Shindaiwa C242-EVC, 89302 User Manual
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Español ..............SP_1
Français ............ FR_1
SHINDAIWA OWNER’S/OPERATOR’S MANUAL
C242/EVC
BRUSHCUTTER
WARNING!
Always wear eye protection when operating
this machine. To minimize the risk of injury, read this
manual and familiarize yourself with its contents.
Part Number 89302 Rev. 6/09
Introduction
The Shindaiwa 242 series is designed and
built to deliver superior performance and
reliability without compromise to quality,
comfort, safety or durability.
Shindaiwa engines represent the leading
edge of high-performance engine
technology, delivering exceptionally high
power with remarkably low displacement
and weight. As an owner/operator, you’ll
soon discover for yourself why Shindaiwa
is simply in a class by itself!
IMPORTANT!
The information contained in these instructions describes units available at the time
of publication.
Shindaiwa Inc. reserves the right to make
changes to products without prior notice,
and without obligation to make alterations
to units previously manufactured.
WARNING!
The engine exhaust from this
product contains chemicals known to
the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm.
Contents
Safety...........................................................3
Product Description................................... 5
Specifications.............................................. 5
Assembly.....................................................6
Mixing fuel..................................................9
PAGE PAGEPAGE
Filling the fuel tank....................................9
Starting the Engine .................................10
Stopping the Engine ................................11
Adjusting Engine Idle..............................11
Checking Unit Condition.........................11
Operation ..................................................12
Maintenance.............................................14
Long Term Storage..................................17
Troubleshooting Guide ...........................18
Warranty Statement ................................21
IMPORTANT!
The operational procedures described in this manual are intended to help you get the most from this unit as well as to protect you and
others from harm. These procedures are guidelines for safe operation under most conditions, and are not intended to replace any safety
rules and/or laws that may be in force in your area. If you have questions regarding your unit, or if you do not understand something in
this manual, contact your local authorized Shindaiwa dealer. You may also contact Shindaiwa Inc. at the address printed on the back of
this Manual.
Attention Statements
Throughout this manual are special “attention statements”.
DANGER!
A statement preceded by the
triangular attention symbol and the
word “DANGER” contains information
that should be acted upon to prevent
serious injury or death.
triangular attention symbol and the
word “WARNING” contains information that should be acted upon to prevent serious bodily injury.
A statement preceded by the word
“IMPORTANT” is one that possesses special significance.
WARNING!
A statement preceded by the
IMPORTANT!
CAUTION!
A statement preceded by the word
“CAUTION” contains information
that should be acted upon to prevent
mechanical damage.
NOTE:
A statement preceded by the word “NOTE”
contains information that is handy to know
and may make your job easier.
Warning and Operational Labels
Read and follow this operator's
manual. Failure to do so could
result in serious injury..
Wear eye and hearing protection at all times during operation of this unit. Wear head
protection where there is a risk
of falling objects.
Make sure no one is
50 FEET
within 15 M / 50 feet of
)
(15m
an operating machine.
2
Beware of thrown or
richocheted objects
DO NOT operate this unit with a
blade unless the unit is equipped
with a Shindawia-approved
handlebar or barrier.
Always wear a harness when
operating this unit with a blade.
A harness is also recommended
when using trimmer line.
If unit is used as a brushcutter,
beware of blade thrust. A
jammed blade can cause the unit
to jerk suddenly and may cause
the operator to lose control of
the unit.
Safety
Work Safely
Trimmers and brushcutters operate at
very high speeds and can do serious damage or injury if they are misused or abused.
Never allow a person without training or
instruction to operate this unit!
ALWAYS inspect unit before each use.
Replace any damaged parts.
NEVER run the engine when transporting the unit.
NEVER run the engine indoors! Make
sure there is always good ventilation.
Fumes from engine exhaust can cause
serious injury or death.
ALWAYS stop the unit immediately if
it suddenly begins to vibrate or shake.
Inspect for broken, missing or improperly
installed parts or attachments.
WARNING!
Never make unauthorized
attachment installations.
Stay Alert
You must be physically and mentally fit to
operate this unit safely.
WARNING!
Use Good Judgment
NEVER extend trimming line beyond the
OHQJWKVSHFL¿HGIRU\RXUXQLW
ALWAYS keep the unit as clean as practical. Keep it free of loose vegetation,
mud, etc.
ALWAYS KROGWKHXQLW¿UPO\ZLWKERWK
hands when cutting or trimming, and
maintain control at all times.
ALWAYS use the proper cutting tool for
the job.
WARNING!
Never operate
power equipment of any kind
if you are tired or if you are under the
LQÀXHQFHRIDOFRKROGUXJVPHGLFDtion or any other substance that could
affect your ability or judgement.
ALWAYS keep the handles clean.
ALWAYS disconnect the spark plug wire
before performing any maintenance
work.
ALWAYS , if a saw blade should bind fast
in a cut, shut off the engine immediately.
Push the branch or tree to ease the bind
and free the blade.
Safety Labels
IMPORTANT!
Safety and Operation Information Labels: Make sure all
information labels are undamaged and readable. Immediately replace damaged or missing information labels.
New labels are available from your local authorized
Shindaiwa dealer.
3
Safety (continued)
The Properly Equipped Operator
Wear hearing protection devices and a
broad-brimmed hat or helmet. A helmet
is required when using a blade-equipped
brushcutter to clear small trees.
Prolonged exposure to excessive noise
is fatiguing and could lead to impaired
hearing.
:HDUFORVH¿WWLQJFORWKLQJWR
protect legs and arms. Gloves
offer added protection and are
strongly recommended. Do not
wear clothing or jewelry that
could get caught in machinery
or underbrush. Secure long hair
so that it is above shoulder level.
NEVER wear shorts!
Long-term exposure to vibration
can damage your hands.
Keep a proper footing and do not
overreach. Maintain your balance at all
times during operation.
Wear appropriate footwear (non-skid
boots or shoes): do not wear opentoed shoes or sandals. Never work
barefooted!
Always wear eye protection such as
goggles or safety glasses to shield
against thrown objects.
Always wear a harness when operating the unit .
It adds comfort and helps ensure safety by limiting
movement fore and aft. When the harness is
adjusted properly, the unit should balance with the
cutting attachment parallel to the ground.
