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Í„=ÚÂÎ=Ófl ÔÌÛÒfl =В=pЬ~кй=qЙдЙЕзггмебЕ~нбзел=зС=bмкзйЙ=iбгбнЙЗ=
‚ВИ˜О„Б=МЪБ=ЪМ=VMPpe=ТЫННМФЩ˜О„Ъfl Á=ÓÔÌÒ=ÚÁÒ=ÌÛÒÁ˜‚„ÁÒ=
fl Ófl ÁÚÂÒ„ÁÒ=Ëfl Á=ÚÁÒ=ÈÌÁÓ„Ò=Òı „ÚÁË„Ò=‚Áfl ÚflÏ„ÁÒ=ÚÂÒ=̂·Áfl Ò=NVVVLRL„ËK
Ò½žÞ=ס¹ˇð˙½ğ =ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Ю³ž=fенЙкеЙн=эЧ− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=Ł ¹š˝ ½š=˚Þˇ= ˇ Þ½˝ł¹ ˇ¾− =½ž²=
ˇ ¼¦šÞ½Ðð¸²=ЏÝğ³ž²=³¼ýýş ¹¾ğ ³ž²W
ЬннйWLLпппKлЬ~кйJгзДбдЙKЕзг
„гˇłğł ¸
Ò¼ł₣ˇ ¹ž½¸¹Ðˇ=ł Ðˇ =½− =Þ˚− =³ˇ ²=PdLrjqp=½žÝ˚¾ğ Þ− I=VMPpeK
Ò₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=fl ¼½ş =½− Þ=ÌŠž łş =ı¹¸³ž²
fl ¼½ ş²= − =ÌŠž łş ²= ı ¹¸³ž²=³ ₣šŠÐ ˙ ³½žðš=×¹ −³šð½Ðð ˙ =łÐ ˇ =Þ ˇ =³ ˇ ²=
Ł−ž¦¸³šÐ=Þˇ=łÞ ğ¹˝ ³š½š=½Ð²=Š¼Þˇ½ş½ž½š²=ðˇ Ð=½Ð²=ݚн−¼¹ł˝ š²=½−¼=
½žÝš¾ ćÞ − ¼=³ ˇ ²I= ł¹¸ ł−¹ ˇ =ð ˇ Ð= ˇ×−½šÝš³ý ˇ ½Ðð ˙ K
ÒÂÍ„Á˜ÒÂ
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Òˇ ²=³¼Þг½−Ćýš= Þˇ =ð¹ˇ ½¸³š½š=₣ğ¹Ð³½˙=ˇÞ½˝ł¹ ˇ¾ˇ=ˇ×ş =şÝˇ =½ˇ =
³žýˇ Þ½Ðð˙ =ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þˇ =×− ¼=ך¹Ð˚₣−Þ½ ˇ Ð=³½ž=³¼³ðš¼¸=³ˇ ²K=Û׺=
− ¹Ð³ý˚Þš²=³¼Þ¦¸ðš²I=ý×− ¹š ˝ =Þ ˇ=₣ ˇ ¦ −ĆÞ=¸=Þˇ =½¹ −×− ×− О¦ −Ć Þ=
ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þˇ =³š=−×−Ðˇ Џ×− ½š=žÝšð½¹− ÞÐð¸=³¼³ðš¼¸=
ˇ ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž²K=·Ð ˇ=½−=Ýşł− = ˇ ¼½şI=ŠšÞ=ˇÞˇ ݡ ýŁ ˙ Þ− ¼ýš=ð ˇ ý˝ˇ =
š¼¦Ć Þž=łÐˇ =ˇ ×ć ÝšÐˇ =¸=ˇ₣ ¹¸³½š¼³ž=ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þğ ÞI=ğ ²=³¼Þ˚ ×šÐˇ=
š˝ ½š=ýž=×¹−Ł Ýš×ş ýšÞž²=₣ ¹¸³ž²I=š×г𚼸²I=ŁÝˇ Łć ÞI=
ˇ Þ½Ððˇ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž²=ýס ½ˇ ¹˝ˇ ²I=₣¹¸³ž²=ýš½˙=½ž=ݸþž=½ž²=
ðˇ ¦− ¹Ð³ý˚ Þž²=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ²=Žğ ¸²=½ž²=ýס½ˇ¹˝ˇ²=š˝½š=
−× −Ðˇ ³Š¸× −½š= ˙ÝÝž²= ˇÐ½˝ˇ ²K
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‚šÞ= ˇÞ ˇ Ý ˇ ýŁ ˙ Þ−¼ýš=ð ˇ ý ˝ˇ =𼦠ĆÞžI= ˚ ýýš³ ˇ =¸= ˙ ýš³ ˇ I= łÐˇ =
−Ðð −Þ −ýÐð ˚²= ˇ× ćݚК²=¸=ŠÐšðŠÐ𸳚в=½¹˝½ğÞ= ˇ×ş=½ž=₣¹¸³ž=
ˇ¼½−Ć =½ −¼=×¹ −İşÞ½ −²=ð ˇÐ=½ ğÞ=ݚн −¼¹ łÐ ćÞ=½ −¼I= ş× ğ²=ðÝ −׸=
ˇ¹Ð¦ý ćÞ=×г½ ğ½Ðð ćÞ=ð ˇ¹½ ćÞI= ˇ×ć ݚРˇ=¸=½¹ −× −× − ˝ž³ž=
ˇ×− ¦žðš¼ý ˚Þğ Þ=ŠšŠ− ý ˚Þğ ÞI=ðÝ×K
≥
⁄ Ýš²=−Ð=š×ğ Þ¼ý ˝ š²=š½ˇ Ð¹šÐćÞ=ð ˇ ÐL¸=×¹−İş Þ½ ğÞ= ˇ ×− ½šÝ −Ć Þ=
šý×− ¹Ðð˙ =³¸ ý ˇ½ˇ =ð ˇ ÐL¸=ðˇ½ˇ ½š¦˚ Þ½ˇ=³¸ ýˇ½ˇ =½ğ Þ=ˇ Þ½˝ ³½−Ð₣ğ Þ=
ðˇ ½ş₣ğ ÞK
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ÌÐ= ˇ×šÐð −Þ˝³šÐ²=½ž²= − ¦ ş Þž²=šÞŠ ˚₣ š½ ˇÐ=Þ ˇ=ŠÐ ˇ¾ ˚ ¹− ¼Þ= ˇ ׺ =
ˇ¼½ ˚²=× −¼=× ˇ¹− ¼³Ð ˙Ž− Þ½ ˇÐ=³½ −Þ=ÌŠž łş= ı¹¸³ž²K
ÌÐ=×Ýž¹ −¾ − ¹˝š²=× − ¼=ך¹Ð ł¹˙¾ − Þ½ ˇÐ=³š= ˇ¼½ ş =½ − Þ=ÌŠž łş =
ı¹¸³ž²=šÞŠ ˚₣š½ ˇÐ=Þ ˇ= ˇÝÝ ˙þ− ¼Þ=₣ğ ¹ ˝²=×¹ −šÐŠ −× − ˝ž³žK
≥
̹гý˚ Þš²=ˇ×ş=½Ð²=ݚн−¼¹ł˝š²=× −¼=ך¹Ðł¹˙ ¾−Þ½ˇÐ=³š=ˇ¼½ş=
½− Þ=ÌŠžłş =ı¹¸³ž²=šÞŠ˚₣š½ ˇÐ=Þˇ =ýž Þ =¼ ×− ³½ž¹˝Ž− Þ½ˇ Ð=ˇ×ş =şÝˇ =
½ˇ =Š˝ ð½¼ˇ K
≥
‚šÞ=ˇÞˇÝˇýŁ ˙Þ− ¼ýš=ðˇý˝ˇ =š¼¦Ć Þž=łÐˇ =ך¹Ðš₣ş ýšÞ−I=
×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²I=ðÝ×K=×−¼=˚ ₣−¼Þ=Ýž¾¦š˝=ˇ× ş=½−=Š˝ð½¼ −K
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„˝ Þˇ Ð=×Цˇ Þş I=ך¹Ð³½ˇ ³Ðˇ ð˙ I=Þˇ =ס ¹− ¼³Ðˇ ³½−Ć Þ=³½žÞ=− ¦ş Þž=
ýš¹Ðð˙ =ýˇĆ¹ ˇ =¸=¾ğ ½šÐÞ˙ =é áñÉä ëK=Óˇ¹ˇðˇÝ−Ć ýšI=³žýšÐć ³½š=ş ½Ð=
ˇ¼½ ş=ŠšÞ=š×ž¹š ˙ŽšÐ=ð ˇý˝ˇ=ˇ×ş =½Ð²=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=¸=½žÞ=
ˇ×ş Š− ³žK
ÓÞš¼ýˇ ½Ðð˙=ŠÐðˇÐć ýˇ½ˇ
ÒĆ ý¾ğ Þˇ =ýš=½žÞ=г₣Ć− ¼³ˇ =Þ− ý− ¦š³˝ˇ =ך¹˝ =×Þš¼ýˇ ½Ððć Þ=
ŠÐðˇÐğ ý˙½ğ ÞI=ž=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸I=½¹−×−×−˝ ž³ž=ðˇÐ=₣¹¸³ž=¼ÝÐð−Ć=
×− ¼=×¹− ³½ˇ ½šĆ 𽎠Ð=ˇ ׺ =½ž=Þ− ý− ¦š³˝ˇ =ך¹˝ =×Þš¼ýˇ ½Ððć Þ=
ŠÐðˇÐğ ý˙½ğ Þ=Eý− ¼³Ðð¸I=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²I=ðÝ×KF=š×н¹˚ ך½ˇ Ð=ýşÞ− Þ=
ł Ðˇ =×¹ − ³ğ ×Ðð¸=¸=ЊÐğ ½Ðð¸=₣ ¹¸³žK=„˙Þ= − =₣ ¹¸³½ž²=ŠšÞ=š˝Þˇ Ð=
ð˙ ½−₣− ²=šð½š½ˇ ý˚ Þğ Þ=×Þš¼ýˇ ½Ððć Þ=ŠÐðˇÐğ ý˙½ğ Þ=¸=Šš=ŠÐˇ¦˚ ½šÐ=
¹ž½¸=˚ł ð¹Ð³ž=ˇ×ş =½− Þ=ð˙½−₣− =½ğ Þ=×Þš¼ýˇ½ÐðćÞ=ŠÐð ˇÐğ ý˙½ğ Þ=
ł Ðˇ = ˇ Þ ˇ × ˇ ¹ ˇ łğł ¸I=½¹− ×− ×− ˝ž³ž=¸= ₣ ¹¸³ž=ˇÞ½Ðł¹˙ ¾ ğ Þ=× − ¼=
ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł ¸¦žðˇ Þ=¸=½¹−×−×− и¦žðˇ Þ=ðˇ ½D=ˇ ¼½ş =½− Þ=½¹ş×− I=½ş ½š=
ž=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸I=½¹−×−×−˝ ž³ž=ðˇ Ð=₣ ¹¸³ž=½−¼=¼ÝÐð−Ć=¦šğ¹š˝½ˇÐ=
ş ½Ð=ˇÞ½Ð½˝ ¦š½ˇ Ð=³½ž=Þ − ý− ¦š³˝ˇ =ך¹ ˝=×Þš¼ýˇ ½Ðð ć Þ=ŠÐðˇÐ ğ ý˙ ½ ğ Þ=
ðˇ Ð=ס ¹˚₣ 𽎠Ð=³½− Þ=ЊÐ− 𽸽ž=×Þš¼ýˇ ½Ððć Þ=ŠÐðˇÐğ ý˙½ğ Þ=½− =
ŠÐðˇ˝ğýˇ =˚łš¹³ž²=ˇ×ˇÐ½¸³šğ Þ=ˇ×− Žžý˝ğ ³ž²K=·Ðˇ =½− =Ýşł− =ˇ ¼½ş I=
³¼Þг½˙½ˇ Ð=ž=ˇ×− ¾¼ł ¸=ס¹˙Þ− ýž²=₣ ¹¸³ž²=½− ¼=¼ÝÐð−Ć =×− ¼=
×¹− ³½ˇ ½šĆ 𽎠Ð=ˇ×ş =×Þš¼ýˇ ½Ðð˙ =ŠÐðˇÐć ýˇ½ˇK
Úˇ =tбеЗзпл=ˇ ×− ½šÝ−ĆÞ=³¸ýˇ =ðˇ½ˇ ½š¦˚ Ю=½ž²=jбЕкзлзСн=
`зкйзк~нбзе=³½Р²=ВУfl =ðˇ ÐL¸=³š=˙ ÝÝš²=₣ć ¹š²K
„гˇłğł ¸N
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O„ Ð ³ˇłğł ¸
Ú− =×¹−İş Þ=ˇ ¼½ş=˚ ₣šÐ=ˇŠšÐ −Š−½ž¦š˝=ˇ× ş=½žЮ=jmbdJQ=sблм~д=m~нЙен=mзкнСздбз=
iбЕЙелЙ=łÐˇ =×¹−³ğ ×Ðð¸=ðˇ Ð=ýž=šý×− ¹Ðð¸=₣ ¹¸³ž=ˇ×ş =½− Þ=ðˇ½ˇÞˇÝ𠽸=ł Ðˇ =Eˇ F=
ðğ ŠÐð− ×−˝ ž³ž=Ł˝ Þ½š− =³Ć ý¾ğ Þˇ =ýš=½− =jmbdJQ=sáÇÉç=pí~åÇ~êÇ=E?jmbdJQ=
sáÇÉç?F=ðˇ ÐL¸=EŁ F=ˇ×− ðğ ŠÐð− ×− ˝ ž³ž=jmbdJQ=sáÇÉç=½−=−×−˝ −=˚ ₣ šÐ=
ðğ ŠÐð− ×− О¦š˝ =ˇ ׺ =½− Þ=ðˇ ½ˇ Þˇ Ý𠽸=³½ˇ =×ݡ˝ ³Ðˇ =×¹− ³ğ ×Ðð¸²=ðˇ Ð=ýž=
šý×− ¹Ðð¸²=йˇ ³½ž¹Ðş ½ž½ˇ ²=ðˇ ÐL¸=ˇ×− 𽸦žðš=ˇ×ş =˚Þˇ Þ=ˇ ŠšÐ−Š− ½žý˚Þ− =
ס ¹−₣˚ˇ =Ł˝ Þ½š− K=‚šÞ=ס ¹˚₣ 𽎠Ð=−Ć ½š=¼×− Þ− š˝ ½ˇ Ð=ðˇ ý˝ˇ =˙ ŠšÐˇ =ł Ðˇ =ðˇ ý˝ˇ =˙ ÝÝž=
₣ ¹¸³žK=Ó¹ş ³¦š½š²=×Ýž¹− ¾− ¹˝ š²=ý× − ¹−Ć Þ=Þˇ=Š − ¦−Ć Þ=ˇ× ş =½žÞ=jmbd=i^K=
„×Ð³ðš¾¦š˝ ½š=½žÞ=г½− ³šÝ˝Šˇ =ЬннйWLLпппKгйЙЦд~KЕзгK
Ú− =×¹−İş Þ=˚₣ šÐ=ˇ ŠšÐ− Š−½ž¦š˝=ˇ× ş=½žЮ=jmbdJQ=pулнЙгл=m~нЙен=mзкнСздбз=
iбЕЙелЙ=łÐˇ =ðğ ŠÐð−×−˝ ž³ž=Ł˝ Þ½š− =³Ć ý¾ğÞˇ =ýš=½− =jmbdJQ=pулнЙгл=pн~еЗ~кЗI=
šр½ş ²=š˙ Þ=ˇ×ˇ Ð½š˝½ˇ Ð=×¹ş ³¦š½ž=˙ ŠšÐˇ =ðˇ Ð=ðˇ½ˇŁ− ݸ=ŠÐðˇÐğ ý˙½ğ Þ=łÐˇ =½žÞ=
ðğ ŠÐð− ×−˝ ž³ž=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=E ˇ F=ŠšŠ− ý˚ Þˇ =ˇ ×− ¦žðš¼ý˚ Þˇ =¸=ˇ Þ½Ðł ¹ˇ ýý˚ Þˇ =³š=
¾¼³Ðð˙ =ý˚³ˇ =½ˇ=− ×− ˝ˇ =š˝Þˇ Ð=×Ýž¹ğý˚ Þˇ =³š=ý˝ˇ =Ł˙ ³ž=½˝ ½Ý− =×¹− ²=½˝ ½Ý− =ðˇ ÐL¸=EŁ F=
ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þˇ =½ˇ =−×−˝ˇ =ˇ ×− ½šÝ−Ć Þ=Ł− ¸¦šÐˇ =³š=ý˝ˇ =Ł˙ ³ž=½˝ ½Ý− =×¹− ²=½˝ ½Ý− =ðˇ Ð=
ýš½ˇŠ˝Š− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½− Þ=½šÝÐðş=₣ ¹¸³½ž=łÐˇ =ýş ÞÐýž=ˇ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ ž=ðˇ ÐL¸=₣ ¹¸³žK=
Ú˚ ½− К²=×¹ş ³¦š½š²=˙ ŠšÐš²=ý×− ¹−Ć Þ=Þˇ =Š− ¦−Ć Þ=ˇ ׺ =½žÞ=jmbd=i^I=ii`K=
„×Ð³ðš¾¦š˝ ½š=½žÞ=г½− ³šÝ˝Šˇ =ЬннйWLLпппKгйЙЦд~KЕзг=łÐˇ =×¹ş ³¦š½š²=
×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²K
jmbd=i~óÉêJP=½š₣Þ−Ý−ł˝ˇ=ð ğ ŠÐð−×−˝ ž³ž²=ý− ¼³Ðð¸²=ˇ ŠšÐ−Š− ½žý˚ Þž=ˇ×ş =½Ð²=
cк~меЬзСЙк=ffp=рˇ Р=qЬзглзеK
ı¹¸³Ðýš²=Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=ðˇÐ=Ûמ¹š³˝š²
Ú −=½žÝ ˚ ¾ ğÞ −=³ ˇ ²=×¹ −³¾ ˚ ¹šÐ=½ ˇ =× ˇ¹ ˇ ð ˙ ½ğ= ₣ ˇ ¹ ˇ 𽞹г½Ðð ˙W
≥
Ëݸ³šÐ²=sáÇÉçK=Í× −¹š ˝ ½š=Þ ˇ =³¼Þ −ýÐÝš ˝½š=ð ˇ Ð=½ ˇ ¼½ş₣¹ − Þˇ =Þ ˇ =
ŁÝ˚ ך½š= −=˚ Þˇ ²=½ −Þ= ˙ÝÝ −=³½Ð²= −¦ şÞš²=³ ˇ²K
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÷ ł₣¹ ğý ˇ =× ˇ Ð ₣Þ ˝ ŠÐ ˇ =ð ˇ Ð = š¾ ˇ ¹ý −ł˚ ² = Pa=g~î~ ∑=ýš=š×н ˇ₣ ¼Þ½¸=
ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð ćÞK=Í× −¹š ˝½š= ˇð şýž=Þˇ =?ðˇ ½šŁ˙ ³š½š?=ŠÐ˙¾−¹ ˇ =סÐ₣Þ ˝ ŠÐˇ=
ð ˇ Ð=š¾ ˇ ¹ý −ł˚ ²=½ž²=sçÇ~ÑçåÉ=ý ˚ ³ ğ=½ −¼=гзДбдЙ=fенЙкеЙнK
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„Þ³ğýˇ ½ğý˚ Þž=Ğ ž¾Ðˇ ð¸=Ł ÐÞ½š−ð˙ ýš¹ˇ=ł Ðˇ =½ž=Ý¸Ğ ž=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðć Þ=ðˇ Р=обЗЙз=ЕдбйлK
≥
Țн −¼¹ ł˝ˇ = ł Ðˇ =½žÞ= ˇ Þ ˙ ł Þ ğ ³ž=ð ˇ Ð=½ž=ŠžýÐ −¼¹ ł˝ˇ=ýžÞ¼ý ˙ ½ ğ Þ=pjpK
≥
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ =jjp=EjмднбгЙЗб~=jЙлл~ЦбеЦ=pЙкобЕЙлF=łÐˇ =½žÞ=
×¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸=½− ¼=½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=³ˇ ²=ýš=×− ÝÝ−Ć ²=½¹ş×− ¼²K
≥
bã~áä=łÐˇ =ˇ ×− ³½− ݸ=ý˚₣¹Ð=PMM=h_=ðˇÐ=ݸ Ğž=ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=ýš=
³¼Þžýý˚Þˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇK
≥
÷ł₣ ¹ğ ý− =t^m=ДкзплЙк=ł Ðˇ =×¹ş ³Łˇ ³ž=³½Ð²=×Ýž¹− ¾− ¹˝ š²=½− ¼=
гзДбдЙ=fенЙкеЙнK
≥
Ú− ¼²=×¹− ³ğ ×Ðð−Ć ²=³ˇ ²=¸₣− ¼²=ðˇ Р=обЗЙз=р− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²K=
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š==Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×− и³š½š=½− ¼²=¸₣− ¼²=¸=½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ =обЗЙз=
Едбй=Ч− ¼=˚₣ š½š=ðˇ ½šŁ˙ ³šÐ=ğ ²=¸₣− =¸=обЗЙз=Едбй=
р− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²K
≥
fl Þˇ ס ¹ˇ łğł¸=ý− ¼³Ðð¸²=×− ¼=ý×− ¹š ˝ =Þˇ =ˇ Þˇ ס ¹˙ łšÐ= ˇ ¹₣ š ˝ˇ =
¸₣− ¼=½ž²=ý− ¹¾¸²=jmPI=^^`=ðˇÐ=^^`
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fl Þ ˇ × ˇ ¹ ˇ łğł¸=½ ğ Þ= ˇ ¹₣š ˝ ğÞ=¸ ₣− ¼=ð ˇ Р=обЗЙз=Едбй=Ч−¼= ˚₣ š½š=
+
K
?ðˇ ½šŁ˙ ³šÐ?K
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Țн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=ž ₣−ł¹˙ ¾ž³ž²=¾ğ Þ¸²=łÐˇ =½žÞ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸=ðˇ Ð=
½žÞ=ž₣−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³ž=¾ğ Þž½Ððć Þ=ˇ×− ³×ˇ ³ý˙½ğ ÞK
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Ê Ć¹ ˇ = ˇ ³ ùý ˇ ½ž²=³ ĆÞŠš³ž²=
_дмЙнззнЬГ= łÐ ˇ =½žÞ=š×Ðð −ÐÞ ğÞ ˝ˇ =
ðˇ Ð=½ž=ý𽎠¾− ¹˙ =ŠšŠ− ý˚ Þğ Þ=ýš=ŠÐ˙ ¾− ¹š²=³¼³ðš¼˚ ²K=
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ý𽎾˚ ¹š½š=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²I=¸₣− ¼²=ðˇР=обЗЙз=Едбйл=
³š=½žÝ˚¾ğ Þˇ =ýš=₣ˇ¹ˇ 𽞹г½Ðð˙ =l_buK
≥
ÊĆ ¹ˇ =¼×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ Þ=ł Ðˇ =½žÞ=š×Ðð− ÐÞğ Þ˝ˇ =ŠšŠ− ý˚ Þğ ÞK=Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=
Þˇ =ý𽎠¾˚ ¹š½š=¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ š²I=¸₣− ¼²=ðˇ Р=обЗЙз=Едбйл=³š=
½žЭ˚¾ğ Þˇ =ýš=₣ˇ¹ˇ 𽞹г½Ðð˙ =l_buK
≥
Țн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =³¼ł₣ ¹− Þгý−Ć =ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þğ Þ=łÐˇ =½žÞ=šÞžý˚¹ğ ³ž=
½ğ Þ=ðˇ ½ˇ₣𠹸³šğ Þ=½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס ¾ć Þ=ýš=½− =fенЙкеЙнK
≥
Țн − ¼¹ ł˝ˇ= ₣ ¹ − Þ − ŠÐ ˇł¹ ˙ ýý ˇ½− ²= ł Ð ˇ =½ž=ŠžýÐ − ¼¹ ł˝ˇ =ð ˇÐ=½žÞ=
ˇ×− ³½− ݸ=ð ˇ½ ˇ₣𹸳š ğÞ= ₣¹ −Þ −ŠÐ ˇł¹ ˙ýý ˇ½− ²=ýš=¹¼¦ý ˝³šÐ²=
šÐŠ −× − ˝ ž³ž²K
≥
÷þ −Š − ²=sáÇÉçK=Í× − ¹š ˝½š=Þ ˇ=³¼ÞŠ ˚³š½š=½ − =½žÝ ˚¾ğ Þ ş =³ ˇ ²=³š=
˙ÝÝš²=³¼³ðš¼ ˚²I=ş× ğ²=½žÝš ş¹ˇ³ž=¸=обЗЙзI=рˇР=Юˇ=
×¹ −Ł˙ ÝÝš½š=ŠšŠ −ý˚ Þ ˇ =g~î~ ∑I=¾ ğ½ −ł¹ ˇ ¾ ˝ š²=¸=обЗЙз=ЕдбйлK
≥
Íš=½žÞ=šÞ³ğýˇ ½ğý˚ Þž=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸=ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=
³ˇ ¹ć ³š½š=ðš˝ ýšÞˇ =ðˇ Ð=ł ¹ˇ ýýÐð−Ć ²=ðğ ŠÐð−Ć ²=ðˇ Ð=Þˇ =
ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł ¸³š½š=ðğŠÐð−Ć ²=noK
≥
Û×−Š−₣ ¸=ð˙ ¹½ˇ ²=ýÞ¸ýž²=ãáåápa∑ I=ž=−×−˝ˇ =š×šð½š˝ ÞšÐ=½Ð²=
Š¼Þˇ½ş ½ž½š²=³Ć ÞŠš³ž²=ýš=˚Þˇ Þ=¼×−Ý−ł г½¸I=
₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− Ðć Þ½ˇ²=½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇ =ýÞ¸ýž²K
„гˇłğł ¸P
Óš¹Ðš₣ş ýšÞˇ
„гˇłğł ¸ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK N
Ú− =ÚžÝ˚ ¾ğ Þş =³ˇ ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK T
ÏšðÐÞć Þ½ˇ ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKU
Ú − × − ¦ ˚½ž³ž=½ž²=Ë ˙¹½ ˇ ²=pfj=ð ˇ Ð=½ž²=Í× ˇ ½ ˇ ¹ ˝ˇ ²KKKNN
fl¾ ˇ˝¹š³ž=½ž²=Ë ˙¹½ ˇ²=pfj=ð ˇÐ=½ž²=Íס½ ˇ¹ ˝ˇ² KKKKKKK NO
Ùş ¹½Ð³ž=½ž²=Íס½ˇ¹˝ˇ ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NP
Ú− ×− ¦˚ ½ž³ž=½ž²=Ë˙¹½ˇ²=ÍÞ¸ýž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NQ
fl ¾ˇ˝ ¹š³ž=½ž²=Ë˙ ¹½ˇ ²=ÍÞ¸ýž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNQ
ÒĆ ÞŠš³ž=½ğ Þ=Ò½š¹š− ¾ğ ÞÐðć Þ=Ù− ¹ž½ć Þ=
fl ð− ¼³½Ðð ć Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NR
„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž=ðˇ Ð=fl ךޚ¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž=½− ¼=
ڞݚ¾ćÞ− ¼³ˇ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NR
ËÝš˝Šğ ýˇ =½− ¼=ÓÝžð½¹−Ý−ł˝ − ¼ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNR
„ÞŠš˝ þšÐ²=−¦ş Þž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NS
¿Þ−Ðłýˇ =½− ¼=½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=³ˇ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NT
Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=ÓÝ−¸ł ž³ž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNV
ı¹¸³ž=ýš=½žÞ= −¦ şÞž=³½žÞ=ð ˇÞ− ÞÐð¸=¦ ˚³ž KKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NV
Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=Ùğ Þž½Ðð¸²=Ëݸ³ž²LËݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK OM
Ó¹ˇłý ˇ½− ×− ˝ ž³ž=ý˝ˇ²=Ùğ Þž½Ðð¸²=Ëݸ³ž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKK OM
Úˇ₣ š˝ˇ =Ëݸ³ž KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKON
„סÞ˙ ðÝž³ž KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKON
fl ×˙ Þ½ž³ž=ý˝ˇ ²=ÙğÞž½Ðð¸²=Ëݸ³ž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKON
ÍšÞ−Ć =Ëݸ³šğ Þ=EÙğ Þž½Ðð¸=ðݸ³žF KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKOO
Ó¹ˇłý ˇ½− ×− ˝ ž³ž=ý˝ˇ²=Ëݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK OR
fl ×˙ Þ½ž³ž=³š=ý˝ˇ=Ëݸ³ž=sáÇÉç KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKOS
QÓ š ¹ Ð š₣şýšÞˇ
ÍšÞ−Ć =Ëݸ³šğ Þ=EËݸ³ž=sáÇÉçF KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK OS
„гˇłğł ¸=ıˇ ¹ˇ 𽸹ğ Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK OV
flÝÝ ˇł¸=½ž²=·Ý ć³³ ˇ²=„г ˇłğł¸² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PM
flÝÝ ˇł¸=½ž²=Íš¦ şŠ −¼=„г ˇłğł¸² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PM
Ú− =ÈšþÐðş =ý− ¼ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PM
ı ¹¸³ž=Ó¹−½Ć ×ğ Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PN
ı¹¸³ž=½ −¼=ÍšÞ −Ć KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PO
ËĆ ¹Ð− =ýšÞ−Ć KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PO
ÓÝ¸ð½¹ˇ =Ò¼Þ½ş ýš¼³ž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PP
È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס ¾ć Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PQ
flÝÝ ˇł¸=³šÐ¹ ˙²= −Þ −ý ˙½ğ Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PQ
flÝÝ ˇł¸=½ž²=È ˝³½ ˇ²=× −¼=„ý¾ ˇÞ ˝Žš½ˇÐ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PQ
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=½ž²=ÍÞ¸ýž²=fl× − ¦¸ðš¼³ž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PQ
Úˇ þÐÞş ýž³ž=½ğ Þ=ˡ ½ˇ₣𠹸³šğÞ=È˝³½ˇ²=
„ס¾ć Þ= KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PR
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=Î˚ˇ²=„ס ¾¸² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PR
Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=Èš×½− ýš¹šÐć Þ=³½Ð²=„ס¾˚²=ý− ¼ KKKKKKKKKKKKKK PR
fl Þ½Ðł¹ ˇ ¾¸=ˡ ½ˇ ₣𹸳šğ Þ=È ˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס ¾ć Þ=ýš½ ˇþĆ =
Ë˙ ¹½ˇ ²=pfj= ðˇ Ð=Ò¼³ð𼏲 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PR
„Ć ¹š³ž=ÌÞş ýˇ ½− ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PS
Ëݸ³ž=ˇ×ş =½ž=È˝³½ˇ=„ס¾ć Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PS
„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ =ˡ½ˇ₣𠹸³šğ Þ=½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=
„ס¾ć Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PS
fl ޽г½− ˝ ₣ž³ž=◊₣− ¼=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²=¸=sáÇÉç=`äáé=
Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²=³š=ð˙ ¦š=ˡ ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PT
‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=ˡ½ˇ₣𠹸³šğ Þ=½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć Þ KKKKKKKPT
‚Ðˇ₣š ˝ ¹Ð³ž=ˡ ½žł− ¹˝ˇ ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKPT
Ìý˙ Šš²=š×ˇ¾ć Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKPU
ˡ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ÍÞ¸ýž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKPV
È˝ ³½ˇ =Úˇ₣ š˝ˇ ²=Ëݸ³ž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKPV
fl ×− ³½ − ݸ=ý ˝ˇ ²=ˡ ½ˇ ₣ć¹ž³ž²=È ˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć Þ KKKKKKKKPV
ȸРž=ý˝ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKPV
fl ×− ³½ − ݸ=ÍžÞ Ć ý ˇ ½− ²=Ù ğ Þž½Ðð −Ć = fl ×− ³× ˙ ³ýˇ ½− ²=¸=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=sáÇÉç=`äáé=ı ¹ž³Ðý−×−Ðć Þ½ˇ ²=ý˝ˇ =
‚ÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=ˇ×ş =½ž=È˝³½ˇ=„ס¾ć Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQM
Ò¼ł₣ ¹− Þгýş ²=ˡ ½ˇ₣𠹸³šğ Þ=È˝ ³½ˇ²=„ס¾ć Þ=ýš=
ˇ ¼½˚ ²=×−¼=¼× ˙ ¹₣− ¼Þ=³½ − =fенЙкеЙн KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQM
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQN
ȸРž=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðć Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQN
„łł ¹ˇ ¾¸=sáÇÉç=`äáéë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQO
ı ¹¸³ž=½−¼=ÍšÞ−Ć =„×ÐÝ−łć Þ=ýš=½žÞ=̦ş Þž=³½ž=
Ê˚ ³ž=Ó¹−Ł− ݸ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQO
Ë− ÐÞ˚ ²=Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=ł Ðˇ =½ž=Țн−¼¹ł˝ˇ =
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ð𸲠͞₣ˇ Þ¸²=ðˇ Ð=½ž=Țн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =
sáÇÉç KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQO
Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQR
Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=‡ÐÞ½š−ð˙ ý𹎠² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQT
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQV
pjp KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQV
jjp KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQV
bã~áä KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQV
‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =Î˚− ¼=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKRM
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKRS
sçÇ~ÑçåÉ=äáîÉ> KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKSM
Óš¹Ð¸ł ž³ž=³š=ý˝ˇ =ÒšÝ˝Šˇ =t^m KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKSN
Í− ¼³Ðð¸ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKSP
flÞ ˇ× ˇ¹ ˇłğł¸=Í −¼³Ð𸲠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKSP
Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKSR
Ù ğ½ −ł¹ ˇ ¾ ˝ š² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKSR
◊₣−Ð=C=Ë −¼Š −¼Þ ˝³ýˇ½ ˇ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKSS
sбЗЙзл KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKST
¿ЭЭˇ =÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKST
Ë− ÐÞ˙ =ÍšÞ−Ć =„×ÐÝ−łć Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKSU
Óˇ Ð₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł ˚ ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKTN
Ó¹ş ½¼×ˇ =Ëš˝ ýšÞˇ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKTN
ˡ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ÍÞ¸ýž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKTN
‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKTO
Óˇ Ð₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł ˚ ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKTO
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKTQ
qs=C=sáÇÉç KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKTS
fl½Ž ˚Þ½ ˇ=C=„¹ ł ˇÝš ˝ˇ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKUM
Âýš¹−ÝşłÐ− KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKUM
ϼ×Þž½¸¹Ðˇ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKUP
fl ¹Ð¦ý−ýž₣ ˇ Þ¸ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKUQ
Â₣−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³ž=Ùğ Þ¸² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKUR
Òˇ ¹ğ ½¸² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKUS
bJ_ççâ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKUT
ı ¹− Þ ş ýš½¹ − KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKUU
„¹łˇ³˝ š² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKUU
Óˇł ðş ³ýÐˇ =›¹ˇ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKVM
fl Þ½˝ ³½¹−¾ž=Í ˚ ½¹ž³ž KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKVM
Óš¹Ðš₣ş ýšÞˇ R
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž=„þşŠğ Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKVM
‡− ¸¦šÐˇ =ڞݚ¾ćÞ− ¼ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKVN
„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²=pfj KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK VO
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK VP
Ó¹−¾˝ Ý KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK VP
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=½ž²=̦ş Þž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKVT
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=◊₣− ¼ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNMM
Âýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ =C=›¹ˇ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNMM
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=·Ýć ³³ˇ ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NMN
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=Ëݸ³šğ Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NMO
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=Ëݸ³šğ Þ=sáÇÉç KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNMS
fl ³¾˙ ÝšÐˇ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NMT
„×ˇÞˇ¾− ¹˙ =Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šğ Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNMU
fl¹₣ š ˝−=Ëݸ³š ğÞ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK N MV
Íš½¹ž½˚ ²=Ëݸ³šğ Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NMV
Íš½¹ž½¸²=‚šŠ−ý˚ Þğ Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NMV
Ëş ³½− ²=Ëݸ³šğÞ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NNM
Ò¼ÞŠš³Ðýş ½ž½ˇ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNNN
_дмЙнззнЬ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNNN
ЫЧ˚ ¹¼¦¹š² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NNP
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=‚Ðð½Ć− ¼ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNNQ
Țн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =³š=×½¸³ž KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NNR
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šР²=fенЙкеЙн KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNNR
Л˙ ¹½ˇ =ÍÞ¸ýž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NNS
ÒĆ ÞŠš³ž=½− ¼=VMPpe=ýš=½− Þ=Û×− Ý−ł г½¸=Òˇ ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNNU
fl ס н¸³šÐ²=Ò¼³½¸ýˇ½− ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNNU
Íş Ю½šэ=PdLdpj KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NNU
e~еЗлЙн=j~е~ЦЙк KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NNV
„ł ðˇ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=È−łÐ³ýÐð−Ć KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NNV
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNNV
fl Þ½Ðýš½ć×гž=Ó¹−Ł Ýžý˙½ğ Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NOM
Û×− Šš˝ þšÐ²=fl ³¾ˇ Ýš˝ˇ ²=ðˇ Ð=⁄¹− Ð=ı ¹¸³ž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NOO
ÌÔÌÁ=ı ФВТВТ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NOO
У„ФБ‡fl ИИМО KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NOR
УФМЩЫИfl Ï„ÁÒ=Òı „ÚÁËfl =Í„=ÚÂ=ı ÔÂÒÂ=Ò„=
Ìı ÂÍfl Úfl KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NOR
p^o KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NOR
УИВФМЩМФБ„Т=Тı „ÚÁËfl =Í„=ÚÂÎ=fl УМФФБˆВ=
„ПМУИБТНМЫ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NOS
УФМЩЫИfl Ï„ÁÒ=·Áfl=ıÔÂÒÂ=ÒÚÁÒ=ÂÓfl KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NOT
Úš₣ ÞÐð˙=ıˇ¹ˇ 𽞹г½Ðð˙ =ðˇ Ð=Ó¹−ˇ йš½Ðð˙=ˇ þš³−¼˙ ¹ KKKKK NOV
Úš₣ ÞÐð˙=ıˇ¹ˇ 𽞹г½Ðð˙ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NOV
Ó¹−ˇ йš½Ðð˙=ˇ þš³−¼˙ ¹ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NOV
„¼¹š½¸¹Ð− KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NPM
È˝ ³½ˇ =½ğ Þ=Țн− ¼¹ł Ðć Þ=ÍšÞ−Ć KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NPO
SÓ š ¹ Ð š₣şýšÞˇ
Ú−=ÚžÝ˚¾ ğÞş=³ˇ²
Óˇ ¹ˇ ðˇ Ý−Ć ýšI=šÝ˚ł þ½š=×¹− ³šð½Ðð˙=½ˇ =ס¹ˇð˙½ğ K=Ú− =×ݸ¹š²=
ס ð˚ ½− =ס ¹˙ Š− ³ž²=½− ¼=½žÝš¾ć Þ− ¼=³ˇ ²=×¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =ך¹Ð˚₣ šÐ=½ˇ =
šþ¸²W
≥
ÚžÝ ˚ ¾ ğÞ −=Pd=ErjqpFLdpj=VMMLNUMMLNVMMLdmop
≥
Í× ˇ½ ˇ ¹ ˝ˇ =Á şÞ½ ğÞ=ÈЦ ˝−¼
≥
Ë˙ ݼýýˇ =Íס ½ˇ ¹˝ˇ ²
≥
Ù −¹½Ð³½¸=šÞ ˇ ÝÝ ˇ ³³ şýšÞ − ¼=¹š Ć ýˇ ½ − ²=E^`F
≥
Ò½š¹š −¾ ğ ÞÐð ˙ =Ù −¹ž½ ˙= fl ð−¼³½Ðð ˙
≥
ÌŠž łş²=ı ¹¸³ž²
≥
·¹¸ ł−¹ −²=ÌŠž łş²=÷Þ ˇ ¹þž²
≥
`aJolj
≥
Ë ˙ ¹½ ˇ =ýÞ¸ýž²=ãáåápa ∑
≥
Ë ˇ Ý ćŠÐ −=sáÇÉç
Ú− =ÚžÝ˚ ¾ğÞş=³ˇ²T
ÏšðÐÞć Þ½ˇ²
21
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
UÏ š ð Ð ÞćÞ½ˇ²
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
23
22
24
25
26
27
28
29
24
30
31
32
NK flð− ¼³½Ððş
OK ÓÝ¸ð½¹ˇ =ÓÝ−¸ł ž³ž²=EÓÝ¸ð½¹ˇ =‡˚Ý− ¼²FW
a=b=c=d
ÓÝ¸ð½¹ˇ=Ł ˚Ý− ¼²
„×˙Þğ LË˙½ğ W=
fl ¹Ð³½š¹ ş=×ݸ𽹠− =
Ł˚Ý −¼²W=
‚šþ˝ =×ݸð½¹−=Ł˚Ý − ¼²W= „ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½− =ýžÞÐˇ˝−=¸=
PK ËšÞ½¹Ððş =×ݸð½¹− W„ ý ¾ˇÞ˝ŽšÐ=½−=ËùÐ−=ýšÞ−Ć=³½žÞ=
QK fl ¹Ð³½š¹ş =Óݸð½¹−=
„Ý˚ł₣− ¼W
A
RK Óݸð½¹−=fl ×− ³½− ݸ²L
„סÞ˙ ðÝž³ž²W
D
SK Óݸð½¹− =Ò¼Þ½şýš¼³ž²W SflÞ− ˝łšÐ=½−=ýšÞ−Ć=³¼Þ½−ýšĆ³šğÞ=
TK Óݸð½¹− =½žÝš¾ğÞž½¸W
G
Íš½ˇ ðÐÞ−Ć Þ=½− =й−ý˚ˇ =łÐˇ =½−=
ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹Ð³ýˇ =šÞş ²=³½− Ð₣ š˝− ¼=½− ¼=
ýšÞ−Ć =ðÝ×K
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½Ð²=ðˇ½ˇ₣𹸳šÐ²=½ž²=
È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס ¾ć Þ=³½žÞ=ðˇ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=
ˇ Þˇ ý− Þ¸²K
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½ˇ=šÐ ³ š ¹₣ş ýšÞˇ=ýžÞ Ćý ˇ½ˇ=
³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²K
šŁ Š− ýˇ ŠÐˇ˝ − =žýš¹− Ýşł Ð− =³½žÞ=
ðˇ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇ Þˇ ý− Þ¸²K
ðˇ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇ Þˇ ý− Þ¸²=ðˇ Ð=šð½šÝš˝=
½Ð²=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ š²K
„ð½šÝš˝ =½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =×− ¼=
šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ð˙½ğ =ˇ ¹Ð³½š¹˙ =³½žÞ=
− ¦ş ÞžK
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½− =ÍšÞ−Ć=ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ=
³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²K
Ó¹ˇłý ˇ½− ×− К˝ =¸=ˇ×− Š˚₣ 𽎠Ð=
ðݸ³šÐ²I=šý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −=
ðݸ³šğ Þ=³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=
ˇ Þ ˇ ý−Þ¸²K
ć³½š=Þ ˇ= ˇ× −𽸳š½š=×¹ ş³ َ³ž=
³½Ð²=𾎠¹ý−ł˚ ²=×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− =ł Ðˇ =Þˇ=
³¼ÞŠš¦š˝ ½š=ýš=½− =Ë˚ Þ½¹−=
ڞݚ¾ğ Þž½¸=Ešþˇ ¹½˙½ˇ Ð=ˇ×ş =½žÞ=
ð˙ ¹½ˇ =pfjFK
UK Óݸð½¹−= * LpÜáÑíW
P
VK ‡− ž¦ž½Ðð¸=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸=E„³ğ ½š¹Ðð¸=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ¾Ðð¸=
Íž₣ˇ Þ¸F
NMK ËĆ ¹Ðˇ =̦ş Þž
NNK ÍÐð¹ş¾ğÞ− =Eş½ˇ Þ=ž=−¦ş Þž=ٹ˝ ³ð𽎠Ð=³½ž=¦˚ ³ž=×¹−Ł− ݸ²F
NOK ‚šþ˝ =Óݸð½¹− =„Ý˚ł₣− ¼W
C
NPK Óݸð½¹− =Úš¹ýˇ ½Ð³ý−Ć =
ðˇ Ð=„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž²L
fl ךޚ¹ł− × − ˝ ž³ž²W
F
NQK Óݸð½¹− =‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸²L
„×г½¹− ¾¸²W
U
NRK Óݸð½¹− =ý− ¼³Ðð¸²W
E
NSK ÓÝžð½¹−ÝşłÐ−
„Þˇ ÝÝ˙ ³³šÐ=½− Þ=½Ć×− =½ğ Þ=
₣ ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹 ğ Þ=ýš½ˇþ Ć =½š³³˙¹ ğ Þ=
š×ÐÝ−łć ÞW=^ÄÅI=^_`I=NOP=ðˇ Ð=~ÄÅ=
³½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=šÐ³ˇłğł ¸²=ðšÐý˚Þ− ¼K
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙³½ˇ ³ž=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²=
ł Ðˇ =Þ ˇ =šÐ³ ˙ ł š½š=mI=\I=J=¸=
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− =
³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ=
ðÝšÐŠć ³š½š=½− =×Ýžð½¹−ÝşłÐ−K
„ð½šÝš˝ =½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=× − ¼=
šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ð˙½ğ =ŠšþÐ˙ =³½žÞ=−¦ş ÞžK
Ó¹ş³Łˇ ³ž=³½− =?sçÇ~ÑçåÉ=äáîÉ>?=ýš=
½− =˙ Þ− Ðł ýˇ =½− ¼=×¹−ł ¹˙ ýýˇ ½− ²=
ך¹Ð¸ł ž³ž²=³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=
ˇ Þˇ ý− Þ¸²K
Úš¹ýˇ½˝ ŽšÐ=ý˝ˇ =ðݸ³ž=ðˇ Ð=
šÞš¹ł− ×− К˝ Lˇ ךޚ¹ł− ×− К˝ =½− =
½žÝ˚¾ğ Þ− K
‚Ðˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ=½− ¼²=₣ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²=
ˇ ¹Ð³½š¹˙ =ˇ ׺ =½ − =й − ý ˚ˇ I=
š×г½¹˚ ¾šÐ=³½žÞ=×¹−žł−Ć ýšÞž=
− ¦ş ÞžI=ðÝ×K
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½− =ÍšÞ−Ć =Í− ¼³Ðð¸²=
³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²K
*
K
ÏšðÐÞć Þ½ˇ ²V
NTK Óݸ𽹠−=@LÒÐ ğ×žÝ şW R„ý¾ ˇÞ ˝ ŽšÐ=½žÞ= −¦ ş Þž=³¼ýŁşÝ ğÞ=³½žÞ=
−¦ şÞž=šÐ³ ˇ łğł¸²=ðšÐý ˚Þ −¼K
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− =ł Ðˇ=
šÞˇ Ýݡł ¸=½ğ Þ=łÝğ ³³ć Þ=³½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=
šÐ³ˇłğł ¸²=ðšÐý˚Þ− ¼K
„Þš¹ł− ×− К˝ =ðˇ Ð=ˇ ךޚ¹ł− ×− К˝ =½− =
¾Ýˇ ²Lšþ𠽚¹Ððş =¾ğ ½Ð³ýş =³½ž=
ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸²K
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− =³½žÞ=
ðˇ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇ Þˇ ý− Þ¸²=ł Ðˇ =šÞˇ Ýݡł ¸=
ýš½ˇþĆ =½ğ Þ=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šğ Þ=½− ¼=Ó¹−¾˝ Ý=
×− ¼=šÞš¹ł− ×− и¦žðš=×Ð− =×¹ş ³¾ˇ ½ˇ =
NUK ÍÐð¹ş¾ğÞ−
ðˇ Ð=½− ¼=Ó¹− ¾˝ Ý=ÒÐğ מݺ K
NVK Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸=E„þ𠽚¹Ðð¸=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ ˇÞ¸F
OMK Ë˙ ݼýýˇ =Íס½ˇ¹˝ˇ²
ONK „Þ³ğýˇ ½ğý˚ Þž=Ëš¹ˇ˝ˇ W
Ó¹− šÐŠ−×−˝ ž³žW=ÍžÞ=ðˇÝĆ ×½š½š=½−=
š×˙Þğ =ý˚¹− ²=½− ¼=½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=ýš=½−=
₣ ˚¹Ð=³ˇ ²= ş½ˇ Þ=½ −=₣¹ž³Ðý− ×− К˝½š=łÐˇ ½ ˝ =
ý×− ¹š˝ =Þˇ =š×ž¹š˙ ³šÐ=½žÞ=ˇ×ş Š− ³ž=
OOK Ùğ ²=ðÐÞž½−Ć W
½ž²=šÞ³ğýˇ ½ğý˚ Þž²=ðš¹ˇ˝ˇ ²K
ı ¹ž³Ðý−×− К ˝ ½ˇ Ð=ğ²=¾Ý ˇ ²=¸=ğ²=
šþ𠽚¹Ððş ²=¾ğ ½Ð³ýş ²=³½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸²K
OPK Êùˇ =Û×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ ÞW Ò½˚ ÝÞšÐ=ðˇ Ð=ݡýŁ ˙ ÞšÐ=ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þˇ =
ý˚ ³ğ =¼×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ ÞK
OQK Ò½š¹š−¾ğ ÞÐð˙ =ž₣š ˝ˇ
ORK ÍÐð¹¸=ȼ₣Þ˝ˇ W ı ¹ž³Ðý−×− К˝½ˇ Ð=łÐˇ =½− =Šš˝ ð½ž=
¾ş ¹½Ð³ž²=ýס ½ˇ ¹˝ˇ ²I=Ùğ ²=
³¼ýŁ˙ Þ½− ²=ðˇ Ð=Ùğ ²=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž²K
NM ÏšðÐÞć Þ½ˇ²
OSK ÓÝš¼¹Ðð˙ =×Ý¸ð½¹ˇ
LWFW
E
V
E fl¼½ ˙=½ ˇ=Š Ć− =×ݸ𽹠ˇ=ݚн − ¼¹ ł−ĆÞ=
ˇÞ ˙×− Š ˇ=ş½ˇÞ=ž=−¦ şÞž=ٹ˝³ðš½ˇÐ=³½ž=
¦˚ ³ž=×¹−Ł− ݸ²KF
Íš½ˇ ðÐÞš˝ =½− =ýˇ ¹ðˇ ¹Ð³ý˚Þ− =³½−Ð₣š˝ −=
