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ˇ ¼¦šÞ½Ðð¸²=ЏÝğ³ž²=³¼ýýş ¹¾ğ ³ž²W
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Ò₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=fl ¼½ş =½− Þ=ÌŠž łş =ı¹¸³ž²
fl ¼½ ş²= − =ÌŠž łş ²= ı ¹¸³ž²=³ ₣šŠÐ ˙ ³½žðš=×¹ −³šð½Ðð ˙ =łÐ ˇ =Þ ˇ =³ ˇ ²=
Ł−ž¦¸³šÐ=Þˇ=łÞ ğ¹˝ ³š½š=½Ð²=Š¼Þˇ½ş½ž½š²=ðˇ Ð=½Ð²=ݚн−¼¹ł˝ š²=½−¼=
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Òˇ ²=³¼Þг½−Ćýš= Þˇ =ð¹ˇ ½¸³š½š=₣ğ¹Ð³½˙=ˇÞ½˝ł¹ ˇ¾ˇ=ˇ×ş =şÝˇ =½ˇ =
³žýˇ Þ½Ðð˙ =ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þˇ =×− ¼=ך¹Ð˚₣−Þ½ ˇ Ð=³½ž=³¼³ðš¼¸=³ˇ ²K=Û׺=
− ¹Ð³ý˚Þš²=³¼Þ¦¸ðš²I=ý×− ¹š ˝ =Þ ˇ=₣ ˇ ¦ −ĆÞ=¸=Þˇ =½¹ −×− ×− О¦ −Ć Þ=
ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þˇ =³š=−×−Ðˇ Џ×− ½š=žÝšð½¹− ÞÐð¸=³¼³ðš¼¸=
ˇ ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž²K=·Ð ˇ=½−=Ýşł− = ˇ ¼½şI=ŠšÞ=ˇÞˇ ݡ ýŁ ˙ Þ− ¼ýš=ð ˇ ý˝ˇ =
š¼¦Ć Þž=łÐˇ =ˇ ×ć ÝšÐˇ =¸=ˇ₣ ¹¸³½š¼³ž=ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þğ ÞI=ğ ²=³¼Þ˚ ×šÐˇ=
š˝ ½š=ýž=×¹−Ł Ýš×ş ýšÞž²=₣ ¹¸³ž²I=š×г𚼸²I=ŁÝˇ Łć ÞI=
ˇ Þ½Ððˇ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž²=ýס ½ˇ ¹˝ˇ ²I=₣¹¸³ž²=ýš½˙=½ž=ݸþž=½ž²=
ðˇ ¦− ¹Ð³ý˚ Þž²=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ²=Žğ ¸²=½ž²=ýס½ˇ¹˝ˇ²=š˝½š=
−× −Ðˇ ³Š¸× −½š= ˙ÝÝž²= ˇÐ½˝ˇ ²K
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‚šÞ= ˇÞ ˇ Ý ˇ ýŁ ˙ Þ−¼ýš=ð ˇ ý ˝ˇ =𼦠ĆÞžI= ˚ ýýš³ ˇ =¸= ˙ ýš³ ˇ I= łÐˇ =
−Ðð −Þ −ýÐð ˚²= ˇ× ćݚК²=¸=ŠÐšðŠÐ𸳚в=½¹˝½ğÞ= ˇ×ş=½ž=₣¹¸³ž=
ˇ¼½−Ć =½ −¼=×¹ −İşÞ½ −²=ð ˇÐ=½ ğÞ=ݚн −¼¹ łÐ ćÞ=½ −¼I= ş× ğ²=ðÝ −׸=
ˇ¹Ð¦ý ćÞ=×г½ ğ½Ðð ćÞ=ð ˇ¹½ ćÞI= ˇ×ć ݚРˇ=¸=½¹ −× −× − ˝ž³ž=
ˇ×− ¦žðš¼ý ˚Þğ Þ=ŠšŠ− ý ˚Þğ ÞI=ðÝ×K
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⁄ Ýš²=−Ð=š×ğ Þ¼ý ˝ š²=š½ˇ Ð¹šÐćÞ=ð ˇ ÐL¸=×¹−İş Þ½ ğÞ= ˇ ×− ½šÝ −Ć Þ=
šý×− ¹Ðð˙ =³¸ ý ˇ½ˇ =ð ˇ ÐL¸=ðˇ½ˇ ½š¦˚ Þ½ˇ=³¸ ýˇ½ˇ =½ğ Þ=ˇ Þ½˝ ³½−Ð₣ğ Þ=
ðˇ ½ş₣ğ ÞK
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ÌÐ= ˇ×šÐð −Þ˝³šÐ²=½ž²= − ¦ ş Þž²=šÞŠ ˚₣ š½ ˇÐ=Þ ˇ=ŠÐ ˇ¾ ˚ ¹− ¼Þ= ˇ ׺ =
ˇ¼½ ˚²=× −¼=× ˇ¹− ¼³Ð ˙Ž− Þ½ ˇÐ=³½Ð²= −Šž ł ˝š²= ₣¹¸³ž²K
ÌÐ=×Ýž¹ −¾ − ¹˝š²=× − ¼=ך¹Ð ł¹˙¾ − Þ½ ˇÐ=³š= ˇ¼½ ş =½ − Þ=ÌŠž łş =
ı¹¸³ž²=šÞŠ ˚₣š½ ˇÐ=Þ ˇ= ˇÝÝ ˙þ− ¼Þ=₣ğ ¹ ˝²=×¹ −šÐŠ −× − ˝ž³žK
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̹гý˚ Þš²=ˇ×ş=½Ð²=ݚн−¼¹ł˝š²=× −¼=ך¹Ðł¹˙ ¾−Þ½ˇÐ=³š=ˇ¼½ş=
½− Þ=ÌŠžłş =ı¹¸³ž²=šÞŠ˚₣š½ ˇÐ=Þˇ =ýž Þ =¼ ×− ³½ž¹˝Ž− Þ½ˇ Ð=ˇ×ş =şÝˇ =
½ˇ =Š˝ ð½¼ˇ K
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‚šÞ=ˇÞˇÝˇýŁ ˙Þ− ¼ýš=ðˇý˝ˇ =š¼¦Ć Þž=łÐˇ =ך¹Ðš₣ş ýšÞ−I=
×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²I=ðÝ×K=×−¼=˚ ₣−¼Þ=Ýž¾¦š˝=ˇ× ş=½−=Š˝ð½¼ −K
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„˝ Þˇ Ð=×Цˇ Þş I=ך¹Ð³½ˇ ³Ðˇ ð˙ I=Þˇ =ס ¹− ¼³Ðˇ ³½−Ć Þ=³½žÞ=− ¦ş Þž=
ýš¹Ðð˙ =ýˇĆ¹ ˇ =¸=¾ğ ½šÐÞ˙ =é áñÉä ëK=Óˇ¹ˇðˇÝ−Ć ýšI=³žýšÐć ³½š=ş ½Ð=
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ˇ×ş Š− ³žK
ÓÞš¼ýˇ ½Ðð˙=ŠÐðˇÐć ýˇ½ˇ
ÒĆ ý¾ğ Þˇ =ýš=½žÞ=г₣Ć− ¼³ˇ =Þ− ý− ¦š³˝ˇ =ך¹˝ =×Þš¼ýˇ ½Ððć Þ=
ŠÐðˇÐğ ý˙½ğ ÞI=ž=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸I=½¹−×−×−˝ ž³ž=ðˇÐ=₣¹¸³ž=¼ÝÐð−Ć=
×− ¼=×¹− ³½ˇ ½šĆ 𽎠Ð=ˇ ׺ =½ž=Þ− ý− ¦š³˝ˇ =ך¹˝ =×Þš¼ýˇ ½Ððć Þ=
ŠÐðˇÐğ ý˙½ğ Þ=Eý− ¼³Ðð¸I=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²I=ðÝ×KF=š×н¹˚ ך½ˇ Ð=ýşÞ− Þ=
ł Ðˇ =×¹ − ³ğ ×Ðð¸=¸=ЊÐğ ½Ðð¸=₣ ¹¸³žK=„˙Þ= − =₣ ¹¸³½ž²=ŠšÞ=š˝Þˇ Ð=
ð˙ ½−₣− ²=šð½š½ˇ ý˚ Þğ Þ=×Þš¼ýˇ ½Ððć Þ=ŠÐðˇÐğ ý˙½ğ Þ=¸=Šš=ŠÐˇ¦˚ ½šÐ=
¹ž½¸=˚ł ð¹Ð³ž=ˇ×ş =½− Þ=ð˙½−₣− =½ğ Þ=×Þš¼ýˇ½ÐðćÞ=ŠÐð ˇÐğ ý˙½ğ Þ=
ł Ðˇ = ˇ Þ ˇ × ˇ ¹ ˇ łğł ¸I=½¹− ×− ×− ˝ž³ž=¸= ₣ ¹¸³ž=ˇÞ½Ðł¹˙ ¾ ğ Þ=× − ¼=
ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł ¸¦žðˇ Þ=¸=½¹−×−×− и¦žðˇ Þ=ðˇ ½D=ˇ ¼½ş =½− Þ=½¹ş×− I=½ş ½š=
ž=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸I=½¹−×−×−˝ ž³ž=ðˇ Ð=₣ ¹¸³ž=½−¼=¼ÝÐð−Ć=¦šğ¹š˝½ˇÐ=
ş ½Ð=ˇÞ½Ð½˝ ¦š½ˇ Ð=³½ž=Þ − ý− ¦š³˝ˇ =ך¹ ˝=×Þš¼ýˇ ½Ðð ć Þ=ŠÐðˇÐ ğ ý˙ ½ ğ Þ=
ðˇ Ð=ס ¹˚₣ 𽎠Ð=³½− Þ=ЊÐ− 𽸽ž=×Þš¼ýˇ ½Ððć Þ=ŠÐðˇÐğ ý˙½ğ Þ=½− =
ŠÐðˇ˝ğýˇ =˚łš¹³ž²=ˇ×ˇÐ½¸³šğ Þ=ˇ×− Žžý˝ğ ³ž²K=·Ðˇ =½− =Ýşł− =ˇ ¼½ş I=
³¼Þг½˙½ˇ Ð=ž=ˇ×− ¾¼ł ¸=ס¹˙Þ− ýž²=₣ ¹¸³ž²=½− ¼=¼ÝÐð−Ć =×− ¼=
×¹− ³½ˇ ½šĆ 𽎠Ð=ˇ×ş =×Þš¼ýˇ ½Ðð˙ =ŠÐðˇÐć ýˇ½ˇK
Úˇ =tбеЗзпл=ˇ ×− ½šÝ−ĆÞ=³¸ýˇ =ðˇ½ˇ ½š¦˚ Ю=½ž²=jбЕкзлзСн=
`зкйзк~нбзе=³½Р²=ВУfl =ðˇ ÐL¸=³š=˙ ÝÝš²=₣ć ¹š²K
„гˇłğł ¸N
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ðğ ŠÐð− ×−˝ ž³ž=Ł˝ Þ½š− =³Ć ý¾ğ Þˇ =ýš=½− =jmbdJQ=sáÇÉç=pí~åÇ~êÇ=E?jmbdJQ=
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šý×− ¹Ðð¸²=йˇ ³½ž¹Ðş ½ž½ˇ ²=ðˇ ÐL¸=ˇ×− 𽸦žðš=ˇ×ş =˚Þˇ Þ=ˇ ŠšÐ−Š− ½žý˚Þ− =
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ðğ ŠÐð− ×−˝ ž³ž=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=E ˇ F=ŠšŠ− ý˚ Þˇ =ˇ ×− ¦žðš¼ý˚ Þˇ =¸=ˇ Þ½Ðł ¹ˇ ýý˚ Þˇ =³š=
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ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þˇ =½ˇ =−×−˝ˇ =ˇ ×− ½šÝ−Ć Þ=Ł− ¸¦šÐˇ =³š=ý˝ˇ =Ł˙ ³ž=½˝ ½Ý− =×¹− ²=½˝ ½Ý− =ðˇ Ð=
ýš½ˇŠ˝Š− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½− Þ=½šÝÐðş=₣ ¹¸³½ž=łÐˇ =ýş ÞÐýž=ˇ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ ž=ðˇ ÐL¸=₣ ¹¸³žK=
Ú˚ ½− К²=×¹ş ³¦š½š²=˙ ŠšÐš²=ý×− ¹−Ć Þ=Þˇ =Š− ¦−Ć Þ=ˇ ׺ =½žÞ=jmbd=i^I=ii`K=
„×Ð³ðš¾¦š˝ ½š=½žÞ=г½− ³šÝ˝Šˇ =ЬннйWLLпппKгйЙЦд~KЕзг=łÐˇ =×¹ş ³¦š½š²=
×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²K=
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Ú −=½žÝ ˚ ¾ ğÞ −=³ ˇ ²=×¹ −³¾ ˚ ¹šÐ=½ ˇ =× ˇ¹ ˇ ð ˙ ½ğ= ₣ ˇ ¹ ˇ 𽞹г½Ðð ˙W
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ŁÝ˚ ך½š= −=˚ Þˇ ²=½ −Þ= ˙ÝÝ −=³½Ð²= −¦ şÞš²=³ ˇ²K
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÷ ł₣¹ ğý ˇ =× ˇ Ð ₣Þ ˝ ŠÐ ˇ =ð ˇ Ð = š¾ ˇ ¹ý −ł˚ ² = Pa=g~î~ ∑=ýš=š×н ˇ₣ ¼Þ½¸=
ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð ćÞK=Í× −¹š ˝½š= ˇð şýž=Þ ˇ=?ð ˇ½š Ł˙³š½š?=ŠÐ ˙¾ −¹ˇ =
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×¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸=½− ¼=½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=³ˇ ²=ýš=×− ÝÝ−Ć ²=½¹ş ×− ¼²K
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гзДбдЙ=fенЙкеЙнK
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Ú− ¼²=×¹− ³ğ ×Ðð−Ć ²=³ˇ ²=¸₣− ¼²=ðˇ Р=обЗЙз=р− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ½− ²K=
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fl Þˇ ס ¹ˇ łğł¸=½ğ Þ= ˇ ¹₣ š ˝ ğÞ=¸₣− ¼=ð ˇ Р=обЗЙз=Едбй=Ч− ¼= ˚₣ š½š=
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≥
Ê Ć¹ ˇ = ˇ ³ ùý ˇ ½ž²=³ ĆÞŠš³ž²=
_дмЙнззнЬГ= łÐ ˇ =½žÞ=š×Ðð −ÐÞ ğÞ ˝ˇ =
ðˇ Ð=½ž=ý𽎠¾− ¹˙ =ŠšŠ− ý˚ Þğ Þ=ýš=ŠÐ˙ ¾− ¹š²=³¼³ðš¼˚ ²K=
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ý𽎾˚ ¹š½š=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²I=¸₣− ¼²=ðˇР=обЗЙз=Едбйл=
³š=½žÝ˚¾ğ Þˇ =ýš=₣ˇ¹ˇ 𽞹г½Ðð˙ =l_buK
≥
ÊĆ ¹ˇ =¼×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ Þ=ł Ðˇ =½žÞ=š×Ðð− ÐÞğ Þ˝ˇ =ŠšŠ− ý˚ Þğ ÞK=Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=
Þˇ =ý𽎠¾˚ ¹š½š=¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ š²I=¸₣− ¼²=ðˇ Р=обЗЙз=Едбйл=³š=
½žЭ˚¾ğ Þˇ =ýš=₣ˇ¹ˇ 𽞹г½Ðð˙ =l_buK
≥
Țн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =³¼ł₣ ¹− Þгý−Ć =ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þğ Þ=łÐˇ =½žÞ=šÞžý˚¹ğ ³ž=
½ğ Þ=ðˇ ½ˇ₣𠹸³šğ Þ=½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס ¾ć Þ=ýš=½− =fенЙкеЙнK
≥
Țн − ¼¹ ł˝ˇ= ₣ ¹ − Þ − ŠÐ ˇł¹ ˙ ýý ˇ½− ²= ł Ð ˇ =½ž=ŠžýÐ − ¼¹ ł˝ˇ =ð ˇÐ=½žÞ=
ˇ×− ³½− ݸ=ð ˇ½ ˇ₣𹸳š ğÞ= ₣¹ −Þ −ŠÐ ˇł¹ ˙ýý ˇ½− ²=ýš=¹¼¦ý ˝³šÐ²=
šÐŠ −× − ˝ ž³ž²K
≥
Û×−Š−₣ ¸=ð˙ ¹½ˇ ²=ýÞ¸ýž²=ãáåápa∑ I=ž=−×−˝ˇ =š×šð½š˝ ÞšÐ=½Ð²=
Š¼Þˇ½ş ½ž½š²=³Ć ÞŠš³ž²=ýš=˚Þˇ Þ=¼×−Ý−ł г½¸I=
₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− Ðć Þ½ˇ²=½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇ =ýÞ¸ýž²K
„гˇłğł ¸P
Óš¹Ðš₣ş ýšÞˇ
„гˇłğł ¸ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK N
Ú− =ÚžÝ˚ ¾ğ Þş =³ˇ ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK T
ÏšðÐÞć Þ½ˇ ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKU
Ú − × − ¦ ˚½ž³ž=½ž²=Ë ˙¹½ ˇ ²=pfj=ð ˇ Ð=½ž²=Í× ˇ ½ ˇ ¹ ˝ˇ ²KKKNN
fl¾ ˇ˝¹š³ž=½ž²=Ë ˙¹½ ˇ²=pfj=ð ˇÐ=½ž²=Íס½ ˇ¹ ˝ˇ² KKKKKKK NO
Ùş ¹½Ð³ž=½ž²=Íס½ˇ¹˝ˇ ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NP
Ú− ×− ¦˚ ½ž³ž=½ž²=Ë˙¹½ˇ²=ÍÞ¸ýž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NQ
fl ¾ˇ˝ ¹š³ž=½ž²=Ë˙ ¹½ˇ ²=ÍÞ¸ýž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNQ
ÒĆ ÞŠš³ž=½ğ Þ=Ò½š¹š− ¾ğ ÞÐðć Þ=Ù− ¹ž½ć Þ=
fl ð− ¼³½Ðð ć Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NR
„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž=ðˇ Ð=fl ךޚ¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž=½− ¼=
ڞݚ¾ćÞ− ¼³ˇ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NR
ËÝš˝Šğ ýˇ =½− ¼=ÓÝžð½¹−Ý−ł˝ − ¼ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNR
„ÞŠš˝ þšÐ²=−¦ş Þž²=EËĆ ¹Ðˇ =̦ş ÞžF KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NS
„ÞŠš˝ þšÐ²=−¦ş Þž²=E„þ𠽚¹Ðð¸=̦ş ÞžF KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNT
Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=ÓÝ−¸ł ž³ž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNU
Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=Ùğ Þž½Ðð¸²=Ëݸ³ž²LËݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NV
Ó¹ˇłý ˇ½− ×− ˝ ž³ž=ý˝ˇ²=Ùğ Þž½Ðð¸²=Ëݸ³ž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKK NV
Úˇ₣ š˝ˇ =Ëݸ³ž KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNV
„סÞ˙ ðÝž³ž KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKOM
fl ×˙ Þ½ž³ž=ý˝ˇ ²=ÙğÞž½Ðð¸²=Ëݸ³ž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKOM
ÍšÞ−Ć =Ëݸ³šğ Þ=EÙğ Þž½Ðð¸=ðݸ³žF KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKOM
Ó¹ˇłý ˇ½− ×− ˝ ž³ž=ý˝ˇ²=Ëݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK OP
fl ×˙ Þ½ž³ž=³š=ý˝ˇ=Ëݸ³ž=sáÇÉç KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKOP
ÍšÞ−Ć =Ëݸ³šğ Þ=EËݸ³ž=sáÇÉçF KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK OQ
QÓ š ¹ Ð š₣şýšÞˇ
„гˇłğł ¸=ıˇ ¹ˇ 𽸹ğ Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK OS
flÝÝ ˇł¸=½ž²=·Ý ć³³ ˇ²=„г ˇłğł¸² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK OT
flÝÝ ˇł¸=½ž²=Íš¦ şŠ −¼=„г ˇłğł¸² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK OT
Ú− =ÈšþÐðş =ý− ¼ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK OT
ı ¹¸³ž=Ó¹−½Ć ×ğ Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK OU
ı¹¸³ž=½ −¼=ÍšÞ −Ć KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK OV
ËĆ ¹Ð− =ýšÞ−Ć KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK OV
ÓÝ¸ð½¹ˇ =Ò¼Þ½ş ýš¼³ž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK OV
È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס ¾ć Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PM
flÝÝ ˇł¸=³šÐ¹ ˙²= −Þ −ý ˙½ğ Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PM
flÝÝ ˇł¸=½ž²=È ˝³½ ˇ²=× −¼=„ý¾ ˇÞ ˝Žš½ˇÐ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PM
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=½ž²=ÍÞ¸ýž²=fl× − ¦¸ðš¼³ž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PM
Úˇ þÐÞş ýž³ž=½ğ Þ=ˡ ½ˇ₣𠹸³šğÞ=È˝³½ˇ²=
„ס¾ć Þ= KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PN
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=Î˚ˇ²=„ס ¾¸² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PN
Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=Èš×½− ýš¹šÐć Þ=³½Ð²=„ס¾˚²=ý− ¼ KKKKKKKKKKKKKK PN
fl Þ½Ðł¹ ˇ ¾¸=ˡ ½ˇ ₣𹸳šğ Þ=È ˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס ¾ć Þ=ýš½ ˇþĆ =
Ë˙ ¹½ˇ ²=pfj= ðˇ Ð=Ò¼³ð𼏲 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PN
„Ć ¹š³ž=ÌÞş ýˇ ½− ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PO
Ëݸ³ž=ˇ×ş =½ž=È˝³½ˇ=„ס¾ć Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PO
„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ =ˡ½ˇ₣𠹸³šğ Þ=½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=
„ס¾ć Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PO
fl ޽г½− ˝ ₣ž³ž=◊₣− ¼=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²=¸=sáÇÉç=`äáé=
Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²=³š=ð˙ ¦š=ˡ ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK PP
‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=ˡ½ˇ₣𠹸³šğ Þ=½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć Þ KKKKKK PP
‚Ðˇ₣š ˝ ¹Ð³ž=ˡ ½žł− ¹˝ˇ ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKPP
Ìý˙ Šš²=š×ˇ¾ć Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKPQ
ˡ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ÍÞ¸ýž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKPR
È˝ ³½ˇ =Úˇ₣ š˝ˇ ²=Ëݸ³ž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKPR
fl ×− ³½ − ݸ=ý ˝ˇ ²=ˡ ½ˇ ₣ć¹ž³ž²=È ˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć Þ KKKKKKKKPR
ȸРž=ý˝ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKPR
fl ×− ³½ − ݸ=ÍžÞ Ć ý ˇ ½− ²=Ù ğ Þž½Ðð −Ć = fl ×− ³× ˙ ³ýˇ ½− ²=¸=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=sáÇÉç=`äáé=ı ¹ž³Ðý−×−Ðć Þ½ˇ ²=ý˝ˇ =
‚ÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=ˇ×ş =½ž=È˝³½ˇ=„ס¾ć Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKPS
Ò¼ł₣ ¹− Þгýş ²=ˡ ½ˇ₣𠹸³šğ Þ=È˝ ³½ˇ²=„ס¾ć Þ=ýš=
ˇ ¼½˚ ²=×−¼=¼× ˙ ¹₣− ¼Þ=³½ − =fенЙкеЙн KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKPS
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKPT
ȸРž=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðć Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKPT
„łł ¹ˇ ¾¸=sáÇÉç=`äáéë KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKPU
Ë− ÐÞ˚ ²=Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=ł Ðˇ =½ž=Țн−¼¹ł˝ˇ =
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ð𸲠͞₣ˇ Þ¸²=ðˇ Ð=½ž=Țн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =
sáÇÉç KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKPU
Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQM
Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=‡ÐÞ½š−ð˙ ý𹎠² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQO
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQP
pjp KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQP
jjp KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQP
bã~áä KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQP
‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =Î˚− ¼=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQQ
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKQV
sçÇ~ÑçåÉ=äáîÉ> KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKRP
Óš¹Ð¸ł ž³ž=³š=ý˝ˇ =ÒšÝ˝Šˇ =t^m KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKRQ
Í− ¼³Ðð¸ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKRS
flÞ ˇ× ˇ¹ ˇłğł¸=Í −¼³Ð𸲠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKRS
Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKRU
Ù ğ½ −ł¹ ˇ ¾ ˝ š² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKRU
◊₣−Ð=C=Ë −¼Š −¼Þ ˝³ýˇ½ ˇ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKRV
sбЗЙзл KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKSM
¿ЭЭˇ =÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKSN
Ë− ÐÞ˙ =ÍšÞ−Ć =„×ÐÝ−łć Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKSN
Óˇ Ð₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł ˚ ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKSP
Ó¹ş ½¼×ˇ =Ëš˝ ýšÞˇ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKSQ
ˡ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ÍÞ¸ýž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKSQ
‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKSR
Óˇ Ð₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł ˚ ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKSR
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKST
qs=C=sáÇÉç KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKSV
fl½Ž ˚Þ½ ˇ=C=„¹ ł ˇÝš ˝ˇ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKTP
Âýš¹−ÝşłÐ− KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKTP
ϼ×Þž½¸¹Ðˇ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKTR
fl ¹Ð¦ý−ýž₣ ˇ Þ¸ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKTT
Â₣−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³ž=Ùğ Þ¸² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKTT
bJ_ççâ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKTU
ı ¹− Þ ş ýš½¹ − KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKTV
„¹łˇ³˝ š² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKTV
Óˇł ðş ³ýÐˇ =›¹ˇ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKUN
fl Þ½˝ ³½¹−¾ž=Í ˚ ½¹ž³ž KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKUN
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž=„þşŠğ Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKUO
‡− ¸¦šÐˇ =ڞݚ¾ć Þ− ¼ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKUO
Óš¹Ðš₣ş ýšÞˇ R
„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²=pfj KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK UP
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK UQ
Ó¹−¾˝ Ý KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK UQ
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=½ž²=̦ş Þž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKUT
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=◊₣− ¼ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKVM
Âýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ =C=›¹ˇ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKVM
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=·Ýć ³³ˇ ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK VN
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=Ëݸ³šğ Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK VN
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=Ëݸ³šğ Þ=sáÇÉç KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKVS
fl ³¾˙ ÝšÐˇ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK VT
„×ˇÞˇ¾− ¹˙ =Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šğ Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKVU
fl¹₣ š ˝−=Ëݸ³š ğÞ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK VV
Íš½¹ž½˚ ²=Ëݸ³šğ Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK VV
Íš½¹ž½¸²=‚šŠ−ý˚ Þğ Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK VV
