Sharp EL-W506, EL-W516, EL-W546 Owner Manual

PRINTED IN CHINA / IMPRIMÉ EN CHINE / IMPRESO EN CHINA

/ /

EL-W506 EL-W516 EL-W546

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR

OPERATION MANUAL

MODEL

ENGLISH

07HGK (TINSE1307EHZZ)

INTRODUCTION

Thank you for purchasing the SHARP Scientiﬁ c Calculator Model EL-W506/W516/W546.

About the calculation examples (including some formulas

and tables), refer to the calculation example sheet. Refer to the number on the right of each title in the manual for use.

After reading this manual, store it in a convenient location for future reference.

Notes:

• Some of the models described in this manual may not be available in some countries.

• This product uses a period as a decimal point.

Operational Notes

• Do not carry the calculator around in your back pocket, as it may break when you sit down. The display is made of glass and is particularly fragile.

• Keep the calculator away from extreme heat such as on a car dashboard or near a heater, and avoid exposing it to excessively humid or dusty environments.

• Since this product is not waterproof, do not use it or store it where ﬂ uids, for example water, can splash onto it. Raindrops, water spray, juice, coffee, steam, perspiration, etc. will also cause malfunction.

• Clean with a soft, dry cloth. Do not use solvents or a wet cloth.

• Do not drop it or apply excessive force.

• Never dispose of batteries in a ﬁ re.

• Keep batteries out of the reach of children.

• For the sake of your health, try not to use this product for long periods of time. If you need to use the product for an extended period, be sure to allow your eyes, hands, arms, and body adequate rest periods (about 10–15 minutes every hour). If you experience any pain or fatigue while using this product, discontinue use immediately. If the discomfort continues, please consult a doctor.

• This product, including accessories, may change due to upgrading without prior notice.

NOTICE

• SHARP strongly recommends that separate permanent written records be kept of all important data. Data may be lost or altered in virtually any electronic memory product under certain circumstances. Therefore, SHARP assumes no responsibility for data lost or otherwise rendered unusable whether as a result of improper use, repairs, defects, battery replacement, use after the speciﬁ ed battery life has expired, or any other cause.

• SHARP will not be liable nor responsible for any incidental or consequential economic or property damage caused by misuse and/or malfunctions of this product and its peripherals, unless such liability is acknowledged by law.

♦ Press the RESET switch (on the back), with the tip of a

ball-point pen or similar object, only in the following cases:

• When using for the ﬁ rst time

• After replacing the battery

• To clear all memory contents

• When an abnormal condition occurs and all keys are inoperative

Do not use an object with a breakable or sharp tip. Note that

pressing the RESET switch erases all data stored in memory.

If service should be required on this calculator, use only a SHARP servicing dealer, SHARP approved service facility, or SHARP repair service where available.

Hard Case

Remove the hard case, holding it with your ﬁ ngers in the positions shown below.

DISPLAY

Symbol

Dot matrix display

Mantissa Exponent

• During actual use, not all symbols are displayed at the same time.

• Only the symbols required for the usage currently being explained are shown in the display and calculation examples in this manual.

: Indicates that some contents are hidden in the

directions shown.

2ndF: Appears when @ is pressed, indicating that the

functions shown in orange are enabled.

HYP: Indicates that H has been pressed and the

hyperbolic functions are enabled. If @ > is pressed, the symbols 2ndF HYP appear, indicating that inverse hyperbolic functions are enabled.

ALPHA: Indicates that ;, x or t has been pressed,

and entry (recall) of memory contents and recall of statistics can be performed.

DEG/RAD/GRAD: Indicates angular units. BUSY: Appears during the execution of a calculation. W-VIEW: Indicates that the WriteView editor is selected. M: Indicates that a numerical value is stored in the

independent memory (M).

/ :

Indicates the mode of expression for results in CPLX mode.

ENG/SCI/FIX/N2/N1: Indicates the notation used to display a

value and changes by SET UP menu. N1 is displayed on-screen as “NORM1”, and N2 as “NORM2”.

BEFORE USING THE CALCULATOR

When using for the ﬁ rst time, press the RESET switch (on the back), with the tip of a ball-point pen or similar object.

Adjusting the Display Contrast

Press @ J 3, then + or & to adjust the contrast. Press j to exit.

Power On and Off

Press j to turn the calculator on. The data that was onscreen when the power was turned off will appear on the display.

Press @ o to turn the calculator off.

Key Notations Used in this Manual

In this manual, key operations are described as follows:

To specify ex: To specify ln: To specify E:

• Functions that are printed in orange above the key require @ to be pressed ﬁ rst before the key. When you specify the memory, press ; ﬁ rst. Numbers for input values are not shown as keys, but as ordinary numbers.