š×˙Þğ =¸=ð˙½ğ K
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²=¸=ðˇ½˙=
½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=ðݸ³ž²=łÐˇ =ˇ ¼þ¸³š½š=¸=
Þˇ =ýšÐć ³š½š=½žÞ=˚ Þ½ˇ ³ž=½− ¼=ˇ ð− ¼³½Ðð−Ć K
OTK Óݸð½¹− =ýšÞ−Ć W
X
OUK Óݸð½¹− =Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=
ýž₣ˇ Þ¸²W
Y
„ð½šÝš˝ =½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=× −¼=šý¾ˇÞ˝Žš½ˇÐ=
ð˙ ½ğ =ˇ ¹Ð³½š¹˙ =³½žÞ=− ¦ş ÞžI=ýš=½žÞ=
− ¦ş Þž=³½ž=¦˚³ž=×¹−Ł− ݸ²K
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½− =ËĆ ¹Ð −=ÍšÞ−Ć =ş ½ˇÞ=
×К³½š˝ =³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž= ˇÞˇ ý− Þ¸²=ðˇ Ð=
šð½šÝš˝ =½ž=ýˇ ¹ðˇ ¹Ð³ý˚ Þž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ I=
ýš=½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=³½ž=¦˚ ³ž=×¹−Ł− ݸ²K
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− =ł Ðˇ =Þˇ=
šÞš¹ł− ×− и³š½š=½ž=¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸K
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=ðˇ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ýÐˇ ²=šÐŠ−×−˝ ž³ž²=
šÐ³š¹₣ş ýšÞž²=ðݸ³ž²=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ˇ×ˇ Þ½¸³š½š= ³½žÞ=
OVK Óݸð½¹−=ˇ ðĆ¹ğ ³ž²WZ„ð½šÝš˝ =½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=× − ¼=
ðݸ³žI=ýš=½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=³½ž=¦˚³ž=×¹−Ł− ݸ²K
šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ð˙½ğ =ŠšþÐ˙ =³½žÞ=−¦ş ÞžI=
ýš=½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=³½ž=¦˚ ³ž=×¹−Ł− ݸ²K
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− =³½žÞ=
ˇ Þˇ ý− Þ¸= ł Ð ˇ =Þˇ =ˇ Þ˙ ĞšÐ=½− =¾ğ ²=ðÐÞž½−Ć K
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ˇ ÝÝ˙ þš½š=½ˇ=₣ ¹ć ýˇ½ˇ=
½− ¼=¾ğ ½Ð³ý−Ć =×Ð˚Ž− Þ½ˇ²
½− =¾ğ ²=ðÐÞž½−Ć =š˝ Þˇ Ð=ˇ Þˇ ýý˚ Þ− K
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− =łÐˇ =Þˇ =
ˇ ×− ¹¹ ˝ Ğš½š=ý˝ˇ=šÐ³š¹₣şýšÞž=ðݸ³žK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=ðˇ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ýÐ ˇ ²=šÐŠ−×−˝ ž³ž²=
šÐ³š¹₣ş ýšÞž²=ðݸ³ž²=łÐˇ =Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½š=½− Þ=
½ş Þ− =ˇ ס ³₣−Ýžý˚Þ− ¼=³½−Þ=ðˇÝ−Ć Þ½ˇ I=ýš=
½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=³½ž=¦˚ ³ž=×¹−Ł− ݸ²K
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=łÐˇ =Þˇ =½š¹ýˇ ½˝ ³š½š=½žÞ=ðݸ³žI=
ýš=½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=³½ž=¦˚ ³ž=×¹−Ł− ݸ²K
=¸=W=ş½ˇ Þ=
=
V
PMK Ë˙ ݼýýˇ =Û×−Š−₣ ¸²=Ë˙ ¹½ˇ ²=ÍÞ¸ýž²
PNK ÷þ−Š− ²=sáÇÉçLÛ×−Š−₣ ¸=Ò½š¹š−¾ğ ÞÐðćÞ=Ù− ¹ž½ć Þ=flð− ¼³½Ððć Þ=
POK „þ𠽚¹Ðð¸=Û×−Š−₣ ¸W ı ¹ž³Ðý−×− К˝½ˇ Ð=łÐˇ =½ž=³Ć ÞŠš³ž=
½− ¼=¾− ¹½Ð³½¸=¸=½− ¼=ðˇÝğ Š˝− ¼=
ý𽎾− ¹˙ ²=ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þğ Þ=rp_K
Ú− ×− ¦˚ ½ž³ž=½ž²=Ë˙ ¹½ˇ ²=pfj=ðˇ Ð=½ž²=Íס½ˇ¹˝ˇ²
NK
ÒĆ ¹š½š=ðˇ Ð=ˇ¾ˇÐ¹˚³š½š=½− =ð˙ ݼýýˇ =½ž²=ýס½ˇ¹˝ˇ ²=E FK
1
2
OK
ÒĆ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇ =pfj=³½žÞ=¼×−Š−₣ ¸=ð˙ ¹½ˇ ²=pfjK
Ë˙ ¹½ˇ =pfj
PK
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šýŁ˚ ÝšÐˇ ²=½− ¼=ŠÐð½Ć− ¼
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WÓš¹Ðˇłğł¸=šð½ş²=½−¼=ŠÐð½Ć−¼
‚šþ˝ =×ݸð½¹−=
šÝ˚ł₣− ¼
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RK L W Ëݸ³ž=Ùğ Þ¸²=xšÐ³š¹₣ş ýšÞžL³š=šþ˚ ÝÐþžz
SK L L W Țн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =š×Ðð− ÐÞğÞ˝ˇ ²=рЭ¸³ž²=обЗЙз=šЮš¹ł ¸=
TK L W „Њ−×− и³šÐ²=xł¹ˇ ×½ş =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =ðˇ Ð=ý¸Þ¼ýˇ=
UK W ?Ùğ Þž½K=Ëݸ³šÐ²?=− Ð=šð½¹−×˚ ²=˚ ₣− ¼Þ=− ¹Ð³½š˝=
VK L L W fl ¼½şýˇ ½š²=šÐŠ−×− и³šÐ²=t^mLlq^=xšÐŠ−×−˝ ž³ž=
NMK W Ë˙ ¹½ˇ =ýÞ¸ýž²=½−×−¦š½¸¦žðš
N N K LLLLW
NOK L W „¾ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸=g~î~∑ =xšð½šÝš˝½ˇ ÐE˚ł₣ ¹ğ ý− FL³š=
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×− ݼý˚ ³ğ ÞLbã~áäz
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t^mLˇ ¼½şýˇ ½ž=šÐŠ−×−˝ ž³ž=lq^Lˇ ¼½şýˇ ½š²=
šÐŠ−×− и³šÐ²=t^m=ðˇ Ð=lq^z
ˡ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=³Ć ÞŠš³ž²
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š×Ðð− ÐÞğÞ ˝ˇ =ýš=½−=ˇ ð− ¼³½Ððş =_дмЙнззнЬzz
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NS ÏšðÐÞć Þ½ˇ²
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N Q K LLLLW
N R K LLWÈ š Ð ½−¼¹ł˝ˇ=ž ₣š˝ −¼=xž₣š˝ −=½žÝš¾ćÞ−¼Lž₣š˝ −=
NSK Eˡý˝ˇ=− ¦ş Þ ž F LLLLLW
NTK W „×˝ ךŠ− =Íס½ˇ¹˝ˇ²
NUK W Ú− =¾ğ ²=½− ¼=ðÐÞž½−Ć =ˇ Þ˙Ł šÐ
NVK W ˡ ¦žýš¹ÐÞş =þ¼×Þž½¸¹Ð=šÞš¹łş
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OOK W „Њ−×−˝ ž³ž=ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=½žÝš¾ğ Þž½¸
OPK W ËÝš˝Šğ ýˇ =½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=šÞš¹łş
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ORK LEðšÞş FW ÔĆ ¦ýгž=¼×˚ ¹¼¦¹ž²=xšÞš¹łş Lýž=šÞš¹łş z
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Šş Þž³ž=šÞš¹ł− ×− Оý˚Þžz
šÞš¹łş L³˝ł ˇ ³ž=ýÐð¹−¾ćÞ− ¼z
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:
ͼ³½Ðð¸=ݚн−¼¹ł˝ˇ=¹¼¦ýгý˚Þž=³½−=?„Þš¹łş?
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NK
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¦˚ ³ž=×− ¼=Šš˝₣ ÞšÐ=ž=šÐðş Þˇ K
ÏšðÐÞć Þ½ˇ ²N T
Ê˚ ³ž=ˇ ¼½− ¾ğ ½−ł¹˙ ¾ž³ž²=E F
OK
Óš¹Ð³½¹˚Ğ ½š=½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=NUMŒ=ŠšþÐş ³½¹−¾ˇ K
ı ¹ž³Ðý−×− и³½š= ˇ ¼½¸=½ž=¦˚ ³ž=łÐ ˇ =Þˇ =½¹ˇ ُþš½š=½− =
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ÍžÞ=ך¹Ð³½¹˚Ğš½š=ˇ¹Ð³½š¹ ş³½¹−¾ˇ =½žÞ=−¦şÞžI=ðˇ¦ ć²=
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Ê˚ ³ž=×¹−Ł− ݸ²=E F
PK
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NU ÏšðÐÞć Þ½ˇ²
Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=ÓÝ−¸ł ž³ž²
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WÍ šł˚¦¼Þ³žLÒý˝ð¹¼Þ³ž
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W„ × Ð Ý K
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Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=ÓÝ−¸ł ž³ž² NV
Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=Ùğ Þž½Ðð¸²=Ëݸ³ž²LËݸ³ž²=
sáÇÉç
Ó¹ˇłý ˇ½− ×− ˝ ž³ž=ý˝ˇ ²=Ùğ Þž½Ðð¸²=Ëݸ³ž²
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =ך¹Ð−₣ ¸²=ðˇ Ð=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=
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NK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ý ş=NNO=EŠÐš¦Þ¸²=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş ²=˚ ð½ˇ ð½ž²=
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NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=½−= Q=ý˚₣ ¹Ð=Þˇ =šý¾ˇ Þг½š˝=˚Þˇ = +=
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OK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş=₣㹎²I=ˇð− Ý− ¼¦−Ć ýšÞ− =ˇ×ş =½− Þ=
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È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס ¾ć Þ
NK
fl ¾−Ć =×Ýžð½¹ − Ý −ł ¸³š½š=½ − Þ= ˇ ¹Ð¦ý ş =½žÝš¾ ćÞ− ¼I=×Ð ˚ ³½š=
x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×− ¦¸ðK=fl ¹Ð¦ý−Ć ?K
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½ž=ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=ý˝ˇ²=Þ˚ˇ ²=
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ˡ Ý−Ć ýšÞ− ¼=Ò¼ÞŠ¹− ýž½¸
NK
Íš½˙ =½žÞ=×Ýž ð½¹ −Ýşł ž³ž=šÞş²=ˇ¹Ð¦ý−Ć =½žÝ š¾ćÞ− ¼I=×Ð˚ ³½š=
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³½ž=¦˚ ³ž=×¹−Ł−ݸ²=½ž²=−¦şÞž²
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=YK
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ס¾˚ ²?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?È˝ ³½ˇ =š×ˇ¾ćÞ?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =ðˇÝ˚ ³š½šK
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼K
SK
„×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?Ëݸ³ž?=łÐˇ=Þˇ =ðˇÝ˚ ³š½šK
·Ðˇ =½− Þ=½š¹ýˇ ½Ð³ýş =ýÐˇ ²=ðݸ³ž²I=×Ð˚ ³½š=ZK
OM Țн− ¼¹ł˝š²=Ù ğÞž½Ðð¸²=Ëݸ³ž²LËݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç
Úˇ₣ š˝ˇ =Ëݸ³ž
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ˇ¹Ð¦ý−Ć ²=½žÝš¾ ćÞ −¼= ˇ×ş =½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=È ˝ ³½ ˇ²=„× ˇ¾ć Þ=EýÞ¸ýž=
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O
FK=Ì= ˇ¹Ð¦ý ş ²=½žÝš¾ ćÞ − ¼=½ − ¼=Ë ˚Þ½¹ − ¼=½žÝš¾ ğ Þž½¸=š ˝Þ ˇ Ð=
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Ý˝ ³½ˇ ²=½ˇ₣ š˝ˇ ²=ðݸ³ž²I=Šš˝ ½š=?È˝ ³½ˇ=Úˇ₣š ˝ˇ²=Ëݸ³ž²?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ PVK
NK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ðˇÝ˚³š½š=˚ÞˇÞ=ˇ¹Ð¦ýş=₣¹ž³Ðý−×−ÐćÞ½ˇ²=½ž=
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NK
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OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=ý˝ˇ =ˇ ׺ =½Ð²=ðˇ ½žł− ¹˝š²=?⁄ Ýš²=− Ð=Ëݸ³šÐ²?I=
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PK
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ðˇ Ý˚ ³š½šK
QK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=D=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =š×ˇÞˇðˇÝ˚³š½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýşK
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NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=DI= =¸=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇÐ=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×˙ Þ½K?=łÐˇ =Þˇ =
ˇ ס Þ½¸³š½š=³½žÞ=ðݸ³žK
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NK
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NK
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„Þžý˚¹ğ ³ž=½− ¼=ˡÝ−ĆÞ½− ²=ş ½Ð=š˝ ³½ š=flס ³₣−Ýžý ˚Þ− ²
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xflס³₣ Kz=šÞć =½− =½žÝ ˚¾ğ Þ− =ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ŽšÐ=łÐˇ =Þˇ =
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Z
K
ÍšÞ−Ć =Ëݸ³šğ Þ=EÙğ Þž½Ðð¸=ðݸ³žF
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NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=V=¸=W=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =š ý¾ˇÞ˝³š½š=½ žÞ=−¦ş Þž=÷Þ½ˇ ³ž²=
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OK
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¸=×Ð˚ ³½š=
PK
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NK
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½¹˚₣− ¼³ˇ =³¼Þ− ýÐÝ˝ˇ =³š=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =ðˇÝ˚ ³š½š=˚Þˇ Þ=˙ ÝÝ−=
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OO Țн− ¼¹ł˝š²=Ù ğÞž½Ðð¸²=Ëݸ³ž²LËݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç
Ó¹ˇłý ˇ½− ×− ˝ž³ž=‚šĆ ½š¹ž²=Ëݸ³ž²=ðˇ½˙ =½ž=‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=
Ëݸ³ž²
NK
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=Š Ð˙¹ðšÐˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=ðݸ³ž²I=×Ð ˚³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
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Â=½¹˚₣− ¼³ˇ =ðݸ³ž=½˝ ¦š½ˇ Ð=³š=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ëݸ³ž=Î˚− ¼=fl ¹Ð¦K?K
PK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =ðˇÝ˚³š½š=
½ˇ ¼½ş₣ ¹− Þˇ =ðˇ ÐI=³½ž=³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇ I=×Ð˚ ³½š=
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
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×¹ˇłý ˇ½− ×− и³š½š=ý˝ˇ =ŠšĆ ½š¹ž=ðݸ³ž=×Ýžð½¹−Ý−łć Þ½ˇ ²=½− Þ=
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Ó¹ş³Łˇ ³ž=½− ¼=ýšÞ−Ć =pjpLjjp=ðˇ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=ðݸ³ž²
NK
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=Š Ð˙¹ðšÐˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=ðݸ³ž²I=×Ð ˚³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
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flÞ ˇý− Þ¸=Ëݸ³šğ Þ
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NK
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=Š Ð˙¹ðšÐˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=ðݸ³ž²=×Ð˚³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
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Â=×¹ ć ½ž=ðݸ³ž=½ ˝¦š½ ˇ Ð=³š= ˇ Þ ˇ ý− Þ¸=ð ˇ Ð=ý×− ¹š ˝½š=½ 㹎=Þ ˇ=
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D
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≥
„˙ Þ=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½š=½žÞ=¼×ž¹š³˝ˇ =fl Þˇý− Þ¸²=
Ëݸ³ž²I=¦ˇ=₣¹šÐˇ ³½š˝ =Þˇ =¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½š=½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =?flÞˇý− Þ¸=
Ëݸ³K?=³½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=?„Þš¹łş ?=E³šÝK NMPFK
≥
Â=¼×ž¹š³˝ˇ =flÞˇ ý− Þ¸²=Ëݸ³ž²=šÞŠ˚₣ 𽎠Ð=Þˇ =ýžÞ=š˝ÞˇÐ=
ŠÐˇ¦˚ ³Ðýž=³š=şÝˇ =½ˇ =Š˝ ð½¼ˇ K=·Ðˇ =ך¹Ð ³³ş ½š¹š²=×Ýž¹− ¾−¹˝ š²I=
š×Ðð− ÐÞğ Þ¸³½š=ýš=½− Þ=ס¹−₣ ˚ˇ=¼×ž¹š³Ðć ÞK
≥
„˙ Þ=ŠšÞ=š×Ц¼ýš˝½š=Þˇ=ˇ×ˇÞ½¸³š½š=³½ž=ŠšĆ ½š¹ž=ðݸ³ž=×Ð˚ ³½š=
x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?flס³₣− Ýžý˚Þ− ?=³½− =Ł ¸ýˇ NK=„˙ Þ=
š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?fl׺¹¹ÐĞž?=ž=ŠšĆ½š¹ž=ðݸ³ž=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ 𽎠Ð=³½−=
ˇ ¹₣ š ˝ −=ðݸ³šğ Þ=ğ²=ˇÞˇ ×˙ Þ½ž½ž=ðݸ³žK
Ëݸ³ž=Ò¼ÞŠÐ˙³ðšĞ ž²
Â=Ëݸ³ž=³¼ÞŠÐ˙ ³ðšĞ ž²=š˝Þˇ Ð=ý˝ˇ =ðݸ³ž=ýš=ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹− ¼²=ˇ×ş =
O=³¼ýýš½˚₣− Þ½š²K=Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =³¼ýך¹ÐÝ˙Ł š½š=˚ğ ²=ðˇÐ=R=
³¼ýýš½˚₣− Þ½š²=³š=ý˝ˇ =ðݸ³ž=³¼ÞŠÐ˙ ³ðšĞ ž²K
Ó¹ˇłý ˇ½−×−˝ ž³ž=ý˝ˇ ²=Ëݸ³ž²=Ò¼ÞŠÐ˙ ³ðšĞ ž²
Ê ˇ=×¹ ˚ךÐ=Þ ˇ= ˚₣ š½š=ý ˝ˇ=šÞš¹ ł ¸=ðݸ³ž=ð ˇÐ=ý ˝ˇ=Šš Ć ½š¹ž=ðݸ³ž=³š=
ˇÞ ˇý− Þ¸K
NK
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=ðݸ³ž²I=×Ð˚³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇÐ=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
?Ó− ÝÝ−˝ =³¼Þ−ýÐÝK?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ò¼ÞŠÐ˙ ³ðK=⁄Ý− Ð?=łÐˇ =Þˇ =³¼ýýš½˙ ³₣š½š=³½žÞ=ðݸ³ž=
³¼ÞŠÐ˙ ³ðšĞ ž²K
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=F=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =½ š¹ýˇ½˝³š½š=½žÞ=ðݸ³ž=³¼ÞŠÐ˙ ³ðšĞ ž²K
Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=Ùğ Þž½Ðð¸²=Ëݸ³ž²LËݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç OP
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Â=¼×ž¹š³˝ˇ=ðݸ³ž²=³¼ÞŠÐ˙ ³ðšĞ ž²=šÞŠ˚₣š½ ˇÐ=Þˇ=ýžÞ=š˝Þˇ Ð=
ŠÐˇ¦˚ ³Ðýž=³š=şÝˇ=½ˇ=Š˝ð½¼ˇK=·Ðˇ=ך¹Ð³³ş½š¹š²=×Ýž¹−¾−¹ ˝š²I=
š×Ðð− ÐÞğ Þ¸³½š=ýš=½−Þ=ס¹−₣ ˚ˇ =¼×ž¹š³Ðć ÞK
≥
Ò½−=Ł ¸ýˇ =OI=˚₣ š½š=½Ð²=ס¹ˇð˙½ğ =šÞˇÝݡ ð½Ðð˚ ²=š×ÐÝ−ł˚ ²=łÐˇ =
½žÞ=Ëݸ³ž=³¼ÞŠÐ˙ ³ðšĞ ž²W
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =¦˚ ³š½š=şÝ− ¼²=½− ¼²=³¼ýýš½˚₣− Þ½š²=³š=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸I=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?flÞˇý− Þ¸=⁄Ýğ Þ?K
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =¦˚ ³š½š=şÝ− ¼²=½− ¼²=³¼ýýš½˚₣− Þ½š²=³š=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸=
šð½ş ²=ˇ ¼½−Ć =½ž²=½¹˚ ₣− ¼³ˇ ²=ðݸ³ž²I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÁŠÐğ½Ðð¸?K
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =½š ¹ ý ˇ½˝ ³ š ½ š=½žÞ=ðݸ³ ž =ý š =şÝ− ¼²=½− ¼²=³¼ýýš½˚₣− Þ½š²I=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Úš¹ýK=„Þš¹łć Þ?=¸=?Úš¹ýK=flÞˇ ý− Þć Þ?K
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ=ˇ×− ¹¹˝Ğ š½š=½žÞ=×¹− ³¦¸ðž=Þ˚ğÞ=³¼ýýš½š₣ş Þ½ğÞ=
³½žÞ=½¹˚₣−¼³ ˇ =³¼ÞŠÐ˙ ³ðšĞ žI=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚þ½š=
?fl ׺ ¹¹ÐĞ ž?I=¸=ý×−¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½š=½şÞ−=ˇ ס ³₣− Ýžý˚Þ− ¼=
š×ÐÝ˚ł−Þ½ ˇ ²=?flס³₣− Ýžý˚Þ− ?K
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=Î˚ğÞ=Ò¼ýýš½š₣şÞ½ğÞ=³š=ý˝ˇ =Ëݸ³ž=Ò¼ÞŠÐ˙ ³ðšĞ ž²
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ëݸ ³ž=Î˚− ¼=fl ¹Ð¦K?K
OK
„г˙ł š½š= ½−Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =³¼ýך¹ÐÝ˙Ł š½š=
³½žÞ=ðݸ³ž=³¼ÞŠÐ˙ ³ðšĞ ž²=ðˇ Ð=×Ð˚ ³½š=
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó− ÝÝ−˝=³¼Þ− ýÐÝK?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ò¼ÞŠÐ˙ ³ðK=⁄Ý− Ð?=łÐˇ =Þˇ =³¼ýýš½˙ ³₣š½š=³½žÞ=ðݸ³ž=
³¼ÞŠÐ˙ ³ðšĞ ž²K
„˙ Þ=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹− ³¦˚ ³š½š=ðÐ=˙ ÝÝ− ¼²=³¼ýýš½˚₣− Þ½š²I=
š×ˇÞˇÝ˙Ł š½š=½ˇ=Ł ¸ýˇ½ˇ =N=˚ğ ²=QK
Úš¹ýˇ ½Ð³ýş²=½ž²=Ëݸ³ž²=ý š=˚Þˇ =Ò¼ýýš½˚₣−Þ½ ˇ =³½žÞ=Ëݸ³ž=
Ò¼ÞŠÐ˙ ³ðšĞ ž²
NK
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=Š Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=ðݸ³ž²=³¼ÞŠÐ˙ ³ðšĞž²I=ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½−=
˙ ½− ý − =× −¼=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ =ˇ × − ³¼ÞŠ˚ ³š½š= ˇ×ş=½žÞ=ðݸ³ž=
³¼ÞŠÐ˙ ³ðšĞ ž²K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Úš¹ýˇ ½K=Ëݸ³ž²?K
D
=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =ðˇ Ý˚ ³š½šK
Ó¹ˇłý ˇ½−×−˝ ž³ž=ÁŠÐğ½Ðð¸²=Ò¼Þ− ýÐÝ˝ˇ =ýš=÷ÞˇÞ=ˇ×ş =½− ¼²=
Ò¼ýýš½˚₣− Þ½š²
„˙ Þ=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =˚₣ š½š=ýÐˇ =ЊÐğ ½Ðð¸=³¼Þ− ýÐÝ˝ˇ =ýš=ð˙ ×− Ð− Þ=ˇ ׺ =
½− ¼²=³¼ýýš½˚₣− Þ½š²I=ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½− =³¼ýýš½˚₣− Þ½ˇ=
ˇ ׺ =½ž=Ý ˝ ³½ˇ =³¼ÞŠÐ˙ ³ðšĞž²=ð ˇ Ð=Þˇ =¦˚ ³š½š=½−¼²=¼×ş Ý− Ð×− ¼²=
³¼ýýš½˚₣−Þ½š²=³š= ˇÞˇý− Þ¸K
NK
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙¹ðšÐˇ=ý˝ˇ²=ðݸ³ž ²=³¼ÞŠÐ˙ ³ðšĞ ž²=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=
˙ ½− ý − =ý š=½ −=− ×− ˝ − =¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ =³¼Þ−ýÐݸ³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó−ÝÝ−˝ =³¼Þ− ýÐÝK?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÁŠÐğ ½Ðð¸?K
QK
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=½šÝšÐć³š½š=½žÞ=ЊÐğ ½Ðð¸=³¼Þ− ýÐÝ ˝ˇI=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ð ˇ Ð=
ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=?Ó− ÝÝ−˝ =³¼Þ− ýÐÝK?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ò¼ÞŠÐ˙ ³ðK=⁄Ý− Ð?=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =š×г½¹˚Ğš½š=³½žÞ=ðݸ³ž=
³¼ÞŠÐ˙ ³ðšĞ ž²K
Ò˝ł ˇ ³ž=½− ¼=ÍÐð¹−¾ćÞ− ¼
NK
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙¹ðšÐˇ=ý˝ˇ²=ðݸ³ž ²=×Ð˚ ³½š=xÒÐğ מݺ zK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½š=×˙ ÝÐ=½− =ýÐð¹ş¾ğÞ− I=×Ð˚ ³½š=xÍž=
ÒÐğ ×KzK
OQ Țн− ¼¹ł˝š²=Ù ğÞž½Ðð¸²=Ëݸ³ž²LËݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç
Ó¹ˇłý ˇ½− ×− ˝ ž³ž=ý˝ˇ²=Ëݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
ı ¹ž³Ðý−×− и³½š= ˇ ¼½¸=½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ ł˝ˇ =ýš=½žÝ ˚¾ğ Þ ˇ =× − ¼= ˚ ₣− ¼Þ=
šÞš¹ł− ×− Оý˚ Þž=½ž=ݚн−¼¹ł˝ˇ =рЭ¸³ž²=обЗЙзK
≥
Ó¹ÐÞ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×− и³š½š=ˇ ¼½¸=½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=Ł šŁˇ Ð𠦚˝ ½š=ş ½Ð=ž=
ýס½ˇ¹˝ˇ =š˝ÞˇÐ=×ݸ¹ğ ²=¾− ¹½Ð³ý˚ Þž=ðˇ Ð=ş ½Ð=¼×˙¹₣ šÐ=Š¼Þˇ½ş =
³¸ýˇ =Ý¸Ğ ž²K
≥
„Þš¹ł− ×− и³½š=½ˇ =ýšł˙¾ ğÞˇ =¸=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×− и³½š=˚Þˇ =³š½=
Ò½š¹š−¾ğ ÞÐðćÞ=Ù−¹ž½ćÞ=flð −¼³½ÐðćÞ=š¾−ŠÐˇ³ý˚Þˇ=ýš=
ŠÐˇðş ×½ž=¸=˚Þˇ=рР½=Ь~еЗлСкЙЙ=˚ ½³Ð=ć ³½š=Þˇ =ýÐÝ˙ ½š=ðˇ¦ć ²=
ð− н˙ ½š=³½žÞ=−¦şЮž=½ž²=рЭ¸³ž²=обЗЙз=³½žЮ=рĆ ¹Ðˇ=− ¦ş ÞžK
2
3
Ó¹ˇłý ˇ½−×−˝ ž³ž=ý˝ˇ ²=Ëݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =½ž²=ך¹Ð−₣ ¸²=ðˇ Ð=½− Þ=½žÝš¾ğ ÞÐðş=
ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þ ˇ =ð ˇÝ˚ ³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?Ëݸ³ž=sáÇÉç?=¸=×Ð˚ ³½š=ðˇÐ=
ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=½−=
„˙ Þ=×Ýžð½¹−Ý−ł¸³š½š=ݡ Þ¦ˇ ³ý˚Þ− =ˇ¹Ð¦ýşI=×Ð˚ ³½š= U=łÐˇ =
Þˇ =ŠÐˇł ¹˙Ğ š½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =ˇ ¹Ð³½š¹˙ =ˇ ׺ =½− =й− ý˚ˇ K
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=ł ˝ ÞšÐ=ž=³ĆÞŠš³ž=½ž²=ł¹ˇ ýý¸²I=ž=šÐð şÞˇ =½ − ¼=
ðˇ Ý−Ć ýšÞ− ¼=³¼Þй− ýž½¸=šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=³½− =š× ˙Þğ =ý˚¹− ²=½ž²=
− ¦ş Þž²=ðˇÐ=ž=ŠÐð¸=³ˇ ²=³½žÞ=ð ˙½ğ = ˇ ¹Ð³½š¹¸=×Ýš¼¹ ˙K
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
„˙ Þ=−=ðˇÝ−ĆýšÞ− ²=³¼Þй− ýž½¸²=ŠšÞ=˚₣šÐ=šÞš¹ł− ×− и³šÐ=³½−=
½žÝ˚¾ğ Þş =½− ¼=½ž=ݚн−¼¹ł˝ˇ=рЭ¸³ž²=обЗЙзI=эЧ− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=
×Ð˚ ³š½š=½−=
ł Ðˇ =Þ ˇ =×¹ ˇ ł ýˇ ½ − ×− и³š½š=ý ˝ˇ =¾ ğ Þž½Ðð¸=ðݸ³žK
≥
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=½š¹ýˇ ½Ð³½š˝ =ž=ðݸ³ž=šý¾ˇ Þ˝ Žš½ ˇ Ð=½ − =ð ş ³½ − ²=½ž²=
½šÝ𼽎˝ˇ ²=ðݸ³ž²K
D
=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =ðˇÝ˚ ³š½šK
F
=ðˇ Ð=Þˇ =šÐ³˙ł š½š=×˙ ÝÐ=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =½žÝš¾ćÞ−¼=
1
„ÞŠš˝ þšÐ²=ˡ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž²
NK ‡− ž¦ž½Ðð¸=−¦ş Þž=łÐˇ=½žÞ=šÐðşÞ ˇ=³ˇ²
OK ı¹ş Þ− ²=×− ¼=˚₣ šÐ=ס¹˚ ݦšÐ
PK ËĆ ¹Ðˇ=− ¦ş Þž=ł Ðˇ =½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=½− ¼=³¼Þ− ýÐÝ−Ć Þ½ˇ
QK ⁄Þ− ýˇ =¸=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş ²=½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=³¼Þ− ýÐÝ−ĆÞ½ˇ
4
Țн − ¼¹ ł˝ š²=Ù ğ Þž½Ðð¸²=Ëݸ³ž²LËݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç OR
fl× ˙Þ½ž³ž=³š=ý ˝ˇ=Ëݸ³ž=sáÇÉç
Íş Ýв=ˇ ÞÐ₣ ÞšĆ ³šÐ=ý˝ˇ =šÐ³š¹₣ş ýšÞž=ðݸ³žI=½− =½žÝ˚¾ğ Þ− =
ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ŽšÐK
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=D=ł Ðˇ=Þˇ=ˇ×ˇ Ю½¸³š½š=³½žЮ=рЭ¸³ž=эš=обЗЙз=¸=ЧР˚ ³½š=
x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl׺ ð¹¼Ğ ž=¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ¾˝ˇ ²?=łÐˇ =Þˇ =
ˇ ס Þ½¸³š½š=ýşÞ− =ýš=¾ ğÞ¸K
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
⁄½ ˇÞ=½š¹ý ˇ½Ð³½š ˝=ž=ðݸ³žI=½ −=ð ş³½− ²=½ž²=ðݸ³ž²=šý¾ˇÞ ˝Žš½ˇÐK
≥
„˙ Þ=˚₣ š½š=šłł ¹ˇ ¾š˝ =³½žÞ=¼×ž¹š³˝ˇ =fl Þˇł Þć ¹Ð³ž²=Ëݸ³ž²=
E`ifF=ðˇ Ð=½− =Š˝ ð½¼− =½− ¼=ðˇÝ−Ć Þ½− ²=ýš½ˇŠ˝ ŠšÐ=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş=
½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼I=½ş ½š=−=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş²=½−¼=ðˇÝ −ĆÞ½−²=¦ˇ=šý¾ˇÞг½š˝=
³½žÞ=−¦ş ÞžK=„˙ Þ=−=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş ²=ðˇÐ=½−=şÞ−ýˇ =½−¼=ðˇÝ −Ć Þ½− ²=š˝Þˇ Ð=
ˇ ×− ¦žðš¼ý ˚ Þˇ =³½ž=È˝ ³½ ˇ =„× ˇ¾ćÞI=½ş ½š=³½žÞ= −¦ş Þž=¦ ˇ =
šý¾ˇ Þг½š˝ =½−=şÞ−ýˇ =½− ¼=ðˇÝ−Ć Þ½− ²K
fl ׺ ¹¹Ð Ğ ž=„гš¹ ₣ş ýšÞž²=Ëݸ³ž²
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=F=ş ½ˇ Þ=½− =½žÝ˚¾ğ Þ− =ð−¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ŽšÐ=łÐˇ =Þˇ =
ˇ×− ¹¹ ˝Ğš½š=ý ˝ˇ=ðݸ³ž=½žÞ=−×−˝ˇ =ŠšÞ=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ=
ˇ× ˇÞ½¸³š½šK
„Þžý˚¹ğ ³ž=½− ¼=ˡÝ−ĆÞ½− ²=ş ½Ð=‚šÞ =š˝³½š=‚Ðˇ¦˚ ³Ðý−²
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xflס³₣ Kz=ş ½ˇ Þ=½− =½ žÝ ˚¾ğ Þ− =ð−¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ŽšÐ=łÐˇ =Þˇ =
³½š˝ Ýš½š=˚Þˇ Þ=½şÞ−=ˇ ס³₣− Ýžý˚ Þ− ¼=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =šÞžýš¹ć ³š½š=
½− Þ=ðˇ Ý−ĆÞ½ˇ=ş ½Ð=ŠšÞ=ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ˇ×ˇÞ½¸³š ½š=³½žÞ=ðݸ³žK
ÍšÞ−Ć =Ëݸ³šğ Þ=EËݸ³ž=sáÇÉçF
Ò˝ł ˇ ³ž=½− ¼=ÍÐð¹−¾ćÞ− ¼
NK
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=рЭ¸³ž²=обЗЙз=ЧР˚ ³½š=xÒÐğ מݺ zK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½š=×˙ ÝÐ=½−=ýÐð¹ş¾ğÞ− I=×Ð˚ ³½š=xÍž=
ÒÐğ ×KzK
„Þˇ Ýݡł ¸=„ÐðşÞğÞ
Í× −¹š ˝ ½š=Þ ˇ =šÞ ˇ ÝÝ ˙ ³³š½š=½Ð²=šÐð şÞš²= ˇ×ş=½žÞ=ð Ć ¹Ð ˇ =ð ˇ Ð=½ž=
Ł−ž¦ž½Ðð¸= −¦ şÞžK
NK
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=рЭ¸³ž²=обЗЙз=ЧР˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þˇ Ýݡł ¸=šÐðşÞğ Þ?K
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=š×˝ ³ž²=Þˇ =šÞˇ ÝÝ˙ ³³š½š=šÐðş Þš²=ýš½ˇþĆ =½ž²=ðĆ ¹Ðˇ ²=
ðˇ Ð=½ž²=Ł− ž¦ž½Ðð¸²=− ¦ş Þž²=×Ð˚ Ž− Þ½ˇ ²= =ðˇ ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ=
ýÐˇ ²=рЭ¸³ž²=обЗЙзK
fl Ýݡ ł¸=½ž²=ЄðşÞˇ ²=³ ˇ²
NK
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙¹рšРˇ=э˝ˇ²=рЭ¸³ž²=обЗЙз=ЧР˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ù ğ½− K=ˇ ׺ =Ùğ½−K=jž₣K?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=ˇ×ş =?„³ğ ½K=Ùğ ½K=Íž₣K?I=?„þğ ½K=Ùğ½K=Íž₣ K?=¸=
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NK
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NK
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NK
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OK
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NK
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PK
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PK
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NK
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PK
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ŠÐ˙ ³½žýˇ =ýš½˙=½žÞ=š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž=Ý˚ þžK
P
=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =šÞš¹ł− ×− и³š½š=½ž=ý˚¦− Š− =
a
=¸=b=ý˚₣ ¹Ð=Þˇ =ýˇ¹ð˙¹š½š=½ž=³ 𳽸=Ý˚ þžK
ÒĆ ýŁ− ݡ =ðˇ Ð=Òžýš˝ˇ =Ò½˝ þž²
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦şÞž=šÐ³ˇłğł¸²=ðšÐý˚Þ− ¼=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
?Ó¹− ³¦K=Ò¼ ýŁşÝ− ¼?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =³ĆýŁ−Ý−=×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
Ú− =ÈšþÐðş =ý− ¼
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł ¸³š½š=½ž=ŠÐð¸=³ˇ ²=Ý˝ ³½ˇ =Ý˚ þšğ Þ=łÐˇ =½ž=
ý˚ ¦− Š− =šÐ³ˇłğł ¸²=ðšÐý˚ Þ− ¼=ÚVK
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=šÐ³ˇłğł ¸²=ðšÐý˚Þ− ¼I=³½ž=ý˚¦− Š−=šÐ³ˇ łğł¸²=
ðšÐý˚Þ− ¼=ÚVI=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ú− =ÈšþÐðş =ý− ¼?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=Þ˚ˇ ²=Ý˚ þž²?=ðˇ Ð=šÐ³˙ł š½š=ý˝ˇ=Þ˚ˇ=Ý˚ þžK
„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ=ý˝ˇ ²=Ý˚ þž²=³½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=šÐ³ˇłğł ¸²=ðšÐý˚Þ− ¼I=³½ž=ý˚¦− Š−=šÐ³ˇ łğł¸²=
ðšÐý˚Þ− ¼=ÚVI=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ú− =ÈšþÐðş =ý− ¼?K
OK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½ž=Ý˚ þž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ ?K
QK
„ךþš¹łˇ ³½š˝ ½š=½ž=Ý˚þžK
PM „гˇłğł ¸=ıˇ ¹ˇ 𽸹 ğÞ
ı ¹¸³ž=Ó¹−½Ć ×ğ Þ
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=šÐ³˙ łš½š=₣ ˇ ¹ˇ 𽸹š²I=ý×− ¹š ˝ ½š=Þ ˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý − × − и³š½š=½Ð²=
¾¹˙ ³šÐ²=×− ¼=˚₣− ¼Þ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ğ ¹ž¦š˝ =³½ˇ =Ó¹ş ½¼×ˇ =Ëš˝ ýšÞˇK
·Ðˇ =ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹š²=Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½ž=ŠžýÐ−¼¹ł˝ˇ =
×¹ş ½¼×ğ Þ=ðšÐý˚Þğ ÞI=Šš˝ ½š=?Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=Ù¹˙ ³šğ Þ=³š=Ó¹ş ½¼×ˇ=
Ëš˝ ýšÞˇ ?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ TNK
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž =šÐ³ˇłğł¸²=ðšÐý ˚Þ− ¼=ýš½ˇðÐÞ¸³½š=½−=й−ý ˚ˇ=
³½ž=¦˚ ³ž=×− ¼=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ=šÐ³˙łš½š=½−=×¹ş½¼×−K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ЊÐð˚ ²=Ô¼¦ýK?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„гˇł K=Ó¹−½Ć×− ¼?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =×¹ş ½¼×− =ðš˝ ýšÞ− =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
fl Þ½Ðł¹ ˇ ¾¸I=fl×− ð − ׸=ð ˇ Ð=„×Ðð ş ÝÝž³ž=ËšÐý ˚Þ− ¼
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦şÞž=šÐ³ˇ łğł¸²= ðšÐý˚Þ −¼I=×Ð˚³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š× ÐÝ˚þ½š=
?„ЊÐð˚ ²=Ô¼¦ýK?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl Þ½Ðł¹ˇ ¾¸?=¸=?fl ×−ð− ׸?K
PK
Íš½ˇ ðÐÞ¸³½š=½−=й−ý˚ˇ =³½−=×¹ć½−=ł¹˙ ýýˇ =×−¼=¦ˇ=
ˇ Þ½Ðł¹ ˇ ¾š˝ =¸=¦ˇ =ˇ × − ð − ך ˝ =ð ˇ ÐI=ð ˇ½ş ×ÐÞI=×Ð ˚ ³½š= K
QK
Íš½ˇ ðÐÞ¸³½š=½−=й−ý˚ˇ =³½−=½šÝ𼽎˝ −=ł¹˙ ýýˇ =łÐˇ =Þˇ =
ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ך¹Ð−₣ ¸=ðˇ ÐI=ðˇ½ş ×ÐÞI=×Ð˚ ³½š= K
RK
Íš½ˇ ðÐÞ¸³½š=½−=й−ý˚ˇ =³½−=³žýš˝ −=×−¼=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ=
š×Ðð− Ýݸ³š½š=½ˇ=ł ¹˙ýýˇ½ˇK
SK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ЊÐð˚ ²=Ô¼¦ýK?K
TK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„×Ððş ÝÝž³ž?K
„гˇłğł ¸=ıˇ ¹ˇ 𽸹ğ ÞP N
ı ¹¸³ž=½−¼=ÍšÞ−Ć
ËĆ ¹Ð− =ýšÞ−Ć
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²K
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=½− =ËĆ ¹Ð− =ýšÞ−Ć K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=aI=bI=c=¸=d=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =ýˇ¹ð˙¹š½š=½−=ýšÞ−Ć=×−¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½š=ðˇ ÐI=³½ž=³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇ I=×Ð˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =×¹ş³Łˇ ³ž=³½ž=
ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=× − ¼=³ˇ ²=šÞŠÐˇ¾˚ ¹šÐK
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½Ð²=š×ÐÝ−ł˚ ²=½− ¼=ýšÞ−Ć I=Šš˝½š=
?È˝ ³½ˇ =½ğ Þ=Țн− ¼¹łÐć Þ=ÍšÞ−Ć ?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ NPOK
ı ¹¸³ž=½−¼=ýšÞ−Ć =ýš=½žÞ= −¦ş Þž=³½ž=¦ ˚³ž=×¹−Ł− ݸ²
NK
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³½š=½− =½žÝ˚¾ğ Þ−=³½ž=¦˚³ž=×¹−Ł− ݸ²=½ž²= −¦şÞž²K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=Y=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =š ý¾ˇÞг½š˝=½−=ËùÐ−=ýšÞ−ĆK
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=V=¸=W=ł Ðˇ=Þˇ=ðÐÞ¸³š½š=½− =й−ý ˚ˇ =×˙Þğ =¸=ð˙½ğ I=ýš½˙=
×Ð˚ ³½š=
X
=¸=YK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=Z=ł Ðˇ =š×г½¹− ¾¸=³½− =ËĆ ¹Ð− =ýšÞ−Ć K
Ì=й−ý˚ˇ ²=ý𽎠ðÐÞš˝ ½ˇ Ð=ýš=½− Þ=˝ ŠÐ− =½¹ş×−=ş×ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=³½žÞ=
ðˇ Þ− ÞÐð¸=¦˚ ³ž=½ž²=− ¦ş Þž²=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×−Ðć Þ½ˇ ²=½−=
·Ðˇ =ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹š²=Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½ž=ݚн−¼¹ł˝ˇ =
ˇ ¼½ćÞ=½ğ Þ=×ݸð½¹ğ ÞI=Šš˝½š=½ž=³šÝ˝ Ў NMK
V
=ðˇ Ð=WK
PO ı ¹¸³ž=½− ¼=ÍšÞ−Ć
ÓÝ¸ð½¹ˇ =Ò¼Þ½ş ýš¼³ž²
Í× − ¹š ˝½š=Þ ˇ=ýš½ ˇŁš ˝ ½š=³½ ˇ=ýšÞ −Ć =×Ð ˚Ž− Þ½ ˇ ²= =ð ˇÐ=½ ˇ=
ˇ¹Ð¦ýž½Ðð ˙=×ݸ𽹠ˇ=ł Ð ˇ=½ −Þ= ˇÞ½ ˝³½ −Ð ₣−= ˇ¹Ð¦ý ş=³½ −=Ë Ć¹Ð −=
ýšÞ −Ć K=·Ð ˇ= ˇ ¹Ð¦ý −Ć ²= ˇ×ş =½ − =NM= ğ ²=½ − =NOI=×Ð ˚³½š= =ð ˇÐ=
Q
ENMFI=
ÍšÞ−Ć ?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ NPOK
ÌÐ=³¼Þ½− ýšĆ ³šÐ²=ס¹−¼³Ð˙Ž− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½Ð²=ðš¾ˇÝ˝ Šš²=ˇ ¼½−Ć =½− ¼=
− Šžł−Ć =₣ ¹¸³ž²K
Óˇ ¹ˇ Šš˝łýˇ ½ˇ WÍ š ½˙Ł ˇ³ž=³½−=‡−ž¦ž½Ððş=ÍšÞ−Ć =?sбЗЙзл?=
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
=ENNF=¸=R=ENOFK=‚š ˝ ½š=?È ˝ ³½ ˇ=½ ğÞ=Țн − ¼¹ ł Ð ć Þ=
Ej=SJQF=ı ¹ž ³Ðý−×−ÐćÞ½ˇ²=ÓÝ¸ð½¹ˇ=
Ò¼Þ½ş ýš¼³ž²
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =L=JK
Íš½˙Ł ˇ ³ž=³½−=‡− ž¦ž½Ððş=ÍšÞ−Ć =?ÌÝÐðş ?=
Ej=TJNNJOF=ı¹ž³Ðý−×−ÐćÞ½ˇ ²=ÓÝ¸ð½¹ˇ=
Ò¼Þ½ş ýš¼³ž²
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =M=Q=HK
