Sharp EL-W531, EL-W531G, EL-W531H, EL-W531HA, EL-W535 Owner Manual

PRINTED IN CHINA / IMPRIMÉ EN CHINE / IMPRESO EN CHINA

07BGK (TINSE1278EHZZ)

INTRODUCTION

Thank you for purchasing the SHARP Scientiﬁ c Calculator Model EL-W531/W531G/W531H/W531HA/W535. About the calculation examples (including some formulas

and tables), refer to the reverse side of this English manual. Refer to the number on the right of each title in the manual for use.

After reading this manual, store it in a convenient location for future reference. Notes:

• Some of the models described in this manual may not be available in some countries.

• This product uses a period as a decimal point.

Operational Notes

• Do not carry the calculator around in your back pocket, as it may break when you sit down. The display is made of glass and is particularly fragile.

• Keep the calculator away from extreme heat such as on a car dashboard or near a heater, and avoid exposing it to excessively humid or dusty environments.

• Since this product is not waterproof, do not use it or store it where ﬂ uids, for example water, can splash onto it. Raindrops, water spray, juice, coffee, steam, perspiration, etc. will also cause malfunction.

• Clean with a soft, dry cloth. Do not use solvents or a wet cloth.

• Do not drop it or apply excessive force.

• Never dispose of batteries in a ﬁ re.

• Keep batteries out of the reach of children.

• This product, including accessories, may change due to upgrading without prior notice.

NOTICE

• SHARP strongly recommends that separate permanent

written records be kept of all important data. Data may be lost or altered in virtually any electronic memory product under certain circumstances. Therefore, SHARP assumes no responsibility for data lost or otherwise rendered unusable whether as a result of improper use, repairs, defects, battery replacement, use after the speciﬁ ed battery life has expired, or any other cause.

• SHARP will not be liable nor responsible for any incidental

or consequential economic or property damage caused by misuse and/or malfunctions of this product and its peripherals, unless such liability is acknowledged by law.

♦ Press the RESET switch (on the back), with the tip of a

ball-point pen or similar object, only in the following cases. Do not use an object with a breakable or sharp tip. Note that pressing the RESET switch erases all data stored in memory.

• When using for the ﬁ rst time

• After replacing the battery

• To clear all memory contents

• When an abnormal condition occurs and all keys are

inoperative If service should be required on this calculator, use only a SHARP servicing dealer, SHARP approved service facility, or SHARP repair service where available.

Hard Case

Remove the hard case, holding it with your ﬁ ngers in the positions shown below.

DISPLAY

Dot matrix display

Symbol

Mantissa Exponent

• During actual use, not all symbols are displayed at the same time.

• Only the symbols required for the usage under instruction are shown in the display and calculation examples of this manual.

/ /

: Indicates that some contents are hidden in the

directions shown.

2ndF: Appears when @ is pressed, indicating that the

functions shown in orange are enabled.

HYP: Indicates that H has been pressed and the

hyperbolic functions are enabled. If @ > is pressed, the symbols “2ndF HYP” appear, indicating that inverse hyperbolic functions are enabled.

ALPHA: Indicates that ;, x or t has been pressed,

and entry (recall) of memory contents and recall of statistics can be performed.

DEG/RAD/GRAD: Indicates angular units. BUSY: Appears during the execution of a calculation. W-VIEW: Indicates that the WriteView editor is selected. M: Indicates that a numerical value is stored in the

independent memory (M).

ENG/SCI/FIX/N2/N1: Indicates the notation used to display a

value and changes by SET UP menu. N1 is displayed on-screen as “NORM1”, and N2 as “NORM2”.

BEFORE USING THE CALCULATOR

When using for the ﬁ rst time, press the RESET switch (on the back), with the tip of a ball-point pen or similar object.

Adjusting the Display Contrast

Press J 3, then + or & to adjust the contrast. Press j to exit.

Power On and Off

Press j to turn the calculator on. The data that was onscreen when the power was turned off will appear on the display. Press @ o to turn it off.

Key Notations Used in this Manual

In this manual, key operations are described as follows:

To specify ex:

@ "

To specify ln:

To specify E:

; E

• Functions that are printed in orange above the key require @ to be pressed ﬁ rst before the key. When you specify the memory, press ; ﬁ rst. Numbers for input values are not shown as keys, but as ordinary numbers.

• Functions that are printed in gray adjacent to the keys are effective in speciﬁ c modes.

The WriteView and Line Editors

This calculator has the following two editors in NORMAL mode: WriteView and Line. You can select between them in the SET UP menu.

The WriteView editor (default) The Line editor

Note: In certain calculation examples, where you see the o

symbol, the key operations and calculation results are shown as they would appear in the Line editor.

Clearing the Entry and Memories

Operation Entry

(Display)

A–F*1,

M, X, Y

D1–D4*2ANS STAT*

j ○××××

@ Z

○××○○

Mode selection (b) ○××× ×*

@ P 0*

○××××

@ P 1 0*

○○○○○

@ P 2 0*

○○○○○

RESET switch

○○○○○

○: Clear

: Retain

*1 Press j x and then choose a memory to clear one

variable memory. *2 Deﬁ nable memory. See “Memory Calculations”. *3 Statistical data (entered data) *4 See “Memory clear key”. *5 Cleared when changing between sub-modes in STAT mode.

Memory clear key

Press @ P to display the menu.

• To initialize the display settings, press 0. The parameters set as follows:

• Angular unit: DEG

• Display notation: NORM1

• N-base: DEC

• To clear all variables and memories (A−F, M, X, Y, D1−D4, ANS, and STAT) at once, press 1 0.

• To RESET the calculator, press 2 0. The RESET operation will erase all data stored in memory and restore the calculator’s default settings.

ENTERING, DISPLAYING, AND EDITING THE EQUATION

The WriteView Editor

Entry and display

In the WriteView editor, you can enter and display fractions or certain functions as you would write them. Notes:

• The WriteView editor can only be used in NORMAL mode.

• If the equation grows too large, it may extend off the edge of the display after you obtain the result. If you want to see the entire equation, press l or r to return to the editing screen.

Displaying calculation results

When possible, calculation results will be displayed using fractions, r, and

π. When you press U, the display will cycle

through the following display styles:

• Mixed fractions (with or without

π) 󱽔 improper fractions (with

or without

π) 󱽔 decimal numbers

• Proper fractions (with or without

π) 󱽔 decimal numbers

• Irrational numbers (square roots, fractions made using square roots) 󱽔 decimal numbers

Notes:

• In the following cases, calculation results may be displayed using r:

• Arithmetic operations and memory calculations

• Trigonometric calculations

• In trigonometric calculations, when entering values such as those in the table to the right, results may be shown using r.