• Functions that are printed in gray adjacent to the keys are effective in speciﬁ c modes.

• The multiplication operator “×” is differentiated from the letter “X” in this manual as follows:

To specify the multiplication operator: k To specify the letter “X”: ; X

@ "

; E

The WriteView and Line Editors

This calculator has the following two editors in NORMAL mode: WriteView and Line. You can select between them in the SET UP menu.

The WriteView editor (default) The Line editor

Notes:

• The WriteView Editor is only available in NORMAL mode.

• In certain calculation examples, where you see the o symbol, the key operations and calculation results are shown as they would appear in the Line editor.

Clearing the Entry and Memories

Operation

@ Z Mode selection (

@ P 0 @ P 1 0 @ P 2 0

RESET switch

○: Clear *1 Press j x and then choose a memory to clear one

variable memory.

*2 Formula memories and deﬁ nable memories. See “Memory

Calculations”. *3 Statistical data (entered data) *4 Matrix memories (matA, matB, matC, and matD) *5 List memories (L1, L2, L3, and L4) *6 Cleared when changing between sub-modes in STAT mode. *7 See “Memory clear key”. *8 The username you stored using the name display function will

be cleared as well.

Memory clear key

Press @ P to display the menu.

• To initialize the display settings,

press 0. The parameters are set as follows:

• Angular unit: DEG

• Display notation: NORM1

• N-base: DEC

• To clear all variables and memories (A−F, M, X, Y, F1−F4, D1−D4,

ANS , STAT, matA−D, and L1−L4) at once, press 1 0.

• To RESET the calculator, press 2 0. The RESET

operation will erase all data stored in memory and restore the calculator’s default settings. You can do the same thing by pressing the RESET switch on the back of the calculator.

)

: Retain

A–F,

M, X, Y

F1–F4,

D1–D4

ANS STAT

matA–D

L1–L4

Entry

(Display)

○× ×××× ○× ×○○○ ○× ×××* ○× ×××× ○○ ○○○○ ○○ ○○○○ ○○ ○○○○

○

Mode Selection

→

NORMAL mode: b 0 (default) Used to perform arithmetic operations and function calculations.

STAT mode: b 1 Used to perform statistical operations.

DRILL mode: b 2 Used to practice math and multiplication table drills.

CPLX mode: b 3 Used to perform complex number calculations.

MATRIX mode: b 4 Used to perform matrix calculations.

LIST mode: b 5 Used to perform list calculations.

EQUATION mode: b 6 Used to solve equations.

SET UP Menu

Press @ J to display the SET UP menu.

Press j to exit the SET UP menu.

Determination of the angular unit

The following three angular units (degrees, radians, and grads) can be speciﬁ ed.

DEG (°): @ J 0 0 (default) RAD (rad): @ J 0 1 GRAD (g): @ J 0 2

Selecting the display notation and decimal places

Five display notation systems are used to display calculation results: Two settings of Floating point (NORM1 and NORM2), Fixed decimal point (FIX), Scientiﬁ c notation (SCI), and Engineering notation (ENG).

• When @ J 1 0 (FIX) or @ J 1 2 (ENG) is pressed, “TAB(0–9)?” will be displayed and the number of decimal places (TAB) can be set to any value between 0 and 9.

• When @ J 1 1 (SCI) is pressed, “SIG(0–9)?” will be displayed and the number of signiﬁ cant digits can be set to any value between 0 and 9. Entering 0 will set a 10-digit display.

Setting the ﬂ oating point number system in scientiﬁ c notation

Two settings are used to display a ﬂ oating-point number: NORM1 (the default) and NORM2. A number is automatically displayed in scientiﬁ c notation outside a preset range:

NORM1 (@ J 1 3)

• NORM2 (@ J 1 4)

•

Selecting the editor

Two editors are available in NORMAL mode:

• The WriteView editor (W-VIEW): @ J 2 0 (default)

• The Line editor (LINE): @ J 2 1

Note: Any entries will be cleared when you change the editor.

Adjusting the display contrast

Press @ J 3, then + or & to adjust the contrast. Press j to exit.

Insert and overwrite entry methods

When using the Line editor, you can change the entry method from “INSERT” (the default) to “OVERWRITE”.

After you switch to the overwrite method (by pressing @ J 4 1), the triangular cursor will change to a rectangular one, and the number or function underneath it will be overwritten as you make entries.

Name display function

You can save a username in this calculator. When you turn the power off, the saved username is displayed momentarily.

