4-16S, 4-16KS,
4-16KHS, 6-16S, 6-16HS,
6-16KS, 6-16KHS

13845 20,000

8K, 8KB, 8KS, 8KBS

13850 10,000 10 years*

8K, 8KB, 8KS, 8KBS

*in combination with
rotor 11805

13860 15,000 10 years*

8K, 8KB, 8KS, 8KBS

*in combination with
rotor 11805

13864 1,000

8K, 8KB, 8KS, 8KBS without engraving

13865 1,000

8K, 8KB, 8KS, 8KBS without engraving

13866 1,000

8K, 8KB, 8KS, 8KBS without engraving

13867 2,500

8K, 8KB, 8KS, 8KBS without engraving

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

11.4 Table of the service life of rotors and accessories

• If no other data concerning the service life are engraved on the rotor or accessory, rotors and
buckets must be checked by the manufacturer after 10 years.

• If a specification concerning the maximum number of cycles and a specification concerning the
service life (i.e. a date) are provided, the specification that occurs first shall apply.

• After 50,000 cycles, rotors must be scrapped for safety reasons.

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Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KS

Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KBS

11 Appendix

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NOTE

The data refer to resistance at 20°C.

- no data
1 resistant
2 practically resistant
3 partially resistant
4 not resistant

Concentration

High Density

Polyethylene

Polyamide

Polycarbonate

Polyoxymethylene

Polypropylene

Polysulfone

Polyvinyl chloride, hard

Polyvinyl chloride, soft

Polytetrafluorethylene

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-

caoutchouc

Aluminium

Medium

Formula

[%]

HDPE

PA

PC

POM

PP

PSU

PVC

PVC

PTFE

NBR

AL

Acetaldehyde

C2H4O

40

3 2 4 2 3 4 4 - 1 4 1

Acetamide

C2H5NO

saturated

1 1 4 1 1 4 4 - 1 - 1

Acetone

C3H6O

100

1 1 4 1 1 4 4 - 1 4 1

Acrylonitrile

C3H3N

100

1 1 4 3 3 4 4 4 1 4 1

Allyl alcohol

C3H6O

96

1 3 3 2 2 2 2 4 1 1 1

Aluminium chloride

AlCl3

saturated

1 3 2 4 1 - 1 - 1 1 4

Aluminium sulfate

Al2(SO4)3

10

1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Ammonium chloride

(NH4)Cl

aqueous

1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3

Ammonium hydroxide

NH3 + H2O

30

1 3 4 1 1 2 1 - 1 - 1

Aniline

C6H7N

100

1 3 4 1 2 4 4 4 1 4 1

Anisole

C7H8O

100

3 4 4 1 4 4 2 - 1 4 1

Antimony trichloride

SbCl3

90

1 4 1 4 1 - 1 - 1 - 4

Benzaldehyde

C7H6O

100

1 3 4 1 1 3 4 4 1 4 1

Benzene

C6H6

100

3 2 4 1 3 4 4 - 1 4 1

Boric acid

H3BO3

aqueous

1 3 1 2 1 - - - 1 1 1

Butyl acrylate

C7H12O2

100

1 2 4 2 3 4 4 4 1 - 1

Butyl alcohol, normal

C4H10O

100

1 1 2 1 1 2 2 4 1 1 1

Calcium chloride

CaCl2

alcoholic

1 4 2 3 1 - - 4 1 1 3

Carbon disulfide

CS2

100

4 3 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 3 1

Carbon tetrachloride
(TETRA)

CCl4

100

4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 3 1

Chlorine

Cl2

100

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 - 3

Chlorine water

Cl2 x H2O

3 4 4 4 3 - 3 3 1 - 4

Chlorobenzene

C6H5Cl

100

3 4 4 1 3 4 4 4 1 4 1

Chloroform

CHCl3

100

3 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 1 4 3

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

11.5 Resistance data

Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KS
Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KBS

11 Appendix

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- no data
1 resistant
2 practically resistant
3 partially resistant
4 not resistant

Concentration

High Density

Polyethylene

Polyamide

Polycarbonate

Polyoxymethylene

Polypropylene

Polysulfone

Polyvinyl chloride, hard

Polyvinyl chloride, soft

Polytetrafluorethylene

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-

caoutchouc

Aluminium

Medium

Formula

[%]