Íš½˙Ł ˇ ³ž=³½−=‡− ž¦ž½Ððş=ÍšÞ−Ć =?‚ş Þž³ž?=
Ej=NOJPJQF=ı ¹ž³Ðý−×−ÐćÞ½ˇ ²=ÓÝ¸ð½¹ˇ=
Ò¼Þ½ş ýš¼³ž²
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =R=I=JK
Úˇ =×Ý¸ð½¹ˇ =³¼Þ½ş ýš¼³ž²=ݚн− ¼¹ł−ĆÞ=ýşÞ− Þ=łÐˇ =½ˇ=½¹˝ˇ =
׹㽎 =š×˝ ×šŠˇ=½−¼=ýšÞ−ĆK
P
=
ı ¹¸³ž=½−¼=ÍšÞ−Ć PP
È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס ¾ć Þ
Ò½ž=È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ=ý×−¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ ³š½š=½− ¼²=ˇ ¹Ð¦ý−Ć ²=
½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼= ðˇ Ð=½Ð²=ŠÐš¼¦Ć Þ³šÐ²=Éã~áä=½ğ Þ=¾˝Ýğ Þ=³ˇ ²I=½ğ Þ=ýšÝć Þ=
½ž²=− Ðð−ł˚ ÞšÐˇ ²=ðˇ Ð=½ğ Þ=³¼Þš¹łˇ½ ć Þ=³ˇ ²K
Ò½− =½žÝ˚¾ğ Þş =³ˇ ²=ý×−¹−Ć Þ=Þˇ=ˇ×− ¦žðš¼½−Ć Þ=˚ğ²=ð ˇÐ=RMM=
ðˇ ½ˇ₣𠹸³šÐ²K=Òš=ý˝ˇ =È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס ¾ć ÞI=ý×− ¹š˝½š=Þˇ=
ˇ ×− ¦žðš Ć ³š½š=½ ˇ =ס ¹ˇ ð˙ ½ğ =³½ − Ð ₣ š ˝ˇ W
Ò½−Ð₣š˝ˇ =×− ¼=fl×− ¦žðš Ć− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½ž=ÍÞ¸ýž=½− ¼=ڞݚ¾ćÞ−¼
⁄ Þ− ý ˇ˚ ğ²=ðˇÐ=NS= ₣ ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²
„×ć Þ¼ý− ˚ ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=NS=₣ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²
ÚžÝ˚ ¾ğ Þ− ˚ ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=P=ˇ ¹Ð¦ý−˝ =½žÝš¾ć Þ− ¼=E˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=
‚ÐšĆ ¦K=bã~áä ˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=P=ŠÐš¼¦Ć Þ³šÐ²=bã~áä=E˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=
ˡ ½žł− ¹˝ˇ NS=ðˇ ½žł− ¹˝ š²
ÌŠş ²=C=fl ¹Ð¦ýş² ˚ ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=SQ=₣ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²
Óş Ýž ˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=SQ=₣ˇ ¹ˇ 𽸹š²
Î− ýş ²L‚¸ý− ² ˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=SQ=₣ˇ ¹ˇ 𽸹š²
Úˇ₣ ¼Š¹K=Ëğ ŠÐðş ² ˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=OM=₣ˇ ¹ˇ 𽸹š²
ı ć¹ ˇ˚ ğ²=ðˇÐ=PO= ₣ ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž ˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=ORS=₣ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²
Âýš¹K=·˚ ÞÞž³ž² Ežýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇF
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ Eş Þ− ýˇ =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− ¼F
=Ej=UJNF
PO=Ğ ž¾˝ˇ =− =ðˇ ¦˚ Þˇ ²F
NOU=₣ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²=− =ðˇ¦˚Þˇ ²F
fl ޽г½K=ÚşÞ− ¼L
sáÇÉç
ͼ³½Ððş E„Þš¹łş =¸=Íž=šÞš¹łş F
Ò½−Ð₣š˝ˇ=× −¼=fl×− ¦žðš Ć− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½ž=ÍÞ¸ýž= p fj=Ešþˇ ¹½˙½ˇ Ð=ˇ ׺ =
½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇ =pfjF
⁄ Þ− ý ˇ˚ ğ²=ðˇÐ=NS= ₣ ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²
ÚžÝ˚¾ğ Þ− ˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=O=ˇ ¹Ð¦ý−˝ =½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=E˚ğ²=ð ˇÐ=
‚ÐšĆ ¦K=bã~áä ˚ğ ²=NOU=₣ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²=E¸=₣ğ ¹˝ ²=
ˡ ½žł− ¹˝ˇ ˚ ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=NS=ðˇ ½žł− ¹˝ š²
flÝÝ ˇł¸=³šÐ¹ ˙²= −Þ −ý ˙½ğ Þ
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Í− ¹¾¸=−Þşýˇ ½− ²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?⁄Þ− ýˇ =„× ćÞ¼ý− ?=¸=?„×ć Þ¼ý−=⁄ Þ− ýˇ ?K
fl Ýݡ ł¸=½ž²=È ˝ ³½ˇ ²=×−¼=„ý¾ ˇ Þ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ê˚ ³ž=„ס¾ć Þ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ò¼³ðš¼¸?=¸=?pfj?K
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=½ž²=ÍÞ¸ýž²=fl×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž²
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?fl ×K=Î˚ğ Þ=„ס ¾K=³š?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=ˇ×ş =?Ò¼³ð𼏠?I=?pfj?=¸=?„×ÐÝK=×¹ÐÞ=½žÞ=ˇ×−¦¸ðK?K
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
?„×ÐÝK=×¹ÐÞ=½žÞ=ˇ×− ¦¸ðK?=³ˇ ²=×¹− ½¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ł š½š=½ž=
ýÞ¸ýž=ð˙ ¦š=¾−¹˙ =×− ¼=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ š½š=ý˝ˇ =Þ˚ˇ =ðˇ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³žK
Eş Þ− ýˇ =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− ¼F
PO=Ğ ž¾˝ˇ =− =ðˇ ¦˚ Þˇ ²F
ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=bã~áäF
=Ej=UJUJNF
=Ej=UJUJOF
=Ej=UJUJPF
PQ È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ
Úˇ þÐÞş ýž³ž=½ğ Þ=ˡ ½ˇ₣𠹸³šğ Þ=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס ¾ć Þ=
Ej=UJUJQF
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ˇ ÝÝ˙ þš½š=½žÞ=³šÐ¹˙ =½ğ Þ=ðˇ½ˇ ₣𠹸³šğ Þ=½ž²=
È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס ¾ć Þ=³š=ˇÝ¾ˇŁž½Ðð¸=³šÐ¹ ˙=¸=ˇÞ˙=ðˇ½žł− ¹˝ˇK
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Úˇ þÐÞş ýž³ž=š×ˇ¾ć Þ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ݾˇŁ ž½Ðð˙ ?=¸=?Íš=ˡ ½žł− ¹˝ˇ ?K
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=Î˚ˇ²=„ס ¾¸²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=š˝ ½š=½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=½− ¼=½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=š˝ ½š=½ž=
ýÞ¸ýž=½ž²=ð˙¹½ˇ ²=pfj=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆ ³š½š=½ž=Þ˚ˇ =
ðˇ ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³žK=·Ðˇ =Þˇ=ˇ ÝÝ˙ þš½š=½Ð²=¦˚ ³šÐ²I=Šš˝ ½š=?„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=½ž²=
ÍÞ¸ýž²=fl×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ PQK
Ú− =×ݸ¦− ²=½ğ Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýć Þ=½žÝš¾ć Þ− ¼=×− ¼=ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=
ˇ ×− ¦žðš Ć ³š½š=³½žÞ=ð ˙ ¹½ˇ =pfj=šþˇ ¹½˙ ½ˇ Ð=ˇ ׺ =½ž= ₣ğ ¹ž½Ðð ş ½ž½ ˙ =
½ž²K=„×Ðð− ÐÞğ Þ¸³½š=ýš=½− Þ=ס¹−₣ ˚ˇ =¼×ž¹š³Ðć Þ=³ˇ²=łÐ ˇ=
×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²K
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ?= →=?Ó¹− ³¦K=k˚ˇ ²=„×K?
„ ˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ ˚ þš½š=?„×ÐÝK=×¹ÐÞ=½žÞ= ˇ×−¦¸ðK?= łÐ ˇ =½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=× −¼=¦ ˇ=
₣¹ž³Ðý −× −О¦š ˝I=½ ş½š=ý×−¹š ˝½š=Þ ˇ=š×ÐÝ ˚þš½š= ˇÞ ˙ýš³ ˇ=³½ž=?Ò½ž=
ýÞ¸ýž=Ò¼³ðK?=ðˇÐ=½ž=?Ò½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=pfj?K
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =×šŠ˝− =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =³¼ý×Ýž¹ć ³š½š=ðˇ Ð=
šÐ³˙ł š½š=½ž=³₣ š½Ðð¸=×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ˇ K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xfl×−¦¸ðKz=ş½ˇ Þ=½ šÝšÐć ³š½šK
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł ¸³š½š=ýÐˇ =ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³žI=¦ˇ =×¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ=
³¼ý×Ýž¹ć ³š½š=½− ¼Ý˙₣ г½− Þ=˚Þˇ=ˇ×ş =½ˇ =×šŠ˝ˇ =E?⁄Þ− ýˇ ?I=
?„×ć Þ¼ý− ?I=?ÚžÝ˚¾ğ Þ− ?=¸=?‚ÐšĆ¦K=bã~áä?=łÐˇ=½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=½ž²=
³¼³ð𼏲=ðˇ Ð=?⁄Þ− ýˇ ?I=?ÚžÝ˚¾ğ Þ− ?=¸=?‚ÐšĆ ¦K=bã~áä?=łÐˇ =½ž=
ýÞ¸ýž=½ž²=ð˙ ¹½ˇ ²=pfjFK
Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=Èš×½− ýš¹šÐć Þ=³½Ð²=„ס¾˚ ²=ý−¼
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹸³š½š=ðˇ Ð=Þˇ =š×šþš¹łˇ ³½š˝ ½š=½ž=ŠÐð¸=³ˇ ²=
š×ˇ ¾¸=ş×ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=½Ð²=˙ ÝÝš²=ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹸³šÐ²=½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć ÞK
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ò½−Ð₣ K=„ס ¾K=Í− ¼?
=Ej=UJRF
fl Þ½Ðł¹ ˇ ¾¸=ˡ ½ˇ₣𹸳šğ Þ=È˝ ³½ ˇ ²=„× ˇ¾ć Þ=ýš½ ˇþĆ =
Ë˙ ¹½ˇ ²=pfj= ðˇ Ð=Ò¼³ð𼏲
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?‚Ðˇ₣š ˝ ¹Ð³ž=š×ˇ¾ć Þ?= →=?fl Þ½Ðł¹ˇ ¾¸=⁄ Ýğ Þ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=ˇ×ş =?fl׺ =pfj=³š=Ò¼³ðš¼¸?=¸=?fl׺=Ò¼³ðš¼¸=³š=
pfj?K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=½−×− ¦š½¸³š½š=½žÞ=ð˙¹½ˇ =pfj=³½−=½žÝ˚¾ğ Þ ş =³ ˇ ²= łÐˇ =
׹㠽ž=¾−¹˙ =ðˇ Ð=þšðÐÞ¸³š½š=½žÞ=𾎠¹ý−ł ¸=½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ²=
„ס¾ć ÞI=¦ˇ =šý¾ˇ Þг½š˝=ˇ ¼½şýˇ ½ˇ =ž=−¦şÞž=š×ÐŁšŁˇ˝ ğ ³ž²=ðˇ Ð=
¦ˇ =š¹ğ ½ž¦š˝ ½š=š˙ Þ=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹−₣𠹸³š½š=¸=ş₣ Ð=³½žÞ=
ˇ Þ½Ðł¹ ˇ ¾¸K=Ì=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş²=½ğ Þ=ð ˇ ½ˇ ₣𹸳šğ Þ=È ˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס ¾ć Þ=
×− ¼=ý×− ¹−Ć Þ=Þˇ =ˇ Þ½Ðł ¹ˇ¾−Ć Þ=šþˇ¹½˙½ˇÐ=ˇ×ş=½ž=
₣ğ ¹ž½Ððş ½ž½ˇ=½ž²=ð˙ ¹½ˇ ²=pfjK
≥
„ ˙Þ= − =ŠÐ ˇ¦ ˚³Ðý − ²= ₣ć ¹ − ²=ýÞ¸ýž²=ŠšÞ=š× ˇ¹ðš ˝=ł Ð ˇ =½žÞ=
ˇ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž=şÝğ Þ=½ğ Þ=ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹸³šğ ÞI=ž=ˇÞ½Ðł¹ˇ¾¸=Šš=
ý× − ¹š ˝=Þ ˇ=− Ý − ðÝž¹ 𠦚 ˝K
=Ej=UJVJNF
È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס ¾ć ÞP R
„Ć ¹š³ž=ÌÞş ýˇ ½− ²
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ?
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½ˇ =׹㽎=ł ¹˙ýýˇ½ˇ =½− ¼=− Þşýˇ ½− ²K
Ú ˇ= ˇ× − ½šÝ ˚³ý ˇ½ ˇ=½ž²= ˇÞ ˇŽ¸½ž³ž²=šý¾ ˇÞ ˝ Ž− Þ½ ˇ Ð=³š=
ˇÝ¾ ˇŁž½Ðð¸=³šÐ¹ ˙K
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½ž=¦˚ ³ž=½ğ Þ=„ס¾ć ÞI=?Ò¼³ðš¼¸?=¸=
?pfj?I=×¹ÐÞ=ˇ×ş=½žÞ=ˇÞˇŽ¸½ž³žK
Ëݸ³ž=ˇ×ş =½ž=È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ðˇ ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½š=ðˇÐ=×Ð˚ ³½š= DK
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
„˙ Þ=˚₣− ¼Þ=ðˇ ½ˇ₣ğ¹ž¦š ˝ =ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹− Ð=ˇ ¹Ð¦ý−˝ I=ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=
½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=×− ¼= ¦˚ Ýš½š=ýš½˙ =½−=ُýˇ=N=ðˇÐ=×Ð˚³½š=
D
K
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=ˇðş ýž=Þˇ =ðˇÝ˚ ³š½š=ˇ×ş =½žÞ=− ¦ş Þž=Ýš×½− ýš¹šÐć Þ=
½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć ÞK=Ò½žÞ=− ¦şÞž=Ýš×½−ýš¹šÐć ÞI=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=
ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş=½žÝš¾ć Þ− ¼=× − ¼=¦ ˚ Ýš½š=ð ˇ Ð=×Ð ˚ ³½š=
D
K
„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ=ˡ½ˇ ₣𠹸³šğ Þ=½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć Þ
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ðˇ ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =
š×šþš¹łˇ ³½š˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ ?K
PK
fl ÝÝ˙ þ½š=½Ð ²=×Ýž¹−¾− ¹˝š²K
QK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xfl×− ¦¸ðKz=ş ½ˇ Þ=½šÝšÐć ³š½šK
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=ýÐˇ ²=ÍÐð¹−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ ²=³š=ýÐˇ =ˡ ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ðˇ ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½K=Ùğ½−ł ¹K?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
SK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xfl×− ¦¸ðKz=ş ½ˇ Þ=½šÝšÐć ³š½šK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
„˙ Þ=ŠÐˇł ¹˙Ğ š½š=ˇ ׺ =½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=½ž²=³¼³ð𼏲=ý˝ˇ =
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ I=¦ˇ=ŠÐˇł¹ ˇ¾š˝=ðˇÐ=ž=ˇÞ½˝³½−Ð₣ž=ýÐð¹−ł¹ ˇ¾˝ˇ=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ ²K
PS È ˝³½ ˇ=„× ˇ¾ć Þ
fl޽г½ − ˝₣ž³ž= ◊₣−¼=Ë −¼Š −¼Þ ˝³ý ˇ½− ²=¸=sáÇÉç=`äáé=
Ë − ¼Š − ¼Þ ˝³ý ˇ½ − ²=³š=ð ˙¦š=Ë ˇ½ ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½K=ÚşÞ− ¼LsáÇÉç?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·Ðˇ =Ëݸ³ž=Ùğ Þ¸²?I=?·Ðˇ=Ëݸ³ž=sáÇ Éç?=¸=?·Ðˇ =Î˚−=
͸޼ýˇ ?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ K=ÚşÞ−¼?=¸=?fl޽г½ −˝ ₣K=sáÇÉç?K
⁄½ ˇÞ=š×ÐÝ ˚þš½š=? fl޽г½ − ˝₣K=sáÇÉç?I=ýš½ ˇŁš ˝½š=³½ −= ُý ˇ=TK
SK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ¹¼¦ýгýK=◊₣− Ð?=¸=?ÌÐ=◊₣− Ð=j− ¼?K
TK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=¸₣− =¸=½− =îáÇÉ ç=Åäáé=ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ½− ²=×− ¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
UK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xfl×−¦¸ðKz=ş½ˇ Þ=½ šÝšÐć ³š½šK
‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=ˡ½ˇ₣𠹸³šğ Þ=½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć Þ
‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=⁄Ýğ Þ=½ğ Þ=ˡ½ˇ₣𹸳šğÞ=„ס¾ć Þ
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?‚Ðˇ₣š ˝ ¹Ð³ž=š×ˇ¾ć Þ?= →=?‚Ðˇł ¹K=ˡ½ˇ₣𠹸³K?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ˡ½ˇ₣ğ ¹K=Ò¼³ð𼏲?=¸=?ˡ½ˇ₣𹸳šÐ²=pfj?K
OK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =³¼³ð𼏲K
Ì=×¹− š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− ²=ðğ ŠÐðş ²=³¼³ð𼏲=š˝Þˇ Ð=?VVVV?K=·Ðˇ=
Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=ˇ Ýݡł ¸=½− ¼=ðğ ŠÐð−Ć =
³¼³ð𼏲I=Šš˝ ½š=?fl Ýݡł ¸=Ëğ ŠÐð−Ć =Ò¼³ð𼏲?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ NMUK
‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=ý˝ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²=„ס ¾¸²
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸?K
=Ej=UJVJPF
‚Ðˇ₣š ˝ ¹Ð³ž=ˡ ½žł− ¹˝ˇ ²
·Ðˇ =ð˙ ¦š=ðˇ ½žł− ¹˝ˇ =ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=− ¹˝ ³š½š=ŠÐˇ¾− ¹š½Ðð−Ć ²=¸₣− ¼²=
ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²K=„˙ Þ=ŠšÞ=ˇ ÝÝ˙ þš½š=½− Þ=¸₣− =ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²=
ý˝ˇ ²=ðˇ ½žł− ¹˝ˇ ²=¦ˇ =₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− К˝ ½ˇ Ð=− =¸₣−²=ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²=
×− ¼=˚₣ š½š=ˇ ޽г½− Ð₣ ¸³šÐ=³½− =ýšÞ−Ć=Ó¹−¾˝ ÝK
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?‚Ðˇ₣š ˝ ¹K=ˡ ½žł K?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ðˇ ½žł−¹˝ˇ=× − ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl޽г½K=ÚşÞ−¼LsáÇÉç?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·Ðˇ =Ëݸ³ž=Ùğ Þ¸²?I=?·Ðˇ =Ëݸ³ž=sáÇÉç?=¸=?·Ðˇ=Î˚−=
͸޼ýˇ ?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ K=ÚşÞ− ¼?=¸=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ K=sáÇÉç?K
⁄½ ˇÞ=š×ÐÝ ˚þš½š=? fl޽г½ − ˝₣K=sáÇÉç?I=ýš½ˇŁš ˝½š=³½ −= ُý ˇ=SK
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ¹¼¦ýгýK=◊₣− Ð?=¸=?ÌÐ=◊₣− Ð=j−¼?K
SK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=¸₣− =¸=½− =обЗЙз=Едбй=р− ¼Š−¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ½− ²=×−¼=
¦˚ Ýš½šK
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=šÞş ²=¸₣− ¼=
ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²=¸=šÞş ²=обЗЙз=Едбй=р− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ½− ²I=Šš˝ ½š=
±fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž=šÞş ²=◊₣− ¼=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²≤ =¸=
?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž=šÞş ²=fl ¹₣ š˝− ¼=sáÇÉç=`äáé=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ½− ²?=
³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ VQK=
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×šþš¹łˇ³½š˝½š=ý şÞ−=½ˇ=− Þş ýˇ ½ˇ =½ğ Þ=
ðˇ ½žł− ¹Ðć Þ=×− ¼=š˝ Þˇ Ð=ˇ ×− ¦žðš¼ý˚ Þˇ=³½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇ =pfjK=‚šÞ=
ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×šþš¹łˇ³½š˝½š=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝³šÐ²=¸₣−¼=
ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²=¸=обЗЙз=р− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ½− ²K
=Ej=UJPF
È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס ¾ć ÞP T
„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ=½− ¼=ÌÞşýˇ½− ²=ˡ½žł− ¹˝ˇ²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×šþš¹łˇ ³½š˝ ½š=½ˇ=− Þş ýˇ½ˇ =½ğ Þ=ðˇ ½žł− ¹Ðć Þ=×− ¼=
¦ˇ =ˇ ޽г½−Ð₣ ¸³š½š=³½Ð²=ðˇ½ˇ ₣𠹸³šÐ²=½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ²=„ס¾ć ÞK=ˡ½D=
ˇ ¹₣ ¸ÞI= ˇ ÝÝ˙ þ½š=½ž=È˝ ³½ˇ =„× ˇ¾ć Þ=× − ¼=šý¾ ˇ Þ˝ Žš½ ˇ Ð=E³šÝK PQFK
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?‚Ðˇ₣š ˝ ¹K=ˡ ½žł K?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ş Þ− ýˇ =ðˇ ½ž ł−¹˝ˇ ²=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþK=ÌÞşýˇ ½−²?K
PK
fl ÝÝ˙ þ½š=½−=ş Þ − ý ˇ K
Ìý˙ Šš²=š×ˇ ¾ć Þ
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł ¸³š½š=ý˝ˇ=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =³½˚ ÝÞš½š=½−=˝ ŠÐ−=
ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =³š=ý˝ˇ =− ý˙ Ў =ס ¹ˇ Ýž×½ć Þ=½ˇ ¼½ş₣ ¹− Þˇ K=Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=
ðˇ ½ˇ₣𠹸³š½š=˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=R=− ý˙ Šš²K
‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=ý˝ˇ ²=Î˚ˇ ²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²= ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ìý˙ Šš²=š×ˇ¾ć Þ?= →=?Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=Þ˚ˇ²=−ý˙ Ў ²?=
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½−=şÞ−ýˇ=½ž²=−ý ˙Ў ²K
Ú −=Þ ˚− = şÞ −ý ˇ = −ý ˙ Š ˇ ²=šý¾ ˇ Þ ˝ Žš½ ˇ Ð=ýš½ ˙ =½žÞ=½šÝš¼½ ˇ˝ˇ =
−ý˙ Ў =½ž²= −¦ şÞž²=È ˝³½ ˇ²=Ìý ˙Š ğÞK
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=Óˇ¹ˇ Ýž×½ć Þ=³š=ý˝ˇ =Ìý˙ Ў =
Í×−¹−Ć Þ=Þˇ =ðˇ½ˇ₣ğ ¹ž¦−Ć Þ=˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=OM=ס¹ˇ ݸ׽š²=³š=ð˙¦š=
Ý˝ ³½ˇ K
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ìý˙ Šš²=š×ˇ¾ć Þ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=şÞ−ýˇ =−ý˙ Ў ²=×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ K=Þ˚ˇ²=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹K?K=
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ž=−¦ş Þž=Ýš×½− ýš¹šÐć ÞK
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=¸=½ž=ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ ž=bã~áä=×−¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
=Ej=UJSF
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
„ ˙Þ=½¹ − × − × − и³š½š=½žÞ=ð ˇ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž=× − ¼= ˚ ₣ š½š=
ˇÞ½Ð³½ −Ð ₣¸³šÐ=³š=ý˝ˇ=− ý˙ЎI=¦ˇ=₣ ¹šÐ ˇ³½š˝=Þˇ=š× ˇÞ ˇÝ ˙Łš½š=
½žÞ=ˇ ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž=³½žÞ=−ý˙ Ў K=ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚þ½š=
?„×ˇÞˇ ޽г½K=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹K?=³½−=Ł ¸ýˇ =OK
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇł¹ ˙Ğ š½š=ý˝ˇ =ðˇ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž= ˇ×ş =½žÞ=−ý˙ Ў I=×Ð˚³½š=
x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł¹ˇ¾¸=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć¹K?=³½−=ُý ˇ=OK
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇł¹ ˙Ğ š½š=ý˝ˇ =− ý˙ Ў I=ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ş Þ− ýˇ =− ý˙ Ў ²=
ðˇ Ð=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKzI=³½ž=³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸?=³½−=
Ł ¸ýˇ=NK
fl×− ³½− ݸ=ÍžÞĆýˇ½ −²=ı¹ž³Ðý−×−Ð ćÞ½ ˇ²=½ž= È ˝³½ˇ=ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ìý˙ Šš²=š×ˇ¾ć Þ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ş Þ− ýˇ =− ý˙Ў ²=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚žýK=ÍžÞĆýˇ½− ²?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=½Ć×− =ýžÞĆýˇ ½−²=×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
·Ðˇ =×¹ş ³¦š½š²=ŠÐˇ ŠÐðˇ³˝ š²I=Šš˝ ½š=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚ − ¼=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ RMK=
PU È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ
ˡ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ÍÞ¸ýž²
fl ¼½¸=ž=ݚн −¼¹ ł ˝ˇ =³ ˇ ²=Ł−ž¦ ˙ =Þ ˇ =šÝ ˚ ł₣š½š=½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=× − ¼=
₣¹ž³Ðý −× −К ˝½ ˇÐ= ˇ× ş=½ž=È ˝³½ ˇ=„× ˇ¾ ćÞK
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?‚Ðˇ₣š ˝ ¹Ð³ž=š×ˇ¾ć Þ?= →=?ˡ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ÍÞ¸ýž²?
=Ej=UJVJOF
È˝ ³½ˇ =Úˇ₣ š˝ˇ ²=Ëݸ³ž²
Ò½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ =½ˇ₣š ˝ˇ ²=ðݸ³ž²I=ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹸³š½š=˚ğ ²=ðˇÐ=
U=ˇ ¹Ð¦ý−Ć ²=½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=E³šÝK ONFK
„гˇłğł ¸=ˡ½ˇ₣𠹸³šğ Þ=½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć Þ=³½ž=È˝ ³½ˇ=
Úˇ₣ š˝ˇ ²=Ëݸ³ž²
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ³¦K=Úˇ₣K=Ëݸ³K?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=¦˚ ³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
Úˇ =šÞÞ˚ˇ =ˇ ¹Ð¦ýž½Ðð˙ =×Ý¸ð½¹ˇ =ˇ ޽г½− Ð₣−Ć Þ=³½− ¼²=ˇ ¹Ð¦ý−Ć ²=
½ž²=Ý˝ ³½ˇ ²K
„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ=È˝³½ˇ²=Úˇ₣š ˝ˇ²=Ëݸ³ž²
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =Úˇ₣ K=Ëݸ³?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=
š×šþš¹łˇ ³½š ˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„×ˇÞˇ ޽г½−˝₣ž³ž?=
E¸ ?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž?FK
=Ej=UJQF
fl ×− ³½ − ݸ=ý ˝ˇ ²=ˡ ½ˇ ₣ć¹ž³ž²=È ˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס ¾ć Þ
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž=×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×− ³½K=„ס¾¸²?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?˜²=͸޼ýˇ ?I=?Нš=_дмЙнззнЬ?=¸=?Нš=ЫЧ˚ ¹¼¦¹š²?K
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½ž=ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =šÞş ²=
ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=Šš˝ ½š=½− =?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚ − ¼=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ RMK
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=ˇ³Ć ¹ýˇ½− ¼=
_дмЙнззнЬ
=Šš˝ ½š=?_дмЙнззнЬ?=³½ž=³šЭ˝Šˇ NNNK=
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=Ûך¹Ć ¦¹ğ Þ=
Šš˝ ½š=?Û×˚ ¹¼¦¹š²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ NNPK
ȸРž=ý˝ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ ₣ć ¹ž³ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć Þ
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=½−=½žÝ ˚ ¾ğ Þ − =Ý ˇ ýŁ ˙ ÞšÐ=ý˝ˇ =ðˇ ½ˇ ₣ć¹ž³ž=È ˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס ¾ć ÞI=
šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=˚Þˇ =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =š×ÐŁšŁ ˇ˝ğ³ž²=³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=
ˇ Þˇ ý− Þ¸²K
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xΡ ÐzK
Â=Ýž¾¦š˝³ˇ =ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ 𽎠Ð=³½ž=È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć ÞK=
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x⁄₣ Ðz=łÐˇ =ˇ ׺ ¹¹ÐĞ žK
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=šÐ³ˇłğł ¸=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šğ Þ=
¼×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ Þ=¸=ˇ³Ć ¹ýˇ ½ž²=³Ć ЮŠš³ž²=_дмЙнззнЬI=Šš˝ ½š=
?Ò¼ÞŠš³Ðýş ½ž½ˇ ?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ NNNK
È ˝³½ ˇ=„× ˇ¾ ć ÞP V
fl×− ³½− ݸ=ÍžÞĆ ý ˇ½− ²=Ùğ Þž½Ðð−Ć = fl×− ³× ˙³ý ˇ½− ²=
¸=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=sáÇÉç=`äáé=ı ¹ž³Ðý−×−Ðć Þ½ˇ ²=ý˝ˇ =
‚ÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=ˇ×ş =½ž=È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½š=ýˇŽ˝ =ýš=½− Þ=
ˇ ¹Ð¦ý ş=½ž Ýš¾ćÞ − ¼=¸=½ž=ŠÐš Ć ¦¼Þ³ž=bã~áä=× − ¼=¦ ˚Ýš½š=Þ ˇ =
₣¹ž³Ðý −× −и³š½šK
OK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=¸=½ž=ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=bã~áä=
×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚žýK=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½−²?K=
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ùğ Þž½Ððş =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ ?=¸=?͸޼ýˇ=обЗЙз?K
·Ðˇ =×¹ş ³¦š½š²=ŠÐˇ ŠÐðˇ³˝ š²I=Šš˝ ½š=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚ − ¼=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ RMK
Ò¼ ł₣ ¹ − Þгý ş ²=Ë ˇ½ ˇ₣𠹸³š ğ Þ=È ˝³½ ˇ²=„× ˇ¾ ć Þ=ýš=
ˇ¼½ ˚²=× −¼=¼× ˙¹₣− ¼Þ=³½− =fенЙкеЙн
Â=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =³¼ł₣ ¹− Þгý−Ć =ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þğ Þ=š˝Þˇ Ð=ý˝ˇ=¼×ž¹š³˝ˇ=
ŠÐð½Ć−¼=×− ¼=³ˇ ²= š×н¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ ³š½š=½Ð²=ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹸³šÐ²=
½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć Þ=×− ¼=¼×˙¹ ₣− ¼Þ=³½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=³¼³ð𼏲I=³½−=
ŠÐˇð− эР³½¸=fенЙкеЙнK=Ъˇ =ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þˇ =½ž²=ð˙ ¹½ˇ ²=pfj=ŠšÞ=¦ˇ=
ˇ ×− ¦žðš¼½ −Ć ÞK=„ łł ¹ ˇ ¾š˝ ½š=³š=ý˝ˇ =¼×ž¹š³˝ˇ =³¼ł₣¹− Þгý −Ć =
š×Ðð− ÐÞğÞć Þ½ˇ ²=ýš=½− =ð˚ Þ½¹− =¼×ž¹š³Ðć Þ=½− ¼=ŠÐð½Ć− ¼=³ˇ ²K
Ò¼ł₣ ¹− Þгýş ²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס ¾ć Þ
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ò¼ł₣ ¹− Þгýş ²?=
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ò¼ł₣ ¹− Þгýş ²=½ć ¹ˇ>?=łÐ ˇ=½−=³¼ł₣ ¹− Þгýş =½ğ Þ=
ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þğ ÞK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Â=š×ÐÝ−ł¸=?Ò¼ł₣ ¹− Þгýş ²=½ć ¹ˇ >?=ŠšÞ=š˝ Þˇ Ð=ŠÐˇ¦˚ ³Ðýž=ˇ Þ=ŠšÞ=
š˝ Þˇ Ð=šÞš¹ł ¸=ž=ÔĆ ¦ýгž=½− ¼=Ò¼ł₣ ¹− Þгý−Ć K
=Ej=UJTJNF
=Ej=UJTF
Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=½− ¼= fl¹₣ š˝− ¼=ˡ½ˇł ¹ˇ ¾¸² =
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ò¼ł₣ ¹− Þгýş ²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=ˇ¹₣ š˝− ¼?K
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=³¼ł₣¹− Þгý−Ć
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ò¼ł₣ ¹− Þгýş ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=³¼ł₣ ¹−Þгý−Ć?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½− Þ=š×Ц¼ýž½ş =Ý−łˇ ¹Ðˇ ³ýş =¸=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=
?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =Î˚− ¼?=łÐˇ =½žÞ=šÐ³ˇłğł¸=½ğÞ=ס¹ˇð˙½ğ=
¹¼¦ý˝ ³šğ ÞK
?⁄ Þ− ýˇ =Ó¹− ¾˝ Ý?W ⁄ Þ− ýˇ =×¹− ¾˝ Ý=³¼ł₣ ¹− Þгý−Ć =
?⁄ Þ− ýˇ =pЙкоЙк?W ‚ÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=ŠÐˇ ð− ýг½¸
?Úˇ ¼½ş ½ž½ˇ=ı ¹¸³½ž?W Â=½ˇ ¼½ş ½ž½ˇ=₣ ¹¸³½ž=ł Ðˇ=
?Ëğ ŠK=Ó¹ş³Łˇ ³ž²?W Ëğ ŠÐðş ²=×¹ş³Łˇ ³ž²=łÐˇ =
?ÓÝž¹šþ−óÐ−?W „×ÐÝ˚ł šÐ=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=mêçñó=łÐˇ =
?⁄ Þ− ýˇ =Ł˙ ³ž²=š×ˇ ¾ć Þ?W Ú− =ş Þ− ýˇ =½ž²=Ł˙ ³ž²=ŠšŠ− ý˚ Þğ Þ=
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
ÌÐ=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=³¼ł₣ ¹− Þгý−Ć =˚₣−¼Þ=¸Šž=×¹ ˇłý ˇ½− ×− О¦š˝=³½−=
½žÝ˚¾ğ Þş =³ˇ ²I=ˇÞ˙Ý −łˇ =ýš=½−Þ=ס¹−₣ ˚ˇ =¼×ž¹š³Ðć ÞK=ÿ³ğ ²=
˚₣−¼Þ=½š¦š ˝=ך¹Ð− ¹Ð³ý−˝ =³½žÞ=×¹−Ł− ݸI=ŠÐˇł¹ ˇ¾¸I=
ˇÞ½Ð ł¹ ˇ¾¸=¸=½¹−× −× −˝ ž³ž=ˇ¼½ć Þ=½ğ Þ=¹¼¦ý˝³šğÞK=
„×Ðð− ÐÞğ Þ¸³½š=ýš=½− Þ=ס¹−₣ ˚ˇ =¼×ž¹š³Ðć Þ=³ˇ ²=łÐˇ =
×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²K
=Ej=UJTJPF
=Ej=UJTJOF
EÍ−Þˇ ŠÐðş=şÞ−ýˇ F
½ˇ ¼½− ×−˝ ž³ž
½ˇ ¼½− ×−˝ ž³ž
³¼ł₣ ¹− Þгýş K
½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć Þ=³½−=
ŠÐˇð− ýг½¸
QM È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇÞ¸
Ú− =½žÝ˚ ¾ğ Þş =³ˇ ²=ŠÐˇ ¦˚ ½šÐ=ý˝ˇ =šÞ³ğýˇ ½ğý˚ Þž=Ğ ž¾Ðˇ ð¸=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸=ýš=½žÞ=− ×−˝ˇ =ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =½¹ˇŁ ¸þš½š=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=ðˇ Ð=Þˇ=ł ¹˙Ğ š½š=обЗЙз=ЕдбйлI=ş×−¼=ðÐ=ˇÞ=ٹ ˝³ðš³½šK=
fl¼½ ş=½ −=ðš¾ ˙Ý ˇÐ− =þšðÐÞ ˙=ýš=½Ð²= Ł ˇ³Ðð ˚²=ݚн −¼¹ ł ˝š²=ð ˇÐ=½Ð²=
ˇ× ˇÐ½−Ć ýšÞš²=ŠÐˇŠÐðˇ³ ˝š²=łÐˇ=½ž =Ý ¸ Ğ žI=½žÞ=ˇ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž=ðˇÐ=½žÞ=
ˇ×− ³½− ݸ=¾ğ ½−ł ¹ ˇ¾Ð ćÞ=ð ˇР=обЗЙз=ЕдбйлI=р ˇÐ=³¼Þš₣˝ŽšÐ=ýš=½Ð²=
ð− ÐÞ˚ ²=ðˇ Ð=ý− Þˇ ŠÐð˚ ²=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=½ž²=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸²=
ðˇ Ð=½ž²=Ý¸Ğ ž²=Ł˝ Þ½š−K
=Ej=RF
ȸРž=Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðć Þ
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇÞ¸?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =Þˇ =½¹ˇ Ł ¸þš½š=½ž=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ K
fl ð−Ćł š½ ˇ Ð=−=¸₣− ²=½− ¼=ðÝš ˝ ³½¹−¼=ð ˇ Ð=³½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=
×¹−Ł˙ ÝÝš½ˇ Ð=ž=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ =×− ¼=½¹ˇŁ ¸þˇ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xfl×−¦¸ðKzK
ÌÐ=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=×− ¼=˚₣ š½š=½¹ˇŁ ¸þšÐ=ˇ×− ¦žðš Ć− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½−=
ÛÝÐðş =ý− ¼K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ=ˇ ð¼¹ć ³š½šI=×Ð˚ ³½š=xflðĆ ¹ğ ³žzK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½š=½ž=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾ ˝ˇ =×− ¼=˚₣ š½š=½¹ˇŁ ¸þšÐ=×Ð˚ ³½š=
=³½−=Ł ¸ýˇ =O=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?˜²=͸޼ýˇ ?=ˇ×ş =½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸=
ˇ ×− ³½ − ݸ²K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=Y=ˇ Þ½˝ =ł Ðˇ = =³½ž=¦˚ ³ž=×¹−Ł− ݸ²=½ž²=−¦ş Þž²K
≥
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=ž=ŁÐÞ½š− ð ˙ ý𹎠=š˝ Þˇ Ð=šÞš¹ł− × − Оý ˚ ÞžI=×Ð ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=
ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ùğ½−ł ¹K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?I=¸=×Ð˚³½š=
− ¦ş Þž=³½ž=¦˚³ž=×¹−Ł− ݸ²F= łÐˇ =Þ ˇ =ýš½ ˇ Ł š˝ ½š=³½ž=ݚн − ¼¹ ł˝ˇ=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸²K
≥
„˙ Þ=×¹− ³×ˇ ¦¸³š½š=Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½š=ý˝ˇ =¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾ ˝ˇ =ýš=×−ÝĆ =
ýšł˙Ý − =ý˚ł š¦− ²=ˇ¹₣ š˝−¼I=½−=ý˚ łš¦−²=½ž²=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ²=¦ˇ=
×¹−³ˇ ¹ý− ³½š˝=ć ³½š=Þˇ=š˝Þˇ Ð=Š¼Þˇ ½¸=ž=ˇ×− ³½− ݸ=½ž²=ýš=
ý¸Þ¼ýˇ K=Â=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾ ˝ˇ =ýš=½−=ˇ ¹₣ Ððş=ý˚ łš¦−²=ˇ× −¦žðšĆš½ˇÐ=
³½− =ÛÝÐðş =ý− ¼K
c
=¸=Z=Eýš=½žÞ=
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =šÞš¹ł−×− и³š½š=½žÞ=¾ğ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=ýž₣ˇÞ¸=
×Ð˚Ž− Þ½ˇ ²=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ½ć Þ½ˇ ²=½−=
Þˇ =½¹ˇŁ ¸þš½š=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²I=ðˇ Ð=Þˇ =ˇ ¹₣˝³š½š=ðˇÐ=Þˇ=
³½ˇýˇ ½¸³š½š=½žÞ=šłł ¹ˇ ¾¸K
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ðÝšÐŠć³š½š=½žÞ=š³½˝ˇ³ž=×Ð˚Ž− Þ½ˇ ²= D=¸=
×Ð˚Ž− Þ½ˇ ²=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ =¸=šłł ¹˙Ğ š½š=˚ Þˇ=обЗЙз=ЕдбйK
fl¼½ −¾ ğ½ −ł¹ ˙¾ž³ž
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ= Łł˙ Ýš½š=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=½− ¼=šˇ ¼½−Ć =³ˇ ²I=
ð− н˙ Ž− Þ½ˇ ²=½žÞ=ðĆ ¹Ðˇ =− ¦ş ÞžK
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?