Ëş ³½− ²=Ëݸ³šğÞ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NMM
Ò¼ÞŠš³Ðýş ½ž½ˇ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNMN
_дмЙнззнЬ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNMN
ЫЧ˚ ¹¼¦¹š² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NMP
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=‚Ðð½Ć− ¼ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNMQ
Țн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =³š=×½¸³ž KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NMR
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šР²=fенЙкеЙн KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNMR
Л˙ ¹½ˇ =ÍÞ¸ýž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NMS
ÒĆ ÞŠš³ž=½− ¼=TMPpe=ýš=½− Þ=Û×− Ý−ł г½¸=Òˇ ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNMU
fl ס н¸³šÐ²=Ò¼³½¸ýˇ½− ² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNMU
Íş Þ½šý=PdLdpj KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NMU
‚Ðˇ₣š ˝ ¹Ð³ž=ڞݚ¾ćÞ− ¼ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNMV
„ł ðˇ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=È−ł гýÐð−Ć KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNMV
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKNMV
fl Þ½Ðýš½ć×гž=Ó¹−Ł Ýžý˙½ğ Þ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NNM
Û×− Šš˝ þšÐ²=fl ³¾ˇ Ýš˝ˇ ²=ðˇ Ð=⁄¹− Ð=ı ¹¸³ž² KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NNO
ÌÔÌÁ=ı ФВТВТ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NNO
У„ФБ‡fl ИИМО KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NNR
УФМЩЫИfl Ï„ÁÒ=Òı „ÚÁËfl =Í„=ÚÂ=ı ÔÂÒÂ=Ò„=
Ìı ÂÍfl Úfl KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NNR
p^o KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NNR
УИВФМЩМФБ„Т=Тı „ÚÁËfl =Í„=ÚÂÎ=fl УМФФБˆВ=
„ПМУИБТНМЫ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NNS
УФМЩЫИfl Ï„ÁÒ=·Áfl=ıÔÂÒÂ=ÒÚÁÒ=ÂÓfl KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NNT
Úš₣ ÞÐð˙=ıˇ¹ˇ 𽞹г½Ðð˙ =ðˇ Ð=Ó¹−ˇ йš½Ðð˙=ˇ þš³−¼˙ ¹ KKKKK NNV
Úš₣ ÞÐð˙=ıˇ¹ˇ 𽞹г½Ðð˙ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NNV
Ó¹−ˇ йš½Ðð˙=ˇ þš³−¼˙ ¹ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NNV
„¼¹š½¸¹Ð− KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NOM
È˝ ³½ˇ =½ğ Þ=Țн− ¼¹ł Ðć Þ=ÍšÞ−Ć KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK NOO
SÓ š ¹ Ð š₣şýšÞˇ
Ú−=ÚžÝ˚¾ ğÞş=³ˇ²
Óˇ ¹ˇ ðˇ Ý−Ć ýšI=šÝ˚ł þ½š=×¹− ³šð½Ðð˙=½ˇ =ס¹ˇð˙½ğ K=Ú− =×ݸ¹š²=
ס ð˚ ½− =ס ¹˙ Š− ³ž²=½− ¼=½žÝš¾ć Þ− ¼=³ˇ ²=×¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =ך¹Ð˚₣ šÐ=½ˇ =
šþ¸²W
≥
ÚžÝ ˚¾ğÞ −=Pd=ErjqpFLdpj=VMMLNUMMLNVMMLdmop
≥
Í× ˇ½ ˇ ¹ ˝ˇ =Á şÞ½ ğÞ=ÈЦ ˝−¼
≥
Ë˙ ݼýýˇ =Íס ½ˇ ¹˝ˇ ²
≥
Ù −¹½Ð³½¸=šÞ ˇ ÝÝ ˇ ³³ şýšÞ − ¼=¹š Ć ýˇ ½ − ²=E^`F
≥
Ò½š¹š −¾ ğ ÞÐð ˙ =Ù −¹ž½ ˙= fl ð−¼³½Ðð ˙
≥
ÌŠž łş²=ı ¹¸³ž²
≥
·¹¸ ł−¹ −²=ÌŠž łş²=÷Þ ˇ ¹þž²
≥
`aJolj
≥
Ë ˙ ¹½ ˇ =ýÞ¸ýž²=ãáåápa ∑
Ú− =ÚžÝ˚ ¾ğÞş=³ˇ²T
ÏšðÐÞć Þ½ˇ²
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UÏ š ð Ð ÞćÞ½ˇ²
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NK flð− ¼³½Ððş
OK ÓÝ¸ð½¹ˇ =ÓÝ−¸ł ž³ž²=EÓÝ¸ð½¹ˇ =‡˚Ý− ¼²FW
a=b=c=d
ÓÝ¸ð½¹ˇ=Ł ˚Ý− ¼²
„×˙Þğ LË˙½ğ W=
fl ¹Ð³½š¹ ş=×ݸ𽹠− =
Ł˚Ý −¼²W=
‚šþ˝ =×ݸð½¹−=Ł˚Ý − ¼²W= „ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½− =ýžÞÐˇ˝−=¸=
PK ËšÞ½¹Ððş =×ݸð½¹− W„ ý ¾ˇÞ˝ŽšÐ=½−=ËùÐ−=ýšÞ−Ć=³½žÞ=
QK fl ¹Ð³½š¹ş =Óݸð½¹−=
„Ý˚ł₣− ¼W
A
RK Óݸð½¹−=fl ×− ³½− ݸ²L
„סÞ˙ ðÝž³ž²W
D
SK Óݸð½¹− =Ò¼Þ½şýš¼³ž²W
S
Íš½ˇ ðÐÞ−Ć Þ=½− =й−ý˚ˇ =łÐˇ =½−=
ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹Ð³ýˇ =šÞş ²=³½− Ð₣ š˝− ¼=½− ¼=
ýšÞ−Ć =ðÝ×K
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½Ð²=ðˇ½ˇ₣𹸳šÐ²=½ž²=
È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס ¾ć Þ=³½žÞ=ðˇ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=
ˇ Þˇ ý− Þ¸²K
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½ˇ =šÐ³š¹₣şýšÞˇ=
ýžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ =³½žÞ=ðˇ ½˙ ³½ˇ³ž=
ˇ Þˇ ý− Þ¸²K
šŁ Š− ýˇ ŠÐˇ˝ − =žýš¹− Ýşł Ð− =³½žÞ=
ðˇ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇ Þˇ ý− Þ¸²K
ðˇ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇ Þˇ ý− Þ¸²=ðˇ Ð=šð½šÝš˝=
½Ð²=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ š²K
„ð½šÝš˝ =½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =×− ¼=
šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ð˙½ğ =ˇ ¹Ð³½š¹˙ =³½žÞ=
− ¦ş ÞžK
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½− =ÍšÞ−Ć=ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ=
³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²K
Ó¹ˇłý ˇ½− ×− К˝ =¸=ˇ×− Š˚₣ 𽎠Ð=
ðݸ³šÐ²I=šý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −=
ðݸ³šğ Þ=³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=
ˇÞ ˇý− Þ¸²K
flÞ− ˝łšÐ=½ −=ýšÞ −Ć=³¼Þ½ −ýš óšğÞ=
ł Ðˇ =×¹ ş ³Ł ˇ³ž=³½Ð²=𾎹ý−ł ˚ ²=×−¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
TK Óݸð½¹− =½žÝš¾ğ Þž½¸WGÓÐ˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− =ł Ðˇ=
UK Óݸð½¹− =×− Ýݡ ×Ýć Þ=
ˇ Ýݡ łćÞW
P
VK ÍÐð¹ş¾ğÞ−
NMK ‡− ž¦ž½Ðð¸=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸=E„³ğ ½š¹Ðð¸=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ¾Ðð¸=
Íž₣ˇ Þ¸F
NNK ËĆ ¹Ðˇ =̦ş Þž
NOK ‚šþ˝ =Óݸð½¹− =„Ý˚ł₣− ¼W
C
NPK Óݸð½¹− =Úš¹ýˇ ½Ð³ý−Ć =
ðˇ Ð=„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž²L
fl ךޚ¹ł− × − ˝ ž³ž²W
F
NQK Óݸð½¹− =‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸²L
„×г½¹− ¾¸²W
U
NRK Óݸð½¹− =ý− ¼³Ðð¸²W
E
NSK ÓÝžð½¹−ÝşłÐ−
Þˇ =³¼ÞŠš¦š˝ ½š=ýš=½− =Ë˚ Þ½¹− =
ڞݚ¾ğ Þž½¸=Ešþˇ ¹½˙½ˇ Ð=ˇ×ş =½žÞ=
ð˙ ¹½ˇ =pfjFK
„Þˇ ÝÝ˙ ³³šÐ=½− Þ=½Ć×− =½ğ Þ=
₣ ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹 ğ Þ=ýš½ˇþ Ć =½š³³˙¹ ğ Þ=
š×ÐÝ−łć ÞW=^ÄÅI=^_`I=NOP=ðˇ Ð=~ÄÅ=
³½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=šÐ³ˇłğł ¸²=ðšÐý˚Þ− ¼K
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙³½ˇ ³ž=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²=
ł Ðˇ =Þ ˇ =šÐ³ ˙ ł š½š=mI=\I=¥=¸=
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− =
³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ=
ðÝšÐŠć ³š½š=½− =×Ýžð½¹−ÝşłÐ−K
„ð½šÝš˝ =½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=× − ¼=
šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ð˙½ğ =ŠšþÐ˙ =³½žÞ=− ¦ş ÞžK
ı ¹ž³Ðý−×− К ˝ ½ˇ Ð=łÐ ˇ =×¹ş³Ł ˇ ³ž=³½ −=
?sçÇ~ÑçåÉ=äáîÉ>?=ˇÞ− ˝ł−Þ½ ˇ ²=½− Ю=
ДкзплЙк=³½žЮ=рˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇÞˇý−Þ¸²K
Úš¹ýˇ½˝ ŽšÐ=ý˝ˇ =ðݸ³ž=ðˇ Ð=
šÞš¹ł− ×− К˝ Lˇ ךޚ¹ł− ×− К˝ =½− =
½žÝ˚¾ğ Þ− K
‚Ðˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ=½− ¼²=₣ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²=
ˇ ¹Ð³½š¹˙ =½−¼=й− ý ˚ˇ I=š×г½¹˚¾šÐ=
³½žÞ=×¹−žł−Ć ýšÞž=−¦ş ÞžI=ðÝ×K
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½− =ÍšÞ−Ć =Í− ¼³Ðð¸²=
³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²K
*
K
ÏšðÐÞć Þ½ˇ ²V
NTK Óݸð½¹− =@LÒÐğ מݺW R„ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=³¼ýŁşÝğ Þ=
³½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=šÐ³ˇłğł ¸²=ðšÐý˚Þ− ¼K
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− =ł Ðˇ=
šÞˇ Ýݡł ¸=½ğ Þ=łÝğ ³³ć Þ=³½žÞ=
− ¦ş Þž=šÐ³ˇ łğł ¸²=ðšÐý˚Þ − ¼K
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− =
³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²=ł Ðˇ=
šÞˇ Ýݡł ¸=ýš½ˇþĆ =½ğ Þ=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šğ Þ=
½− ¼=Ó¹− ¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=šÞš¹ł− ×− и¦žðš=
×Ð− =×¹ş ³¾ˇ½ˇ =ðˇ Ð=½− ¼=Ó¹−¾˝ Ý=
ÒÐğ מݺK
NUK Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸=E„þ𠽚¹Ðð¸=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ ˇÞ¸F
NVK „Þ³ğýˇ ½ğý˚ Þž=Ëš¹ˇ˝ˇ WÓ¹−šÐŠ−×−˝ž³žW=ÍžÞ=ðˇÝ Ć×½š½š=
½− =š×˙ Þğ =ý˚ ¹− ²=½− ¼=½žÝš¾ć Þ− ¼=
ýš=½−=₣˚ ¹Ð=³ˇ ²=ş½ˇ Þ=½−=
₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− К˝½š= ł Ðˇ ½ ˝ =ý× − ¹š˝ =Þ ˇ=
š×ž¹š˙ ³šÐ=½žÞ=ˇ×ş Š− ³ž=½ž²=
šÞ³ğýˇ ½ğý˚ Þž²=ðš¹ˇ˝ˇ ²K
OMK Ë˙ ݼýýˇ =Íס½ˇ¹˝ˇ²
ONK ÍÐð¹¸=ȼ₣Þ˝ˇ W ı ¹ž³Ðý−×− К˝½ˇ Ð=łÐˇ =½žÞ=˚ÞŠšÐþž=
¾ş ¹½Ð³ž²=ýס ½ˇ ¹˝ˇ ²I=½− =Ùğ ²=
Ò¼ýŁ˙ Þ½− ²=ðˇ Ð=½− =Ùğ ²=
ˡ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž²K
OOK „þ𠽚¹Ðð¸=̦ş Þž
OPK Â₣š˝ −
OQK Ë˙ ݼýýˇ =Û×−Š−₣ ¸²=Ë˙ ¹½ˇ ²=ÍÞ¸ýž²
ORK Óݸð½¹− =Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=
ýž₣ˇ Þ¸²W
Y
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− =ł Ðˇ=
Þˇ =šÞš¹ł− ×− и³š½š=½ž=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸K
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=ðˇ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=
šÐŠ−×−˝ ž³ž²=šÐ³š¹₣ş ýšÞž²=
ðݸ³ž²=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ˇ ס Þ½¸³š½š=³½žÞ=
ðݸ³žK
OSK Û×−Š−₣ ¸=Ò½š¹š−¾ğ ÞÐðć Þ=Ù− ¹ž½ć Þ=flð− ¼³½ÐðćÞ
OTK ÓÝš¼¹Ðð˙ =×Ý¸ð½¹ˇ
VLW
FW
E
Íš½ˇ ðÐÞš˝ =½− =ýˇ ¹ðˇ ¹Ð³ý˚Þ−=
³½−Ð₣š˝ − =š×˙Þğ =¸=ð˙½ğ K
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²=
¸=ðˇ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ=ý˝ˇ ²=ðݸ³ž²=łÐˇ =
ˇ¼þ¸³š½š=¸=Þˇ=ýšÐ ć³š½š=½žÞ=
˚Þ½ ˇ³ž=½ −¼= ˇð− ¼³½Ðð−Ć K
OUK Êùˇ =Û×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ ÞW Ò½˚ ÝÞšÐ=ðˇ Ð=ݡýŁ ˙ ÞšÐ=ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þˇ =
ý˚ ³ğ =¼×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ ÞK
OVK „þ𠽚¹Ðð¸=Û×−Š−₣ ¸W ı ¹ž³Ðý−×− К˝½ˇ Ð=łÐˇ =½ž=³ĆÞŠš³ž=
½− ¼=¾− ¹½Ð³½¸=¸=½− ¼=ðˇÝğ Š˝− ¼=
ý𽎾− ¹˙ ²=ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þğ Þ=rp_K
NM ÏšðÐÞć Þ½ˇ²
Ú− ×− ¦˚ ½ž³ž=½ž²=Ë˙ ¹½ˇ ²=pfj=ðˇ Ð=½ž²=Íס½ˇ¹˝ˇ²
NK
ÒĆ ¹š½š=ðˇ Ð=ˇ¾ˇÐ¹˚³š½š=½− =ð˙ ݼýýˇ =½ž²=ýס½ˇ¹˝ˇ ²=E FK
1
2
OK
ÒĆ ¹š½š=½žÞ=¼×− Š−₣ ¸=½ž²=ð˙ ¹½ˇ ²=pfj=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =þšðÝšÐŠć ³š½š=
EF K =flÞˇ³žðć³½š=ðˇ Ð=šÐ³˙łš½š=½žÞ=ð˙¹½ˇ =pfj=³½−=E FK=
Ò½ž=³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇ I=³Ć¹š½š=×˙ÝÐ=½žÞ=¼× −Š−₣¸=½ž²=ð˙ ¹½ˇ ²=pfj=
×¹− ²=½ˇ =×˝³ğ=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =ðÝšÐŠć ³š½š=E FK
Ë˙ ¹½ˇ =pfj
3
4
5
PK
˹ˇ ½¸³½š=½žÞ=ýס½ˇ¹˝ˇ=˚½³Ð=ć³½š=−Ð=ý𽎠ÝÝ Ðð˚²=š×ˇ¾˚ ²=½ž²=
ýס½ˇ¹˝ˇ ²=Þˇ=ð− н−Ć Þ=×¹− ²=½ˇ =ð˙½ğ I=³Ć ¹š½š=½− ¼²=− Šžł−Ć ²=
½− ¼=š×˙ Þğ =½ý¸ýˇ ½−²=½ž²=ýס½ˇ¹˝ˇ²=³½žÞ=¼× −Š−₣¸=
ýס½ˇ¹˝ˇ ²=E F=ðˇÐ=³½ž=³¼Þ˚₣šÐˇ=šÐ³˙ łš½š=½žÞ=ýס½ˇ¹˝ˇ=
EF K
7
7
6
QK
Ú− ×− ¦š½¸³½š=×˙ ÝÐ=½− =ð˙ ݼýýˇ =½ž²=ýס ½ˇ ¹˝ˇ²K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
‡šŁˇÐ 𠦚˝ ½š=ş½Ð=₣¹ž³Ðý−×−К˝½š=ý şÞ−Þ=ð˙¹½š²=pfj=½ğ Þ=PsK
≥
‡šŁˇÐ 𠦚˝ ½š=ş½Ð=₣¹ž³Ðý−×−К˝½š=½žÞ=ýס½ˇ¹˝ˇ=× −¼=
ך¹ÐݡýŁ ˙ Þš½ˇÐ=³½−=Ł ˇ³Ððş=šþ−×Ýгýş=EukJN_qTMFK
ÏšðÐÞ ć Þ½ ˇ²N N
fl¾ ˇ˝¹š³ž=½ž²=Ë ˙¹½ ˇ²=pfj=ð ˇÐ=½ž²=Íס½ ˇ¹ ˝ˇ²
NK
‡šŁˇÐ 𠦚˝ ½š=ş½Ð=½−=½žÝ˚¾ ğÞ−=š˝ÞˇÐ= šÞš¹ł− ×− Оý˚ Þ− =ðˇ Ð=ş½Ð=
− =¾− ¹½Ð³½¸²=ðˇ Ð=½ ˇ=˙ ÝÝ ˇ=ˇ þš³−¼˙¹=˚ ₣−¼Þ= ˇ ×− ³¼ÞŠš¦š ˝ K=
ÒĆ ¹š½š=ðˇ Ð=ˇ ¾ˇ й˚ ³š½š=½− =ð˙ ݼýýˇ =½ž²=ýס½ˇ¹˝ˇ²K
OK
fl Þˇ ³žðć³½š=½žÞ=ýס½ˇ ¹ ˝ˇ = ˇ×ş =½žÞ =× ¹ − šþ −₣ ¸=ð ˇ Ð= ˇ¾ˇ й˚ ³½š=
½žÞ=ˇ×ş =½− =½žÝ˚¾ğÞ− K
PK
ÒĆ ¹š½š=½žÞ=¼×−Š−₣ ¸=½ž²=ð˙ ¹½ˇ ²=pfj=łÐˇ =Þˇ =þšðÝšÐŠć ³š½š=
EF K =flÞˇ³žðć³½š=ð ˇÐ=ˇ¾ˇÐ¹˚ ³½š=½žÞ= ð˙¹½ˇ=pfj=E FK=Ò½ž=
³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇ I=³Ć¹š½š=×˙ ÝÐ=½žÞ=¼×−Š−₣ ¸=½ž²=ð˙ ¹½ˇ²=pfj=×¹− ²= ½ˇ=
×˝ ³ğ =ł Ðˇ=Þˇ =ðÝšÐŠć³š½š=E FK=
1
2
3
fl׺ ¹¹ÐĞ ž=½ž²=Íס½ ˇ¹ ˝ˇ²
Â=³¼³ðš¼¸=½¹−¾−Š− ½š˝½ˇ Ð=ˇ×ş =½žÞ=ýס½ˇ¹˝ˇ K=Óˇ¹ˇðˇÝ−ĆýšI=
ŠÐˇŁ ˙ ³½š=½ˇ =ס¹ˇð˙½ğ =³½− Ð₣ š˝ˇ =×− ¼=ˇ¾− ¹ −Ć Þ=³½žÞ=ˇ×ş ¹¹ÐĞ ž=
½ž²=ýס½ˇ¹˝ˇ ²=×¹− ðšÐý˚Þ− ¼=Þˇ =×¹− ³½ˇ½˚Ğ š½š=½− =ך¹ÐŁ˙ ÝÝ− ÞW
≥
Óˇ ¹ˇ Šć ³½š=ł Ðˇ =ˇ Þˇ ðĆ ðÝğ ³ž=½ž=ýš½ˇ₣ šÐ¹Ð³ý˚ Þž=ýס½ˇ¹˝ˇ=
³½− =ð˚ Þ½¹−=ˇ ×−ð− ýЊ¸²=ˇ×− ¹¹Ðýý˙½ğ Þ=½ž²=ך¹Ð−₣ ¸²=³ˇ ²I=
³½− =ðˇ½˙ ³½žýˇ=ˇł− ¹˙ ²=¸=³½− =ð˚ Þ½¹− =šþ¼×ž¹˚ ½ž³ž²=
ךݡ½ć ÞK
≥
ÍžÞ=šð¦˚ ½š½š=½žÞ=ýס½ˇ¹˝ˇ =³š=ˇÞ− Ðð½˚ ²=¾Ýşł š²I=ýžÞ=½žÞ=
ך½˙ ½š=ý˚³ˇ =³š=Þš¹ş =ðˇ Ð=ýžÞ=½žÞ=ˇ×− ¹¹˝ ×½š½š=³½ˇ =ð− ÐÞ˙=
− ÐðÐˇð˙ =ˇ × − ¹¹˝ýýˇ ½ˇ K
NO ÏšðÐÞć Þ½ˇ²
Ùş ¹½Ð³ž=½ž²=Íס ½ˇ ¹˝ˇ ²
Êˇ =×¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =¾− ¹½˝ ³š½š=½žÞ=ýס ½ˇ ¹˝ˇ =½− ¼Ý˙₣ г½− Þ=ł Ðˇ =NQM=
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ı ¹¸³ž=½−¼=Ù− ¹½Ð³½¸
NK
fl Þ− ˝ þ½š=½−=ð˙ݼýýˇ =½ž²=šþ𠽚¹Ðð¸²=¼× −Š−₣ ¸²=ð ˇ Ð=
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NK
fl×− ³¼ÞŠ˚³½š=½ −=¾ −¹½Ð³½¸= ˇ×ş =½žÞ=×¹ ˝Ž ˇ=ð ˇÐI=³½ž=³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇI=
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½žÝ˚¾ğ Þ− K
OK
ËÝš˝ ³½š=½− =ð˙ ݼýý ˇK
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ˇ ×− ½ ˚ Ýš³ýˇ =Þˇ =ˇ ð¼¹ğ¦š ˝ =ž=š łłĆ ž³žI=Šš ˝ ½š=?
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Ùş ¹½Ð³ž=ýš =ı¹¸³ž=½− ¼=Ù− ¹½Ð³½¸=fl ¼½−ðÐÞ¸½−¼
Ì=×¹−ˇ йš½Ððş ²=¾− ¹½Ð³½¸²=ˇ ¼½− ðÐÞ¸½− ¼=½¹−¾−Š− ½š˝ =½−=
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Óݸ¹ž²=¾ş ¹½Ð³ž=½ž²=ýס½ˇ¹˝ˇ²
Ò¼Þг½˙½ˇ Ð=¾ş ¹½Ð³ž=½ž²=ýס½ˇ¹˝ˇ²
fl ס Ð½š˝ ½ˇ Ð=¾ş¹½Ð³ž=½ž²=ý × ˇ ½ˇ ¹˝ˇ ²
¿ŠšÐˇ
Ú− ×− ¦˚ ½ž³ž=½ž²=Ë˙ ¹½ˇ ²=ÍÞ¸ýž²
NK
fl ךޚ¹ł− × −и³½š=½− =½žÝ˚¾ğ Þ − K
OK
fl Þ− ˝ þ½š= ½−=ð˙ ݼýý ˇ =¼× −Š−₣ ¸²=ð˙ ¹½ ˇ ²=ýÞ¸ýž²=ð ˇ Ð=
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PK
Ú− ×− ¦š½¸³½š=½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ ˇ=ýÞ¸ýž²=½šÝš˝ğ²=ý ˚³ˇ=³½žÞ=
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ðˇ ½šĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=ðˇ Ð=×Ýš¼¹˙ K
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ð˙ ¹½ˇ =ýÞ¸ýž²W
W„ý¾ˇÞ˝Žš½ˇÐ=ş½ ˇÞ=˚₣šÐ=½−×−¦š½ž¦š ˝=ž=ð˙¹½ˇK
W„ý¾ˇÞ˝Žš½ˇÐ=ş½ ˇÞ=ž=ð˙¹½ˇ=š˝ÞˇÐ=ðˇ½š³½¹ˇýý˚Þž=¸=ŠšÞ=
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W„ý¾ˇÞ˝Žš½ˇÐ=ş½ ˇÞ=ž=ð˙¹½ˇ=ŠÐˇý− ¹¾ć Þš½ˇÐK
fl ¾ˇ˝ ¹š³ž=½ž²=Ë˙ ¹½ˇ ²=ÍÞ¸ýž²
NK
fl Þ− ˝ þ½š=½−=ð˙ ݼýý ˇ =½ž²=¼× −Š−₣ ¸²=½ž²=ð ˙ ¹½ ˇ ²=ýÞ¸ýž²=ð ˇ Ð=
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fl ¾ˇ й˚ ³½š=½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ ˇ =ð ˇÐ=ðÝš˝ ³½š=½−=ð˙ݼýýˇ K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
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ˇ¾ ˇÐ¹ ˚³š½š=½žÞ=ð˙¹½ˇ=ýÞ¸ýž²K
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ÍžÞ=ˇ¾ˇ Ð¹š˝ ½š=½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇ=ýÞ¸ýž²=ş½ ˇÞ=ˇ¼½¸=ŠÐˇý− ¹¾ć Þš½ˇÐ=
¸=ş½ˇ Þ=šłł ¹˙ ¾− Þ½ˇ Ð=³D=ˇ ¼½¸=ŠšŠ−ý˚Þˇ K
NQ ÏšðÐÞć Þ½ˇ²
ÒĆ ÞŠš³ž=½ğ Þ=Ò½š¹š−¾ğ ÞÐðć Þ= Ù−¹ž½ć Þ=flð−¼³½ÐðćÞ
NK
fl Þ− ˝ þ½š=ðˇ Ð=ך¹Ð³½¹˚нš=½− =ð ˙ ݼ ýý ˇ=½ž²=¼×−Š−₣¸²=
³Ć ÞŠš³ž²=ýг¸=³½¹− ¾¸K
OK
Ò¼ÞŠ˚ ³½š=½ˇ=Ò½š¹š−¾ğ ÞÐð˙ =Ù−¹ž½˙=flð− ¼³½Ðð˙K
„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž=ðˇ Ð=fl ךޚ¹ł− ×−˝ž³ž=½− ¼=
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×Ð˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=½−=
„гˇłğł ¸=½− ¼=Ëğ ŠÐð−Ć =mfk
Íş Ýв=¦˚ ³š½š=½− =½žÝ˚¾ğ Þ− =³š=ݚн− ¼¹ł ˝ˇ =¦ˇ =³ˇ ²=Žž½ž¦š˝ =Þˇ=
šÐ³˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş=mfk=EmЙклзе~д=fЗЙенбСбЕ~нбзе=kмгДЙкF=рˇ Ð=
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šÞš¹ł− ×− и³šÐ=½Ð²=³₣ š½Ðð˚ ²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²K
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =ÔÁÎK
Ì=ðğ ŠÐðş ²=mfk=ˇ×− ½šÝš˝½ˇ Ð=ˇ×ş =Q=˚ğ ²=U=Ğ ž¾˝ˇK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
F
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NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl׺ =pfj=³š=Ò¼³ðš¼¸?K
ËÝš˝Šğ ýˇ =½− ¼=ÓÝžð½¹−Ý−ł˝ −¼
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ËÝš˝Šğ ýˇ =ÓÝžð½¹−Ý−ł˝−¼
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=½−= P=³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ³ž=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =þšðÝšÐŠć ³š½š=×Ð˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=½−= PK
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×Ýžð½¹−Ý−ł˝ − ¼K
ÏšðÐÞć Þ½ˇ ²N R
„ÞŠš˝ þšÐ²=−¦ş Þž²=EËĆ ¹Ðˇ =̦ş ÞžF
Óš¹Ð −₣ ¸=šÞŠš ˝þš ğÞ
fl¹Ð³½š¹ ş=×ݸ𽹠−=
šÝ˚ ł₣− ¼
NK L W Á³₣Ć ²=ݡýŁ ˇÞş ýšÞ− ¼=³¸ýˇ½− ²L„ð½ş ²=
ËšÞ½¹Ððş=
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šýŁ˚ ÝšÐˇ ²=½− ¼=ŠÐð½Ć− ¼
WPd=ErjqpFLdmop
W dpjLdmop
WÓš¹Ðˇłğł¸=šð½ş²=½−¼=ŠÐð½Ć−¼
‚šþ˝ =×ݸð½¹−=
šÝ˚ł₣− ¼
OK W ÷ð½ş ²=ŠÐð½Ć− ¼
PK W fl Þ½ˇ Ýݡł ¸=ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þğ Þ=ýš=šþ𠽚¹Ðð¸=³¼³ðš¼¸
QK L W ÒĆ ÞŠš³ž=ýš=½− =ŠÐˇð− ýг½¸=x×¹ˇłý ˇ½− ×− и¦žðšL
RK L W Ëݸ³ž=Ùğ Þ¸²=xšÐ³š¹₣ş ýšÞžL³š=šþ˚ ÝÐþžz
SK L L W Țн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =š×Ðð− ÐÞğÞ˝ˇ ²=ðݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç=
TK L W „Њ−×− и³šÐ²=xł¹ˇ ×½ş =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ=ðˇÐ=ý¸Þ¼ýˇ=
UK W ÌÐ=šð½¹−×˚ ²=?Ùğ Þž½K=Ëݸ³šÐ²?=˚₣− ¼Þ=− ¹Ð³½š˝=
VK L L W fl ¼½şýˇ ½š²=šÐŠ−×− и³šÐ²=t^mLlq^=xšÐŠ−×−˝ ž³ž=
NMK W Ë˙ ¹½ˇ =ýÞ¸ýž²=½−×−¦š½¸¦žðš
N N K LLLLW
NOK L W „¾ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸=g~î~∑ =xšð½šÝš˝½ˇ Ð=E˚ł₣ ¹ğ ý− FL³š=
NPK W „ý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ý˝ˇ =ˇ ³¾ˇ ݸ²=³šÝ˝Šˇ =t^m
š×Ðð− ÐÞğ Þš˝z
šÞš¹ł− ×− Оý˚ Þž=x¾ğ Þ¸=ðˇ Р=обЗЙзL¾ğ Ю¸LобЗЙзz
×− ݼý˚ ³ğ ÞLbã~áäz
³š=?Ó˙ Þ½ˇ?
t^mLˇ ¼½şýˇ ½ž=šÐŠ−×−˝ ž³ž=lq^Lˇ ¼½şýˇ ½š²=
šÐŠ−×− и³šÐ²=t^m=ðˇ Ð=lq^z
ˡ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=³Ć ÞŠš³ž²
xˡÝć ŠÐ− =rp_Lfl Þ½ˇ Ýݡł ¸=×Ýž¹−¾− ¹Ðć Þ=ýš=
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š×Ðð− ÐÞğÞ ˝ˇ =ýš=½−=ˇ ð− ¼³½Ððş =_дмЙнззнЬzz
ˇ Þˇ ³½−ݸ=Eł ð¹ÐFz
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NS ÏšðÐÞć Þ½ˇ²
N Q K LLLLW
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=³Ðğ מÝ−Ć LŠş Þž³ž²=x³Ðğ מݺLˇ Ć þž³ž=
˚ Þ½ˇ ³ž²LŠşÞž³ž=šÞš¹ł− ×− Оý ˚ ÞžL³Ðğמݺ =ð ˇ Ð=
Šş Þž³ž=šÞš¹ł− ×− Оý˚Þž=LˇĆþž³ž= ˚Þ½ˇ³ž²=ðˇÐ=
Šş Þž³ž=šÞš¹ł− ×− Оý˚Þžz
N R K LLWÈ š Ð ½−¼¹ł˝ˇ=ž ₣š˝ −¼=xž₣š˝ −=½žÝš¾ćÞ−¼Lž₣š˝ −=
šÞš¹łş L³˝ł ˇ ³ž=ýÐð¹−¾ćÞ− ¼z
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Ú¹˚₣− Þ=×¹−¾˝ Ý=xˡ Þ− ÞÐðş LÒ¼Þ˙ Þ½ž³žL
‚¹ˇ ³½ž¹Ðş ½ž½ˇLfl ¼½−ð˝ Þž½−Lfl ð− ¼³½ÐðşL
ÒÐğ מݺz
NTK W „×˝ ךŠ− =Íס½ˇ¹˝ˇ²
NUK W ˡ ¦žýš¹ÐÞş =þ¼×Þž½¸¹Ð=šÞš¹łş
NVK L W ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=₣¹−Þ− ŠÐˇł¹ ˙ ýýˇ½− ²=šÞš¹ł ¸=xýšL
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ONK W „Њ−×−˝ ž³ž=ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=½žÝš¾ğ Þž½¸
OOK W ËÝš˝Šğ ýˇ =½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=šÞš¹łş
OPK W ËÝš˝Šğ ýˇ =×Ýžð½¹−Ý−ł˝ − ¼=šÞš¹łş
OQK LEðšÞş FW ÔĆ ¦ýгž=¼×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ Þ=xšÞš¹łşLýž=šÞš¹łş z
ORK W Â=fl׺ ¹¹ž½ž=ݚн−¼¹ł˝ˇ =˚ ₣ šÐ=¹¼¦ýг½š˝=³š=
?„Þš¹łş ?