Always operate with both hands
¿UPO\JULSSLQJWKHXQLW
When operating with a blade, make sure
the handle is positioned to provide you with
maximum protection from contacting the
blade. Always make sure the handlebar
is installed in accordance with the
manufacturers instructions.
Always make sure the
appropriate cutting attachment
shield is correctly installed and
in good condition. Do not
operate the unit if the
cutting attachment shield
is missing, loose, or
broken.
Keep away from the rotating
trimmer line or blade at all
times, and never lift a moving
attachment above waist-high.
Be Aware of the Working Environment
Avoid long-term
operation in very hot
or very cold weather.
Be extremely careful
of slippery terrain,
especially during rainy
weather.
Be constantly alert for
objects and debris that
could be thrown either
from the rotating cutting
attachment or bounced
from a hard surface.
If contact is made with a hard object,
stop the engine and inspect the cutting
Make sure
bystanders
or observers
outside the
15 meter (50
feet) “danger
zone” wear eye
protection.
15 METERS
(50 FEET)
Always make sure
the appropriate
cutting attachment
shield is correctly
installed.
attachment for damage.
Reduce the risk of bystanders being
VWUXFNE\À\LQJGHEULV0DNHVXUHQR
one is within 15 meters (50 feet)—
that’s about 16 paces of an operating
attachment. Stop immediately if a child,
pet, or person comes within a 15 meter
(50 feet)radius. Outside this radius,
there is still a risk of injury from thrown
objects.
Do not operate the unit
if the cutting attachment
shield is missing, loose,
or broken.
Beware of a coasting
blade when brushcutting or
edging. A coasting blade
can injure while it continues
to spin after the throttle
trigger is released or after
the engine is stopped.
ALWAYS clear your work area of trash
or hidden debris that could be thrown
back at you or toward a bystander.
When operating in rocky terrain or
near electric wires or fences, use
extreme caution to avoid contacting
such items with the cutting attachment.
4
Product Description
Using the illustration as a guide,
familiarize yourself with your
machine and its various components. Understanding your
machine helps ensure top performance, long service life and safer
C242
Ignition
Throttle
Throttle
interlock
0XIÀHU
Strap
Hanger
operation.
Outer tube
Handlebar
Gearcase
Cutting attachment
shield
WARNING!
Do not make unauthorized
PRGL¿FDWLRQVRUDOWHUDWLRQVWRDQ\RI
Brushcutter
blade
these units or their components.
6SHFLÀFDWLRQV
Engine model SF242E
Dry weight (less attachment) 5.7 kg / 12.6 lb
Engine type 2-cycle catalyst
Bore x stroke 33 x 28 mm / 1.3 x 1.1 in.
Displacement 23.9 cc / 1.5 cu. in.
Maximum power 1.0 HP/0.8 kW @ 8000 min
Recommended idle speed 3,000 (±250) min
Fuel/oil ratio 50:1 with ISO-L-EGD or JASO FC class 2-cycle mixing oil*
Carburetor type Walbro WYK, diaphragm-type
Fuel tank capacity 670 mL / 22.3 oz
Ignition One-piece electronic, transistor contolled
Spark plug NGK BPMR6A
Electrode Gap 0.6 - 0.7 mm / .024 -.028 in.
Torque 170 - 190 kg cm / 16.7 - 18.6 N∙m
Air cleaner type Foam, non reversible
Starting method Recoil
Stopping method Slide switch
Transmission type Automatic, centrifugal clutch w/bevel gear
Handle Type Bicycle type
EPA Emission Compliance Period** Category A
-1
(rpm)
-1
(rpm)
Spark plug
Fuel tank
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
** The EPA emission compliance referred to on the emission compliance label located on the engine, indicates the number of operating
hours for which the engine has been shown to meet Federal emission requirements. Category C = 50 hours (Moderate), B = 125 hours
(Intermediate) and A = 300 hours (Extended).
* The NGK BPMR6A also meets the requirements for electro magnetic compliance (EMC).
5
Assembly
This unit comes fully assembled with the
exception of the handlebar, cutting attachment shield and cutting attachment.
IMPORTANT!
The terms “left”, “left-hand”, and “LH”;
“right”, “right-hand”, and “RH”; “front”
and “rear” refer to directions as viewed by
the operator during normal operation.
Handlebar
Install the handlebar:
Use the 4 mm hex wrench to remove 1.
the lower cap retaining screws from
the handlebar bracket. Remove the cap
from the bracket, and note the position
of the two spacers installed between the
bracket halves.
Position the handle on the outer tube 2.
forward of Handle Positioning Label as
shown. Reassemble the lower cap to the
handlebar bracket in the reverse order
of disassembly.
Locate the handle in the best position 3.
for operator comfort.
Firmly tighten both lower cap retaining 4.
screws.
Prior to Assembly
Before assembling, make sure you
have all the components required for a
complete unit and inspect unit and components for any damage.
Ŷ
Engine/Outer tube assembly
Handlebar and Throttle assemblyŶ
Cutting attachment shieldŶ
Cutting attachmentŶ
Handlebar
Outer Tube
Strap
Ŷ
Kit containing cutting attachment shield
mounting bracket and hardware, this
owner’s/operator’s manual and tool
kit for routine maintenance. Tool kits
vary by model and may include a hex
wrench, and a spark plug/screwdriver
combination wrench.
Hanger
Handle Positioning Label
Adjust throttle lever free play
The throttle lever free play should be
approximately 4-6 mm. Make sure that
the throttle lever operates smoothly
without binding. If it becomes necessary
to adjust the lever free play, follow the
procedures and illustrations that follow.
Loosen the air cleaner cover knob and 1.
remove the air cleaner cover.
Loosen the lock nut on the cable 2.
adjuster.
Turn the cable adjuster in or out as 3.
required to obtain proper free play.
Tighten the locknut.4.
Reinstall the air cleaner cover.5.
Lower Cap
Retaining Screws
Mounting the brushcutter handlebar
4-6 mm
Throttle lever free play
Cable
Adjuster
Lock
Nut
Lower cap
Remove air cleaner cover
Adjust as required to obtail 4-6 mm free play
6
Assembly (continued)
Cutting Attachment Shield
Insert the cutting attachment shield 1.
between the outer tube and the cutting
attachment mounting plate.
NOTE:
It may be necessary to loosen the retaining nut and clamp screw to adjust cutting
attachment shield mounting plate.
Fit the two spacers and the bracket 2.
over the outer tube and loosely install
the four socket-head screws.