• Calculation results may extend off the edges of the screen. You can see those parts by pressing l or r (depending on whether the left or right portion is hidden).

• Improper/proper fractions will be converted to and displayed as decimal numbers if the number of digits used in their expression is greater than nine. In the case of mixed fractions, the maximum number of displayable digits (including integers) is eight.

• If the number of digits in the denominator of a fractional result that uses

π is greater than three, the result is converted to and

displayed as a decimal number.

The Line Editor

Entry and display

In the Line editor, you can enter and display equations line by line. Notes:

• Up to three lines of text may be viewed on the screen at one time.

• If the length of the equation exceeds three lines, parts of it may be hidden from view after calculation. If you want to see the rest of the equation, press l or r to return to the editing screen.

• In the Line editor, calculation results are displayed in decimal form.

Editing the Equation

Just after obtaining an answer, pressing l brings you to the end of the equation and pressing r brings you to the beginning. Press l, r, u, or d to move the cursor. Press @ l or @ r to jump the cursor to the beginning or the end of the equation. In the WriteView editor, you can use u and d to move the cursor up and down—between the numerator and denominator, for example.

Back space and delete key

To delete a number or function, move the cursor to the right of it, then press N. You can also delete a number or function that the cursor is directly over by pressing @ y.

Multi-line Playback Function

This calculator is equipped with a function to recall previous equations and answers in NORMAL mode. A maximum of 340 characters can be stored in memory. When the memory is full, stored equations will be deleted to make room, starting with the oldest. Pressing u will display the previous equation. Further pressing u will display preceding equations (after returning to the previous equation, press d to view equations in order). In addition, @ u can be used to jump to the oldest equation, and @ d to jump to the newest one.

• To edit an equation after recalling it, press l or r.

• The multi-line memory will be cleared by the following operations: @ Z , mode change, RESET, N-base conversion, angular unit conversion, editor change (J 2 0 or J 2 1), and memory clear (@ P 1 0).

• Equations that have one result require an additional eleven characters’ worth of memory to store in order to hold the result.

• In addition to the amount of memory needed to store an equation, the WriteView editor will require a certain amount for the sake of display.

• Equations also include calculation ending instructions, such as “

=”.

Priority Levels in Calculation

This calculator performs operations according to the following priority: ① Fractions (1

4, etc.) ② Functions preceded by their argument

(

−

, x2, n!, etc.) ③ yx, xr ④ Implied multiplication of a memory value (2Y, etc.) ⑤ Functions followed by their argument (sin, cos, etc.) ⑥ Implied multiplication of a function (2sin 30, A

⎯

, etc.)

⑦ nCr, nPr ⑧

×, ÷ ⑨ +, − ⑩ AND ⑪ OR, XOR, XNOR ⑫ =,

+, M−, ⇒M, ▶DEG, ▶RAD, ▶GRAD, DATA, CD, 󱽔rθ, 󱽔

and other calculation ending instructions

• If parentheses are used, parenthesized calculations have

precedence over any other calculations.

INITIAL SET UP

Mode Selection

NORMAL mode: b 0 (default) Used to perform arithmetic operations and function calculations.

STAT mode: b 1 Used to perform statistical operations.

DRILL mode: b 2 Used to practice math and multiplication table drills.

SET UP Menu

Press J to display the SET UP menu. Press j to exit the SET UP menu.

Determination of the angular unit

The following three angular units (degrees, radians, and grads) can be speciﬁ ed. DEG (°): J 0 0 (default) RAD (rad): J 0 1 GRAD (g): J 0 2

Selecting the display notation and decimal places

Five display notation systems are used to display calculation results: Two settings of Floating point (NORM1 and NORM2), Fixed decimal point (FIX), Scientiﬁ c notation (SCI), and Engineering notation (ENG).

• When J 1 0 (FIX) or J 1 2 (ENG) is

pressed, “TAB(0–9)?” will be displayed and the number of decimal places (TAB) can be set to any value between 0 and 9.

• When J 1 1 (SCI) is pressed, “SIG(0–9)?” will be

displayed and the number of signiﬁ cant digits can be set to any value between 0 and 9. Entering 0 will set a 10-digit display.

Setting the ﬂ oating point number system in scientiﬁ c notation

Two settings are used to display a ﬂ oating-point number: NORM1 (the default) and NORM2. A number is automatically displayed in scientiﬁ c notation outside a preset range:

• NORM1 (J 1 3): 0.000000001

≤ | x | ≤ 9,999,999,999

• NORM2 (J 1 4): 0.01

≤ | x | ≤ 9,999,999,999

Selecting the editor

Two editors are available in NORMAL mode:

• The WriteView editor (W-VIEW): J 2 0 (default)

• The Line editor (LINE): J 2 1

Adjusting the display contrast

Press J 3, then + or & to adjust the contrast. Press j to exit.

Insert and overwrite entry methods

When using the Line editor, you can change the entry method from “INSERT” (the default) to “OVERWRITE”. After you switch to the overwrite method (by pressing J 4

1), the triangular cursor will change to a rectangular one, and the number or function underneath it will be overwritten as you make entries.

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATIONS

• Press b 0 to select NORMAL mode.

• In each example, press j to clear the display ﬁ rst. Unless

otherwise speciﬁ ed, calculation examples are performed in the WriteView editor with the default display settings (@ P

0).

Arithmetic Operations

• The closing parenthesis ) just before = or m may

be omitted.

Constant Calculations

• In constant calculations, the addend becomes a constant.

Subtraction and division are performed in the same manner. For multiplication, the multiplicand becomes a constant.

• In constant calculations, constants will be displayed as K.

Functions

• Refer to the calculation examples for each function.

• In the Line editor, the following symbols are used:

•

: to indicate an expression’s power. (m, @ ",

@ Y)

• : to separate integers, numerators, and denominators. (W, @ k)

• When using @ O or @ W in the Line editor, values are entered in the following way:

• logn (base, value)

• abs value

Random Function

The random function has four settings. (This function cannot be selected while using the N-base function.) To generate further random numbers in succession, press e. Press j to exit.

Random numbers

A pseudo-random number, with three signiﬁ cant digits from 0 up to 0.999, can be generated by pressing @ w 0 e. Note: In the WriteView editor, the result will be a fraction or 0.