„ÞŠš˝ þšÐ²=−¦ş Þž²=E„þ𠽚¹Ðð¸=̦ş ÞžF
„ÞŠš˝ þšÐ²=ˡ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž²
NK W „×˝ ךŠ−=Íס½ˇ¹˝ˇ²
OK L W=
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šýŁ˚ ÝšÐˇ ²=½− ¼=ŠÐð½Ć− ¼
PK W flÞˇ×˙ Þ½ž½ž=ðݸ³ž
QK W „гš¹₣ş ýšÞž=ðݸ³ž=¾ğ Þ¸²
RK W „гš¹₣ş эšЮž=рЭ¸³ž=обЗЙз
SK W Ëݸ³ž=³š=šþ˚ ÝÐþž
TK L L W„Њ−×− и³šÐ²=xýžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ Lˇ Þˇ ¾−¹˙ =ס ¹˙ Š− ³ž²L
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UK= W Ûמ¹š³˝ˇ =t^m=mìëÜ
VK W ˡ ¦žýš¹ÐÞş =þ¼×Þž½¸¹Ð=šÞš¹łş
ÏšðÐÞć Þ½ˇ ²N T
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×ݸð½¹− =šÝ˚ł₣− ¼=š˙ Þ=ˇ ¼½ş =šý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½žÞ=˚ ÞŠšÐþž=
ðÝš˝ ³š½š=½− =ËĆ ¹Ð− =ýšÞ−Ć I=×Ð˚ ³½š=½− =Ššþ˝ =×ݸð½¹− =šÝ˚ł₣− ¼=š˙ Þ=
ˇ ¼½ş=šý¾ ˇ Þ˝ ŽšÐ=½žÞ=˚ ÞŠšÐþž=
Ë˙ ¦š=šÞş ½ž½ˇ =³š=ˇ ¼½ş =½− Þ=− Šžłş =₣ ¹¸³ž²=þšðÐÞ˙ =ýš=ý˝ˇ=Ý˝ ³½ˇ =
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š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=×¹ÐÞ=šð½šÝ˚ ³š½š=½ž=ŠÐˇ ŠÐðˇ³˝ˇ=×− ¼=ך¹Ðł¹˙ ¾š½ˇ ÐK=
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=ð˙ ¦š=³½−Ð₣š˝ −=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ˇ ×−ðˇ ÝĆĞ š½š=½žÞ=š×ş ýšÞž=
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³½−Ð₣š˝ˇ =×− ¼=ס¹− ¼³Ð˙Ž− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½žÞ=ðĆ ¹Ðˇ =šÞş ½ž½ˇK
Óˇ ¹˙ ŠšÐł ýˇ W
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K=·Ðˇ =Þˇ=
NU Țн− ¼¹ł˝š²=ÓÝ −¸łž³ž²
Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=Ùğ Þž½Ðð¸²=Ëݸ³ž²LËݸ³ž²=
sáÇÉç
Ó¹ˇłý ˇ½− ×− ˝ ž³ž=ý˝ˇ²=Ùğ Þž½Ðð¸²=Ëݸ³ž²
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =ך¹Ð−₣ ¸²=ðˇÐ=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş=½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=
×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =ðˇ Ý˚ ³š½š=ðˇ Ð=×Ð˚ ³½š=
„˙ Þ=×Ýžð½¹− Ý−ł ¸³š½š=ÝˇÞ¦ˇ³ý˚Þ− =ˇ¹Ð¦ýşI=×Ð ˚³½š= U=ł Ðˇ =
Þˇ =ŠÐˇł ¹˙Ğ š½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =ˇ ¹Ð³½š¹˙ =ˇ ׺ =½− =й− ý˚ˇ K
Ëݸ³šÐ²=÷ð½ˇ ð½ž²=flÞ˙ł ðž²
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =NNO=EŠÐš¦Þ¸²=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş ²=˚ ð½ˇ ð½ž²=
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šýŁ˚ ÝšÐˇ ²=šÞş²=ŠÐð½Ć− ¼=PdLdpjK
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NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ½¸³½š=½−= Q=ý˚₣ ¹Ð=Þˇ =šý¾ˇ Þг½š˝=˚Þˇ = +=
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OK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş=₣㹎 ²I=ˇð− Ý− ¼¦−Ć ýšÞ −=ˇ ׺ =½− Þ=
ðğ ŠÐðş =ך¹Ð−₣ ¸²=E₣ğ ¹˝ ²=½− =ˇ ¹₣ Ððş=ýžŠ˚ ÞF=ðˇ Ð=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş=
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NK
fl ¾−Ć =×Ýžð½¹ − Ý −ł¸³š½š=½− Þ=ˇ¹Ð¦ý ş =½žÝš¾ć Þ− ¼I=×Ð˚ ³½š=
x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×− ¦¸ðK=fl ¹Ð¦ý−Ć ?K
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½ž=ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=Þ˚ˇ ²=
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ˡ Ý−Ć ýšÞ− ¼=Ò¼ÞŠ¹− ýž½¸
NK
Íš½˙ =½žÞ=×Ýž ð½¹ −Ýşł ž³ž=šÞş ²= ˇ¹Ð¦ý−Ć =½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼I= ×Ð˚ ³½š=
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³šÝ˝Šˇ PRK
NK
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NK
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OK
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NK
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ÓÐ˚ ³½š=F=ş ½ˇ Þ=½− =½žÝ˚¾ğ Þ− =ð−¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ŽšÐ=łÐˇ =Þˇ=
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OM Țн− ¼¹ł˝š²=Ù ğÞž½Ðð¸²=Ëݸ³ž²LËݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç
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ˡ ½˙ =½ž=Š Ð˙¹ðšÐˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=ðݸ³ž²=×Ð˚³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
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NK
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=Š Ð˙¹ðšÐˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=ðݸ³ž²I=×Ð ˚³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
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OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ëݸ³ž=Î˚− ¼=fl ¹Ð¦K?K
PK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =ðˇÝ˚³š½š=
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NK
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flÞ ˇý− Þ¸ =Ëݸ³šğÞ
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NK
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ˇÞ ˇý− Þ¸K
NK
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OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ò¼ÞŠÐ˙ ³ðK=⁄Ý− Ð?=łÐˇ =Þˇ =³¼ýýš½˙ ³₣š½š=³½žÞ=ðݸ³ž=
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PK
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NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ëݸ ³ž=Î˚− ¼=fl ¹Ð¦K?K
OK
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OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Úš¹ýˇ½K=Ëݸ³ž²?K
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NK
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OK
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RK
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NK
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„Þš¹ł− ×− и³½š=½− =ž₣š˝ − =¸=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×− и³½š=˚Þˇ =Òš½=
Ò½š¹š−¾ğ ÞÐðćÞ=Ù−¹ž½ćÞ=flð− ¼³½Ððć Þ=×− ¼=ŠÐˇ¦˚ ½šÐ=ŠÐˇ ðş ×½ž=
¸=˚Þˇ =ðÐ ½=¾− ¹ž½ć Þ=ˇ ð− ¼³½Ððć Þ=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ý×−¹š˝½š=Þˇ=ýÐ Ý ˙½š=šÞ ć=
ð− н˙ ½š=³½žÞ=−¦şЮž=½ž²=рЭ¸³ž²=обЗЙз=½ž²=рĆ¹Ðˇ²= −¦şÞž²K
O
P
N
„ÞŠš˝ þšÐ²=ˡ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž²
NK ‡− ž¦ž½Ðð¸=−¦ş Þž=łÐˇ=½žÞ=šÐðşÞ ˇ=³ˇ²
OK ı¹ş Þ− ²=×− ¼=˚₣ šÐ=ס¹˚ ݦšÐ
PK ËĆ ¹Ðˇ=− ¦ş Þž=ł Ðˇ =½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=½− ¼=³¼Þ− ýÐÝ−Ć Þ½ˇ
QK ⁄Þ− ýˇ =ðˇÝ−Ć ýšÞ− ¼=¸=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş ²=½žÝš¾ćÞ−¼
Q
Ó¹ˇłý ˇ½−×−˝ ž³ž=ý˝ˇ ²=Ëݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =ך¹Ð−₣¸²=ðˇ Ð=½− Þ=½žÝš¾ğ ÞÐðş=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş=
×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =ðˇÝ˚ ³š½šK=
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ëݸ³ž=sáÇÉç?=¸=×Ð˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=
ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚ Þç=½−=
„˙ Þ=×Ýžð½¹− Ý−ł ¸³š½š=ݡ Þ¦ˇ ³ý˚Þ− =ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş I=×Ð˚ ³½š=U=ł Ðˇ =
Þˇ =ŠÐˇł ¹˙Ğ š½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =ˇ ¹Ð³½š¹˙ =ˇ ׺ =½− =й− ý˚ˇ K
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=ł ˝ ÞšÐ=ž=³ĆÞŠš³ž=½ž²=ł¹ˇ ýý¸²I=ž=šÐð şÞˇ =½ − ¼=
ðˇ Ý−Ć ýšÞ− ¼=³¼Þй− ýž½¸=šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=³½− =š× ˙Þğ =ý˚¹− ²=½ž²=
− ¦ş Þž²=ðˇÐ=ž=ŠÐð¸=³ˇ ²=³½žÞ=ð ˙½ğ = ˇ ¹Ð³½š¹¸=×Ýš¼¹ ˙K
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
„˙ Þ=−=ðˇÝ−ĆýšÞ− ²=³¼Þй− ýž½¸²=ŠšÞ=˚₣šÐ=šÞš¹ł− ×− и³šÐ=³½−=
½žÝ˚¾ğ Þş =½− ¼=½ž=ݚн−¼¹ł˝ˇ=рЭ¸³ž²=обЗЙзI=эЧ− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=
×Ð˚ ³š½š=½−=
ł Ðˇ =Þ ˇ =×¹ ˇ ł ýˇ ½ − ×− и³š½š=ý ˝ˇ =¾ ğ Þž½Ðð¸=ðݸ³žK
≥
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=½š¹ýˇ ½Ð³½š˝ =ž=ðݸ³ž=šý¾ˇ Þ˝ Žš½ ˇ Ð=½ − =ð ş ³½ − ²=½ž²=
½šÝ𼽎˝ˇ ²=ðݸ³ž²K
F
=ðˇ Ð=Þˇ =šÐ³˙ł š½š=×˙ ÝÐ=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =½žÝš¾ćÞ−¼=
D
= ł Ð ˇ=Þ ˇ=ð ˇÝ ˚ ³š½šK
fl× ˙Þ½ž³ž=³š=ý ˝ˇ=Ëݸ³ž=sáÇÉç
Íş Ýв=ˇ ÞÐ₣ ÞšĆ ³šÐ=ý˝ˇ =šÐ³š¹₣ş ýšÞž=ðݸ³žI=½− =½žÝ˚ ¾ğ Þ− =ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ŽšÐK
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=D=ł Ðˇ=Юˇ=ˇЧˇЮ½¸ ³š½š=³½žЮ=рЭ¸³ž=эš=обЗЙз= ¸=ЧР˚ ³½š=
x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl׺ ð¹¼Ğ ž=¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ¾˝ˇ²?=łÐ ˇ=Þˇ=
ˇ ס Þ½¸³š½š=ýşÞ− =ýš=¾ ğÞ¸K
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=½š¹ýˇ ½Ð³½š ˝ =ž=ðݸ³žI=³½žÞ= −¦ş Þž=šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ ˇ Ð=½ − =ð ş ³½ − ²=
½ž²=ðݸ³ž²K
≥
„˙ Þ=˚₣ š½š=šłł¹ˇ ¾š˝ =³½žÞ=¼×ž¹š³˝ˇ=fl Þˇł Þć ¹Ð³ž²=Ëݸ³ž²=
E`ifF=ðˇ Ð=½− =Š˝ð½¼− =½− ¼=ðˇÝ −Ć Þ½− ²=ýš½ˇŠ˝ ŠšÐ=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş=
½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼I=½ş ½š=−=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş ²=½− ¼=ðˇÝ −Ć Þ½− ²=¦ˇ =šý¾ˇ Þг½š˝=
³½žÞ=−¦şÞžK=„˙ Þ=−=ˇ¹Ð¦ýş²=ðˇ Ð= ½−=şÞ−ýˇ =½−¼=ðˇÝ −ĆÞ½−²=š˝ÞˇÐ=
ˇ ×− ¦žðš¼ý ˚ Þˇ =³½ž=È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס ¾ć ÞI=½ ş ½š=³½žÞ= − ¦ şÞž=½− ¼=
½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=¦ˇ =šý¾ˇ Þг½š˝=½−=şÞ−ý ˇ=½−¼=ð ˇÝ−Ć Þ½− ²K
Țн − ¼¹ ł˝ š²=Ù ğ Þž½Ðð¸²=Ëݸ³ž²LËݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç OP
fl׺ ¹¹ÐĞ ž=„гš¹₣ş ýšÞž²=Ëݸ³ž²
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=F=ş ½ˇ Þ=½− =½žÝ˚¾ğ Þ− =ð−¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ŽšÐ=łÐˇ =Þˇ =
ˇ×− ¹¹ ˝Ğš½š=ý ˝ˇ=ðݸ³ž=½žÞ=−×−˝ˇ =ŠšÞ=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ=
ˇ× ˇÞ½¸³š½šK
„Þžý˚¹ğ ³ž=½− ¼=ˡÝ−ĆÞ½− ²=ş ½Ð=‚šÞ =š˝³½š=‚Ðˇ¦˚ ³Ðý−²
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xflס³₣ Kz=ş ½ˇ Þ=½− =½ žÝ ˚¾ğ Þ− =ð−¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ŽšÐ=łÐˇ =Þˇ =
³½š˝ Ýš½š=˚Þˇ Þ=½şÞ−=ˇ ס³₣− Ýžý˚ Þ− ¼=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =šÞžýš¹ć ³š½š=
½− Þ=ðˇ Ý−ĆÞ½ˇ=ş ½Ð=ŠšÞ=ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ˇ×ˇÞ½¸³š ½š=³½žÞ=ðݸ³žK
ÍšÞ−Ć =Ëݸ³šğ Þ=EËݸ³ž=sáÇÉçF
Ò˝ł ˇ ³ž=½− ¼=ÍÐð¹−¾ćÞ− ¼
NK
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=рЭ¸³ž²=обЗЙз=ЧР˚ ³½š=xÒÐğ מݺ zK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½š=×˙ ÝÐ=½−=ýÐð¹ş¾ğÞ− I=×Ð˚ ³½š=xÍž=
ÒÐğ ×KzK
„Þˇ Ýݡł ¸=„ÐðşÞğÞ
Í× −¹š ˝ ½š=Þ ˇ =šÞ ˇ ÝÝ ˙ ³³š½š=½Ð²=šÐð şÞš²= ˇ×ş=½žÞ=ð Ć ¹Ð ˇ =ð ˇ Ð=½ž=
Ł−ž¦ž½Ðð¸= −¦ şÞžK
NK
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=рЭ¸³ž²=обЗЙз=ЧР˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þˇ Ýݡł ¸=šÐðşÞğ Þ?K
fl Ýݡ ł¸=½ž²=„Ððş Þˇ ²=³ ˇ ²
NK
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=рЭ¸³ž²=обЗЙз=ЧР˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ùğ½− K=ˇ×ş=Ùğ½− K=jž₣ K?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„³ğ ½K=Ùğ ½K=Íž₣ K?I=?„þğ ½K=Ùğ ½K=Íž₣K?=¸=
?„Þˇ Ýݡ ð½Ðð¸=„ÐðşÞˇ ?K
?„³ğ ½K=Ùğ ½K=Íž₣ K?W Â=šÐðşÞˇ =ˇ ׺ =½ž=Ł− ž¦ž½Ðð¸=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸=šý¾ˇ Þ˝ Žš½ˇÐ=
ðˇ Ð=³½˚ ÝÞš½ˇ Ð=³½− =³¼Þ− ýÐÝž½¸K
?„þğ ½K=Ùğ ½K=Íž₣ K?W Â=šÐðşÞˇ =ˇ ׺ =½žÞ=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=
?„Þˇ Ýݡ ð½Ðð¸=„ÐðşÞˇ ?W Â=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=ýž₣ˇÞ¸=
„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž=ðˇ Ð=fl ךޚ¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž=½− ¼=Íšłˇ ¾ć Þ− ¼
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ýÐݸ³š½š=ˇ×ş =½− =ýšł ˙¾ğ Þ− =×− ¼=ٹ˝ ³ð𽎠Ð=³½−=
ð˙ ݼýýˇ =ך¹ÐŁ Ý¸ýˇ ½− ²=½− ¼=½žÝš¾ć Þ−¼=ş½ˇ Þ=ˇ¼½ş=š ˝ÞˇÐ=ˇÞ−Ðð½şK
NK
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙¹рšРˇ=э˝ˇ²=рЭ¸³ž²=обЗЙз=ЧР˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Í š ł˙¾ğ Þ−=„Þš¹łş ?K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Òš=¦− ¹¼Łć Šš²=ך¹ÐŁ˙ ÝÝ− ÞI=˝³ğ ²=Þˇ =ýžÞ=ý×−¹˚ ³š½š=Þˇ=
³¼Þš₣˝ ³š½š=ýÐˇ =ðݸ³ž=¸=Þˇ =×¹ˇłý ˇ½− ×− и³š½š=ýÐˇ =ðݸ³ž=ýš=
ðˇ ݸ=ˇ ð¹şˇ ³žK=Ò¼Þг½−Ć ýš=Þˇ =₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− К˝ ½š=½ˇ =
Ò½š¹š−¾ğ ÞÐð˙ =Ù− ¹ž½˙=flð− ¼³½Ðð˙K
≥
Íš= ˇ¼½¸=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ −ł ¸=ý× − ¹š ˝=Þ ˇ=¼× ˙¹þ − ¼Þ=ŠÐ ˇð− × ˚ ²=š ˙ Þ=
ˇ¼þ¸³š½š=½žÞ=˚Þ½ˇ³ž=½− ¼=ˇð− ¼³½Ðð−Ć K=Ò¼Þг½−Ć ýš=Þˇ=
ýšÐć ³š½š=½žÞ=˚ Þ½ˇ ³ž=½− ¼=ˇð− ¼³½Ðð−Ć =¸=Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×− и³š½š=
½ˇ =Ò½š¹š− ¾ğ ÞÐð˙ =Ù− ¹ž½˙=flð− ¼³½Ðð˙K
ýž₣ˇ Þ¸=šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ðˇ Ð=³½˚ ÝÞš½ˇ Ð=
³½− =³¼Þ− ýÐÝž½¸K
ˇ ךޚ¹ł−× −К ˝ ½ ˇ Ð=ð ˇ Ð=
₣¹ž³Ðý −× −К ˝½ ˇÐ=ž=šÐð şÞˇ =× −¼=
š×ÐÝ˚þˇ ½š=ýš=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=
?„Þˇ Ýݡ ð½Ðð¸=„ÐðşÞˇ ?=¸=?Ô¼¦ýK=
Ëݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç?K
OQ Țн− ¼¹ł˝š²=Ù ğÞž½Ðð¸²=Ëݸ³ž²LËݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=Ëݸ³šğ Þ=sáÇÉç
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=½ ž ²=Ó−Ðş ½ž½ˇ ²=½ž²=„гš¹₣ş ýšÞž²=¸=½ž²=„þš¹₣ş ýšÞž²=
„ÐðşÞˇ ²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½š=½žÞ=×−Ðş ½ž½ˇ =½ž²=šÐðşÞˇ ²=½− ¼=ðˇÝ −Ć Þ½ˇ=
¸=½− ¼=ðˇÝ −Ć ýšÞ− ¼K
NK
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=Š Ð˙¹ðšÐˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=рЭ¸³ž²=обЗЙз=ЧР˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ô¼¦ýK=Ëݸ³ž²=sáÇÉ ç?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó−Ðş ½ž½ˇ =šÐ³š¹₣ K=¾ğ½−ł ¹K?=¸=?Ó−Ðş ½ž½ˇ =šþš¹₣K=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹K?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ˡÞ− ÞÐð¸?I=?Ó− Ðş ½ž½ˇ =„Ððş ÞK?=¸=?·¹¸ł−¹ˇ =ˡ ¹˚?K
?ˡÞ− ÞÐð¸?W= ı ¹ž³Ðý−×− К˝½ˇ Ð=ž=ðˇÞ− ÞÐð¸=
?Ó−Ðş ½ž½ˇ =„Ððş ÞK?W Â=×−Ðş½ž½ˇ =½− ¼=¾ˇð −Ć =˚₣ šÐ=
?·¹¸ł− ¹ˇ =ˡ ¹˚ ?W Ì=¹¼¦ýş ²=ˇ Þˇ Þ˚ğ ³ž²=½ğ Þ=ðˇ ¹˚ =
„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž=¸=fl ךޚ¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž=Ùğ ½Ð³ý−Ć
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =šÞš¹ł− ×− и³š½š=¸=Þˇ=ˇ ךޚ¹ł− ×− и³š½š=½− =
¾ğ ½Ð³ýş =½ž²=− ¦ş Þž²=³ˇ ²K
NK
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=Š Ð˙¹ðšÐˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=рЭ¸³ž²=обЗЙз=ЧР˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ô¼¦ýK=Ëݸ³ž²=sáÇÉ ç?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ùğ ½Ð³ýş ²?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=ˇ×ş =?Ó˙ Þ½ˇ=ˇÞ−Ðð½ş ²?I=?Ó˙ Þ½ˇ =ðݚг½ş ²?=¸=?˜²=
ˡ Þ− ÞK=ÔƦýK?K
„˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?Ó˙ Þ½ˇ =ˇ Þ− Ðð½ş ²?I=− =¾ğ ½Ð³ýş ²=½ž²=− ¦ş Þž²=
¦ˇ =š˝ Þˇ Ð=×˙ Þ½ˇ =šÞš¹łş²=ð ˇ ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ýÐˇ ²=рЭ¸³ž²=обЗЙзK
×− Ðş ½ž½ˇ K
×¹− ½š¹ˇÐş ½ž½ˇ=˚Þˇ Þ½Ð=½− ¼=¹¼¦ý−Ć =
ˇÞ ˇÞ ˚ğ³ž²=½ ğÞ=ð ˇ¹ ˚K
˚₣šÐ=×¹ −½š¹ ˇÐş ½ž½ ˇ= ˚Þ ˇÞ½Ð=½ž²=
×− Ðş ½ž½ˇ ²K
„˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?˜²=ˡ Þ− ÞK=ÔĆ ¦ýK?I=½ş ½š=− =¾ğ ½Ð³ýş ²=¦ˇ =
³Ł ¸³šÐ=ˇ Þ˙ Ý−ł ˇ =ýš=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=×− ¼=˚₣− ¼Þ=ł˝ ÞšÐ=ł Ðˇ =½− =
Ùğ ½Ð³ýş =E³šÝK UVFK
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=½ž²=÷𦚳ž²=sáÇÉç
NK
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=рЭ¸³ž²= обЗЙз=ЧР˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ô¼¦ýK=Ëݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?÷𦚳ž?K
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=a=EÙ𠽚ÐÞş F=¸=b=EÒð−Ć ¹− FK
ˡ ½− ×½¹Ðð¸=„ÐðşÞˇ
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ýÐˇ ²=рЭ¸³ž²=обЗЙзI=эЧ− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ˇÞˇ ³½¹˚Ğ š½š=
½žÞ=šÐðşÞˇ =³ˇ ²=³½ž=Ł− ž¦ž½Ðð¸=−¦ş ÞžK
NK
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=рЭ¸³ž²= обЗЙз=ЧР˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ô¼¦ýK=Ëݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ˡ½− ×½¹Ðð¸=šÐðş Þˇ ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
fl Ýݡ ł¸=½ž²=„Ððş Þˇ²=‡−ž¦ž½Ðð¸²=Ì ¦ ş Þž²=³š=„ÞˇÝݡ ð½Ðð¸=
„ÐðşÞˇ
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ýÐˇ ²=рЭ¸³ž²=обЗЙзI=эЧ− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =šÞˇ ÝÝ˙ ³³š½š=
½žÞ=šÐðşÞˇ =×−¼=šý¾ˇÞ˝Žš½ˇÐ=³½ −Þ=ðˇÝ −ĆÞ½ˇ=ýš½ˇþ Ć=½ž²=šÐðşÞˇ ²=
½ž²=š³ğ ½š¹Ðð¸²=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=ýž₣ˇÞ¸²=ðˇÐ==ý ˝ˇ²=šÞˇ Ýݡ ð½Ðð¸²=
šÐðşÞˇ ²=šÞć=Ł˙ Žš½š=ýÐˇ =ðݸ³ž=³š=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸I=ˇ×ş =½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ =½ğ Þ=
ˇ ×− ¦žðš¼ý ˚ Þğ Þ=šÐð ş Þ ğ ÞK
NK
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=рЭ¸³ž²= обЗЙз=ЧР˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ô¼¦ýK=Ëݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þˇ Ýݡ ð½Ðð¸=„ÐðşÞˇ ?=¸=?Ùğ½−ł ¹K=flÞˇý− Þ¸²?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ¹¼¦ýK=Ùğ½−ł ¹K?=¸=?ÌÐ=Ùğ½−ł ¹K=Í− ¼?K
Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=Ùğ Þž½Ðð¸²=Ëݸ³ž²LËݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç OR
„гˇłğł ¸=ıˇ ¹ˇ 𽸹ğ Þ
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =šÐ³˙ł š½š=₣ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²=ş½ˇ Þ=ŠžýÐ− ¼¹łš˝ ½š=ðˇ ½ˇ ₣𠹸³šÐ²=
È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס ¾ć ÞI=ł ¹ˇ ×½˙ =ýžÞĆ ýˇ ½ˇ =¸=ýžÞĆ ýˇ ½ˇ =×− ݼý˚ ³ğ Þ=
ðÝ×KI=×Ð˚ ³½š=½ˇ=ˇ Þ½˝ ³½−Ð₣ˇ =×Ý¸ð½¹ˇK
Ò½ž=ý˚¦− Š− =šÐ³ˇłğł ¸²=ýš=×− Ýݡ×ݸ=×˝ š³ž=×ݸð½¹ğ ÞI=×Ð˚ ³½š=
š×ˇ ÞšÐÝžýý˚Þˇ =ð˙ ¦š=×ݸð½¹− =ý˚₣ ¹Ð=Þˇ =šý¾ˇ Þг½š˝=− =
₣ ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹ˇ ²=× − ¼=¦˚Ýš½šK=·Ðˇ =ס ¹˙ŠšÐłý ˇ I=×Ð˚ ³½š=½−=
¾− ¹˙ =ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =šý¾ˇ Þг½š˝ =½− =ł ¹˙ ýýˇ =^=¸=ŠĆ− =¾− ¹˚ ²=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =
šý¾ˇ Þг½š˝ =½−=ł¹˙ ýýˇ =_K
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NK
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NK
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PK
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NK
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OK
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NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=šÐ³ˇłğł ¸²=ðšÐý˚Þ− ¼I=³½ž=ý ˚¦− Š− =šÐ³ˇłğł ¸²=
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OK
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NK
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OK
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PK
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NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=šÐ³ˇłğł ¸²=ðšÐý˚Þ− ¼=ý𽎠ðÐÞ¸³½š=½− =й−ý˚ˇ =
³½ž=¦˚ ³ž=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =šÐ³˙ł š½š=½− =×¹ş ½¼×−K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ЊРð ˚²=Ô¼¦ýK?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„гˇł K=Ó¹−½Ć×− ¼? K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =×¹ş ½¼×− =ðš˝ ýšÞ− =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ ýš˝½šK
fl Þ½Ðł¹ ˇ ¾¸I=fl ×− ð − ׸=ð ˇ Ð=„×Ððş ÝÝž³ž=ËšÐý ˚Þ− ¼
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=šÐ³ˇłğł¸²=ðšÐý˚Þ− ¼I=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
?„ЊÐð˚ ²=Ô¼¦ýK?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl Þ½Ðł¹ˇ ¾¸?=¸=?fl ×−ð− ׸?K
PK
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QK
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ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ך¹Ð−₣ ¸=ðˇÐI=ðˇ½ş ×ÐÞI=×Ð˚³½š= K
RK
Íš½ˇ ðÐÞ¸³½š=½− =й−ý˚ˇ =³½− =³ž ýš ˝−=×−¼=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ=
š×Ðð− Ýݸ³š½š=½ˇ=ł ¹˙ýýˇ½ˇK
SK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ЊРð ˚²=Ô¼¦ýK?K
TK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„×Ððş ÝÝž³ž?K
OU „гˇłğł ¸=ıˇ ¹ˇ 𽸹 ğÞ
ı ¹¸³ž=½−¼=ÍšÞ−Ć
ËĆ ¹Ð− =ýšÞ−Ć
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= ³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇ Þˇ ý−Þ¸²K
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=½− =ËĆ ¹Ð− =ýšÞ−Ć K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=aI=bI=c=¸=d=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ýšÞ−Ć =×− ¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½š= ðˇÐI=³½ž=³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇI=×Ð˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =×¹ş³Łˇ³ž=³½ž=
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?È˝ ³½ˇ =½ğ Þ=Țн− ¼¹łÐć Þ=ÍšÞ−Ć ?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ NOOK
ÓÝ¸ð½¹ˇ =Ò¼Þ½ş ýš¼³ž²
Í× − ¹š ˝½š=Þ ˇ=ýš½ ˇŁš ˝ ½š=³½ ˇ=ýšÞ −Ć=×Ð˚Ž− Þ½ ˇ ²= =ð ˇÐ=½ ˇ=
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ÌÐ=³¼Þ½− ýšĆ³šÐ²=ס¹ −¼³Ð˙Ž −Þ½ˇÐ=³½Ð²=ðš¾ˇÝ˝ Šš²=ˇ ¼½−Ć =½− ¼=
− Šžł−Ć =₣ ¹¸³ž²K
Óˇ ¹ˇ Šš˝łýˇ ½ˇ WÍ š ½˙Ł ˇ³ž=³½−=‡−ž¦ž½Ððş =ÍšÞ−Ć =?sбЗЙзл?=
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׹㽎 =š×˝ ×šŠˇ =½− ¼=ýšÞ−Ć K
Ej=SJQF=ı¹ž³Ðý−×−Ðć Þ½ˇ²=ÓÝ¸ð½¹ˇ=
Ò¼Þ½ş ýš¼³ž²
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =L=JK
Íš½˙Ł ˇ ³ž=³½− =‡− ž¦ž½Ððş =ÍšÞ−Ć =?ÌÝÐðş ?=
Ej=TJNMJOF=ı ¹ž³Ðý−×−Ðć Þ½ˇ ²=ÓÝ¸ð½¹ˇ=
Ò¼Þ½ş ýš¼³ž²
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =M=P=HK
Íš½˙Ł ˇ ³ž=³½− =‡− ž¦ž½Ððş =ÍšÞ−Ć =?‚ş Þž³ž?=
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Ò½ž=È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ=ý×−¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ ³š½š=½− ¼²=ˇ ¹Ð¦ý−Ć ²=
½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼= ðˇ Ð=½Ð²=ŠÐš¼¦Ć Þ³šÐ²=Éã~áä=½ğ Þ=¾˝Ýğ Þ=³ˇ ²I=½ğ Þ=ýšÝć Þ=
½ž²=− Ðð−ł˚ ÞšÐˇ ²=ðˇ Ð=½ğ Þ=³¼Þš¹łˇ½ ć Þ=³ˇ ²K
Ò½− =½žÝ˚¾ğ Þş =³ˇ ²=ý×−¹−Ć Þ=Þˇ=ˇ×− ¦žðš¼½−Ć Þ=˚ğ²=ð ˇÐ=RMM=
ðˇ ½ˇ₣𠹸³šÐ²K=Òš=ý˝ˇ =È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס ¾ć ÞI=ý×− ¹š˝½š=Þˇ=
ˇ ×− ¦žðš Ć ³š½š=½ ˇ =ס ¹ˇ ð˙ ½ğ =³½ − Ð ₣ š ˝ˇ W
Ò½−Ð₣š˝ˇ =×− ¼=fl×− ¦žðš Ć− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½ž=ÍÞ¸ýž=½− ¼=ڞݚ¾ćÞ−¼
⁄ Þ− ý ˇ˚ ğ²=ðˇÐ=NS= ₣ ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²
„×ć Þ¼ý− ˚ ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=NS=₣ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²
ÚžÝ˚¾ğ Þ− ˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=P=ˇ ¹Ð¦ý−˝ =½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=E˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=
‚ÐšĆ ¦K=bã~áä ˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=P=ŠÐš¼¦Ć Þ³šÐ²=bã~áä=E˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=
ˡ ½žł− ¹˝ˇ NS=ðˇ ½žł− ¹˝ š²
‚ÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž ˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=SQ=₣ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²
Óş Ýž ˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=SQ=₣ˇ ¹ˇ 𽸹š²
Î− ýş ² ˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=SQ=₣ˇ ¹ˇ 𽸹š²
Úˇ₣ K=Ëğ ŠK ˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=OM=₣ˇ ¹ˇ 𽸹š²
ı ć¹ ˇ˚ ğ²=ðˇÐ=PO= ₣ ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž ˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=ORS=₣ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²
Âýš¹K=·˚ ÞÞž³ž² Ežýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇF
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ Eş Þ− ýˇ =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− ¼F
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PO=Ğ ž¾˝ˇ =− =ðˇ ¦˚ Þˇ ²F
NOU=₣ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²=ž=ð˙ ¦š=ý˝ˇ F
fl ޽г½K=ÚşÞ− ¼L
sáÇÉç
ͼ³½Ððş E„Þš¹łş =¸=Íž=šÞš¹łş F
Ò½−Ð₣š˝ˇ=× −¼=fl×− ¦žðš Ć− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½ž=ÍÞ¸ýž= p fj=Ešþˇ ¹½˙½ˇ Ð=ˇ ׺ =
½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇ =pfjF
⁄ Þ− ý ˇ˚ ğ²=ðˇÐ=NS= ₣ ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²
ÚžÝ˚¾ğ Þ− ˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=O=ˇ ¹Ð¦ý−˝ =½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=E˚ğ²=ð ˇÐ=
‚ÐšĆ ¦K=bã~áä ˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=NOU=₣ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²=E¸=₣ğ ¹˝ ²=
ˡ ½žł− ¹˝ˇ ˚ ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=NS=ðˇ ½žł− ¹˝ š²
flÝÝ ˇł¸=³šÐ¹ ˙²= −Þ −ý ˙½ğ Þ
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Í− ¹¾¸=−Þşýˇ ½− ²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?⁄Þ− ýˇ =„× ćÞ¼ý− ?=¸=?„×ć Þ¼ý−=⁄ Þ− ýˇ ?K
fl Ýݡ ł¸=½ž²=È ˝ ³½ˇ ²=×−¼=„ý¾ ˇ Þ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ê˚ ³ž=„ס¾ć Þ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ò¼³ðš¼¸?=¸=?pfj?K
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=½ž²=ÍÞ¸ýž²=fl×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž²
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?fl ×K=Î˚ğ Þ=„ס ¾K=³š?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=ˇ×ş =?Ò¼³ð𼏠?I=?pfj?=¸=?„×ÐÝK=×¹ÐÞ=½žÞ=ˇ×−¦¸ðK?K
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
?„×ÐÝK=×¹ÐÞ=½žÞ=ˇ×− ¦¸ðK?=³ˇ ²=×¹− ½¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ł š½š=½ž=
ýÞ¸ýž=ð˙ ¦š=¾−¹˙ =×− ¼=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ š½š=ý˝ˇ =Þ˚ˇ =ðˇ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³žK
Eş Þ− ýˇ =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− ¼F
PO=Ğ ž¾˝ˇ =− =ðˇ ¦˚ Þˇ ²F
ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=bã~áäF
=Ej=UJUJNF
=Ej=UJUJOF
=Ej=UJUJPF
PM È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ
Úˇ þÐÞş ýž³ž=½ğ Þ=ˡ ½ˇ₣𠹸³šğ Þ=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס ¾ć Þ=
Ej=UJUJQF
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ˇÝÝ˙þš½š=½ž=³šÐ¹˙=½ğÞ=ð ˇ½ˇ₣𹸳šğÞ=½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=
„ס¾ć Þ=³š=ˇ ݾˇŁ ž½Ðð¸=³šÐ¹˙ =¸=ˇÞ˙ =ðˇ ½žł− ¹˝ˇ K
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Úˇ þÐÞş ýž³ž=š×ˇ¾ć Þ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ݾˇŁ ž½Ðð˙ ?=¸=?Íš=ˡ ½žł− ¹˝ˇ ?K
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=Î˚ˇ²=„ס ¾¸²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=š˝ ½š=½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=½− ¼=½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=š˝ ½š=½ž=
ýÞ¸ýž=½ž²=ð˙¹½ˇ ²=pfj=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆ ³š½š=½ž=Þ˚ˇ =
ðˇ ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³žK=·Ðˇ =Þˇ=ˇ ÝÝ˙ þš½š=½Ð²=¦˚ ³šÐ²I=Šš˝ ½š=?„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=½ž²=
ÍÞ¸ýž²=fl×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ PMK
Ú− =×ݸ¦− ²=½ğ Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýć Þ=½žÝš¾ć Þ− ¼=×− ¼=ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=
ˇ ×− ¦žðš Ć ³š½š=³½žÞ=ð ˙ ¹½ˇ =pfj=šþˇ ¹½˙ ½ˇ Ð=ˇ ׺ =½ž= ₣ğ ¹ž½Ðð ş ½ž½ ˙ =
½ž²K=„×Ðð− ÐÞğ Þ¸³½š=ýš=½− =¾−¹˚ˇ =¼×ž¹š³Ðć Þ=³ˇ ²=łÐˇ =
×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²K
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ?= →=?Ó¹− ³¦K=k˚ˇ ²=„×K?
„ ˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ ˚ þš½š=?„×ÐÝK=×¹ÐÞ=½žÞ= ˇ×−¦¸ðK?= łÐ ˇ =½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=× −¼=¦ ˇ=
₣¹ž³Ðý −× −О¦š ˝I=½ ş½š=ý×−¹š ˝½š=Þ ˇ=š×ÐÝ ˚þš½š= ˇÞ ˙ýš³ ˇ=³½ž=?Ò½ž=
ýÞ¸ýž=Ò¼³ðK?=ðˇÐ=½ž=?Ò½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=pfj?K
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =×šŠ˝− =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =³¼ý×Ýž¹ć ³š½š=ðˇ Ð=
šÐ³˙ł š½š=½ž=³₣ š½Ðð¸=×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ˇ K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xfl×−¦¸ðKz=ş½ˇ Þ=½ šÝšÐć ³š½šK
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł ¸³š½š=ýÐˇ =ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³žI=¦ˇ =×¹˚ךÐ=Þˇ=
³¼ý×Ýž¹ć ³š½š=½− ¼Ý˙₣ г½− Þ=˚Þˇ=ˇ×ş=½ˇ =×šŠ˝ˇ =E?⁄Þ−ýˇ ?I=
?„×ć Þ¼ý− ?I=?ÚžÝ˚¾ğ Þ− ?=¸=?‚ÐšĆ¦K=bã~áä?=łÐˇ =½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=½ž²=
³¼³ð𼏲=ðˇ Ð=?⁄Þ− ýˇ ?I=?ÚžÝ˚¾ğ Þ− ?=¸=?‚ÐšĆ ¦K=bã~áä?=łÐˇ =½ž=
ýÞ¸ýž=½ž²=ð˙ ¹½ˇ ²=pfjFK
Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=Èš×½− ýš¹šÐć Þ=³½Ð²=„ס¾˚ ²=ý−¼
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹸³š½š=ðˇ Ð=Þˇ =š×šþš¹łˇ ³½š˝ ½š=½ž=ŠÐð¸=³ˇ ²=
š×ˇ ¾¸=ş×ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=½Ð²=˙ ÝÝš²=ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹸³šÐ²=½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć ÞK
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ò½−Ð₣ K=„ס ¾K=Í− ¼?
=Ej=UJRF
fl Þ½Ðł¹ ˇ ¾¸=ˡ ½ˇ₣𹸳šğ Þ=È˝ ³½ ˇ ²=„× ˇ¾ć Þ=ýš½ ˇþĆ =
Ë˙ ¹½ˇ ²=pfj= ðˇ Ð=Ò¼³ð𼏲
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?„ЊÐð˚ ²=Ô¼¦ýK?=→=?fl Þ½Ðł¹ˇ ¾¸=⁄ Ýğ Þ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=ˇ×ş =?fl׺ =pfj=³š=Ò¼³ðš¼¸?=¸=?fl׺=Ò¼³ðš¼¸=³š=
pfj?K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=½−×− ¦š½¸³š½š=½žÞ=ð˙¹½ˇ =pfj=³½−=½žÝ˚¾ğ Þ ş =³ ˇ ²= łÐˇ =
׹㠽ž=¾−¹˙ =ðˇ Ð=þšðÐÞ¸³š½š=½žÞ=𾎠¹ý−ł ¸=½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ²=
„ס¾ć ÞI=¦ˇ =šý¾ˇ Þг½š˝=ˇ ¼½şýˇ ½ˇ =ž=−¦şÞž=š×ÐŁšŁˇ˝ ğ ³ž²=ðˇ Ð=
¦ˇ =š¹ğ ½ž¦š˝ ½š=š˙ Þ=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹−₣𠹸³š½š=¸=ş₣ Ð=³½žÞ=
ˇ Þ½Ðł¹ ˇ ¾¸K=Ì=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş²=½ğ Þ=ð ˇ ½ˇ ₣𹸳šğ Þ=È ˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס ¾ć Þ=
×− ¼=ý×− ¹−Ć Þ=Þˇ =ˇ Þ½Ðł ¹ˇ¾−Ć Þ=šþˇ¹½˙½ˇÐ=ˇ×ş=½ž=
₣ğ ¹ž½Ððş ½ž½ˇ=½ž²=ð˙ ¹½ˇ ²=pfjK
≥
„ ˙Þ= − =ŠÐ ˇ¦ ˚³Ðý − ²= ₣ć ¹ − ²=ýÞ¸ýž²=ŠšÞ=š× ˇ¹ðš ˝=ł Ð ˇ =½žÞ=
ˇ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž=şÝğ Þ=½ğ Þ=ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹸³šğ ÞI=ž=ˇÞ½Ðł¹ˇ¾¸=Šš=
ý× − ¹š ˝=Þ ˇ=− Ý − ðÝž¹ 𠦚 ˝K
=Ej=UJVJNF
È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס ¾ć ÞP N
„Ć ¹š³ž=ÌÞş ýˇ ½− ²
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ?
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½ˇ =׹㽎=ł ¹˙ýýˇ½ˇ =½− ¼=− Þşýˇ ½− ²K
Ú ˇ= ˇ× − ½šÝ ˚³ý ˇ½ ˇ=½ž²= ˇÞ ˇŽ¸½ž³ž²=šý¾ ˇÞ ˝ Ž− Þ½ ˇ Ð=³š=
ˇÝ¾ ˇŁž½Ðð¸=³šÐ¹ ˙K
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½ž=¦˚ ³ž=½ğ Þ=„ס¾ć ÞI=?Ò¼³ðš¼¸?=¸=
?pfj?I=×¹ÐÞ=ˇ×ş=½žÞ=ˇÞˇŽ¸½ž³žK
Ëݸ³ž=ˇ×ş =½ž=È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ðˇ ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½š=ðˇÐ=×Ð˚ ³½š= DK
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
„˙ Þ=˚₣− ¼Þ=ðˇ ½ˇ₣ğ¹ž¦š ˝ =ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹− Ð=ˇ ¹Ð¦ý−˝ I=ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=
½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=×− ¼= ¦˚ Ýš½š=ýš½˙ =½−=ُýˇ=N=ðˇÐ=×Ð˚³½š=
D
K
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=ˇðş ýž=Þˇ =ðˇÝ˚ ³š½š=ˇ×ş =½žÞ=− ¦ş Þž=Ýš×½− ýš¹šÐć Þ=
½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć ÞK=Ò½žÞ=− ¦şÞž=Ýš×½−ýš¹šÐć ÞI=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=
ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş=½žÝš¾ć Þ− ¼=× − ¼=¦ ˚ Ýš½š=ð ˇ Ð=×Ð ˚ ³½š=
D
K
„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ=ˡ½ˇ ₣𠹸³šğ Þ=½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć Þ
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ðˇ ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =
š×šþš¹łˇ ³½š˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ ?K
PK
fl ÝÝ˙ þ½š=½Ð ²=×Ýž¹−¾− ¹˝š²K
QK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xfl×− ¦¸ðKz=ş ½ˇ Þ=½šÝšÐć ³š½šK
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=ýÐˇ ²=ÍÐð¹−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ ²=³š=ýÐˇ =ˡ ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ðˇ ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½K=Ùğ½−ł ¹K?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
SK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xfl×− ¦¸ðKz=ş ½ˇ Þ=½šÝšÐć ³š½šK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
„˙ Þ=ŠÐˇł ¹˙Ğ š½š=ˇ ׺ =½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=½ž²=³¼³ð𼏲=ý˝ˇ =
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ I=¦ˇ=ŠÐˇł¹ ˇ¾š˝=ðˇÐ=ž=ˇÞ½˝³½−Ð₣ž=ýÐð¹−ł¹ ˇ¾˝ˇ=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ ²K
PO È ˝³½ ˇ=„× ˇ¾ć Þ
fl޽г½ − ˝₣ž³ž= ◊₣−¼=Ë −¼Š −¼Þ ˝³ý ˇ½− ²=¸=sáÇÉç=`äáé=
Ë − ¼Š − ¼Þ ˝³ý ˇ½ − ²=³š=ð ˙¦š=Ë ˇ½ ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½K=ÚşÞ− ¼LsáÇÉç?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·Ðˇ =Ëݸ³ž=Ùğ Þ¸²?I=?·Ðˇ=Ëݸ³ž=sáÇ Éç?=¸=?·Ðˇ =Î˚−=
͸޼ýˇ ?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ K=ÚşÞ−¼?=¸=?fl޽г½ −˝ ₣K=sáÇÉç?K
⁄½ ˇÞ=š×ÐÝ ˚þš½š=? fl޽г½ − ˝₣K=sáÇÉç?I=ýš½ ˇŁš ˝½š=³½ −= ُý ˇ=TK
SK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ¹¼¦ýгýK=◊₣− Ð?=¸=?ÌÐ=◊₣− Ð=j− ¼?K
TK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=¸₣− =¸=½− =îáÇÉ ç=Åäáé=ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ½− ²=×− ¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
UK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xfl×−¦¸ðKz=ş½ˇ Þ=½ šÝšÐć ³š½šK
‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=ˡ½ˇ₣𠹸³šğ Þ=½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć Þ
‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=⁄Ýğ Þ=½ğ Þ=ˡ½ˇ₣𹸳šğÞ=„ס¾ć Þ
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?„ЊÐð˚ ²=Ô¼¦ýK?=→=?‚Ðˇł ¹K=ˡ½ˇ₣𠹸³K?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ˡ½ˇ₣ğ ¹K=Ò¼³ð𼏲?=¸=?ˡ½ˇ₣𹸳šÐ²=pfj?K
OK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =³¼³ð𼏲K
Ì=×¹− š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− ²=ðğ ŠÐðş ²=³¼³ð𼏲=š˝Þˇ Ð=?VVVV?K=·Ðˇ=
Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=ˇ Ýݡł ¸=½− ¼=ðğ ŠÐð−Ć =
³¼³ð𼏲I=Šš˝ ½š=?fl Ýݡł ¸=½− ¼=ËğŠÐð−Ć =Ò¼³ð𼏲?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ VUK
‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=ý˝ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²=„ס ¾¸²
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸?K
=Ej=UJVJPF
‚Ðˇ₣š ˝ ¹Ð³ž=ˡ ½žł− ¹˝ˇ ²
·Ðˇ =ð˙ ¦š=ðˇ ½žł− ¹˝ˇ =ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=− ¹˝ ³š½š=ŠÐˇ¾− ¹š½Ðð−Ć ²=¸₣− ¼²=
ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²K=„˙ Þ=ŠšÞ=ˇ ÝÝ˙ þš½š=½− Þ=¸₣− =ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²=
ý˝ˇ ²=ðˇ ½žł− ¹˝ˇ ²=¦ˇ =₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− К˝ ½ˇ Ð=− =¸₣−²=ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²=
×− ¼=˚₣ š½š=ˇ ޽г½− Ð₣ ¸³šÐ=³½− =ýšÞ−Ć=Ó¹−¾˝ ÝK
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?‚Ðˇ₣š ˝ ¹K=ˡ ½žł K?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ðˇ ½žł−¹˝ˇ=× − ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl޽г½K=ÚşÞ−¼LsáÇÉç?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·Ðˇ =Ëݸ³ž=Ùğ Þ¸²?I=?·Ðˇ =Ëݸ³ž=sáÇÉç?=¸=?·Ðˇ=Î˚−=
͸޼ýˇ ?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ K=ÚşÞ− ¼?=¸=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ K=sáÇÉç?K
⁄½ ˇÞ=š×ÐÝ ˚þš½š=? fl޽г½ − ˝₣K=sáÇÉç?I=ýš½ˇŁš ˝½š=³½ −= ُý ˇ=SK
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ¹¼¦ýгýK=◊₣− Ð?=¸=?ÌÐ=◊₣− Ð=j−¼?K
SK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=¸₣− =¸=½− =обЗЙз=Едбй=р− ¼Š−¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ½− ²=×−¼=
¦˚ Ýš½šK
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=šÞş ²=¸₣− ¼=
ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²=¸=šÞş ²=обЗЙз=Едбй=р− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ½− ²I=Šš˝ ½š=
?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž=šÞş ²=◊₣− ¼=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝ Ў UQ=
¸=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž=šÞş ²=fl¹₣ š˝−¼=sáÇÉç=`äáé=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ½− ²?=
³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ URK=
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×šþš¹łˇ³½š˝½š=ý şÞ−=½ˇ=− Þş ýˇ ½ˇ =½ğ Þ=
ðˇ ½žł− ¹Ðć Þ=×− ¼=š˝ Þˇ Ð=ˇ ×− ¦žðš¼ý˚ Þˇ=³½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇ =pfjK=‚šÞ=
ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×šþš¹łˇ³½š˝½š=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝³šÐ²=¸₣−¼=
ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²=¸=обЗЙз=р− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ½− ²K
=Ej=UJPF
È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס ¾ć ÞP P
„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ=½− ¼=ÌÞşýˇ½− ²=ˡ½žł− ¹˝ˇ²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×šþš¹łˇ ³½š˝ ½š=½ˇ=− Þş ýˇ½ˇ =½ğ Þ=ðˇ ½žł− ¹Ðć Þ=×− ¼=
¦ˇ =ˇ ޽г½−Ð₣ ¸³š½š=³½Ð²=ðˇ½ˇ ₣𠹸³šÐ²=½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ²=„ס¾ć ÞK=ˡ½D=
ˇ ¹₣ ¸ÞI= ˇ ÝÝ˙ þ½š=½ž=È˝ ³½ˇ =„× ˇ¾ć Þ=× − ¼=šý¾ ˇ Þ˝ Žš½ ˇ Ð=E³šÝK PMFK
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?‚Ðˇ₣š ˝ ¹K=ˡ ½žł K?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ş Þ− ýˇ =ðˇ ½ž ł−¹˝ˇ ²=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþK=ÌÞşýˇ ½−²?K
PK
fl ÝÝ˙ þ½š=½−=ş Þ − ý ˇ K
Ìý˙ Šš²=š×ˇ ¾ć Þ
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł ¸³š½š=ý˝ˇ=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =³½˚ ÝÞš½š=½−=˝ ŠÐ−=
ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =³š=ý˝ˇ =− ý˙ Ў =ס ¹ˇ Ýž×½ć Þ=½ˇ ¼½ş₣ ¹− Þˇ K=Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=
ðˇ ½ˇ₣𠹸³š½š=˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=R=− ý˙ Šš²K
‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=ý˝ˇ ²=Î˚ˇ ²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²= ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ìý˙ Šš²=š×ˇ¾ć Þ?= →=?Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=Þ˚ˇ²=−ý˙ Ў ²?=
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½−=şÞ−ýˇ=½ž²=−ý ˙Ў ²K
Ú −=Þ ˚− = şÞ −ý ˇ = −ý ˙ Š ˇ ²=šý¾ ˇ Þ ˝ Žš½ ˇ Ð=ýš½ ˙ =½žÞ=½šÝš¼½ ˇ˝ˇ =
−ý˙ Ў =½ž²= −¦ şÞž²=È ˝³½ ˇ²=Ìý ˙Š ğÞK
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=Óˇ¹ˇ Ýž×½ć Þ=³š=ý˝ˇ =Ìý˙ Ў =
Í×−¹−Ć Þ=Þˇ =ðˇ½ˇ₣ğ ¹ž¦−Ć Þ=˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=OM=ס¹ˇ ݸ׽š²=³š=ð˙¦š=
Ý˝ ³½ˇ K
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ìý˙ Šš²=š×ˇ¾ć Þ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=şÞ−ýˇ =−ý˙ Ў ²=×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ K=Þ˚ˇ²=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹K?K=
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ž=−¦ş Þž=Ýš×½− ýš¹šÐć ÞK
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=¸=½ž=ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ ž=bã~áä=×−¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
=Ej=UJSF
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
„ ˙Þ=½¹ − × − × − и³š½š=½žÞ=ð ˇ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž=× − ¼= ˚ ₣ š½š=
ˇÞ½Ð³½ −Ð ₣¸³šÐ=³š=ý˝ˇ=− ý˙ЎI=¦ˇ=₣ ¹šÐ ˇ³½š˝=Þˇ=š× ˇÞ ˇÝ ˙Łš½š=
½žÞ=ˇ ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž=³½žÞ=−ý˙ Ў K=ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚þ½š=
?„×ˇÞˇ ޽г½K=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹K?=³½−=Ł ¸ýˇ =OK
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇł¹ ˙Ğ š½š=ý˝ˇ =ðˇ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž= ˇ×ş =½žÞ=−ý˙ Ў I=×Ð˚³½š=
x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł¹ˇ¾¸=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć¹K?=³½−=ُý ˇ=OK
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇł¹ ˙Ğ š½š=ý˝ˇ =− ý˙ Ў I=ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ş Þ− ýˇ =− ý˙ Ў ²=
ðˇ Ð=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKzI=³½ž=³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸?=³½−=
Ł ¸ýˇ=NK
fl×− ³½− ݸ=ÍžÞĆýˇ½ −²=ı¹ž³Ðý−×−Ð ćÞ½ ˇ²=½ž= È ˝³½ˇ=ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ìý˙ Šš²=š×ˇ¾ć Þ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ş Þ− ýˇ =− ý˙Ў ²=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚žýK=ÍžÞĆýˇ½− ²?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=½Ć×− =ýžÞĆýˇ ½−²=×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
·Ðˇ =×¹ş ³¦š½š²=ŠÐˇ ŠÐðˇ³˝ š²I=Šš˝ ½š=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚ − ¼=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ QQK=
PQ È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ
ˡ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ÍÞ¸ýž²
fl ¼½¸=ž=ݚн −¼¹ ł ˝ˇ =³ ˇ ²=Ł−ž¦ ˙ =Þ ˇ =šÝ ˚ ł₣š½š=½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=× − ¼=
₣¹ž³Ðý −× −К ˝½ ˇÐ= ˇ× ş=½ž=È ˝³½ ˇ=„× ˇ¾ ćÞK
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?„ЊÐð˚ ²=Ô¼¦ýK?=→=?ˡ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ÍÞ¸ýž²?
=Ej=UJVJOF
È˝ ³½ˇ =Úˇ₣ š˝ˇ ²=Ëݸ³ž²
Ò½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ =½ˇ₣š ˝ˇ ²=ðݸ³ž²I=ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹸³š½š=˚ğ ²=ðˇÐ=
U=ˇ ¹Ð¦ý−Ć ²=½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=E³šÝK NVFK
„гˇłğł ¸=ˡ½ˇ₣𠹸³šğ Þ=½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć Þ=³½ž=È˝ ³½ˇ=
Úˇ₣ š˝ˇ ²=Ëݸ³ž²
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ³¦K=Úˇ₣K=Ëݸ³K?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=¦˚ ³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
Úˇ =šÞÞ˚ˇ =ˇ ¹Ð¦ýž½Ðð˙ =×Ý¸ð½¹ˇ =ˇ ޽г½− Ð₣−Ć Þ=³½− ¼²=ˇ ¹Ð¦ý−Ć ²=
½ž²=Ý˝ ³½ˇ ²K
„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ=È˝³½ˇ²=Úˇ₣š ˝ˇ²=Ëݸ³ž²
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =Úˇ₣ K=Ëݸ³?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=
š×šþš¹łˇ ³½š ˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„×ˇÞˇ ޽г½−˝₣ž³ž?=
E¸ ?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž?FK
=Ej=UJQF
fl ×− ³½ − ݸ=ý ˝ˇ ²=ˡ ½ˇ ₣ć¹ž³ž²=È ˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס ¾ć Þ
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž=×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×− ³½K=„ס¾¸²?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?˜²=͸޼ýˇ ?I=?Нš=_дмЙнззнЬ?=¸=?Нš=ЫЧ˚ ¹¼¦¹š²?K
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½ž=ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =šÞş ²=
ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²I=Šš˝ ½š=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚ −¼=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½−²?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ QQK
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=½ž²=ˇ³Ć ¹ýˇ ½ž²=
ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ ²=
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=Û×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ ÞI=
Šš˝ ½š=?Û×˚ ¹¼¦¹š²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ NMPK
_дмЙнззнЬ
I=Šš˝ ½š=?_дмЙнззнЬ?=³½ž=³šЭ˝Šˇ NMNK
ȸРž=ý˝ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ ₣ć ¹ž³ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć Þ
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=½−=½žÝ ˚ ¾ğ Þ − =Ý ˇ ýŁ ˙ ÞšÐ=ý˝ˇ =ðˇ ½ˇ ₣ć¹ž³ž=È ˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס ¾ć ÞI=
šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=˚Þˇ =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =š×ÐŁšŁ ˇ˝ğ³ž²=³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=
ˇ Þˇ ý− Þ¸²K
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xΡ ÐzK
Â=Ýž¾¦š˝³ˇ =ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ 𽎠Ð=³½ž=È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć ÞK=
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x⁄₣ Ðz=łÐˇ =ˇ ׺ ¹¹ÐĞ žK
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=šÐ³ˇłğł ¸=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šğ Þ=
¼×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ Þ=¸=ˇ³Ć ¹ýˇ ½ž²=³Ć ЮŠš³ž²=_дмЙнззнЬI=Šš˝ ½š=
?Ò¼ÞŠš³Ðýş ½ž½ˇ ?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ NMNK
È ˝³½ ˇ=„× ˇ¾ ć ÞP R
fl×− ³½− ݸ=ÍžÞĆ ý ˇ½− ²=Ùğ Þž½Ðð−Ć = fl×− ³× ˙³ý ˇ½− ²=
¸=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=sáÇÉç=`äáé=ı ¹ž³Ðý−×−Ðć Þ½ˇ ²=ý˝ˇ =
‚ÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=ˇ×ş =½ž=È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½š=ýˇŽ˝ =ýš=½− Þ=
ˇ ¹Ð¦ý ş=½ž Ýš¾ćÞ − ¼=¸=½ž=ŠÐš Ć ¦¼Þ³ž=bã~áä=× − ¼=¦ ˚Ýš½š=Þ ˇ =
₣¹ž³Ðý −× −и³š½šK
OK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=¸=½ž=ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=bã~áä=
×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚žýK=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½−²?K=
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ùğ Þž½Ððş =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ ?=¸=?͸޼ýˇ=обЗЙз?K
·Ðˇ =×¹ş ³¦š½š²=ŠÐˇ ŠÐðˇ³˝ š²I=Šš˝ ½š=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚ − ¼=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ QQK
Ò¼ ł₣ ¹ − Þгý ş ²=Ë ˇ½ ˇ₣𠹸³š ğ Þ=È ˝³½ ˇ²=„× ˇ¾ ć Þ=ýš=
ˇ¼½ ˚²=× −¼=¼× ˙¹₣− ¼Þ=³½− =fенЙкеЙн
Â=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =³¼ł₣ ¹− Þгý−Ć =ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þğ Þ=š˝Þˇ Ð=ý˝ˇ=¼×ž¹š³˝ˇ=
ŠÐð½Ć−¼=×− ¼=³ˇ ²= š×н¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ ³š½š=½Ð²=ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹸³šÐ²=
½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć Þ=×− ¼=¼×˙¹ ₣− ¼Þ=³½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=³¼³ð𼏲I=³½−=
ŠÐˇð− эР³½¸=fенЙкеЙнK=Ъˇ =ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þˇ =½ž²=ð˙ ¹½ˇ ²=pfj=ŠšÞ=¦ˇ=
ˇ ×− ¦žðš¼½ −Ć ÞK=„ łł ¹ ˇ ¾š˝ ½š=³š=ý˝ˇ =¼×ž¹š³˝ˇ =³¼ł₣¹− Þгý −Ć =
š×Ðð− ÐÞğÞć Þ½ˇ ²=ýš=½− =ð˚ Þ½¹− =¼×ž¹š³Ðć Þ=½− ¼=ŠÐð½Ć− ¼=³ˇ ²K
Ò¼ł₣ ¹− Þгýş ²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס ¾ć Þ
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ò¼ł₣ ¹− Þгýş ²?=
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ò¼ł₣ ¹− Þгýş ²=½ć ¹ˇ>?=łÐ ˇ=Þˇ=³¼ł₣ ¹− Þ˝ ³š½š=½ˇ=
ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þˇ K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
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Ì=?Ò¼ł₣ ¹− Þгýş ²=½ć ¹ˇ >?=ŠšÞ=š˝ Þˇ Ð=ŠÐˇ ¦˚ ³Ðý− ²=š˙ Þ=ŠšÞ=
¼×˙¹₣ šÐ=šÞš¹ł¸=ÔĆ ¦ýгž=Ò¼ł₣ ¹− Þгý−Ć K=
=Ej=UJTJNF
=Ej=UJTF
Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=½− ¼= fl¹₣ š˝− ¼=ˡ½ˇł ¹ˇ ¾¸²
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ò¼ł₣ ¹− Þгýş ²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=ˇ¹₣ š˝− ¼?