NK
OK
PK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =½¹ˇŁ¸þš½š=ýÐˇ =¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ =³½ž=¦˚³ž=Ó−¹½¹ ˚½− =ý− ¼
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =½¹ˇŁ ¸þš½š=½− =×− ¹½¹˚½− =³ˇ ²=ýš=½žÞ=šþ𠽚¹Ðð¸=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸K
NK
OK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
ÍžÞ=ך¹Ð³½¹˚Ğš½š=½žÞ=ðĆ¹Ðˇ=− ¦ş Þž=ˇ ¹Ð³½š¹ş ³½¹− ¾ˇ K=„˙ Þ=
ð˙ Þš½š=ð˙ ½Ð=½˚ ½− Ð− I=½− =½žÝ˚ ¾ğÞ−=ý×−¹š˝=Þˇ=ס¹− ¼³Ð˙ ³šÐ=
м³ÝšÐ½− ¼¹ł˝ˇ K
Y
=ðˇ½˙ =½− =¸ýг¼=×¹ÐÞ=½¹ˇŁ ¸þš½š=ýÐˇ=
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„³ğ ½K=¾ğ½−ł ¹K=ýž₣ˇÞ¸?K
◊=×Ð ˚³½š= P=³½ž=ݚн−¼¹ł˝ˇ=šÐð−Þ −³ð−×˝ −¼K
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =Þˇ =½¹ˇ Ł ¸þš½š=½ž=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ K
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xfl×− ¦¸ðKzK
Â=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ =×− ¼=˚₣ š½š=½¹ˇŁ¸þšÐ=ˇ× −¦žðšĆš½ˇÐ=³½− =ÛÝÐðş=
ý− ¼K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =š×г½¹˚Ğ š½š=³½žÞ=šþ𠽚¹Ðð¸=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸=
×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„þğ ½K=¾ğ½−ł ¹K=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸?=¸=
P
×Ð˚ ³½š=
Óš¹Ð³½¹˚Ğ š½š=½žÞ=ðĆ ¹Ðˇ=− ¦şÞž=NUMŒ=ŠšþÐ ş³½¹−¾ˇ =ˇ ׺=½žÞ=
ðˇ Þ− ÞÐð¸=¦˚ ³žK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=Y=³½žÞ=×Ýˇİ Þ¸=×Ýš¼¹˙ =½− ¼=½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼K
=³½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=šÐð −Þ− ³ð−×˝ − ¼K
Y
K=fl ×Ý˙ =×Ð˚ ³½š=½−= Y=ł Ðˇ =
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸ QN
÷þ−Š− ²=ˇ×ş=½ž=Țн−¼¹ł˝ˇ=Ù ğ½−ł¹ˇ¾Ðð¸²=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸²=³½ž=Ê˚³ž=
Ó¹−Ł− ݸ²
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=½−= Z=³½ž=¦˚ ³ž=×¹−Ł− ݸ²K
„łł ¹ˇ ¾¸=sáÇÉç=`äáéë
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ł ¹˙Ğ š½š=обЗЙз=Едбйл=эš=½− =½žÝ˚¾ğ Þş =³ˇ ²K=
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×− и³š½š=š×˝ ³ž²=ˇ ¼½¸=½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =
ˇ ðş ýž=ð ˇ Ð=ş½ ˇ Þ=ž=−¦ş Þž=Ł ¹ ˝ ³ð𽎠Ð=³½ž=¦˚ ³ž=×¹−Ł− ݸ²K
„łł ¹ˇ ¾¸=sáÇÉç=`äáéë
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?
Â=×¹− š×гðş מ³ž=šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=³½žÞ=−¦ş ÞžK
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=Y=³½ž=¦˚ ³ž=×¹−Ł−ݸ²=½ž²=−¦şÞž²K
OK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇðşĞš½š=½žÞ=šłł ¹ˇ ¾¸I=×Ð˚ ³½š= K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž?K
Ú− =обЗЙз=Едбй=ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆš½ˇÐ=³½ž=¦˚³ž=Ú −=¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼K
„˙ Þ=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =ð˙ Þš½š=×¹− š×гðş מ³ž=×¹ÐÞ=½žÞ=
ˇ ×− ¦¸ðš¼³žI=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹ − š×гð ş×ž³ž?K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½š=½− =обЗЙз=ЕдбйI=šЧРЭ˚ þ½š=?fl×− ¦¸ðK=C=
fl ×− ³½ − ݸ?K=Ò½ž=³¼Þ ˚₣ šÐ ˇ =š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=½ − Þ=½¹ ş×− =ˇ × − ³½ − ݸ²=
×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½šK=·Ðˇ =×¹ş ³¦š½š²=ŠÐˇ ŠÐðˇ³˝ š²I=Šš˝½š=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=
Î˚− ¼=ÍžÞĆ ýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ RMK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½š=½ˇ=обЗЙз=Едбйл=эşÞ− Þ=š˙ Þ=˚₣š½š=š×ÐÝ ˚þšÐ=
?·Ðˇ=fl×− ³½K=ÍžÞK?=łÐˇ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =šłł ¹ˇ ¾¸²K=·Ðˇ =
Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²I=Šš˝ ½š=?„×ÐÝ−ł¸=‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ²=ðˇ Ð=Íšł˚¦ − ¼²=
„łł ¹ˇ ¾¸²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ QTK
ı ¹¸³ž=½−¼=ÍšÞ−Ć =„×ÐÝ−łć Þ=ýš=½žÞ=̦ş Þž=³½ž=
Ê˚ ³ž=Ó¹−Ł− ݸ²
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=XK
Ú− =ÍšÞ−Ć =„×ÐÝ−łć Þ=šý¾ˇ Þ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð˙ K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=V=¸=W=ł Ðˇ=Þˇ=ýˇ¹ð˙¹š½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=×− ¼= ¦˚Ýš½š=ðˇÐ=
ýš½˙ =×Ð˚ ³½š=
Y
==łÐˇ =Þˇ =ð ˙Þš½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸=³ˇ ²K
Ë− ÐÞ˚ ²=Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=ł Ðˇ =½ž=Țн−¼¹ł˝ˇ =
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ð𸲠͞₣ˇ Þ¸²=ðˇ Ð=½ž=Țн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =sáÇÉç
ı ¹¸³ž=½ž²=È šÐ½−¼¹ł ˝ˇ²=ˆž¾Ðˇ ð −Ć =wççã
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=„×Ð× ˚Š− ¼=wççã
NK
Ò½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=šÐð−Þ− ³ð−×˝ − ¼=×Ð˚ ³½š= a=¸=bK
QO Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸
„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž=½− ¼=− ×½Ðð−Ć =òççã
Ú− =− ×½Ððş =òççã=³ˇ ²=š×н¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =ýšł š¦Ć Þš½š=½ž=¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ =
ýš=ýšłˇÝ Ć ½š¹ž=ðˇ¦ˇ¹ş ½ž½ˇ I=ý˚³ğ =½ž²=×¹ˇłý ˇ ½Ðð¸²=
ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ ²=òççã=½ğÞ=−×½ÐðćÞ=¾ˇð ćÞK=Ú−=−×½Ððş=òççã=
₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− К˝½ˇ Ð=˚ ğ ²=½− =š×˝×šŠ − =òççã=x
¼×š¹Łˇ˝ ÞšÐ=½− =x
Þˇ =ýšł š¦Ć ÞšÐ=ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹− K
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇÞ¸?= →=x„×ÐÝKz=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ì×½Ððş=
wççã?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž?K
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ךޚ¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž?=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =ˇ ךޚ¹ł− ×− и³š½šK
„˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?fl ךޚ¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž?I=ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=
₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½š=ýş Þ− Þ=½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł ˝ˇ =Ğ ž¾Ðˇð −Ć =òççãK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=a=¸=bK
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=½−=½žÝ ˚ ¾ğ Þ − =š×г½¹ ˚Ğ šÐ=³½žÞ=ð ˇ½˙ ³½ ˇ ³ž= ˇÞˇ ý− Þ¸²I= − Ð=
¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=òççã=š×ˇÞ˚¹₣−Þ½ ˇ Ð=³½žÞ=×¹− š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž=¹Ć ¦ýгžK
Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸=½ž²=÷𦚳ž²
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇÞ¸?= →=x„×ÐÝKz=→=?÷𦚳ž?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=a=EÙ𠽚ÐÞ¸F=¸=b=EÒð−Ć ¹ˇ FK
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=½−=½žÝ ˚ ¾ğ Þ − =š×г½¹ ˚Ğ šÐ=³½žÞ=ð ˇ½˙ ³½ ˇ ³ž= ˇÞˇ ý− Þ¸²I= − Ð=
¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=¾ğ ½šÐÞş ½ž½ˇ ²=š×ˇÞ˚¹ ₣− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½žÞ=×¹−š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž=
¹Ć ¦ýгžK
×
OzI=ž=Ğ ž¾Ðˇ ð¸=ýšł˚ ¦¼Þ³ž=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×−К˝½ˇÐ= łÐˇ =
W=EÒð−Ć ¹ˇ =→=ˡÞ− ÞÐð¸= →=Ù𠽚ÐÞ¸F
×
OzK=fl Þ=ž=ýšł˚ ¦¼Þ³ž=
Ùğ ²=ðÐÞž½−Ć
fl Ýݡ ł¸=ð ˇ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž²=ݚн−¼¹ł ˝ˇ ²=ݼ₣Þ ˝ˇ ²=ðÐÞž½−Ć
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³½š=½ž=ݼ₣Þ˝ˇ =ðÐÞž½−Ć=ˇ Þ˙ Ý−łˇ =ýš=½Ð²=ˇÞ˙ł ðš²=³ˇ ²K
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→=?Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²?=→=?Ùğ ²=
ËÐÞž½−Ć ?=→=?„Þš¹ł KLfl ךޚ¹ł K?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=× − ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
?„Þš¹łş ?=E FW Ú− =¾ğ ²=š˝Þˇ Ð=×˙ Þ½ˇ=ˇÞˇ ýý˚Þ− K
?fl ¼½ş ýˇ ½− ?=E FW Ú− =¾ğ ²=ˇ Þ˙Ł šÐ=š˙ Þ=½− =½žÝ˚ ¾ğ Þ− =
?ıˇ ýžÝş ²=Ùğ ½Ð³ýK?=E F=Eݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=¾ ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=
ýž₣ˇ Þ¸²=ýşÞ− FW
?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?W Ú− =¾ğ ²=š˝Þˇ Ð=×˙ Þ½ˇ =³Ł ž³½şK
Â=šð˙ ³½− ½š=˚ ÞŠšÐþž=šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=³½žÞ=−¦ş ÞžK=„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š
?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?=łÐˇ =Þˇ =½žÞ=ˇ×šÞš¹ł− ×− и³š½šK
flÝÝ ˇł¸= ₣¹ ćýˇ½− ²=¾ğ ½Ð³ý−Ć
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =½¹ˇŁ ¸þš½š=ý˝ˇ =¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ =³š=ŠÐ˙ ¾− ¹š²=
ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=₣¹ćýˇ ½− ²K
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→=?Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²?=→=?Ùğ ²=
→
ËÐÞž½−Ć ?=
NK
ı ¹¸³ž=½−¼= ı ¹− Þ − ŠÐ ˇ ðş ×½ž
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²?=→=
?ı ¹− Þ− ŠÐˇ ðş ×½ž²?
NK
=?ı¹ć ýˇ =Ùğ ½Ð³ý−Ć ?
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=₣¹ćýˇ=¾ğ ½Ð³ý−Ć =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
ı¹ć ý ˇ½ ˇ=¾ ğ½Ð³ý −ĆWÈš¼ðşLË şððÐÞ −LË ˝½¹ÐÞ −LÓ¹ ˙³ÐÞ −L
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
Ú − =? ?=šý¾ ˇÞ ˝Žš½ ˇÐ=³½žÞ= − ¦ ş Þž=š ˙Þ=š×ÐÝ ˚þ½š=?„Þš¹ łş?K
ˇÞÐ ₣Þš óšÐ= ş½Ð= ٹ ˝³ðš³½š=³š=³ð −½šÐÞ ş=
ך¹ÐŁ˙ ÝÝ− ÞK
„×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=ˇ ¼½¸=½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =łÐˇ =
ð− Þ½ÐÞ¸=Ý¸Ğ žK
Í×ÝšL‡Ð− Ýš½˝LflÞ− Ðð½ş =Í×Ýš
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸ QP
„Þˇ Ýݡł ¸=ýš½ˇþĆ=½ž²=Țн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ ²=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ¾Ðð¸²=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸²=ðˇ Ð=
½ž²=Țн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ²=sáÇÉç
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ˇ ÝÝ˙ þš½š=ýš½ˇþĆ =½ž²=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ ²=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=
ýž₣ˇ Þ¸²=ðˇ Ð=Ł ÐÞ½š−ð˙ ý𹎠²=×Ð˚Ž− Þ½ˇ ²=
− ¦ş Þž=Ł ¹˝ ³ðš½ ˇ Ð=³½ž=¦ ˚³ž=×¹−Ł− ݸ²FK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸K
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?‡ÐÞ½š−ð˙ ý𹎠?
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=½ž²=Ó−Ðş ½ž½ˇ ²=Ùğ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ²=¸=sáÇÉç
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸K
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Ó−Ðş ½K=Ùğ½−ł ¹K?
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=×−Ðş ½ž½ˇ=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ ²=¸=обЗЙз=Ч− ¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
WÓ−ÝĆ=ÛĞžÝ¸
WÛĞžÝ¸
WˡÞ− ÞÐð¸
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
⁄ ³− =ð ˇ ÝĆ ½š¹ž=× − Ð ş½ž½ˇ =š×ÐÝ ˚ þš½šI=½ ş³− =ýš łˇÝ Ć ½š¹ − =¦ ˇ =š ˝Þˇ Ð=
½− =ý˚ł š¦− ²=ˇ ¹₣ š˝− ¼K
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=½ž²=ÍÞ¸ýž²=fl×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž²
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸K
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?fl×− ¦¸ðK=
Þ˚ğ Þ=¾ğ ½−ł ¹K?
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=
Î˚ğ Þ=sáÇÉç?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=¦ ˚³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½š=ˇ×ş =?Ò½ž=ýÞK=³¼³ðK?I=?Ò½žÞ=
Ë˙ ¹½ˇ =ÍÞ¸ýž²?=¸=?„×ÐÝK=×¹− =½ž²=ˇ×− ¦K?K
→
=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Ùğ½−ł ¹K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?
→
=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Ó−Ðş ½ž½ˇ =Úˇ ÐÞ˝ˇ ²?
→
=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?fl×− ¦K=
c
=¸=dI=¸=Z=Eş½ˇ Þ=ž=
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
„˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?„×ÐÝK=×¹− =½ž² =ˇ×− ¦K?I=š×ÐÝ˚ł š½š=½ž=¦˚³ž=ð˙¦š=
¾− ¹˙ =×− ¼=ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆ š½šK
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=š³½˝ˇ ³ž²
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→=?Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²?=→=
?„³½˝ˇ ³ž?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
W fl ¼½ş ýˇ ½ž=„³½˝ˇ³ž
W ı šÐ¹− ðK=„³½˝ˇ ³ž
WË−Þ½ÐÞ¸=È¸Ğž
fl¼½ şý ˇ½ž= ˇ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½žÞ=ˇ ¼½şýˇ ½ž=ˇ ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž=ðˇ Ð=½ğ Ю=
обЗЙз=Едбй=½ğ Þ=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðć ÞK
?Ù ğ½ −ł ¹ˇ¾K=Íž ₣ ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Ô¼¦ý ˝³šÐ²?=→=? fl¼½ ş ýK=
fl×− ¦¸ðK?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
fl ¼½şý ˇ ½ž=˚ Þˇ ¹þž
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½š=½− =½žÝ˚¾ğ Þ− =Þˇ =þšðÐÞ¸³šÐ=ˇ ¼½şýˇ ½ˇ =
³½žÞ=𾎠¹ý−ł ¸=½ž²=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸²=ˇ ÝÝ˙Ž− Þ½ˇ ²=³½ž=
¦˚ ³ž=×¹−Ł− ݸ²=½ž²=− ¦ş Þž²K
?Ù ğ½ −ł ¹ˇ¾K=Íž ₣ ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→=?Ô¼¦ý ˝³šÐ²?= →=? fl¼½ şýˇ½ž=
˚Þ ˇ¹þž?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
ı ¹¸³ž=½ž²=È šÐ½−¼¹ł ˝ˇ²=‡ − ž¦š˝ˇ ²
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?‡− ¸¦šÐˇ?
QQ Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸
Ë− ÐÞ˙ =ÓÝ¸ð½¹ˇ =Ò¼Þ½şýš¼³ž²
„˙ Þ=¼×˙¹₣− ¼Þ=×− Ýݡ ×Ý˚ ²=š×ÐÝ−ł˚ ²I=ˇ ¼½˚²=ˇÝÝ˙Ž− ¼Þ=ð˙ ¦š=¾−¹˙ =
×− ¼=×Ð˚ Žš½š=˚ Þˇ =ˇ ׺ =½ˇ =ס¹ˇð˙½ğ =×Ý¸ð½¹ˇK
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇÞ¸ ‡ÐÞ½š −ð˙ ýš¹ˇ
G
H
I
J
fl ×− ¦žðš Ć ³š½š=½ в=Î ˚ š²=
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=³½−
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Â=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=?fl ÝÝ˙ þšÐ=̦ş Þž?=š˝Þˇ Ð=ŠÐˇ¦˚ ³Ðýž=³½žÞ=
?Ó¹− š×гðş מ³ž?=×¹ÐÞ=½žÞ=ˇ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž=½− ¼=обЗЙз=ЕдбйK=‚š˝ ½š=
?„łł ¹ˇ ¾¸=sáÇÉç=`äáéë?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ QOK
fl ÝÝ˙ ŽšÐ=„Ðð−Þ− ³ðş ×Ð− fl ÝÝ˙þšÐ=̦şÞž
Íšł˚ ¦¼Þ³ž=ÍšłKL„ݡ ₣K
÷𦚳ž
fl¼½ şý ˇ½ž=„³½ ˝ˇ³ž
fl×− ¦žðšĆ ³š½š=½ ˇ=Î ˚ˇ=
sбЗЙзл=³½−
Í˚ł š¦− ²=Ùğ ½−ł ¹K
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=³ðžÞ¸² ÍÐð¹ş¾ğÞ− =„Þš¹łş L
Íž=šÞš¹łş
Ó− Ðş ½K=Ùğ ½−ł ¹K Ó− Ðş ½ž½ˇ =Úˇ ÐÞ˝ˇ ²
ı¹− Þ− ŠÐ ˇðş ×½ž²=„Þš¹łş ²LÍž=„Þš¹łş ²
flÝÝ ˇł¸= ₣¹ ćý ˇ½− ²=¾ğ ½ş ²=
E ş ½ ˇÞ=½ − =¾ ğ ²=š ˝Þ ˇÐ= ˇÞ − Ðð½ ş F
flÝÝ ˇł¸=„³ 𽚹Ðð¸²L
„þ𠽚¹Ðð¸²=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=ýž₣ˇÞ¸²
Ùğ ²=ðÐÞž½−Ć =„Þš¹łş LÍž=šÞš¹łş
Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸²
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=½− ¼=Íšł˚¦ − ¼²=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ ²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½− =ý˚ł š¦− ²=½ğ Þ=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðć ÞK=⁄Ýš²=−Ð=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=×− ¼=ݸ¾¦žðˇ Þ=ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆ− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½− =¾− ¹ý˙ =gmbdK
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Í˚ł š¦− ²=Ùğ½−ł¹K?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =ý˚ł š¦−²=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
E„þ𠽚¹Ðð¸=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸F
E„³ğ ½š¹Ðð¸=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸F
×
OMQU=ð− ¼ð˝ Šš²LNOMM
NRPS
×
NOUM=ð− ¼ð˝ Šš²LTSU
VSM
×
SQM=ð− ¼ð˝ Šš²LOQM
QUM
×
NSM=ð− ¼ð˝ Šš²
NOM
×
=POM=ð− ¼ðð˝ Šš²LNOM=×=NSM=ð− ¼ðð˝ Šš²
OQM=
×
×
NMOQ=ð− ¼ð˝ Šš²L
×
POM=ð− ¼ð˝ Šš²L
NSMM=ð− ¼ð˝ Šš²L
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸ QR
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=½ž²=³ðžÞ¸²
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¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ K
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→=?Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²?=→=?ÒðžÞ¸?=
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=³ðžÞ¸=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
ÌÐ=ס¹ˇð˙½ğ =− ð½ć =ݚн− ¼¹ł ˝ š²=š˝Þˇ Ð=ŠÐˇ¦˚ ³Ðýš²W
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?Ò×− ¹?=E FW ˡ½˙ Ýݞݞ=łÐˇ =ðÐÞž½˙=ˇÞ½Ððš˝ýšÞˇK
?ıˇ ¹ˇ 𽸹š²?=E FW ˡ ½˙ Ýݞݞ=ł Ðˇ =¦˚ ýˇ ½ˇ =ýš=ýšł˙ Ýž=
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?Ëş Þ½¹ˇ =³½− Þ=¸ÝÐ− ?=E FW
?Ó− ¹½¹˚½− ?=E FW ˡ½˙ ÝÝžÝ−=łÐˇ =˚ Þˇ =×− ¹½¹˚½− K
?Ó− ¹½¹˚½− =³½− =³ð− ½K?=E FW
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=½ğ Þ=š¾¾˚ =šÐðşÞˇ ²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =½¹ˇŁ ¸þš½š=ýÐˇ =¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾ ˝ˇ =ýš=šÐŠÐð˙ =š¾¾˚K
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→=?Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²?=→=?„¾¾˚=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹K=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸²?=
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½ˇ =š¾¾˚ =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
ÌÐ=ס¹ˇð˙½ğ =×˚ Þ½š=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝š²=š˝ÞˇÐ=ŠÐˇ¦˚³Ðýš²W
?Íž=šÞš¹łş?W Ú− =š¾¾˚ =½ž²=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸²=
ך¹ÐŁ˙ ÝÝ− ÞK=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³žK
ˇ Þ½˝ ¦š³žI=ş×ğ ²=½− =ðš ˝ ýšÞ−K
ð− Þ½ÐÞ¸=ˇ ׺ ³½ˇ ³žK
ˡ ½˙ ÝÝžÝ− =ł Ðˇ =½žÞ=ˇ ×− ¾¼ł ¸=½ž²=
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¾ğ ²K
ˡ ½˙ ÝÝžÝ− =ł Ðˇ =˚ Þˇ =×− ¹½¹˚ ½− =³š=
š³ğ ½š¹Ððş=₣ć¹− =¸=³š=₣ˇ ýžÝş=
¾ğ ½Ð³ýş K
ˇ ð¼¹ćÞš½ ˇ ÐK
?pÉéá~?W ‚žýÐ− ¼¹łš˝ =ýÐˇ =šÐðşÞˇ =ýš=½şÞ− =ëÉéá~K
?Í−Þş₣¹ğý− ?W ‚žýÐ− ¼¹łš˝ =ýÐˇ =ýˇ ¼¹şˇ ³×¹ž=šÐðşÞˇ K
?fl ¹Þž½Ððş ?W ‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł š˝ =ýÐˇ=ˇ ¹Þž½Ðð¸=šÐðş Þˇ K
?Òð˝ ½³− ?W ‚žýÐ− ¼¹łš˝ =ýÐˇ =³ðÐˇł¹ ˇ ¾žý˚ Þž=
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Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸²=ł Ðˇ=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=ýšłˇÝ Ć ½š¹š²=ˇ×ş =
×
=SQM=ð− ¼ð˝ Šš²K
QUM=
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Û×˙¹₣− ¼Þ=ŠÐ˙¾− ¹− Ð=½¹ş ×− Ð=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =½¹ˇŁ ¸þš½š=³¼Þš₣şýšÞš²=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ š²K
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²?=→=?Ò¼Þš ₣ ¸²=
ȸРž?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
‚Ðˇ½˝ ¦šÞ½ˇ Ð=− Ð=ס¹ˇð˙½ğ =ݚн− ¼¹ł ˝ š²=³¼Þš₣−Ć ²=Ý¸Ğ ž²W
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?Û×˚ ¹¦š³ž?=E FW
?Ò¼Þš₣ ¸²?=E FW
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Ú¹ˇŁ ˙ =Q=¸=V=³¼Þš₣ş ýšÞš²=¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ š²K
fl ¾−Ć =š×ÐÝ ˚ þš½š=ˇ ¼½¸=½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ ł˝ˇ I=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=˚Þˇ Þ=ˇ×ş =½− ¼²=×˚ Þ½š=½Ć×− ¼²=
½ˇ₣Ć ½ž½ˇ ²=¸=?ı šÐ¹− ð˝ Þž½ž?K
Ò¼¹¹˙ ×½šÐ=½Ð²=³¼Þš₣ş ýšÞš²=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=
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³¼Þмˇ ³ý˚ Þž=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ K
Íš½˙ =½žÞ=š×ÐÝ −ł ¸=ˇ ¼½¸²=½ž²=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ ²I=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·¹¸ł− ¹ž?=¸=?ˡÞ− ÞÐð¸?K
Ú¹ˇŁ ˙ =V=³¼Þš₣ş ýšÞš²=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=³š=
ŠÐ˙¾− ¹ˇ =š×˝ ×šŠˇ=₣ ¹ć ýˇ½− ²=ðˇ Ð=
¾ğ ½šÐÞş ½ž½ˇ ²K
Íš½˙ =½žÞ=š×ÐÝ −ł ¸=ˇ ¼½¸²=½ž²=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ ²I=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·¹¸ł− ¹ž?=¸=?ˡÞ− ÞÐð¸?K
QS Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
„˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?ı šÐ¹− ð˝ Þž½ž?=ł Ðˇ=Þˇ=×¹ˇłý ˇ½− ×−и³š½š=
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≥
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=−Ð=ݚн− ¼¹ł ˝ š²=ı ¹−Þ− ŠÐˇð ş ×½ž²=ðˇÐ=Ò¼Þš₣ ¸²=ȸ Ğ ž=
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„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=šÞş ²=Óݡ г˝−¼
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=˚Þˇ =×ݡ˝ ³Ð−=ˇ ׺ =×¹− ¹¼¦ýгý˚Þˇ =³₣˚ ŠÐˇ=
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?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?= →=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²?=→=?Ó¹− ³¦K=
Óݡ г˝− ¼?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ¹¼¦ýK=Óݡ˝³Ðˇ ?=¸=?ÌÐ=Ùğ½−ł¹K=Í− ¼?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =×ݡ˝ ³Ð− =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Ú− =š×ÐÝšł ý˚ Þ− =×ݡ˝³Ð − =š×ÐŁ šŁˇ Ðć Þš½ˇ Ð=³½žÞ=−¦şÞžK
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
ÌÐ=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=×− ¼=š˝ÞˇÐ=ýšł ˇÝĆ ½š¹š²=ˇ×ş=OQM=xtz= ×=POM=xez=
ð− ¼ð˝ Šš²=ŠšÞ=ý×−¹−Ć Þ=Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− О¦−Ć ÞK
ı¹¸³ž=½ž²=Óݸ¹ −¼²=̦ şÞž²
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₣ğ¹˝ ²=Þˇ=šý¾ ˇÞ ˝Žš½ ˇÐ=ž=ך¹Ð−₣¸=½ ğÞ=×ݸ𽹠ğÞ=šÝ˚ ł₣−¼=ðˇ Ð=½ğÞ=
šÞŠš ˝ þš ğÞK
?
ÌÐ=Ùğ½−ł ¹K=Í−¼ ?K
Y
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×
=SQM=
×
=NMOQ=
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Óݸ¹š²=„Ðð−Þ−³ðK?K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =š×г½¹˚Ğ š½š=³½− =ðˇÞ− ÞÐðş =šÐð− Þ− ³ðş ×Ð− I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
?ˡÞ− ÞK=„Ðð− Þ− ³ðK?K
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=½− ¼=◊₣− ¼=ËÝš˝ ³½¹−¼
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?◊₣− ²=
ËÝš˝ ³½¹− ¼?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=¸₣− =ðÝš˝ ³½¹− ¼=ˇ×ş =P=×¹−¹¼¦ýгý˚Þˇ =ý−½˝ َK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
·Ðˇ =½ž=Ò¼Þš₣ ¸=ȸРž=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×− К˝½ˇ Ð=˚Þˇ ²=þš₣ğ ¹Ð³½ş ²=¸₣− ²=
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₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− Ðć Þ½ˇ²=½Ð²=×¹ − ˇÞˇ ¾š¹ ş ýšÞš²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²K
≥
Ì=¸₣− ²=ðÝš˝ ³½¹− ¼=ס¹ˇý˚ ÞšÐ=šÞš¹łş ²=ˇðş ýž=ðˇ Ð=š˙ Þ=ž=
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Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=‡ÐÞ½š−ð˙ ý𹎠²
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ²=ðˇ Ð=Íšł˚¦− ¼²=„łł ¹ˇ¾¸²
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NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·Ðˇ=fl×− ³½K=Íž Þ?=¸=?Íšł˙Ý−=sáÇÉç?K
?·Ðˇ=fl×− ³½K=ÍžÞ?W Óš¹Ð−¹˝ ŽšÐ=½−=ý˚ łš¦−²=łÐˇ =½žÞ=
?Íšł˙Ý − =sáÇÉç?W ÈÐłş ½š¹−=ˇ ׺ =PM=Ýš×½˙ K=
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Íšł˙Ý − En`fcF?=¸=?ÍÐð¹ş =EpìÄn`fcF?=ý˚łš¦− ²=
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¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ¾˝ˇ ²=ł Ðˇ =½−=?Íšł˙Ý−=sáÇÉç?K
ˇ ×− ³½ − ݸ=ýžÞ Ćýˇ ½ − ²= ˇÞ˙ Ý−ł ˇ =ýš=
½− Þ=ס ¹−₣˚ˇ =ŠÐð½Ć−¼K
Ešþˇ ¹½˙½ˇ Ð=ˇ×ş =½ž=₣ğ ¹ž½Ððş ½ž½ˇ=
½ž²=ýÞ¸ýž²F
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸ QT
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
„˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?·Ðˇ=fl×− ³½K=ÍžÞ?=łÐˇ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ=šłł ¹ˇ ¾¸²I=½− =
ý˚ł š¦− ²=½− ¼=ˇ¹₣ š˝−¼=ך¹Ð−¹ ˝Žš½ˇÐ=ˇÞ˙Ý−ł ˇ=ýš=½−Þ=× ˇ¹−₣˚ˇ=
¼×ž¹š³Ðć ÞK
≥
Ú− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =?fl ×−¦¸ðK=C=fl× −³½−ݸ?=ŠšÞ=šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ýš½˙ =½žÞ=
šłł ¹ˇ ¾¸=³½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =Íšł˙Ý − ¼=sáÇÉçK
„łł ¹ˇ ¾¸=sáÇÉç=`äáéë=ýš=◊₣−
·Ðˇ =Þˇ=ł ¹˙Ğ š½š=˚Þˇ =обЗЙз=Едбй=эš=¸₣− =¦ˇ =×¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ=˚₣ š½š=
šÞš¹ł− ×− и³šÐ=½− =ýÐð¹ş ¾ğ Þ− K
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=
→
=?ÍÐð¹ş¾ğÞ−?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Ú− =ýÐð¹ş ¾ğ Þ− =š˝ Þˇ Ð=¸Šž=šÞš¹ł−×− Оý˚ Þ− =³½žÞ=
×¹− š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž=¹Ć ¦ýгžK=„×ÐÝ˚þ½š=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?=łÐ ˇ=Þˇ=
ł ¹˙ Ğ š½š=˚Þˇ =обЗЙз=Едбй= ₣ğ ¹˝ ²=¸ ₣− K
≥
Ú− =ý˚ł š¦− ²=ˇ ¹₣ š˝− ¼=ł Ðˇ=½− =обЗЙз=Едбй=эЧ− ¹š˝ =Þˇ =ýšÐ𠦚˝=š˙Þ=
ŠšÞ=šłł ¹ˇ ¾š˝ =½ˇ ¼½ş₣ ¹− Þˇ =ðˇ Ð=− =¸₣− ²K
Ëğ ŠÐð− ×−˝ž³ž=sáÇÉç
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ëğ ŠÐð− ×K=
sáÇÉç?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =ðˇ½˙ ÝÝžÝ−=¾− ¹ý˙K
QU Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ
Ú− =½žÝ˚ ¾ğ Þş =³ˇ ²=š×н¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½š=ðˇ Ð=Þˇ =Ý˙Ł š½š=ðš˝ ýšÞ− I=
jjp=ðˇ Ð=bã~áäK
=Ej=QF
pjp
Â=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =pjp=³˙ ²=š×н¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =³½˚ ÝÞš½š=ł¹ˇ ×½˙ =ýžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ =
ýšł˚¦ − ¼²=˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=TSR=₣ˇ¹ˇð½¸¹š²K=„˙ Þ=³½š˝ Ýš½š=˚Þˇ=ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =ýš=
ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹− ¼²=ˇ×ş =NSM=₣ ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²I=½ş ½š=ˇ ¼½ş=₣ğ¹˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=³š=
ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹ˇ =½ý¸ýˇ½ˇK
jjp
Â=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =jjp=³˙ ²=š×н¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =ݡýŁ ˙ Þš½š=ðˇ Ð=Þˇ =³½˚ ÝÞš½š=
ýžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ =×− ݼý˚³ğ Þ=₣ğ¹ž½Ððş ½ž½ˇ ²=˚ğ²=ðˇÐ=PMM h_=ýš=
³¼Þžýý˚ Þš²=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²I=¸₣− ¼²=¸=обЗЙз=ЕдбйлK
bã~áä
Â=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=bã~áä=³˙ ²=š×н¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½š=ýžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ =
ýšł˚¦ − ¼²=˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=PMM h_K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
̹гý˚ Þš²=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=jjp=šÞŠ˚₣ 𽎠Ð=Þˇ =ýžÞ=š˝Þˇ Ð=
ŠÐˇ¦˚ ³Ðýš²=×˙ Þ½−½šI=×¹˙ łýˇ =×−¼=šþˇ¹½˙½ˇÐ=ˇ×ş =½− =Š˝ ð½¼ş =
³ˇ ²K=·Ðˇ =ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹š²=×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²I=š×Ðð− ÐÞğ Þ¸³½š=ýš=½−Þ=
ס ¹−₣˚ˇ =¼×ž¹š³Ðć ÞK
≥
Ú − =ý ˚ł г½ − =ý ˚ł š¦ −²=½ − ¼=ýžÞ Ć ýˇ½ − ²=ŠÐ ˇ¾ ˚ ¹šÐ=šþ ˇ ¹½ ć ýšÞ − =
ˇ×ş =½Ð²=¹¼¦ý ˝³šÐ²=×− ¼=˚₣ šÐ=×¹ˇłý ˇ½−×− и³šÐ=− =ס¹−₣˚ˇ²=
¼×ž¹š³Ðć ÞK
1
2
4
3
NK ÓšŠ˝− =ס¹ˇ ݸ׽ž
OK ÓšŠ˝− =ýžÞĆýˇ ½−²
PK ÷ÞŠšÐþž=ˇ×− ³½− ݸ²
QK „ÞŠš˝ þšÐ²=³¼Þžýý˚Þğ Þ=Eˇ×ş =ˇ ¹Ð³½š¹˙ W=šÐðşÞˇ I=¸₣− ²I=обЗЙз=
ÅäáéI=˙ ÝݡF
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ QV
‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =Î˚− ¼=ÍžÞĆýˇ½− ²
EpjpLjjpF
A
=→=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=→=?͸޼ýˇ?