Up to 32 characters may be saved, split over two lines. Entering and editing the username:

1. Press @ J 5. The editing screen appears with a ﬂ ashing cursor.

2. Use u and d to scroll through the available characters. The following characters can be entered (listed in the order that they appear):

Letters (A to Z, uppercase only), numbers (0 to 9), slash (/), hyphen (-), colon (:), apostrophe (’), comma (,), period (.), and space ( ).

Press @ u to jump to “A”, and press @ d or j to jump to the space.

3. Pressing l or r moves the cursor to the left or right. To modify a character, use l or r to move the

cursor to the character, then select another character using u or d.

Press @ l or @ r the ﬁ rst line or the end of the second.

Repeat steps 2 and 3 above to continue entering characters.

5. Press = to save.

Note: Press @ Z in the editing screen to clear all the

characters.

: 0.000000001 : 0.01

≤

| x |

≤

| x |

≤

9,999,999,999

to jump to the beginning of

9,999,999,999

ENTERING, DISPLAYING, AND EDITING THE EQUATION

The WriteView Editor

Entry and display

In the WriteView editor, you can enter and display fractions or certain functions as you would write them.

Notes:

• The WriteView editor can only be used in NORMAL mode. If the equation grows too large, it may extend off the edge of the

• display after you obtain the result. If you want to see the entire equation, press l or r to return to the editing screen.

Displaying calculation results

When possible, calculation results will be displayed using fractions, r, and cycle through the following display styles:

• Mixed fractions (with or without (with or without

• Proper fractions (with or without

• Irrational numbers (square roots, fractions made using square roots) 󱽔 decimal numbers

Notes:

• In the following cases, calculation results may be displayed using r:

• Arithmetic operations and memory calculations

• Trigonometric calculations

• In trigonometric calculations, when entering values such as those in the table to the right, results may be shown using r.

• Calculation results may extend off the edges of the screen. You can see those parts by pressing l or r (depending on whether the left or right portion is hidden).

• Improper/proper fractions will be converted to and displayed as decimal numbers if the number of digits used in their expression is greater than nine. In the case of mixed fractions, the maximum number of displayable digits (including integers) is eight.

• If the number of digits in the denominator of a fractional result that uses converted to and displayed as a decimal number.

π. When you press U, the display will

π) 󱽔 improper fractions

π) 󱽔 decimal numbers

Entry value DEG multiples of 15 RAD

multiples of

GRAD

multiples of

π is greater than three, the result is

⎯

The Line Editor

Entry and display

In the Line editor, you can enter and display equations line by line.

Notes:

• Up to three lines of text may be viewed on the screen at one time.

• If the length of the equation exceeds three lines, parts of it may be hidden from view after calculation. If you want to see the rest of the equation, press l or r to return to the editing screen.

• In the Line editor, calculation results are displayed in decimal form or line fraction notation if possible.

Editing the Equation

Just after obtaining an answer, pressing l brings you to the end of the equation and pressing r brings you to the beginning. Press l, r, u, or d to move the cursor. Press @ l or @ r to jump the cursor to the beginning or the end of the equation.

In the WriteView editor, you can use u and d to move the cursor up and down—between the numerator and denominator, for example.

Back space and delete key

To delete a number or function, move the cursor to the right of it, then press N. You can also delete a number or function that the cursor is directly over by pressing @ y.

The MATH Menu

Other functions may be available on this calculator besides those printed on the key pad. These functions are accessed using the MATH menu. The MATH menu has different contents for each mode.

Press N to display the MATH menu. For example, in NORMAL mode, you can call the functions shown on the right.

Notes:

• When the

u or d to display any hidden menu items.

• N does not function when entering values or items in

STAT, M AT RI X , LIST, or EQUATION modes, or into solver functions or simulation calculations.

or symbols are displayed, you can use

/ /

The CATALOG Menu

EL-W506 EL-W516 EL-W546

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR

OPERATION MANUAL

MODEL

ENGLISH

x x x

Using the CATALOG menu, you can select functions and variables that are available for what you are doing in the currently selected mode. To display the CATALOG menu, press N 0.

• Press u or d to move the cursor ( to select.

• Press l or r to scroll up or down.

• Press @ u or @ d to jump to the ﬁ rst or last item.

Note: You cannot bring up the CATALOG menu when entering

values or items in STAT, MATRIX, LIST, or EQUATION modes, or into solver functions or simulation calculations.

) and press e

Multi-line Playback Function

This calculator is equipped with a function to recall previous equations and answers in NORMAL or CPLX modes. A maximum of 340 characters can be stored in memory. When the memory is full, stored equations will be deleted to make room, starting with the oldest.