Random dice

To simulate a die-rolling, a random integer between 1 and 6 can be generated by pressing @ w 1 e.

Random coin

To simulate a coin ﬂ ip, 0 (heads) or 1 (tails) can be randomly generated by pressing @ w 2 e.

Random integer

An integer between 0 and 99 can be generated randomly by pressing @ w 3 e.

Angular Unit Conversions

Each time @ ] is pressed, the angular unit changes in sequence.

Memory Calculations

Memory calculations can be performed in NORMAL and STAT modes.

Temporary memories (A–F, X and Y)

Press x and a variable key to store a value in memory. Press t and a variable key to recall the value from that memory. To place a variable in an equation, press ; and a variable key.

Independent memory (M)

In addition to all the features of temporary memories, a value can be added to or subtracted from an existing memory value. Press j x M to clear the independent memory (M).

Last answer memory (ANS)

The calculation result obtained by pressing = or any other calculation ending instruction is automatically stored in the last answer memory.

Notes:

• Calculation results from the functions indicated below are automatically stored in the X or Y memories replacing any existing values.

• 󱽔

rθ, 󱽔

: X memory (r or x), Y memor y (θ or y)

• Two

x´ values from a quadratic regression calculation in

STAT mode: X memory (1:), Y memory (2:)

• Use of t or ; will recall the value stored in memory using up to 14 digits.

Deﬁ nable memories (D1–D4)

You can store functions or operations in deﬁ nable memories (D1–D4).

• To store a function or operation, press x, followed by a deﬁ nable memory key (I, J, K, or L), followed by the operation you want to store. Menu-related operations, such as J, cannot be stored. Press j to return to the previous display.

• To call a stored function or operation, press the corresponding memory key. Calling a stored function will do nothing if the function that is called would be unusable in the current context.

• Any functions or operations that are stored in a deﬁ nable memory will be replaced when you save a new one into that memory.

• When displaying and correcting a data set in STAT mode, you cannot store functions or operations in deﬁ nable memories.

Chain Calculations

The previous calculation result can be used in the subsequent calculation. However, it cannot be recalled after entering multiple instructions.

Fraction Calculations

Arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed using fractions. In NORMAL mode, conversion between a decimal number and a fraction can be performed by pressing U. Notes:

• To convert a sexagesimal value to a fraction, ﬁ rst convert it by pressing @ :.

Binary, Pental, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Operations (N-base)

Conversions can be performed between N-base numbers in NORMAL mode. The four basic arithmetic operations, calculations with parentheses, and memory calculations can also be performed, along with the logical operations AND, OR, NOT, NEG, XOR, and XNOR on binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal numbers. Conversion to each system is performed with the following keys:

@ z (“BIN” appears), @ r (“PEN” appears), @ g (“OCT” appears), @ h (“HEX” appears), @ / (“BIN”, “PEN”, “OCT”, and “HEX” disappear)

Note: The hexadecimal numbers A–F are entered by pressing

, *B, AC, lD, iE, and HF.

In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, fractional parts cannot be entered. When a decimal number having a fractional part is converted into a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal number, the fractional part will be truncated. Likewise, when the result of a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal calculation includes a fractional part, the fractional part will be truncated. In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, negative numbers are displayed as a complement.

Time, Decimal, and Sexagesimal Calculations

Conversion between decimal and sexagesimal numbers can be performed. In addition, the four basic arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed using the sexagesimal system. Notation for sexagesimal is as follows:

Coordinate Conversions

• Before performing a calculation, select the angular unit.

• The calculation result is automatically stored in the X and Y memories (

r or x in X memory, and θ or y in Y memory).

• The results of coordinate conversions will be displayed as decimal numbers even in the WriteView editor.

Rectangular coord. Polar coord.

Modify Function

Decimal calculation results are internally obtained in scientiﬁ c notation, with up to 14 digits in the mantissa. However, since calculation results are displayed in the form designated by the display notation and the number of decimal places indicated, the internal calculation result may differ from that shown in the display. By using the modify function (@ n), the internal value is converted to match that of the display, so that the displayed value can be used without change in subsequent operations.

• When using the WriteView editor, if the calculation result is displayed using fractions or irrational numbers, press U to convert it to decimal form ﬁ rst.

STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS

Statistical calculations can be performed in STAT mode. There are eight sub-modes within STAT mode. Press b 1, then press the number key that corresponds to your choice:

0 (S#a# 0 [SD]): Single-variable statistics 1 (S#a# 1 [LINE]): Linear regression 2 (S#a# 2 [QUAD]): Quadratic regression 3 (S#a# 3 [E_EXP]): Euler exponential regression 4 (S#a# 4 [LOG]): Logarithmic regression 5 (S#a# 5 [POWER]): Power regression 6 (S#a# 6 [INV]): Inverse regression 7 (S#a# 7 [G_EXP]): General exponential regression

Statistical Calculations and Variables

The following statistics can be obtained for each statistical calculation (refer to the table below):

Single-variable statistical calculation

Statistics of ①.

Linear regression calculation

Statistics of ① and ②. In addition, the estimate of

y for a

given

x (estimate y´) and the estimate of x for a given y

(estimate

x´).

Quadratic regression calculation

Statistics of ① and ②, and coefﬁ cients

a, b, c in the quadratic

regression formula (

y = a + bx + cx

). (For quadratic

regression calculations, no correlation coefﬁ cient (

r) can be

obtained.) When there are two

x´ values, each value will be

displayed with “1:” or “2:”, and stored separately in the X and Y memories.

Euler exponential regression, logarithmic regression, power regression, inverse regression, and general exponential regression calculations

Statistics of ① and ②. In addition, the estimate of

y for a given

x and the estimate of x for a given y. (Since the calculator

converts each formula into a linear regression formula before actual calculation takes place, it obtains all statistics, except coefﬁ cients

a and b, from converted data rather than entered

data.)

①

–

Mean of samples (x data)

sx Sample standard deviation (x data)

σx Population standard deviation (x data)

Number of samples

Σx Sum of samples (x data)

Σx

Sum of squares of samples (x data)

②

–

Mean of samples (

y data)

Sample standard deviation (y data)

σy

Population standard deviation (y data)

Σy

Sum of samples (y data)

Σy

Sum of squares of samples (y data)

Σx

Sum of products of samples (x, y)

Correlation coefﬁ cient

Coefﬁ cient of regression equation

b Coefﬁ cient of regression equation

Coefﬁ cient of quadratic regression equation

• Use ; and t to perform a variable calculation in STAT mode.

