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Sierra Wireless
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WP8
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Sierra Wireless WP8 User Manual

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AirPrime WP8548
Hardware Integration Guide
4118723
Rev 2
Preface

Important Notice

Safety and Hazards

Do not operate the Sierra Wireless modem in areas where blasting is in progress, where explosive atmospheres may be present, near medical equipment, near life support equipment, or any equipment which may be susceptible to any form of radio interference. In such areas, the Sierra Wireless modem MUST BE POWERED OFF. The Sierra Wireless modem can transmit signals that could interfere with this equipment.
Do not operate the Sierra Wireless modem in any aircraft, whether the aircraft is on the ground or in flight. In aircraft, the Sierra Wireless modem MUST BE POWERED OFF. When operating, the Sierra Wireless modem can transmit signals that could interfere with various onboard systems.

Limitation of Liability

Note: Some airlines may permit the use of cellular phones while the aircraft is on the ground and the door is open. Sierra Wireless modems may be used at this time.
The driver or operator of any vehicle should not operate the Sierra Wireless modem while in control of a vehicle. Doing so will detract from the driver or operator's control and operation of that vehicle. In some states and provinces, operating such communications devices while in control of a vehicle is an offence.
The information in this manual is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Sierra Wireless. SIERRA WIRELESS AND ITS AFFILIATES SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM LIABILITY FOR ANY AND ALL DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, GENERAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, LOSS OF PROFITS OR REVENUE OR ANTICIPATED PROFITS OR REVENUE ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE ANY SIERRA WIRELESS PRODUCT, EVEN IF SIERRA WIRELESS AND/OR ITS AFFILIATES HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES OR THEY ARE FORESEEABLE OR FOR CLAIMS BY ANY THIRD PARTY.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall Sierra Wireless and/or its affiliates aggregate liability arising under or in connection with the Sierra Wireless product, regardless of the number of events, occurrences, or claims giving rise to liability, be in excess of the price paid by the purchaser for the Sierra Wireless product.
Rev 2 Feb.16 3 Specifications subject to change
Hardware Integration Guide

Patents This product may contain technology developed by or for Sierra Wireless Inc.

This product includes technology licensed from QUALCOMM®.
This product is manufactured or sold by Sierra Wireless Inc. or its affiliates under one or more patents licensed from InterDigital Group and MMP Portfolio Licensing.

Copyright ©2016 Sierra Wireless. All rights reserved.

Trademarks Sierra Wireless

and Open subsidiaries.
Windows® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
QUALCOMM® is a registered trademark of QUALCOMM Incorporated. Used under license.
Other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
AT logos are registered trademarks of Sierra Wireless, Inc. or one of its

Contact Information

Sales Desk: Phone: 1-604-232-1488
Post: Sierra Wireless
Technical support: support@sierrawireless.com RMA support: repairs@sierrawireless.com Fax: 1-604-231-1109
®
, AirPrime®, AirVantage®, Skylight™, and the Sierra Wireless
Hours: 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM Pacific Time Contact: http://www.sierrawireless.com/sales
13811 Wireless Way Richmond, BC Canada V6V 3A4
Web: www.sierrawireless.com
Consult our website for up-to-date product descriptions, documentation, application notes, firmware upgrades, troubleshooting tips, and press releases:
www.sierrawireless.com

Revision History

Revision number
1 February 2016 FCC / IC certification 2 February 2016 Removed trace diagrams from Chapter 4; added point #6 (for RF trace design) to
Specifications subject to change 4 4118723
Release date Changes
Important Compliance Information for North American Users on page 22.
Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2. Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Module Power States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3. RF Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Conducted Tx power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4. Routing Constraints and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
General Rules and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
PCB Layout Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Antenna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
PCB Specifications for the Application Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Recommended PCB Land Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Routing Constraints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
UIM Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
RF Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
USB Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Thermal Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
EMC and ESD Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Mechanical Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Signal Reference Schematics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5. Regulatory Compliance and Industry Certifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Important Notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Safety and Hazards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Rev 2 Feb.16 5 Specifications subject to change
Hardware Integration Guide
Important Compliance Information for North American Users . . . . . . . . . . 22
Specifications subject to change 6 4118723

1: Introduction

The AirPrime WP8548 is an industrial-grade LGA 239-pad module that provides voice and data connectivity on HSPA, WCDMA, EDGE and GPRS networks. The module also provides GNSS functionality.