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=³¼ł₣¹− Þгý−Ć
?„ס¾˚ ²?=→=?Ò¼ł₣ ¹− Þгýş ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=³¼ł₣ ¹−Þгý−Ć?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =Ý−łˇ ¹Ðˇ ³ýş =×−¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=¸=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚ −¼?=
ł Ðˇ =Þ ˇ =š г ˙łš½š=½Ð²=× ˇ ¹ˇ ð ˙ ½ ğ=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²K
?⁄ Þ− ýˇ =Ó¹− ¾˝ Ý?W ⁄ Þ− ýˇ =×¹− ¾˝ Ý=³¼ł₣ ¹− Þгý−Ć =
?⁄ Þ− ýˇ =pЙкоЙк?W ‚ÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=ŠÐˇ ð− ýг½¸
?Úˇ ¼½ş ½ž½ˇ=ı ¹¸³½ž?W Â=½ˇ ¼½ş ½ž½ˇ=₣ ¹¸³½ž=ł Ðˇ=
?Ëğ ŠK=Ó¹ş³Łˇ ³ž²?W Ëğ ŠÐðş ²=×¹ş³Łˇ ³ž²=łÐˇ =
?ÓÝž¹šþ−óÐ− ?W „×ÐÝ˚ł šÐ=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=mêçñó=łÐˇ =
?⁄ Þ− ýˇ =Ł˙ ³ž²=š×ˇ ¾ć Þ?W Ú− =ş Þ− ýˇ =½ž ²=Ł˙ ³ž²=ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þğ Þ=łÐˇ =
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
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ÌÐ=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=³¼ł₣ ¹− Þгý−Ć =˚₣−¼Þ=¸Šž=×¹ ˇłý ˇ½− ×− О¦š˝=³½−=
½žÝ˚¾ğ Þş =³ˇ ²I=ˇÞ˙Ý−ł ˇ =ýš=½− =¾−¹ ˚ˇ =¼×ž¹š³Ðć ÞK=ÿ³ğ ²=˚₣−¼Þ=
½š¦š˝ =ך¹Ð− ¹Ð³ý−˝ =³½žÞ=×¹−Ł− ݸI=ŠÐˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸I=ˇ Þ½Ðł¹ˇ ¾¸=¸=
½¹−×−×−˝ ž³ž=ˇ ¼½ć Þ=½ğ Þ=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šğ ÞK=„×Ðð− ÐÞğ Þ¸³½š=ýš=½−=
¾− ¹˚ˇ =¼×ž¹š³Ðć Þ=³ˇ ²=ł Ðˇ =×Ýž¹− ¾− ¹˝ š²K
=Ej=UJTJPF
=Ej=UJTJOF
EÍ−Þˇ ŠÐðş=şÞ−ýˇ F
½ˇ ¼½− ×−˝ ž³ž
½ˇ ¼½− ×−˝ ž³ž
³¼ł₣ ¹− Þгýş K
½ž=È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ=³½− =ŠÐˇð− ýг½¸
PS È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć Þ
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇÞ¸
Ú− =½žÝ˚ ¾ğ Þş =³ˇ ²=ŠÐˇ ¦˚ ½šÐ=ý˝ˇ =šÞ³ğýˇ ½ğý˚ Þž=Ğ ž¾Ðˇ ð¸=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸=ýš=½žÞ=− ×−˝ˇ =ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =½¹ˇŁ ¸þš½š=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=ðˇ Ð=Þˇ=ł ¹˙Ğ š½š=обЗЙз=ЕдбйлI=ş×−¼=ðÐ=ˇÞ=ٹ ˝³ðš³½šK=
fl¼½ ş=½ −=ðš¾ ˙Ý ˇÐ− =þšðÐÞ ˙=ýš=½Ð²= Ł ˇ³Ðð ˚²=ݚн −¼¹ ł ˝š²=ð ˇÐ=½Ð²=
ˇ× ˇÐ½−Ć ýšÞš²=ŠÐˇŠÐðˇ³ ˝š²=łÐˇ=½ž =Ý ¸ Ğ žI=½žÞ=ˇ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž=ðˇÐ=½žÞ=
ˇ×− ³½− ݸ=¾ğ ½−ł ¹ ˇ¾Ð ćÞ=ð ˇР=обЗЙз=ЕдбйлI=р ˇÐ=³¼Þš₣˝ŽšÐ=ýš=½Ð²=
ð− ÐÞ˚ ²=ðˇ Ð=ý− Þˇ ŠÐð˚ ²=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=½ž²=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸²=
ðˇ Ð=½ž²=Ý¸Ğ ž²=Ł˝ Þ½š−K
=Ej=RF
ȸРž=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾ÐćÞ
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇÞ¸?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =Þ ˇ=½¹ˇŁ ¸þš½š=½ž=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾ ˝ˇ K
fl ð−Ćł š½ ˇ Ð=−=¸₣− ²=½− ¼=ðÝš ˝ ³½¹−¼=ð ˇ Ð=³½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=
×¹−Ł˙ ÝÝš½ˇ Ð=ž=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ =×− ¼=½¹ˇŁ ¸þˇ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xfl×−¦¸ðKzK
ÌÐ=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=×− ¼=˚₣ š½š=½¹ˇŁ ¸þšÐ=ˇ×− ¦žðš Ć− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½−=
ÛÝÐðş =ý− ¼K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ=ˇ ð¼¹ć ³š½šI=×Ð˚ ³½š=xflðĆ ¹ğ ³žzK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½š=½ž=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾ ˝ˇ =×− ¼=˚₣ š½š=½¹ˇŁ ¸þšÐ=×Ð˚ ³½š=
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ˇ ×− ³½ − ݸ²K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
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š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ùğ½−ł ¹K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?I=¸=×Ð˚ ³½š=
³½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =½ž²=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸²K
≥
„˙ Þ=×¹− ³×ˇ ¦¸³š½š=Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½š=ý˝ˇ =¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾ ˝ˇ =ýš=×−ÝĆ =
ýšł˙Ý − =ý˚ł š¦− ²=ˇ¹₣ š˝−¼I=½−=ý˚ łš¦−²=½ž²=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ²=¦ˇ=
×¹−³ˇ ¹ý− ³½š˝=ć ³½š=Þˇ=š˝Þˇ Ð=Š¼Þˇ ½¸=ž=ˇ×− ³½− ݸ=½ž²=ýš=
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³½− =ÛÝÐðş =ý− ¼K
c
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Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =šÞš¹ł−×− и³š½š=½ž=¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸=
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ł Ðˇ =Þ ˇ =½¹ ˇ Ł ¸þš½š=¾ğ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾ ˝ š²I=ð ˇ Ð= ł Ðˇ =Þ ˇ =þšðÐÞ¸³šÐ=ð ˇ Ð=Þ ˇ =
³½ˇýˇ ½¸³šÐ=ž=šłł ¹ˇ ¾¸K
fl¼½ −¾ ğ½ −ł¹ ˙¾ž³ž
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ= Łł˙ Ýš½š=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=½− ¼=šˇ ¼½−Ć =³ˇ ²I=
ð− н˙ Ž− Þ½ˇ ²=½žÞ=ðĆ ¹Ðˇ =− ¦ş ÞžK
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„³ğ ½K=¾ğ½−ł ¹K=ýž₣ˇÞ¸?K
Â=×Ð˚ ³½š=P=³½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =šÐð−Þ− ³ð−×˝ − ¼K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =Þˇ =½¹ˇŁ ¸þš½š=½ž=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾ ˝ˇ K
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xfl×− ¦¸ðKzK
ÌÐ=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=×− ¼=˚₣ š½š=½¹ˇŁ ¸þšÐ=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½−=
ÛÝÐðş =ý− ¼K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =š×г½¹˚Ğ š½š=³½žÞ=šþ𠽚¹Ðð¸=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸=
×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„þğ ½K=¾ğ½−ł ¹K=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸?=¸=
P
×Ð˚ ³½š=
=³½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =šÐð−Þ− ³ð−×˝ − ¼K
Y
K=fl×Ý˙=×Ð ˚³½š= Y=
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸ PT
„łł ¹ˇ ¾¸=sáÇÉç=`äáéë
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ł ¹˙Ğ š½š=обЗЙз=Едбйл=эš=½− =½žÝ˚¾ğ Þş =³ˇ ²K
„łł ¹ˇ ¾¸=sáÇÉç=`äáéë
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?
Â=×¹− š×гðş מ³ž=šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=³½žÞ=−¦ş ÞžK
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
OK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇðşĞš½š=½žÞ=šłł ¹ˇ ¾¸I=×Ð˚ ³½š= K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž?K
Ú− =обЗЙз=Едбй=ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆš½ˇÐ=³½ž=¦˚³ž=Ú −=¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼K
„˙ Þ=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =ð˙ Þš½š=×¹− š×гðş מ³ž=×¹ÐÞ=½žÞ=
ˇ ×− ¦¸ðš¼³žI=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹ − š×гð ş×ž³ž?K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½š=½− =обЗЙз=ЕдбйI=šЧРЭ˚ þ½š=?fl×− ¦¸ðK=C=
fl ×− ³½ − ݸ?K=Ò½ž=³¼Þ ˚₣ šÐ ˇ =š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=½ − Þ=½¹ ş×− =ˇ × − ³½ − ݸ²=
×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½šK=·Ðˇ =×¹ş ³¦š½š²=ŠÐˇ ŠÐðˇ³˝ š²I=Šš˝½š=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=
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Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
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Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½š=½ˇ=обЗЙз=Едбйл=эşÞ− Þ=š˙ Þ=˚₣š½š=š×ÐÝ ˚þšÐ=
?·Ðˇ=fl×− ³½K=ÍžÞ?=ł Ðˇ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =šłł ¹ˇ ¾¸²K=·Ðˇ=
Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²I=Šš˝ ½š=?„×ÐÝ−ł¸=‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ²=ðˇ Ð=Íšł˚¦ − ¼²=
„łł ¹ˇ ¾¸²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ QOK
Ë− ÐÞ˚ ²=Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=ł Ðˇ =½ž=Țн−¼¹ł˝ˇ =
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ð𸲠͞₣ˇ Þ¸²=ðˇ Ð=½ž=Țн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =sáÇÉç
ı ¹¸³ž=½ž²=È šÐ½−¼¹ł ˝ˇ²=ˆž¾Ðˇ ð −Ć =wççã
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=„×Ð× ˚Š− ¼=wççã
NK
Ò½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=šÐð−Þ− ³ð−×˝ − ¼=×Ð˚ ³½š= a=¸=bK
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=½−=½žÝ ˚ ¾ğ Þ − =š×г½¹ ˚ ĞšÐ=³½žÞ=ð ˇ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇ Þˇý− Þ¸²I= − Ð=
¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=òççã=š×ˇÞ˚¹₣− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½žÞ=×¹− š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž=¹Ć ¦ýгžK
Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸=½ž²=÷𦚳ž²
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→=?÷𦚳ž?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=a=EÙ𠽚ÐÞ¸F=¸=b=EÒð−Ć ¹ˇ FK
W=EÒð −Ć ¹ ˇ=→=Ë ˇÞ− ÞÐð¸= →=٠𠽚ÐÞ¸F
⁄½ ˇÞ=½ −=½žÝ ˚¾ğ Þ− =š×г½¹ ˚ĞšÐ=³½žÞ=ð ˇ½ ˙³½ ˇ³ž= ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²I=− Ð=
¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=¾ğ ½šÐÞş ½ž½ˇ ²=š×ˇÞ˚¹₣− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½žÞ=×¹−š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž=
¹Ć ¦ýгžK
PU Ù ğ½ −ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=Íž ₣ˇ Þ¸
ı¹¸³ž=½ −¼= ı¹− Þ− ŠÐ ˇðş ×½ž
Ë˙ Þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ ½˙ Ýݞݞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸K
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇÞ¸?= →=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²?=→=
?ı ¹− Þ− ŠÐˇ ðş ×½ž²?=EȚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=Ù ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸²F
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇÞ¸?=
Eݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =Ł ÐÞ½š−ð˙ ý𹎠²F
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
Ú− =? ?=šý¾ˇ Þ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=³½žÞ=− ¦ş Þž=š˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş?K
„Þˇ Ýݡł ¸=ýš½ˇþĆ =½ž²=Țн− ¼¹ł ˝ˇ ²=Ùğ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸²=ðˇ Ð=
½ž²=Țн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ ²=sáÇÉç
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =šÞˇ ÝÝ˙ ³³š³½š=ýš½ˇþĆ =½ž²=ݚн−¼¹ł˝ˇ²=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸²=ðˇ Ð=Ł˝ Þ½š− =×Ð˚Ž− Þ½ˇ ²=
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸K
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇÞ¸?= →=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?‡ÐÞ½š−ð˙ ý𹎠?
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇÞ¸?=
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=½ž²=Ó−Ðş ½ž½ˇ ²=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ ²=¸=sáÇÉç
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸K
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇÞ¸?= →=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Ó−Ðş ½K=Ùğ½−ł¹K?
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇÞ¸?=
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=×−Ðş½ž½ˇ=¾ ğ½−ł¹ˇ¾˝ˇ ²=¸=обЗЙз=Ч− ¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
WÓ−ÝĆ=ÛĞžÝ¸
WÛĞžÝ¸
WˡÞ− ÞÐð¸
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
⁄ ³− =ð ˇ ÝĆ ½š¹ž=× −Ðş ½ž½ ˇ =š×Ð Ý ˚ þš½šI=½ ş³− =ýš łˇÝ Ć ½š¹ − =¦ ˇ =š ˝Þˇ Ð=
½− =ý˚ł š¦− ²=ˇ ¹₣ š˝− ¼K
→
=x„×ÐÝKz=→=?ı¹− Þ− ŠÐˇðş ×½ž²?=
c
→
=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Ùğ½−ł ¹K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?
→
=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Ó−Ðş ½ž½ˇ =Úˇ ÐÞ˝ˇ ²?
=¸=dK
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=½ž²=ÍÞ¸ýž²=fl×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž²
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸K
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?fl×− ¦¸ðK=
Þ˚ğ Þ=¾ğ ½−ł¹K?
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=
Î˚ğ Þ=sáÇÉç?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=¦˚ ³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½š=ˇ×ş = ?Ò½ž=ýÞK=³¼³ðK?I=?Ò½žÞ=
Ë˙ ¹½ˇ =ÍÞ¸ýž²?=¸=?„×ÐÝK=×¹−=½ž²=ˇ×−¦K?K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
„˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?„×ÐÝK=×¹− =½ž²=ˇ×−¦K?I=š×ÐÝ˚ł š½š=½ž=¦˚ ³ž=ð˙ ¦š=
¾− ¹˙ =×− ¼=ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆ š½šK
fl¼½ şý ˇ½ž= ˇ×−¦¸ðš¼³ž
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½žÞ=ˇ ¼½şýˇ ½ž=ˇ ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž=ðˇ Ð=½ğ Ю=
обЗЙз=Едбй=½ğ Þ=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðć ÞK
?Ù ğ½ −ł ¹ˇ¾K=Íž ₣ ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Ô¼¦ý ˝³šÐ²?=→=? fl¼½ ş ýK=
fl×− ¦¸ðK?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
^енбJСдбЕвЙк
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šР²?=→=
?^енбJСдбЕвЙк?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ȚнK=NW=RMeò?=¸=?ȚнK=OW=SMeò?K
ı ¹¸³ž=½ž²=Țн− ¼¹ ł˝ˇ ²=‡ − ž¦ š ˝ˇ ²
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?‡− ¸¦šÐˇ?
→
=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?fl×− ¦K=
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸ PV
Ë− ÐÞ˙ =ÓÝ¸ð½¹ˇ =Ò¼Þ½ş ýš¼³ž²
„˙ Þ=¼×˙¹ ₣− ¼Þ=×− Ýݡ×Ý˚ ²=š×ÐÝ−ł˚ ²I=ˇ¼½˚²= ˇÝÝ˙Ž− ¼Þ=ð˙ ¦š=¾−¹˙ =
×− ¼=×Ð˚ Žš½š=˚ Þˇ =ˇ ׺ =½ˇ =ס ¹ˇ ð˙ ½ğ =×Ý¸ð½¹ˇ K
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸ ‡ÐÞ½š− ð˙ ýš¹ˇ
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Â=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=?„ÞˇÝݡł ¸=−¦ş Þž²?=š˝Þˇ Ð=ŠÐˇ¦˚ ³Ðýž=³½žÞ=
?Ó¹− š×гðş מ³ž?=×¹ÐÞ=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ ³š½š=˚Þˇ =обЗЙз=ЕдбйK=‚š˝½š=
?„łł ¹ˇ ¾¸=sáÇÉç=`äáéë?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ PUK
fl ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž=Î ˚ ğÞ=
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾Ðć Þ=³šKKK
Ó− Ðş ½K=Ùğ ½−ł ¹K Ó− Ðş ½ž½ˇ =Úˇ ÐÞ˝ˇ ²
ı¹− Þ− ŠÐ ˇðş ×½ž²=„Þš¹łş ²LÍž=„Þš¹łş ²
flÝÝ ˇł¸=„³ 𽚹Ðð¸²L„þ𠽚¹Ðð¸²=¾ğ½ −ł¹ˇ¾Ðð¸²=
„Þˇ Ýݡł ¸=šÐð−Þ− ³ð− ×K „Þˇ Ýݡł ¸=−¦ş Þž²
wççã=Í˚ł KL„Ý˙₣K
÷𦚳ž
fl ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž=Î ˚ ğÞ=sáÇÉç=
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Í˚ł š¦− ²=Ùğ ½−ł¹K
ÍÐð¹ş¾ğÞ− =„Þš¹łş LÍž=
šÞš¹łş
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Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸²=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸²
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=½− ¼=Íšł˚¦ − ¼²=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½− =ý˚ł š¦− ²=½ğÞ=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾ÐćÞK=⁄Ýš²= −Ð=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=×− ¼=ݸ¾¦žðˇ Þ=ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆ− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½− =¾− ¹ý˙ =gmbdK
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Í˚ł š¦− ²=Ùğ½−ł ¹K?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =ý˚ł š¦− ²=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
E„þ𠽚¹Ðð¸=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸F
E„³ğ ½š¹Ðð¸=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸F
×
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QUM=
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?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇÞ¸?= →=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²?=→=?Ò ¼Þ š₣ ¸²=
ȸРž?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=ݚР½−¼¹ł˝ˇ=× − ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
‚Ðˇ½˝ ¦šÞ½ˇ Ð=− Ð=ס¹ˇð˙½ğ =ݚн−¼¹ł˝ š²=³¼Þš₣−Ć ²=Ý¸Ğ ž²W
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ł Ðˇ =ýš ł ˚¦ž=¾ ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾ ˝ˇ²=ýšłˇÝ Ć ½š¹ ˇ =ˇ ׺ =QUM=
ð− ¼ð˝ Šš²K
Ú¹ ˇŁ ˙ =Q=¸=V=³¼Þš ₣ş ýšÞš²=¾ ğ½ −ł ¹ˇ¾ ˝š²K
fl¾−Ć =š×ÐÝ ˚þš½š= ˇ¼½¸=½ž=ݚн −¼¹ ł ˝ˇI=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=˚Þˇ Þ=ˇ×ş =½− ¼²=×˚ Þ½š=½Ć×− ¼²=
½ˇ₣Ć ½ž½ˇ ²=¸=?ı šÐ¹− ð˝ Þž½ž?K
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=³š=ý˝ˇ =šÞÐˇ˝ˇ =
ŠžýÐ− ¼¹łćÞ½ˇ ²=ý˝ˇ =³¼Þмˇ ³ý˚ Þž=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ K
Íš½˙ =½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=ˇ ¼½¸²=½ž²=
ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ ²I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·¹¸ł− ¹ž?=¸=
?ˡÞ− ÞÐð¸?K
×
=NMOQ=
×
=SQM=
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=šÞş ²=Óݡ г˝−¼
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=˚Þˇ =×ݡ˝ ³Ð−=ˇ ׺ =×¹− ¹¼¦ýгý˚Þˇ =³₣˚ ŠÐˇ=
¸=ˇ×ş =½Ð²=Ùğ ½ −ł ¹K=Í−¼
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?= →=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²?=→=?Ó¹− ³¦K=
Óݡ г˝− ¼?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ¹¼¦ýK=Óݡ˝ ³Ðˇ ?=¸=?ÌÐ=Ùğ½−ł¹K=Í−¼?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =×ݡ˝ ³Ð− =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Ú− =š×ÐÝšł ý˚ Þ− =×ݡ˝ ³Ð− =š×ÐŁ šŁˇ Ðć Þš½ˇ Ð=³½žÞ=− ¦ş ÞžK
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
ÌÐ=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝š²=×−¼=š˝Þˇ Ð=ýšłˇÝ Ć ½š¹š²=ˇ×ş =OQM=xÓz= ×=POM=xÛz=
ð− ¼ð˝ Šš²=ŠšÞ=ý×−¹−Ć Þ=Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− О¦−Ć ÞK
ı¹¸³ž=½ž²=Óݸ¹− ¼²=̦ş Þž²
Í× −¹š ˝ ½š=Þ ˇ =šý¾ ˇÞ ˝ ³š½š=½žÞ=×¹ −š×гð ş×ž³ž=³š=×ݸ¹ž= −¦ ş Þž=
₣ğ¹˝ ²=Þˇ=šý¾ˇÞ ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ž=ך¹Ð−₣¸=½ ğÞ=×ݸð½¹ğÞ=šÝ˚ł₣− ¼=ðˇ Ð=½ğÞ=
šÞŠš ˝ þš ğÞK
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Óݸ¹š²=„Ðð−Þ−³ðK?K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =š×г½¹˚Ğ š½š=³½− =ðˇÞ− ÞÐðş =šÐð− Þ− ³ðş ×Ð− I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
?ˡÞ− ÞK=„Ðð− Þ− ³ðK?K
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸ QN
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=½− ¼=◊₣− ¼=ËÝš˝ ³½¹−¼
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?◊₣− ²=
ËÝš˝ ³½¹− ¼?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=¸₣− =ðÝš˝ ³½¹− ¼=ˇ×ş=P=×¹− ¹¼¦ýгý˚Þˇ =ý−½˝Ł ˇK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
·Ðˇ =½ž=Ò¼Þš₣ ¸=ȸРž=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×− К˝ ½ˇ Ð=˚ Þˇ ²=þš₣ğ¹Ð³½ş ²=¸₣− ²=
ðÝš˝ ³½¹− ¼I=−=−×−˝ − ²=ŠšÞ=ý×− ¹š˝ =Þˇ =ˇ Ýݡ₣ ¦š˝=
₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− Ðć Þ½ˇ²=½Ð²=×¹−ˇÞˇ ¾š¹ ş ýšÞš²=¹¼¦ý ˝ ³šÐ²K
≥
Ì=¸₣− ²=ðÝš˝ ³½¹−¼=ס¹ˇý˚ÞšÐ=šÞš¹ łş²=ˇð şýž=ðˇÐ=ş½ˇ Þ=ž=
?·šÞÐð¸=˚ Þ½ˇ ³ž=¾ğ Þ¸²?=E³šÝK UQF=š˝Þˇ Ð=¹¼¦ýгý˚Þž=³š=
?ÒÐğ מݺ ?=łÐˇ =ˇ ×− ½¹− ׸=ýž=šþ− ¼³Ð−Š− ½žý˚ Þž²=₣¹¸³ž²K
Țн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=‡ÐÞ½š−ð˙ ý𹎲
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ²=ðˇ Ð=Íšł˚¦− ¼²=„łł ¹ˇ¾¸²
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→=?‚Ð˙ ¹ðKLÍ˚ł K=šłł ¹ˇ ¾¸²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·Ðˇ=fl×− ³ ½K=ÍžÞ?=¸=?Íšł˙Ý− =sáÇÉç?K
?·Ðˇ=fl×− ³½K=ÍžÞ?W Óš¹Ð− ¹˝ ŽšÐ=½− =ý˚ł š¦− ²=łÐˇ =½ž Þ =ˇ×− ³½− ݸ=
?Íšł˙Ý − =sáÇÉç?W ÈÐłş½š¹−=ˇ ׺=PM=Ýš×½˙ K=Ešþˇ ¹½˙½ˇ Ð=ˇ×ş =
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Íšł˙Ý − En `fcF?=¸=?ÍÐð¹ş EpìÄn`fcF?=ý˚łš¦−²=łÐˇ =
?·Ðˇ=fl×−³½K=ÍžÞ?=ðˇ Ð=?nsd^EPÖéF?I=?nsd^E~ëÑF?I=
?Íšł˙Ý −En`fcF?=¸=?ÍÐð¹ş EpìÄn`fcF?=ý˚ł š¦ −²=łÐˇ =½−=
?Íšł˙Ý −=sáÇÉç?K
ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=ˇÞ˙Ý−ł ˇ =ýš=½− Þ=ס¹−₣ ˚ˇ=
ŠÐð½Ć− ¼K
½ž=₣ğ ¹ž½Ððş ½ž½ˇ =½ž²=ýÞ¸ýž²F
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
„˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?·Ðˇ=fl×−³½K=ÍžÞ?=łÐˇ =½ž=Š Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =šłł¹ˇ ¾¸²I=½−=
ý˚ł š¦− ²=½− ¼=ˇ¹₣ š˝−¼=ך¹Ð−¹ ˝Žš½ˇÐ=ˇÞ˙Ý−ł ˇ=ýš=½−Þ=× ˇ¹−₣ ˚ˇ=
¼×ž¹š³Ðć ÞK
≥
Ú− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =?fl×− ¦¸ðK=C=fl×− ³½−ݸ?=ŠšÞ=šý¾ˇÞ˝Žš½ˇÐ=ýš½˙=½žÞ=
šłł ¹ˇ ¾¸=³½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =Íšł˙Ý − ¼=sáÇÉçK
„łł ¹ˇ ¾¸=sáÇÉç=`äáéë=ýš=◊₣−
·Ðˇ =Þˇ=ł ¹˙Ğ š½š=˚Þˇ =обЗЙз=Едбй=эš=¸₣− =¦ˇ =×¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ=˚₣ š½š=
šÞš¹ł− ×− и³šÐ=½− =ýÐð¹ş ¾ğ Þ− K
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=
→
=?ÍÐð¹ş¾ğÞ−?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Ú− =ýÐð¹ş ¾ğ Þ− =š˝ Þˇ Ð=¸Šž=šÞš¹ł− ×− Оý˚ Þ− =³½žÞ=
×¹− š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž=¹Ć ¦ýгžK=„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?=łÐˇ =Þˇ =
ł ¹˙ Ğ š½š=˚Þˇ =обЗЙз=Едбй= ₣ğ ¹˝ ²=¸ ₣− K
≥
Ú− =ý˚ł š¦− ²=ˇ¹₣ š˝−¼=łÐ ˇ=½−=обЗЙз=Едбй=эЧ− ¹š˝=Þˇ =ýšÐ𠦚˝ =š˙ Þ=
ŠšÞ=šłł ¹ˇ ¾š˝ =½ˇ ¼½ş₣ ¹− Þˇ =ðˇ Ð=− =¸₣− ²K
Ëğ ŠÐð− ×−˝ž³ž=sáÇÉç
?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾K=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→ ?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ëğ ŠÐð− ×K=
sáÇÉç?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=ðğ ŠÐð−×−˝ ž³žK
QO Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=Íž₣ˇ Þ¸
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ
Ú −=½žÝ ˚ ¾ ğÞ −=³ ˙ ²=š×н¹ ˚ ךÐ=Þ ˇ =³½ ˚ ÝÞš½š=ð ˇÐ=Þˇ =Ý ˇýŁ ˙ Þš½š=
ł¹ˇ ×½˙ =ýžÞ Ćýˇ ½ˇ I=ýžÞ Ćýˇ ½ˇ =× −ݼý ˚³ ğÞ=ðˇÐ=„ã~áäK
=Ej=QF
pjp
Â=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =pjp=³˙ ²=š×н¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =³½˚ ÝÞš½š=ł¹ˇ ×½˙ =ýžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ =
ýšł˚¦ − ¼²=˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=TSR=₣ˇ¹ˇð½¸¹š²K=„˙ Þ=³½š˝ Ýš½š=˚Þˇ=ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =ýš=
ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹− ¼²=ˇ×ş =NSM=₣ ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²I=½ş ½š=ˇ ¼½ş=₣ğ¹˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=³š=
ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹ˇ =½ý¸ýˇ½ˇK
jjp
Â=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =jjp=³˙ ²=š×н¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =ݡýŁ ˙ Þš½š=ðˇ Ð=Þˇ =³½˚ ÝÞš½š=
ýžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ =×− ݼý˚³ğ Þ=₣ğ¹ž½Ððş ½ž½ˇ ²=˚ğ²=ðˇÐ=PMM h_=ýš=
³¼Þžýý˚ Þš²=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²I=¸₣− ¼²=¸=обЗЙз=ЕдбйлK
bã~áä
Â=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=bã~áä=³˙ ²=š×н¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½š=ýžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ =
ýšł˚¦ − ¼²=˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=PMM h_K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
̹гý˚ Þš²=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=jjp=šÞŠ˚₣ 𽎠Ð=Þˇ =ýžÞ=š˝Þˇ Ð=
ŠÐˇ¦˚ ³Ðýš²=×˙ Þ½−½šI=×¹˙ łýˇ =×−¼=šþˇ¹½˙½ˇÐ=ˇ×ş =½− =Š˝ ð½¼ş =
³ˇ ²K=·Ðˇ =ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹š²=Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²I=š×Ðð− ÐÞğ Þ¸³½š=ýš=½− Þ=
ס ¹−₣˚ˇ =ŠÐð½Ć−¼K
≥
Ú− =ý˚ł г½− =ý˚ł š¦−²=½−¼=ýžÞĆýˇ ½−²=šþˇ¹½˙½ˇÐ=ˇ× ş=½Ð²=
¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=×−¼=˚₣ šÐ=×¹ˇłý ˇ½−×−и³šÐ=−=¾−¹˚ˇ²=¼×ž¹š³Ðć ÞK
N
O
Q
P
NK ÓšŠ˝− =ס¹ˇ ݸ׽ž
OK ÓšŠ˝− =ýžÞĆýˇ ½−²
PK ÷ÞŠšÐþž=ˇ×− ³½− ݸ²
QK „ÞŠš˝ þšÐ²=³¼Þžýý˚Þğ Þ=Eˇ×ş =ˇ ¹Ð³½š¹˙ W=šÐðşÞˇ I=¸₣− ²I=обЗЙз=
ÅäáéI=˙ ÝݡF
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ QP
‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =Î˚− ¼=ÍžÞĆýˇ½− ²
EpjpLjjpF
A
=→=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=→=?͸޼ýˇ?