• U does not function in STAT mode.

Data Entry and Correction

Before entering new data, clear the memory contents.

Data entry

Single-variable data

Data _ Data H frequency _ (To enter multiples of the same

data)

Two-variable data

Data

x H data y _

Data

x H data y H frequency _ (To enter multiples

of the same data

x and y)

Note: Up to 100 data items can be entered. With the single-

variable data, a data item without frequency assignment is counted as one data item, while an item assigned with frequency is stored as a set of two data items. With the two-variable data, a set of data items without frequency assignment is counted as two data items, while a set of items assigned with frequency is stored as a set of three data items.

Data correction

Correction before pressing _ immediately after a data entry:

Delete incorrect data with j, then enter the correct data.

Correction after pressing _:

Use u and d to display the previously entered data set. Press d to display the data set in ascending (oldest ﬁ rst) order. To reverse the display order to descending (latest ﬁ rst), press the u key. Press @ u or @ d to jump the cursor to the beginning or end of the data set. Each data set is displayed with “X:”, “Y:”, or “F:”.

Display and move the cursor to the data item to be modiﬁ ed by using u and d, input the correct value, then press _ or e.

• To delete a data set, display and move the cursor to an item

of the data set to delete by using u and d, then press @ #. The data set will be deleted.

• To add a new data set, press j to exit the display of

previously entered data and input the values, then press _.

Statistical Calculation Formulas

Type Regression formula

Linear

y = a + bx

Quadratic

y = a + bx + cx

Euler exponential

y = a ⋅ e

Logarithmic

y = a + b ⋅ ln x

Power

y = a ⋅ x

Inverse

y = a + b

⎯

General exponential

y = a ⋅ b

An error will occur when:

• The absolute value of the intermediate result or calculation result is equal to or greater than 1

× 10

100

• The denominator is zero.

• An attempt is made to take the square root of a negative number.

• No solution exists in the quadratic regression calculation.

DRILL MODE

Math Drill: b 2 0 Math operation questions with positive integers and 0 are displayed randomly. It is possible to select the number of questions and operator type.

Multiplication Table (

× Table): b 2 1

Questions from each row of the multiplication table (1 to 12) are displayed serially or randomly.

To exit DRILL mode, press b and select another mode.

Using Math Drill and × Tab le

1. Press b 2 0 for Math Drill or b 2 1 for

× Tabl e.

2. Math Drill: Use u and d to select the number of

questions (25, 50, or 100).

× Tab le : Use u and d to select a row in the

multiplication table (1 to 12).

3. Math Drill: Use l and r to select the operator type for

questions (

+, −, ×, ÷, or +−×÷).

× Tab le : Use l and r to select the order type (“Serial”

or “Random”).

4. Press e to start. When using Math Drill or

× Table (random order only),

questions are randomly selected and will not repeat except by chance.

5. Enter your answer. Press j or N to clear the entered number and then enter the correct answer.

6. Press e.

• If the answer is correct, “

” appears and the next question

is displayed.

• If the answer is wrong, “

”appears and the same question

is displayed. This will be regarded as an incorrect answer.

• If you press e without entering an answer, the correct answer is displayed and then the next question is displayed. This will be regarded as an incorrect answer.

7. Continue answering the series of questions by entering the answer and pressing e.

8. After you ﬁ nish, press e and the number and percentage of correct answers are displayed.

9. Press e to return to the initial screen for your current drill.

Math Drill sample

⁝

× Table sample

⁝

Ranges of Math Drill Questions

The range of questions for each operator type is as follows. + Addition operator: “0

+ 0” to “20 + 20”

] Subtraction operator: “0

− 0” to “20 − 20”; answers are

positive integers and 0.

> Multiplication operator: “1

× 0” or “0 × 1” to “12 × 12”

) Division operator: “0

÷ 1” to “144 ÷ 12”; answers are

positive integers from 1 to 12 and 0, dividends of up to 144, and divisors of up to 12.

+]>) Mixed operators: Questions within all the above

ranges are displayed.

ERRORS AND CALCULATION RANGES

Errors

An error will occur if an operation exceeds the calculation ranges, or if a mathematically illegal operation is attempted. When an error occurs, pressing l or r automatically moves the cursor back to the place in the equation where the error occurred. Edit the equation or press j to clear the equation.

Error codes and error types

ERROR 01: Syntax error

• An attempt was made to perform an invalid operation. Ex. 2 + & 5 =

ERROR 02: Calculation error

• The absolute value of an intermediate or ﬁ nal calculation result equals or exceeds 10

100

• An attempt was made to divide by zero (or an intermediate calculation resulted in zero).

• The calculation ranges were exceeded while performing calculations.

ERROR 03: Nesting error

• The available number of buffers was exceeded. (There are 10 buffers for numeric values and 64 buffers for calculation instructions).

ERROR 04: Data over

• Data items exceeded 100 in STAT mode.

Alert Messages

Cannot delete!

• The selected item cannot be deleted by pressing N or @ y in the WriteView editor. Ex. * 5 r A l N In this example, delete the exponent before attempting to delete the parentheses.

Cannot call!

• The function or operation stored in deﬁ nable memory (D1 to D4) cannot be called. Ex. An attempt was made to recall a statistical variable from within NORMAL mode.

Buffer full!

• The equation (including any calculation ending instructions) exceeded its maximum input buffer (159 characters in the WriteView editor or 161 characters in the Line editor). An equation may not exceed its maximum input buffer.

Calculation Ranges

• Within the ranges speciﬁ ed, this calculator is accurate to

±1 of the 10th digit of the mantissa. However, a calculation

error increases in continuous calculations due to accumulation of each calculation error. (This is the same for

x, x

r, n!, ex, ln, etc., where continuous calculations are performed internally.) Additionally, a calculation error will accumulate and become larger in the vicinity of inﬂ ection points and singular points of functions.

• Calculation ranges

±10

−

to ±9.999999999 × 1099 and 0. If the absolute value of an entry or a ﬁ nal or intermediate result of a calculation is less than 10

−

, the value is

considered to be 0 in calculations and in the display.

Display of results using r

Calculation results may be displayed using r when all of the following conditions are met:

• When intermediate and ﬁ nal calculation results are displayed in the following form:

aPb

⎯

cPd

⎯

• When each coefﬁ cient falls into the following ranges:

≤ a < 100; 1 < b < 1,000; 0 ≤ c < 100;

≤ d < 1,000; 1 ≤ e < 100; 1 ≤ f < 100

• When the number of terms in the intermediate and ﬁ nal calculation results is one or two.