Ebã~áäF
A
=→=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=→=?bã~áä?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =×šŠ˝− =ŠÐšĆ¦¼Þ³ž²K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½žÞ=š×Ц¼ýž½¸=ý˚¦− Š− =ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =šÐ³˙łš½š=½ž=
ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³žK
PK
·Ðˇ =½− =jjpI=šÐ³˙ł š½š=¸=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž =ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=bã~áä=¸=½− Þ=
ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş=½ž Ýš¾ćÞ− ¼=ˇ× ş =½ ž=È˝³½ˇ =„ס ¾ć ÞK=·Ð ˇ =½ − =pjpI=
šÐ³˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş=½žÝš¾ćÞ−¼K=·Ðˇ =½− =bã~áäI=šÐ³˙ł š½š=¸=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=ýÐˇ =ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=bã~áäK
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =×¹− ³¦˚ ³½š=×− Ýݡ ×Ý˚ ²=ŠÐš¼¦Ć Þ³šÐ²=bã~áä=¸=
½žÝš¾ğ ÞÐð−Ć ²=ˇ¹Ð¦ý−Ć ²I=ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×šŠ˝− =½− ¼=
ˇ×− Š ˚ð½žI=×Ð ˚³½š=x„×ÐÝKzI=š×ÐÝ˚þ½š=?„ךþš¹ł K=
fl×− Ššð½ć Þ?I=³½ž=³¼Þ ˚₣šÐ ˇ=š×ÐÝ ˚þ½š=?Ó¹ −³¦K=„× ˇ¾¸²?K=
„г˙ł š½š=¸=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=bã~áä=¸=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş=
½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=ˇ×ş =½žÞ=¼×˙¹₣− ¼³ˇ =È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć ÞK
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ=ˇ ÝÝ˙ þš½š=½− Þ=½Ć×−=ˇ ×− Ššð½ć ÞI=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKzI=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþš¹ł K=fl×− Ššð½ć Þ?=ðˇ Ð=ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− Þ=
š×Ц¼ýž½ş=ˇ ×−Š˚ ð½žK=ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?flÝݡł¸=
³š=ÓÔÌÒ?I=?fl Ýݡł ¸=³š=``?=¸=?fl Ýݡł ¸=³š=_``?K
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =×¹− ³¦˚ ³š½š=˚Þˇ =¦˚ýˇ I=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
?Ó¹− ³¦K=Ê˚ýˇ½− ²?K=
QK
Ú− ×− ¦š½¸³½š=½− =й−ý˚ˇ=³½− =×šŠ˝−=½− ¼=ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²K
RK
„г˙ł š½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇK
=Ej=QJNF
SK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=˚ ÞŠšÐþž=?fl ×− ³½− ݸ?=³½žÞ=ð˙½ğ =ˇ¹Ð³½š¹¸=
łğ Þ˝ˇ =½ž²= − ¦ şÞž²K=ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =ð ˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½ š=? fl×− ³½ − ݸ=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?K
Íš½˙ =½žÞ=ˇ×− ³½− ݸ=½− ¼=ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²I=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ=
ý𽎾˚ ¹š½ˇ Ð=³½− =¾˙ðšÝ−=Ò½ ˇÝý˚ÞˇK
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½š=½−=˝ ŠÐ− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =³š=ý˝ˇ =− ý˙ Ў=ס¹ˇ Ýž×½ć ÞI=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„×ÐÝ−ł¸=−ý˙ Ў ²?=³½−=Ł ¸ýˇ =PI=³½žÞ=³¼Þ˚₣šÐˇ=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=şÞ−ýˇ =½ž²=−ý˙Ў ²=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK=·Ðˇ=
ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹š²=×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²=³₣ š½Ðð˙=ýš=½ž=Š žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =Ý˝ ³½ˇ ²=
ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ ÞI=Šš˝ ½š=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=Î˚ˇ ²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=
ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ PUK
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=šÞş²=päáÇÉ=pÜçï
NK
Ò½−=Ł ¸ýˇ =R=³½ž=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚−¼=ÍžÞĆýˇ½− ²?I=×Ð˚³½š=
x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=päáÇÉ?K
„˙ Þ=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹− ³¦˚ ³š½š=ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹ˇ =лдбЗЙлI=šЧРЭ˚ þ½š=
?Ó¹− ³¦¸рž=лдбЗЙ=эš½˙ ?=¸=?Ó¹− ³¦¸рž=лдбЗЙ=Ч¹РЮ?K
OK
„г˙ł š½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇK
fl Þ=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½š=Þˇ =¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½š=½žÞ=ŠÐ ˙¹ðšÐˇ =½−¼=ð ˙ ¦š=лдбЗЙI=
ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ŠÐ˙ ðšÞ− =ˇ Þ˙ ý𳎠=³½ˇ =лдбЗЙлK=УР˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=
ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =лдбЗЙ?I=рˇ Ð=ýš½˙ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½žÞ=
š×Ц¼ýž½¸=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇK
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ŠžýÐ−¼¹ł¸³š½š=ýžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ =ýšł˚¦ −¼²=˚ğ²=ð ˇÐ=
PMM h_K=Ë˙ ¦š=лдбЗЙ=эЧ− ¹š˝ =Þˇ =ך¹Ð˚₣ šÐ=ý˝ˇ =¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ =¸Lðˇ Ð=
˚ Þˇ =ˇ ¹₣ š ˝ −=¸₣− ¼=¸=обЗЙз=ЕдбйK
RM ÍžÞĆýˇ½ˇ
„×гĆÞˇ Ğ ž=‚šŠ−ý˚ ÞğÞ=ˇ×ş =Ú− =¼ÝÐðş=ý−¼
NK
Ò½−=Ł ¸ýˇ =R=³½ž=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚ −¼=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½−²?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ RMI=ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=˚ ÞŠšÐþž=?„ÐðşÞˇ ?I=?◊₣− ²?=¸=
?‡˝ Þ½š− ?=³½−=ð˙½ğ =ý˚¹− ²=½ž²=− ¦ş Þž²=ðšÞ½¹Ðð˙ I=ðˇ Ð=³½ž=
³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇ =×Ð˚³½š= K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š==?fl×− ¦K=Ùğ ½−ł ¹K?I=?fl×− ¦žðš¼ý˚Þ− Ð=¸₣− Ð?=¸=
?fl ×− ¦žðš¼ý˚ Þˇ =Ł˝ Þ½š− ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
„˙ Þ=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =½¹ˇŁ ¸þš½š=Þ˚ š²=¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ š²I=Þˇ =
ž₣−ł ¹ˇ ¾¸³š½š=¸₣− ¼²=¸=Þˇ =ł ¹˙Ğš½š=обЗЙз=ЕдбйлI=šЧРЭ ˚þ½š=
?ȸРž=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ ?I=?„łł¹ˇ ¾¸=¸₣− ¼?=¸=?„łł ¹ˇ ¾¸=sáÇÉç?K
≥
⁄ ½ˇ Þ= š×г¼Þ˙ ×½š½š=ˇ¹₣ š ˝ˇ =gmbdI=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ð ˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=
š×ÐÝ−ł¸=ˇ Ýݡł ¸²=ýšł˚¦ − ¼²I=ðˇ¦ć²=½− =ý˚ł г½− =ý˚łš¦−²=
ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=łÐˇ =ˇ ×−³½− ݸ=×− Ðð˝ ÝšÐ=ˇÞ˙Ý −łˇ =ýš=½− Þ=
ס ¹−₣˚ˇ =¼×ž¹š³Ðć ÞK
„×гĆÞˇ Ğ ž=ý˝ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć Þ
NK
Ò½−=Ł ¸ýˇ =RI=³½ž=?‚žýÐ−¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚ −¼=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ RMI=ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=˚ ÞŠšÐþž=?¿Ý ݡ?=³½žÞ=ð ˙½ğ ==ŠšþÐ˙ =
łğ Þ˝ˇ =½ž²= − ¦ ş Þž²K=ÓÐ ˚ ³½š= =ð ˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=?„×г Ć Þ ˇĞ ž=
š×ˇ ¾¸²?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
„˙ Þ=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½ž=ŠÐð¸=³ˇ ²=ðˇ ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=
„ס¾ć ÞI=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ò½−Ð₣ K=„ס ¾K=Í− ¼?K
„×гĆÞˇ Ğ ž=ý˝ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²=ı¹− Þ− ŠÐˇł¹˙ ýýˇ ½−²
NK
Ò½−=ُýˇ= RI= ³½ž= ?‚žýÐ −¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚−¼=ÍžÞĆý ˇ½− ²?=³½ž=³š Ý˝Šˇ RMI=
ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=˚ ÞŠšÐþž=?¿Ýݡ ?=³½žÞ=ð˙½ğ ==ŠšþÐ˙=łğÞ˝ˇ=½ž²=
− ¦ş Þž²K=ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =ð ˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=?„×г ĆÞˇ Ğ ž=³¼Þ˙ Þ½ž³ž²?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=žý˚¹ˇ =×− ¼=ך¹ÐݡýŁ ˙ ÞšÐ=½Ð²=ðˇ½ˇ₣𹸳šÐ²=
₣ ¹− Þ− ŠÐˇł¹˙ ýý ˇ ½ − ²=×− ¼=¦ ˚ Ýš½š=Þ ˇ =š×г¼Þ ˙Ğ š½šK
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=₣¹−Þ− ŠÐˇł¹ ˙ ýýˇ½− ²=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Íš½ˇð˝ Þž³ž=¸=fl¾ˇ˝ ¹š³ž=Ò ¼Þžýý˚ÞğÞ
NK
Ò½−=Ł ¸ýˇ =R=³½−=?‚žýÐ−¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚ −¼=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½−²?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ RMI=×Ð˚³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½žÞ=ˇÞ½˝³½−Ð₣ž=
š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=ŠÐˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸²=łÐˇ=½−=ð ˙¦š =š×г¼Þˇ ×½ş ýšÞ−K
ı ¹¸³ž=½ğÞ=„×ÐÝ−łć Þ= fl ×− ³½ − ݸ²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½š=½Ð²=š×ÐÝ−ł˚ ²=ˇ×− ³½− ݸ²=
ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ=ł Ðˇ =ð˙ ¦š=½Ć×− =ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²K
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=˚ ÞŠšÐþž=?fl×− ³½− ݸ?=ð˙½ğ =ˇ ¹Ð³½š¹˙ =³½žÞ=
− ¦ş ÞžI=ýš½˙ =×Ð ˚ ³½š= =ð ˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ ˚ þš½š=?Ô¼¦ý ˝ ³šÐ²=
jžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ?K
≥
?fl Þˇ ¾− ¹˙ =fl Þ˙ł Þğ ³ž²?=E?„Þš¹łş ?I=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?F=EjjpFW=
„×ÐŁšŁˇÐ ć ÞšÐ=š˙ Þ=¦ˇ=ˇ×− ³½ˇ Ýš˝ =¸=ş₣ Ð=ý˝ˇ =ˇ Þˇ ¾− ¹˙ =×− ¼=¦ˇ=
šÐŠ−×− К˝ =½− Þ=ˇ×− ³½− Ý˚ˇ=ş ½Ð=˚₣ šÐ=ŠÐˇŁ ˇ ³½š˝ =½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇK
≥
?fl Þˇ ¾− ¹˙ =Óˇ ¹˙ Š− ³ž²?=E?„Þš¹łş?I=?Íž=šÞš¹łş?F=EpjpL
jjpFW=„Þš¹ł− ×− К˝ =¸=ˇ ךޚ¹ł− ×− К˝ =½žÞ=fl Þˇ ¾− ¹˙ =
Óˇ ¹˙ Š− ³ž²=ł Ðˇ =½žÞ=š×н¼₣ ¸=ˇ ×− ³½− ݸ=½− ¼=ýžÞĆ ýˇ ½− ²=
³½− Þ=ס¹ˇ ݸ׽žK
≥
?›¹ˇ =ȸþž²?=E?Í˚ł г½ž?I=?PM=Ýš×½˙ ?I=?N=㹎 ?I=?S=ć ¹š²?I=
?N=žý˚¹ˇ ?I=?N=šŁŠ−ý˙ Ў ?F=EpjpLjjpFW=̹˝ ŽšÐ=½žÞ=›¹ˇ=
ȸþž²=ý˚₣ ¹Ð=½žÞ=−×−˝ˇ =˚ Þˇ =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =¦ˇ =ס ¹ˇ ý˚ ÞšÐ=
ˇ ×−¦žðš¼ý ˚ Þ−=³½ −=ŠÐ ˇ ð−ýг½¸K
≥
?Ó¹− ½š¹ˇÐş ½ž½ˇ ?=E?ÛĞ žÝ¸?I=?ˡÞ− ÞÐð¸?I=?ıˇ ýžÝ¸?FW=
„ð₣𠹚˝ =×¹− ½š¹ˇÐş ½ž½š²=³½ˇ =ýžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ =×− ¼=ŠžýÐ− ¼¹łš˝ ½šK
≥
?›¹ ˇ =Ó ˇ¹ ˙ Š−³ž²?=E?Ë ˇý ˝ˇ =ð ˇ ¦¼³½ ˚ ¹ž³ž?I=?PM=Ýš×½ ˙ ?I=?N=
㹎 ?I=?S= ć¹š²?I=?N=žý˚¹ ˇ ?I=?N=šŁŠ −ý˙ Ў ?F=E
Ô¼¦ý˝ ŽšÐ=½−=₣¹− ÞÐðş =ŠÐ˙ ³½žýˇ =×¹ÐÞ=½žÞ=ס¹˙Š− ³ž=½− ¼=
ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²K
pjpL
jjpFW=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ RN
OK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=˚ ÞŠšÐþž=?fl ×− ³½− ݸ?=³½žÞ=ð˙ ½ğ =ˇ ¹Ð³½š¹¸=
łğ Þ˝ˇ =½ž²= − ¦ ş Þž²K=ÓÐ ˚³½š= =ð ˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=? fl×− ³½ − ݸ=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?K
Íš½˙ =½žÞ=ˇ×− ³½− ݸ=½− ¼=ýžÞĆýˇ ½−²I=½−=ý¸Þ¼ýˇ=
ý𽎾˚ ¹š½ˇ Ð=³½− =¾˙ ðšÝ− =Ò½ˇ Ýý˚ÞˇK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Ú− =½¹˚₣− Þ=ý˚ł š¦− ²=ýžÞĆ ýˇ ½− ²=×−¼=šý¾ˇÞ˝Žš½ˇÐ=ðˇ½˙=½ž=
ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ŠžýÐ−¼¹ł˝ˇ ²=½− ¼=ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=š˝Þˇ Ð=×¹− ³šłł г½ÐðşK
≥
„˙ Þ=˚ Þˇ =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =ŠšÞ=ý×− ¹š˝ =Þˇ=ˇ×− ³½ˇÝš˝=ł Ðˇ =ð˙×− Ð−=Ýşł− I=
½ş ½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ=ס¹ˇý˚ ÞšÐ=³½ˇ =„þš¹₣şýšÞˇ =ðˇ Ð=³½žÞ=
ðˇ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇ Þˇ ý− Þ¸²=šý¾ˇ Þ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=½− =? ?K
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ ³š½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ=₣ğ ¹˝ ²=Þˇ =½− =³½š˝Ýš½šI=×Ð˚ ³½š=
x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚þ½š=?fl×− ¦K=³½ˇ=Ó¹ş₣ K?=³½−=ُý ˇ=R=
?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =Î˚− ¼=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ RMK
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½š=½ˇ =ס¹ˇð˙½ğ =³½−Ð₣š˝ˇ =ğ²=³¼Þžýý˚Þˇ=
³½ˇ =ýžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ =×− ݼý˚³ğ ÞK=Èš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=ˇ Þˇ ¾˚¹− Þ½ˇÐ=³½Ð²=
ס ¹ˇ ð˙ ½ğ =šÞş ½ž½š²K
≥
‚šŠ−ý˚ Þˇ =ˇ ׺ =Ú− =¼ÝÐðş=ý−¼
≥
ˡ ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž=È ˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס ¾ć Þ
≥
fl ¹₣ š ˝ −=Eð ˇ ½ˇ ₣ć¹ž³ž=₣¹− Þ− ŠÐ ˇł¹ ˙ ýý ˇ½− ²=× − ¼= ˚ ₣šÐ=
ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł ž¦š˝ =³½− =Âýš¹−ÝşłÐ−I=ðˇ½ˇ ₣ć¹ž³ž=È˝³½ˇ²=
š×ˇ¾ć ÞF=ðÝ×K
≥
Í× −¹š ˝ ½š= ˇðş ýž=Þ ˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý −× − и³š½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ −ł¸=×¹ −½ Ć × ğ Þ=
łÐˇ =Þˇ =³¼Þ¦˚ ³š½š=˚Þ ˇ =ý¸Þ¼ýˇK=·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣š½Ðð˙ =ýš=
½ž=₣ ¹¸³ž=ˇ ¼½¸²=½ž²=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸²I=Šš˝ ½š=?ı ¹¸³ž=Ó¹−½Ć×ğ Þ?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ PNK
fl×− ³½− ݸ=ÍžÞĆ ý ˇ½− ²= ˇ×ş =½ˇ=Ó¹ş₣šÐ¹ˇ
A
=→=?Ó¹ş₣ šÐ¹ˇ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ ¹½˚ݡ =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½šI=pjpL jjp=¸=bJã~áäK
=Ej=QJPF
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþK=C=fl×− ³½K?K
PK
Ú¹−×−×− и³½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ I=š˙ Þ=₣ ¹šÐ˙ Žš½ˇ ÐK
QK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=˚ ÞŠšÐþž=?fl ×− ³½− ݸ?=³½žÞ=ð˙½ğ =ˇ¹Ð³½š¹¸=
łğ Þ˝ˇ =½ž²= − ¦ şÞž²K=ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =ð ˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½ š=? fl×− ³½ − ݸ=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?K
fl ×− ³½ − ݸ=šÞ ş²=ÍžÞĆ ýˇ ½ − ²=Ùğ Þž½Ðð−Ć =fl × − ³×˙³ýˇ ½−²=¸=šÞş ²=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=sáÇÉç=`äáé
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ł ¹˙Ğ š½š=˚Þˇ =¾ğ Þž½Ððş=ˇ ׺ ³×ˇ ³ýˇ =¸=˚Þˇ =обЗЙз=
Едбй=šЮć =ŠžýÐ− ¼¹łš˝ ½š=˚ Þˇ =Þ˚ − =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ K=
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸K=
A
=→=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=→=?Ùğ Þž½Ððş =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ?
A
=→=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=→=?͸޼ýˇ =обЗЙз?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =Þˇ =þšðÐÞ¸³šÐ=ž=ž₣−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³žK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =Þˇ =³½ˇ ýˇ ½¸ ³šÐ=ž=ž₣−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³žK
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×− Š−₣ ¸?=ł Ðˇ=Þˇ =½− =š×г¼Þ˙Ğ š½š=³½− =Þ˚− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇK
Ú− =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− =ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ š½ˇÐ=³½− Þ=ˇ Þ½˝ ³½−Ð₣− =¾˙ ðšÝ− =Ò½− =¼ÝÐðş=
ý− ¼K
·Ðˇ =×¹ş ³¦š½š²=ŠÐˇ ŠÐðˇ³˝ š²I=Šš˝ ½š=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚ − ¼=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ RMK
=Ej=QJNJOF=Ej =QJNJPF
RO ÍžÞĆýˇ½ˇ
fl Þ˙ łÞğ ³ž=ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ
Úˇ =ýžÞĆ ýˇ ½ˇ =×− ¼=ݡ ýŁ˙ Þš½š=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½ˇ =„гš¹₣ş ýšÞˇK
A
=→=?„гš¹₣şýšÞˇ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =Šš˝ ½šK
fl ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž=½ − ¼= fl ¹Ð¦ý−Ć =ڞݚ¾ ćÞ− ¼=šÞş ²=fl×− ³½ − Ý ˚ˇ =³½ž=
È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס ¾ćÞ
A
=→=?„гš¹₣şýšÞˇ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ=ˇ×ş =½− =− ×−˝−=¦ ˚Ýš½š=Þ ˇ=
ˇ ×− ¦žðš Ć ³š½š=½ − Þ= ˇ ¹Ð¦ý ş =½žÝš¾ ćÞ− ¼=¸=½ž=ŠÐš Ć ¦¼Þ³ž=
bã~áäK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×− ¦¸ðK=ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž²?K
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ž=−¦ş Þž=Þ˚ˇ ²=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²=½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=
„ס¾ć Þ=×− ¼=ך¹ÐݡýŁ ˙ ÞšÐ=½− Þ=½žÝš¾ğ ÞÐðş=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş K=·Ðˇ=
Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½ž=ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=ý˝ˇ ²=Þ˚ˇ ²=
ðˇ ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²=³½ž=È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס ¾ć Þ=Šš˝ ½š=?Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=Î˚ˇ ²=
„ס ¾¸²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ PRK
Ëݸ³ž=½− ¼=fl ¹Ð¦ý−Ć =ڞݚ¾ćÞ− ¼=šÞş ²=fl ×− ³½−Ý˚ˇ =×− ¼=
Óš¹Ð˚₣ 𽎠Ð=³š=˚Þˇ =͸޼ýˇ
A
=→=?„гš¹₣şýšÞˇ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =×− ¼=ך¹ÐݡýŁ˙ÞšÐ=½−Þ=½žÝš¾ğ ÞÐðş=
ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þ ˇ =ð ˇÝ˚ ³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ëݸ³ž=ˇ×− ³½− Ý˚ˇ ?K
ȸРž=šÞş ²=Í−Þˇ ŠÐð−Ć =jjp
A
=→=?„гš¹₣ş ýšÞˇ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=šÐŠ− ×−˝ ž³ž=ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²= E F=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š= Þˇ=
?ðˇ ½šŁ˙ ³š½š?K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ùş ¹½ğ ³ž?K
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =?ðˇ ½šŁ˙³š½š?=ך¹Ð³³ş½š¹ˇ=ýžÞ Ćýˇ ½ˇ =
½ˇ ¼½ş₣ ¹− Þˇ K=‚š˝ ½š=?È¸Ğž=Ó−Ýݡ×Ý ćÞ=jjp?K
ȸРž=Ó− Ýݡ ×Ýć Þ=jjp
A
=→=?„гš¹₣ş ýšÞˇ?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ЊÐð˚ ²?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó− Ýݡ ×ݸ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=šÐŠ−×−˝ ž³ž=ýžÞĆýˇ ½−²=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šI=×Ð˚ ³½š=
x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„×ÐÝ−ł ¸?=¸=?„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=⁄ÝğÞ?K
QK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ùş ¹½ğ ³ž?K
Úˇ =š×ÐÝšł ý˚ Þˇ =ýžÞĆ ýˇ ½ˇ =ݡ ýŁ˙ Þ− Þ½ˇ Ð=½ˇ ¼½ş₣ ¹− Þˇ K
ÍžÞ Ćýˇ½ ˇ RP
fl× ˙Þ½ž³ž=³š=˚Þ ˇ=͸޼ýˇ=¸=³š=⁄Ýš ²=½Ð²=‚К¼¦Ć Þ³šÐ²
A
=→=?„гš¹₣ş ýšÞˇ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =½− ¼=ˇ×− ³½− Ý˚ˇ =³½− Þ=− ×−˝−=¦˚Ýš½š=
Þˇ =ˇ ס Þ½¸³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×˙Þ½ž³ž?=¸=?fl×˙ Þ½ž³ž=şÝğ Þ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×˙ Þ½ž³ž?=¸=?fl×˙ Þ½ž³ž=ýš=г½− ¹Ððş ?K
QK
„г˙ł š½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇK
RK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=˚ ÞŠšÐþž=?fl ×− ³½− ݸ?=³½žÞ=ð˙ ½ğ =ˇ ¹Ð³½š¹¸=
łğ Þ˝ˇ =½ž²= − ¦ ş Þž²K=ÓÐ ˚³½š= =ð ˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=? fl×− ³½ − ݸ=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?K
Ó¹−ć ¦ž³ž=šÞş²=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½−²
A
=→=?„гš¹₣ş ýšÞˇ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =×− ¼=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹−𠦸³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−ć ¦ž³ž?K
PK
„ð½šÝ˚ ³½š=½ˇ=Ł ¸ýˇ½ˇ =N=˚ğ²=S=³½ž=?‚žýÐ−¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚ −¼=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ RMK
Úˇ þÐÞş ýž³ž=ÍžÞ¼ý˙ ½ğ Þ=³½ž=È˝³½ˇ
A
=→=?„гš¹₣ş ýšÞˇ?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ЊÐð˚ ²?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Úˇ þÐÞş ýž³ž?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=½Ć×− =½ˇþÐÞş ýž³ž²=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
RQ ÍžÞĆýˇ½ˇ
ËÝš˝Šğ ýˇ =ðˇ Ð=ÏšðÝš˝Šğýˇ =½ğ Þ=Í žÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ
A
=→=?„гš¹₣şýšÞˇ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =ðÝšÐŠć³š½š=¸=Þˇ=
þšðÝšÐŠć ³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ЊÐð˚ ²?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ËÝš˝Šğ ýˇ ?=¸=?ÏšðÝš˝Šğ ýˇ ?K
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ RR
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ
·šÞÐð˚ ²=Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²
A
=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=jžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ?= →=?·šÞÐð˚ ²=Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =³½−Ð₣š˝ −=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½šK
≥
?ȸРž=ˇ×ş =½− =³×˝ ½Ð?W
Ô¼¦ý˝ ŽšÐ=½−=₣¹şÞ− =Ý¸Ğ ž²=½ğ Þ=ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ=³½žÞ=ך¹Ð−₣¸=
½− ¼=− Ððš˝− ¼=³ˇ ²=ŠÐð½Ć−¼K
?Ó˙ Þ½ˇ =Ý¸Ğ ž?W= ¿ýš³ž=Ý¸Ğ ž=ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ=ˇ×ş =½− =
?Ó˙ Þ½ˇ=ˇÞˇŁ− ݸ?W= flÞˇŁ ˙ ÝÝšÐ=½ž=Ý¸Ğ ž=½ğ Þ=
≥
?ȸРž=ך¹Ðˇłğł¸²K?W
Ô¼¦ý˝ ŽšÐ=½−=₣¹ş Þ− =ݸ Ğ ž²=½ğ Þ=ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ=ş ½ˇ Þ=ٹ˝ ³ðš³½š=
³š=ך¹Ðˇłğł ¸=šð½ş ²=½− ¼=− Ððš˝− ¼=ŠÐð½Ć− ¼=³ˇ²K
?Ó˙ Þ½ˇ =Ý¸Ğ ž?W= ¿ýš³ž=Ý¸Ğ ž=ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ=ˇ×ş =½− =
?Ó˙ Þ½ˇ=ˇÞˇŁ− ݸ?W= flÞˇŁ ˙ ÝÝšÐ=½ž=Ý¸Ğ ž=½ğ Þ=
≥
?fl Þˇ ¾− ¹˙ =Óˇ ¹˙ Š− ³ž²?W
„Þš¹ł− ×− К˝ =¸=ˇ ךޚ¹ł− ×− К˝ =½žÞ=fl Þˇ ¾− ¹˙ =Óˇ ¹˙ Š− ³ž²K
≥
?fl Þˇ ¾− ¹˙ =fl Þ˙ł Þğ ³ž²?W
„Þš¹ł− ×− К˝ =¸=ˇ ךޚ¹ł− ×− К˝ =½žÞ=fl Þˇ ¾− ¹˙ =fl Þ˙ł Þğ ³ž²K
=Ej=QJVF
=Ej=QJVJNF
ŠÐˇð− ýг½¸K
ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ ÞK
ŠÐˇð− ýг½¸K
ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ ÞK
≥
?›¹ˇ =ȸþž²?W
Û×− ŠžÝć ÞšÐ=½Ð²=žý˚ ¹š²=ðˇ Ð=ć ¹š²=×− ¼=ý×− ¹š˝ =Þˇ=
ס ¹ˇ ýš˝ ÞšÐ=˚ Þˇ =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ=×−¼=³½ ˚ÝÞš½š=³½−=ð ˚Þ½¹−=
ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ=₣ğ ¹˝ ²=Þˇ =ס¹ˇŠ− ¦š˝ =³½− Þ=ס¹ˇ ݸ׽žK=ˡ½˙=
½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ=ˇ ¼½¸²=½ž²=ך¹ÐşŠ− ¼I=½− =ð˚ Þ½¹− =ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ=
¦ˇ =×¹− ³×ˇ ¦š˝ =³¼Þš₣ć²=Þˇ =ס¹ˇŠć ³šÐ=³½−Þ=ס¹ˇÝ¸×½ž=
½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ K
≥
?fl ×− ³½K=fl Þˇ ¾K=Óˇ ¹˙ ŠK?W
„×ÐŁšŁˇÐ ć ÞšÐ=š˙ Þ=¦ˇ=ˇ×− ³½ˇ Ýš˝ =¸=ş₣ Ð=ý˝ˇ =ˇ Þˇ ¾− ¹˙ =×− ¼=
¦ˇ =šÐŠ− ×− К˝ =½− Þ=ˇ ×− ³½− Ý˚ˇ =ş ½Ð=˚₣ š½š=Ý˙Ł šÐ=˚ Þˇ =jjpL
pjpK
≥
?fl ×− ŠšÐð½K=ˇ Þ˙ł Þğ ³ž²?W
„Þš¹ł− ×− К˝ =¸=ˇ ךޚ¹ł− ×− К˝ =½žÞ=fl ×− ³½− ݸ=fl Þˇ ¾− ¹˙ ²=
fl Þ˙ łÞğ ³ž²=ş ½ ˇ Þ=ˇ ס нž¦š˝ =ˇ ׺ =½ − Þ=× ˇ ¹ˇ ݸ׽ž=Þˇ =
šÞžýš¹ć ³šÐ=½− Þ=ˇ×− ³½− ݸ=łÐˇ =½žÞ=ˇ Þ˙ łÞğ ³ž=½− ¼=
ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²K
≥
?Û× −ł ¹ ˇ¾¸?W
flÞ− ˝łšÐ=½žÞ= −¦ şÞž=šÐ³ ˇłğł¸²=½ž²=¼× −ł¹ˇ¾¸²K
≥
?fl ¼½ş ýˇ ½ž=ŠÐˇł ¹ˇ ¾¸?W
‚Ðˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ=ˇ ¼½şýˇ ½ˇ =½ç=×Ð− =ס ÝÐş =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ=ˇ×ş =½− ¼²=
¾ˇ ð˚ Ý− ¼²=?„гš¹₣şýšÞˇ ?I=?Ò½ˇ Ýý˚Þˇ ?=¸=ðˇ Ð=½− ¼²=м−=
E„гš¹₣ş ýšÞˇ =ðˇ Ð=Ò½ˇ Ýý˚Þˇ FI=ş½ˇ Þ=ˇ ¼½−˝= ł šý˝³− ¼ÞK
≥
?fl ¼½ş ýˇ ½ž=š×ˇ Þˇ ×− ³½− ݸ?W
„×Ð₣ šÐ¹š˝ =Þˇ =³½š˝ ÝšÐ=þˇÞ˙ =ý˚₣ ¹Ð=м−=¾−¹˚ ²=˚ Þˇ =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =
pjpLjjp=×− ¼=ˇ×˚ ½¼₣ š=Þˇ =³½ˇ Ýš˝=Eš×ÐÝ−ł ¸=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=
?Íž=šÞš¹łş?FK
≥
?Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=Ý˝ ³½ˇ ²=ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ?W
„Þˇ ÝÝ˙ ³³šÐ=½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ =½− ¼=ł¹ˇ ýýˇ½− ðÐŁğ ½˝− ¼=ý𽎠þĆ =
?Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=ý˝ˇ ²=ł¹ˇ ýý¸²?=ðˇÐ=?Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=ŠĆ− =ł ¹ˇ ýýć Þ?K
RS ÍžÞĆýˇ½ˇ
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=pjp
A
=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=jžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ?= →=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=pjp?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =³½−Ð₣š˝ − =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½šK
≥
≥
≥
≥
=Ej=QJVJOF =Ej=QJVJPF
?Ë˚ Þ½¹− =ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ?W
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =½− ¼=ð˚ Þ½¹− ¼=ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ ÞK
„˙ Þ=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =šÐ³˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =₣ć ¹ˇ ²=³š=˚ Þˇ Þ=
ŠÐš¦Þ¸=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =ðݸ³ž²=×Ð˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=
Þˇ =šý¾ˇ Þг½š˝ =½− =³Ć ýŁ− Ý− =
?Í− ¹¾¸?W
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=ý− ¹¾¸=ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=
₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½š=ş½ˇ Þ=ŠžýÐ − ¼¹ łš˝ ½š= ˚ Þ ˇ =Þ ˚ − =ý¸Þ¼ý ˇK
?‚Ðˇ й− ý¸=ˇ×˙ Þ½ž³ž²?W
fl×− Š ˚₣š½ ˇÐ=¸= ˇ×− ¹¹ ˝×½šÐ=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=ž=ŠÐˇŠ¹− ý¸=
ˇ× ˙Þ½ž³ž²=Þˇ=š˝Þ ˇÐ=˝ŠÐˇ=ýš=½ž=ŠÐ ˇŠ¹− ý¸=ˇ×− ³½− ݸ²I=ş½ˇÞ=
ݡ ýŁ˙ Þš½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =ˇ ×˙ Þ½ž³ž²=ł Ðˇ =½− =ý¸Þ¼ý˙ =³ˇ ²K
?‡šÝ½Ð³½−×−˝ ž³ž?W
⁄ ½ ˇ Þ=¹¼¦ýг½š ˝ =³š=?„Þš¹łş?=E×¹ −š×ÐÝ −ł ¸FI= − Ð=
₣ˇ¹ ˇð½¸¹š²=ŠÐ×Ý −Ć=ÄóíÉI= ş× ğ²=š ˝Þ ˇÐ= −Ð=š¼¹ ğס İð −˝=
₣ˇ¹ ˇð½¸¹š²=ýš=½ şÞ −I=ýš½ ˇ½¹ ˚× −Þ½ ˇÐ=³š= ₣ˇ¹ ˇð½¸¹š²=
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NK
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ş Þ− ýˇ F
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NK
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NK
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NK
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OK
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PK
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NK
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OK
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ך¹Ð−₣¸²K
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A →=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=jžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ?= →=?ÓÝž¹K=˼Ğ˚ Ýž²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
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½ˇ =Š˝ ð½¼ˇ =ðÐÞž½¸²=½žÝš¾ğÞ˝ˇ ²K=·Ðˇ =ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹š²=
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?sçÇ~ÑçåÉ=äáîÉ>?=→=?ÒšÝЊ− Šš˝ 𽚲?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=roi=×− ¼=š×Ц ¼ýš˝ ½š=ðˇ Ð=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝK zK
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×šþš¹łˇ ³½š˝ ½š=½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ =ýš=½− ¼²=
ÒšÝЊ− Šš˝ 𽚲=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×−Ðć Þ½ˇ ²=½Ð²=šþ¸²=š×ÐÝ−ł˚ ²W
?¿Þ−Ðłýˇ ?W= „×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=˚Þˇ =³šÝЊ− Šš˝ ð½žK
?Èš×½− ýK?W „ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=ˇÞˇ ݼ½Ðð˚ ²=
?fl ×− ³½K=³šÝ˝ Ў ²?W Ò½˚ ÝÞšÐ=½ž=ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=roi=³½− ¼²=
?Î˚− ?W ‚žýÐ− ¼¹łš˝ =Þ˚ − ¼²=¾ˇð˚Ý− ¼²=¸=
?Íš½−Þ−ýˇ ³˝ˇ ?W Íš½−Þ−ý˙ ŽšÐ=³šÝЊ− Šš˝ 𽚲K
W
Íš½ˇð˝ Þž³ž=½ğ Þ=ýˇ ¹ðˇ ¹Ð³ý˚Þğ Þ=³½− Ð₣ š˝ğ Þ=³½žÞ=
− ¦ş ÞžK
W„ ð ½ š Ý š˝=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=×− ¼=šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=³½ž=ý˚ ³ž=
½ž²=ð˙½ğ =×Ýš¼¹˙ ²=½ž²=−¦ş Þž²K
ŠšþÐ˙ =×Ýš¼¹˙ =½ž²=−¦ş Þž²K
ı ¹ž³Ðý−×− К ˝ ½ˇ Ð=łÐ ˇ =½ž=³ĆÞŠš³ž=ýš=½−=?sçÇ~ÑçåÉ=
äáîÉ>?=ˇÞ− ˝ł−Þ½ ˇ ²=½− Ю=ДкзплЙкK
E³½Ðł ýÐˇ˝− =×˙ ½žýˇ FW
÷þ−Š− ²=ˇ×ş =½− Ю=ДкзплЙкK
E×Ð˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− FW
fl ךޚ¹ł− × − К ˝ =½−=½žÝ ˚ ¾ğ Þ − K
=Ej=OJPF
×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²=łÐˇ =½ž=³šÝ˝ Ў =t^mK
ס ¹ˇ ݸ׽š²K
³šÝЊ− Šš˝ 𽚲K
?„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ =roi?W „ךþš¹ł˙ Žš½ˇ Ð=½ž=ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=roi=
?Íš½ˇð˝ Þž³ž?W Íš½ˇ ðÐÞš˝=½− ¼²=ÒšÝЊ− Šš˝ 𽚲=³š=
?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸?W ‚Ðˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ=˚Þˇ =³šÝЊ− Šš˝ ð½žK
?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=şÝğ Þ?W ‚Ðˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ=şÝ− ¼²=½− ¼²=
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šР²=_кзплЙк
?sçÇ~ÑçåÉ=äáîÉ>?=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šР²=_кзплЙк?
?Í˚ł š¦− ²=ł¹ˇ ýý˙ ½K?W ̹˝ ŽšÐ=½− =ý˚ł š¦− ²=ł¹ˇ ýýˇ ½− ³šÐ¹˙ ²=
?‡¸ýˇ =ðĆ Ýгž²?W Ô¼¦ý˝ ŽšÐ=½žÞ=½ˇ₣ýž½ ˇ =ðĆ Ýгž²K
?Óˇ¹ˇ×− ý׸=³Ć ÞŠš³ž²?W
?`ззвбЙл?W Ô¼¦ý˝ ŽšÐ=½Ð²=š×ÐÝ−ł˚²=½ğЮ=ЕззвбЙлK
?ȸРšÐ²?W fl ךޚ¹ł− ×− К˝ =½ž=Ý¸Ğ ž=ŠšŠ− ý˚ Þğ Þ=
?fl ³¾˙ ÝšÐˇ ?W Ô¼¦ý˝ ŽšÐ=½− =š×˝ ךŠ− =×¹− ½¹− ׸²=
?t^m=mìëÜ?W Ô¼¦ý˝ ŽšÐ=š˙Þ=₣¹šÐ ˙Žš³½š=
?ȸРž=³š?W Ô¼¦ý˝ ŽšÐ=½žÞ=½−×− ¦š³˝ˇ=Ý¸Ğ ž²K
½− ¼=³šÝЊ− Šš˝ ð½žK
ý˝ˇ =˙ ÝÝž=½− ×− ¦š³˝ˇ K
³šÝЊ− Šš˝ 𽚲K
=Ej=OJTF
½− ¼=ДкзплЙкK
„Þš¹ł− ×− К˝ =¸=ˇ ךޚ¹ł− ×− К˝ =½žÞ=
šÐŠ−×−˝ ž³ž=½− ¼=ˇ×− ³½−Ý˚ˇ K
ˇ×ş =¾ğ ½−ł ¹ ˇ¾ ˝š²L¸₣− ¼²L
ˇÞ½Ððš ˝ýšÞ ˇK
ˇ³¾ ˇÝš ˝ˇ²K
š×Ð Łš Ł ˇ˝ğ ³ž= łÐˇ=ýžÞ Ć ýˇ½ ˇ=éìëÜK
sçÇ~ÑçåÉ =äáîÉ> SN
ÌÐ=„×ÐÝ−ł˚ ²=½− ¼=_кзплЙк
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½š=ŠÐ˙¾− ¹š²=š×ÐÝ−ł˚ ²=łÐˇ =½− Þ=t^m=
ДкзплЙкK
C
=→=x„×ÐÝKz
?„×ÐÝ−ł ¸?W= „×ÐÝ˚ł šÐ=ý˝ˇ =³šÝ˝Šˇ =t^mK
?fl ¹₣ Ðð¸=ÒšÝ˝ Ў ?W Íš½˙Ł ˇ ³ž=³½žÞ=ˇ ¹₣ Ðð¸=³šÝ˝ ЎK
?ÒšÝЊ− Šš˝ 𽚲?W ‚š˝ ½š=½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ SNK
?Ò¸ýˇ Þ³ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ ²?W ͡ ¹ð˙ ¹šÐ=½žÞ=š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž=³šÝ˝ Ў =
t^mK
?fl ×− ¦¸ðK=½− ¼=³¼ÞŠ˚ ³ý− ¼?W
Ù− ¹½ć ÞšÐ=½ˇ =ŠšŠ− ý˚ Þˇ =½ž²=
³¼ÞŠšŠšý˚ Þž²=t^m=³šÝ˝Šˇ ²K
?fl ×− ¦¸ðK=ˇ Þ½ÐðšÐý˚Þğ Þ?W
fl ×− ¦žðš Ć šÐ= ˇ Þ½Ððš˝ ýšÞˇ =ˇ ׺ =½Ð²=
³šÝ˝ Šš²=t^mK
?„г˙ł š½š=roi?W Ó˙ šÐ=³½žÞ=³šÝ˝Šˇ=t^m=½ž²=
ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž²=roi=×− ¼=˚₣ š½š=šÐ³˙łšÐK
?Ó¹ş³Łˇ ³ž=³½− =г½− ¹Ððş ?W
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½− =г½− ¹Ððş =½ğ Þ=
ך¹Ðžł ¸³šğ Þ=³ˇ ²K
?Ó¹−ć ¦ž³ž?W= Íš½ˇŁ ˇ˝ ÞšÐ=³½žÞ=š×ş ýšÞž=³šÝ˝Šˇ=ˇ×ş =
½Ð²=³šÝ˝ Šš²=×− ¼=šý¾ˇÞ˝ ³½žðˇ Þ=¸ŠžK
?
Î˚ˇ =¾ş ¹½ğ ³ž=³šÝ˝ Ў ²
?W flÞˇ Þšć ÞšÐ=½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ =t^m=łÐˇ =½ž=
Ý¸Ğ ž=Þ˚ğ Þ=×Ýž¹−¾− ¹Ðć ÞK
?„ЊÐð˚ ²?W „ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½ˇ =×¹−žłý˚ Þˇ =ýšÞ−ĆK
?÷þ−Š− ²?W ÷þ−Š− ²=ˇ×ş =½− Ю=ДкзплЙкK
ÌÐ=Ó¹−žłý˚Þš²=„×ÐÝ−ł˚²
C
=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→=?„ЊÐð˚ ²?