Tighten the four socket-head cap 3.
screws to secure the cutting attachment
shield.
CAUTION!
Make sure the clamp screw and
retaining nut are securely tightened
before tightening the four socket-head
cap screws.
Socket-Head
Cap Screws
Spacer
Retaining
Cutting attachment shield assembly
Nut
Bracket
Spacer
Mounting Plate
Sub-Shield (when trimmer head is in use)
Attach the shield extension to the cut-1.
ting attachment shield.
Cutting Attachment Shield
Outer Tube
Cutting Attachment
Shield w/subshield
WARNING!
NEVER operate the unit
without the cutting attachment shield
installed and tightly secured!
Installing a Trimmer Head
NOTE:
This unit is shipped with Holder A, Holder
B, shaft bolt, and bolt guard installed.
The shaft bolt is a LEFT-HAND thread.
Remove it by turning CLOCKWISE!
With the gearcase output shaft facing 1.
up, rotate the gearshaft and Holder A
until the hole in Holder A aligns with
the matching hole in the gearcase
flange, and then lock the holder to the
gearcase by inserting the long end of
the hex wrench through both holes.
Using the combination spark plug/2.
screwdriver wrench, remove the shaft
bolt, bolt guard and Holder B. (The bolt
guard and shaft bolt are not used with a
trimmer head).
Install Holder B on the gearcase shaft. 3.
The splined hole on Holder B must
engage with the gearcase shaft.
WARNING!
NEVER use this machine
without sub-shield when using a trimmer head.
CAUTION!
Make sure the sub-shield is completely
hooked at the hook receiver.
Shaft Bolt
Bolt Guard
Holder B
Gear Shaft
Holder A
Using the hex wrench to secure Holder 4.
A, install and hand-tighten the trimmer
head (counter-clockwise to install).
Remove the hex wrench from the 5.
gearcase and holder.
Hook Receiver
Sub-shield
Attach the shield extension to the cutting
attachment shield
Hand-tighten Trimmer Head (counter-
clockwise to install)
Hook
Hex Wrench
This unit is now completely
assembled and ready to use as a
trimmer.
7
Assembly (continued)
Installing Brushcutter Blade
WARNING!
Do not attach any blade to
a unit without proper installation of
all required parts. Failure to use the
proper parts can cause the blade to
À\RIIDQGVHULRXVO\LQMXUHWKHRSHUDWRU
and/or bystanders.
Turn the unit upside down so the gear 1.
case output shaft is facing UP and
remove the shaft bolt, bolt guard and
holder B from the gear case shaft.
Align the hole in blade holder A with 2.
the matching hole in the gear case
flange and then temporarily lock the
output shaft by inserting a hex wrench
through both holes.
Fit the blade over the flange on holder A.3.
WARNING!
7KHEODGHPXVW¿WÀDWDJDLQVW
WKHKROGHUÀDQJH7KHEODGHPRXQWLQJ
hole must be centered over the raised
boss on blade Holder A.
CAUTION!
Install the blade so its printed surface
is visible to the operator when the
brushcutter is in the normal operating
position.
IMPORTANT!
Discard blades that are bent, warped,
cracked, broken or damaged in any way.
Use a sharp blade. A dull blade is more
likely to snag and thrust.
Shaft Bolt
Bolt Guard
Holder B
Gear Shaft
Holder A
Hex wrench
Temporarily lock the output shaft by
inserting a hex wrench through both holes
Install blade holder B on the output 4.
shaft.
WARNING!
+ROGHU%PXVW¿WÀXVKDJDLQVW
the blade and the splines engaged to
the output shaft.
Install the bolt guard and then the blade 5.
retaining bolt. Using the combination
spark plug wrench/screwdriver, tighten
the bolt firmly in a counter-clockwise
direction.
Remove the hex wrench.6.
The unit should now be complete-
ly assembled and ready for use
with a blade.
Output
Shaft
Blade Holder B
Install blade holder B on the output shaft.
Tighten the assembly
(blade not shown for
clarity)
Hex Wrench
Using the combination spark plug wrench/
VFUHZGULYHUWLJKWHQWKHEROW¿UPO\LQD
counter-clockwise direction.
Blade
8
Mixing fuel
CAUTION
Never use any type of gasoline containing more than 10% alcohol by volume!
Some types of gasoline contain alcohol
as an oxygenate. Oxygenated gasoline may cause increased operating
temperatures. Under certain conditions, alcohol-based gasoline may also
reduce the lubricating qualities of some
2-cycle mixing oils.
Generic oils and some outboard
oils should never be used in your
Shindaiwa engine.
CAUTION
This engine is designed to operate on
a 50:1 mixture consisting of unleaded
gasoline and ISO-L-EGD or JASO FD
class 2-cycle mixing oil only. Use of
non-approved mixing oils can lead to
excessive carbon deposits.
Use only fresh, clean unleaded gasoline Ŷ
with a pump octane of 87 or higher.
Mix all fuel with a 2-cycle air-cooled
Ŷ
mixing oil that meets or exceeds ISO-LEGD and/or JASO FD classified oils at
50:1 gasoline/oil ratio.
CAUTION!
Mix and pour fuel outdoors where there
DUHQRVSDUNVDQGÀDPHV
Examples of 50:1 mixing quantities
U.S. METRIC
Gasoline
US Gallons Fl.oz. Liter cc.
1 2.6 4 80
2 5.2 8 160
5 13 20 400
10 25.6 30 600
20 51.2 50 1000
50 128 100 2000
Mix only enough fuel for your immediate
needs! If fuel must be stored longer than 30
days and
used, it should first be treated with a fuel
stabilizer such as STA-BIL™.
fied oil and also meets or exceeds ISO-L-EGD
performance requirements. Shindaiwa One is
recommended for use in all Shindaiwa low emissions engines. Shindaiwa One also includes a
fuel stabilizer.
2-cycle
mixing oil
IMPORTANT!
oil with fuel stabilizer is not
Oil is a registered JASO FD classi-
Gasoline
2-cycle
mixing oil
Filling the fuel tank
WARNING!
Minimize the Risk of Fire
NEVERŶ VPRNHRUOLJKW¿UHVQHDUWKH
engine.
Ŷ stop the engine and allow
ALWAYS
it to cool before refueling.
ALWAYS
Ŷ Wipe all spilled fuel and
move at least 3 meters (10 feet)
from the fueling point and source
before starting.