HDPE

PA

PC

POM

PP

PSU

PVC

PVC

PTFE

NBR

AL

Chromic acid

CrO3

10

1 4 2 4 1 4 1 - 1 4 1

Chromic potassium
sulphate

KCr(SO4)2 x
12H2O

saturated

1 2 1 3 1 - 1 - 1 - 3

Citric acid

C6H8O7

10

1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Citric acid

C6H8O7

50

1 3 1 2 1 - - - 1 1 1

Copper sulphate

CuSO4 x 5H2O

10

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4

Cyclohexanol

C6H12O

100

1 1 3 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 1

Decane

C10H22

100

- 1 2 1 3 - - - 1 2 1

Diaminoethane

C2H8N2

100

1 1 3 1 1 - 3 4 1 1 1

Diesel fuel — 100

1 1 3 1 1 - 1 3 1 1 1

Dimethyl formamide
(DMF)

C3D7NO

100

1 1 4 1 1 4 3 - 1 3 1

Dimethyl sulfoxide
(DMSO)

C2H6SO

100

1 2 4 1 1 4 4 - 1 - 1

Dimethylaniline

C8H11N

100

- 3 4 2 4 - - - 1 - 1

Dioxane

C4H8O2

100

2 1 4 1 3 2 3 4 1 3 1

Dipropylene glycol
(mono)methyl ether

C4H10O

100

3 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 - 1

Ethyl acetate

C4H8O2

100

1 1 4 1 1 4 4 4 1 4 1

Ethylene chloride

C2H4Cl2

100

3 3 4 1 3 4 4 4 1 - 1

Ferrous chloride

FeCl2

saturated

1 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 - 4

Formaldehyde solution

CH2O

30

1 3 1 1 1 - - - 1 2 1

Formic acid

CH2O2

100

1 4 3 4 1 3 3 1 1 2 1

Furfural

C5H4O2

100

1 3 3 2 4 - - - 1 4 1

Gasoline

C5H12 - C12H26

100

2 1 3 1 3 3 2 - 1 1 1

Glycerol

C3H8O3

100

1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1

Heptane, normal

C7H16

100

2 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 1 1 1

Hexane, n-

C6H14

100

2 1 2 1 2 1 2 4 1 1 1

Hydrogen chloride

HCl 5 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 - 1 2 4

Hydrogen chloride

HCl

concentrated

1 4 4 4 1 1 2 3 1 4 4

Hydrogen peroxide

H2O2 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 3 3

Hydrogen peroxide

H2O2

30

1 4 1 4 1 1 1 - 1 3 3

Hydrogen sulphide

H2S

10

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1

Iodine, tincture of

I2 1 4 3 1 1 - 4 4 1 1 1

Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KS

Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KBS

11 Appendix

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- no data
1 resistant
2 practically resistant
3 partially resistant
4 not resistant

Concentration

High Density

Polyethylene

Polyamide

Polycarbonate

Polyoxymethylene

Polypropylene

Polysulfone

Polyvinyl chloride, hard

Polyvinyl chloride, soft

Polytetrafluorethylene

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-

caoutchouc

Aluminium

Medium

Formula

[%]

HDPE

PA

PC

POM

PP

PSU

PVC

PVC

PTFE

NBR

AL

Isopropyl alcohol

C3H8O

100

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 - 2

Lactic acid

C3H6O3

3

1 3 1 2 1 1 2 - 1 1 1

Magnesium chloride

MgCl2

10

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Mercuric chloride

HgCl2

10

1 4 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 4

Mercury

Hg

100

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3

Methyl acetate

C3H6O2

100

1 1 4 2 1 - 4 4 1 - 1

Methyl alcohol

CH4O

100

1 2 4 1 1 3 1 3 1 2 1

Methyl benzene

C7H8

100

3 1 4 1 3 4 4 4 1 4 1

Methyl ethyl ketone
(MEK)