Ebã~áäF
A
=→=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=→=?bã~áä?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =×šŠ˝− =ŠÐšĆ¦¼Þ³ž²K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×Ц¼ýž½¸=ý˚¦− Š− =šÐ³ˇłğł ¸²=ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ ž²K
PK
·Ðˇ =jjpI=šÐ³˙ł š½š=¸=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=bã~áä=¸=½− Þ=
ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş=½ž Ýš¾ćÞ− ¼=ˇ× ş =½ ž=È˝³½ˇ =„ס ¾ć ÞK=·Ð ˇ =pjpI=
šÐ³˙ł š½š=¸=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=˚Þˇ Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş=½žÝš¾ćÞ−¼K=·Ðˇ =bã~áäI=
šÐ³˙ł š½š=¸=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=ý˝ˇ =ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=bã~áäK
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =×¹− ³¦˚ ³½š=×− Ýݡ ×Ý˚ ²=ŠÐš¼¦Ć Þ³šÐ²=bã~áä=¸=
½žÝš¾ğ ÞÐð−Ć ²=ˇ¹Ð¦ý−Ć ²I=ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×šŠ˝− =½− ¼=
ס ¹ˇ ݸ׽žI=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKzI=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþš¹ł K=
fl ×− Ššð½ ć Þ?I=³½ž=³¼Þ ˚ ₣šÐ ˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³¦K=„× ˇ ¾¸²?K=
„г˙ł š½š=¸=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=bã~áä=¸=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş=
½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=ˇ×ş =½žÞ=¼×˙¹₣− ¼³ˇ =È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס¾ć ÞK
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ=ˇ ÝÝ˙ þš½š=½− Þ=½Ć×− =ס¹ˇ Ýž×½ć Þ=×Ð˚³½š=x„×ÐÝKzI=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþš¹ł K=fl×− Ššð½ć Þ?=ðˇ Ð=ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− Þ=
ס ¹ˇ ݸ׽ž=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½šK=ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
?fl Ýݡł ¸=³š=ÓÔÌÒ?I=?fl Ýݡł ¸=³š=``?=¸=?fl Ýݡł ¸=³š=_``?K
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =×¹− ³¦˚ ³š½š=˚Þˇ =¦˚ýˇ I=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝ−ł˚ ²z=ðˇ Ð=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ³¦K=Ê˚ýˇ½− ²?K=
QK
Ú− ×− ¦š½¸³½š=½− =й−ý˚ˇ=³½− =×šŠ˝−=ýžÞĆýˇ½− ²K
RK
„г˙ł š½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇK
SK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=˚ÞŠšÐþž=?fl×− ³½− ݸ?=³½žÞ=ð˙½ğ =ˇ¹Ð³½š¹¸=łğ Þ˝ˇ=
½ž²=−¦ş Þž²K=ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×− ³½− ݸ=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?K
Íš½˙ =½žÞ=ˇ×− ³½− ݸ=½− ¼I=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =ý𽎾˚ ¹š½ˇ Ð=³½−=
¾˙ ðšÝ− =?Ò½ˇ Ýý˚ Þˇ ?K
=Ej=QJNF
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½š=½−=˝ ŠÐ− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ=³š=ý˝ˇ =− ý˙Ў =ס ¹ˇÝž×½ćÞI=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„×ÐÝ−ł¸=− ý˙ Ў ²?=³½− =Ł ¸ýˇ =P =ðˇÐI=³½ž=³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇ I=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=şÞ− ýˇ =½ž²=− ý˙ Ў ²=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK=·Ðˇ =ך¹Ð ³ ³ş ½š¹š²=
×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²= ³₣š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½ž=ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =Ý˝ ³½ˇ ²= ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ ÞI=Šš˝ ½š=
?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=Î˚ˇ ²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ PQK
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=šÞş²=päáÇÉ=pÜçï
NK
Ò½−=Ł ¸ýˇ =R=³½ž=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚−¼=ÍžÞĆýˇ½− ²?I=×Ð˚³½š=
x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=päáÇÉ?K
„˙ Þ=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹− ³¦˚ ³š½š=ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹ˇ =лдбЗЙлI=šЧРЭ˚ þ½š=
?Ó¹− ³¦¸рž=лдбЗЙ=эš½˙ ?=¸=?Ó¹− ³¦¸рž=лдбЗЙ=Ч¹РЮ?K
OK
„г˙ł š½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇK
„˙ Þ=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=− ¹˝ ³š½š=½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ð˙ ¦š=лдбЗЙI=эˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½−=
ŠÐ˙ ³½žýˇ =ýš ½ ˇþĆ =½ ğ Ю=лдбЗЙлK=УР˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKzI=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ=
лдбЗЙ?=рˇ ÐI=ðˇ½ş ×ÐÞI=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×Ц¼ýž½¸=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇK
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =Šž ý Ð − ¼¹ł ¸³š½š=ýžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ =ýšł˚¦ − ¼²=˚ğ ²=ðˇÐ=PMM=
h_K=Ë˙ ¦š=лдбЗЙ=эЧ− ¹š˝ =Þˇ =ך ¹Ð˚₣ šÐ=ý˝ˇ =¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾ ˝ˇ =¸Lðˇ Ð=˚Þˇ=
ˇ ¹₣ š ˝ −=¸₣− ¼=¸=обЗЙз=ЕдбйK
„×гĆÞˇ Ğ ž=‚šŠ−ý˚ ÞğÞ=ˇ×ş =Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý−¼
NK
Ò½−=Ł ¸ýˇ=R=³½ž=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚ −¼=ÍžÞĆýˇ½− ²?I=ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=
½žÞ=˚ ÞŠšÐþž=?„ÐðşÞˇ ?I=?◊₣−²?=¸=?‡˝ Þ½š−?=³½− =ð˙½ğ = ðšÞ½¹Ððş=
½ý¸ýˇ =½ž²=−¦ş Þž²=ðˇ ÐI=³½ž=³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇ I=×Ð˚ ³½š= K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š==?fl×− ¦K=Ùğ ½−ł¹K?I=?fl×− ¦žðš¼ý˚Þ− Ð=¸₣− Ð?=¸=
?fl ×− ¦žðš¼ý˚Þˇ=Ł ˝ Þ½š−?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
QQ ÍžÞĆýˇ½ˇ
„˙ Þ=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =½¹ˇŁ ¸þš½š=Þ˚ š²=¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ š²I=Þˇ =
ž₣−ł ¹ˇ ¾¸³š½š=¸₣− ¼²=¸=Þˇ =ł ¹˙Ğš½š=обЗЙз=ЕдбйлI=šЧРЭ ˚þ½š=
?ȸРž=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ ²?I=?„łł ¹ˇ ¾¸=¸₣−¼?=¸=?„łł¹ˇ ¾¸=sáÇÉç?K
≥
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=š×г¼Þ˙ ×½š½š=ˇ ¹₣ š ˝ˇ =gmbdI=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ ½˙ Ýݞݞ=
š×ÐÝ−ł¸=ˇ Ýݡł ¸²=ýšł˚¦ − ¼²I=ˇ¾−Ć =½− =ý ˚łÐ³½−=ý ˚łš¦−²=šÞş²=
ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=šþˇ ¹½˙½ˇ Ð=ˇ×ş =½− Þ=ס¹ −₣˚ˇ =¼×ž¹š³Ðć ÞK
„×гĆÞˇ Ğ ž=ý˝ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס¾ć Þ
NK
Ò½−=Ł ¸ýˇ =R=³½ž=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚ −¼=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½−²?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ QQI=ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=˚ ÞŠšÐþž=?¿Ý ݡ?=³½žÞ=ð ˙½ğ =ŠšþÐ˙ =
łğ Þ˝ˇ =½ž²= − ¦ ş Þž²K=ÓÐ ˚ ³½š= =ð ˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=?„×г ĆÞˇ Ğ ž=
š×ˇ ¾¸²?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
„˙ Þ=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½ž=ŠÐð¸=³ˇ ²=ðˇ ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=
„ס¾ć ÞI=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ò½−Ð₣ K=„ס ¾K=Í− ¼?K
„×гĆÞˇ Ğ ž=ý˝ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²=ı¹− Þ− ŠÐˇł¹˙ ýýˇ ½−²
NK
Ò½−=ُýˇ =R=³½ž=?‚žýÐ − ¼¹ł˝ˇ =Î˚− ¼=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ QQI=
ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=˚ ÞŠšÐþž=?¿Ýݡ ?=³½žÞ=ð˙½ğ =ŠšþÐ˙=łğ Þ˝ˇ=½ž²=
− ¦ş Þž²K=ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =ð ˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=?„×г ĆÞˇĞž=³¼Þ˙ Þ½ž³ž²?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=žý˚¹ˇ =×− ¼=ך¹ÐݡýŁ ˙ ÞšÐ=½Ð²=ðˇ½ˇ₣𹸳šÐ²=
₣ ¹− Þ− ŠÐˇł¹˙ ýý ˇ ½ − ²=×− ¼=¦ ˚ Ýš½š=Þ ˇ =š×г¼Þ ˙Ğ š½šK
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž=₣¹−Þ−ŠÐ ˇł¹ ˙ýýˇ½− ²=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Íš½ˇð˝ Þž³ž=¸=fl¾ˇ˝ ¹š³ž=Ò¼Þžýý˚Þğ Þ
NK
Ò½−=ُýˇ=R=³½ž=
×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ˇ Þ½˝ ³½−Ð₣ ž=š×ÐÝ−ł¸=
ˇ ¾ˇ˝ ¹š³ž²=łÐ ˇ =ð˙ ¦š=³¼Þžýý˚Þ−K
?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =Î˚− ¼=Í žÞĆýˇ½− ²?=³½ž=³š Ý˝ Ў QQ
ı ¹¸³ž=½ğÞ=„×ÐÝ−łć Þ= fl ×− ³½ − ݸ²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½š=½Ð²=š×ÐÝ−ł˚ ²=ˇ×− ³½− ݸ²=
ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ=ł Ðˇ =ð˙ ¦š=½Ć×− =ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²K
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=˚ ÞŠšÐþž=?fl ×− ³½− ݸ?=³½žÞ=ð˙½ğ =ˇ¹Ð³½š¹¸=łğÞ˝ˇ =
½ž²=−¦ş Þž²I=³½ž=³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇ =×Ð˚ ³½š= =ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=
ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ?K
≥
?fl Þˇ ¾− ¹˙ =fl Þ˙ł Þğ ³ž²?=E?„Þš¹łş?I=?fl ÞšÞš¹łş?F=EjjpFW=
„×ÐŁšŁˇÐ ć ÞšÐ=š˙ Þ=¦ˇ=ˇ×− ³½ˇÝš˝=¸=ş₣ Ð=ý˝ˇ=ˇ Þˇ ¾− ¹˙ =×− ¼=¦ˇ =
šÐŠ−×− К˝ =½− Þ=ˇ×− ³½− Ý˚ˇ=ş ½Ð=˚₣ šÐ=ŠÐˇŁ ˇ ³½š˝ =½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇK
≥
?fl Þˇ ¾− ¹˙ =Óˇ ¹˙ Š− ³ž²?=E?„Þš¹łş?I=?fl ÞšÞš¹łş?F=EpjpL
jjpFW=„Þš¹ł− ×− К˝ =¸=ˇ ךޚ¹ł− ×− К˝ =½žÞ=fl Þˇ ¾− ¹˙ =
Óˇ ¹˙ Š− ³ž²=ł Ðˇ =½žÞ=š×н¼₣ ¸=ˇ ×− ³½− ݸ=½− ¼=ýžÞĆ ýˇ ½− ²=
³½− Þ=ס¹ˇ ݸ׽žK
≥
?›¹ˇ =ȸþž²?=E?Í˚ł г½ž?I=?PM=Ýš×½˙ ?I=?N=㹎 ?I=?S=ć ¹š²?I=
?N=žý˚¹ˇ ?I=?N=šŁŠ−ý˙ Ў ?=EpjpLjjpFW=̹˝ ŽšÐ=½žÞ=›¹ˇ=
ȸþž²=ý˚₣ ¹Ð=½žÞ=−×−˝ˇ =˚ Þˇ =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =¦ˇ =ס ¹ˇ ý˚ ÞšÐ=
ˇ ×−¦žðš¼ý ˚ Þ−=³½ −=ŠÐ ˇ ð−ýг½¸K
≥
?Ó¹− ½š¹ˇÐş ½ž½ˇ ?=E?ÛĞ žÝ¸?I=?ˡÞ− ÞÐð¸?I=?ıˇ ýžÝ¸?FW=
„ð₣𠹚˝ =×¹− ½š¹ˇÐş ½ž½š²=³½ˇ =ýžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ =×− ¼=ŠžýÐ− ¼¹łš˝ ½šK
≥
?›¹ ˇ =Ó ˇ¹ ˙ Š−³ž²?=E?Ë ˇý ˝ˇ =ð ˇ ¦¼³½ ˚ ¹ž³ž?I=?PM=Ýš×½ ˙ ?I=?N=
㹎 ?I=?S= ć¹š²?I=?N=žý˚¹ ˇ ?I=?N=šŁŠ −ý˙ Ў ?=EpjpLjjpFW=
̹ ˝ ŽšÐ=½ −= ₣ ¹ ş Þ − =ý ˚₣ ¹Ð=½žÞ=× ˇ¹ ˙ Š−³ž=½ −¼=ýžÞĆýˇ ½ − ²K
OK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=˚ ÞŠšÐþž=?fl×− ³½− ݸ?=³½žÞ=ð˙½ğ =ˇ ¹Ð³½š¹¸ =
łğ Þ˝ˇ =½ž²= − ¦ şÞž²K=ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =ð ˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=? fl×− ³½ − ݸ=
I=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?K
Íš½˙ =½žÞ=ˇ×− ³½− ݸ=½− ¼I=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =ý𽎾˚ ¹š½ˇ Ð=³½−=
¾˙ ðšÝ− =?Ò½ˇ Ýý˚ Þˇ ?K
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ QR
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Ú− =½¹˚₣− Þ=ý˚ł š¦− ²=ýžÞĆ ýˇ ½− ²=×−¼=šý¾ˇÞ˝Žš½ˇÐ=ðˇ½˙=½ž=
ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ŠžýÐ−¼¹ł˝ˇ ²=½− ¼=ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=š˝Þˇ Ð=×¹− ³šłł г½ÐðşK
≥
„˙ Þ=˚ Þˇ =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =ŠšÞ=ý×− ¹š˝ =Þˇ=ˇ×− ³½ˇÝš˝=ł Ðˇ =ð˙×− Ð−=Ýşł− I=
½ş ½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ=ס¹ˇý˚ ÞšÐ=³½ˇ =„þš¹₣şýšÞˇ =ðˇ Ð=³½žÞ=
ðˇ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇ Þˇ ý− Þ¸²=šý¾ˇ Þ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=½− =? ?K
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ ³š½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ=₣ğ ¹˝ ²=Þˇ =½− =³½š˝Ýš½šI=×Ð˚ ³½š=
x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚þ½š=?fl×− ¦K=³½ˇ=Ó¹ş₣ K?=³½−=ُý ˇ=R=³½ž=
?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =Î˚− ¼=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=½ž²=³šÝ˝Šˇ ²QQ=K
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½š=½ˇ =ס¹ˇð˙½ğ =³½−Ð₣š˝ˇ =ğ²=³¼Þžýý˚Þˇ=
³½ˇ =ýžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ =×− ݼý˚³ğ ÞK=Èš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=ˇ Þˇ ¾˚¹− Þ½ˇÐ=³½Ð²=
ס ¹ˇ ð˙ ½ğ =šÞş ½ž½š²K
≥
‚šŠ−ý˚ Þˇ =ˇ ׺ =Ú− =¼ÝÐðş=ý−¼
≥
ˡ ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž=È ˝ ³½ˇ ²=„ס ¾ć Þ
≥
fl ¹₣ š ˝ −=Eð ˇ ½ˇ ₣ć¹ž³ž=₣¹− Þ− ŠÐ ˇł¹ ˙ ýý ˇ½− ²=× − ¼= ˚ ₣šÐ=
ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł ž¦š˝ =³½− =Âýš¹−ÝşłÐ−I=ðˇ½ˇ ₣ć¹ž³ž=È˝³½ˇ²=
š×ˇ¾ć ÞF=ðÝ×K
≥
Í× −¹š ˝ ½š= ˇðş ýž=Þ ˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý −× − и³š½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ −ł¸=×¹ −½ Ć × ğ Þ=
łÐˇ =Þˇ =³¼Þ¦˚ ³š½š=˚Þ ˇ =ý¸Þ¼ýˇK=·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣š½Ðð˙ =ýš=
½ž=₣ ¹¸³ž=ˇ ¼½¸²=½ž²=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸²I=Šš˝ ½š=?ı ¹¸³ž=Ó¹−½Ć×ğ Þ?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ OUK
fl×− ³½− ݸ=ÍžÞĆ ý ˇ½− ²= ˇ×ş =½ˇ=Ó¹ş₣šÐ¹ˇ
A
=→=?Ó¹ş₣ šÐ¹ˇ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ ¹½˚ݡ =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½šI=pjpLjjp=¸=bã~áäK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþK=C=fl×− ³½K?K
=Ej=QJPF
PK
Ú¹−×−×− и³½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ I=š˙ Þ=₣ ¹šÐ˙ Žš½ˇ ÐK
QK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=˚ ÞŠšÐþž=?fl ×− ³½− ݸ?=³½žÞ=ð˙½ğ =ˇ¹Ð³½š¹¸=
łğ Þ˝ˇ =½ž²= − ¦ şÞž²K=ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =ð ˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=? fl×−³½− ݸ=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?K
fl ×− ³½ − ݸ=šÞ ş²=ÍžÞĆ ýˇ ½ − ²=Ùğ Þž½Ðð−Ć =fl × − ³×˙³ýˇ ½−²=¸=šÞş ²=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=sáÇÉç=`äáé
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ł ¹˙Ğ š½š=˚Þˇ =¾ğ Þž½Ððş=ˇ ׺ ³×ˇ ³ýˇ =¸=˚Þˇ =обЗЙз=
Едбй=šЮć =ŠžýÐ− ¼¹łš˝ ½š=˚ Þˇ =Þ˚ − =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ K=
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸K=
A
=→=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=→=?Ùğ Þž½Ððş =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ?
A
=→=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=→=?͸޼ýˇ =обЗЙз?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =Þˇ =þšðÐÞ¸³šÐ=ž=ž₣−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³žK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =Þˇ =³½ ˇýˇ ½¸³šÐ=ž=ž₣−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³žK
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×− Š−₣ ¸?=ł Ðˇ=Þˇ =½− =š×г¼Þ˙Ğ š½š=³½− =Þ˚− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇK
Ú− =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− =ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ š½ˇÐ=³½− Þ=ˇ Þ½˝ ³½−Ð₣− =¾˙ ðšÝ− =Ò½− =¼ÝÐðş=
ý− ¼K
·Ðˇ =×¹ş ³¦š½š²=ŠÐˇ ŠÐðˇ³˝ š²I=Šš˝ ½š=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚ − ¼=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ QQK
flÞ ˙łÞ ğ³ž=jjp
Úˇ =ýžÞĆ ýˇ ½ˇ =×− ¼=ݡ ýŁ˙ Þš½š=ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆ− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½ˇ =„гš¹₣ş ýšÞˇ K
A
=→=?„гš¹₣ş ýšÞˇ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =×−¼=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ=Šš˝½šK
=Ej=QJNJOF=Ej=QJNJPF
QS ÍžÞĆýˇ½ˇ
fl ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž=½ − ¼= fl ¹Ð¦ý−Ć =ڞݚ¾ ćÞ− ¼=šÞş ²=fl×− ³½ − Ý ˚ˇ =³½ž=
È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס ¾ćÞ
A
=→=?„гš¹₣şýšÞˇ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ=ˇ×ş =½− =− ×−˝−=¦ ˚Ýš½š=Þ ˇ=
ˇ ×− ¦žðš Ć ³š½š=½ − Þ= ˇ ¹Ð¦ý ş =½žÝš¾ ćÞ− ¼=¸=½ž=ŠÐš Ć ¦¼Þ³ž=
bã~áäK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×− ¦¸ðK=ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž²?K
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ž=−¦ş Þž=Þ˚ˇ ²=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²=½ž²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=
„ס¾ć Þ=×− ¼=ך¹ÐݡýŁ ˙ ÞšÐ=½− Þ=½žÝš¾ğ ÞÐðş=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş K=·Ðˇ=
Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½ž=ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=ý˝ˇ ²=Þ˚ˇ ²=
ðˇ ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²=³½ž=È˝ ³½ˇ =„ס ¾ć Þ=Šš˝ ½š=?Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=Î˚ˇ ²=
„ס ¾¸²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ PNK
Ëݸ³ž=½− ¼=fl ¹Ð¦ý−Ć =ڞݚ¾ćÞ− ¼=šÞş ²=fl ×− ³½−Ý˚ˇ =×− ¼=
Óš¹Ð˚₣ 𽎠Ð=³š=˚Þˇ =͸޼ýˇ
A
=→=?„гš¹₣şýšÞˇ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =×− ¼=ך¹ÐݡýŁ˙ÞšÐ=½−Þ=½žÝš¾ğ ÞÐðş=
ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þ ˇ =ð ˇÝ˚ ³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ëݸ³ž=š×ˇ¾ć Þ?K
ȸРž=šÞş ²=Í−Þˇ ŠÐð−Ć =jjp
A
=→=?„гš¹₣şýšÞˇ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=šÐŠ− ×−˝ ž³ž=ýžÞ Ćýˇ ½− ²=E F=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=
?ðˇ ½šŁ˙ ³š½š?K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ùş ¹½ğ ³ž?K
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =?ðˇ ½šŁ˙ ³š½š?=ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹ˇ =ýžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ =
½ˇ ¼½ş₣ ¹− Þˇ K=‚š˝½š=?È¸Ğž=Ó−ÝÝ ˇ×ÝćÞ=jjp?K
ȸРž=Ó− Ýݡ ×Ýć Þ=jjp
A
=→=?„гš¹₣ş ýšÞˇ?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ЊÐð˚ ²?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó− Ýݡ ×ݸ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=šÐŠ−×−˝ ž³ž=ýžÞĆýˇ ½−²=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šI=×Ð˚ ³½š=
x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„×ÐÝ−ł ¸?=¸=?„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=⁄ÝğÞ?K
QK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ùş ¹½ğ ³ž?K
Úˇ =š×ÐÝšł ý˚ Þˇ =ýžÞĆ ýˇ ½ˇ =ݡ ýŁ˙ Þ− Þ½ˇ Ð=½ˇ ¼½ş₣ ¹− Þˇ K
fl× ˙Þ½ž³ž=³š= ˚Þ ˇ=͸޼ý ˇ=¸=³š= ⁄Ýš²=½Ð²=‚К¼¦Ć Þ³šÐ²
A
=→=?„гš¹₣ş ýšÞˇ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ=½−¼= ˇ×− ³½− Ý˚ˇ=³½− Þ=−×−˝ − =¦˚Ýš½š=
Þˇ =ˇ ×ˇÞ½¸³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×˙Þ½ž³ž?=¸=?fl×˙ Þ½ž³ž=şÝğ Þ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×˙ Þ½ž³ž?=¸=?fl×˙ Þ½ž³ž=ýš=г½− ¹Ððş?K
QK
„г˙ł š½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇK
RK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=˚ ÞŠšÐþž=?fl×− ³½− ݸ?=³½žÞ=ð˙½ğ =ˇ ¹Ð³½š¹¸ =
łğ Þ˝ˇ =½ž²= − ¦ şÞž²K=ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =ð ˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=? fl×− ³½ − ݸ=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?K
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ QT
Ó¹−ć ¦ž³ž=šÞş²=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½−²
A
=→=?„гš¹₣ş ýšÞˇ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =×− ¼=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹−𠦸³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−ć ¦ž³ž?K
PK
„ð½šÝ˚ ³½š=½ˇ=Ł ¸ýˇ½ˇ =N=˚ğ²=S=³½ž=?‚žýÐ−¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚ −¼=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ QQK
Úˇ þÐÞş ýž³ž=ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ=³½ž=È˝³½ˇ
A
=→=?„гš¹₣ş ýšÞˇ?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ЊРð ˚²?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Úˇ þÐÞş ýž³ž?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=½Ć×− =½ˇ þÐÞş ýž ³ž²=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
ËÝš˝Šğ ýˇ =ðˇÐ=ÏšðÝš˝Šğýˇ =½ğ Þ=ÍžÞ¼ý˙ ½ğ Þ
A
=→=?„гš¹₣ş ýšÞˇ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =×− ¼=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ =ðÝšÐŠć ³š½š=¸=Þˇ=
þšðÝšÐŠć ³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ЊРð ˚²?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ËÝš˝Šğ ýˇ ?=¸=?ÏšðÝš˝Šğ ýˇ?K
QU ÍžÞĆýˇ½ˇ
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ
·šÞÐð˚ ²=Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²
A
=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ?= →=?·šÞÐð˚ ²=Ô¼¦ý˝³šÐ²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =³½−Ð₣š˝ − =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½šK
≥
?ȸРž=ˇ×ş =½− =³×˝ ½Ð?W
Ô¼¦ý˝ ŽšÐ=½−=₣¹şÞ− =Ý¸Ğ ž²=½ğ Þ=ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ=³½žÞ=ך¹Ð −₣ ¸=
½− ¼=− Ððš˝− ¼=³ˇ ²=ŠÐð½Ć− ¼K
?Ó˙ Þ½ˇ =Ý¸Ğ ž?W= ¿ýš³ž=Ý¸Ğ ž=ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ=ˇ×ş =½− =
?Ó˙ Þ½ˇ=ˇÞˇŁ− ݸ?W= flÞˇŁ ˙ ÝÝšÐ=½ž=Ý¸Ğ ž=½ğ Þ=
≥
?ȸРž=ך¹Ðˇłğł ¸²?W
Ô¼¦ý˝ ŽšÐ=½−=₣¹şÞ−=Ý¸Ğž²=½ğÞ=ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ=ş ½ˇ Þ=ٹ˝ ³ðš³½š=
³š=ך¹Ðˇłğł ¸=šð½ş ²=½− ¼=− Ððš˝− ¼=ŠÐð½Ć− ¼=³ˇ ²K
?Ó˙ Þ½ˇ =Ý¸Ğ ž?W= ¿ýš³ž=Ý¸Ğ ž=ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ=ˇ×ş =½− =
?Ó˙ Þ½ˇ=ˇÞˇŁ− ݸ?W= flÞˇŁ ˙ ÝÝšÐ=½ž=Ý¸Ğ ž=½ğ Þ=
≥
?fl Þˇ ¾− ¹˙ =Óˇ ¹˙ Š− ³ž²?W
„Þš¹ł− ×− К˝ =¸=ˇ ךޚ¹ł− ×− К˝=½žÞ=flÞˇ¾− ¹˙ =Óˇ¹˙Š− ³ž²K
≥
?fl Þˇ ¾− ¹˙ =fl Þ˙ł Þğ ³ž²?W
„Þš¹ł− ×− К˝ =¸=ˇ ךޚ¹ł− ×− К˝=½žÞ=flÞˇ¾− ¹˙=flÞ˙łÞğ ³ž²K
=Ej=QJVF
=Ej=QJVJNF
ŠÐˇð− ýг½¸K
ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ ÞK
ŠÐˇð− ýг½¸K
ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ ÞK
≥
?›¹ˇ =ȸþž²?W
Û×− ŠžÝć ÞšÐ=½Ð²=žý˚¹š²=ðˇÐ=ć¹š²=×−¼=ý×−¹š ˝=Þˇ=
ס ¹ˇ ýš˝ ÞšÐ=˚ Þˇ =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =×− ¼=³½˚ ÝÞš½š=³½− =ð˚ Þ½¹− =
ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ=₣ğ ¹˝ ²=Þˇ =ס¹ˇŠ− ¦š˝ =³½− Þ=ס¹ˇ ݸ׽žK=ˡ½˙=
½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ=ˇ ¼½¸²=½ž²=ך¹ÐşŠ− ¼I=½− =ð˚ Þ½¹− =ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ=
¦ˇ =×¹− ³×ˇ ¦š˝ =³¼Þš₣ć²=Þ ˇ =ס ¹ˇ Šć ³šÐ=³½− Þ=ס ¹ˇ ݸ׽ž=
½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ K
≥
?fl ×− ³½K=fl Þˇ ¾K=Óˇ ¹˙ ŠK?W
„×ÐŁšŁˇÐ ć ÞšÐ=š˙ Þ=¦ˇ=ˇ×− ³½ˇ Ýš˝ =¸=ş₣ Ð=ý˝ˇ =ˇ Þˇ ¾− ¹˙ =×− ¼=
¦ˇ =šÐŠ− ×− К˝ =½− Þ=ˇ ×− ³½− Ý˚ˇ =ş ½Ð=˚₣ š½š=Ý˙Ł šÐ=˚ Þˇ =jjpL
pjpK
≥
?fl ×− ŠšÐð½K=ˇ Þ˙ł Þğ ³ž²?W
„Þš¹ł− ×− К˝ =¸=ˇ ךޚ¹ł− ×− К˝ =½žÞ=fl ×− ³½− ݸ=flÞˇ¾− ¹˙ ²=
fl Þ˙ łÞğ ³ž²=ş ½ ˇ Þ=ˇ ס нž¦š˝ =ˇ ׺ =½ − Þ=× ˇ ¹ˇ ݸ׽ž=Þˇ =
šÞžýš¹ć ³šÐ=½− Þ=ˇ×− ³½− ݸ=ł Ðˇ=½žÞ=ˇÞ˙łÞğ³ž=½−¼=
ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²K
≥
?Û× −ł ¹ ˇ¾¸?W
flÞ− ˝łšÐ=½žÞ= −¦ şÞž=šÐ³ ˇłğł¸²=½ž²=¼×−ł¹ˇ¾¸²K
≥
?fl ¼½ş ýˇ ½ž=ŠÐˇł ¹ˇ ¾¸?W
‚Ðˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ=ˇ ¼½şýˇ ½ˇ =½ˇ =×Ð− =ס ÝÐ˙ =ýžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ =ˇ ׺ =½−¼²=
¾ˇ ð˚ Ý− ¼²=„гš¹₣ş ýšÞˇ I=Ò½ˇ Ýý˚ Þˇ =¸=ðˇ Ð=½ˇ =ŠĆ− =
E„гš¹₣ş ýšÞˇ =ðˇ Ð=Ò½ˇ Ýý˚Þˇ FI=ş½ˇ Þ=ˇ ¼½−˝= ł šý˝³− ¼ÞK
≥
?fl ¼½ş ýˇ ½ž=š×ˇ Þˇ ×− ³½− ݸ?W
Ó¹− ³×ˇ ¦š˝ =Þˇ=ˇ×− ³½š˝ ÝšÐ=šð=Þ˚− ¼=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ=pjpLjjp=
˚ ğ²=ð ˇ Ð=ŠĆ−=¾ −¹ ˚ ²=Eš×ÐÝ−ł¸=?„Þš¹ łş ?=¸=?fl ÞšÞš¹ łş?FK
≥
?Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=Ý˝ ³½ˇ ²=ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ?W
„Þˇ ÝÝ˙ ³³šÐ=½žÞ=×¹−Ł−ݸ=½ğÞ=ýžÞ¼ý˙½ ğÞ=ýš½ˇþ Ć=
?Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=ý˝ˇ ²=ł¹ˇ ýý¸²?=ðˇ Ð=?Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=ŠĆ− =ł ¹ˇ ýýć Þ?K
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ QV
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=pjp
A
=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ?= →=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=pjp?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =³½−Ð₣š˝ −=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½šK
≥
≥
≥
≥
=Ej=QJVJOF
?Ë˚ Þ½¹− =ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ?W
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =½− ¼=ð˚ Þ½¹− ¼=ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ ÞK
„˙ Þ=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =šÐ³˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =₣ć ¹ˇ ²=³š=˚ Þˇ Þ=
ŠÐš¦Þ¸=ˇ¹Ð¦ýş =ðݸ³ž²=×Ð˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=
šý¾ˇ Þг½š˝ =½− =³ĆýŁ−Ý−=
?Í− ¹¾¸?W
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=ý− ¹¾¸=ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=
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?‚Ðˇ й− ý¸=ˇ×˙ Þ½ž³ž²?W
fl×− Š ˚₣š½ ˇÐ=¸= ˇ×− ¹¹ ˝×½šÐ=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸=ž=ŠÐˇŠ¹ −ý¸=
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ݡ ýŁ˙ Þš½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =ˇ ×˙ Þ½ž³ž²=ł Ðˇ =½− =ý¸Þ¼ý˙ =³ˇ²K
?‡šÝ½Ð³½−×−˝ ž³ž?W
⁄ ½ ˇ Þ=¹¼¦ýг½š ˝ =³š=?„Þš¹łş?=E×¹ −š×ÐÝ −ł¸FI= −Ð=
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₣ˇ¹ ˇð½¸¹š²=ýš=½şÞ −I=ý𽎠½¹˚×−Þ½ ˇ Ð=³š=₣ˇ¹ ˇ 𽸹š²=
ý − Þ −Ć =ÄóíÉ=ð ˇÐ= ˇ× − ³½ ˚ÝÝ − Þ½ ˇÐK
⁄½ ˇÞ=¹¼¦ýг½š ˝=³š=?flÞšÞš¹łş ?I=− Ð=₣ˇ¹ ˇ 𽸹š²=ŠÐ×Ý−Ć=
ÄóíÉ=ˇ×− ³½˚ ÝÝ− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½ž=ý− ¹¾¸=×− ¼=šý¾ˇÞ˝Ž− Þ½ˇ ÐK
Óˇ ¹ˇ ðˇ Ý−Ć ýšI=³žýšÐć ³½š=ş ½Ð=šÞŠ˚₣ 𽎠Ð=Þˇ=₣ ¹šğ ¦š˝ ½š=
ŠÐ×Ý˙=ł Ðˇ =½− ¼²=₣ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²=ŠÐ×Ý−Ć =ÄóíÉ=³š=˚Þˇ =p jp=ş½ˇ Þ=
˚ ₣š½š=¹¼¦ý ˝ ³šÐ=½ž=‡šÝ½Ð³½−×− ˝ ž³ž=³š=? fl ÞšÞš¹ łş ?K
+
K
Q
=ý˚₣ ¹Ð=Þˇ=
RM ÍžÞĆýˇ½ˇ
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=jjp
A
=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ?= →=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=jjp?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =³½−Ð₣š˝ − =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½šK
≥
≥
≥
≥
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=bã~áä
A
=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ?= →=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=bã~áä?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =³½−Ð₣š˝ − =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½šK
≥
=Ej=QJVJPF
?È−łˇ ¹Ðˇ ³ý−˝ =jjp?W
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =Ý−łˇ ¹Ðˇ ³ýş =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=¸=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =Î˚− ¼?=łÐˇ =Þˇ =šÐ³˙ł š½š=½Ð²=ס¹ˇð˙½ğ =
¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²K
?⁄ Þ− ýˇ =Ó¹− ¾˝ Ý?W ⁄ Þ− ýˇ =×¹− ¾˝ Ý=jjp=
EÍ−Þˇ ŠÐðş=şÞ−ýˇ F
?ÓÝž¹šþ−Ć ³Ð− ?W ÔĆ ¦ýгž=mêçñó=łÐˇ =jjp
?roi=„¾šŠ¹K=pЙкоЙк?W b¾šŠ¹Ððş ²=лЙкоЙк=Нjp
?‚Р˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =лдбЗЙ?W
М¹˝ ŽšÐ=½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =½− ¼=лдбЗЙK
?Н˚ł г½− =ý˚ł š¦− ²=ýžÞĆ ýK?W
Ô¼¦ý˝ ŽšÐ=½− =ý˚ł г½− =ý˚ł š¦− ²=ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=łÐˇ =½žÞ=
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jjp=×− ¼=þš×š¹Þ−Ć Þ=ˇ ¼½ş =½− =ý˚ł š¦− ²K
?Țн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ŠžýÐ−¼¹ł˝ˇ ²?W
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=š˝ Þˇ Ð=¹¼¦ýгý˚ Þ− =³š=?„Ýš Ć ¦š¹ − ?I=ý× − ¹š ˝ ½š=Þˇ =
š×г¼Þ˙Ğ š½š=³½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ=− ×− Ð− ¼Š¸×− ½š=¾− ¹ý˙K=
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=š˝ Þˇ Ð=¹¼¦ýгý˚ Þ− =³š=?Óš¹Ð − ¹Ð³ý ˚ Þ− ?I=ý× − ¹š ˝ ½š=Þˇ =
š×г¼Þ˙Ğ š½š=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ =ýşÞ− =³¼ł ðšð¹Ðý˚Þğ Þ=¾− ¹ý˙K
=Ej=QJVJQF
?È−łˇ ¹Ðˇ ³ý−˝ =bã~áä?W
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =Ý−łˇ ¹Ðˇ ³ýş =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=¸=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =Î˚− ¼?=łÐˇ =Þˇ =šÐ³˙ł š½š=½Ð²=ס¹ˇð˙½ğ =
¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²K
?⁄ Þ− ýˇ =È−ł ˇ ¹Ðˇ ³ý−Ć ?W ⁄ Þ− ýˇ =Ý−ł ˇ ¹Ðˇ ³ý−Ć =bã~áä=
EÍ−Þˇ ŠÐðş=şÞ−ýˇ F
?‚Ðˇð− ýг½¸²=mlmP?W ⁄Þ− ýˇ =ŠÐˇð− ýг½¸I=
?‚Ðˇð− ýг½¸²=pjqm?W ⁄Þ− ýˇ =лЙкоЙкI=½ˇ ¼½ş ½ž½ˇ=
?Òžýš˝− =Ó¹ş³Łˇ ³ž²?W Òžýš˝− =×¹ş³Łˇ ³ž²=łÐˇ =½−=
?‚ÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=bã~áä?W ‚ÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=bã~áä
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?‚Ð˙ ³½žýˇ =Ý¸Ğ ž²?W
Ô¼¦ý˝ ŽšÐ=½− =ŠÐ˙ ³½žýˇ =ýš½ˇþĆ =½ğ Þ=Ý¸Ğšğ ÞK
≥
?Í˚ł г½− =ý˚ł š¦− ²=ýžÞĆ ýK?W
Ô¼¦ý˝ ŽšÐ=½− =ý˚ł г½− =ý˚ł š¦− ²=ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=łÐˇ =½žÞ=
ˇ ×− ³½ − ݸ=ð ˇ Ð=ˇ ךޚ¹ł− × − К ˝ =½žÞ=ˇ ×− ³½ − ݸ=ýžÞ¼ý ˙½ğ Þ=
bã~áä=×− ¼=þš×š¹Þ−ĆÞ=ˇ ¼½ş=½−=ý˚ łš¦−²K
„ð×− ý׸=˼Ğ˚Ýž²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =Ý˙Ł š½š=ýžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ =šð×−ý׸²=ð¼Ğ˚Ýž²=¸= łšÞÐð˙=
ýžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ =ş×ğ ²=ŠšÝ½˝ˇ =×¹şłÞğ ³ž²=ðˇ й−Ć=¸=ŠšÝ½˝ˇ =
ð¼ðÝ−¾−¹˝ˇ ²K=fl ¼½˚ ²=− Ð=×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²=ýš½ˇ Š˝ Š− Þ½ˇ Ð=³š=
³¼Þй− ýž½˚ ²=³¼ł ðšð¹Ðý˚Þğ Þ=ך¹Ð−₣ćÞ=½−¼=ŠÐð½Ć− ¼K
Â=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ˇ ¼½¸=šÞŠ˚₣š½ ˇÐ=Þˇ=ýžÞ=š˝ÞˇÐ=ŠÐˇ¦˚³Ðýž=³š=şÝ ˇ=½ˇ=
Š˝ ð½¼ˇ =ðÐÞž½¸²=½žÝš¾ğÞ˝ˇ ²K=·Ðˇ =ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹š²=Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²I=
š×Ðð− ÐÞğ Þ¸³½š=ýš=½−Þ=ס¹−₣ ˚ˇ =ŠÐð½Ć−¼K
„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³žLfl ךޚ¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž=„ð×− ý׸²=˼Ğ˚ Ýž²
A
=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ?= →=?„ð×− ý׸=˼Ğ˚ Ýž²? →=
?„Þš¹ł KLfl ךޚ¹ł K?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
=Ej=QJVJRF
½ˇ ¼½ş ½ž½ˇ =₣ ¹¸³½žI=ðğ ŠÐðş ²=
×¹ş³Łˇ ³ž²=ðˇ Ð=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş ²=
¦Ć ¹ˇ ²=ł Ðˇ =ŠÐˇ ð− ýг½¸=mlmP
₣ ¹¸³½žI=ðğ ŠÐð ş ²=×¹ ş³ Ł ˇ ³ž²I=
ˇ¹Ð¦ý ş²=¦ ù ˇ²= łÐ ˇ=
ŠÐˇð− ýг½¸=pjqm=ðˇ Ð=
ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=„Ý˚ ł₣− ¼=
½ˇ ¼½ş ½ž½ˇ ²=pjqm
bã~áä
ÍžÞ Ćýˇ½ ˇ RN
flÞ ˙łÞ ğ³ž=ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğÞ=„ð× −ý׸²=˼ Ğ˚Ýž²
A
=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ?= →=?„ð×− ý׸=˼Ğ˚ Ýž²?=→=
?fl Þ˙ł Þğ ³ž=ÍžÞ¼ýK?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ Þ½Ððš˝ ýšÞ− =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
Íš½ˇ ðÐÞž¦š˝ ½š=³½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇ Ł˙ ³š½š=½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇK
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xÓ˝³ğ zK
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=·Ýć³³ˇ ²=łÐˇ =ÍžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ=„ð×− ý׸²=˼Ğ˚ Ýž²
A
=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ?= →=?„ð×− ý׸=˼Ğ˚ Ýž²?=→=
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?·Ýć ³³ˇ?