NEVER
Ŷ SODFHÀDPPDEOHPDWHULDO
FORVHWRWKHHQJLQHPXIÀHU
Ŷ operate the engine with-
NEVER
RXWWKHPXIÀHUDQGVSDUNDUUHVWHU
screen in place and in good working condition.
FUEL IS HIGHLY FLAMMABLE.
Ŷ
ALWAYS Ŷ store gasoline in a con-
WDLQHUDSSURYHGIRUÀDPPDEOH
liquids.
ALWAYSŶ inspect the unit for fuel
leaks before each use. During each
UH¿OOFKHFNWKDWQRIXHOOHDNVIURP
around the fuel cap and/or fuel tank.
If fuel leaks are evident, stop using
the unit immediately. Fuel leaks must
be repaired before using the unit.
ALWAYSŶ move the unit at least 3
meters (10 feet) away from a fuel
VWRUDJHDUHDRURWKHUUHDGLO\ÀDPmable materials before starting
the engine.
Place the unit on a flat, level surface.1.
Clear any dirt or other debris from 2.
around the fuel filler cap.
CAUTION!
Slowly remove the fuel cap only after
stopping the engine
Remove the fuel cap, and fill the tank 3.
with clean, fresh fuel.
Reinstall the fuel filler cap and tighten 4.
firmly.
Wipe away any spilled fuel before start-5.
ing engine.
9
Starting the Engine
IMPORTANT!
Engine ignition is controlled by a two position switch mounted on the throttle housing labeled, “I” for ON or START and “O” for OFF or STOP.
WARNING!
Never start the engine from
the operating position.
Slide the ignition switch to the “I” 1.
position.
Press the primer bulb until fuel can 2.
be seen flowing in the transparent
return tube.
IMPORTANT!
The primer system only pushes fuel
through the carburetor. Repeatedly pressing the primer bulb will not flood the
engine with fuel.
Set the choke lever to the CLOSED 3.
position if engine is cold.
While holding the outer tube firmly 4.
with left hand. Use your other hand
to slowly pull the recoil starter handle
until resistance is felt, then pull quickly
to start the engine.
CAUTION!
Do not pull the recoil starter to the
end of the rope travel. Pulling the
recoil starter to the end of the rope
travel can damage the starter.
When the engine starts, slowly move 5.
the choke lever to the “OPEN” position. If the engine stops after the initial
start, close the choke and restart.
Ignition
switch
ON
Throttle lever
Slide ignition to ON
Closed
Set the choke lever to the CLOSED position
WARNING!
The cutting attachment may
move when the engine is started!
Keep your hands and your body away
from the cutter assembly while starting the engine!
IMPORTANT!
If the engine fails to start after several
attempts with the choke in the closed
position, the engine may be flooded with
fuel. If flooding is suspected, refer to the
“Starting a Flooded Engine” section of
this manual.
Primer
bulb
Press the primer bulb
...and pull recoil
starter handle
upward
When the engine starts, slowly move the
choke lever to the “OPEN” position
Return tube
Hold
the unit
¿UPO\
Make sure the
attachment is clear
of obstructions!
Open
When the Engine Starts...
After the engine starts, allow the Ŷ
engine to warm up at idle 2 or 3 minutes before operating the unit.
After the engine is warm, pick up the
Ŷ
unit and clip on the shoulder strap, if
so equipped.
10
Advancing the throttle makes the cutting
Ŷ
attachment move faster; releasing the
throttle permits the attachment to stop
moving. If the cutting attachment con-
tinues to move when the engine returns
to idle, carburetor idle speed should be
adjusted (see “Adjusting Engine Idle”.).
Starting the Engine (continued)
Starting A Flooded Engine
Disconnect the spark plug lead and use 1.
the spark plug wrench to remove the
spark plug (turn counter clockwise to
remove).
Slide the ignition switch to the “O” 2.
(STOP) position.
Ŷ
If the spark plug is fouled or
soaked with fuel, clean the plug as
necessary.
Stopping the Engine
Idle the engine briefly before stopping 1.
(about 2 minutes).
Slide the ignition switch to the “O” 2.
(Engine OFF) position.
Adjusting Engine Idle
The engine must return to idle speed
whenever the throttle lever is released.
Idle speed is adjustable, and must be set
low enough to permit the engine clutch to
disengage the cutting attachment.
WARNING!
The cutting attachment must
NEVER rotate at engine idle! If the
idle speed cannot be adjusted by the
procedure described here, return the
trimmer to your Shindaiwa dealer for
inspection.
Open the choke and fully depress the 3.
throttle lever with your left hand, then
pull the starter handle rapidly with your
right hand to clear excess fuel from the
combustion chamber.
Replace the spark plug and tighten it 4.
firmly with the spark plug wrench. If a
torque wrench is available, torque the
spark plug to the values recommended
in the “Specifications” section.
Ignition
switch
OFF
Idle Speed Adjustment
Place the unit on the ground, then start 1.
the engine, and then allow it to idle 2-3
minutes until warm.
If the attachment rotates when the 2.
engine is at idle, reduce the idle speed
by turning the idle adjustment screw
counter-clockwise.
If a tachometer is available, adjust idle. 3.
Check Specifications page for correct
idle speed
NOTE
Carburetor fuel mixture adjustments are
preset at factory and cannot be serviced
LQWKH¿HOG
Repeat the starting procedure for a 5.
warm engine.
If the engine still fails to start, refer to 6.
the troubleshooting section near the
end of this manual.
IMPORTANT
When the unit is turned off make sure the
cutting attachment has stopped before the
unit is set down.
Idle
adjustment
screw
Adjusting
engine idle
Checking Unit Condition
NEVER operate the unit with the cutting attachment shield or other protective devices removed!
Use only authorized Shindaiwa parts and
accessories with your Shindaiwa trimmer.
Do not make modifications to this unit without written approval from Shindaiwa, Inc.
ALWAYS make sure the cutting attachment is properly installed and firmly
tightened before operation.
NEVER use a cracked or warped
cutting attachment: replace it with a
serviceable one.
ALWAYS make sure the cutting attachment fits properly into the appropriate
attachment holder. If a properly installed
attachment vibrates, replace the attachment with new one and re-check.
ALWAYS stop the engine immediately
and check for damage if you strike a
foreign object or if the unit becomes
tangled. Do not operate with broken or
damaged equipment.