Accessories

A hardware development kit is available for AirPrime WP-series modules. The kit contains hardware components for evaluating and developing with the module, including:
• Development board
• Cables
• Antennas (Additional antennas may be required to support all bands.)
• Other accessories
1
Rev 2 Feb.16 7 Specifications subject to change
Hardware Integration Guide
Specifications subject to change 8 4118723

2: Power

Power Supply

The host provides power to the AirPrime WP8548 through multiple power and ground pins. The host must provide safe and continuous power at all times; the module does not have an independent power supply, or protection circuits to guard against electrical issues.
For detailed pinout and voltage / current requirements of this module, see the AirPrime WP8548 Product Technical Specification.

Module Power States

The module has three main power states, as described in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1: Su pported Power States
State Description Wake-Up Events
2
OFF Module is off (no power to the system).
Apply power for system to go to Active state.
Interrupt Simple wakeup sources are configured to interrupt from this
power-saving state to the Active state.
Active The module may be fully functioning (WWAN radio and GNSS
radio active), or be operating in airplane mode (WWAN radio off). Module actively reduces power consumption by disabling components that are not in use (for example, stepping down clock signals, putting USB bus into selective suspend, etc.)
Apply power.
An event generated from a state change of RESET_IN_N or POWER_ON_N, or a timeout event.
System wakes up (returns to fully active mode) automatically as required, or can be woken directly via wakeable GPIOs.
Rev 2 Feb.16 9 Specifications subject to change
Hardware Integration Guide
Specifications subject to change 10 4118723

3: RF Specifications

The AirPrime WP8548 operates on the frequency bands listed below.
3
Table 3-1: WCDMA Frequency Band Support
Band Frequency (Tx) Frequency (Rx)
B1 1920–1980 2110–2170 B2 1850–1910 1930–1990 B5 824–849 869–894 B6 830–840 875–885 B8 880–915 925–960 B19 830–845 875–890
1. WCDMA channel spacing is 5 MHz, but this can be adjusted to optimize perfor­mance in a particular deployment scenario.
Table 3-2: GPRS / EDGE Frequency Band Support
Band Frequency (Tx) Frequency (Rx)
GSM 850 824–849 869–894 E-GSM 900 880–915 925–960 DCS 1800 1710–1785 1805–1880 PCS 1900 1850–1910 1930–1990
1
Table 3-3: GNSS Frequ ency Band Support
Band Frequencies
GPS 1575.42 ± 1.023 GLONASS 1597.52–1605.92 Galileo 1575.42 ± 2.046
Rev 2 Feb.16 11 Specifications subject to change
Hardware Integration Guide

Conducted Tx power

Table 3-4: Conducted Tx Max Output Power Tolerances — WCDMA
RF band Min Typ Max Notes
B1 22 23 24 Connectorized (Class 3) B2 22 23 24 Connectorized (Class 3) B5 22 23 24 Connectorized (Class 3) B6 22 23 24 Connectorized (Class 3) B8 22 23 24 Connectorized (Class 3) B19 22 23 24 Conne ctorized (Class 3)
Table 3-5: Conducted Tx Max Output Power Tolerances — GSM
RF band Min Typ Max Notes
GSM 850 31 32 33 GMSK mode, connectorized (Class 4; 2 W; 33 dBm) E-GSM 900 31 32 33 DCS 1800 28 29 30 GMSK mode, connectorized (Class 1; 1 W, 30 dBm) PCS 1900 28 29 30 GSM 850 25.5 26.5 27.5 8PSK mode, connectorized (Class E2; 0.5 W; 27 dBm) E-GSM 900 25.5 26.5 27.5 DCS 1800 24.5 25.5 26.5 8PSK mode, connectorized (Class E2; 0.4 W, 26 dBm) PCS 1900 24.5 25.5 26.5
Specifications subject to change 12 4118723
4: Routing Constraints and Recommen­dations
This section describes general routing constraints and recommendations for the AirPrime WP8548 module.
Note: This is a non-exhaustive list of suggested design guidelines. The developer is responsible for deciding whether to implement these guidelines.