Pressing u will display the previous equation. Further pressing u will display preceding equations (after returning to the previous equation, press d to view equations in order). In addition, @ u can be used to jump to the oldest equation, and @ d to jump to the newest one.

• To edit an equation after recalling it, press l or r.

• The multi-line memory will be cleared by the following operations:

@ Z , mode change, RESET, N-base conversion, angular unit conversion, editor change (@ J 2

0 or @ J 2 1), and memory clear (@ P 1 0).

• Equations that have one result require an additional eleven characters’ worth of memory to store in order to hold the result.

• In addition to the amount of memory needed to store an equation, the WriteView editor will require a certain amount for the sake of display.

• Equations also include calculation ending instructions, such

=”.

as “

Priority Levels in Calculation

This calculator performs operations according to the following priority:

① Fractions (1 ③ Functions preceded by their argument (

x, x

④ ⑥ Functions followed by their argument (sin, cos, ( ⑦ Implied multiplication of a function (2sin 30, A nPr, 󱽔cv ⑨

+, M−, ⇒M, ▶DEG, ▶RAD, ▶GRAD, DATA, 󱽔rθ, 󱽔

M other calculation ending instructions

• If parentheses are used, parenthesized calculations have precedence over any other calculations.

4, etc.) ② ∠, Engineering preﬁ xes

r ⑤ Implied multiplication of a memory value (2Y, etc.)

×, ÷ ⑩ +, − ⑪ AND ⑫ OR, XOR, XNOR ⑬ =,

−

, x2, n!, etc.)

⎯

−), etc.)

, etc.) ⑧ nCr,

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATIONS

• Press b 0 to select NORMAL mode.

• In each example, press j to clear the display ﬁ rst. Unless otherwise speciﬁ ed, calculation examples are performed in the WriteView editor (@ J 2 0) with the default display settings (@ P 0).

Arithmetic Operations

• The closing parenthesis ) just before = or m may be omitted.

Constant Calculations

• In constant calculations, the addend becomes a constant. Subtraction and division are performed in the same manner. For multiplication, the multiplicand becomes a constant.

• In constant calculations, constants will be displayed as K.

• Constant calculations can be perfomed in NORMAL or STAT modes.

Functions

• Refer to the calculation examples for each function.

• In the Line editor, the following symbols are used:

•

: to indicate an expression’s power. (m, @ ",

@ Y)

: to separate integers, numerators, and denominators.

•

(W, @ k)

• When using @ O or @ W in the Line editor, values are entered in the following way:

• logn (base, value)

• abs value

Integral/Differential Functions

Integral and differential calculations can be performed in NORMAL mode.

Note: Since integral and differential calculations are performed

based on the following equations, correct results may not be obtained, in certain rare cases, when performing special calculations that contain discontinuous points.

Integral calculation (Simpson’s rule):

{

(a)

⎯

2{f(a +

Differential calculation:

Performing integral calculations

1. Press F.

2. Specify the following parameters: range of integral (initial

a), end value (b)), function with variable x, and number

value ( of subintervals (

You do not need to specify the number of subintervals. If the number of subintervals is not speciﬁ ed, the default value of

4{f(a +

2h)

+ f(a +

n).

)

+ f(a +

4h)

...

f´(x

...

3h)

+ f(a + (N −

f(x

)

—

⎯

2)h)}

)

−

1)h)}

+ f(b)}

f(x

−

n = 100 will be used.

3. Press =. Notes:

• Parameters are entered in the following way: WriteView editor:

function[, subintervals]dx

Line editor:

(function,

• Integral calculations, depending on the integrands and subintervals included, require longer calculation time. During calculation, the BUSY symbol will be displayed. To cancel calculation, press j.

Note that there will be greater integral errors when there are large ﬂ uctuations in the integral values during minute shifting of the integral range and for periodic functions, etc., where positive and negative integral values exist depending on the interval.

For the former case, divide integral intervals as small as possible. For the latter case, separate the positive and negative

, and

values. Following these tips will allow you to obtain results from calculations with greater accuracy and will also shorten the calculation time.

Performing differential calculations

1. Press @ G.

2. Specify the following parameters: function with variable

value of You do not need to specify the minute interval. If the minute

interval is not speciﬁ ed, it will automatically be set to 10 (while

3. Press =.

Note: Parameters are entered in the following way:

∑ Function

The ∑ function returns the cumulative sum of a given expression from an initial value to an end value in NORMAL mode.