NEVER allow the engine to run at high
RPM without a load. Doing so could damage the engine.
NEVER operate a unit with worn or damaged fasteners or attachment holders.
WARNING!
A cutting attachment shield or
other protective device is no guarantee
of protection against ricochet. YOU
MUST ALWAYS GUARD AGAINST
FLYING DEBRIS!
11
Operation
Shoulder strap
WARNING!
Always wear a shoulder strap
or harness when operating this unit.
Using a harness with a brushcutter
allows you to maintain proper control
of the unit and reduces fatigue during
extended operation.
IMPORTANT!
Adjust the shoulder strap so the shoulder pad rests comfortably on the off-side
shoulder and the cutting path of the cutting attachment is parallel to the ground.
Make sure all hooks and adjustment
devices are secure.
Shoulder strap
required for use
with Brushcutters
Hook the strap hook to the hanger on 1.
the outer tube.
Wear the shoulder strap so that the 2.
hook stays at your right hand side.
Adjust the length of the shoulder strap 3.
so that you can hold and operate the
machine comfortably.
Cutting grass with a trimmer head
Your Shindaiwa unit may be equipped with
one of several Shindaiwa trimmer head models, each with features for specific applications and/or operational requirements.
NOTE:
For proper operation, always refer to the
instructions accompanying the trimmer
head being used.
Trimmer head styles:
Semi-automatic. Trimmer line is indexed
when the operator taps the trimmer head
on the ground during operation.
Manual. The operator indexes line manually with the grass trimmer stopped.
Fixed. The operator must stop the unit
and add new lengths of trimmer line
manually.
Flail. This device, designed for clearing weeds and light brush, features
three nylon blades attached to the
head by pivots.
NOTE:
Additional hardware may be required to
mount the Fixed Line or the Flail type
trimmer heads.
NOTE:
Using a shoulder strap when operating
this unit with a blade allows you to maintain proper control of the unit and reduces
fatigue during extended operation.
Engine Operating Speeds
Operate at full throttle while cutting grass.
CAUTION!
Operation at low rpm can lead to premature clutch failure.
Trimming and Mowing Grass
Hold the grass trimmer so the trimmer head
is angled slightly into the area to be cut. To
ensure maximum trimmer-line service life, cut
only with the tip of the trimmer line. Cut grass
by swinging the unit's trimmer head from left
to right. Keep the trimmer head horizontal.
CAUTION!
Do not push the rotating line into trees,
wire fences or any material that could
tangle or break line ends.
CAUTION!
8VHRQO\ÀH[LEOHQRQPHWDOOLFOLQH
recommended by the manufacturer.
Never use, for example, wire or wirerope, which can break off and become
a dangerous projectile.
Cut from left to right
Cut
Return
WARNING!
Remove all objects such as
rocks, broken glass, nails, wire, or
string, which can be thrown or become
entangled in the cutting attachment.
CAUTION!
Operation of trimmer without a cutting
Ŷ
attachment shield and using excessive line length can lead to premature
clutch failure.
Operation at low rpm can lead to Ŷ
premature clutch failure.
Edging
Tilt the handle about 100° to the left (from
horizontal) and move forward, holding
the trimmer or brushcutter vertically as
shown.
12
Tilt the handle about
100° to the left
Operation (continued)
Using a blade
WARNING!
Before working with a blade-equipped Ŷ
unit, always inspect and clean the
area of objects that could interfere
with or damage the blade.
Never use a blade near sidewalks,
Ŷ
fence posts, buildings or other objects
that could cause injury or damage.
Never use a blade for purposes other
Ŷ
than those for which it was designed.
Blade Thrust
“Blade thrust” is a sudden sideways or backward motion of the brushcutter. Such motion
may occur when the blade jams or catches
on an object such as a sapling tree or tree
BE CONSTANTLY ALERT FOR
stump.
BLADE THRUST AND GUARD AGAINST
ITS EFFECTS!
WARNING!
Blade thrust can occur without
warning if the blade snags, stalls or
binds.
Whenever you strike a hard object
Ŷ
with a blade, always stop the
brushcutter and carefully inspect the
blade for damage. NEVER OPERATE THE BRUSHCUTTER WITH A
DAMAGED BLADE!
A blade-equipped unit must be
Ŷ
equipped with a bicycle-type handlebar or barrier bar as well as a harness or shoulder strap.
Always make sure the cutting attach-
Ŷ
ment shield is properly installed
before operating this unit.
WARNING!
Blade thrust is more likely to
RFFXULQDUHDVZKHUHLWLVGLI¿FXOWWR
see the material being cut.
Brushcutter Handlebar
A brushcutter handlebar or barrier bar
helps prevent the operator from moving
forward, or the unit moving rearward,
thus preventing inadvertent bodily contact
with the blade. ALWAYS KEEP THE HANDLEBAR OR BARRIER BAR SECURELY
IN PLACE ON THE UNIT!
Brushcutter Shoulder Strap
A shoulder strap provides additional protection against blade thrust. In addition, a
shoulder strap gives significant support and
comfort to help ensure safe and efficient
operation. When operating a unit with a
blade, make sure both the handle and shoulder strap are adjusted to the size of the operator using the unit.
Engine Operating Speeds
Operate the unit at full throttle while cutting.
Best fuel efficiency is obtained by releasing
the throttle when swinging back after a cut.
To prevent possible engine damage, do Ŷ
not allow the brushcutter to run at high
speeds without a load.
Avoid operating the engine at low speeds.
Ŷ
Doing so can lead to rapid clutch wear. In
addition, slow-speed operation tends to
cause grass and debris to wrap around
the cutting head.
Using a blade
The blade rotates counter-clockwise.
For best performance and to minimize
being stuck by debris, move the blade
from right to left while advancing on
your work. Position the blade so cuts are
made between the blade’s 8 o’clock and 10
o’clock positions (as viewed from above).
DO NOT cut between the 10 o’clock and 5
o’clock positions.
WARNING!
When cutting wood with a
blade, feed the blade slowly—never
strike or “slam” a spinning blade
against the wood.
WARNING!
DO NOT use 2-tooth or nonShindaiwa approved 4-tooth cutting
blades with Shindaiwa trimmers and
brushcutters.