Note: The result of two fractional terms that include r will be

reduced to a common denominator.

BATTERY REPLACEMENT

Notes on Battery Replacement

Improper handling of batteries can cause electrolyte leakage or explosion. Be sure to observe the following handling rules:

• Make sure the new battery is the correct type.

• When installing, orient the battery properly as indicated in the calculator.

• The battery is factory-installed before shipment, and may be exhausted before it reaches the service life stated in the speciﬁ cations.

Notes on erasure of memory contents

When the battery is replaced, the memory contents are erased. Erasure can also occur if the calculator is defective or when it is repaired. Make a note of all important memory contents in case accidental erasure occurs.

When to Replace the Battery

EL-W531/W531H/W531HA/W535: If the display has poor

contrast even after adjusting the display contrast, the battery requires replacement. EL-W531G: If the display has poor contrast or nothing appears on the display when j is pressed in dim lighting, even after adjusting the display contrast, it is time to replace the battery.

Cautions

• Fluid from a leaking battery accidentally entering an eye could result in serious injury. Should this occur, wash with clean water and immediately consult a doctor.

• Should ﬂ uid from a leaking battery come in contact with your skin or clothes, immediately wash with clean water.

• If the product is not to be used for some time, to avoid damage to the unit from a leaking battery, remove it and store in a safe place.

• Do not leave an exhausted battery inside the product.

• Keep batteries out of the reach of children.

• An exhausted battery left in the calculator may leak and damage the calculator.

• Explosion risk may be caused by incorrect handling.

• Do not throw batteries into a ﬁ re as they may explode.

Replacement Procedure

1. Turn the power off by pressing @ o.

2. Remove the two screws. (Fig. 1)

3. Slide the battery cover slightly and lift it to remove.

4. EL-W531/W531G/W535: Remove the used battery by prying it out with a ball-point pen or other similar pointed device. (Fig. 2)

EL-W531H/W531HA: Remove the used battery.

5. EL-W531/W531G/W535: Install one new battery. Make sure the “+” side is facing up.

EL-W531H/W531HA: Install one new battery. First insert the

“

−” side toward the spring. (Fig. 3)

6. Replace the cover and screws.

7. Press the RESET switch (on the back) with the tip of a ball-point pen or similar object.

8. Adjust the display contrast. See “Adjusting the Display Contrast”.

• Make sure that the display appears as shown below. If the display does not appear as shown, remove the battery, reinstall it, and check the display once again.

Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3

Automatic Power Off Function

This calculator will turn itself off to save battery power if no key is pressed for approximately 10 minutes.

SPECIFICATIONS

Calculation features: Scientiﬁ c calculations, statistical

calculations, etc. Drill features: Math Drill and Multiplication Table Display:

× 32 dot matrix liquid crystal display

Display of calculation results: Mantissa: 10 digits Exponent: 2 digits

Internal calculations: Mantissas of up to 14 digits Pending operations: 64 calculations 10 numeric values Power source: EL-W531/W535

1.5 V …— (DC): Alkaline battery (LR44 or

equivalent)

× 1

EL-W531G

Built-in solar cells

1.5 V …— (DC): Backup battery

(Alkaline battery (LR44 or equivalent)

× 1)

EL-W531H/W531HA

1.5 V …— (DC): Heavy duty manganese

battery (size AAA or R03)

× 1

Power consumption: EL-W531/W531H/W531HA/W535

0.00011 W Operating time: (varies according to use and other factors)

EL-W531/W535

Approx. 3,000 hours when continuously displaying 55555. at 25°C (77°F)

EL-W531G

Approx. 3,000 hours when continuously displaying 55555. at 25°C (77°F), using the alkaline battery only

EL-W531H/W531HA

Approx. 17,000 hours when continuously displaying 55555. at 25°C (77°F)

Operating temperature:

0°C–40°C (32°F–104°F)

External dimensions:

79.6 mm (W)

× 161.5 mm (D) ×

15.5 mm (H)

3-1/8” (W)

× 6-11/32” (D) × 5/8” (H)

Weight: EL-W531/W535

Approx. 100 g (0.22 lb) (including battery)

EL-W531G

Approx. 102 g (0.23 lb) (including battery)

EL-W531H/W531HA

Approx. 107 g (0.24 lb) (including battery)

Accessories:

Battery

× 1 (installed), operation

manual, and hard case

FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT SCIENTIFIC CALCULATORS

Visit our Web site. http://sharp-world.com/calculator/

EL-W531 EL-W531G EL-W531H EL-W531HA EL-W535

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR

OPERATION MANUAL

MODEL

ENGLISH

Total remaining questions

Question

See step 6 above.

Multiplicand Order type

Percentage correct Correct answers

Current question/ Total questions

Question

See step 6 above.

Number of questions Operator type

Percentage correct Correct answers

Entry value DEG multiples of 15 RAD

multiples of

⎯

GRAD

multiples of

⎯

Degree

Minute

Second

Data set number Data

Data y Frequency

Data set number Data

Frequency

CALCULATION EXAMPLES ANWENDUNGSBEISPIELE EXEMPLES DE CALCUL EJEMPLOS DE CÁLCULO EXEMPLOS DE CÁLCULO ESEMPI DI CALCOLO REKENVOORBEELDEN PÉLDASZÁMÍTÁSOK

PŘÍKLADY VÝPOČTŮ

RÄKNEEXEMPEL LASKENTAESIMERKKEJÄ UDREGNINGSEKSEMPLER

CONTOH-CONTOH PERHITUNGAN

2 3

⎯ + ⎯ =

5 4

2 W 5 r

W 3 r 4

⎯

1.15

⎯

3 r k * 5

3.872983346

2 ÷ 3 + P5 ÷ 5

2 r z 3 +

5 r z 5

3Q5+5Q2

⎯

0.918618116

sin 45

⎯

0.707106781

2cos

−

0.5 [rad]

0 1

@ ^ 0.5

⎯

2.094395102

u d

@ Z

①

3(5

( 5 + 2 )

②

5 + 2

k 5 + 2

③

3) × 2

(

5 +

)

k 2

󱽔 ①

@ u

󱽔 ②

󱽔 ③

󱽔 ②

100000

[NORM1]

100000

z 3

33'333.33333

󱽔

[FIX: TAB 2]

1 0

33'333.33

󱽔

[SCI: SIG 2]

1 1

3.3b04

󱽔

[ENG: TAB 2]J 1 2

33.33b03

󱽔

[NORM1]