Performing

1. Press @ I.

2. Specify the following parameters: initial value, end value,

function with variable You do not need to specify the increment. If the increment is

not speciﬁ ed, the default value of

3. Press =.

Note: Parameters are entered in the following way:

a, b[, subintervals])

x, and minute interval (dx).

−

x = 0), or | x | × 10

WriteView editor:

d(function)

–

Line editor:

x = value of x[, minute interval]

(while x ≠ 0).

d/dx (function, value of x[, minute interval])

∑ calculations

x, and increment (n).

n = 1 will be used.

WriteView editor:

end value

(

function[, increment])

initial value

Line editor:

Σ(function, initial value, end value[, increment])

Random Function

The random function has four settings. (This function cannot be selected while using the N-base function.) To generate further random numbers in succession, press e. Press j to exit.

Random numbers

A pseudo-random number, with three signiﬁ cant digits from 0 up to 0.999, can be generated by pressing @ w 0 e.

−

⎯

( )

≤ x ≤

)

⎯

Note: In the WriteView editor, if the result is not 0 it can be

shown as a fraction or decimal using U.

Random dice

To simulate a die-rolling, a random integer between 1 and 6 can be generated by pressing @ w 1 e.

Random coin

To simulate a coin ﬂ ip, 0 (heads) or 1 (tails) can be randomly generated by pressing @ w 2 e.

Random integer

An integer between 0 and 99 can be generated randomly by pressing @ w 3 e.

Angular Unit Conversions

Each time @ ] is pressed, the angular unit changes in sequence.

Memory Calculations

Mode ANS M, F1–F4 A–F, X, Y D1–D4 NORMAL S TAT CPLX MATRIX LIST

○: Available

Temporary memories (A–F, X and Y)

Press x and a variable key to store a value in memory. Press t and a variable key to recall the value from that memory.

To place a variable in an equation, press ; and a variable key.

Independent memory (M)

In addition to all the features of temporary memories, a value can be added to or subtracted from an existing memory value.

Press j x M to clear the independent memory (M).

Last answer memory (ANS)

The calculation result obtained by pressing = or any other calculation ending instruction is automatically stored in the last answer memory.

When the calculation result is in matrix or list form, the full matrix or list is not stored into ANS memory. Only the value of the element covered by the cursor is stored.

Notes:

−

• Calculation results from the functions indicated below are automatically stored in the X or Y memories replacing any

existing values.

• 󱽔

rθ, 󱽔

x´ values from a quadratic regression calculation in

• Two

STAT mode: X memory (1:), Y memory (2:)

• Use of t or ; will recall the value stored in memory using up to 14 digits.

Formula memories (F1–F4)

You can store expressions in formula memories (F1–F4). Storing a new expression in a memory space will automatically replace any content that may already exist there.

Notes:

• Expressions that are stored from the WriteView editor cannot be recalled from within the Line editor, and vice versa.

• You can only recall expressions stored from the Line editor when entering values or items in STAT, MATRIX, LIST, or EQUATION modes, or into solver functions or simulation calculations.

• Any recalled expressions will overwrite any expressions that are currently being entered.

• You cannot store formulas in formula memories when entering values or items in STAT, M ATR I X, LIST, or EQUATION modes, or into solver functions or simulation calculations.

○○○○ ○○○○ ○○×○ ○○○○ ○○○○

: Unavailable

: X memory (r or x), Y memory (θ or y)

Deﬁ nable memories (D1–D4)

You can store functions or operations in deﬁ nable memories (D1–D4).

• To store a function or operation, press x, followed by a deﬁ nable memory key (I, J, K, or L), followed by the operation you want to store. Menu-related operations, such as @ J, cannot be stored. Press j to return to the previous display.

• To call a stored function or operation, press the corresponding memory key. Calling a stored function will not work if the function that is called would be unusable in the current context.

• Any functions or operations that are stored in a deﬁ nable memory will be replaced when you save a new one into that memory.

• You cannot store functions or operations in deﬁ nable memories when entering values or items in STAT, MAT R I X, LIST, or EQUATION modes, or into solver functions or simulation calculations.

Chain Calculations

The previous calculation result can be used in the subsequent calculation. However, it cannot be recalled after entering multiple instructions or when the calculation result is in matrix/list format.

Fraction Calculations

Arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed using fractions. In NORMAL mode, conversion between a decimal number and a fraction can be performed by pressing U.

Notes:

• To convert a sexagesimal value to a fraction, ﬁ rst convert it by pressing @ :.

Binary, Pental, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Operations (N-base)

Conversions can be performed between N-base numbers in NORMAL mode. The four basic arithmetic operations, calculations with parentheses, and memory calculations can also be performed, along with the logical operations AND, OR, NOT, NEG, XOR, and XNOR on binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal numbers.