Ten
O'clock
OK To Cut
D
Blade
Rotation
O
N
O
T
C
U
T
Eight
O'clock
Five
O'clock
Vertical Cuts
Hold the brushcutter with the blade at
a 90° angle to the ground so the blade’s
bottom edge rotates toward the operator. Move the blade from top to bottom
through the cut, and cut only with the bottom edge of the blade.
WARNING!
When making vertical cuts,
never allow the blade to exceed waist
height.
Cut on the left
side of the blade.
KEEP YOUR BODY
OUTSIDE THE
PATH OF BLADE
ROTATION
13
Maintenance
General maintenance
IMPORTANT!
MAINTENANCE, REPLACEMENT
OR REPAIR OF EMISSION CONTROL
DEVICES AND SYSTEMS MAY BE PERFORMED BY ANY REPAIR ESTABLISHMENT OR INDIVIDUAL; HOWEVER, WARRANTY REPAIRS MUST BE PERFORMED
BY A DEALER OR SERVICE CENTER
AUTHORIZED BY SHINDAIWA INC. THE
USE OF PARTS THAT ARE NOT EQUIVALENT IN PERFORMANCE AND DURABILITY TO AUTHORIZED PARTS MAY IMPAIR
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE EMISSION
CONTROL SYSTEM AND MAY HAVE A
BEARING ON THE OUTCOME OF A WARRANTY CLAIM.
WARNING!
Non-standard accessories,
cutting attachment, or replacement
parts may not operate properly with
your unit and may cause damage and
lead to personal injury.
NOTE:
Using non-standard replacement parts
could invalidate your Shindaiwa warranty.
WARNING!
Before performing any maintenance, repair, or cleaning work on
the unit, make sure the engine and
cutting attachment are completely
stopped. Disconnect the spark plug
wire before performing service or
maintenance.
0XIÁHU
This unit must never be operated with a
faulty or missing spark arrester or muffler. Make sure the muffler is well secured
and in good condition. A worn or damaged
muffler is a fire hazard and may also cause
hearing loss.
Spark Plug
Keep the spark plug and wire connections
tight and clean.
Fasteners
Make sure nuts, bolts, and screws (except
carburetor adjusting screws) are tight.
Blades
Keep blades sharp and check blade
condition frequently. If a blade’s performance changes suddenly, stop the
engine and check the blade for cracks or
other damage. Replace a damaged blade
IMMEDIATELY!
WARNING!
Ŷ
Never repair a damaged blade by
welding, straightening, or by modifying its shape. An altered blade may
break during operation, resulting in
serious personal injury.
DO NOT use 2-tooth or NON-Shin-
Ŷ
daiwa approved 4-tooth cutting
blades on Shindaiwa trimmers or
brushcutters.
Blades are not interchangeable
Ŷ
between Shindaiwa edgers and
trimmer/brushcutter models. Operating any unit with a blade or
attachment not approved for that
unit can be hazardous and may
cause serious injury.
Daily maintenance
Prior to each work day, perform the
following:
Remove all dirt and debris from the
Ŷ
engine, check the cooling fins and
air cleaner for clogging, and clean as
necessary.
Carefully remove any accumulations
Ŷ
of dirt or debris from the muffler and
fuel tank. Check cooling air intake
area at base of crankcase. Remove
all debris. Dirt build-up in these areas
can lead to engine overheating, fire,
or premature wear.
WARNING!
Always wear gloves when
working around the cutter assembly.
Lubricate the blades before use and
Ŷ
after refueling. Check the cutters for
damage or incorrect adjustment.
Clean any debris or dirt from the cut-
Ŷ
ting attachment.
Cooling
¿QV
Cooling
¿QV
5HPRYHDOOGLUWDQGGHEULVIURPWKHHQJLQHDQGFKHFNWKHFRROLQJ¿QV
Check for loose or missing screws or Ŷ
components. Make sure the cutter
attachment is securely fastened.
Check the entire unit for leaking fuel
Ŷ
or grease.
Ŷ
Make sure nuts, bolts, and screws
(except carburetor idle speed adjusting
screws) are tight.
Air
intake
14
Maintenance (continued)
10-hour maintenance
Perform more frequently in dusty or
dirty conditions.
Remove the air cleaner filter. Clean or
replace as necessary. To clean filter wash
it thoroughly in soap and water. Let it dry
before reinstalling the filter.
CAUTION!
Do not operate the unit if the air
FOHDQHURU¿OWHULVGDPDJHGRULIWKH¿Oter is wet or water soaked.
10/15 hour maintenance
Remove and clean or replace the spark plug.
Clean the spark plug. Adjust electrode
Ŷ
gap according to the values listed in the
”Specifications” section. If the spark plug
must be replaced, use only the type recommended in ”Specifications” or equivalent resistor type spark plug of the correct
heat range.
Unscrew
Fastener
Remove and clean or
replace the element
0.6–0.7 mm
(0.024–0.028 inch)
Air Filter
Element
CAUTION!
Before removing the spark plug, clean
the area around the plug to prevent
dirt and debris from getting into the
engine’s internal parts.
50 hour maintenance
Every 50 hours of operation; more
frequently in dusty conditions:
Ŷ
Remove and clean the cylinder cover
and clean dirt and debris from the cylinder cooling fins.
Gearcase lubrication
Remove and clean the cylinder cover
Ŷ
and clean grass and dirt from the cylinder fins.
Remove the cutting attachment, cut-
Ŷ
ting attachment holder and gearshaft
collar. Remove the filler plug from
the side of the gearcase and press
new grease into the gearcase until old
grease is pushed out. Use only lithium-base grease such as Shindaiwa
Gearcase Lubricant or equivalent.
Lubricate mainshaft splines.
Ŷ
Lubricate gearcase
New
grease
Gear shaft
collar
Clean the spark plug
and check the gap at
the electrode.
Old
grease
15
W
H
e
)
H
S
s
U
E
r
Spark Arrester
Screen
S
r
t
S
G
t
0XIÀHU
s
16
ntenan
ce
)
a
.
h
With a
a
w
g
With
the screen and clea
.
.
p
.
W
G!
h
g.
R
y
p
l
l
noted, the unit should be removed from ser
v
technician.
ce
e
e.
m
.
.
.
y.
FH
continued
hour maintenan
emove and replace the fuel filter element.