33'333.33333

(123)

⎯

(

12 m 3

r )

W 4

6.447419591

(

12 m 3 )

1 W 4

6.447419591

@ 1

512

−

49 r &

@ D 81

49 & 4

D 81

@ q

@ B

10P3

@ e 3

720

5C2

@ c 2

500

25%

500

k 25 @

125

120 ÷ 400 = ?%

120

400

500

(500 × 25%)

500

+ 25 @

625

400

−

(400 × 30%)

400

& 30 @

280

5 − 9 |

@ W

5 & 9

@ W (

5 & 9

) =

•

θ =

sin

−

x, θ = tan

−

θ =

cos

−

DEG

−

90 ≤ θ ≤ 90 0 ≤ θ ≤ 180

RAD

−π⎯

≤ θ ≤

⎯

≤ θ ≤ π

GRAD

−

100 ≤ θ ≤ 100 0 ≤ θ ≤ 200

]

90° → [rad]

90 @

]

⎯

→

[g]

@ ]

100

→

[°]

@ ]

sin

−

0.8 = [°]

w 0.8

53.13010235

→

[rad]

@ ]

0.927295218

→

[g]

@ ]

59.03344706

→

[°]

@ ]

53.13010235

; t x m M < I J K L

8 × 2 ⇒ M

8 k 2 x M

(8 × 2)

z ; M

⎯

(8 × 2) × 5

; M

k 5

1.25 +

⎯

1.25

+ 2 W 5

⎯

1.65

1.25

+ 2 W 5

1.65

1m13m20

33m20

* 4

m5m

6 =

5 4

⎯

11 z r g h / d n 4

p x C

DEC (25) 󱽔 BIN

@ /

BIN

11001

HEX (1AC)

1AC

󱽔

BIN

@ z

BIN

110101100

󱽔

PEN

3203

󱽔

OCT

654

󱽔

DEC

@ /

428

(1010

−

100)

[BIN]

@ z (

1010

100

)

BIN

10010

BIN (111) → NEG d

111

BIN

1111111001

HEX (1FF)

OCT (512)

1FF

g +

512

OCT

1511

HEX (?)

HEX

349

2FEC

−

2C9E



⇒

) 2000 − 1901



⇒

— M =

j x

2FEC

2C9E

HEX

2000

1901

HEX

j x

HEX

A4D

1011 AND 101

[BIN]

@ z

1011

101

BIN

5A OR C3

[HEX]

h 5A

HEX

NOT 10110

[BIN]

@ z n

10110

BIN

1111101001

24 XOR 4

[OCT]

g 24

OCT

B3 XNOR 2D

[HEX]

h B3

HEX

FFFFFFFF

→

DEC

@ /

159

12 [ :

7°31’49.44” 󱽔 [10]

7 [ 31 [

49.44

663

⎯

1250

123.678 󱽔 [60]

123.678

123(40q40.8

3h 30m 45s + 6h 45m 36s = [60]

[ 30 [

+ 6 [ 45

[

10(16q21

1234°56’12” + 0°0’34.567” = [60]

1234

[ 56 [

+ 0 [ 0

[

34.567

1234(56q47

3h 45m – 1.69h = [60]

[ 45 &

1.69

= @ :

2(3q36

sin 62°12’24” = [10]

[

0.884635235

13 u E H

(

= 6

= 4

󱽔

(

= [°]

6 H 4

{

7.211102551

33.69006753

(

= 14

= 36 [°]

󱽔

(

H 36

11.32623792

8.228993532

14 n J

󱽔

[FIX, TAB = 1]j J 1 0

0.0

9 = ANS

z 9

⎯

0.6

ANS

9 = *

5.0

z 9

⎯

0.6

󱽔

[MDF]

⎯

ANS × 9

9 = *

⎯

U U

5.4

󱽔

[NORM1]

5.4

⎯

9 = 5.5555555555555 × 10

−

× 9

⎯

9 = 0.6 × 9

15 _ H R v p c g o Q

G s i j h f a b S

V U

DATA

80 75

75 75

1 0

@ Z

S#a# 0 [SD]

DATA SET=

H 3

DATA SET=

–

75.71428571

12.37179148

n =

Σx =

530

Σx

Σx2=

41'200

sx =

sx=

13.3630621

sx2=

178.5714286

(95

−

–

)

⎯

10 + 50

(

95 &

; R )

; v

10 +

64.43210706

DATA

12 21

21 21

24 40

40 40

S#a# 1 [LINE

]

H 5

DATA SET=

H 24

DATA SET=

H 40 H 3

DATA SET=

H 25

DATA SET=

1.050261097

1.826044386

r =

0.995176343

8.541216597

15.67223812

= 3 󱽔

?3 @ U

6.528394256

= 46 󱽔

?46 @

x´

24.61590706

DATA

200

S#a# 2 [QUAD

]

H 41

DATA SET=

H 13

DATA SET=

H 2

DATA SET=

200

DATA SET=

H 71

DATA SET=

5.357506761

3.120289663

c =

0.503334057

= 10 󱽔

?10 @ U

24.4880159

= 22 󱽔

?22 @

9.63201409

3.432772026

16 _ H u d #

DATA

󱽖

DATA

S#a# 0 [SD]

DATA SET=

H 2

DATA SET=

d @ #

DATA SET=

d d d

■

–

⎯

σx

−

–

⎯

sx =

−

–

⎯

−

+ … +

–

⎯

σy =

−

–

⎯

sy =

−

–

⎯

−

x1y

x2y

+ … +

xny

+ … +

Function keys Funktionstasten Touches de fonction Teclas de función Teclas de função Tasti di funzione Functietoetsen

Függvénybillentyűk Tlačítka funkcí

Funktionstangenter Funktionäppäimet Funktionstaster

Tombol fungsi

Display

Afﬁ chage

Visualizador

Exibição

Display Display

Kijelző

Zobrazení

Visning

Näyttö

Display

Tampilan

Buffer space*

Pufferplatz*

Espace tampon*

Espacio de memoria intermedia

Espaço na memória intermediária

Memoria tampone*

Bufferruimte*

Pufferterület*

Vyrovnávací paměť*

Buffertutrymme*

Puskuritila*

Bufferplads*

Ruang buffer*

@ Z

□

−1

□

@ 1

□

 □

□

@ O

log

□

(□)

@ "

□

@ Y

□

@ q

□

@ D

□

W / @ k

□

⎯

□

@ W

□

( )

* The amount of memory used for the sake of display in the

WriteView editor, measured in characters (excluding entered values, denoted in the chart by “□”).