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ž=½¹˚₣−¼³ˇ=ł Ýć ³³ˇK
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =Þˇ =šÝ ˚łþš½šK
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xfl×− ¦¸ðKzK
„łł ¹ˇ ¾¸=³½žÞ=Ûמ¹š³˝ˇ =„ð×− ý׸²=˼Ğ˚ Ýž²
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ=ˇ×ş =½− =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =šð×− ý׸²=ð¼Ğ˚ Ýž²=×− ¼=
¦˚ Ýš½šK
A
=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=ÍžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ?= →=?„ð×− ý׸=˼Ğ˚ Ýž²?=→=
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?Í− ¼³Ðð¸?=→=?Â=ý− ¼³Ðð¸=ý− ¼?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?⁄ Ýž=ž=Í− ¼³Ðð¸?=¸=½ž=Ý˝³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸²=×−¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇðşĞ š½š=×¹− ³ğ ¹ÐÞ˙ =½žÞ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸I=×Ð˚ ³½š= K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =³½ˇýˇ ½¸³š½š=šÞ½šÝć ²=½žÞ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸I=×Ð˚ ³½š=
xÓ˝³ğ zK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Ê ˇ =š¹ ğ½ž¦š ˝ ½š=š ˙ Þ=¦ ˚ Ýš½š=Þ ˇ= ˇ Þ ˇ × ˇ ¹ ˙ ł−Þ½ ˇ Ð= −Ð=¸ ₣−Ð=¸= ş₣ ÐI=
ş½ˇ Þ=šÞš¹ł−× −и³š½š=½ −=×¹ −¾˝ Ý=ÒÐ ğ×žÝ şK
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹˙ł š½š=½− =½šÝ𼽎˝−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −=š×ÐÝ˚þ½š=?ښݚ¼½K=
ý− ¼³Ððş =ð− ýý˙ ½Ð?K=Â=?Ú¹˚₣−¼³ ˇ =ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇłğł ¸?=šý¾ˇ Þ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=
ş ½ˇ Þ=½ − =ˇ ¹ ₣ š˝ − =ˇ Þ ˇ×ˇ ¹˙ łš½ ˇ ÐK
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š× Ð ³ ½ ¹ ˚Ğ š½š=³½žÞ=−¦şÞž= ½−¼=ËĆ ¹Ð− ¼=ýšÞ−Ć =ðˇ½˙=
½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸²=šÞş²= ˇ¹₣ š˝−¼=³½−=× ˇ¹ˇ³ð¸ÞÐ−K
≥
Í× − ¹š ˝½š=Þ ˇ=ŠžýÐ − ¼¹ ł ¸³š½š=½žÞ=×¹ −³ ğ ×Ðð¸=³ ˇ²=Ý ˝³½ ˇ=
ˇÞ ˇ× ˇ¹ ˇłğł¸²=šý¾ˇÞ ˝Ž− Þ½ ˇ²=ýşÞ − Þ=½ˇ= ˇ¹₣ š ˝ˇ=×−¼=
š×Ц¼ýš ˝½š=E³šÝK RTFK
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=š×ÐÝ˚þš½š=½−=ý−½ ˝Ł− =ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸²=³½−=Ł ¸ýˇ =OK=
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Í−½˝Ł− =flÞˇ×ˇ¹K?K
?ˡÞ− ÞÐðş ?W flÞˇ×ˇ¹˙ł− Þ½ˇ Ð=şÝˇ =½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ=šÞş²=
?„סÞ˙ ÝžĞ ž?W Ò¼Þš₣˝ ŽšÐ=½žÞ=ˇÞˇ ס ¹ˇłğł ¸=³½− =
?„סÞ˙ ÝžĞ ž=⁄Ýğ Þ?W
?Ú¼₣ ˇ˝− ?W flÞˇ×ˇ¹˙ł− Þ½ˇ Ð=½ˇ=ˇ ¹₣ š˝ˇ =šÞş ²=
≥
Í× −¹š ˝ ½š=Þ ˇ =šÝ ˚ł₣ š½š=½žÞ= flÞ ˇ × ˇ ¹ ˇ łğł ¸=Í −¼³Ðð¸²=
₣¹ž³Ðý −× −ÐćÞ½ ˇ²=½ ˇ=× ˇ¹ ˇð ˙½ ğ=×ݸ𽹠ˇW
aLb
W=fl ¼þ˙ ÞšÐ=¸=ýšÐć ÞšÐ=½žÞ=˚ Þ½ˇ ³žK
b
=E×Ð˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− FW=Ò˝ł ˇ ³žK
d
W=Íš½˙Ł ˇ ³ž=³½− =š×ş ýšÞ−=ˇ ¹₣š˝−K
c
W=„×г½¹˚ ¾šÐ=³½žÞ=ˇ¹₣ ¸=½− ¼=½¹˚₣− Þ½− ²=ˇ¹₣š˝− ¼K
d
=E×Ð˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− FW=·¹¸ł− ¹ž=×¹−ć ¦ž³žK
c
=E×Ð˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚Þ− FW=„×г½¹− ¾¸K
F
W=flÞˇ×ˇ¹˙ł šÐ=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =³½− =ס¹ˇ³ð¸ÞÐ−K
š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− ¼=¾ˇð˚Ý− ¼=ý˝ˇ =¾−¹˙ =ðˇ Ð=³½ž=
³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇ =ž=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸=³½ˇýˇ½˙ K
š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− =¾˙ ðšÝ−K
fl Þˇ ס ¹˙ ł−Þ½ ˇ Ð=şÝ ˇ =½ˇ=ˇ ¹₣ š ˝ˇ =šÞş²=
š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− ¼=¾ˇð˚Ý− ¼K
š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− ¼=¾ˇð˚Ý− ¼=ýš=½¼₣ ˇ˝ˇ =³šÐ¹˙K
RS Í− ¼³Ðð¸
fl Þˇ ޏ½ž³ž=šÞş²= fl ¹₣ š ˝ −¼=·Ð ˇ =fl Þˇ ס ¹ˇ łğł¸
?Í− ¼³Ðð¸?=→=?Â=ý− ¼³Ðð¸=ý− ¼?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?⁄ Ýž=ž=Í− ¼³Ðð¸?=¸=½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ ס ¹ˇłğł¸²=×−¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?flÞˇ ޏ½ž³ž?K
PK
„г˙ł š½š=½ˇ =׹㽎 =ł¹˙ ýýˇ ½ˇ =½ −¼=½˝ ½Ý− ¼K
Ú ˇ= ˇ× − ½šÝ ˚³ý ˇ½ ˇ=½ž²= ˇÞ ˇŽ¸½ž³ž²=šý¾ ˇÞ ˝ Ž− Þ½ ˇ Ð=ýš=
ˇÝ¾ ˇŁž½Ðð¸=³šÐ¹ ˙=ðˇÐ=½ −= ˇ¹₣ š ˝−=× −¼=³¼ý× ˝×½šÐ=ýˇ¹ð˙¹š½ˇÐK
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=fl¹₣ š˝− ¼=³½ž=È˝ ³½ˇ=flÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł ¸³š½š=ý˝ˇ =Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸²=
ðˇ ½ˇ₣ğ ¹ć Þ½ˇ ²=³D=ˇ ¼½¸=½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ=×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš ˝½šK
?Í− ¼³Ðð¸?=→=?Â=ý− ¼³Ðð¸=ý− ¼?=→=?⁄ Ýž=ž=Í− ¼³Ðð¸?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½−=ˇ¹₣ š˝−=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹− ³¦˚ ³š½š=³½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=
ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇ łğł¸²K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ³¦K=È˝ ³½K=flÞˇ ×?K
„ý¾ˇÞ˝Ž− Þ½ˇ Ð=− Ð=Ý˝ ³½š²=ˇÞˇ ס ¹ˇłğł ¸²K=·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=
³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=×¹− ³¦¸ðž=ý˝ˇ ²=Ý˝ ³½ˇ ²=ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇłğł ¸²=Šš˝ ½š=
±Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=ý˝ˇ ²=Î˚ˇ ²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=flÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸²≤K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =¾˙ ðšÝ− =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Ú− =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− =×− ¼=˚₣ š½š=ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹šÐ=³½− =Ł ¸ýˇ =N=ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆ 𽎠ÐK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇł¹ ˙Ğ š½š=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ=ˇ×ş =½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸²I=
ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½ˇ =ˇ ¹₣ š˝ˇ=ðˇÐ=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKzK=Ò½ž=³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇ I=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł ¹K=ˇ×ş =È˝ ³½ˇ ?K
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=ý˝ˇ ²=Î˚ˇ ²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=flÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸²
?Í− ¼³Ðð¸?=→=?Â=ý− ¼³Ðð¸=ý− ¼?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ³¦K=Î˚ˇ ²=È˝³½K?K
OK
„г˙ł š½š=½−=şÞ−ýˇ =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½š=łÐˇ =½ž=Ý˝ ³½ ˇ=
ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇłğł¸²K
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇł¹ ˙Ğ š½š=½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ ¹ˇłğł ¸²I=ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½ž=
Ý˝ ³½ˇ =ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇłğł¸²=ðˇÐ=×Ð˚³½š=x„×ÐÝKzK=Ò½ž=³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇ I=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł¹ˇ ¾¸=È˝ ³½ˇ ²?K
ȸРž=ý− ¼³Ððć Þ=ˇ¹₣š˝ ğÞ
?Í− ¼³Ðð¸?=→=?Óš¹Ð¸ł K=³š=ý− ¼³K=ðˇ½˙ ³½K?
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ =¾ş ¹½ğ ³ž²=ˇ¹₣ š˝ğ Þ=ý− ¼³Ðð¸²K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
fl ¼½¸=ž=¼×ž¹š³˝ˇ =ŠšÞ=š˝ Þˇ Ð=ŠÐˇ ¦˚ ³Ðýž=ˇ ׺ = − ¹Ð³ý ˚ Þ−¼²=
ס ¹−₣ š˝ ²=ŠÐð½Ćğ ÞK=·Ðˇ=ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹š²=Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²I=
ס ¹ˇ ðˇ Ý−Ć ýš=š×Ðð− ÐÞğ Þ¸³½š=ýš=½− Þ=ס¹−₣ ˚ˇ =ŠÐð½Ć− ¼K
=Ej=PJPF
Í− ¼³Ðð¸ RT
Ú−=¼ÝÐðş=ý−¼
Ò½− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼=ך¹Ð˚₣−Þ½ ˇÐ=ŠÐ˙¾− ¹ˇ=ŠšŠ−ý ˚Þˇ=¾ğ½−ł¹ ˇ¾ÐćÞI=
¸₣ğÞ=ð ˇ Р=обЗЙз=ЕдбйK=fl ðş ýžI=³½− =ýšÞ−Ć =?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
ך¹ÐݡýŁ ˙Þ− Þ½ˇ Ð=ðˇ Ð=¾¹˙ ³šÐ²=ðšÐý˚Þ− ¼=×− ¼=₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− Ð−Ć Þ½ˇ Ð=
³¼₣Þ˙ =³š=ýžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ =ðˇ ¦ć ²=ðˇ Ð=³šÝ˝ Šš²=EŠÐš¼¦Ć Þ³šÐ²F=t^m=×− ¼=
ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½š=ł Ðˇ =Ý¸Ğ ž=EЗзпедз~ЗбеЦFK=
НЧ− ¹š˝ ½š=ˇðş ýž=Þˇ=ýš½ˇŠć ³š½š=¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ¾˝š²I=ŠšŠ−ý ˚Þˇ=¸₣− ¼=
ðˇ Р=обЗЙз=Едбй=э˚ ³ğ =¼×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ Þ=¸=½ž²=ˇ³Ć ¹ýˇ½ž²=½š₣Þ−Ý−ł ˝ˇ²=
_дмЙнззнЬ
Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ š²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ŠÐˇ₣ šÐ¹Ð³½š˝ ½š=½Ð²=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=×− ¼=Łł˙ Žš½š=ýš=
½žÞ=Ğ ž¾Ðˇ ð¸=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾Ðð¸=ýž₣ˇ Þ¸=¸=½Ð²=šÐðş Þš²=×− ¼=
?ðˇ ½šŁ˙ Žš½š?=ˇ×ş =ŠÐ˙¾− ¹š²=г½− ³šÝ˝ Šš²=½− ¼=гзДбдЙ=fенЙкеЙнK=
НЧ− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ ³š½š=¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ¾˝ š²=³½ˇ =šþ¸²=¾− ¹ý˙ W=
gmbdI=mkdI=t_jm=ðˇ Ð=dfcK
Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾ÐćÞ
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=d=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =š ý¾ˇÞ˝³š½š=½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇ×ş=½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇ=
ýÞ¸ýž²=ðˇ Ð=×Ð˚ ³½š=
³¼³ð𼏲K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =Šš˝ ½šK
Â=š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ =šý¾ˇ Þ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=³½žÞ=−¦ş ÞžK
=Ej=SF
=³š=½žÝ˚¾ğ Þˇ =ýš=₣ˇ¹ˇ 𽞹г½Ðð˙ =l_buK
Ej=SJNF
c
= ł Ð ˇ=Þ ˇ=š ×г½¹ ˚Ğ š½š=³½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=
ı¹¸³ž=Ù ğ½ −ł¹ ˇ¾Ðć Þ=ğ ²=t~ääé~éÉê
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×−и³š½š=ğ²=
t~ääé~éÉêK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÔĆ ¦ýгž=t~ääé~éÉê?K
fl ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž=Í ˝ˇ²=Ùğ½−ł ¹ˇ¾˝ˇ ²=³½Ð²=Ë ˇ ½ ˇ₣𹸳šÐ²=½ ž²=È ˝ ³½ˇ ²=
„ס¾ć Þ
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×− и³š½š=ˇ ¼½¸=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸=ýşÞ−Þ=łÐˇ =½Ð²=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=×− ¼=˚₣š½š=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ ³šÐ=³½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=½ž²=³¼³ð𼏲K
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ˇ¹₣ š˝−=×−¼=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ=×¹−³¦ ˚³š½š=³½ž=È˝ ³½ˇ=
„ס¾ć ÞK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³¦K=³š=„ס¾˚²?K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ=ˇ Þ½Ððˇ½ˇ ³½¸³š½šI=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ˇ =ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þˇ =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=
Þˇ =ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆ ³š½šK
·Ðˇ=ˇ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž=ğ ²=Þ˚ˇ =ðˇ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³žI=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=?˜²=Î˚ˇ =
„ס ¾¸?K
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=šÐ³ˇłğł¸=šÞş²=−Þşý ˇ½− ²I=
Šš˝ ½š=±Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=Î˚ˇ ²=„ס ¾¸²≤ =³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ =PNK
RU Ú− =¼ÝÐðş=ý−¼
„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ¾ÐćÞ
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =š×šþš¹łˇ ³½š˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþš¹ł K=Ùğ½−ł ¹K?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Â=?„ךþš¹ ł K=Ù ğ½ −ł ¹K?=ý× − ¹š˝=Þ ˇ =ýžÞ=š ˝ Þ ˇ Ð=ŠÐˇ¦ ˚ ³Ðýž=
ˇÞ ˙Ý−ł ˇ=ýš=½žÞ=×¹ğ½ ş ½¼×ž=¾ğ½−ł ¹ˇ¾˝ˇ=ðˇÐ=½žÞ=×¹− ³½ˇ³˝ˇ=
×Þš¼ý ˇ½Ðð ć Þ=ŠÐð ˇÐğ ý ˙ ½ğÞ=×− ¼=šÞŠš ₣− ý ˚Þğ ²=ŠÐ ˇ ¦ ˚ ½šÐK
Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸=½− ¼=Íšł˚¦ − ¼²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =×¹−³ˇ ¹ýş ³š½š=½ž=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ=³½ − =ðˇ½˙ ÝÝžÝ−=
ý˚ł š¦− ²I=ˇ Þ˙ Ý−ł ˇ =ýš=½ž=³ðžÞ¸K
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −=³½−=−×−˝−=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ=×¹−³ˇ ¹ýş³š½š=
½− =ý˚ł š¦−²K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl Ýݡł ¸=Íšł˚¦− ¼²?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Â=? flÝÝ ˇł ¸=Íš ł˚¦ − ¼²?=ý× − ¹š ˝=Þ ˇ=ýžÞ=š ˝Þ ˇ Ð=ŠÐ ˇ¦ ˚ ³Ðýž=
ˇÞ ˙Ý−ł ˇ=ýš=½žÞ=×¹ğ½ ş ½¼×ž=¾ğ½−ł ¹ˇ¾˝ˇ=ðˇÐ=½žÞ=×¹− ³½ˇ³˝ˇ=
×Þš¼ý ˇ½Ðð ć Þ=ŠÐð ˇÐğ ý ˙ ½ğÞ=×− ¼=šÞŠš ₣− ý ˚Þğ ²=ŠÐ ˇ ¦ ˚ ½šÐK
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
·Ðˇ=˙Ýݡ=ýšÞ −Ć =š×ÐÝ−łć ÞI=Šš˝½š=?Ë− ÐÞ˙ =ÍšÞ−Ć =„×Ð Ý−łć Þ?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ SNK
ȸРž=fl¹₣ š˝ğ Þ=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ²=Eaзпедз ~ЗF
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?= →=?ȸРž=˙ ÝÝğ Þ?
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ =Ý¸Ğ ž²=ˇ¹₣ š˝ğ Þ=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ ²K
◊₣−Ð=C=Ë −¼Š −¼Þ ˝³ý ˇ½ ˇ
Â=ŠÐ ˇ₣š ˝ ¹Ð³ž=½ ğ Þ= ˇ¹₣ š ˝ ğ Þ=¸ ₣− ¼=× − ¼= ˚₣ š½š=?ð ˇ½š Ł˙ ³šÐ?=ð ˇÐ=½ ğ Þ=
ˇ¹₣ š ˝ğÞ=^jo=× −¼= ˚₣š½š=ž ₣−ł¹ ˇ¾¸³šÐ=ýš=½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=
Â₣−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³ž²=Ùğ Þ¸²=ł˝ Þš½ˇ Ð=³½− =ýšÞ−Ć =?◊₣− ²=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼ÞK?K=ÌÐ=
×¹− š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− Ð=¸₣− Ð=ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ½− ²=ŠšÞ=ך¹Ð˚₣− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½−=
ýšÞ−Ć =?◊₣− ²=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼ÞK?=ÍşÞ− =½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ=¸ ₣− ¼=×− ¼=ý×−¹−Ć Þ=
Þˇ =ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇ₣ ¦−Ć Þ=³½− =½žÝ˚ ¾ğ Þ− =ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆ− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½− =ýšÞ−Ć =
?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?K
flÞ ˇ× ˇ¹ˇłğł¸= fl¹₣ š ˝ğÞ= ◊₣−¼
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?→=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=d=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =šý¾ˇ Þ˝ ³š½š=½ž= Ý˝ ³½ˇ =ˇ×ş =½žÞ=ð˙¹½ˇ=
ýÞ¸ýž²=ðˇ Ð=×Ð˚ ³½š=
³¼³ð𼏲K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹˙ł š½šK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =³½ˇýˇ ½¸³š½š=½žÞ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸I=×Ð˚ ³½š= K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Â= ˇÞ ˇ ס¹ ˇ łğł¸=ý× − ¹š ˝ =Þ ˇ =ýžÞ=š ˝ Þ ˇ Ð=ŠÐ ˇ ¦˚³Ðýž= łÐ ˇ =− ¹Ð³ý ˚Þ ˇ =
ˇ¹₣ š ˝ˇ=¸₣−¼K
=Ej=SJOF
c
=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =š×г½¹˚Ğ š½š=³½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=
Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý−¼R V
ı ¹¸³ž=½ğÞ= fl ¹₣ š ˝ ğÞ=◊₣− ¼=ğ ²=◊₣− ¼²=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?→=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×−и³š½š=ğ²=
¸₣− =ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½−²K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÔĆ ¦ýK=ğ ²=Ë− ¼ŠK?K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Ú ˇ =ý −¼³Ðð ˙ = ˇ ¹ ₣š ˝ˇ =½ Ć× −¼=^jo=ŠšÞ=ý× −¹ −ĆÞ=Þˇ=
₣¹ž³Ðý −× −О¦ −ĆÞ= ğ²=¸ ₣−Ð=ð −¼Š−¼Þ ˝³ý ˇ½ −²K
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
·Ðˇ=˙Ýݡ=ýš Þ −Ć =š×Ð Ý−łć ÞI=Šš˝½š=?Ë− ÐÞ˙ =ÍšÞ −Ć =„ × Ð Ý−łć Þ?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ SNK
Ùş ¹½ğ ³ž=fl¹₣ š˝ğ Þ=◊₣− ¼
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?→=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?=→=?ȸРž=˙ ÝÝğ Þ?
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ=Ý¸Ğž²= ˇ¹₣ š˝ğÞ=¸₣−¼K
Ej=SJQF
sбЗЙзл
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ŠÐˇ₣ šÐ¹Ð³½š˝ ½š=½ˇ =обЗЙз=Едбйл=Ч− ¼=˚₣ š½š=½¹ˇŁ¸þšÐ=
ýš=½ž=Ł ÐÞ½š−ð˙ ýš¹ˇ=¸=×−¼= ˚₣š½š=ð ˇ½šŁ ˙³šÐ=ˇ×ş =г½− ³šÝ˝Šš²=
½− ¼=гзДбдЙ=fенЙкеЙнK
flÞ ˇ× ˇ¹ ˇłğł¸=fl¹₣ š˝ğÞ=sáÇÉç=`äáé
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?→=?sбЗЙзл?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=d=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =š ý¾ˇÞ˝³š½š=½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇ×ş=½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇ=
ýÞ¸ýž²=ðˇ Ð=×Ð˚ ³½š=
³¼³ð𼏲K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹˙ł š½šK
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇðşĞ š½š=×¹− ³ğ ¹ÐÞ˙ =½žÞ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸I=×Ð˚ ³½š= K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =³¼Þš₣˝ ³š½š=×Ð˚ ³½š=×˙ ÝÐ= K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =³½ˇýˇ ½¸³š½š=šÞ½šÝć ²=½žÞ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸I=×Ð˚ ³½š=
xÓ˝³ğ zK
c
= ł Ð ˇ=Þ ˇ=š ×г½¹ ˚Ğ š½š=³½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=
ı¹¸³ž=šÞ ş²=sáÇÉç=`äáé= ğ²=sáÇÉç=Ë −¼Š−¼Þ ˝³ý ˇ½ −²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½š=½− =обЗЙз=Едбй=³ˇ ²=Þˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹˙łš½ ˇÐ=ş½ˇ Þ=
ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ŽšÐ=½− =½žÝ˚ ¾ğ Þ− K
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?→=?sбЗЙзл?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =обЗЙз=Едбй=Ч− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÔĆ ¦ýK=Ë− ¼ŠK=sáÇÉç?K
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
·Ðˇ=˙Ýݡ =ýš Þ −Ć =š×ÐÝ −łć ÞI=Šš˝ ½š=?Ë− ÐÞ˙ =ÍšÞ −Ć =„ × Ð Ý −łć Þ?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ SNK
ȸРž=sáÇÉç=ˇ¹₣ š˝ğ Þ=`äáé
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?→=?sбЗЙзл?→=?И¸Ğ ž=˙ ÝÝğ Þ?