?fl ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž=ÒšÝ˝ Šğ Þ?W „ý¾ˇ Þ˝ Ž− Þ½ˇ Ð=½ˇ =ˇ ×− ¦žðš¼ý˚ Þˇ =
³½Ðł ýÐş ½¼×ˇK
?fl ×− ¦¸ðK=³šÝ˝ Ў ²?W fl ×− ¦žðšĆ šÐ=½ž=³šÝ˝ Ў =t^m=ğ ²=
½− ×Ððş =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− K
?fl ×− ³½K=³šÝ˝ Ў ²?W Ò½˚ ÝÞšÐ=½ž=ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=roi=ðˇ Ð=½−Þ=
½˝ ½Ý− =³½− ¼²=ˇ ×− Š˚ 𽚲K
?Èš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²?W „ý¾ˇ Þ˝ ŽšÐ=ˇ Þˇ ݼ½Ðð˚ ²=
×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²=łÐˇ =½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ =t^mK
?‚šŠ−ý˚ Þˇ =Óš¹Ðžł ž½¸?W„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ=½ ğ Þ=ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þğ Þ=½− ¼=
ДкзплЙкK=НЧ− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ŠÐˇł¹ ˙Ğ š½š=
½ž=эЮ¸эž=Е~ЕЬЙLЕззвбЙлLР³½− ¹ÐðşK
?fl Þˇ ޏ½K=½ž²=ÒšÝ˝ Ў ²?W flÞˇ Žž½˙ =³¼ł ðšð¹Ðý˚ Þš²=Ý˚ þšÐ²=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ =t^mK
?fl Þ½Ðł ¹ˇ ¾¸=ËšÐý˚ Þ− ¼?W fl Þ½Ðł ¹˙ ¾šÐ=½− =ðš˝ ýšÞ− =½ž²=
г½− ³šÝ˝Šˇ ²K
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šР²=_кзплЙк?W „э¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½ˇ =ýšÞ−Ć =¹¼¦ý˝ ³šğ ÞK
?„ס Þšð˝ ЮK=_кзплЙк?W „ס ÞšððÐÞš˝ =½− Ю=ДкзплЙкK
?Уš¹˝ ?W „ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=
½− Ю=ДкзплЙкK
SO sçÇ~ÑçåÉ=äáîÉ>
Í− ¼³Ðð¸
=Ej=PF
fl Þˇ ס ¹ˇ łğł¸=Í− ¼³Ðð¸²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹˙ł š½š=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ =¸₣− ¼=½ž²=ý− ¹¾¸²=jmPI=^^`=
+
=ýš=½žÞ=flÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸=Í− ¼³Ðð¸²K=ˡ½˙=½žÞ=
ðˇ Ð=^^`
ˇ Þ ˇ × ˇ ¹ ˇ łğł¸= ˇ ¹₣š ˝ ğÞ=¸ ₣− ¼=³½ − =× ˇ ¹ ˇ ³ð¸ÞÐ −I=ý× − ¹š ˝ ½š=Þ ˇ =
₣¹ž³Ðý −× −и³š½š=ð ˇÐ= ˙ÝÝ ˇ=ýšÞ −ĆK
flÞ ˇ× ˇ¹ˇłğł¸= fl¹₣ š ˝ğÞ= ◊₣−¼
?Í− ¼³Ðð¸?=→=?Â=ý− ¼³Ðð¸=ý− ¼?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?⁄ Ýž=ž=Í− ¼³Ðð¸?=¸=½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ ס ¹ˇłğł¸²=×−¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇðşĞ š½š=×¹− ³ğ ¹ÐÞ˙ =½žÞ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸I=×Ð˚ ³½š= K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =³½ˇýˇ ½¸³š½š=šÞ½šÝć ²=½žÞ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸=×Ð˚ ³½š=
xÓ˝³ğ zK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Ê ˇ =š¹ ğ½ž¦š ˝ ½š=š ˙ Þ=¦ ˚ Ýš½š=Þ ˇ= ˇ Þ ˇ × ˇ ¹ ˙ ł− Þ½ ˇ Ð= −Ð=¸ ₣−Ð=¸= ş₣ÐI=
ş½ˇ Þ=šÞš¹ ł−× −и³š½š=½−=×¹ −¾˝ Ý=ÒÐ ğ×žÝ şK
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹˙łš½š=½− =½šÝ𼽎˝−=ˇ ¹₣š˝− =š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ښݚ¼½K=
ý− ¼³Ððş =ð− ýý˙½Ð?K=Â=?Ú¹˚₣−¼³ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸?=šý¾ ˇÞ˝Žš½ˇÐ=
ş ½ˇ Þ=½ − =ˇ ¹ ₣ š˝ − =ˇ Þ ˇ × ˇ ¹ ˙ ł 𽎠ÐK
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=š× г½ ¹˚Ğ š½š=³½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=½− ¼=ËùÐ− ¼=ýšÞ−Ć =ðˇ½˙=
½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ=ˇÞˇ ס ¹ˇłğł ¸²=šÞş ²=ˇ ¹₣ š˝−¼=³½− =ס¹ˇ ³ð¸ÞÐ−K
≥
Í× − ¹š ˝½š=Þ ˇ=ŠžýÐ − ¼¹ ł ¸³š½š=½žÞ=×¹ −³ ğ ×Ðð¸=³ ˇ²=Ý ˝³½ ˇ=
ˇÞ ˇ× ˇ¹ ˇłğł¸²=ס¹ ˇ¦ ˚½− Þ½ ˇ²=ýşÞ − =½ˇ= ˇ¹₣ š ˝ˇ=×−¼=
š×Ц¼ýš ˝½š=E³šÝK SQFK
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½š=½− Þ=¸₣− =³½−=Ł ¸ýˇ==OK=ÓÐ˚³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=
ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?÷Ýšł₣−²=Úş Þ− ¼?K=„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ˡ Þ− ÞÐðş ?I=?_~лл?I=
?pмккзмеЗ?=¸=?pмккзмеЗ=_~лл?K
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½− =ý−½˝ Ł−=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸²= ³½−=ُýˇ=OK=
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Í−½˝ Ł−=fl Þˇ ס ¹K?K
?ˡÞ− ÞÐðş ?W flÞˇ×ˇ¹˙ł−Þ½ ˇ Ð=şÝˇ =½ˇ =ˇ ¹₣ š˝ˇ =šÞş ²=
?„סÞ˙ ÝžĞ ž?W Ò¼Þš₣˝ ŽšÐ=½žÞ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸=³½−=
?„סÞ˙ ÝžĞ ž=⁄Ýğ Þ?W
?Ú¼₣ˇ˝ − ?W flÞˇ×ˇ¹˙ł−Þ½ ˇ Ð=½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ =šÞş²=
≥
Í× −¹š ˝ ½š=Þ ˇ =šÝ ˚ ł₣š½š=½žÞ= flÞ ˇ × ˇ ¹ ˇ łğł¸=Í − ¼³Ðð¸²=
₣¹ž³Ðý −× −Ð ćÞ½ ˇ²=½ ˇ=× ˇ¹ ˇð ˙½ ğ=×ݸ𽹠ˇW
aLb
W=fl ¼þ˙ ÞšÐ=¸=ýšÐć ÞšÐ=½žÞ=˚ Þ½ˇ ³žK
b
=E×Ð˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− FW=Ò˝ł ˇ³žK
d
W=Íš½˙Ł ˇ ³ž=³½− =š×ş ýšÞ−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −K
c
W=„×г½¹˚ ¾šÐ=³½žÞ=ˇ¹₣ ¸=½− ¼=½¹˚₣− Þ½− ²=ˇ¹₣ š˝− ¼K
d
=E×Ð˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− FW=·¹¸ł− ¹ž=×¹−榞³žK
c
=E×Ð˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− FW=„×г½¹− ¾¸K
F
W=flÞˇ×ˇ¹˙ł šÐ=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =³½− =ס¹ˇ ³ð¸ÞÐ−K
š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− ¼=¾ˇð˚Ý− ¼=ý˝ˇ=¾−¹ ˙=ðˇ Ð=³½ž=
³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇ =ž=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸=³½ ˇýˇ½˙K
š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− =¾˙ ðšÝ−K
fl Þˇ ס ¹˙ ł−Þ½ ˇ Ð=şÝˇ =½ ˇ = ˇ ¹ ₣ š ˝ˇ =šÞ ş ²=
š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− ¼=¾ˇð˚Ý− ¼K
š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− ¼=¾ˇð˚Ý− ¼=ýš=½¼₣ ˇ˝ˇ=³šÐ¹˙K
Í− ¼³Ðð¸ SP
fl Þˇ ޏ½ž³ž=šÞş ²= fl¹₣ š ˝−¼=·Ð ˇ =fl Þˇ×ˇ ¹ˇ łğł¸
?Í− ¼³Ðð¸?=→=?Â=ý− ¼³Ðð¸=ý− ¼?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?⁄ Ýž=ž=Í− ¼³Ðð¸?=¸=½ž=Ý˝³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸²=×−¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?flÞˇŽ¸½ž³ž?K
PK
„г˙ł š½š=½ˇ =׹㽎=ł ¹˙ýýˇ½ˇ =½− ¼=½˝ ½Ý−¼K
Ú ˇ= ˇ× − ½šÝ ˚³ý ˇ½ ˇ=½ž²= ˇÞ ˇŽ¸½ž³ž²=šý¾ ˇÞ ˝ Ž− Þ½ ˇ Ð=ýš=
ˇÝ¾ ˇŁž½Ðð¸=³šÐ¹˙=ðˇÐ=½−=ˇ¹ ₣š˝ − =×− ¼=³¼ý×˝×½šÐ=ýˇ¹ð˙¹š½ˇÐK
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=fl¹₣š˝ −¼=³½ž=È˝ ³½ˇ=flÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł ¸³š½š=ý˝ˇ=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸²=
ðˇ ½ˇ₣ğ ¹ć Þ½ˇ ²=³D=ˇ ¼½¸=½ˇ =ˇ ¹₣ š˝ˇ =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
?Í− ¼³Ðð¸?=→=?Â=ý− ¼³Ðð¸=ý− ¼?=→=?⁄ Ýž=ž=Í− ¼³Ðð¸?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ˇ ¹₣š˝ −=×−¼=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ=×¹− ³¦˚ ³š½ š=³½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=
ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇłğł¸²K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³¦K=È˝ ³½K=flÞˇ×?K
„ý¾ˇÞ˝Ž− Þ½ˇ Ð=− Ð=Ý˝ ³½š²=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸²K=·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=
³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=×¹− ³¦¸ðž=ý˝ˇ ²=Ý˝ ³½ˇ ²=ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇłğł ¸²=Šš˝½š=
?Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=ý˝ˇ ²=Î˚ˇ ²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=flÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇ łğł ¸²?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =¾˙ ðšÝ− =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Ú− =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− =×− ¼=˚₣ š½š=ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹šÐ=³½− =Ł ¸ýˇ =N=ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆ 𽎠ÐK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇł¹ ˙Ğ š½š=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ=ˇ×ş =½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸²I=
ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− ==ðˇ Ð=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKzK
Ò½ž=³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇI=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł ¹K=ˇ×ş =È˝³½ˇ?K
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=ý˝ˇ ²=Î˚ˇ ²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=flÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸²
?Í− ¼³Ðð¸?=→=?Â=ý− ¼³Ðð¸=ý− ¼?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³¦K=Î˚ˇ²=È˝ ³½K?K
OK
„г˙ł š½š=½−=şÞ−ýˇ=×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš ˝½š=łÐ ˇ=½ž=Ý˝³½ˇ=
ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇ łğł¸²K
PK
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š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=È˝ ³½ˇ ²?K
ȸРž=ý− ¼³ÐðćÞ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ğÞ
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„ý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ=Ý¸Ğž²= ˇ¹₣ š˝ğÞ=ý−¼³Ðð¸²K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
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fl ¼½¸=ž=¼×ž¹š³˝ˇ =ŠšÞ=š ˝Þˇ Ð=ŠÐ ˇ¦˚ ³Ðýž= ˇ×ş = − ¹Ð³ý ˚ Þ− ¼²=
ס ¹−₣ š˝ ²=¼×ž¹š³Ðć ÞK=·Ðˇ =ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹š²=×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²I=
ס ¹ˇ ðˇ Ý−Ć ýš=š×Ðð− ÐÞğ Þ¸³½š=ýš=½− Þ=ס¹−₣ ˚ˇ =¼×ž¹š³Ðć ÞK
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¸₣ğÞ=ð ˇ Р=обЗЙз=ЕдбйK=fl ðş ýž=³½− =ýšÞ−Ć =?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
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ˇ ðş ýž=Þ ˇ =ý𽎠Šć ³š½š=¾ ğ ½ −ł ¹ ˇ ¾˝ š²I=ŠšŠ−ý ˚ Þˇ =¸₣− ¼=ð ˇР=обЗЙз=
Åäáé=ý˚³ğ =¼×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ Þ=¸=½ž²=ˇ³Ć ¹ýˇ ½ž²=½š₣Þ−Ý−ł˝ˇ ²=
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Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ š²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ŠÐˇ₣ šÐ¹Ð³½š˝½š=½Ð²=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=×− ¼=Łł˙ Žš½š=ýš=
½žÞ=Ğ ž¾Ðˇ ð¸=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸=¸=½Ð²=šÐðş Þš²=×−¼=
?ðˇ ½šŁ˙ Žš½š?=ˇ×ş =ŠÐ˙¾− ¹š²=г½−³šÝ˝Šš²=½ −¼=гзДбдЙ=fенЙкеЙнK=
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ ³š½š=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=³½ˇ =šþ¸²=¾− ¹ý˙W=
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Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ¾ÐćÞ
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=d=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =šý¾ˇ Þг½š˝ =ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ =ˇ ׺ =½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇ =ýÞ¸ýž²=
c
ðˇ Ð=
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =×−¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =Šš˝ ½šK
Â=š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ =šý¾ˇ Þ˝ Žš½ˇÐ=³½žÞ=−¦ş ÞžK
ı¹¸³ž=Ù ğ½ −ł¹ ˇ¾Ð ćÞ= ğ²=ÙşÞ½ −
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½š=ğ ²=
¾ş Þ½− K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÔĆ ¦ýK=ğ ²=ÙşÞ½−?K
=Ej=SF
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Ej=SJNF
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fl ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž=Í ˝ˇ ²=Ùğ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾ ˝ˇ²=³½Ð²=ˡ½ˇ ₣𠹸³ šÐ²=½ ž²=È ˝ ³½ ˇ ²=
„ס¾ć Þ
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½š=ˇ¼½¸=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=ýşÞ− Þ=łÐˇ =½Ð²=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=×− ¼=˚₣š½š=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ ³šÐ=³½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=½ž²=³¼³ð𼏲K
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½−=ˇ¹₣š˝ −=×−¼= ¦˚Ýš½š= Þˇ=×¹ −³¦ ˚³š½š=³½ž=È˝³½ˇ=
„ס¾ć ÞK
=
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ³¦K=³š=„ ס¾˚ ²?K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ=ˇ Þ½Ððˇ½ˇ ³½¸³š½šI=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ˇ =ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þˇ =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=
Þˇ =ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆ ³š½šK
·Ðˇ=ˇ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž=ğ ²=Þ˚ˇ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³žI=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?˜²=Î˚ˇ =
„ס ¾¸?K
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=šÐ³ˇłğł¸=šÞş²=−Þşýˇ ½−²I=
Šš˝ ½š=?Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=Î˚ˇ ²=„ס ¾¸²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ =PRK
„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ¾ÐćÞ
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =š×šþš¹łˇ³½š˝½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþš¹ł K=Ùğ½−ł ¹K?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
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Â=?„ךþš¹ ł K=Ù ğ½ −ł ¹K?=ý× − ¹š˝=Þ ˇ =ýžÞ=š ˝ Þ ˇ Ð=ŠÐˇ¦ ˚ ³Ðýž=
ˇÞ ˙Ý−ł ˇ=ýš=½žÞ=×¹ğ½ ş ½¼×ž=¾ğ½−ł ¹ˇ¾˝ˇ=ðˇÐ=½žÞ=×¹− ³½ˇ³ ˝ˇ=
×Þš¼ý ˇ½Ðð ć Þ=ŠÐð ˇÐğ ý ˙ ½ğÞ=×− ¼=šÞŠš ₣− ý ˚Þ ğ ²=ŠÐ ˇ¦ ˚½šÐK
Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý−¼S R
Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł¸=½− ¼=Íšł˚¦−¼²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =×¹−³ˇ ¹ýş ³š½š=½ž=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ =³½− =ðˇ½˙ ÝÝžÝ−=
ý˚ł š¦− ²I=ˇ Þ˙ Ý−ł ˇ =ýš=½ž=³ðžÞ¸K
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− =³½−=− ×−˝ − =¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹−³ˇ ¹ýş ³š½š=
½− =ý˚ł š¦− ²K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ÝÝ ˇł¸=Íšł˚¦ −¼²?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Â=? flÝÝ ˇł ¸=Íš ł˚¦− ¼²?=ý× − ¹š ˝ =Þˇ=ýžÞ=š ˝Þ ˇ Ð=ŠÐ ˇ¦˚³Ðýž=
ˇÞ ˙Ý−ł ˇ=ýš=½žÞ=×¹ ğ½ ş½¼×ž=¾ ğ½ −ł¹ ˇ¾ ˝ˇ=ð ˇÐ=½žÞ=×¹ −³½ ˇ³ ˝ˇ=
×Þš¼ý ˇ½Ðð ć Þ=ŠÐð ˇÐğ ý ˙ ½ğ Þ=× − ¼=šÞŠš ₣− ý ˚Þ ğ ²=ŠÐ ˇ¦ ˚½šÐK
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
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·Ðˇ=˙Ýݡ=ýš Þ −Ć =š×Ð Ý−łć ÞI=Šš˝½š=?Ë− ÐÞ˙ =ÍšÞ−Ć =„ × Ð Ý−łć Þ?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ SUK
ȸРž=fl¹₣ š˝ğ Þ=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ ²=E aзпедз~ЗF
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?= →=?ȸРž=˙ ÝÝğ Þ?
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ=Ý¸Ğž²= ˇ¹₣ š˝ğÞ=¾ğ½−ł¹ ˇ¾˝ˇ²K
◊₣−Ð=C=Ë −¼Š −¼Þ ˝³ýˇ½ ˇ
Â=ŠÐ ˇ₣š ˝ ¹Ð³ž=½ ğ Þ= ˇ¹₣ š ˝ ğ Þ=¸ ₣− ¼=× − ¼= ˚₣ š½š=?ð ˇ½š Ł˙ ³šÐ?=ð ˇÐ=½ ğ Þ=
ˇ¹₣ š ˝ğÞ=^jo=× −¼= ˚₣š½š=ž ₣−ł¹ ˇ¾¸³šÐ=ýš=½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=
Â₣−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³ž²=Ùğ Þ¸²=ł˝ Þš½ˇ Ð=³½− =ýšÞ−Ć =?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ý?K=
ÌÐ=×¹− š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− Ð=¸₣−Ð=ð−¼Š−¼Þ˝³ýˇ½ −²=ŠšÞ=ך¹Ð˚₣−Þ½ ˇÐ=³½−=
ýšÞ−Ć =?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ý?=ÍşÞ− =½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ =¸₣− ¼=×− ¼=ý×−¹−Ć Þ=
Þˇ =ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇ₣ ¦−Ć Þ=³½− =½žÝ˚ ¾ğ Þ− =ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆ− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½− =ýšÞ−Ć =
?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?K
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fl Þˇ ס ¹ˇ łğł¸=fl¹₣ š ˝ğÞ=◊₣− ¼
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=d=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =šý¾ˇ Þг½š˝ =ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇ×ş =½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇ =ýÞ¸ýž²=
c
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ðˇ Ð=
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =×−¼=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ ¹˙ł š½šK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =³½ˇýˇ ½¸³š½š=½žÞ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸I=×Ð˚ ³½š= K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
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Â= ˇÞ ˇ × ˇ ¹ ˇ łğł¸=ý× − ¹š ˝=Þ ˇ =ýžÞ=š ˝ Þ ˇ Ð=ŠÐˇ¦ ˚ ³Ðýž=łÐˇ= − ¹Ð³ý˚Þ ˇ =
ˇ¹₣ š ˝ˇ=¸₣− ¼K
ı¹¸³ž=½ ğÞ= fl¹₣ š˝ğ Þ=◊₣− ¼=ğ ²=◊₣− ¼²=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝³ýˇ½−²
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×−и³š½š=ğ²=
¸₣− =ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½−²K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÔĆ ¦ýK=ğ ²=Ë− ¼ŠK?K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Ú ˇ =ý −¼³Ðð ˙ = ˇ ¹ ₣š ˝ˇ =½ Ć× −¼=^jo=ŠšÞ=ý× −¹ −Ć Þ=Þ ˇ=
₣¹ž³Ðý −× −О¦ −ĆÞ= ğ²=¸ ₣−Ð=ð −¼Š −¼Þ ˝³ý ˇ½ −²K
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·Ðˇ=˙Ýݡ =ýš Þ −Ć =š×ÐÝ −łć ÞI=Šš˝ ½š=?Ë− ÐÞ˙ =ÍšÞ−Ć =„ × Ð Ý −łć Þ?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ SUK
ȸРž=fl¹₣ š˝ğÞ=◊₣−¼
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?=→=?ȸРž=˙ ÝÝğ Þ?
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ=Ý¸Ğž²= ˇ¹₣ š˝ğÞ=¸₣−¼K
SS Ú− =¼ÝÐðş=ý−¼
Ej=SJQF
sбЗЙзл
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ŠÐˇ₣ šÐ¹Ð³½š˝½š=½ˇ =обЗЙз=Едбйл=Ч− ¼=˚₣ š½š=½¹ˇŁ ¸þšÐ=
ýš=½ž=Ł ÐÞ½š−ð˙ ý𹎠=¸=×− ¼=˚₣ š½š=ðˇ ½šŁ˙ ³šÐ=ˇ×ş =г½− ³šÝ˝ Šš²=
½− ¼=гзДбдЙ=fенЙкеЙнK
flÞ ˇ× ˇ¹ˇłğł¸= fl¹₣ š ˝ğÞ=sáÇÉç=`äáé
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?sбЗЙзл?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=d=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =šý¾ˇ Þг½š˝ =ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ =ˇ ׺ =½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇ =ýÞ¸ýž²=
c
=ł Ðˇ =š×г½¹−¾¸=³½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=½ž²=³¼³ð𼏲K
ðˇ Ð=
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =×−¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹˙ł š½šK
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇðşĞ š½š=×¹− ³ğ ¹ÐÞ˙ =½žÞ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸I=×Ð˚ ³½š= K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =³¼Þš₣˝ ³š½š=×Ð˚ ³½š=×˙ ÝÐ= K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =³½ˇýˇ ½¸³š½š=šÞ½šÝć ²=½žÞ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸I=×Ð˚ ³½š=
xÓ˝³ğ zK
ı¹¸³ž=šÞ ş²=sáÇÉç=`äáé= ğ²=sáÇÉç=Ë −¼Š −¼Þ ˝³ý ˇ½− ²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½š=½− =îá ÇÉç=Å äáé=³ˇ ²=Þˇ=ˇÞˇ ס ¹˙ł 𽎠Ð=ş½ˇ Þ=
ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ŽšÐ=½− =½žÝ˚ ¾ğ Þ− K
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?sбЗЙзл?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =обЗЙз=Едбй=Ч− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÔĆ ¦ýK=Ë− ¼ŠK=sáÇÉç?K
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
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³šÝ˝Šˇ SUK
ȸРž=sáÇÉç=ˇ¹₣ š˝ğ Þ=`äáé
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?sбЗЙзл?=→=?И¸Ğ ž=˙ ÝÝğ Þ?
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ =Ý¸Ğ ž²=ˇ¹₣ š˝ğ Ю=обЗЙз=ЕдбйK
¿Ýݡ =÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ
̹гý˚Þ− Ð=½Ć ×− Ð=ˇ¹₣ š˝ğ Þ=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ− Þ½ˇÐ=³½−=¾ ˙ðšÝ−=¿ÝÝ ˇ=
÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ =½− ¼=½žÝš¾ć Þ− ¼K=Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×šþš¹łˇ ³½š˝ ½š=ðˇ Ð=Þˇ=
₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½š=ˇ¼½˙ =½ˇ =ˇ ¹ ₣ š˝ˇ = ğ ²=ŠšŠ− ý˚ Þ ˇ =½ − ¼=¾ˇð˚ Ý − ¼=Ú−=
¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼K
¿Þ−Ðłýˇ =½−¼=fl¹₣ š˝−¼=„łł ¹˙ ¾−¼
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?¿Ýݡ =÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ ?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=d=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =šý¾ˇ Þг½š˝ =ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ =ˇ ׺ =½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇ =ýÞ¸ýž²=
c
ðˇ Ð=
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
·Ðˇ=˙Ýݡ=ýš Þ −Ć =š × Ð Ý −łć ÞI=Šš˝½š=?Ë− ÐÞ˙=Íš Þ−Ć =„× ÐÝ−łćÞ?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ SUK
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Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý−¼S T
Ë− ÐÞ˙ =ÍšÞ−Ć =„×ÐÝ−łć Þ
„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž=fl ¹₣ š˝ğ Þ=ýš=Ó¹− ³½ˇ³˝ˇ =ÓÞš¼ýˇ ½Ððć Þ=
‚ÐðˇÐğ ý˙½ğ Þ=EaojF
̹гý˚Þˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ =šÐðşÞğ ÞI=¸₣− ¼=ðˇ Р=обЗЙз=Едбй=ŠРˇ¦˚½− ¼Þ=˚Þˇ=
×¹şł ¹ˇ ýýˇ =Ğ ž¾Ðˇ ð¸²=×¹− ³½ˇ³˝ˇ ²=×Þš¼ýˇ ½Ððć Þ=ŠÐðˇÐğ ý˙½ğ ÞI=
½− =−×−˝ −=−Þ−ý˙ Žš½ˇ Р= aoj=EaбЦбн~д=oбЦЬнл=j~е~ЦЙгЙенI=ˆž¾Рˇ ð¸=
‚Ðˇ₣š ˝ ¹Ð³ž=‚ÐðˇÐğ ý˙½ğ ÞFK=·Ðˇ=Þˇ=ˇÞ− ˝ þš½š=½˚½− Ðˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ I=¦ˇ=
×¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =šÞš¹ł−×− и³š½š=½žÞ=Ğ ž¾Ðˇ ð¸=˙ ŠšÐˇ K=Úˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ =×− ¼=
×¹− ³½ˇ ½šĆ− Þ½ˇ Ð=ýš=aoj=šý¾ˇÞ˝Ž− Þ½ˇ Ð=ýš= K
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸K
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =šÞš¹ł− ×−и³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž?K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
̹гý˚ Þš²=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=ýš=×¹−³½ˇ³˝ˇ=aoj=š˝ÞˇÐ=×ЦˇÞş =Þˇ =
ýžÞ=ý×−¹−Ć Þ=Þˇ=ˇÞ− Ð₣ ½−Ć Þ=ˇðş ýž=ðˇÐ=³½žÞ=ך¹˝×½ğ³ž=×−¼=
š×Ð₣ šÐ¹¸³š½š=Þˇ=½Ð²=šÞš¹ł− ×− и³š½šK
fl×− ³½− ݸ=‚šŠ− ý ˚Þğ Þ= ˇ×ş =Ú− =¼ÝÐðş=ý−¼
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸K
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
→
=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?
→
=?sбЗЙзл?
→
=?¿Ýݡ =÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ ?
→
=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?
→
=?sбЗЙзл?
→
=?¿Ýݡ =÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×−³½−ݸ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?˜²=͸޼ýˇ ?I=?Нš=_дмЙнззнЬ?=¸=?Нš=ЫЧ˚ ¹¼¦¹š²?K
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½ž=ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=šÞ ş²=
ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=Šš˝ ½š=½žÞ=šÞş ½ž½ˇ =?‚žýÐ−¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚ − ¼=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ RMK
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=ˇ³Ć ¹ýˇ½− ¼=
_дмЙнззнЬ
=Šš˝ ½š=?_дмЙнззнЬ?=³½ž=³šЭ˝Šˇ NNNK=
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=¼×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ ÞI=
Šš˝ ½š=?Û×˚ ¹¼¦¹š²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ NNPK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
ÌÐ=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²L◊₣− РLsбЗЙз=Едбйл=Ч− ¼=×¹− ³½ˇ½šĆ− Þ½ˇÐ=ˇ×ş=
×Þš¼ýˇ ½Ðð˙ =ŠÐðˇÐć ýˇ½ˇ =ŠšÞ=ý×−¹−Ć Þ=Þˇ=ˇ×− ³½ˇÝ−Ć Þ=ğ ²=
³¼Þžýý˚Þˇ =³š=˚Þˇ =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ I=ýš=šþˇ˝ ¹š³ž=½ˇ=ˇ¹₣š˝ˇ =₣ğ¹Ð³½¸²=
ס ¹˙ Š− ³ž²K
≥
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=³Ć Žš¼þž=¦ˇ =₣ ¹šÐˇ ³½š˝ =Þˇ =šÐ³˙ł š½š=˚Þˇ Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş=ş½ˇ Þ=
³¼ÞŠ˚ š³½š=łÐˇ =׹㠽ž=¾−¹˙ =ýš=ý ˝ˇ =³¼³ðš¼¸=×− ¼=ŠÐˇ¦˚ ½šÐ=
ˇ ³Ć ¹ý ˇ ½ž=½š₣Þ− Ý−ł ˝ˇ =_дмЙнззнЬK
SU Ú− =¼ÝÐðş=ý−¼
ȸРž=‚šŠ−ý˚ Þğ Þ=Ò½− =¼ÝÐðş =ý−¼
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=½−=½žÝ ˚ ¾ğ Þ − =Ý ˇ ýŁ ˙ ÞšÐ=ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þ ˇ =Ò½ − =¼ÝÐð ş =ý − ¼I=
šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²=˚Þˇ =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ=
š×ÐŁšŁˇ˝ ğ ³ž²K
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xΡ ÐzK
Úˇ =Ýž¾¦˚ Þ½ˇ =ŠšŠ− ý˚ Þˇ =ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆ−Þ½ˇ Ð=³½− Þ=ˇ Þ½˝ ³½−Ð₣−=
¾˙ ðšÝ− I=Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼K
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=¼×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ Þ=¸=
_дмЙнззнЬI=Šš˝½š=?Ò¼ÞŠš³Ðýş½ž½ˇ ?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ NNNK
ı¹¸³ž=‚šŠ −ý ˚Þğ Þ= ˇ×ş =Ú−=¼ÝÐðş =ý−¼
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ˇ Þ½Ðł¹˙ Ğ š½šI=Þˇ=ýš½ˇðÐÞ¸³š½šI=Þˇ=½ˇþÐÞ−ý¸³š½šI=
Þˇ =ýš½− Þ− ý˙ ³š½š=ðˇ Ð=Þˇ =ŠÐˇł ¹˙Ğ š½š=½ˇ =ŠšŠ− ý˚ Þˇ =Ò½− =¼ÝÐðş =
ý− ¼K
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸K
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ЊÐð˚ ²?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
?Íš½ˇð˝ Þž³ž?W Íš½ˇ ðÐÞš˝ =½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ =³š=˚Þˇ Þ=˙ ÝÝ−=
?fl Þ½Ðł ¹ˇ ¾¸?W fl Þ½Ðł ¹˙ ¾šÐ=½ˇ =ˇ ¹₣ š˝ˇ K=„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =
?‚žýK=Ùˇð˚Ý− ¼?W ‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł š˝=˚Þˇ =Þ˚− =¾˙ ðšÝ−K
→
=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?
→
=?sбЗЙзл?
→
=?¿Ýݡ =÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ ?
¾ ˙ ðšÝ −K=„×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=½ −=¾ ˙ ðšÝ −=×¹ −²=½ −Þ=
−× −˝ −=¦ ˚Ýš½š=Þ ˇ=ýš½ ˇðÐÞ¸³š½šK
¾ ˙ðšÝ − =³½ − Þ= − × −˝− =¦ ˚Ýš½š=Þ ˇ=
ˇÞ½Ð ł¹ ˙Ğš½šK
?Ó− Ýݡ ×ݸ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸?W
?ˡ½˙½ˇ þž?W Úˇ þÐÞ− ýš˝ =½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − K=„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ¹₣ š˝−=
Íš½−Þ−ýˇ ³˝ˇ =šÞş ²=fl¹₣š˝− ¼
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸K
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝− =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Íš½−Þ−ýˇ³˝ˇ ?K
‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=šÞş ²=fl¹₣ š˝−¼
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝− =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸?K
„×ÐÝ˚ł šÐ=×− Ýݡ ×Ý˙=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇK
×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =½ˇ þÐÞ− ý¸³š½šK
→
=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?
→
=?sбЗЙзл?
→
=?¿Ýݡ =÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ ?
→
=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?
→
=?sбЗЙзл?
→
=?¿Ýݡ =÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ ?
Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý−¼S V
Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=Èš×½− ýš¹šÐć Þ=ˇ×ş =Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸K
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− =ł Ðˇ =½− =−×−˝ −=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ=Šš˝½š=½Ð²=
Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Èš×½− ýK?K
Ùş ¹½ğ ³ž=Eréäç~ÇF=‚šŠ−ý˚ Þğ Þ=ˇ×ş =Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š==Þˇ =¾− ¹½ć ³š½š=½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ =šÐðşÞˇ ²I=¸₣− ¼=¸=½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ=
обЗЙз=Едбй=³½− =jjp=mÜçíç=^äÄìãK
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =¾− ¹½ć ³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×−³½− ݸ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ò½− =^äÄìã?K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Úˇ =ˇ ¹₣ š˝ˇ =¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðć ÞI=¸₣−¼=ðˇ Ð=½ˇ =обЗЙз=Едбй=Ч− ¼=
×¹− ³½ˇ ½šĆ− Þ½ˇÐ=ˇ×ş =×Þ š¼ýˇ ½Ðð˙ =ŠÐð ˇ Ðć ýˇ ½ˇ =Šš Þ=ý×− ¹−Ć Þ=Þˇ =
¾− ¹½ğ ¦−Ć ÞI=ýš=šþˇ˝ ¹š³ž=½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ=ığ¹Ð³½¸²=Óˇ¹˙Š−³ž²K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =„×ÐÝ˚þš½š=Ó− Ýݡ ×Ý˙=fl¹₣š˝ˇ
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=ס¹ˇ×˙Þğ =ˇ×ş =˚Þˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝−= ˇ×ş =Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =
ý− ¼=ł Ðˇ =ý𽎠ð˝ Þž³žI=ˇ Þ½Ðł¹ˇ ¾¸=¸=ŠÐˇ ł¹ˇ ¾¸K
→
=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?
→
=?sбЗЙзл?
→
=?¿Ýݡ =÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ ?
→
=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?
→
=?sбЗЙзл?
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Â=ˇðş Ý− ¼¦ž=ŠÐˇ ŠÐðˇ³˝ˇ =𾎠¹ýş Žš½ˇ Ð=ş½ˇ Þ=˚₣−¼Þ=
ýˇ ¹ðˇ ¹Ð³½š˝ =ðˇ ½ˇ₣𹸳šÐ²=šð½ş²=ˇ×ş =½Ð²=?ȸРž=˙ÝÝğ Þ?K
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸K
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?= →=x„×ÐÝKz
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ЊÐð˚ ²?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó− Ýݡ ×ݸ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸?K
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =Þˇ =šÝ˚ ł þš½š=½ˇ=− Þş ýˇ½ˇ=ˇ ¹₣ š˝ğ Þ=×− ¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
QK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ=ˇ¾ˇ й˚ ³š½š=½− =½³šð˙ ¹Ð³ýˇ I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=þˇÞ˙=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =¸=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×− š×ÐÝ−ł¸?=³½− =Ł ¸ýˇ =QK
≥
„ ˙Þ=¦ ˚Ýš½š=Þ ˇ=š×ÐÝ ˚þš½š= ş Ý ˇ=½ ˇ= ˇ¹ ₣ š ˝ˇI=š×ÐÝ˚þ½š=?„×ÐÝ −ł ¸=
⁄Ýğ Þ?=³½− =Ł ¸ýˇ=QK=·Ð ˇ=Þ ˇ= ˇð¼¹ć ³š½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=şÝ ğ Þ=½ğ Þ=
ˇ¹₣ š ˝ğÞI=š×ÐÝ ˚þ½š=?„þˇ˝¹š³ž=şÝğÞ?K
→
=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?=→=x„×ÐÝKz
→
=?sбЗЙзл?=→=x„ЧРЭKz
→
=?¿Ýݡ =÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ ?=→=x„×ÐÝKz
TM Ú− =¼ÝÐðş=ý−¼
Óˇ Ð₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł ˚ ²
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=šÐŠÐð˚ ²=𾎠¹ý−ł˚ ²=½ž²=sçÇ~ÑçåÉI=
Šš˝ ½š=?ÓˇÐ₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ TOK
Ó¹ş ½¼×ˇ =Ëš˝ýšÞˇ
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ðˇ½ˇ ₣𠹸³š½š=˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=RM=×¹ş ½¼×ˇ =ðš˝ ýšÞˇ=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ=
½ˇ =₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½š=³š=ł ¹ˇ ×½˙ =ýžÞĆ ýˇ ½ˇ =¸=ýžÞĆ ýˇ ½ˇ =
×− ݼý˚ ³ğ ÞK=Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½š=˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=ORS=
₣ ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²=³š=˚ Þˇ =×¹ş½¼×− =ðš˝ýšÞ − K
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=Ù¹˙ ³šğ Þ=³š=Ó¹ş ½¼×ˇ =Ëš˝ ýšÞˇ
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ó¹ş ½¼×ˇ =Ëš˝ ýšÞˇ ?=→=?Ó¹− ³¦K=Î˚− ¼=
Ó¹−½Ć ×K?
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½− =ðš˝ ýšÞ− =ðˇ Ð=×Ð˚ ³½š = K
„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ=Ó¹−½Ć×ğÞ=ËšÐý˚ÞğÞ
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ó¹ş ½¼×ˇ =Ëš˝ ýšÞˇ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹ş ½¼×− =ðš˝ ýšÞ− =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=
š×šþš¹łˇ ³½š ˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ ?K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =Šš˝ ½š=½− =×¹ş ½¼×− =ðš˝ ýšÞ− I=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
?Ó¹−Ł− ݸ?K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇł¹ ˙Ğ š½š=½− =×¹ş½¼×−=ðš˝ýšÞ −I=×Ð˚³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇÐ=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸?K
PK
Ú¹−×−×− и³½š=½− =ðš˝ ýšÞ− =ðˇ Ð=×Ð˚ ³½š= K
fl ×− ³½ − ݸ=Ó¹ ş ½¼× ğ Þ=ËšÐý ˚Þğ Þ
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ó¹ş ½¼×ˇ =Ëš˝ ýšÞˇ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹ş ½¼×− =ðš˝ ýšÞ− =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×− ³½− ݸ=Ó¹−½Ć×− ¼?K
=Ej=SJPF
=Ej=SJRF
ˡ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ÍÞ¸ýž²
fl ¼½¸=ž=ݚн−¼¹ł ˝ˇ =³ˇ ²=Ł−ž¦ ˙ =Þˇ =šÝ˚ ł₣š½š=½žÞ=ð ˇ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=½ž²=
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ı ¹¸³ž=„¾ˇ ¹ý−łć Þ
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NK
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OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÓÝž ¹ −¾− ¹˝ š²?K
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NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
Ëݸ³šÐ²=C=ϼ×Þž½¸¹Ðˇ
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=− ¹˝ ³š½š=½žÞ=×¹− ½š¹ˇÐş ½ž½ˇ=ł Ðˇ =½Ð²=šÐ³š¹₣ş ýšÞš²=
ðݸ³šÐ²=ðˇ Ð=½− =þ¼×Þž½¸¹Ð=ðˇ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙¹ðšÐˇ =šð½˚ Ýš³ž²=ý˝ˇ ²=
𾎠¹ý−ł ¸²K
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?ÓˇÐ₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=
→
=?Ëݸ³šÐ²=C=ϼ×Þž½K?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ëݸ³ž=Ùğ Þ¸²?I=?Ëݸ³ž=sáÇÉç?I=?„гš¹₣ş ýšÞ−=
͸޼ýˇ ?=¸=?ϼ × Þž½¸¹Ð?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =×¹−¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
≥
?Ó¹− ½š¹K=Ëݸ³ž²?I=?Ó¹− ½š¹K=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=¸=?Ó¹− ½š¹K=
ϼ×Þž½K?W
Â=𾎠¹ý−ł ¸=½˝¦š½ˇÐ=ˇ¼½şý ˇ½ˇ=³š=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸=ðˇÐ=ý×−¹š ˝½š=Þˇ=
ˇ ס Þ½¸³š½š=³š=ý˝ˇ =ðݸ³ž=¸=˚Þˇ =ý¸Þ¼ý ˇ I=¸=¦ ˇ=ˇ ð− ¼³½š ˝ =½ −=
þ¼×Þž½¸¹ÐI=ˇÞ½˝³½−Ð₣ ˇK=fl¾−Ć =½š¹ýˇ½Ð³½š˝=ž=ðݸ³žI =½ −=ý¸Þ¼ý ˇ=
¸=½− =þ¼×Þž½¸¹ÐI=šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=½− =šÐð−Þ˝ ŠÐ−=ˇ Þˇ ý− Þ¸²=E F=łÐˇ =
Þˇ =ł Þğ ¹˝ Žš½š=ş ½Ð=˚₣ šÐ=½š¦š˝=³š=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸=ý˝ˇ=𾎹ý−ł ¸K
≥
?„Њ− ×K=Ëݸ³ž²?I=?„Њ− ×K=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=¸=?„Њ− ×K=ϼ×Þž½K?W
Ò½žÞ=׹㠽ž=ł¹ˇ ýý¸=½ž²=−¦ş Þž²=šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ýÐˇ =?ýˇ ¹ð˝Žˇ ?=
Eð¼ÝÐş ýšÞ− Ð=₣ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²F=šÞć =³¼Þš₣˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ž=šð½˚ Ýš³ž=½ž²=
𾎠¹ý−ł ¸²K=„˙ Þ=×Ð˚ ³š½š=
ðˇ Ð=ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =Šš₣ ½š˝ ½š=ýÐˇ =šÐ³š¹₣ş ýšÞž=ðݸ³ž=¸=˚Þˇ=
ý¸Þ¼ýˇ K=fl¾−Ć =½š¹ýˇ½Ð³½š˝=ž=ðݸ³ž=¸=½−=ý¸Þ¼ý ˇI=šý¾ˇÞ˝Žš½ˇÐ=
½− =šÐð− Þ˝ ŠÐ− =ˇ Þˇ ý− Þ¸²=E F=łÐˇ =Þˇ =łÞğ¹˝ Žš½š=ş½Ð=˚₣ šÐ=½š¦š˝ =³ š =
ˇ Þˇ ý− Þ¸=ý ˝ˇ =𾎠¹ý−ł ¸K
D
I=ž=𾎹ý−ł ¸=½˝ ¦š½ˇ Ð=³š=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸=
pЕкЙЙел~оЙкл
Í× − ¹š ˝½š=Þ ˇ=ð ˇ½š Ł˙ ³š½š=š¾ ˇ¹ý −ł˚ ²=лЕкЙЙел~оЙк= łÐˇ=½ž Þ= − ¦ ş Þž=
ˇÞ ˇý− Þ¸²=ð ˇÐ=Þ ˇ=− ¹ ˝³š½š=½ž=₣¹ − ÞÐð¸=ך¹˝−Š − =šÞš¹ł−×−˝ ž³ž²=
½− ¼=лЕкЙЙел~оЙкK
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?ÓˇÐ₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝³šÐ²? →=
?pЕкЙЙел~оЙкл?=
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
·Ðˇ =ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹š²=ŠÐˇŠÐðˇ³˝ š²I=Šš˝ ½š=?ÔĆ ¦ýгž=ğ ²=
pЕкЙЙел~оЙк=łÐˇ =½žÞ=ËĆ¹Ðˇ=̦ şÞž?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ TOK
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=½−¼=ı¹ş Þ− ¼=„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ž³ž²
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?ÓˇÐ₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝³šÐ²?= →=
?pЕкЙЙел~оЙкл?=
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½−=₣¹şÞ− =šÞš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž²=ýš=ŠĆ− =Ğ ž¾˝ˇ =
₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×−Ðć Þ½ˇ²=½ − =×Ýžð½¹−Ýşł Ð−K
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=½−¼=ı¹ş Þ− ¼=‚Ðˇð− ׸²
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?ÓˇÐ₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝³šÐ²?= →=
?pЕкЙЙел~оЙкл?=
NK
̹˝ ³½š=½ž=₣¹−ÞÐð¸=ך¹˝−Š− =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½š=ˇ×ş=?³š=NR=Ýš×K?=
?³š=S=ć ¹š²?K
→
=?„Þš¹ł KLfl ךޚ¹ł K?
→
=?ı¹ş Þ− ²=„Þš¹ł− ×K?
→
=?ı¹ş Þ− ²=‚Ðˇð− ׸²?
‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž TR
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=½−¼=◊₣− ¼=pмккзмеЗ
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?ÓˇÐ₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šР²?=→=
?pмккзмеЗ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
Ó¹− š×ÐÝšłý˚Þš²=Ô¼¦ý˝³šÐ²
Í×− ¹š˝ =Þˇ=ł ˝ ÞšÐ=š×ˇÞˇ¾− ¹˙=ş Ýğ Þ=½ğ Þ=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šğ Þ=łÐˇ =½ˇ=
?ÓˇÐ₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²?K
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?ÓˇÐ₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=
?Ô¼¦ýK=ğ ²=Ó¹− š×K?
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =½ž²=³¼³ð𼏲=³ˇ ²K
‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=⁄Ýž²=½ž²=ÍÞ¸ýž²
Í×− ¹š˝ =Þˇ=ł ˝ ÞšÐ=š×ˇÞˇ¾− ¹˙ =½ğ Þ=𾎠¹ý−łć Þ=g~î~∑ =×− ¼=
¼×˙¹₣− ¼Þ=³½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=½ž²=³¼³ð𼏲K
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?ÓˇÐ₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=
?‚Ðˇł ¹K=½ž²=ÍÞ¸ýž²?