Before reinstalling the new filter element,
inspect the condition of all the fuel s
onents (fuel pick-up line, fuel return
com
stem
ine, tank vent line, tank vent, fuel cap and fue
tank). If damage, splitting or deterioration is
ice until it can be inspected or repaired by a
indaiwa-trained service
AUTION!
ake sure you do not pierce the fuel
with the end of the hooked wir
lin
he line is delicate and can be da
ged easily
IÁHUPDLQWHQDQ
Engine Cover
crew
ooked wir
XHO¿OWHUPDLQWHQDQF
)XHO¿OWHUHOHPHQ
ngine Cove
0XIÀHU&RYH
Every 135 hours of operation, remove
nd clean the muffler
ARNIN
ever operate the unit wit
GDPDJHRUPLVVLQJPXIÀHURUVSDUN
rrester! Operating with a missing or
DPDJHGVSDUNDUUHVWHULVD¿UHKD]DUG
nd could also damage your hearin
f the engine becomes sluggish and low on
ower, check and clean the spark arrester
reen
U*DVNHW
4mm hex wrench remove the
muffler cover and 3 engine cover
fler cover is attached to the engine
over at the top and front by tabs. To
remove push inward at arrow are
hile pulling outward. See insert
e.
ima
a Phillips type screwdriver
remove the 5 screws holding the
spark arrester screen and cover to the
muffler.
move
n it with a 4
iff bristle brush
Screw
aske
crews
park Arrester
Cove
Outle
move the 3 muffler bolts and the
muffler.
nspect the cylinder exhaust port for 6
ny carbon buildup.
face to dislodge any loose carbon
eassemble the spark arrester, muffler
nd engine cover in the reverse order
of disassembl
IMPORTANT!
f you note excessive carbon buildup, consult
an authorized Shindaiwa servicing dealer.
wit
Maintenance (continued)
Blade Sharpening
WARNING!
Wear protective gloves when
handling or performing maintenance
on the blade.
When the cutting edges of the blade
become dull, they can be resharpened with
a few strokes of a file. In order to keep the
blade in balance, all cutting edges must be
sharpened equally.
Shindaiwa Tornado™ Blade
Round
File
Multiple-tooth Circular Blade
Round
File
WARNING!
Sharpen only the cutting teeth
of a blade. DO NOT alter the contour
of the blade in any way.
Long Term Storage
Whenever the unit will not be used for 30
days or longer, use the following procedures to prepare it for storage:
Ŷ
Clean external parts thoroughly.
Drain all the fuel from the carburetor Ŷ
and the fuel tank.
IMPORTANT!
All stored fuels should be stabilized with a
fuel stabilizer such as STA-BIL, if
with fuel stabilizer is not used.
CAUTION!
Gasoline stored in the carburetor for
extended periods can cause hard starting, and could also lead to increased
service and maintenance costs.
oil
The top plate of each
tooth should angle
back 30°
Shindaiwa Tornado™ Blade
To sharpen the cutters on a Shindaiwa
Tornado™ Blade, use a 7/32-inch round
file. File the leading edge of each tooth to
a razor edge. The top plate of each tooth
should angle back 30°.
Remove remaining fuel from the fuel Ŷ
lines and carburetor with the fuel
drained from the fuel tank. To do so:
Prime the primer bulb until no more 1.
fuel is passing through.
Start and run the engine until it stops 2.
running.
Repeat steps 1 and 2 until the engine 3.
will no longer start.
Ŷ
Remove the spark plug and pour about
7 mL (1/4 oz.) of 2-cycle mixing oil into
the cylinder through the spark plug
hole. Slowly pull the recoil starter 2 or 3
times so oil will evenly coat the interior
of the engine. Reinstall the spark plug.
Maintain a radius of 0.04 to 1 to 1.5 mm (0.06”)
at the base of each tooth. Cutting edges must
be offset equally on each side
Multiple-tooth Circular Blade
Use a round file to maintain a radius of 0.04
to 1 to 1.5 mm (0.06”) at the base of each
tooth. Cutting edges must be offset equally
on each side.
Before storing the unit, repair or Ŷ
replace any worn or damaged parts.
Ŷ
Remove the air cleaner element from
the carburetor and clean it thoroughly
with soap and water, let dry and reassemble the element.
Store the unit in a clean, dust-free area.
Ŷ
17
Troubleshooting Guide
What To Check Possible Cause Remedy
ENGINE DOES NOT START
Does the engine crank?
YES
Good compression?
YES
Does the tank contain
fresh fuel of the proper
grade?
YES
Is fuel visible and
moving in the return
line when priming?
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
Faulty recoil starter.
Fluid in the crankcase.
Internal damage.
Loose spark plug.
Excess wear on cylinder, piston,
rings.
Fuel incorrect, stale, or contaminated;
mixture incorrect.
Check for clogged fuel filter
and/or vent.
Primer pump functioning
incorrectly.
Consult with an authorized
servicing dealer.
Tighten and re-test.
Consult with an authorized
servicing dealer.
Refill with fresh, clean unleaded gasoline
with a pump octane of 87 or higher mixed
with a 2-cycle mixing oil that meets or
exceeds ISO-L-EGD and/or JASO FD
classified oils at 50:1 gasoline/oil ratio.
Replace fuel filter or vent as required.
Restart.
Consult with an authorized
servicing dealer.
Is there spark at the spark
plug wire terminal?
YES
Check the spark plug.
NO
The ignition switch is in “O” (OFF)
position.
Shorted ignition ground.
Faulty ignition unit.
If the plug is wet, excess fuel may be
in the cylinder.
The plug is fouled or improperly
gapped.
The plug is damaged internally or of
the wrong size.
Move switch to “I” (ON) position
and restart.
Consult with an authorized
servicing dealer.
Crank the engine with the plug
removed, reinstall the plug, and restart.
Clean and regap the plug. Check the
“Specifications” section for the correct plug
electrode gap. Restart.
Replace the spark plug. Check the
“Specifications” section for the correct
plug for your unit. Restart.
18
Troubleshooting Guide (continued)
What To Check Possible Cause Remedy
LOW POWER
Is the engine
overheating?
Engine is rough at all
speeds. May also have
black smoke and/or
unburned fuel at the
exhaust.
Operator is overworking the unit.
Carburetor mixture is too lean.
Improper fuel ratio.
Fan, fan cover, cylinder fins dirty or
damaged
Carbon deposits on the piston or in the
muffler.
Clogged air cleaner element.
Loose or damaged spark plug.
Air leakage or clogged fuel line.
Water in the fuel.
Operate at slower rate.
Shorten trimmer line.