Conversion to each system is performed with the following keys:

@ z (“BIN” appears), @ r (“PEN” appears), @ g (“OCT” appears), @ h (“HEX” appears), @ / (“BIN”, “PEN”, “OCT”, and “HEX” disappear)

Note: The hexadecimal numbers A–F are entered by pressing

, mB, AC, lD, iE, and HF.

In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, fractional parts cannot be entered. When a decimal number having a fractional part is converted into a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal number, the fractional part will be truncated. Likewise, when the result of a binary, pental, octal, or hexadecimal calculation includes a fractional part, the fractional part will be truncated. In the binary, pental, octal, and hexadecimal systems, negative numbers are displayed as a complement.

Time, Decimal, and Sexagesimal Calculations

You can convert between decimal and sexagesimal numbers, and from sexagesimal numbers to seconds or minutes. In addition, the four basic arithmetic operations and memory calculations can be performed using the sexagesimal system. Notation for sexagesimal is as follows:

Degree

Minute

Coordinate Conversions

Second

• Before performing a calculation, select the angular unit.

• The calculation result is automatically stored in the X and Y memories (

r or x in X memory, and θ or y in Y memory).

• The results of coordinate conversions will be displayed as decimal numbers even in the WriteView editor.

Rectangular coord. Polar coord.

Physical Constants and Metric Conversions

Calculations using physical constants

To recall a constant, press K, then select a physical constant from the list. (Each item is labeled with a 2-digit number.)

• To scroll up or down the list of constants, press u (l) or d (r).

Use @ u (l) or @ d (r) to jump to the ﬁ rst or last page.

• Enter the ﬁ rst digit of the 2-digit item number to jump to the page containing the number that begins with that digit.

• When you enter the second digit, the constant is displayed automatically according to the display and decimal placement settings.

• Physical constants can be recalled in NORMAL (excluding N-base), STAT, CPLX, MATRIX, LIST, and EQUATION modes.

• The following table lists the physical constants. See the calculation example sheet for physical constant symbols and units.

Note: Physical constants and metric conversions are based

on the 2006 CODATA recommended values, or on the 1995 Edition of the “Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)” released by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology).

No. Constant No. Constant

Stefan-Boltzmann constant

Speed of light in vacuum

Newtonian constant of gravitation Standard acceleration of

gravity Electron mass

Proton mass

Neutron mass

Muon mass

Atomic mass unit-kilogram

relationship Elementary charge

Planck constant

Boltzmann constant

Magnetic constant

Electric constant

Classical electron radius

Fine-structure constant

Bohr radius

Rydberg constant

Magnetic ﬂ ux quantum

Bohr magneton

Electron magnetic moment

Nuclear magneton

Proton magnetic moment

Neutron magnetic moment

Muon magnetic moment

Compton wavelength

Proton Compton wavelength

Avogadro constant

Molar volume of ideal gas

(273.15 K, 101.325 kPa) Molar gas constant

Faraday constant

Von Klitzing constant

Electron charge to mass

quotient Quantum of circulation

Proton gyromagnetic ratio

Josephson constant

Electron volt

Celsius Temperature

Astronomical unit

Parsec

Molar mass of carbon-12

Planck constant over 2 pi

Hartree energy

Conductance quantum

Inverse ﬁ ne-structure constant

Proton-electron mass ratio

Molar mass constant

Neutron Compton wavelength

First radiation constant

Second radiation constant

50 51

Characteristic impedance of vacuum

Standard atmosphere

Metric conversions

Enter a value to be converted, then press @ L, and select a metric conversion by entering its 2-digit number.

• The metric conversion list is used in the same manner as the list of physical constants.

• Unit conversions can be performed in NORMAL (excluding N-base), STAT, MATRIX, LIST, and EQUATION modes.

• The following table lists units used in metric conversion. See the calculation example sheet for the metric conversion reference table.