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =½ž²=³¼³ð𼏲=³ˇ ²K
ÓÝž¹−¾−¹˝ˇ=g~î~∑
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?ÓˇÐ₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚²?= →=?ÓÝž¹− ¾K=
g~î~∑?
Ó¹−Ł˙ ÝÝ− Þ½ˇ Ð=− Ð=×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½Ð²=˙ ŠšÐš²=₣¹¸³ž²=
½− ¼=g~î~∑ K
qs=C=sáÇÉç
fl Þˇ ס ¹ˇ łğł¸=fl¹₣ š ˝ğÞ=sáÇÉç=`äáé
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?qs=C=sáÇÉç?=→=?Úˇ =sбЗЙзл=э− ¼?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÍÞ¸ýž=Ò¼³ð𼏲?=¸=?Ë˙ ¹½ˇ =Í Þ¸ýž²?K
=Ej=NJNJPF
=Ej=NJOF
=Ej=NJOJQF
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇð şĞ š½š=×¹−³ğ ¹ÐÞ˙ =½žÞ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸I=×Ð˚ ³½š= K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =³½ˇýˇ ½¸³š½š=šÞ½šÝć ²=½žÞ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇ łğł ¸I=×Ð˚ ³½š=
xÓ˝³ğ zK
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
Í× −¹š ˝ ½š=Þ ˇ =šÝ ˚ł₣ š½š=½žÞ= flÞ ˇ × ˇ ¹ ˇ łğł ¸=sáÇÉç=
₣¹ž³Ðý −× −ÐćÞ½ ˇ²=½ ˇ=× ˇ¹ ˇð ˙½ ğ=×ݸ𽹠ˇW
aLb
W=fl ¼þ˙ ÞšÐ=¸=ýšÐć ÞšÐ=½žÞ=˚ Þ½ˇ ³žK
b
=E×Ð˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− FW=Ò˝ł ˇ ³žK
d
W=Íš½˙Ł ˇ ³ž=³½− =š×ş ýšÞ−=ˇ ¹₣š˝−K
c
W=„×г½¹˚ ¾šÐ=³½žÞ=ˇ¹₣ ¸=½− ¼=½¹˚₣− Þ½− ²=ˇ¹₣š˝− ¼K
d
=E×Ð˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− FW=·¹¸ł− ¹ž=×¹−ć ¦ž³žK
c
=E×Ð˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− FW=„×г½¹− ¾¸K
flÞ ˇŽ¸½ž³ž=šÞş ²=fl¹₣ š˝−¼=·Ð ˇ= flÞ ˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?qs=C=sáÇÉç?=→=?Úˇ =sбЗЙзл=э− ¼?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÍÞ¸ýž=Ò¼³ð𼏲?=¸=?Ë˙ ¹½ˇ=ÍÞ¸ýž²?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?⁄ݡ =½ˇ =sáÇÉç?=¸=½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸²=×−¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?flÞˇŽ¸½ž³ž?K
QK
„г˙ł š½š=½ˇ =׹㽎=ł ¹˙ýýˇ½ˇ =½− ¼=½˝ ½Ý−¼K
Ú ˇ= ˇ× − ½šÝ ˚³ý ˇ½ ˇ=½ž²= ˇÞ ˇŽ¸½ž³ž²=šý¾ ˇÞ ˝ Ž− Þ½ ˇ Ð=ýš=
ˇÝ¾ ˇŁž½Ðð¸=³šÐ¹ ˙=ð ˇÐ=½ −= ˇ¹₣ š ˝−=× −¼=³¼ý× ˝×½šÐ=ý ˇ¹ð ˙¹š½ ˇÐK
TS ‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў³ž
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=fl¹₣ š˝− ¼=³½ž=È˝ ³½ˇ=flÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł ¸³š½š=ý˝ˇ =Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸²=
ðˇ ½ˇ₣ğ ¹ć Þ½ˇ ²=³D=ˇ ¼½¸=½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ=×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš ˝½šK
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?qs=C=sáÇÉç?=→=?Úˇ =sбЗЙзл=э− ¼?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÍÞ¸ýž=Ò¼³ð𼏲?=¸=?Ë˙ ¹½ˇ =ÍÞ¸ýž²?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?⁄ݡ =½ˇ =sáÇÉç?=¸=½ž=Ý˝³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸²=×−¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
PK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½−=ˇ¹₣ š˝−=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹− ³¦˚ ³š½š=³½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=
ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇ łğł¸²K
QK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ³¦K=È˝ ³½K=flÞˇ ×?K
„ý¾ˇÞ˝Ž− Þ½ˇ Ð=− Ð=Ý˝ ³½š²=ˇÞˇ ס ¹ˇłğł ¸²K=·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=
³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½ž=ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=Ý˝ ³½ˇ ²=ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇłğł ¸²=Šš˝ ½š=
?Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=ý˝ˇ ²=Î˚ˇ ²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=flÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸²?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =¾˙ ðšÝ− =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Ú− =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− =×− ¼=˚₣ š½š=ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹šÐ=³½− =Ł ¸ýˇ =P=ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆ 𽎠ÐK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇł¹ ˙Ğ š½š=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ=ˇ×ş =½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸²I=
ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− =ðˇ Ð=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKzK=Ò½ž=³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇ I=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł ¹K=ˇ×ş =È˝ ³½ˇ ?K
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=ý˝ˇ ²=Î˚ˇ ²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=flÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸²
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?qs=C=sáÇÉç?=→=?Úˇ =sбЗЙзл=э− ¼?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÍÞ¸ýž=Ò¼³ð𼏲?=¸=?Ë˙ ¹½ˇ =ÍÞ¸ýž²?K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ³¦K=Î˚ˇ ²=È˝³½K?K
PK
„г˙ł š½š=½−=şÞ−ýˇ =×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½š=łÐˇ =½ ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=
ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇ łğł¸²K
QK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇł¹ ˙Ğ š½š=½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ ¹ˇłğł ¸²I=ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½ž=
Ý˝ ³½ˇ =ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇłğł¸²=ðˇÐ=×Ð˚³½š=x„×ÐÝKzK=Ò½ž=³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇ=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł¹ˇ ¾¸=È˝ ³½ˇ ²?K
„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ=šÞş ²=fl¹₣ š˝−¼=sáÇÉç=`äáé
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?qs=C=sáÇÉç?=→=?Úˇ =sбЗЙзл=э− ¼?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÍÞ¸ýž=Ò¼³ 𚼸²?=¸=?Ë˙ ¹½ˇ =ÍÞ¸ýž²?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?⁄ݡ =½ˇ =sáÇÉç?=¸=½ž=Ý˝³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸²=×−¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =š×šþš¹łˇ³½š˝ ½šK
QK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
?ËşĞ Ðý− ?W= „×ÐÝ˚ł šÐ=½žÞ=ך¹Ð−₣¸=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=
?Û׺ ½Ð½Ý− ²?W= ‚žýÐ− ¼¹łš˝ =˚ Þˇ Þ=¼×ş ½Ð½Ý−=łÐˇ =Þˇ =×¹− ³½š¦š˝=
ˇ ×− ð şĞ š½šK
³½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −K
‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž TT
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=ý˝ˇ =ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇłğł¸²=łÐˇ =
?Í−½˝ Ł−=fl Þˇ ס ¹K?I=?Ùğ ½Ð³ýş ²?=ðˇ Ð=?Í˚ł š¦− ²=̦ş Þž²?=ş½ˇ Þ=
ˇ Þˇ ס ¹˙ łš½š= ˇ ¹₣ š ˝ˇ =обЗЙз=ЕдбйK
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?qs=C=sáÇÉç?=→=?Úˇ =sбЗЙзл=э− ¼?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÍÞ¸ýž=Ò¼³ð𼏲?=¸=?Ë˙ ¹½ˇ =Í Þ¸ýž²?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?⁄ݡ =½ˇ =sáÇÉç?=¸=½ž=Ý˝³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸²=×− ¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −=łÐˇ =½−=−×−˝ −=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ=×¹−³ˇ ¹ýş ³š½š=
½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ˇ Þˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸²K
QK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=ˇ×ş =?Í− ½˝Ł−=fl Þˇ ס¹K?I=?Ùğ½Ð³ýş ²?=¸=?Í˚łš¦− ²=
̦ş Þž²?K
SK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=ˇ×ş =½ˇ =šþ¸²W
≥
?Í−½˝ Ł−=fl Þˇ ס ¹K?
?ˡÞ− ÞÐðş ?W flÞˇ×ˇ¹˙ł−Þ½ ˇ Ð=şÝˇ =½ˇ =ˇ ¹₣š ˝ˇ =šÞş ²=
?„סÞ˙ ÝžĞ ž?W= Ò¼Þš₣˝ ŽšÐ=½žÞ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸=³½−=
?„סÞ˙ ÝžĞ ž=⁄Ýğ Þ?W flÞˇ×ˇ¹˙ ł− Þ½ˇ Ð=şÝˇ =½ˇ =ˇ ¹₣š˝ˇ =šÞş²=
?Ú¼₣ˇ˝ − ?W flÞˇ×ˇ¹˙ł−Þ½ ˇ Ð=½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ =šÞş ²=
≥
?Ùğ ½Ð³ýş ²?
?Ó˙ Þ½ˇ=ˇÞ− Ðð½ş ²?W= Íš=¾ğ ½Ð³ýş ²=ðˇ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ=
š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− ¼=¾ˇð˚Ý− ¼=ý˝ˇ =¾−¹˙ =ðˇ Ð=
³½ž=³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇ =ž=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇ łğł ¸=
³½ˇýˇ½˙K
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š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸?K
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?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?qs=C=sáÇÉç?=→=?píêÉ~ãáåÖ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ښݚ¼ ½ˇ˝ˇ =Ô− ¸=‚šŠ− ýK?I=?„г˙łš½š=roi?I=
?flł ˇ מý˚ Þ− ?I=?fl ¹₣š˝ −=Ó¹ş³Łˇ ³ž²?=¸==?Í˚ł š¦− ²=̦şÞž²?K
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ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇ łğł¸K
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„ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ=ðˇ½ˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸²=½ğ Þ=
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ˇ ¹₣ š ˝ −=ý×− ¹š ˝ ½š=Þˇ =þšðÐÞ¸³š½š=½ž=¹− ¸K
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl¹₣ Ððş =Í˚ł š¦− ²?I=
?Íšł˚ ¦¼Þ³ž?=¸=?Óݸ¹ž²=−¦ş Þž?K
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Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½š=ˇ ¼½˚ ²=½Ð²=ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹸³šÐ²=ý˚³ğ =
¼×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ Þ=¸=ˇ³Ć ¹ýˇ ½ž²=½š₣Þ−Ý−ł˝ˇ ²=
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?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Âýš¹−ÝşłÐ−?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=žý˚¹ˇ=³½žÞ=−×−˝ˇ=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹− ³¦˚ ³š½š=˚Þˇ=
³¼ýŁ˙ ÞK
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ³¦K=ˡ½ˇ₣ć¹K?K
PK
„г˙ł š½š=½− =¦˚ýˇK
QK
„г˙ł š½š=½žÞ=½−×− ¦š³˝ˇ K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ ½žł− ¹˝ˇ=× − ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
SK
„г˙ł š½š=½žÞ=žýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ =˚ Þˇ ¹þž²=ðˇ ÐI=ðˇ ½ş ×ÐÞI=šÐ³˙ł š½š=
½žÞ=㹎 =˚ Þˇ ¹þž²K
TK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇK
„˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?¿ÝÝš²?I=šÐ³˙ł š½š=½žÞ=㹎 =ðˇ Ð=½žÞ=
žýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½šK
UK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=㹎 =¼×šÞ¦Ć ýгž²K
„˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?¿ÝÝš²?I=šÐ³˙ł š½š=½žÞ=㹎 =ðˇ Ð=½žÞ=
žýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ =¼×šÞ¦Ć ýгž²=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½šK
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ˇðş ýžI=¦ ˇ=šý¾ˇÞг½š˝=ž=−¦ ş Þž=šÐ³ˇłğł ¸²=žýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ²=ðˇÐ=
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Â=¼×šÞ¦Ć ýгž=ŠšÞ=šÞš¹ł− ×− К˝ ½ˇ Ð=ş ½ˇ Þ=ž=?·šÞÐð¸=˚ Þ½ˇ ³ž=
¾ğ Þ¸²?=E³šÝK VPF=¹¼¦ýг½š˝ =³š=?ÒÐğ מݺ ?K
fl Ýݡ ł¸=ÚĆ ×−¼=◊₣− ¼=„Њ− ×− и³šğ Þ=¸=½− ¼=sáÇÉç
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=Î˚ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž²I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÛךަĆýгž?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½K=ÚşÞ−¼LsáÇÉç?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ K=ÚşÞ−¼?=ðˇÐ=ýš½˙=?Ó¹ −¹¼¦ýгýK=◊₣−Ð?=¸=
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QK
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?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž=šÞş ²=◊₣− ¼=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝ Ў VQK
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flÝÝ ˇł¸=‚Ð ˙¹ðšÐ ˇ²=◊₣− ¼=„Њ −×− и³šğ Þ=¸=sáÇÉç
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž =Î ˚ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž²I=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=?Û×šÞ¦Ć ýгž?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=₣¹− ÞÐð¸=ך¹˝−Š−K
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×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½š=ýš=ŠĆ− =Ğ ž¾˝ˇ =₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− ÐćÞ½ˇ²=½ −=
×Ýžð½¹−ÝşłÐ−K
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NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž =Î ˚ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž²I=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=?„ס Þ˙ ÝžĞ ž?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=š×ˇÞ˙ ÝžĞ ž²=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½šK
„гˇłğł ¸=Óš¹Ðł¹ˇ¾¸²
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž =Î ˚ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž²I=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=?Óš¹Ðł ¹ˇ ¾¸?K
OK
„г˙ł š½š=ý˝ˇ =³žýš˝ğ ³ž=łÐˇ =½žÞ=ðˇ ½ˇ ₣ć ¹ž³ž=
₣ ¹− Þ− ŠÐˇł¹˙ ýý ˇ ½ − ²K
Íš½ˇ ½¹− ׸=ˡ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž²=³š=fl׺ ¹¹ž½ž
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž =Î ˚ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž²I=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=?ͼ³½Ððş ?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ý𽎽¹˚Ğ š½š=½ˇ =ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þˇ=³š=
ˇ ׺ ¹¹ž½ ˇ =¸=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Íž=šÞš¹ łş ?= łÐˇ =Þ ˇ =ýžÞ=½ ˇ=ˇ ÝÝ ˙ þš½šK
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?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Âýš¹−ÝşłÐ−?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=žý˚¹ˇ =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=×¹−Ł˙ Ýš½šK
fl Þˇ ޏ½ž³ž=ˡ ½˙ =Âýš¹−ýžÞ ˝ˇ
NK
Òš=−×−Ðˇ Џ×− ½š=×¹ −Ł−ݸI=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ ˚þ½š=
?Íš½˙Ł ˇ ³ž ?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ò¸ý𹎠?=łÐˇ =Þˇ=šý¾ˇÞ˝ ³š½š=½ž=³žýš¹ÐÞ¸=žý˚¹ˇ =¸=
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š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
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W„ ý ¾ˇÞ˝ŽšÐ=½−Þ=×¹−žł−ĆýšÞ−=ý¸ÞˇK
R
W„ ý ¾ˇÞ˝ŽšÐ=½−Þ=š×şýšÞ− =ý¸ÞˇK
Q
W„ ý ¾ˇÞ˝ŽšÐ=½žÞ=šŁŠ−ýˇ ŠÐˇ˝ˇ =×¹−Ł− ݸK
K
WÍ š ½ˇðÐÞš˝=½−=й−ý ˚ˇ=³½ž=³žýš¹ÐÞ¸=žý˚¹ˇK
cLd
WÍ š ½ˇðÐÞš˝=½−=й−ý ˚ˇ=×¹−²=½ ˇ=ˇ¹Ð³½š¹˙=
E×¹−žł−ĆýšÞž=žý˚¹ˇ F=¸=×¹− ²=½ˇ =ŠšþÐ˙ =Eš×ş ýšÞž=
aLb
„Ł Š− ýˇ ŠÐˇ˝ˇ =×¹−Ł− ݸ
P
R
Q
K
cLd
aLb
žý˚¹ˇ FK
WÍ š ½ˇðÐÞš˝=½−=й−ý ˚ˇ=×¹−²=½ ˇ=š×˙Þğ =E½šÝ𼽎˝ˇ =
šŁ Š− ý˙ Ў F=¸=×¹− ²=½ˇ =ð˙ ½ğ=Eš×ş ýšÞž=šŁŠ−ý˙ Ў FK
W„ ý ¾ˇÞ˝ŽšÐ=½žÞ=×¹−žł−ĆýšÞž=šŁŠ−ý˙ Ў K
W„ ý ¾ˇÞ˝ŽšÐ=½žÞ=š×şýšÞž=šŁŠ−ý˙ Ў K
W„ ý ¾ˇÞ˝ŽšÐ=½ž=ýžÞÐˇ˝ˇ =×¹−Ł− ݸK
WÍ š ½ˇðÐÞš˝=½−=й−ý ˚ˇ=³½ž=³žýš¹ÐÞ¸=žý˚¹ˇK
WÍ š ½ˇðÐÞš˝=½−=й−ý ˚ˇ=×¹−²=½ ˇ=ˇ¹Ð³½š¹˙=
E×¹−žł−ĆýšÞž=žý˚¹ˇ F=¸=×¹− ²=½ˇ =ŠšþÐ˙ =Eš×ş ýšÞž=
žý˚¹ˇ FK
WÍ š ½ˇðÐÞš˝=½žÞ=šŁŠ−ý ˇŠÐˇ˝ˇ=×¹−Ł− ݸ=×¹−²=½ ˇ=
š×˙Þğ =¸=×¹− ²=½ˇ =ð˙½ğ =E×¹− žł−ĆýšÞž=¸=š×ş ýšÞž=
ć ¹ˇ FK
fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹ł ˇ Ýš˝ˇ UN
„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ=ý˝ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²=ı¹− Þ− ŠÐˇł¹˙ ýýˇ ½−²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Âýš¹−ÝşłÐ−?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½žÞ=žý˚¹ˇ =ðˇÐ=½žÞ=š×Ц¼ýž½¸=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž=×−¼=
¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =š×šþš¹łˇ ³½š˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =³½−Ð₣š˝ −=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=ðˇ Ð=½¹−×−×−и³½š=½žÞ=
ðˇ ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³žK
QK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xfl×− ¦¸ðKzK
‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=ˡ½ˇ₣𹸳šğÞ=ı¹− Þ−ŠÐˇł¹ ˙ ýýˇ½− ²
NK
Òš=−×−Ðˇ Џ×− ½š=×¹−Ł−ݸI=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ¾¸?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
?fl ¼½ş =½− =ı ¹− Þ− ŠK?=E×¹−Ł−ݸ=žý˚¹ˇ ²FW
?lÝş ðÝK=Âý˚¹ˇ ²?W ‚Ðˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ=ş Ýš²=½Ð²=ðˇ½ˇ ₣𠹸³šÐ²=½ž²=
?⁄ ݡ =½ž²=šŁ Š− ý˙ Ў ²?=EšŁ Š− ýˇ ŠÐˇ˝ˇ =×¹−Ł−ݸFW
?÷ğ ²=½šÝš¼½K=šŁŠ−ý˙ Ў ?=EšŁŠ−ýˇ ŠÐˇ˝ˇ=×¹ −Ł− ݸFW
?⁄ ݡ =½− ¼=Í¸Þˇ ?=EýžÞÐˇ˝ˇ =×¹−Ł− ݸFW
?÷ğ ²=ښݚ¼½=Í¸Þˇ ?=EýžÞÐˇ˝ˇ =×¹−Ł− ݸFW
?⁄ Ýš²=− Ð=Ò¼Þˇ Þ½K?=EšŁŠ−ýˇ ŠÐˇ˝ˇ =ðˇ Ð=ýžÞÐˇ˝ˇ =×¹−Ł− ݸFW
‚Ðˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ=½žÞ=š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž=ðˇ ½ˇ ₣ć ¹ž³žK
š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž²=žý˚¹ˇ ²K
‚Ðˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ=ş Ýš²=½Ð²=ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹸³šÐ²=½ž²=
š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž²=šŁŠ−ý˙ Ў ²K
‚Ðˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ=ş Ýš²=½Ð²=ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹸³šÐ²=×¹ÐÞ=
ˇ ׺ = ˇ ¼½¸=½žÞ=šŁŠ− ý ˙ Ў K
‚Ðˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ=ş Ýš²=½Ð²=ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹸³šÐ²=½− ¼=
š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− ¼=ý¸ÞˇK
‚Ðˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ=ş Ýš²=½Ð²=ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹸³šÐ²=×¹ÐÞ=
ˇ ׺ = ˇ ¼½şÞ=½− =ý¸Þ ˇ K
‚Ðˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ=ş Ýš²=½Ð²=ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹸³šÐ²=
ˇ ¼½¸²=½ž²=𾎠¹ý−ł¸²K
fl×− ³½− ݸ=ý˝ˇ²=Ë ˇ½ ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž²= ı¹− Þ− ŠÐ ˇł¹ ˙ýý ˇ½− ²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Âýš¹−ÝşłÐ−?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=žý˚¹ˇ =ðˇÐ=½žÞ=š×Ц¼ýž½¸=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=
³¼ýך¹ÐݡýŁˇÞ −ý˚ ÞğÞ=ðˇÐ=½ ğÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹸³šğ Þ=
₣ ¹− Þ− ŠÐˇł¹˙ ýý ˇ ½ − ²=×− ¼=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ =ˇ × − ³½š˝Ýš½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×−³½−ݸ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?˜²=͸޼ýˇ ?I=?Нš=_дмЙнззнЬ?=¸=?Нš=ЫЧ˚ ¹¼¦¹š²?K
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½ž=ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=šÞ ş²=
ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=Šš˝ ½š=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚ − ¼=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ RMK
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=ˇ³Ć ¹ýˇ½− ¼=
_дмЙнззнЬ
=Šš˝ ½š=?_дмЙнззнЬ?=³½ž=³šЭ˝Šˇ NNNK=
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=Ûך¹Ć ¦¹ğ Þ=
Šš˝ ½š=?Û×˚ ¹¼¦¹š²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ NNPK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=³Ć Žš¼þž=¦ˇ =₣ ¹šÐˇ ³½š˝ =Þˇ =šÐ³˙ł š½š=˚Þˇ Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş=ş½ˇ Þ=
³¼ÞŠ˚ š³½š=łÐˇ =׹㠽ž=¾−¹˙ =ýš=ý ˝ˇ =³¼³ðš¼¸=×− ¼=ŠÐˇ¦˚ ½šÐ=
ˇ ³Ć ¹ý ˇ ½ž=½š₣Þ− Ý−ł ˝ˇ =_дмЙнззнЬK
ȸРž=ý˝ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²=ı¹− Þ− ŠÐˇł ¹˙ýýˇ½− ²
⁄ ½ ˇ Þ=½ −=½žÝ ˚ ¾ğÞ −=Ý ˇ ýŁ ˙ ÞšÐ=ý ˝ˇ =ð ˇ ½ ˇ ₣ć¹ž³ž=
₣¹ −Þ −ŠÐ ˇ ł¹˙ ýýˇ ½ −²I=šý¾ ˇÞ ˝Žš½ ˇÐ= ˚Þ ˇ=ý¸Þ¼ýˇ=š×Ð Łš َ˝ğ³ž²=
³½žÞ=ð ˇ½ ˙ ³½ ˇ ³ž= ˇÞ ˇ ý−Þ¸²K
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xΡ ÐzK
Â=Ýž¾¦š˝³ˇ =ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ 𽎠Ð=³½− =Âýš¹−ÝşłÐ−K
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x⁄₣ Ðz=łÐˇ =ˇ ׺ ¹¹ÐĞ žK
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
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·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=šÐ³ˇ łğł ¸=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šğ Þ=
¼×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ Þ=¸=ˇ³Ć ¹ýˇ ½ž²=³Ć ЮŠš³ž²=_дмЙнззнЬI=Šš˝ ½š=
?Ò¼ÞŠš³Ðýş ½ž½ˇ ?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ =NNNK
UO fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C= „ ¹łˇÝš˝ˇ
Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=½ž²=ˡ½˙³½ˇ ³ž²=ÍÞ¸ýž²
NK
Òš=−×−Ðˇ Џ×− ½š=×¹ −Ł−ݸI=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ ˚þ½š=
?ˡ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ÍÞ¸ýž²?K
ϼ×Þž½¸¹Ðˇ
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=½ğÞ=ϼ×Þž½ž¹ÐćÞ
Ú −=þ¼×Þž½¸¹Ð=³ ˇ²=šÐŠ−× − К ˝ =ý ˝ˇ =³¼ łðšð¹Ðý ˚ Þž= 㹎 =× − ¼= ˚ ₣ š½š=
−¹˝ ³šÐK
ÒžýšÐć ³½š=ş ½Ð=×¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½š=½žÞ=½¹˚₣− ¼³ˇ =žýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ =
ðˇ Ð=ć ¹ˇ =Jš¾ş ³− Þ=ŠšÞ=½− =˚₣ š½š=ð˙ ÞšÐ=¸ŠžJ=×¹ÐÞ=¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½š=½−=
þ¼×Þž½¸¹ÐK
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?ϼ×Þž½¸¹Ðˇ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðšÞ¸=¹Ć ¦ýгžK
OK
„г˙ł š½š=½žÞ=㹎 =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xfl×−¦¸ðKzK
fl Ýݡ ł¸=½− ¼=ÚĆ ×−¼=½ž²=„×ÐÝ−ł ¸²=„סÞ˙ Ýž Ğ ž²
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž =Ô Ć¦ýгž=ϼ×Þ ž½ž¹Ð−Ć I=š×ÐÝ˚þ½š=?„סÞ˙ ÝžĞ ž?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=ˇ×ş =?Í˝ˇ=Ù−¹˙ =Íş Þ−?I=?Ë˙ ¦š=Í˚¹ˇ ?=¸=?„×ÐÝšł ýK=
Í˚ ¹š²?K
?Í˝ˇ=Ù−¹˙ =ÍşÞ− ?W Ú− =þ¼×Þž½¸¹Ð=₣ ½¼×˙ =ý˝ˇ=¾−¹˙ K
?Ë˙ ¦š=Í˚¹ˇ ?W Ú− =þ¼×Þž½¸¹Ð=₣ ½¼×˙ =ð˙ ¦š=ý˚¹ˇ =³½žÞ=
?„×ÐÝšł ýK=Í˚ ¹š²?W Ú− =þ¼×Þž½¸¹Ð=₣ ½¼×˙ =½žÞ=š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž=
=Ej=TJOF
×¹−ðˇ ¦− ¹Ð³ý˚ Þž=㹎 K=
žý˚¹ˇ =½ž²=šŁŠ−ý˙ Ў ²=½ž=³¼ł ðšð¹Ðý˚ Þž=
ć ¹ˇ K
fl Ýݡ ł¸=½− ¼=Ú Ć×− ¼=½ − ¼= ◊₣− ¼=ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð −Ć =¸=½ − ¼= ˇ¹₣ š ˝− ¼=sáÇÉç=
`äáé
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=Ô Ć¦ýгž=ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð−Ć I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½K=ÚşÞ− ¼L
sáÇÉç?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½K=ÚşÞ− ¼= ϼ×ÞK?=ðˇ Ð=ýš½˙ =?Ó¹− ¹¼¦ýгýK=◊₣−Ð?=
¸=?ÌÐ=◊₣− Ð=j− ¼?=¸=š×ÐÝ˚þš½š=?fl ޽г½K=sáÇÉç=ϼ×ÞK?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=¸₣− =¸=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =обЗЙз=Едбй=Ч−¼=¦˚ Ýš½šK
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=šÞş ²=¸₣− ¼I=Šš˝ ½š=
?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž=šÞş ²=◊₣− ¼=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝ Ў VQK
fl Ýݡ ł¸=½ž²=„× ˇ Þ˙ÝžĞž²=½− ¼=◊₣− ¼=ϼ×Þž½ž¹ Ð−Ć
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=ÔĆ ¦ýгž=ϼ ×Þž½ž¹Ð−Ć I=š×ÐÝ˚þ½š=?flÞˇŁ− ݸ?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=š×ˇÞ˙ ÝžĞ ž²=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
fl Ýݡ ł¸=÷Þ½ ˇ ³ž²=½−¼=ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð−Ć
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=ÔĆ ¦ýгž=ϼ ×Þž½ž¹Ð−Ć I=š×ÐÝ˚þ½š=?÷Þ½ˇ³ž=
ϼ×Þž½ž¹K?K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=a=E¸=dF=łÐˇ=Þˇ=ˇ ¼þ¸³š½š=½žÞ=˚ Þ½ˇ ³ž=¸=×Ð˚ ³½š= b=E¸=
c
F=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ýšÐć³š½š=½žÞ=˚ Þ½ˇ ³žK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
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Ú − =þ¼×Þž½¸¹Ð=ŠšÞ=¦ ˇ=ð½¼×¸³šÐ= ş½ˇÞ=ž=?÷Þ½ ˇ ³ž=ϼ×Þž½¸¹K?=
˚₣šÐ=¹¼¦ýг½š˝=³½ −=? Ò Ð ğ×žÝ ş?K= ⁄½ˇÞ=½− =×¹ −¾˝ Ý=˚₣ šÐ=¹¼¦ýг½š˝=
³½ − =?ÒÐ ğ ×žÝ ş?I=ž=¹Ć ¦ýгž=?·šÞÐð¸= ˚Þ½ ˇ³ž=¾ ğ Þ¸²?=E³šÝK VPF=
˚₣šÐ=×¹ −½š¹ ˇÐş½ž½ ˇK
fl½Ž ˚Þ½ ˇ=C=„¹ ł ˇÝš ˝ˇ UP
flÝÝ ˇł¸=½ž²=‚ şÞž³ž²=łÐˇ=½ −Þ=◊₣− =ϼ×Þž½ ž¹Ð−Ć
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=ÔĆ ¦ýгž=ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð−Ć I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚ş Þž³ž?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?I=?Ò¼ÞŠšŠK=ýš=◊₣− ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=Šş Þž³ž²I=Šš˝ ½š=
?‚ş Þž³ž?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ VSK
fl Ýݡ ł¸=½ž²=‚Ð ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ²=½ − ¼= ◊₣− ¼=ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð −Ć
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=ÔĆ ¦ýгž=ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð−Ć I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×Ц¼ýž½¸=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇK
„×ˇÞˇ¾−¹˙ =ýÐˇ ²=ÔĆ ¦ýгž²=ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð−Ć
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?ϼ×Þž½¸¹Ðˇ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =þ¼×Þž½¸¹Ð=×−¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =š×ˇÞˇ¾˚ ¹š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„×ˇÞˇ ¾K=ϼ×Þž½K?K
„×ˇÞˇ¾−¹˙ =½ğ Þ=Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šğ Þ=⁄Ýğ Þ=½ğ Þ=ϼ ×Þž½ž¹ÐćÞ
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?ϼ×Þž½¸¹Ðˇ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=⁄Ýğ Þ?K
fl ¹Ð¦ý−ýž₣ ˇ Þ¸
Íš=½žÞ= ˇ¹Ð¦ý − ýž ₣ˇ Þ¸I=ý× − ¹š ˝½š=Þ ˇ=×¹ ˇłý ˇ ½− × − и³š½š=½Ð²=Q=
ˇ¹Ð¦ýž½Ðð ˚²=×¹ ˙þšÐ²= ₣¹ž³Ðý −× −Ð ćÞ½ ˇ²= ˚ğ²=ð ˇÐ=NO=Ğ ž¾˝ˇK
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?fl ¹Ð¦ý− ýž₣ˇ Þ¸?
ÌÐ=ݚн −¼¹ ł˝ š²=½ ğÞ=×ݸ𽹠ğÞ= łÐˇ =½Ð² = ˇ ¹Ð¦ýž½Ðð ˚ ²=×¹ ˙ þšÐ²= ˚₣−¼Þ=
ğ²=šþ¸²W
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =šÐ³˙ł š½š=ý˝ˇ =¼×− ŠÐˇ ³½− ݸ=×Ð˚ ³½š=
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇł¹ ˙Ğ š½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =¸=½žÞ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýž½Ðð¸=×¹˙ þž=×− ¼=
˚ ₣š½š=šÐ³ ˙ łšÐ=×Ð ˚ ³½š=
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =×¹ˇłý ˇ½− ×− и³š½š=½−¼²=¼×−Ý−ł гý−Ć ²=×Ð˚ ³½š= K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =þšðÐÞ¸³š½š=˚Þˇ Þ=Þ˚− =¼×−Ý−ł гýş =×Ð˚ ³½š=
Íš½ˇ ½¹− ׸=k− ýгý˙½ğ Þ
Í×− ¹š˝ ½šI=š×˝ ³ž²I=Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×− и³š½š=½žÞ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ý− ýž₣ˇ Þ¸=ğ ²=
ý𽎠½¹−×˚ˇ =Þ− ýгý˙½ğ Þ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×−ÐćÞ½ˇ²=ý˝ˇ=г −½Ðý˝ˇ =×−¼=
šÐ³˙ł š½šK
=Ej=TJPF
U
P
K
K
U
K
UQ fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C= „ ¹łˇÝš˝ˇ
̹гýş ²=ýÐˇ ²=Á³− ½Ðý˝ˇ ²=Î−ý˝ ³ýˇ ½−²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?fl ¹Ð¦ý− ýž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→=
?Íš½ˇ ½¹K=Î−ý˝ ³ýˇ ½K?=
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ú− ×Ððş ?=¸=?Ï˚Þ− ?K
OK
„г˙ł š½š=½žÞ=г− ½Ðý˝ˇ=Þ−ý˝ ³ýˇ½− ²K
Íš½ˇ ½¹− ׸=ý˝ˇ ²=ÚÐý¸²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?fl ¹Ð¦ý− ýž₣ˇ Þ¸?
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½žÞ=½Ðý¸=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =ý𽎠½¹˚Ğ š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Íš½ˇ ½¹K=Î−ý˝ ³ýˇ ½K?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Íš½ˇ½¹K=³š=½− ×Ððş?=¸=?Íš½ˇ½¹K=³š=þ˚Þ− ?K
Â₣−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³ž=Ùğ Þ¸²
fl ¼½¸=ž=ݚн−¼¹ł ˝ˇ =³˙ ²=š×н¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =ž₣−ł ¹ ˇ ¾¸³š½š=˚Þˇ =
¾ğ Þž½Ððş =ˇ ׺ ³×ˇ ³ýˇ I=½− =− ×−˝ − =ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½š=
ğ ²=¼×šÞ¦Ć ýгž= łÐˇ =ð ˇ ½ ˇ ₣𠹸³šÐ²=½ − ¼= ₣¹− Þ− ŠÐˇ ł ¹˙ ýý ˇ ½ − ²=¸=Þˇ=
³½š˝ Ýš½š=ýš=˚Þˇ =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =×− ݼý˚³ğ Þ=EjjpFK=Ú− =ž₣−ł ¹ˇ ¾žý˚ Þ− =
¾ğ Þž½Ððş =ˇ ׺ ³×ˇ ³ýˇ =ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆ 𽎠Ð=³½− ¼²=fl ×− ¦žðš¼ý˚ Þ− ¼²=
◊₣− ¼²K=Úˇ =¾ ğ Þž½Ðð˙=ˇ × − ³×˙³ýˇ ½ˇ =ˇ × − ¦žðšĆ− Þ½ˇÐ=ýš=ý − ¹¾¸=
^joK
„łł ¹ˇ ¾¸=šÞş ²=Ùğ Þž½Ðð−Ć =fl ×− ³×˙ ³ýˇ ½−²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Â₣−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³ž=Ùğ Þ¸²?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =Þˇ =þšðÐÞ¸³šÐ=ž=ž₣−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³žK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =³½ˇýˇ ½¸³š½š=½žÞ=šłł ¹ˇ ¾¸=×¹ÐÞ=½šÝšÐć ³šÐ=− =₣ ¹ş Þ− ²=
šłł ¹ˇ ¾¸²=×Ð˚ ³½š= K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž?=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ=ˇ×−¦žðšĆ³š½š=½−=¾ğÞž½Ððş=
ˇ ׺ ³× ˇ ³ýˇ K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
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ÓÐ˚ ³½š=a=E¸=VF=¸=b=E¸=WF=łÐˇ =Þˇ =¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½š=½žÞ=˚Þ½ˇ³ž=½−¼=
¸₣−¼=ð ˇ ½˙ =½žÞ=ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇłğł ¸=½− ¼=ž₣−ł ¹ˇ ¾žý˚ Þ− ¼=ˇ ¹₣ š˝− ¼K
→
=?Á³− ½Ðý˝ˇ ?
=Ej=TJQF
fl ×− ³½ − ݸ=Ù ğ Þž½Ðð ć Þ= fl ×−³×ˇ ³ý ˙½ğÞ
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Â₣−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³ž=Ùğ Þ¸²?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =Þˇ =þšðÐÞ¸³šÐ=ž=ž₣−ł¹˙ ¾ž³žK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =Þˇ =³½ˇ ýˇ ½¸³šÐ=ž=ž₣−ł ¹˙¾ž³žK
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×− ¦¸ðK=C=fl×− ³½− ݸ?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?˜²=͸޼ýˇ ?K
·Ðˇ =ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹š²=×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½ž=ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=
šÞş ²=ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²I=Šš˝ ½š=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =Î˚− ¼=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ RMK
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=½− ¼=ı¹ş Þ− ¼=„łł ¹ˇ ¾¸²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Â₣−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³ž=Ùğ Þ¸²?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=
→
=?ı¹ş Þ− ²=„łł ¹ˇ ¾¸²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·Ðˇ=fl×− ³½K=Íž Þ?=¸=?Íšł K=ŠÐ˙¹ðšÐˇ ²?K
⁄½ ˇÞ=š×ÐÝ ˚łš½š=?Íšł K=ŠÐ˙¹ðšÐˇ²?I=½ˇ=¾ğÞž½Ðð ˙=
ˇ×− ³× ˙³ý ˇ½ ˇ= ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ− Þ½ ˇÐ= ˇ¼½ şý ˇ½ ˇ=³½žÞ=ð ˙¹½ ˇ=
ýÞ¸ýž²K
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=Ê˚ ³ž²=fl×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Â₣−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³ž=Ùğ Þ¸²?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=
→
=?fl ×K=Þ˚ğ Þ=¸₣ K=³š?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=¦˚ ³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?„×ÐÝK=×¹− =½ž²= ˇ×− ¦K?I=ý× − ¹š ˝ ½š=Þ ˇ=
š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½ž=¦˚ ³ž=ˇ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž²=šÞş ²=¾ğ Þž½Ðð−Ć =
ˇ ×− ³× ˙ ³ýˇ ½− ²K
fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹ł ˇ Ýš˝ˇ UR
Òˇ ¹ğ ½¸²
Íš=½žÞ=šÞ³ğýˇ ½ğý˚ Þž=Ğ ž¾Ðˇ ð¸=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸I=
ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =³ˇ¹ć ³š½š=ðš˝ ýšÞˇ =ðˇ Ð=ł¹ˇ ýýÐð−Ć ²=ðć ŠÐðš²=³š=
ý− ¹¾¸=g~å=ðˇ Ð=no=ðğ ŠÐð−Ć ²I=ˇ ÝÝ˙ =ðˇ Ð=Þˇ =ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł ¸³š½š=
ðğ ŠÐð−Ć ²=noK=Úˇ =³ˇ ¹ğ ý˚ Þˇ =ŠšŠ− ý˚ Þˇ =ý×− ¹−ĆÞ=Þˇ=
ˇ ×− ¦žðš¼½ −Ć Þ= ğ ²=ð ˇ ½ˇ ₣ć¹ž³ž=³½ž=È ˝ ³½ˇ =„ס ¾ć ÞI= ğ ²=roiI= ğ ²=
ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=bã~áä=ðˇÐ=ğ²=ðš ˝ýšÞ−K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
flÞ ˙łÞ ğ³ž= ł¹ ˇýýÐðć Þ=ðğ ŠÐðć Ю=EД~кЕзЗЙлF
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Òˇ¹ğ ½¸²?= →=?Ò˙¹ğ ³ž=_~кЕзЗЙ?
NK
OK
PK
ı ¹¸³ž=³¼Þš₣ş ýšÞž²=³ ˙ ¹ğ ³ž²
NK
=Ej=TJRF
„˙ Þ=ž=³˙ ¹ğ ³ž=ˇ ×− ½Ć₣ šÐI=˝ ³ğ ²=Þˇ=− ¾š˝ Ýš½ˇ Ð=³½− ¼²=ס¹ˇð˙½ğ =
Ýşł− ¼²W=½Ć ×− ²=¸=ý˚ł š¦− ²=½− ¼=ł¹ˇ ýýÐð−Ć =ðć ŠÐðˇ I=
ł ¹ˇ½³ − ¼ÞÐ ˚²I=³ð ş ÞžI=¾¦−¹˙I=× − Ð ş ½ž½ ˇ=šð½Ć× ğ ³ž²I=
ˇÞ½ ˇÞ ˙ðÝ ˇ³ž=½ −¼=¾ ğ½ ş²=ðÝ×K
Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=½− ¼=ł¹ˇ ýýÐð−Ć =ðć ŠÐðˇ =ýš=½ž=₣ ¹¸³ž=½ž²=
šþ𠽚¹Ðð¸²=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=ýž₣ˇÞ¸²K
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=ð˙Þ½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½šK
ÌÐ=š×ÐÝ−ł˚ ²=ŠÐˇ¾˚¹− ¼Þ=ˇÞ˙Ý−ł ˇ =ýš=½ˇ =ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þˇ =³˙¹ğ ³ž²K
?¿Þ−Ðłýˇ =iáåâ?W Ú− =×¹şł ¹ˇ ýýˇ =ך¹Ð¸ł ž³ž²=ˇÞ− ˝łšÐ=½−=
roiK
?fl Þ½Ðł ¹ˇ ¾¸=roi?W Ú− =roi=ˇ Þ½Ðł ¹˙ ¾š½ˇ ÐK
?fl ×− ³½− ݸ=ͼ޸ýˇ ½K?W
Ú− =ˇ ×− ½˚ Ýš³ýˇ =ˇ ×− ³½˚ ÝÝš½ˇ Ð=ğ ²=
ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =pjp=¸=jjpK
?fl Þ½Ðł ¹ˇ ¾¸?W Ú− =ˇ ×− ½˚ Ýš³ýˇ =ˇ Þ½Ðł ¹˙ ¾š½ˇ ÐK
Ò½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=³˙¹ğ ³ž²I=×Ð˚³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇÐ=š×ÐÝ˚þ½š=
?Ò¼Þš₣ ¸²=Ò˙¹ğ ³ž?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
¿Þ−Ðłýˇ =šÐðşÞˇ ²=ł¹ˇýýÐð−Ć =ðć ŠÐðˇ
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Òˇ¹ğ ½¸²?= →=?¿Þ−Ðłýˇ =_~кЕзЗЙ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ˇ =ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þˇ =šÐðşÞˇ ²=łÐˇ =½−=ł¹ˇ ýýÐðş =ðć ŠÐðˇ =×− ¼=
¦˚ Ýš½šK
Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þğ Þ=³˙¹ğ ³ž²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Òˇ¹ğ ½¸²?= →=?fl×− ½šÝK=Ò˙¹ğ ³ž²?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½ˇ =ŠšŠ− ý˚ Þˇ =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹−Ł ˙ ÝÝš½šI=ýš½˙=
×Ð˚ ³½š= K
‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=ðğ ŠÐðć Þ=no
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Òˇ¹ğ ½¸²?= →=?‚žýK=Ëğ ŠÐð−Ć =no?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
?„гˇł K=ËšÐý˚Þ− ¼?W ‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł ¸³½š=˚Þˇ Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =no=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?W ‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł ¸³½š=˚Þˇ Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =no=
OK
„г˙ł š½š=½− =ðš˝ ýšÞ− =×− ¼=¦˚Ýš½š=¸=š×ÐÝ˚þ½š=½ˇ=ŠšŠ−ý ˚ÞˇI=
³½ž=³¼Þ˚₣šÐˇ =×Ð˚ ³½š= K
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =ˇ ×− ¦¸ðš¼³žK
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
Ì=ðğ ŠÐðş ²=no=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ 𽎠Ð=³š=ˇ¹₣ š˝−=ý−¹¾¸²=mkdK
₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− Ðć Þ½ˇ²=½ − =ðš˝ýšÞ − =×− ¼=
šÐ³˙ł ˇ ½šK
₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− Ðć Þ½ˇ²=ŠšŠ − ý˚ Þ ˇ = ˇ × ş =Ú− =
¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼K
US fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C= „ ¹łˇÝš˝ˇ
Ò˙ ¹ğ ³ž=ðšÐý˚Þ− ¼
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Òˇ¹ğ ½¸²?= →=?Ò˙¹ğ ³ž=ËšÐý˚Þ− ¼?