Consult with an authorized
servicing dealer.
Refill with fresh, clean unleaded gasoline with
a pump octane of 87 or higher mixed with a
2-cycle mixing oil that meets or exceeds ISOL-EGD and/or JASO FD classified oils at 50:1
gasoline/oil ratio.
Clean, repair or replace as necessary.
Consult with an authorized servicing
dealer
Clean or replace the air filter
Tighten or replace the spark plug.
Restart. Check the Specifications page
in this manual for the correct spark
plug for this unit.
Repair or replace fuel filter and/or
fuel line.
Refill with fresh fuel/oil mixture.
Engine is knocking.
Piston seizure.
Faulty carburetor and/or diaphragm
Overheating condition.
Improper fuel.
Carbon deposits in the combustion
chamber.
Consult with an authorized
servicing dealer.
Consult with an authorized
servicing dealer.
Check fuel octane rating; check for
presence of alcohol in the fuel. Refuel
as necessary.
Consult with an authorized
servicing dealer.
19
Troubleshooting Guide (continued)
ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS
What To Check Possible Cause Remedy
Poor acceleration.
Engine stops abruptly.
Engine difficult to shut
off.
Clogged air filter.
Clogged fuel filter.
Lean fuel/air mixture.
Idle speed set too low.
Switch turned off.
Fuel tank empty.
Clogged fuel filter.
Water in the fuel.
Shorted spark plug or loose terminal.
Ignition failure.
Piston seizure.
Ground (stop) wire is disconnected or
switch is defective
Overheating due to incorrect spark plug
Overheated engine.
Clean or replace the air filter.
Replace the fuel filter.
Consult with an authorized
servicing dealer.
Adjust idle. Check Specifications page
for correct idle speed.
Reset the switch and re-start.
Refuel. See Fuel section of manual.
Replace fuel filter.
Drain; replace with clean fuel. See Fuel
section of manual.
Clean or replace spark plug. Check
the Specifications page in this manual
for the proper spark plug for your unit.
Tighten the terminal.
Replace the ignition unit.
Consult with an authorized
servicing dealer
Test and replace as required.
Idle engine until cool. Replace the spark
plug. Check the Specifications page in this
manual for the proper spark plug for your
unit.
Idle engine until cool.
Cutting attachment moves
at engine idle.
Attachment will not move.
Excessive vibration.
Engine will not idle down.
Engine idle too high.
Broken clutch spring or worn clutch
spring boss.
Loose attachment holder.
Shaft not installed in powerhead or
gearcase.
Broken shaft.
Damaged gearcase.
Warped or damaged attachment.
Loose gearcase.
Bent main shaft/worn or damaged
bushings.
Trimmer line not wound properly on
spool.
Engine idle is set too high.
Engine has air leak.
Adjust idle. Check Specifications page
for correct idle speed.
Replace spring/shoes as required.
Inspect and re-tighten holders securely.
Inspect and reinstall as required.
Consult with a authorized
servicing dealer.
Inspect and replace attachment
as required.
Tighten gearcase securely.
Inspect and replace as necessary.
Rewind trimmer line.
Adjust idle. Check Specifications page
for correct idle speed.
Consult with a authorized
servicing dealer.
20
Emission System Warranty Statement
Your Warranty Rights and Obligations
The California Air Resources Board, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Shindaiwa Inc. are pleased
to explain the exhaust and evaporative emission control
system warranty on your new small off-road (non-road)
engine.
In California, new small off-road engines must be
designed, built, and equipped to meet the State’s stringent
anti-smog standards. In other states, new 1997 and later
non-road engines must meet the Federal EPA’s stringent
anti-smog standards.
Shindaiwa Inc. must warrant the emission control system on your small off-road engine for the periods of time
listed below, provided there has been no abuse, neglect,
or improper maintenance of your small off-road engine.
Your engine exhaust and evaporative emission control
system includes parts such as the carburetor, fuel tank,
the ignition system and, if equipped, the catalytic converter. These components are specifically listed below.
Where a warrantable condition exists, Shindaiwa Inc.
will repair your small off-road engine at no cost to you
including diagnosis, parts, and labor.
Manufacturer’s Warranty Coverage
When sold within the U.S., this engine’s emission control
system is warranted for a period of two (2) years from the
date this product is first delivered to the original retail
purchaser.
During the warranty period, Shindaiwa Inc. will, at their
option, repair or replace any defective emission-related
component on this engine. During the original Warranty
Period, these Warranty Rights are automatically transferable to subsequent owners of this product.
What is Covered by this Warranty
Carburetor Internal Components1.
Ŷ
Throttle Valve, Needle, Jet, Metering Diaphragm
Fuel Tank2.
Ignition System Components3.
Ŷ
Ignition Coil
Flywheel RotorŶ
Catalytic Converter (if originally equipped)4.
The emission control system for your particular
Shindaiwa engine may also include certain related hoses
and connectors.
Owners Warranty Responsibilities
As the small off-road engine owner, you are responsible
for the performance of the required maintenance listed in
this owners manual. Shindaiwa Inc. recommends that you
retain all receipts covering maintenance on your small
off-road engine, but Shindaiwa Inc. cannot deny warranty
solely for the lack of receipts or for your failure to ensure
the performance of all scheduled maintenance.
As the small off-road engine owner, you should be
aware, however, that Shindaiwa Inc. may deny you warranty coverage if your small off-road engine or a part has
failed due to abuse, neglect, improper maintenance, or
unapproved modifications.
You are responsible for presenting your small off-road
engine to an authorized Shindaiwa Dealer as soon as a
problem exists. The warranty repairs should be completed in a reasonable amount of time, not to exceed 30
days.
If you have any questions regarding your warranty rights
and responsibilities, you should contact a Shindaiwa customer service representative at (503) 692-3070 or your local
Shindaiwa Dealer.
Consequential Damages
In the event that other component parts of this product
are damaged by the failure of a warranted part, Shindaiwa
Inc. will repair or replace such component parts at no
charge to you.
What is Not Covered
Failures caused by abuse, neglect, or improper main-
Ŷ
tenance procedures.
Ŷ
Failures caused by the use of modified or nonapproved parts or attachments.
This Warranty is Administered by:
Shindaiwa Inc.
11975 S.W. Herman Rd.
Tualatin, OR 97062
(503) 692-3070
21
NOTES
NOTAs
REMARQUES
22
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