No. Remarks No. Remarks

01 in : inch 23 ﬂ oz(US) : ﬂ uid ounce (US)

cm : centimeter 24 mL : milliliter

02 03 ft : foot 25 ﬂ oz(UK) : ﬂ uid ounce (UK) 04 m : meter 26 mL : milliliter 05 yd : yard 27 cal 06 m : meter 28 J : joule 07 mi : mile 29 cal 08 km : kilometer 30 J : joule 09 n mi : nautical mile 31 calIT : calorie 10 m : meter 32 J : joule 11 acre : acre*

: square meter 34 W : watt

12 m 13 oz : ounce (avoirdupois) 35 ps : 14 g : gram 36 W : watt 15 lb : pound (avoirdupois) 37 (kgf/cm 16 kg : kilogram 38 Pa : pascal 17 °F : degree Fahrenheit 39 atm : atmosphere 18 °C : degree Celsius 40 Pa : pascal 19 gal (US) : gallon (US) 41 (1 mmHg = 1 Torr) 20 L : liter 42 Pa : pascal 21 gal (UK) : gallon (UK) 43 (kgf 22 L : liter 44 N

: calorie

: calorie (15°C)

33 hp : horsepower (UK)

m : newton meter

horsepower (metric)

)

*1 based on US survey foot

Calculations Using Engineering Preﬁ xes

Calculation can be executed in NORMAL mode (excluding N-base) using the following 9 types of preﬁ xes.

Preﬁ x Operation Unit

(kilo)

(Mega)

(Giga)

(Tera)

(milli)

(micro)

(nano)

(pico)

(femto)

N 3 0 N 3 1 N 3 2 N 3 3 N 3 4 N 3 5 N 3 6 N 3 7 N 3 8

Modify Function

–3

–6

–9

–12

–15

Decimal calculation results are internally obtained in scientiﬁ c notation, with up to 14 digits in the mantissa. However, since calculation results are displayed in the form designated by the display notation and the number of decimal places indicated, the internal calculation result may differ from that shown in the display. By using the modify function (@ n), the internal value is converted to match that of the display, so that the displayed value can be used without change in subsequent operations.

• When using the WriteView editor, if the calculation result is displayed using fractions or irrational numbers, press U to convert it to decimal form ﬁ rst.

• The modify function can be used in NORMAL, STAT, M ATRIX, or LIST modes.

Simulation Calculation (ALGB)

If you have to ﬁ nd values consecutively using the same expression, such as plotting a curve line for 2 variable values for 2

x + 2y =14, once you enter the expression,

+ 1, or ﬁ nding the

all you have to do is to specify the value for the variable in the equation.

Usable variables: A–F, M, X and Y

• Simulation calculations can only be executed in NORMAL mode.

• Calculation ending instructions other than = cannot be used.

Performing calculations

1. Press b 0.

2. Input an expression with at least one variable.

3. Press N 1.

4. The variable entry screen will appear. Enter a value,

then press e to conﬁ rm. The calculation result will be displayed after you have entered a value for each variable used in the equation.

• After completing the calculation, press N 1 to perform calculations using the same equation.

• Variables and numerical values stored in the memories will be displayed in the variable entry screen. If you do not want to change any values, simply press e.

• Performing simulation calculation will cause values in memory to be overwritten with new values.

Solver Function

The solver function ﬁ nds the value for x that reduces the entered expression to zero.

• This function uses Newton’s method to obtain an approximation. Depending on the function (e.g. periodic) or start value, an error may occur (ERROR 02) due to there being no convergence to the solution for the equation.

• The value obtained by this function may include a margin of error. If it is larger than acceptable, recalculate the solution after changing the “Start” and

dx values.

• Change the “Start” value (e.g. to a negative value) or dx value (e.g. to a smaller value) if:

• no solution can be found (ERROR 02).

• more than two solutions appear to be possible (e.g. a

cubic equation).

• to improve arithmetic precision.

• The calculation result is automatically stored in the X memory.

• Press j to exit the solver function.

Performing solver function

1. Press b 0.

2. Input an expression with an

x variable.

3. Press N 2.

4. Enter a “Start” value and press e. The default value is “0”.

5. Enter a

dx value (minute interval).

6. Press e.

STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS

Statistical calculations can be performed in STAT mode. There are eight sub-modes within STAT mode. Press b 1,

then press the number key that corresponds to your choice:

0 (S#a# 0 [SD]): Single-variable statistics 1 (S#a# 1 [LINE]): Linear regression 2 (S#a# 2 [QUAD]): Quadratic regression 3 (S#a# 3 [E_EXP]): Euler exponential regression 4 (S#a# 4 [LOG]): Logarithmic regression 5 (S#a# 5 [POWER]): Power regression 6 (S#a# 6 [INV]): Inverse regression 7 (S#a# 7 [G_EXP]): General exponential regression

Statistical Calculations and Variables

The following statistics can be obtained for each statistical calculation (refer to the table below):

Single-variable statistical calculation

Statistics of ① and the value of the normal probability function.