NK
„ý¾˙ Þгž=ðšÐý˚Þ− ¼=ýš=½ž=₣ ¹¸³ž=½ž²=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾ Ðð¸²=
ýž₣ˇ Þ¸²K
OK
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=ž=ý×˙ ¹ˇ =ð˙ ½ğ = ˇ ׺ =½ −=³ˇ¹ğ ý ˚ Þ− =ðš ˝ ýšÞ − =š ˝ Þ ˇ Ð=ý×ÝšI=
×Ð˚ ³½š= K
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=a=¸=b=łÐˇ =Þˇ =š× ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½−= š×Ц¼ýž½ş=ðš˝ýšÞ −I=ýš½ ˙=
×Ð˚ ³½š= K
QK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½šK
?lh?W Ú−=ˇ ×−½˚ Ýš³ýˇ =³˙ ¹ğ ³ž²=šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=
?„×ÐÝ−ł ¸Lbךþš¹ł K?W Ú−=ˇ ×−½˚ Ýš³ýˇ =½ž²=³˙¹ğ ³ž²=ý×− ¹š˝=
?fl Ýݡł ¸=Țн− ¼¹ł K?W Ú− =ˇ ×− ½˚ Ýš³ýˇ =½ž²=³˙ ¹ğ ³ž²=ý×− ¹š˝ =
ı ¹¸³ž=ˇ Þ½š³½¹ˇ ýý˚ Þ−¼=ðšÐý˚Þ− ¼
NK
Ò½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=³˙¹ğ ³ž²I=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
?fl Þ˙ ×− Š−=Ëš˝ ýšÞ− ?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=ˇ×ş =?fl ¼½şýˇ ½− ?I=
?ˡÞ− ÞÐðş ?=¸=?fl Þ½š³½¹ˇ ýý˚Þ− ?K
bJ_ççâ
=Ej=TJSF
fl ¼½¸=ž=ݚн−¼¹ł ˝ˇ =³˙ ²=š×н¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =Šš˝ ½š=½ˇ =ˇ ¹₣ š ˝ˇ =
žÝšð½¹− ÞÐðć Þ=ŁÐŁÝ˝ ğ Þ=Eujac=¸=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ =ðšÐý˚Þ− ¼F=×− ¼=˚₣− ¼Þ=
ˇ ×− ¦žðš¼½š ˝ =³š=ý˝ˇ =ð˙ ¹½ˇ =ýÞ¸ýž²K
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?bJ_ççâ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ð¼Ý¸³š½š=½žÞ=−¦şÞž=š×˙Þ ğ=ðˇÐ=ð˙½ ğ=E³½žÞ=×¹−žł−ĆýšÞž=
¸=³½žÞ=š×ş ýšÞž=ł¹ˇ ýý¸FI=×Ð˚ ³½š=
×¹−žł−Ć ýšÞž=¸=³½Ð²=š×ş ýšÞš²=³šÝ˝ Šš²=×Ð˚ ³½š=
³½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=šÐ³ˇłğł ¸²=ðšÐý˚Þ− ¼K
Þˇ =½¹− ×− ×− О¦š˝ K
Þˇ =ý𽎠½¹ˇ ך˝ =³š=ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=
г½− ³šÝ˝Šˇ ²I=ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=
ˇ ÝÝžÝ−ł ¹ ˇ ¾˝ˇ ²I=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş=½žÝš¾ć Þ− ¼=¸=
ðš˝ ýšÞ− =ýš=ݡ ½ÐÞÐð−Ć ²=₣ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²K
a
=¸=bK=·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ýš½ ˇŁš ˝ ½š=³½žÞ=
c
=¸=dK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=F=ş ½ˇ Þ=− Ý− ðÝž¹ć³š½š=½ž=ŠÐˇŠÐðˇ³˝ˇK
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
⁄ ½ ˇ Þ=Ý ˙ Łš½š=ý ˝ˇ =ðݸ³ž=šÞć=š ˝³½š=³š=ð ˇ ½˙³½ ˇ ³ž=×¹−Ł−ݸ²=¸=
ş½ˇ Þ=ðÝš˝ Þš½š=˚ Þˇ =žÝšð½¹ −ÞÐð ş= ŁÐ ŁÝ˝ −=EÉJÄççâFI=×¹−³½˝ ¦š½ˇ Ð=
ˇ ¼½şý ˇ ½ˇ =³½žÞ=½šÝ𼽎˝ˇ =³šÝ˝Šˇ =×−¼=×¹−Ł ˙ Ýݡ ½š=−=? fl ¼½şýK=
ÒšÝЊ− Šš˝ 𽞲N?K=Â=³šÝ˝Šˇ =ýš=½− =³šÝЊ− Šš˝ ð½ž=ˇÞ− ˝łšÐ=
ˇ ¼½şý ˇ ½ˇ =ş ½ ˇ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½žÞ=š×şýšÞž=¾− ¹ ˙ =ˇ¼½ş=½− = ˇ ¹₣ š ˝ −K=
Ì=Þ˚−²=³šÝЊ− Šš˝ 𽞲=š˝Þˇ Ð=½ć¹ˇ =−=?fl¼½ şýK=ÒšÝЊ−Šš˝ð½ž²N?I=
ðˇ Ð=ˇ ÝÝ˙ ŽšÐ=½−Þ=×¹−žł−Ć ýšÞ− =³šÝЊ− Šš˝ð½ž=³š=?fl ¼½ş ýK=
ÒšÝЊ− Šš˝ 𽞲O?K
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=šÞş ²=ÒšÝЊ− Šš˝ ð½ž
Í× − ¹š ˝½š=Þ ˇ=šÐ³ ˙ł š½š= ˚ğ ²=ð ˇÐ=Š Ć− =³šÝЊ − Šš ˝ð½š²=³š=ð ˙¦š=
ˇ¹₣ š ˝−=bJ_ççâK
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?bJ_ççâ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÒšÝЊ− Šš˝ 𽞲?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÒšÝЊ− Šš˝ 𽞲N?=¸=?ÒšÝЊ−Šš˝ 𽞲O?K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Ú ˇ = ˇ ¹ ₣š ˝ˇ =bJ_ççâ=ŠšÞ=ý× −¹ −Ć Þ=Þ ˇ =×¹ −ŁÝž¦ −ĆÞ=ş½ˇ Þ=
₣¹ž³Ðý −× −К ˝½ ˇÐ=ž=?Í −¼³Ðð¸?=¸=½ˇ=?Ó ˇÐ₣Þ ˝ŠÐ ˇ=C=„¾ ˇ¹ý−ł ˚²?K
≥
„˙ Þ=ˇ ¾ˇ й˚ ³š½š=½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇ =ýÞ¸ýž²=šÞć=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×−К˝½š=½ −=
bJ_ççâI=¦ˇ =šý¾ˇ Þг½š˝=˚Þˇ =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =š×ÐŁšŁˇ˝ ğ ³ž²=ðˇÐ=½−=
½žÝ˚¾ğ Þş =³ˇ ²=¦ˇ =š×г½¹˚Ğ šÐ=³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²K
fl½Ž ˚Þ½ ˇ=C=„¹ ł ˇÝš ˝ˇ UT
ı¹− Þş ýš½¹−
Í× −¹š ˝ ½š=Þ ˇ= ˇ ×−¦žðš 󚽚= ˚ ğ ²=ð ˇ Ð=Q= ₣¹ ş Þ − ¼²= łĆ¹ −¼=š ˙ Þ=
₣¹ž³Ðý −× −и³š½š=½ž=ݚн−¼¹ł˝ˇ = ₣¹ −Þ −ý˚ ½¹ −¼K
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?ı¹− Þş ýš½¹− ?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =½žÞ=˚ Þˇ ¹þžK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xi^mz=łÐˇ =Þˇ =Šš˝ ½š=½−=₣¹şÞ− =½− ¼=łĆ ¹− ¼=×¹ÐÞ=
³½ˇýˇ ½¸³šÐ=½−=₣¹−Þş ýš½¹− K=fl×− ¦žðšĆ− Þ½ˇ Ð=−Ð=₣¹şÞ−Ð=½ğÞ=Q=
½šÝ𼽎˝ğ Þ=łĆ ¹ğ ÞK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =ס Ć ³žK
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ ³š½š=½− =¹šð ş ¹=šÞş ²=₣ ¹ş Þ−¼=łĆ¹− ¼=ðˇ Ð=
½ž=₣¹−Þ−ý˚ ½¹ž³ž=³½ˇ =Ó¹ş ½¼×ˇ =Ëš˝ ýšÞˇ =×Ð˚Ž− Þ½ˇ ²=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=
š×ÐÝ˚ł−Þ½ ˇ ²=?fl×− ¦K=³½ˇ =Ó¹ş ½¼×K?K
ÍžŠšÞгýş ²=₣¹şÞ−¼
NK
Íš½˙ =½žÞ=׎à ³ž=½−¼=₣¹−Þ−ý˚½¹−¼I=×Ð ˚³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„×ˇÞˇ¾− ¹˙?K
„¹łˇ³˝ š²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹸³š½š=½−=₣¹−Þ− ŠÐ˙ł¹ ˇ ýýˇ=ğ ²=
ðˇ ½ˇ₣𠹸³šÐ²=š¹łˇ ³Ðć Þ=ł Ðˇ =ý˝ˇ =ŠšŠ− ý˚ Þž=žýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ=¸= ć ¹ˇ K
‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=ý˝ˇ ²=Î˚ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?„¹łˇ³˝ š²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ³¦K=ˡ½ˇ₣ć¹K?K
OK
„г˙ł š½š=½− =¦˚ýˇK
PK
„г˙ł š½š=½žÞ=žýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ=ðˇ Ð=½žÞ=㹎 =½ž²=× ¹ −¦š³ý˝ˇ ²K
=Ej=TJTF
=Ej=TJUF
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=㹎 =¼×šÞ¦Ć ýгž²K
„˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?¿ÝÝš²?I=šÐ³˙ł š½š=½žÞ=㹎 =ðˇ Ð=½žÞ=
žýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ =¼×šÞ¦Ć ýгž²=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½šK
RK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xfl×− ¦¸ðKzK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
„ ˙Þ= − Ð=¹¼¦ý ˝³šÐ²=žýš¹ − ýžÞ ˝ˇ²=ð ˇÐ= 㹎²=ŠšÞ= ˚ ₣− ¼Þ=šÐ³ ˇ₣¦š ˝=
ˇðş ýžI=¦ ˇ=šý¾ˇÞг½š˝=ž=−¦ ş Þž=šÐ³ˇłğł ¸²=žýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ²=ðˇÐ=
ć ¹ˇ²=E³šÝK NMMFK
fl Ýݡ ł¸=½− ¼=Ú Ć×−¼=½−¼=◊₣− ¼=ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð−Ć =¸=½ − ¼= ˇ¹₣ š ˝ − ¼= sáÇÉç=
`äáé
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=Î˚ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž²I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š==?ÛךަĆýгž=?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š==?fl ޽г½K=ÚşÞ−¼LsáÇÉç=?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ K=ÚşÞ−¼?=ðˇÐ=ýš½˙=?Ó¹ −¹¼¦ýгýK=◊₣−Ð?=¸=
?ÌÐ=◊₣− Ð=j− ¼?=¸=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ K=sáÇÉç?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=¸₣− =¸=½−=ˇ¹₣ š˝−=обЗЙз=Едбй=Ч− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½šK
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=šÞş ²=¸₣− ¼I=Šš˝ ½š=
?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž=šÞş ²=◊₣− ¼=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ =VQK
UU fl½Ž ˚Þ½ ˇ=C= „ ¹ łˇÝš ˝ˇ
flÝÝ ˇł¸=½ž²=‚Ð ˙¹ðšÐ ˇ²=½ −¼= ◊₣−¼=ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð −Ć=¸=½− ¼=sáÇÉç
NK
=Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž =Î ˚ˇ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž²I=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=?Ûך Þ¦Ćýгž?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=₣¹− ÞÐð¸=ך¹˝−Š−K
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?¿ÝÝš²?I=ý×− ¹š ˝ ½š=Þ ˇ =šÐ³ ˙ł š½š=½ −=₣ ¹ş Þ− =
×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½š=ýš=ŠĆ− =Ğ ž¾˝ˇ =₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− ÐćÞ½ˇ²=½ −=
×Ýžð½¹−ÝşłÐ−K
fl Ýݡ ł¸=Óš¹Ðł ¹ ˇ ¾¸²
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž =Î ˚ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž²I=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=?Óš¹Ðł ¹ˇ ¾¸?K
OK
„г˙ł š½š=ý˝ˇ =³žýš˝ğ ³ž=łÐˇ =½žÞ=ðˇ ½ˇ ₣ć ¹ž³ž=š¹łˇ³˝ˇ ²K
Íš½ˇ ½¹− ׸=ˡ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž²=³š=fl׺ ¹¹ž½ž
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž =Î ˚ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž²I=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=?ͼ³½Ððş ?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ý𽎽¹˚Ğ š½š=½ˇ =ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þˇ=³š=
ˇ ׺ ¹¹ž½ ˇ =¸=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Íž=šÞš¹ łş ?= łÐˇ =Þ ˇ =ýžÞ=½ ˇ=ˇ ÝÝ ˙ þš½šK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=Í˝ˇ =ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=ğ ²=ÌÝ− ðÝž¹ğý˚Þž=¸=Íž=
ÌÝ− ðÝž¹ğý˚ Þž
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?„¹łˇ³˝ š²?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
PK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž =×¹−Ł−ݸ²I=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
?÷Ýšł₣−²?K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=ğ ²=ýž=−Ý− ðÝž¹ğý˚ ÞžI=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ïšýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹Ð³ýˇ ?K
fl×− ³½− ݸ=ý ˝ˇ²=ˡ½ ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž²=„¹łˇ³ ˝ˇ²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?„¹łˇ³˝ š²?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×− ³½− ݸ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?˜²=͸޼ýˇ ?I=?Нš=_дмЙнззнЬ?=¸=?Нš=ЫЧ˚ ¹¼¦¹š²?K
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½ž=ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =šÞş ²=
ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=Šš˝ ½š=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚ − ¼=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ RMK
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=ˇ³Ć ¹ýˇ½− ¼=
_дмЙнззнЬ
=Šš˝ ½š=?_дмЙнззнЬ?=³½ž=³šЭ˝Šˇ NNNK=
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=Ûך¹Ć ¦¹ğ Þ=
Šš˝ ½š=?Û×˚ ¹¼¦¹š²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ NNPK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=³Ć Žš¼þž=¦ˇ=₣ ¹šÐˇ ³½š˝ =Þˇ =šÐ³˙ł š½š=˚Þˇ Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş=ş½ˇ Þ=
³¼ÞŠ˚ š³½š=łÐˇ=׹㠽ž=¾−¹˙ =ýš=ý ˝ˇ =³¼³ðš¼¸=×− ¼=ŠÐˇ¦˚ ½šÐ=
ˇ ³Ć ¹ý ˇ ½ž=½š₣Þ− Ý−ł ˝ˇ =_дмЙнззнЬK
Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=½ž²=ˡ½˙³½ˇ³ž²=ÍÞ¸ýž²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?„¹łˇ³˝ š²?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ˡ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ÍÞ¸ýž²?K
‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=ˡ½ˇ₣𠹸³šğÞ
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?„¹łˇ³˝ š²?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→=?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
?fl ¼½¸=ž=„¹łˇ ³˝ˇ ?W ‚Ðˇł ¹˙ ¾šÐ=½žÞ=š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž=
?ÌÐ=ÌÝ− ðÝK=„¹łˇ³˝ š²?W ‚Ðˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ=ş Ýš²=½Ð²=ýˇ ¹ðˇ ¹Ð³ý˚ Þš²=
?⁄ Ýš²=− Ð=„¹łˇ ³˝ š²?W ‚Ðˇł ¹˙ ¾šÐ=ş Ýš²=½Ð²=ðˇ ½ˇ₣𠹸³šÐ²K
ðˇ ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³žK
ðˇ ½ˇ₣𠹸³šÐ²K
fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹ł ˇ Ýš˝ˇ UV
Óˇł ðş ³ýÐˇ =›¹ˇ
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=½ž²=‰ćÞž²=›¹ˇ²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Óˇłðş ³ýÐˇ =›¹ˇ?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„ךþKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÔƦýK=‰ć Þž²=›¹ˇ ²?K
Â=½¹ ˚₣− ¼³ ˇ =Ž ćÞž= 㹎 ²=š×гžý ˇ˝ Þš½ ˇ Ð=³½ −Þ=× ˇłð ş ³ýÐ −=
₣˙¹½ž=ýš=ý ˝ˇ=ð şððÐÞž= ł¹ˇ ýý¸K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=c=¸=d=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =ˇ ÝÝ˙ þš½š=½ž=Žć Þž =㹎 ²K
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=Ó¹−³ğ ×Ðð¸²=‰ćÞž²=›¹ˇ²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Óˇłðş ³ýÐˇ =›¹ˇ?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„ךþKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÔƦýK=‰ć Þž²=›¹ˇ ²?K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ô¼¦ýK=‰ć Þž²?K
PK
„г˙ł š½š=½−=şÞ−ýˇ=׺ݞ²=×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš ˝½š=ðˇÐ=½žÞ=㹎 K
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=Êš¹ÐÞ¸²=›¹ˇ ²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Óˇłðş ³ýÐˇ =›¹ˇ?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„ךþKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Êš¹ÐÞ¸=›¹ˇ ?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
fl Þ½˝ ³½¹−¾ž=Í ˚ ½¹ž³ž
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?fl Þ½˝ ³½¹K=Íš½¹ž½K?
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½žÞ=㹎 =łÐˇ =½ž=ý˚ ½¹ž³žK
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×Ð Ý ˚ þš½š=½žÞ=㹎 =ˇ×ş =N=Šš¼½ š¹ş Ýš×½− =˚ğ²=SM=
Ýš×½˙K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =½žÞ=˚ Þˇ ¹þž=½ž²=ý˚ ½¹ž³ž²K
=Ej=TJVF
=Ej=TJNMF
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =ס Ć ³žK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=×˙ ÝÐ= =łÐˇ =½ž=³¼Þ˚ ₣ šÐˇ =½ž²=ý˚ ½¹ž³ž²K
QK
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=½šÝšÐć³šÐ=ž= ˇ Þ½˝ ³½¹−¾ž=ý ˚ ½¹ž³žI= ×Ð˚ ³½š=xflðĆ ¹ ğ³žz=
ðˇ Ð=³½ž=³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇ =×Ð˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =Þˇ =½žÞ=þšðÐÞ¸³š½š=×˙ÝÐK
„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ=½ − ¼=ı¹ş Þ− ¼=fl Þ½˝³½¹− ¾ž²=Í˚ ½¹ž³ž²
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=˚Þˇ ¹þž²=½ž²=ˇ Þ½˝ ³½¹− ¾ž²=ý˚ ½¹ž³ž²=×Ð˚ ³½ š=
x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ ?K
OK
Ú¹−×−×− и³½š=½žÞ=㹎=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž=„þşŠğÞ
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ðˇ½ˇł¹ ˙Ğ š½š=ý˝ˇ =³žýš˝ğ ³ž=šþşŠğ Þ=ýš=
×¹− š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þš²=¸=š×šþš¹łˇ ³ý˚ Þš²=ðˇ ½žł− ¹˝ š²K
ˡ ½ˇł ¹ˇ ¾¸=³½ž=Òžýš˝ğ ³ž=„þş Šğ Þ
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Òžýš˝ğ ³ž=„þşŠğ Þ?=→=?Ó¹− ³¦K=
Î˚− ¼=÷þ− Š− ¼?
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½ˇ=˚þ− Ў=₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×−ÐćÞ½ˇ²=½ˇ=ˇ¹Ð¦ýž½Ðð˙=
×Ý¸ð½¹ˇK
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ ½žł− ¹˝ˇ =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Â=³žýš˝ğ ³ž=šþşŠğ Þ=ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹚˝½ˇ ÐK
=Ej=TJNNF
=Ej=TJNNJNF
VM fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C= „ ¹łˇÝš˝ˇ
Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=Ò¼ÞşÝğÞ
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Òžýš˝ğ ³ž=„þşŠğ Þ?=→=?ÌÝÐðş?
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=šý¾ˇÞ˝Ž−Þ½ˇÐ=½ˇ=ðˇ½ˇ ₣ğ¹žý˚Þˇ=˚þ −Ў K
fl Ýݡ ł¸=Ó− ³−Ć
NK
Ò½ž=ł šÞÐð¸=×¹−Ł− ݸI=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ −=³½−Ð₣š˝ −=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl Ýݡł ¸=Ó−³−Ć?K
PK
„г˙ł š½š=½− =×−³ş =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½š=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×−Ðć Þ½ˇ ²=½ˇ=
ˇ ¹Ð¦ýž½Ðð˙ =×Ý¸ð½¹ˇK
‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=ˡ½ˇ₣ğ ¹žý˚Þ− ¼=Ò½− Ð₣ š˝−¼=¸= ⁄Ýğ Þ=½ğ Þ=Ò½− Ð₣š˝ ğÞ
NK
Ò½ž=ł šÞÐð¸=×¹−Ł− ݸI=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ −=³½−Ð₣š˝ −=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł ¹K=fl Þ½ÐðšÐýK?=¸=?‚Ðˇł¹ˇ ¾¸=
⁄ Ýğ Þ?K
„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ=½− ¼=ÌÞşýˇ ½− ²=ˡ½žł− ¹˝ˇ ²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Òžýš˝ğ ³ž=„þşŠğ Þ?=→=?„ךþK=
ˡ ½žł− ¹˝ˇ ²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=şÞ−ýˇ =ðˇ½žł− ¹˝ˇ ²=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
fl ÝÝ˙ þ½š=½−=ş Þ− ý ˇ K
=Ej=TJNNJOF
=Ej=TJNNJPF
‡− ¸¦šÐˇ =ڞݚ¾ć Þ− ¼
Í× −¹š ˝ ½š=Þ ˇ =×¹ −Ł˙ ÝÝš½š=½ž=Ý ˝ ³½ ˇ= Ł−¸¦šÐ ˇ ²=ð ˇ Ð=Þ ˇ =½ž=
₣¹ž³Ðý −× −и³š½š= ğ²= −Šžłş=łÐˇ =½Ð²=ݚн−¼¹ł˝ š²=½−¼=½žÝš¾ćÞ −¼K
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?‡− ¸¦šÐˇ =ڞݚ¾ćÞ− ¼?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=a=¸=bK
=Ej=TJNOF
fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹ł ˇ Ýš˝ˇ VN
„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²=pfj
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ˇÞˇ ½¹˚ þš½š=³½Ð²=×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²=×− ¼=ך¹Ð˚₣−Þ½ ˇÐ=
³½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇ =pfjLrpfjK=„×Ðð−ÐÞğÞ¸³½š=ýš=½−=¾−¹˚ˇ =¼×ž¹š³ÐćÞ=
³ˇ ²=ł Ðˇ =ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹š²=×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²K
=Ej=NNF
VO „¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²=pfj
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²
Ó¹−¾˝ Ý
ÌÐ=¹¼¦ý ˝ ³šÐ²=¸ ₣−¼=ð−¼Š −¼Þ ˝ ³ý ˇ½−²I=¸ ₣−¼I=Š şÞž³ž²=ð ˇ Ð=¾ ğ½ ş ²=
łÐˇ =½ −=ð ˙¦š=×¹ −¾˝ Ý=ý× −¹ −ĆÞ=Þ ˇ=ŠÐ ˇý −¹¾ ğ¦ −ĆÞ=ˇÞ ˙Ý−ł ˇ=ýš=½ −=
ך¹ÐŁ˙ ÝÝ− Þ=³½−=−×−˝ −=ٹ˝ ³ðš³½šK
Û×˙¹₣− ¼Þ=S=×¹− ¾˝ ÝW=?ˡÞ− ÞÐðş ?I=?Ò¼Þ˙ Þ½ž³ž?I=
?‚¹ˇ ³½ž¹Ðş ½ž½ˇ?I=?fl ¼½−ð˝ Þž½− ?I=?flð− ¼³½Ððş ?=ðˇ Ð=?ÒÐğ מݺ ?K
„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž=šÞş ²=Ó¹− ¾˝ Ý
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =×¹−¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=−¹Ð³½š ˝ =ð˙ ×− Ð − =×¹ − ¾ ˝ ÝI=½ş½š=ž= ˇ Þ½˝ ³½−Ð₣ ž=˚ÞŠšÐþž=× − ¼=
ך¹Ðł¹˙ ¾š½ˇ Ð=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ NTI=šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=
ˇ Þˇ ý− Þ¸²K=
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
Ò½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ³ž=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²I=×Ð˚³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− =½−=
R
×¹−¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=šÞš¹ł− ×− и¦žðš=×Ð−=×¹ş³¾ˇ½ˇK
„×ˇÞˇ¾−¹˙ =Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šğ Þ=½ğ Þ=Ó¹− ¾˝Ý
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹−¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =š×ˇÞˇ¾˚ ¹š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ô¼¦ýK=ğ ²=Ó¹− š×K?K
PK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =³¼³ð𼏲K
Ì=×¹− š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− ²=ðğ ŠÐðş ²=³¼³ð𼏲=š˝Þˇ Ð=?VVVV?K=·Ðˇ=
Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=ˇ Ýݡł ¸=½− ¼=ðğ ŠÐð−Ć =
³¼³ð𼏲I=Šš˝ ½š=?fl Ýݡł ¸=Ëğ ŠÐð−Ć =Ò¼³ð𼏲?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ NMUK
=Ej=NOF
=Ej=NOJNF
=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =ˇ ÝÝ˙ þš½š=ýš½ˇþĆ =½− ¼=Ó¹− ¾˝ Ý=ÒÐğ מݺ =ðˇ Ð=½− ¼=
÷Þ½ˇ ³ž
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½š=½žÞ=˚ Þ½ˇ ³ž=½ğ Þ=šÐ³š¹₣ş ýšÞğ Þ=
¾ğ Þž½Ððć Þ=ðݸ³šğ ÞI=½ğ Þ=ýžÞ¼ý˙ ½ğ Þ=pjpLjjpLbã~áä=ðˇ Ð=½ğ Þ=
˙ ÝÝğÞ=¸₣ğ Þ=E?·šÞÐð¸= ˚ Þ½ˇ ³ž=¾ğ Þ¸²?F=³š= ˚Þˇ =ˇ ׺ =½ ˇ =˚ þÐ=
š×˝ ×šŠˇ I=¸=Þˇ =¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½š=ýÐˇ=ˇ ¼þˇÞş ýšÞž=˚ Þ½ˇ ³ž=łÐˇ =şÝˇ =ˇ ¼½˙ =
šð½ş ²=ˇ×ş =½ž=?·šÞÐð¸=˚Þ½ˇ ³ž=¾ğ Þ¸²?K
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹−¾˝Ý=×−¼=¦ ˚Ýš½š=Þˇ=×¹−³ ˇ¹ýş³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł¸?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?÷Þ½ˇ ³ž?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·Ðˇ =šÐ³š¹₣ş ýšÞž=ðݸ³ž?I=?·Ðˇ =Î˚−=͸޼ýˇ?=¸=
?·šÞÐð¸=˚ Þ½ˇ ³ž=¾ğÞ¸²?K
RK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=a=E¸=dF=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ˇ ¼þ¸³š½š=½žÞ=˚ Þ½ˇ ³ž=½− ¼=
ð− ¼Š− ¼ÞÐ−Ć =¸=×Ð˚ ³½š=
½− ¼=ð− ¼Š− ¼ÞÐ−Ć =ðˇÐ=³½ž=³¼Þ˚₣šÐˇ =×Ð˚ ³½š= K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?fl ¼þˇÞş ýšÞž=÷Þ½ˇ ³ž?I=×Ð˚ ³½š=a=E¸=dF=
³½− =š×˝ ךŠ− =RK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?ÒÐğ מݺ ?I=×Ð˚ ³½š=
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
Í× − ¹š ˝½š=Þ ˇ=š×ÐÝ ˚þš½š= ˚Þ ˇ = ˇ ׺ =½ ˇ=Š Ć− =š× ˝×šŠ ˇ=¸=½žÞ=
ˇ¼þ ˇÞş ýšÞž= ˚Þ½ ˇ³žI= ş½ ˇÞ=š×ÐÝ ˚łš½š=½−=×¹ −¾˝Ý=?ÒÐ ğ×žÝ ş?K
b
=E¸=cF=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ýšÐć ³š½š=½žÞ=˚Þ½ˇ ³ž=
b
=E¸=cF=³½− =š×˝ ךŠ− =NK
Ô¼¦ý ˝³šÐ² VP
fl޽г½ − ˝₣ž³ž=šÞ ş²= ◊₣−¼=Ë −¼Š −¼Þ ˝³ý ˇ½−²
˜²=¸₣− =ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ½− ²=ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=˚Þˇ Þ=ˇ×ş =½− ¼²=
OU=¸₣− ¼²I=³½− ¼²=−×−˝ − ¼²=ך¹ÐݡýŁ˙ Þ− Þ½ˇ Ð=ðˇ Ð=R=ý− ½˝Ł ˇ I=NP=
ž₣ ž½Ðð˙ =š¾¾˚ =ðˇ Ð=NM=ýšÝğ Š˝ š²K=Í×− ¹š˝½šI=š×˝³ž²=Þˇ=š×ÐÝ˚þš½š=
˚ Þˇ Þ=¸₣− = ˇ×ş =½ − ¼²= fl ×− ¦žðš¼ý ˚ Þ− ¼²= ◊₣−¼²=ğ ²=×¹− š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ − =
¸₣− =ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²I=šð½ş ²=ˇ ׺ =½− ¼²=¸₣−¼²=ýš=¾− ¹ý˙ =^joK
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹− ¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=×¹−³ˇ ¹ýş³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ë− ¼ŠKLË− ¼ŠK=sáÇÉç?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·Ðˇ =Ëݸ³ž=ÙğÞ¸²?=¸=?·Ðˇ=Ëݸ³ž=sáÇÉç ?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ K=ÚşÞ− ¼?K
SK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ¹¼¦ýгýK=◊₣− Ð?=¸=?ÌÐ=◊₣− Ð=j− ¼?K
TK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− Þ=¸₣− =ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=
₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½šK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ=ˇð −Ć ³š½š=½− =Šš˝łý ˇ I=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
?fl Þˇ ס ¹ˇłğł ¸?K
UK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž? =łÐˇ =
?Ó¹− ¹¼¦ý гýK=◊₣− Ð?=¸=?„×ÐÝ−ł ¸?=łÐˇ =?ÌÐ=◊₣− Ð=j− ¼?K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
fl ðşýž=ðÐ= ˇ Þ=ŠÐ ˇ ł¹ ˙ Ğš½š= ˚ Þ ˇ Þ=¸₣−=ð −¼Š − ¼Þ ˝ ³ý ˇ ½−²=× −¼=
₣¹ž³Ðý −× −К ˝= ˚Þ ˇÞ=¸ ₣−=ˇ ׺=½−=◊₣−Ð=C=Ë−¼Š−ĆÞгýˇ I=ž=
¹Ć ¦ýгž=ס ¹ˇ ý˚ ÞšÐ=ğ ²=˚₣ šÐ=ðˇ Ð=¦ˇ =ž₣ š˝ =− =×¹−š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ−²=
¸₣− ²=ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²K=„˙ Þ=ŠÐˇł¹ ˙Ğ š½š=˚Þˇ Þ=¸₣− =
ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²=×− ¼=˚₣ šÐ=− ¹Ð³½š˝ =ł Ðˇ =½− =ð− ¼Š−Ć Þгýˇ I=¦ˇ =
šÞš¹ł− ×− О¦š˝ =×˙ ÝÐ=−=×¹−š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ−²=¸₣−²=
ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²K
fl޽г½ − ˝₣ž³ž=šÞş ²=fl¹₣ š ˝− ¼=sáÇÉç=`äáé=Ë −¼Š− ¼Þ˝³ýˇ½− ²
Í× − ¹š ˝½š=Þ ˇ=š×ÐÝ ˚þš½š= ˚Þ ˇ =ˇ¹ ₣ š ˝− =обЗЙз=Едбй= ˇ× ş =½ ˇ=
fl×− ¦žðš¼ý ˚Þ ˇ=sáÇÉç= ğ²=×¹ −š×ÐÝš łý ˚Þ− = ˇ¹₣ š ˝−=обЗЙз=Едбй= łÐ ˇ=
½ − =ð − ¼Š −Ć Þгý ˇK
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹− ¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹− ³ˇ¹ýş ³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ë− ¼ŠKLË− ¼ŠK=sáÇÉç?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·Ðˇ =Ëݸ³ž=Ùğ Þ¸²?=¸=?·Ðˇ =Ëݸ³ž= s áÇÉç?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ K=sáÇÉç?K
SK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− =îáÇÉ ç=Åäáé=ð− ¼Š −¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ½− ²= ×−¼=
¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =₣¹ž³Ðý−×−и³š½šK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ð˙ Þš½š=×¹− š×гðş מ³ž=ˇ ¼½−Ć =½− ¼=ˇ¹₣ š˝− ¼I=×Ð˚ ³½š=
x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?flÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸?K
TK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„×ÐÝ−ł¸?K
VQ Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²
„Њ−×−˝ ž³ž =ÍžÞĆýˇ ½−²
⁄ ½ ˇ Þ=Ý ˇ ýŁ ˙ Þš½š=ýžÞ Ćý ˇ ½ ˇ I=½ −=½žÝ ˚ ¾ğÞ ş=³ ˇ ²=¦ ˇ =³ ˙ ²=šÐŠ −× − К ˝ =
łÐˇ =½žÞ=˙ ¾Ðþ¸=½ −¼²=ýš=½ −Þ=¸₣−=¸=½ −=обЗЙз=р −¼Š −¼Þ ˝³ý ˇ½ −²=× −¼=
˚ ₣š½š= − ¹ ˝ ³šÐK
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹−¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹−³ˇ¹ýş ³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ë− ¼ŠKLË− ¼ŠK=sáÇÉç ?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·Ðˇ =Î˚− =͸޼ýˇ ?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ K=ÚşÞ−¼?=¸=?fl޽г½ −˝ ₣K=sáÇÉç?K
„ ˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ ˚ þš½š=? fl ޽г½ −˝ ₣ K=Ú şÞ −¼?I=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹ −¹¼¦ýгýK=
◊₣−Ð?=¸=?ÌÐ= ◊₣−Ð=Í −¼?K
SK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− Þ=¸₣− =¸=½− =обЗЙз=Едбй=р− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝³ýˇ½− ²=× −¼=
¦˚ Ýš½šK
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=¸₣− ¼=
ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²=¸=ð− ¼Š−Ć Þгýˇ=обЗЙзI =Šš˝ ½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž=
šÞş ²=◊₣− ¼=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ½− ²?=¸=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž=šÞş ²=
fl ¹₣ š ˝ −¼=sáÇÉç=`äáé=Ë− ¼Š−¼Þ˝³ýˇ ½ − ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ VQK
TK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š× ÐÝ ˚þ½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž?=łÐˇ =?Ó¹− ¹¼¦ýгýK=
◊₣− Ð?=¸=?„×ÐÝ−ł ¸?K
UK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·Ðˇ =Î˚− =͸޼ýˇ ?=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ð˙¹ðšÐˇ ?K
VK
„г˙ł š½š=½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Úş Þ− Ð=ÓÝžð½¹− Ý−ł ˝− ¼
⁄½ ˇÞ= −Ð=½şÞ − Ð=×Ýžð½¹−Ý −ł˝− ¼= š˝Þ ˇÐ=šÞš¹ł−×− Оý˚Þ− ÐI=¦ˇ= ˇð−Ć ½š=
˚Þ ˇÞ=¸₣− =š×Ð Łš Ł ˇ˝ğ³ž²=ð ˙¦š=¾ −¹ ˙=× −¼=¦ˇ=×Ð ˚Žš½š= ˚Þ ˇ=
ˇ¹Ð¦ýž½Ðð ş=×ݸ𽹠−K
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹−¾˝Ý=×−¼=¦ ˚Ýš½š=Þˇ=×¹−³ ˇ¹ýş³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł¸?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?◊₣− Ð=Ò¼³½¸ýˇ½− ²?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÚşÞ− Ð=ÓÝžð½¹K?K
RK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ý−½˝ Ł− =½şÞ−¼=×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
SK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl޽г½− ˝₣ž³ž?K
Úş Þ− ²=Ó¹− šÐŠ− ×−˝ ž³ž²
Ú− =½žÝ˚ ¾ğ Þ− =šð×˚ ýךÐ=˚ Þˇ =×¹− šÐŠ− ×− О½Ððş =½ş Þ− =ş ½ˇ Þ=³¼ýŁ š˝ =
ð˙ ×− Ð− =Ý˙ ¦− ²K
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹−¾˝Ý=×−¼=¦ ˚Ýš½š=Þˇ=×¹−³ ˇ¹ýş³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł¸?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?◊₣− Ð=Ò¼³½¸ýˇ½− ²?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÚşÞ− ²=Ó¹− šÐŠ− ×K?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÚşÞ− ²?=¸=?‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ?K
·Ðˇ =?ÚşÞ− ²?I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?I=?Ó¹− ¹¼¦ýгýK=◊₣− Ð?=¸=
?ÌÐ=◊₣− Ð=j− ¼?K
·Ðˇ =?‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ?I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=š×Ц¼ýž½ş=₣¹şÞ−=ˇÞ˙ýš³ˇ=³½ˇ=
MIR=ðˇ Ð=³½ˇ =O=Šš¼½š¹ş Ýš×½ˇK
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ² VR
◊₣− ²=„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž²L fl ךޚ¹ ł− × −˝ž³ž²
Ú− =½žÝ˚ ¾ğ Þ− =ý×− ¹š˝ =Þˇ =¹¼¦ýг½š˝ =ć ³½š=Þˇ =šð×˚ ýךÐ=˚ Þˇ =¸₣− =
ðˇ ½˙ =½žÞ=šÞš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž=¸=½žÞ=ˇ ךޚ¹ł− ×−˝ ž³žK=Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =
¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½š=½žÞ=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ðˇ Ð=½ž=ýšÝğŠ˝ˇ=½ − ¼=¸₣− ¼K
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹− ¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=×¹−³ˇ ¹ýş³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?◊₣− Ð=Ò¼³½¸ýˇ½−²?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?◊₣− ²=„Þš¹ł− ×K?=¸=?◊₣− ²=fl ךޚ¹ł− ×K?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÍšÝğŠ˝ˇ ?=¸=?‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ?K
·Ðˇ =?Íš Ý ğŠ˝ˇ ?I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?I=?Ó¹−¹¼¦ýгýK=◊₣−Ð?=
¸=?ÌÐ=◊₣− Ð=j− ¼?K
‚ş Þž³ž
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹− ¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=×¹−³ˇ ¹ýş³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚ş Þž³ž?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?I=?Ò¼ÞŠšŠK=ýš=◊₣− ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
„˙ Þ=˚₣ š½š=š×ÐÝ˚ þšÐ=½− =?Ò¼ÞŠšŠK=ýš=◊₣−?=³½−=ُýˇ=QI=ž =Š şÞž³ž=
³¼ł₣ ¹− Þ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ýš=½žÞ=š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž=ýšÝğŠ˝ˇ K=Óˇ ¹ˇ ðˇ Ýć =
Ý˙Ł š½š=¼×şĞž=ş½Ð=ŠšÞ=¼×−³½ž¹˝Ž− ¼Þ=ş Ýš²=− Ð=ýšÝğ Š˝ š²=½žÞ=
š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=?Ò¼ÞŠšŠK=ýš=◊₣− ?K
≥
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ łš½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Ò¼ÞŠšŠK=ýš= ◊₣− ?=³½ −=Ł ¸ý ˇ =QI=
šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=½−=? ?=³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²K
Ùğ ²=Ò¼ýŁ˙Þ½−²
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=ž=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=¾ ğ½Ð³ý−Ć =š ˝ Þˇ Ð=šÞš¹ł− × − Оý ˚ ÞžI=½−=¾ğ ²=½− ¼=
ðÐÞž½−Ć =ˇ ÞˇŁ− ³Ł ¸ÞšÐ=ş½ˇ Þ=½−=½žÝ˚¾ ğÞ−=Ý˙ ŁšÐ=ýÐˇ=ðݸ³ž=¸=˚Þˇ=
ý¸Þ¼ýˇK
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹− ¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹− ³ˇ¹ýş ³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ùğ ²=³¼ýŁ˙Þ½− ²?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·Ðˇ =Ëݸ³ž=Ùğ Þ¸²?I=?·Ðˇ =Ëݸ³ž=sáÇÉç?=¸=?·Ðˇ =Î˚−=
͸޼ýˇ ?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹ł KLfl ךޚ¹ł K?K
SK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
fl Ýݡ ł¸= ı ¹ćýˇ ½ − ²=Ùğ ½Ð³ý−Ć
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=ˇÞ˙ýš³ˇ=ˇ×ş =T=₣ ¹ć ýˇ½ˇ=ðˇÐ=N=³₣˚ŠÐ −=łÐˇ =
½− =ð˙ ¦š=×¹− ¾˝ ÝK
NK
Ò½−=Ł ¸ýˇ =R=³½−=?Ùğ ²=³¼ýŁ˙Þ½−²?I=š×ÐÝ ˚þ½š=?ı¹ć ýˇ=
Ùğ ½Ð³ý−Ć ?K=
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½−=₣¹ćýˇ=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
„˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?aáëÅç?=³½−=ُýˇ=OI= şÝˇ =½ˇ =T=₣¹ćýˇ½ˇ =¦ˇ =
šÞˇ ÝÝ˙ ³³− Þ½ˇ Ð=ŠÐˇŠ−₣ Ðð˙K
VS Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²
Ùğ ²=ˡ ½˙³½ˇ ³ž²
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=ž=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=¾ ğ½Ð³ý−Ć =š ˝ Þˇ Ð=šÞš¹ł−×− Оý ˚ ÞžI=½ − =¾ ğ ²=½ − ¼=
ðÐÞž½−Ć =¸=½− =ýÐ ð¹ş =¾ğ ²=ˇÞˇŁ− ³Ł ¸ÞšÐ=łÐˇ =Þˇ =³ˇ ²=šÞžýš¹ć³šÐ=ş½Ð=
˚ ₣š½š= ˇ Þˇ ×˙ Þ½ž½š²=ðݸ³šÐ²=¸=ðˇ ÐÞ −Ć ¹ ł Ð ˇ =ýžÞ Ćýˇ ½ ˇ K
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
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OK
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PK
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