* Der für die Anzeige in WriteView Editor verwendete

Speicherplatz, gemessen in Zeichen (ohne die eingegebenen Werte, die in der Tabelle mit „□“ markiert sind).

* Espace mémoire utilisé pour préserver l’afﬁ chage dans l’éditeur

WriteView, mesuré en caractère (à l’exception des valeurs d’entrée, indiquées dans le tableau par “□”).

* La cantidad de memoria usada para visualizar en el editor

Write View, medida en caracteres (excluyendo los valores introducidos, indicados en el graﬁ co mediante “□”).

* A quantidade de memória que é usada para a exibição no

editor WriteView, medida em caracteres (excluindo os valores introduzidos, indicados no quadro por “□”).

* La quantità di memoria utilizzata per la visualizzazione nell’editor

WriteView, misurata in caratteri (escludendo i valori inseriti, indicati nella tabella con il simbolo “□”).

* De hoeveelheid geheugen dat wordt gebruikt om de WriteView

editor weer te geven, gemeten in symbolen (met uitzondering van ingevoerde waarden aangeduid in de graﬁ ek met “□”).

* A WriteView szerkesztő megjelenítési műveleteire használatos

memóriaterület, karakterben kifejezve (az ábrán „□” karakterrel jelölt beviteli értékeket nem számítva).

* Množství paměti využívané pro účely zobrazení v editoru

WriteView, vyjádřené počtem znaků (vyjma zadaných hodnot, označených v grafu znakem „□“).

* Den mängd minne som används för visning med WriteView-

redigeraren, mätt i antalet tecken (exklusive inmatade värden, vilka anges som ”□” i tabellen).

* Näytön WriteView-editorissa käyttämä muisti merkkeinä

laskettuna (pois lukien syötetyt arvot, taulukossa merkitty ”□”).

* Den mængde hukommelse, der bruges til visning i WriteView-

editoren, målt i tegn (med undtagelse af indtastede værdier, der angives med „□“ i tabellen).

* Jumlah memori yang digunakan untuk kepentingan tampilan

dalam editor WriteView, diukur dalam jumlah karakter (tidak termasuk nilai yang dimasukkan, ditunjukkan dalam diagram dengan “□”)

NOT

BIN: 1000000000

≤

x ≤ 1111111111

≤

x ≤ 111111111

PEN: 2222222223

≤

x ≤ 4444444444

≤

x ≤ 2222222221

OCT: 4000000000

≤

x ≤ 7777777777

≤

x ≤ 3777777777

HEX: FDABF41C01

≤

x ≤ FFFFFFFFFF

≤

x ≤ 2540BE3FE

NEG

BIN: 1000000001

≤

x ≤ 1111111111

≤

x ≤ 111111111

PEN: 2222222223

≤

x ≤ 4444444444

≤

x ≤ 2222222222

OCT: 4000000001

≤

x ≤ 7777777777

≤

x ≤ 3777777777

HEX: FDABF41C01

≤

x ≤ FFFFFFFFFF

≤

x ≤ 2540BE3FF

* n, r: integer / ganze Zahlen / entier / entero / inteiro / intero

/ geheel getal / egész számok / celé číslo / heltal / kokonaisluku / heltal /

/ / bilangan

bulat

Nur für Deutschland/For Germany only:

Umweltschutz

Das Gerät wird durch eine Batterie mit Strom versorgt. Um die Batterie sicher und umweltschonend zu entsorgen, beachten Sie bitte folgende Punkte:

• Bringen Sie die leere Batterie zu Ihrer örtlichen Mülldeponie, zum Händler oder zum KundenserviceZentrum zur Wiederverwertung.

• Werfen Sie die leere Batterie niemals ins Feuer, ins Wasser oder in den Hausmüll.

Seulement pour la France/For France only:

Protection de l’environnement

L’appareil est alimenté par pile. Afin de protéger l’environnement, nous vous recommandons:

• d’apporter la pile usagée ou à votre revendeur ou au service après-vente, pour recyclage.

• de ne pas jeter la pile usagée dans une source de chaleur, dans l’eau ou dans un vide-ordures.

Endast svensk version/For Sweden only:

Miljöskydd

Denna produkt drivs av batteri. Vid batteribyte skall följande iakttagas:

• Det förbrukade batteriet skall inlämnas till batteriinsamling eller till kommunal miljöstation för återinssamling.

• Kasta ej batteriet i vattnet eller i hushållssoporna. Batteriet får ej heller utsättas för öppen eld.

For Europe only:

OPMERKING: ALLEEN VOOR NEDERLAND/ NOTE: FOR NETHERLANDS ONLY

A. Information on Disposal for Users (private households)

1. In the European Union

Attention: If you want to dispose of this equipment, please do not use the ordinary dust bin!

Used electrical and electronic equipment must be treated separately and in accordance with legislation that requires proper treatment, recovery and recycling of used electrical and electronic equipment.

Following the implementation by member states, private households within the EU states may return their used electrical and electronic equipment to designated collection facilities free of charge*. In some countries* your local retailer may also take back your old product free of charge if you purchase a similar new one. *) Please contact your local authority for further details.

If your used electrical or electronic equipment has batteries or accumulators, please dispose of these separately beforehand according to local requirements.

By disposing of this product correctly you will help ensure that the waste undergoes the necessary treatment, recovery and recycling and thus prevent potential negative effects on the environment and human health which could otherwise arise due to inappropriate waste handling.

2. In other Countries outside the EU

If you wish to discard this product, please contact your local authorities and ask for the correct method of disposal.

For Switzerland: Used electrical or electronic equipment can be returned free of charge to the dealer, even if you don’t purchase a new product. Fur ther collection facilities are listed on the homepage of www.swico.ch or www.sens.ch.

B. Information on Disposal for Business Users.

1. In the European Union

If the product is used for business purposes and you want to discard it:

Please contact your SHARP dealer who will inform you about the take-back of the product. You might be charged for the costs ar ising from take-back and recycling. Small products (and small amounts) might be taken back by your local collection facilities.

For Spain: Please contact the established collection system or your local authority for take-back of your used products.

2. In other Countries outside the EU

If you wish to discard of this product, please contact your local authorities and ask for the correct method of disposal.

Attention: Your product is marked with this symbol. It means that used electrical and electronic products should not be mixed with general household waste. There is a separate collection system for these products.

ENGLISH

For Australia/New Zealand only: For warranty information please see www.sharp.net.au.