General Rules and Recommendations

Clock and other high-frequency digital signals (e.g. serial buses) should be routed as far as possible from the module’s analog signals.
If the application design makes it possible, all analog signals should be separated from digital signals by a ground trace on the PCB.
Tip: Avoid routing any signals under the module on the application board.

PCB Layout Recommendations

4
Ground pads should be re-flowed on to the host PCB with < 30% voiding to allow effective heat dissipation.

Power Supply

When designing the power supply, make sure that VBAT_BB / VBAT_RF meet the requirements listed in the WP8548 Product Technical Specification.
Careful attention should be paid to the following:
• Power supply quality — PFM, or PSM systems should be avoided; Low ripple, linear regulation or PWM converters are preferred for low noise.
• Capacity to deliver high current peaks in a short time (for pulsed radio emission)
• VBAT_BB / VBAT_RF must support peak currents with an acceptable voltage drop that guarantees the minimum required VBAT_BB
• VBAT_BB / VBAT_RF signal pads must never exceed the maximum required VBAT_BB chipset may be severely damaged.
• A weakly-designed (not robust) power supply could affect EMC performance, the emission spectrum, and the phase error and frequency error.
/ VBAT_RF value, otherwise the module’s power amplifier and GPS
/ VBAT_RF value.
Rev 2 Feb.16 13 Specifications subject to change
Hardware Integration Guide

Antenna

Sierra Wireless strongly recommends working with an antenna manufacturer either to develop an antenna adapted to the application, or to adapt an existing solution to the application.
For information on routing constraints for the RF circuit, see RF Circuit on
page 15.

PCB Specifications for the Application Board

Sensitive signals (such as audio, UIM, and clocks) should be protected by ground planes being coupled.

Recommended PCB Land Pattern

/ fills. Routing sensitive signals close to noisy signals could result in noise
Refer to the AirPrime WP8548 Customer Process Guidelines document, available at
http://source.sierrawireless.com.

Routing Constraints

Power Supply

If the following design recommendations are not followed, phase error (peak) and power loss could occur.
• Since the maximum peak current can reach 2.5 A, Sierra Wireless strongly recommends having a large width for the layout of the power supply signal (to avoid voltage loss between the external power supply and VBAT_BB VBAT_RF.
/
Figure 4-1: Power Supply Routing Example
Specifications subject to change 14 4118723
Routing Constraints and Recommendations
Note: Figure 4-1 shows separate traces for VBAT_BB and VBA T_RF. If VBA T_BB and VBAT_RF share a single power supply, these traces should be connected.
Note: For optimal decoupling, place the capacitors on the underside of the board, directly under the pins.
• Filtering capacitors (100 nF to 1500 F) are recommended near the module’s
power supply.
• Attention should be paid to the ground trace or the ground plane on the appli-
cation board for the power supply that supplies the module. The ground trace or ground plane, as well as the VBAT trace, must be able to support current peaks.
• If the ground trace between the module and the power supply is a copper
plane, make sure it is a solid plane.
• Design routing to make sure total line impedance does not exceed
10
m @ 217 Hz.
Ground Plane Connection
The AirPrime WP8548 module requires a solid, central ground plane (with solder mask defined pads) located directly under the module. This will:
• Ensure high current signal returns
• Provide heat dissipation under higher operating temperatures
The ground plane should be connected (with vias) to the reference ground layer of the application board.

UIM Interface

• The length of the tracks between the AirPrime WP8548 and the UIM socket
should be as short as possible. Maximum recommended length is 10cm.
• ESD protection is mandatory on the UIM lines unless:
· An ESIM is being used, or
· There is no physical access to the UIM
• The decoupling capacitor(s) should be placed as close as possible to the UIM
card connector for the UIM1_VCC signal.

RF Circuit

The RF signal must be routed on the application board using tracks with a 50 characteristic impedance.
The characteristic impedance depends on the dielectric, the track width and the ground plane spacing.
Rev 2 Feb.16 15 Specifications subject to change
Hardware Integration Guide
It is recommended to use stripline design if the RF path is fairly long (more than 3cm), since microstrip design is not shielded. Consequently, the RF (transmit) signal may interfere with neighboring electronic circuits. In the same way, the neighboring electronics (micro-controllers, etc.) may interfere with the RF (receive) signal and degrade the reception performance.