C4H8O

100

1 1 4 1 1 4 4 4 1 4 1

Methylene chloride

CH2Cl2

100

4 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 1 - 1

Mineral oil — 100

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1

Nitric acid

HNO3

10

1 4 1 4 1 1 1 - 1 4 3

Nitric acid

HNO3

100

4 4 4 4 4 - 4 - 1 4 1

Nitrobenzene

C6H5NO2

100

3 4 4 3 2 4 4 4 1 4 1

Oleic acid

C18H34O2

100

1 1 1 2 1 - 1 - 1 3 1

Oxalic acid

C2H2O4 x 2H2O

100

1 3 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 1

Ozone

O3

100

3 4 1 4 3 1 1 - 1 4 2

Petroleum — 100

1 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1

Phenol

C6H6O

10

1 4 4 4 1 4 1 3 1 3 1

Phenol

C6H6O

100

2 4 4 4 1 3 4 3 1 3 1

Phosphoric acid

H3PO4

20

1 4 2 4 1 - - - 1 2 4

Phosphorus
pentachloride

PCl5

100

- 4 4 4 1 - 4 4 1 - 1

Potassium hydrogen
carbonate

CHKO3

saturated

1 1 2 1 1 - - - 1 - 4

Potassium hydroxide

KOH

30

1 1 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 - 4

Potassium hydroxide

KOH

50

1 1 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 - 4

Potassium nitrate

KNO3

10

1 1 1 1 1 - - - 1 1 1

Potassium
permanganate

KMnO4

100

1 4 1 1 1 - 1 - 1 3 1

Pyridine

C5H5N

100

1 1 4 1 3 4 4 4 1 4 1

Resorcinol

C6H6O2

5

1 4 2 3 1 4 2 - 1 - 2

Silver nitrate

AgNO3

100

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4

Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KS
Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KBS

11 Appendix

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- no data
1 resistant
2 practically resistant
3 partially resistant
4 not resistant

Concentration

High Density

Polyethylene

Polyamide

Polycarbonate

Polyoxymethylene

Polypropylene

Polysulfone

Polyvinyl chloride, hard

Polyvinyl chloride, soft

Polytetrafluorethylene

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-

caoutchouc

Aluminium

Medium

Formula

[%]

HDPE

PA

PC

POM

PP

PSU

PVC

PVC

PTFE

NBR

AL

Sodium bisulphite

NaHSO3

10

1 1 2 4 1 - - - 1 1 1

Sodium carbonate

Na2CO3

10

1 1 1 1 1 - - - 1 - 3

Sodium chloride

NaCl

30

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3

Sodium hydroxide

NaOH

30

1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4

Sodium hydroxide

NaOH

50

1 1 4 1 1 1 1 - 1 2 4

Sodium sulfate

Na2SO4

10

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Spirits

C2H6O

96

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 - 1

Styrene

C8H8

100

4 1 4 1 3 - 4 4 1 4 1

Sulphuric acid

H2SO4 6 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 - 1 2 3

Sulphuric acid

H2SO4

fuming

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 4 3

Tallow — 100

1 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 1

Tetrahydrofuran (THF)

C4H8O

100

3 1 4 1 3 4 4 4 1 3 1

Tetrahydronaphthalene

C10H12

100

3 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 - 1

Thionyl chloride

Cl2SO

100

4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 - 3

Tin chloride

SnCl2

10

1 4 2 2 1 - - - 1 1 4

Transformer oil

—

100

1 1 3 3 1 1 1 - 1 1 1

Trichloroethane

C2H3Cl3

100

3 3 4 2 4 4 4 4 1 4 4

Urea

CH4N2O

10

1 1 1 1 1 - - - 1 1 1

Urine — 100

1 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 - 2

Vinegar

C2H4O2

10

1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1

Vinegar

C2H4O2

90

1 4 4 4 1 3 1 4 1 - 1

Wax — 100

- 1 1 1 - - - 1 - 1

Wines — 100

1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 - 4

Xylene

C8H10

100

3 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 1

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11 Appendix

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11.6 Serial Control Interface Specification

Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KS
Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KBS

11 Appendix

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Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KS

Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KBS

11 Appendix

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Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KS
Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KBS

11 Appendix

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Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KS

Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KBS

11 Appendix

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Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KS
Refrigerated Centrifuge Sigma 8KBS

11 Appendix

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