ENGLISH

EL-W531 EL-W531G EL-W531H EL-W531HA EL-W535

0 ⇒ M

j x

$150 × 3 ⇒ M

) $250: M1 + 250 ⇒ M

−

) M2 × 5%

– M

150

k 3

450

250

M k 5 @ a

665

¥110 (110 ⇒ Y)

110

¥26,510

26510

z t Y

241

$2,750

¥?

2750

k t Y

302'500

3 cm (r ⇒ Y)

r2 = ?

; Y

28.27433388

⎯

4 + 6

2 2

⎯

…(A)

z ( 4 + 6

) =

⎯

3 × (A) + 60 ÷ (A)

k ; < + 60

; <

⎯

sinh

−

⇒ D1

I @ >

sinh

−

0.5

0.481211825

6 + 4 = ANS

6 + 4

ANS

2 = ANS

k 2

ANS

256

37 = ANS

+ 37

ANS

* =

10 W k

1 4 3

⎯ + ⎯ =

2 3

3 @ k 1 d 2 r

W 4 d 3

⎯

4.833333333

W 1 W 2 + 4 W 3

4m5m6

29m6

4.833333333

⎯

Y 2 W 3

4.641588834

(

⎯

)

W 5 r m 5

16807

⎯

3125

W 5 m 5

16807m3125

⎯

@ q

1 W 8

⎯

225

64 W

225

⎯

@ 1 W 3 m 4

⎯

@ 1 W ( 3 m 4 )

8m81

1.2

⎯

2.3

1.2

2.3

⎯

1°2’3”

⎯

[ 2 [ 3 W 2

0(31q1.5

⎯

2 × 10

` 3 W 2 ` 3

⎯

7 ⇒ A

7 x

⎯

4 W ; A

⎯

1000

[NORM1]

3 z

1000

0.003

󱽔

[NORM2]

󱽔

[NORM1]

0.003

+ & k z ( ) S `

45 + 285 ÷ 3

45 +

285

z 3

140

⎯

15 − 8

(

18 + 6 ) z

(

& 8

⎯

42 × −5 + 120

k S 5 +

120

103) ÷ (4 × 10

−

)

` 3 z 4

S 3

1'250'000

34 + 57

+ 57

45 + 57

102

68 × 25

k 25

1'700

68 × 40

2'720

v $ t w ^ y s H > i l O " V Y Z A 1

* m D q B e c a W H

sin 60 [°]

j v

⎯

0.866025403

cos

⎯

[rad]

0 1

s W 4

⎯

0.707106781

tan

−

1 [g]

0 2

y 1

(cosh 1.5

sinh 1.5)2 =

( H $

1.5

+ H v

1.5

) A

20.08553692

tanh

−

⎯ =

@ > t (

z 7 ) =

0.895879734

ln 20

2.995732274

log 50

50 =

1.698970004

log

16384

@ O

2 r

16384

@ O

2 H

16384

)

@ "

20.08553692

z ; V

0.367879441

1.7

50.11872336

1 1

⎯ + ⎯ =

6 7

@ Z + 7

⎯

0.309523809

−

− 34 × 52

m S 2 r

3 m 4 r

5 A

2024

⎯

129599

⎯

2'024.984375

m S 2 &

m 4 k 5

2'024.984375

2024m63m64

129599m64

Function Funktion Fonction

Función

Função

Funzioni

Functie

Függvény

Funkce

Funktion

Funktio

Funktion

Fungsi

Dynamic range

zulässiger Bereich

Plage dynamique

Rango dinámico

Gama dinâmica Campi dinamici

Rekencapaciteit

Megengedett számítási tartomány

Dynamický rozsah

Definitionsområde

Dynaaminen ala Dynamikområde

Kisaran dinamis

sin

, cos x, tan

DEG: | x | < 10

(tan x: |

| ≠ 90(2n − 1))*

RAD: |

| <

⎯

180

× 10

(tan x: | x | ≠

⎯

(2n − 1))*

GRAD: |

| <

⎯

× 10

(tan x: | x | ≠ 100(2n − 1))*

sin

–1

x, cos–1

| x | ≤ 1

tan

–1

| x | < 10

100

ln x, log x, loga

–99

≤ x < 10

100

, 10

–99

≤ a < 10

100

(a ≠ 1)

•

y > 0: −10

100

< xlog y < 100

•

y = 0: 0 < x < 10

100

•

y < 0: x = n

| x | < 1:

⎯

= 2n − 1, x ≠ 0)*,

−

100

< xlog | y | < 100

•

y > 0: −10

100

⎯

log y < 100 (x ≠ 0)

•

y = 0: 0 < x < 10

100

•

y < 0: x = 2n − 1

| x | < 1:

⎯

= n, x ≠ 0)*,

−

100

⎯

log | y | < 100

−

100

< x ≤ 230.2585092

−

100

< x < 100

sinh

, cosh x, tanh x| x | ≤ 230.2585092

sinh

–1

| x | < 10

cosh–1

1 ≤ x < 10

tanh–1

| x | < 1

| x | < 10

| x | < 2.15443469 × 10

0 ≤ x < 10

100

–1

| x | < 10

100

(x ≠ 0)

n! 0

≤

n ≤ 69*

nPr

0 ≤ r ≤ n ≤ 9999999999*

⎯

(n − r)!

< 10

100

0 ≤ r ≤ n ≤ 9999999999* 0

≤

r ≤ 69

⎯

(n − r)!

< 10

100

󱽗

DEG, D°M’S 0°0’0.00001”

≤

| x | < 10000°

x, y

󱽔 r,

< 10

100

, θ 󱽔 x,

0 ≤ r < 10

100

DEG: | θ | < 10

RAD: | θ | <

⎯

180

× 10

GRAD: | θ | <

⎯

× 10

DRG

▶

DEG 󱽔 RAD, GRAD 󱽔 DEG: | x | < 10

100

RAD 󱽔 GRAD: | x | <

⎯

× 10

󱽔

DEC

󱽔

BIN

󱽔

PEN

󱽔

OCT

󱽔

HEX AND OR XOR XNOR

DEC: |

| ≤ 9999999999

BIN: 1000000000

≤

x ≤ 1111111111

≤

x ≤ 111111111

PEN: 2222222223

≤

x ≤ 4444444444

≤

x ≤ 2222222222

OCT: 4000000000

≤

x ≤ 7777777777

≤

x ≤ 3777777777

HEX: FDABF41C01

≤

x ≤ FFFFFFFFFF

≤

x ≤ 2540BE3FF