USB Interface

When the USB interface is externally accessible, ESD protection is required on the USB_VBUS, USB_D+, and USB_D- signals.

Thermal Considerations

When transmitting, the AirPrime WP8548 can generate significant amounts of heat (due to the internal Power Amplifier) that must be dissipated in the host device for safety and performance reasons.
The amount of thermal dissipation required depends on the following factors:
• Supply voltage — Maximum power dissipation for these modules can be up to
• Usage — Typical power dissipation values depend on the location within the
3
W at voltage supply limits.
host, amount of data transferred, etc.
To enhance heat dissipation:
• Maximize airflow over / around the module
• Locate the module away from other components that generate heat
• Ensure the module is connected to a solid ground plane

EMC and ESD Recommendations

EMC tests must be performed on the application as soon as possible to detect any potential problems.
When designing, special attention should be paid to:
• Possible spurious emissions radiated by the application to the RF receiver in the receiver band
• ESD protection — Typically, ESD protection is mandatory for externally acces­sible signals, including:
· VBAT_RF / VBAT_BB
· UIM (if accessible from outside)
· Serial link
· USB
· Antennas
• Length of the UIM interface lines (preferably <10 cm)
• Length of the HSIC interface lines (<10 cm, as required by the HSIC specifi-
cation)
• EMC protection on audio input/output (filters against 900 MHz emissions)
Specifications subject to change 16 4118723
Routing Constraints and Recommendations
• Ground plane: Sierra Wireless recommends a common ground plane for
analog/digital/RF grounds
Note: The AirPrime WP8548 does not include any protection against over-vol tage.
The host device must provide adequate ESD protection on digital circuits and antenna ports as detailed in the following table.
Note: The level of protection required depends on your application.
Table 4-1: ESD specifications
Category Connection Specification
Operational RF ports
UIM connector USB connector UART connector
Non-operational Host connector
interface
1,2
IEC-61000-4-2 - Level (Electrostatic Discharge Immunity Test)
· ± 6kV Contact
· ± 8kV Air
Unless otherwise specified:
• JESD22-A114 ± 2kV Human Body Model
• JESD22-A115 ± 200V Machine Model
• JESD22-C101C ± 500V Charged Device
Model
1. ESD specifications are preliminary, subject to change.
2. ESD protection is highly recommended at the point where the UIM contacts are exposed, and for any other signals that would be subjected to ESD by the user.

Mechanical Integration

Attention should be paid to:
• Antenna cable integration (bending, length, position, etc)
• Pads of the AirPrime WP8548 to be soldered to the ground plane
• Ensuring proper board layout
• Providing sufficient space around the module for heat dissipation
Rev 2 Feb.16 17 Specifications subject to change
Hardware Integration Guide
0
0
0
0
10nF
0
100nF
10
C3
C2
C1
9
C7
C6
C5
GND VPP I/O
SW_A
VCC
RST CLK
SW_B
DNI
DNI
DNI
VGPIO_1V8
UIM_RESET_N
UIM_DATA
UIM_CLK
UIM_VCC
UIM1_DET
UIM1
DNI
SIM2070-6-0-30-00-A
ESD suppressor
Note: Example ESD and SIM connector part numbers listed. Comparable parts may be used instead. Note: Capacitor on UIM_CLK is intended to slow down the clock signal in case of crosstalk.
DNI
DNI
Example ESD suppressor:
STMicroelectronics
DALC208SC6
+
uClamp 3301P
1
2
3 4 6
5
Important: SIM connector must have a ‘Normally closed’ detection switch.