Linear regression calculation

Statistics of ① and ②. In addition, the estimate of (estimate

y´) and the estimate of x for a given y (estimate x´).

y for a given x

Quadratic regression calculation

Statistics of ① and ②, and coefﬁ cients a, b, c in the quadratic regression formula (

y = a + bx + cx

calculations, no correlation coefﬁ cient ( there are two

x´ values, each value will be displayed with “1:” or

). (For quadratic regression

r) can be obtained.) When

“2:”, and stored separately in the X and Y memories.

Euler exponential regression, logarithmic regression, power regression, inverse regression, and general exponential regression calculations

Statistics of ① and ②. In addition, the estimate of and the estimate of

x for a given y. (Since the calculator converts

y for a given x

each formula into a linear regression formula before actual calculation takes place, it obtains all statistics, except coefﬁ cients

b, from converted data rather than entered data.)

and

x–Mean of samples (x data)

Sample standard deviation (x data) Population standard deviation (x data)

σx

①

Number of samples Sum of samples (x data)

Σx

Sum of squares of samples (x data)

Σx

y–Mean of samples (y data)

Sample standard deviation (y data) Population standard deviation (y data)

σy

Sum of samples (y data)

Σy

Sum of squares of samples (y data)

Σy

②

Sum of products of samples (x, y)

Σx

Correlation coefﬁ cient

Coefﬁ cient of regression equation

Coefﬁ cient of quadratic regression equation

• Use ; and t to perform a variable calculation in STAT mode.

• U does not function in STAT mode.

Data Entry and Correction

Before entering new data, clear the memory contents (@ Z ).

Data entry

Single-variable data

Data _ Data H frequency _ (To enter multiples of the same

data)

Two-variable data

Data x H data y _

x H data y H frequency _ (To enter multiples

Data

of the same data

Note: Up to 100 data items can be entered. With the single-

variable data, a data item without frequency assignment is counted as one data item, while an item assigned with frequency is stored as a set of two data items. With the two-variable data, a set of data items without frequency assignment is counted as two data items, while a set of items assigned with frequency is stored as a set of three data items.

x and y)

Data correction

Correction before pressing _ immediately after a data entry:

Delete incorrect data with j, then enter the correct data.

Correction after pressing _:

Use u and d to display the previously entered data set. Press d to display the data set in ascending (oldest ﬁ rst)

order. To reverse the display order to descending (latest ﬁ rst), press the u key. Press @ u or @ d to jump the cursor to the beginning or end of the data set.

Each data set is displayed with “X:”, “Y:”, or “F:”.

Data set number

Data Frequency

Data set number Data

Data y Frequency

Display and move the cursor to the data item to be modiﬁ ed by using u and d, enter the correct value, then press _ or e.

• To delete a data set, display and move the cursor to an item of the data set to delete by using u and d, then press @ #. The data set will be deleted.

• To add a new data set, press j to exit the display of previously entered data and input the values, then press _.

Statistical Calculation Formulas

Type Regression formula Linear Quadratic Euler exponential Logarithmic Power

Inverse General exponential

y = a + bx y = a + bx + cx

y = a ⋅ e y = a + b ⋅ ln x

y = a ⋅ x y = a + b y = a ⋅ b

⎯

An error will occur when:

• The absolute value of the intermediate result or calculation result is equal to or greater than 1

× 10

100

• The denominator is zero.

• An attempt is made to take the square root of a negative number.

• No solution exists in the quadratic regression calculation.

Normal Probability Calculations

In STAT mode, the three probability density functions can be accessed under the MATH menu, with a random number used as a normal distribution variable.

Notes:

• P(t), Q(t), and R(t) will always take positive values, even when t < 0, because these functions follow the same principle used when solving for an area.

• Values for P(t), Q(t), and R(t) are given to six decimal places.

• The standardization conversion formula is as follows:

x − x

t =

—

σx

DRILL MODE

Math Drill: b 2 0 Math operation questions with positive integers and 0 are displayed randomly. It is possible to select the number of questions and operator type.

Multiplication Table (

× Table): b 2 1

Questions from each row of the multiplication table (1 to 12) are displayed serially or randomly.

To exit DRILL mode, press b and select another mode.

Using Math Drill and × Tab le

1. Press b 2 0 for Math Drill or b 2 1 for

× Tabl e.

2. Math Drill: Use u and d to select the number of

questions (25, 50, or 100).

× Tab le : Use u and d to select a row in the

multiplication table (1 to 12).

3. Math Drill: Use l and r to select the operator type for

questions (

+, −, ×, ÷, or +−×÷).

× Tab le : Use l and r to select the order type (“Serial”

or “Random”).

4. Press e to start.

When using Math Drill or questions are randomly selected and will not repeat except by chance.

× Table (random order only),

+ 11 hidden pages