Signal Reference Schematics

Figure 4-2: UIM Interface
Figure 4-3: USB Interface
Specifications subject to change 18 4118723
Routing Constraints and Recommendations
2
1
5
3
4
6
6
4
2
5
7
1
3
51K
5%
51K
5%
51K
5%
470
1%
NC1 VCC
NC2 GND
AY
VCC_1V8
VCC_5V0
USB_ID
DNI
VCC_1V8
10µF
USB_VBUS
VIN VOUT FLAGB ISET
ON
GND1 GND2
Replace with FPF2163 if Autorestart is required
FPF2164
Figure 4-4: USB OTG Interface
Rev 2 Feb.16 19 Specifications subject to change
Hardware Integration Guide
Specifications subject to change 20 4118723

5: Regulatory Compliance and Industry Certifications

Important Notice

Safety and Hazards

Do not operate your AirPrime WP8548 Embedded Module:
• In areas where blasting is in progress
• Where explosive atmospheres may be present including refueling points, fuel
depots, and chemical plants
• Near medical equipment, life support equipment, or any equipment which may be susceptible to any form of radio interference.
5
In such areas, the AirPrime WP8548 modem MUST BE POWERED OFF.
Otherwise, the AirPrime WP8548 modem can transmit signals that could interfere with this equipment.
In an aircraft, the AirPrime WP8548 modem MUST BE POWERED OFF.
Otherwise, the AirPrime WP8548 modem can transmit signals that could interfere with various onboard systems and may be dangerous to the operation of the aircraft or disrupt the cellular network. Use of a cellular phone in an aircraft is illegal in some jurisdictions. Failure to observe this instruction may lead to suspension or denial of cellular telephone services to the offender, or legal action or both.
Some airlines may permit the use of cellular phones while the aircraft is on the ground and the door is open. The AirPrime WP8548 modem may be used normally at this time.
Rev 2 Feb.16 21 Specifications subject to change
Hardware Integration Guide

Important Compliance Information for North American Users

The AirPrime WP8548 module has been granted modular approval for mobile applications. Integrators may use the AirPrime WP8548 module in their end products without additional FCC the following conditions. Otherwise, additional FCC obtained.
1. The end product must use the RF trace design approved with the AirPrime
2. At least 20 cm separation distance between the antenna and the user’s body
3. To comply with FCC / IC regulations limiting both maximum RF output power
/ IC (Industry Canada) certification if they meet
/ IC approvals must be
WP8548 module. The Gerber file of the trace design can be obtained from Sierra Wireless upon request.
must be maintained at all times.
and human exposure to RF radiation, the maximum antenna gain including cable loss in a mobile-only exposure condition must not exceed:
Note: Gain values are preliminary and subject to change.
Table 5-1: WP8548 Collocated configuration specifications
Device Technology Band
AirPrime WP8548
Collocated transmitters
1
· 4.0 dBi in Cellular band
· 3.0 dBi in PCS band
4. The AirPrime WP8548 module may transmit simultaneously with other collo-
cated radio transmitters within a host device, provided the following conditions are met:
· Each collocated radio transmitter has been certified by FCC / IC for mobile
application.
· At least 20 cm separation distance between the antennas of the collocated
transmitters and the user’s body must be maintained at all times.
· The output power and antenna gain in a collocated configuration must not
exceed the limits and configurations stipulated in the following table.
Antenna Gain Limits (dBi) Maximum
Frequency
(MHz)
UMTS 2 1850–1910 3 3
5 824–849 4 3
GPRS/EDGE 850 824–849 4 3
1900 1850–1910 3 3
WLAN 2.4 GHz 2400–2500 27
5 GHz 5150–5850 27
conducted
power (dBm)Standalone Collocated
WiMAX 2300–2400 27
2500–2700 27 3300–3800 27
BT 2400–2500 20
1. Valid collocated transmitter combinations: WLAN+BT; WiMAX+BT. (WLAN+WiMAX+BT is not permitted.)
Specifications subject to change 22 4118723
Regulatory Compliance and Industry Certifications
5. A label must be affixed to the outside of the end product into which the AirPrime WP8548 module is incorporated, with a statement similar to the following:
· This device contains FCC ID: N7NWP8 / IC:2417C-WP8.
6. A user manual with the end product must clearly indicate the operating
requirements and conditions that must be observed to ensure compliance with current FCC
/ IC RF exposure guidelines.
The end product with an embedded AirPrime WP8548 module may also need to pass the FCC Part 15 unintentional emission testing requirements and be properly authorized per FCC Part 15.
Note: If this module is intended for use in a portable device, you are responsible for separate approval to satisfy the SAR requirements of FCC Part 2.1093 and IC RSS-102.
Rev 2 Feb.16 23 Specifications subject to change
Hardware Integration Guide
Specifications subject to change 24 4118723
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