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ=Ý¸Ğž²= ˇ¹₣ š˝ğЮ=обЗЙз=ЕдбйK
SM Ú− =¼ÝÐðş=ý−¼
¿Ýݡ =÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ
̹гý˚Þ− Ð=½Ć ×− Ð=ˇ¹₣ š˝ğ Þ=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½− =¾˙ ðšÝ− =¿Ýݡ=
÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ =½− ¼=½žÝš¾ć Þ− ¼K=Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×šþš¹łˇ³½š˝ ½š=ðˇ Ð=Þˇ=
₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½š=ˇ¼½˙ =½ˇ =ˇ ¹ ₣ š˝ˇ = ğ ²=ŠšŠ− ý˚ Þ ˇ =½ − ¼=¾ˇð˚ Ý− ¼=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?K
¿Þ−Ðłýˇ =½− ¼=fl¹₣ š˝− ¼=„łł¹˙ ¾− ¼
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?¿Ýݡ =÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ ?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=d=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =šý¾ˇ Þ˝ ³š ½š=½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇ×ş =½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇ=
ýÞ¸ýž²=ðˇ Ð=×Ð˚ ³½š=
³¼³ð𼏲K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
·Ðˇ=˙ Ýݡ =ýšÞ−Ć =š×ÐÝ−łćÞI=Šš˝ ½š=±Ë−ÐÞ˙=ÍšÞ −Ć=„×ÐÝ−łćÞ≤K
=Ej=SJSF
c
=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =š×г½¹˚Ğ š½š=³½ž=ýÞ¸ýž=
Ë− ÐÞ˙ =ÍšÞ−Ć =„×ÐÝ−łć Þ
„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž=fl ¹₣ š˝ğÞ=ýš=Ó¹−³½ ˇ³˝ˇ=ÓÞš¼ýˇ½ÐðćÞ=
‚ÐðˇÐğ ý˙½ğ Þ=EaojF
̹гý˚Þˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ =šÐðşÞğ ÞI=¸₣− ¼=ðˇ Р=обЗЙз=Едбй=ŠРˇ¦˚½− ¼Þ=˚Þˇ=
×¹şł ¹ˇ ýýˇ=Ğ ž¾Ðˇ ð¸²=×¹− ³½ˇ³˝ˇ ²=×Þš¼ýˇ ½Ððć Þ=ŠÐðˇÐğ ý˙½ğ ÞI=
½− =−×−˝ −=−Þ−ý˙ Žš½ˇ Р=aoj=EaбЦбн~д=oбЦЬнл=j~е~ЦЙгЙенI=ˆž¾Рˇ ð¸=
‚Ðˇ₣š ˝ ¹Ð³ž=‚ÐðˇÐğ ý˙½ğ ÞFK=·Ðˇ =Þˇ=ˇÞ− ˝ þš½š=½˚½− Ðˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ I=¦ˇ=
×¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =šÞš¹ł− ×− и³š½š=½žÞ=Ğ ž¾Ðˇ ð¸=˙ ŠšÐˇ K=Úˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ =×− ¼=
×¹− ³½ˇ ½šĆ− Þ½ˇ Ð=ýš=aoj=šý¾ˇÞ˝Ž− Þ½ˇ Ð=ýš= K
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸K
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =šÞš¹ł− ×− и³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž?K
→
=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?
→
=?sбЗЙзл?
→
=?¿Ýݡ =÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ ?
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
̹гý˚ Þš²=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=ýš=×¹−³½ˇ³˝ˇ =aoj=š˝Þˇ Ð=×ЦˇÞş =Þˇ=
ýžÞ=ý×−¹−Ć Þ=Þˇ=ˇÞ− Ð₣½−Ć Þ=ˇ ðş ýž=ðˇ Ð=³½žÞ=ך¹˝ ×½ğ ³ž=×−¼=
š×Ð₣ šÐ¹¸³š½š=Þˇ =½Ð²=šÞš¹ł− ×− и³š½šK
fl×− ³½− ݸ=‚šŠ− ý ˚Þğ Þ= ˇ×ş =Ú−=¼ÝÐð ş=ý −¼
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸K
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝− =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×− ³½− ݸ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?˜²=͸޼ýˇ ?I=?Нš=_дмЙнззнЬ?=¸=?Нš=ЫЧ˚ ¹¼¦¹š²?K
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½ž=ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =šÞş ²=
ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=Šš˝ ½š=½žÞ=šÞş ½ž½ˇ =?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =Î˚− ¼=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ QQK
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=½ž²=ˇ³Ć ¹ýˇ ½ž²=
ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ ²=
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=¼×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ ÞI=
Šš˝ ½š=?Û×˚ ¹¼¦¹š²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ NMPK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
ÌÐ=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²L◊₣− РLsбЗЙз=Едбйл=Ч− ¼=×¹− ³½ˇ ½šĆ− Þ½ˇ Ð=ˇ×ş =
×Þš¼ýˇ ½Ðð˙ =ŠÐðˇÐć ýˇ½ˇ =ŠšÞ=ý×−¹−Ć Þ=Þˇ=ˇ×− ³½ˇÝ−Ć Þ=ğ ²=
³¼Þžýý˚Þˇ =³š=˚Þˇ =ý¸Þ¼ýˇI=ýš=šþˇ˝ ¹š³ž=½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ=₣ğ ¹Ð³½¸²=
ס ¹˙ Š− ³ž²K
≥
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=³Ć Žš¼þž=¦ˇ=₣ ¹šÐˇ ³½š˝ =Þˇ =šÐ³˙ł š½š=˚Þˇ Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş=ş½ˇ Þ=
³¼ÞŠ˚ š³½š=łÐˇ=׹㠽ž=¾−¹˙ =ýš=ý ˝ˇ =³¼³ðš¼¸=×− ¼=ŠÐˇ¦˚ ½šÐ=
ˇ ³Ć ¹ý ˇ ½ž=½š₣Þ− Ý−ł ˝ˇ =_дмЙнззнЬK
→
=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?
→
=?sбЗЙзл?
→
=?¿Ýݡ =÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ ?
_дмЙнззнЬ
I=Šš˝ ½š=?_дмЙнззнЬ?=³½ž=³šЭ˝Šˇ NMNK
Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý−¼S N
ȸРž=‚šŠ−ý˚ Þğ Þ=Ò½− =¼ÝÐðş =ý−¼
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=½−=½žÝ ˚ ¾ğ Þ − =Ý ˇ ýŁ ˙ ÞšÐ=ŠšŠ−ý ˚ Þˇ =Ò½−=¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼I=
šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇ Þˇ ý− Þ¸²=˚ Þˇ =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =
š×ÐŁšŁˇ˝ ğ ³ž²K
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xΡ ÐzK
Úˇ =Ýž¾¦˚ Þ½ˇ =ŠšŠ− ý˚ Þˇ =ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆ− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½− Þ=ˇ Þ½˝ ³½− Ð₣− =
¾˙ ðšÝ− I=Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼K
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=¼×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ Þ=¸=
_дмЙнззнЬI=Šš˝ ½š=?Ò¼ÞŠš³Ðýş½ž½ˇ?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ NMNK
ı¹¸³ž=‚šŠ −ý ˚ÞğÞ=ˇ×ş =Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ˇ Þ½Ðł¹˙ Ğ š½šI=Þˇ =ý𽎠ðÐÞ¸³š½šI=Þˇ =½ˇ þÐÞ− ý¸³š½šI=
Þˇ =ýš½− Þ− ý˙ ³š½š=ðˇ Ð=Þˇ =ŠÐˇł ¹˙Ğ š½š=½ˇ =ŠšŠ− ý˚ Þˇ =Ò½− =¼ÝÐðş =
ý− ¼K
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸K
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ЊРð ˚²?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
?Íš½ˇð˝ Þž³ž?W Íš½ˇ ðÐÞš˝ =½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ =³š=˚Þˇ Þ=˙ ÝÝ−=
?fl Þ½Ðł ¹ˇ ¾¸?W fl Þ½Ðł ¹˙ ¾šÐ=½ˇ =ˇ ¹₣ š˝ˇ K=„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =
?‚žýK=Ùˇð˚Ý− ¼?W ‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł š˝=˚Þˇ =Þ˚− =¾˙ ðšÝ−K
?Ó− Ýݡ ×ݸ=„×ÐÝK?W „×ÐÝ˚ł šÐ=×− Ýݡ ×Ý˙=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇK
→
=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?
→
=?sбЗЙзл?
→
=?¿Ýݡ =÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ ?
¾ ˙ ðšÝ −K=„×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=½ −=¾˙ ðšÝ −=×¹ −²=½ −Þ=
−× −˝ −=¦ ˚Ýš½š=Þ ˇ=ýš½ ˇðÐÞ¸³š½šK
¾ ˙ðšÝ − =³½ − Þ= − × −˝− =¦ ˚Ýš½š=Þ ˇ=
ˇÞ½Ð ł¹ ˙Ğš½šK
?Ë ˇ½ ˙ ½ ˇ þž?W Ú ˇþÐÞ − ýš ˝=½ −=ˇ¹ ₣ š˝ − K=„×ÐÝ ˚þ½š=½ −=ˇ¹₣ š ˝ −=
Íš½−Þ−ýˇ ³˝ˇ=šÞş ²=fl¹₣ š˝−¼
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸K
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Íš½−Þ−ýˇ ³˝ˇ?K
‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=šÞş²=fl¹ ₣š˝ −¼
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł¹ˇ ¾¸?K
×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =½ˇ þÐÞ− ý¸³š½šK
→
=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?
→
=?sбЗЙзл?
→
=?¿Ýݡ =÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ ?
→
=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?
→
=?sбЗЙзл?
→
=?¿Ýݡ =÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ ?
SO Ú− =¼ÝÐðş=ý−¼
Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=Èš×½− ýš ¹šÐćÞ=ˇ× ş=Ú−=¼ÝÐðş =ý−¼
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸K
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −=ł Ðˇ =½− =− ×−˝ −=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ =Šš˝ ½š=½Ð²=
Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Èš×½− ýK?K
Ùş ¹½ğ ³ž=Eréäç~ÇF=‚šŠ−ý˚Þğ Þ=ˇ×ş=Ú− =¼ÝÐðş=ý−¼
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š==Þˇ =¾− ¹½ć ³š½š=½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ =šÐðşÞˇ ²I=¸₣− ¼=¸=½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š ˝ˇ=
обЗЙз=Едбй=³½−=jjp=mÜçíç=^äÄìãK
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =¾− ¹½ć ³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×− ³½− ݸ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ò½− =^äÄìã?K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Úˇ =ˇ ¹₣ š˝ˇ =¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ ²I=¸₣−¼=ð ˇ Р=обЗЙз=Едбй=Ч− ¼=
×¹− ³½ˇ ½šĆ− Þ½ˇ Ð=ýš=×Þš¼ýˇ ½Ðð˙ =ŠÐðˇÐć ýˇ½ˇ=ŠšÞ=ý×−¹−ĆÞ=Þ ˇ=
¾− ¹½ğ ¦−Ć ÞI=ýš=šþˇ˝ ¹š³ž=½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ=₣ğ¹Ð³½¸²=× ˇ¹˙Š− ³ž²K
→
=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?
→
=?sбЗЙзл?
→
=?¿Ýݡ =÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ ?
→
=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?
→
=?sбЗЙзл?
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =„×ÐÝ˚þš½š=Ó−ÝÝ ˇ×Ý˙=fl¹₣ š˝ˇ
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=ס¹ˇ×˙Þğ =ˇ×ş =˚ Þˇ =ˇ¹₣ š˝−= ˇ×ş =Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =
ý− ¼=ł Ðˇ =ý𽎠ð˝ Þž³žI=ˇ Þ½Ðł ¹ˇ ¾¸=¸=ŠÐˇł ¹ˇ ¾¸K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Â=ˇðş Ý− ¼¦ž=ŠÐˇ ŠÐðˇ³˝ˇ =𾎠¹ýş Žš½ˇ Ð=ş½ˇ Þ=˚₣−¼Þ=
ýˇ ¹ðˇ ¹Ð³½š˝ =ðˇ½ˇ₣𹸳šÐ²=šð½ş ²=ˇ×ş =½Ð²=?È¸Ğž=˙ÝÝ ğÞ?K
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ Ýݞݞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸K
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²?= →=x„×ÐÝKz
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ЊÐð˚ ²?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó− Ýݡ ×ݸ=„×ÐÝK?K
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =Þˇ =šÝ˚ł þš½š=½ˇ=− Þş ýˇ ½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ğÞ=×− ¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
QK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ=ˇ¾ˇ й˚ ³š½š=½− =½³šð˙ ¹Ð³ýˇ I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=þˇÞ˙ =½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =¸=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×−š×ÐÝ−ł ¸?=³½−=Ł ¸ýˇ =QK
≥
„ ˙Þ=¦ ˚Ýš½š=Þ ˇ=š×ÐÝ ˚þš½š= ş Ý ˇ=½ ˇ= ˇ¹ ₣š˝ˇI=š×ÐÝ ˚þ½š=?„×ÐÝ −ł ¸=
⁄Ýğ Þ?=³½− =Ł ¸ý ˇ=QK=·Ð ˇ=Þ ˇ= ˇð¼¹ ć³š½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸= şÝ ğÞ=½ ğÞ=
ˇ¹₣ š ˝ğÞI=š×ÐÝ ˚þ½š=?fl×− š×ÐÝ−ł¸= ş Ýğ Þ?K=
Óˇ Ð₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł ˚ ²
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=šÐŠÐð˚ ²=𾎠¹ý−ł˚ ²=½ž²=sçÇ~ÑçåÉI=
Šš˝ ½š=?ÓˇÐ₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ SRK
→
=?◊₣− Ð=C=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýK?=→=x„×ÐÝKz
→
=?sбЗЙзл?=→=x„ЧРЭKz
→
=?¿Ýݡ =÷łł ¹ˇ ¾ˇ ?=→=x„×ÐÝKz
=Ej=SJPF
Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý−¼S P
Ó¹ş ½¼×ˇ =Ëš˝ ýšÞˇ
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹸³š½š=˚ğ ²=ðˇ Ð=RM=×¹ş ½¼×ˇ =ðš˝ ýšÞˇ=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ=
½ˇ =₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½š=³š=ł¹ˇ ×½˙ =ýžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ =¸=ýžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ =
×− ݼý˚ ³ğ ÞK=Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×− и³š½š=˚ğ ²=ðˇÐ=ORS=
₣ ˇ¹ˇ 𽸹š²=³š=˚ Þˇ =×¹ ş ½¼×− =ðš˝ýšÞ − K
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=Ù¹˙³šğ Þ=³š=Ó¹ş ½¼×ˇ =Ëš˝ ýšÞˇ
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ó¹ş ½¼×ˇ =Ëš˝ ýšÞˇ ?=→=?Ó¹− ³¦K=Î˚− ¼=
Ó¹−½Ć ×K?
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½− =ðš˝ ýšÞ− =ðˇ Ð=×Ð˚ ³½š= K
„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ=Ó¹−½Ć×ğÞ=ËšÐý˚Þ ğÞ
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ó¹ş ½¼×ˇ =Ëš˝ ýšÞˇ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹ş ½¼×− =ðš˝ ýšÞ− =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =
š×šþš¹łˇ ³½š˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ ?K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =Š š ˝ ½š=½− =×¹ş ½¼×− =ðš˝ ýšÞ− I=×Ð˚³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
?Ó¹−Ł− ݸ?K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇł¹ ˙Ğ š½š=½− =×¹ş ½¼×− =ðš˝ ýšÞ− I=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸?K
PK
Ú¹−×−×− и³½š =½ −=ðš˝ ýšÞ− =ð ˇÐ=×Ð˚ ³½š= K
fl ×− ³½ − ݸ=Ó¹ ş ½¼× ğ Þ=ËšÐý ˚ Þğ Þ
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?Ó¹ş ½¼×ˇ =Ëš˝ ýšÞˇ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹ş ½¼×− =ðš˝ ýšÞ− =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×−³½− ݸ=Ó¹−½Ć×−¼?K
=Ej=SJRF
ˡ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ÍÞ¸ýž²
fl ¼½¸=ž=ݚн−¼¹ł ˝ˇ =³ˇ ²= Ł−ž¦˙ =Þ ˇ =šÝ ˚ł₣ š½š=½žÞ=ð ˇ½˙ ³½ ˇ³ž=½ž²=
ýÞ¸ýž²=½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=¸=½ž²=ð˙ ¹½ˇ²=ýÞ¸ýž²K=Â=ðˇ½˙³½ˇ³ž=ýÞ¸ýž²=
ðˇ ÝĆ ×½šÐ=½ˇ =šþ¸²K
ÍÞ¸ýž=Ò¼³ð𼏲W g~î~∑ =„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²I=Ùğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ š²I=
Ë˙ ¹½ˇ =ÍÞ¸ýž²W Ùğ ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ š²I=sбЗЙзлI=◊₣− ÐI=¿ÝÝš²I=
?Ú− =¼ÝÐðş =ý− ¼?=→=?ˡ½˙ ³½K=ÍÞ¸ýž²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÍÞ¸ýž=Ò¼³ð𼏲?=¸=?Ë˙ ¹½ˇ=ÍÞ¸ýž²?K
=Ej=SJTF
sбЗЙзлI=◊₣− ÐI=¿ÝÝš²I=ÒĆÞ−Ý− =ðˇ Ð=„ÝšĆ ¦K
ÒĆ Þ− Ý− =ðˇ Ð=„ÝšĆ ¦K
SQ Ú− =¼ÝÐðş=ý−¼
‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž
Óˇ Ð₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł ˚ ²
ı ¹¸³ž=„¾ˇ ¹ý−łć Þ
ÒD=ˇ ¼½ş =½− =½žÝ˚¾ğ Þ− I=ý×− ¹ −Ć Þ=Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×− О¦−Ć Þ=ŠÐ˙¾− ¹š²=
𾎠¹ý−ł˚ ²=½ž²=sçÇ~ÑçåÉK=·Ðˇ=Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½š=½Ð²=
𾎠¹ý−ł˚ ²I=¦ˇ=₣ ¹šÐˇ ³½š˝ =Þˇ =?ðˇ ½šŁ˙ ³š½š?=½Ð²=𾎹ý−ł ˚²=ˇ×ş =
½− =гзДбдЙ=fенЙкеЙнK=М¹Р³э˚ Þš²=𾎹ý−ł˚ ²=×¹− ³¾˚¹− ¼Þ=½ž=
Š¼Þˇ½ş ½ž½ˇ =³Ć ÞŠš³ž²=³š=ð˙×− Ð− =Š˝ ð½¼− =ðˇ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =šÞş ²=
ס Ð₣ ÞЊÐ−Ć =¸=ý˝ˇ ²=𾎠¹ý−ł ¸²=×− ¼=¼×− ³½ž¹˝ ŽšÐ=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝š²=
ŠÐð½Ć−¼K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
ÌÐ=𾎠¹ý−ł˚ ²=šÞŠ˚₣ 𽎠Ð=Þˇ =š˝Þˇ Ð=½−×Ðð˚²=E ₣ğ¹˝ ²=
Š¼Þˇ½ş ½ž½š²=³Ć ÞŠš³ž²F=¸=Þˇ =¼×− ³½ž¹˝Ž− ¼Þ=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=
ŠÐð½Ć−¼=Eð˙Þ− Þ½ˇ ²=₣¹¸³ž=½− ¼=гзДбдЙ=fенЙкеЙн=łÐˇ =šÞžý˚¹ğ ³ž=
×Ýž¹−¾− ¹Ðć ÞLסÐ₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ FK=Û×˙¹₣ šÐ=ך¹˝ ×½ğ ³ž=½− =Š˝ ð½¼− =Þˇ=
³ˇ ²=₣ ¹šć ÞšÐ=×¹ş ³¦š½ˇ =ł Ðˇ =½ž=₣ ¹¸³ž=𾎠¹ý−łć Þ=×− ¼=
¼×− ³½ž¹˝Ž− ¼Þ=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=ŠÐð½Ć− ¼K=·Ðˇ =ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹š²=
Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²I=ס ¹ˇ ðˇ Ý−Ć ýš=š×Ðð− ÐÞğ Þ¸³½š=ýš=½−Þ=ס¹−₣ ˚ˇ=
ŠÐð½Ć−¼K
ȸРž=„¾ˇ ¹ý−łć Þ
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?ÓˇÐ₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²?=
→
=?ÓˇÐ₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²?=→=?Ùş ¹½ğ ³ž=˙ ÝÝğ Þ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=𾎹ý−ł ¸=×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš ˝½šK
Ó¹ÐÞ=?ðˇ ½šŁ˙ ³š½š?=ý˝ˇ=𾎠¹ý−ł¸I=¦ˇ =³ˇ ²=Žž½ž¦š˝ =Þˇ=
š×ÐŁšŁˇÐ ć ³š½š=½žÞ=𾎹ý−ł¸=×− ¼=×¹ş ðšÐ½ˇ Ð=Þˇ =Ý˙Ł š½šK=
fl ¾−Ć =šÝ ˚ łþš½š=½Ð²=×Ýž¹−¾− ¹˝ š²=³½žÞ= − ¦ş Þž=š×Ð ŁšŁ ˇ˝ ğ ³ž²I=
ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =?ðˇ ½šŁ˙³š½š?=½žÞ=𾎠¹ý−ł ¸K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =Þˇ =þšðÐÞ¸³šÐ=ž=Ý¸Ğ žK
=Ej=NF
=Ej=NJNF
=Ej=NJNJNF
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =ş½ˇ Þ=½š ÝšÐć ³š½šK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Òš= − ¹Ð³ý ˚Þš²= −¦ ş Þš²=×Ýž¹ −¾ − ¹Ð ć ÞI=š ˝Þ ˇ Ð=×Ц ˇÞş=Þˇ=
ˇ× ˇÐ½š ˝½ ˇÐ=×г½−× −˝ ž³ž=₣¹¸³½ž=×¹ÐÞ=½ž=Ý¸Ğ ž=½ž²=𾎹ý−ł ¸²K
„ð½˚ Ýš³ž=„¾ˇ ¹ý−łć Þ
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?ÓˇÐ₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²?=
→
=?ÓˇÐ₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=½˝ ½Ý− =½ž²=𾎠¹ý−ł ¸²=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=
šð½šÝ˚ ³š½šK
Â=š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž=𾎠¹ý−ł ¸=šð½šÝš˝ ½ˇ ÐK=⁄ ½ˇ Þ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×− К˝ ½š=
𾎠¹ý−ł˚ ²=×− ¼=¼×− ³½ž¹˝Ž− ¼Þ=³Ć ÞŠš³ž=³š=Š˝ ð½¼−I=ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=
Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½ž=³Ć ÞŠš³ž=³½− =Š˝ ð½¼− K
OK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =½š¹ýˇ½˝ ³š½š=½žÞ=𾎠¹ý−ł¸I=×Ð˚ ³½š= F=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
?Ú˚Ý− ²?K
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=ğ²=pЕкЙЙел~оЙк=łÐˇ =½žÞ=ËĆ¹Ðˇ =̦ş Þž
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?ÓˇÐ₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²?=
→
=?ÓˇÐ₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝− =×− ¼=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½š=ğ ²=
лЕкЙЙел~оЙкK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ô¼¦ýK=ğ ²=pЕкЙЙел~оЙк?K
‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž SR
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=¿ŠšÐˇ²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=− ¹˝ ³š½š=½žÞ=˙ ŠšÐˇ=ł Ðˇ =š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þš²=𾎠¹ý−ł˚ ²=
g~î~∑K
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?ÓˇÐ₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚²?=
→
=?ÓˇÐ₣ Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚²?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=𾎠¹ý−ł ¸=g~î~∑ =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„×˝ ךŠ−=fl³¾˙ ÝK?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=ý˝ˇ =ˇ ׺ =½Ð²=ס¹ˇð˙½ğ=š×ÐÝ−ł˚²W
?Ëݸ³ž=ڞݚ¾ćÞ− ¼?W
?Ó¹ş³Ł K=³½− =‚˝ ð½¼− ?W ̹˝ ŽšÐ=½− =š×˝ ךŠ−=ˇ ³¾˙ ÝšÐˇ ²=łÐˇ =½žÞ=
?ÍžÞĆýˇ ½ˇ ?W ̹˝ ŽšÐ=½− =š×˝ ךŠ−=ˇ ³¾˙ ÝšÐˇ ²=łÐˇ =½Ð²=
?^ìíç=oìå?W ̹˝ ŽšÐ=½− =š×˝ ךŠ−=ˇ ³¾˙ ÝšÐˇ ²=łÐˇ =½žÞ=
?Ú− ×Ðð¸=ÒĆ ÞŠš³ž?W ̹˝ ŽšÐ=½− =š×˝ ךŠ−=ˇ ³¾˙ ÝšÐˇ ²=łÐˇ =½ž=
?fl Þ˙ł Þğ ³ž=‚šŠ− ýK?W ̹˝ ŽšÐ=½− =š×˝ ךŠ−=ˇ ³¾˙ ÝšÐˇ ²=
?„łł ¹K=‚šŠK=ı ¹¸³½K?W ̹˝ ŽšÐ=½− =š×˝ ךŠ−=ˇ ³¾˙ ÝšÐˇ ²=łÐˇ =½žÞ=
?ı ¹¸³ž=Ó− ݼý˚ ³ğ Þ?W ̹˝ ŽšÐ=½− =š×˝ ךŠ− =ˇ ³¾˙ ÝšÐˇ ²=₣ ¹¸³ž²=
Ô¼¦ý˝ ŽšÐ=½žÞ=˙ ŠšÐˇ=ł Ðˇ =½žÞ=
×¹ˇłý ˇ½− ×− ˝ ž³ž=¾ğ Þž½Ððć Þ=ðݸ³šğ ÞK
×¹ş³Łˇ ³ž=³½− =Š˝ ð½¼−K
ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=ýžÞ¼ý˙½ğ Þ=jjp=ðˇ Ð=
pjpK
šð½˚ Ýš³ž=½ž²=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ²K
³Ć ÞŠš³ž=³š=½− ×Ðð˚ ²=³¼³ðš¼˚²K
ˇ Þ ˙ łÞ ğ ³ž²=½ ğ Þ=ŠšŠ − ý ˚ ÞğÞ= ₣¹¸³½žI=
ş× ğ²=½ ğÞ=ð ˇ½ ˇ ₣𹸳š ğÞ=È ˝³½ ˇ²=
š×ˇ¾ć ÞI=½ž²=¦¼¹˝Šˇ ²=ˇÝÝžÝ−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ ²=
E„гš¹₣ş ýšÞˇ F=ðˇ Ð=½ğ Þ=ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þğ Þ=
×− ¼=ך¹Ð˚₣− Þ½ˇ Ð=³½− =ÛÝÐðş=Í−¼K
šłł ¹ˇ ¾¸=ðˇ ½ˇ₣𠹸³šğ Þ=³½− =
½žÝ˚¾ğ Þş =³ˇ ²=ş×ğ ²=ðˇ½ˇ ₣𠹸³šÐ²=
È˝ ³½ˇ ²I=„ס ¾ć Þ=ýžÞĆ ýˇ ½ˇ =
E„гš¹₣ş ýšÞˇ F=ðˇ Ð=³½−Ð₣š ˝ˇ =ˇ ׺ =Ú−=
ÛÝÐðş =ý− ¼K
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NK
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OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÓÝž¹−¾−¹˝ š²?K
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³¼³ð𼏲K
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NK
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OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸?K
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?÷Þ½ˇ ³ž=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł¸²?
NK
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F=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ýšÐć ³š½š=½žÞ=˚ Þ½ˇ³ž=ðˇ Ð=³½ž=³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇ =×Ð˚ ³½š=
K
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?Ùğ ½Ð³ýş ²?=
NK
„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž=½ž²=Țн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ ²=‚Ðˇ ðšð− ýý˚ Þ− ¼=Ùğ ½Ð ³ý−Ć
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NK
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NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
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NK
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OK
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NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
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NK
„г˙ł š½š=½−=₣¹şÞ−=šÞš¹ł−×−˝ž³ž²=ýš=ŠĆ− =Ğ ž¾˝ˇ=
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NK
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NK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =³¼³ð𼏲K
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NK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =³¼³ð𼏲K
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NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÍÞ¸ýž=Ò¼³ 𚼸²?=¸=?Ë˙ ¹½ˇ =ÍÞ¸ýž²?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
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NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÍÞ¸ýž=Ò¼³ð𼏲?=¸=?Ë˙ ¹½ˇ =Í Þ¸ýž²?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?⁄ݡ =½ˇ =sáÇÉç?=¸=½ž=Ý˝³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸²=×− ¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?flÞˇŽ¸½ž³ž?K
QK
„г˙ł š½š=½ˇ =׹㽎=ł ¹˙ýýˇ½ˇ =½− ¼=½˝ ½Ý−¼K
Ú ˇ= ˇ× − ½šÝ ˚³ý ˇ½ ˇ=½ž²= ˇÞ ˇŽ¸½ž³ž²=šý¾ ˇÞ ˝ Ž− Þ½ ˇ Ð=ýš=
ˇÝ¾ ˇŁž½Ðð¸=³šÐ¹˙=ðˇÐ=½−=ˇ¹ ₣š˝ − =×− ¼=³¼ý×˝×½šÐ=ýˇ¹ð˙¹š½ˇÐK
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=fl¹₣š˝ −¼=³½ž=È˝ ³½ˇ=flÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł ¸³š½š=ý˝ˇ=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸²=
ðˇ ½ˇ₣ğ ¹ć Þ½ˇ ²=³D=ˇ ¼½¸=½ˇ =ˇ ¹₣ š˝ˇ =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?qs=C=sáÇÉç?=→=?Úˇ =sáÇÉç=ý− ¼?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÍÞ¸ýž=Ò¼³ð𼏲?=¸=?Ë˙ ¹½ˇ =Í Þ¸ýž²?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?⁄ݡ =½ˇ =sáÇÉç?=¸=½ž=Ý˝³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸²=×− ¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
PK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ˇ ¹₣š˝ −=×−¼=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ=×¹− ³¦˚ ³š½ š=³½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=
ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇłğł¸²K
QK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³¦K=È˝ ³½K=flÞˇ×?K
„ý¾ˇÞ˝Ž− Þ½ˇ Ð=− Ð=Ý˝ ³½š²=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸²K=·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=
³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½ž=ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=ý˝ˇ ²=Ý˝ ³½ˇ ²=ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇłğł ¸²=Šš˝ ½š=
?Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=ý˝ˇ ²=Î˚ˇ ²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=flÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇ łğł ¸²?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =¾˙ ðšÝ− =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Ú− =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− =×− ¼=˚₣ š½š=ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹šÐ=³½− =Ł ¸ýˇ =P=ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆ 𽎠ÐK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇł¹ ˙Ğ š½š=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ=ˇ×ş =½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸²I=
ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½ˇ =ˇ ¹₣ š˝ˇ =ðˇ Ð=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKzK=Ò½ž=³¼Þ˚₣šÐ ˇI=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł ¹K=ˇ×ş =È˝ ³½ˇ ?K
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=ý˝ˇ ²=Î˚ˇ ²=È˝ ³½ˇ ²=flÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸²
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?qs=C=sáÇÉç?=→=?Úˇ =sáÇÉç=ý− ¼?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÍÞ¸ýž=Ò¼³ð𼏲?=¸=?Ë˙ ¹½ˇ=ÍÞ¸ýž²?K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³¦K=Î˚ˇ²=È˝ ³½K?K
PK
„г˙ł š½š=½−=şÞ−ýˇ=×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš ˝½š=łÐ ˇ=½ž=Ý˝³½ˇ=
ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇ łğł¸²K
QK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇł¹ ˙Ğ š½š=½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸²I=ý ˇ¹ð˙¹š½š=½ž=
Ý˝ ³½ˇ =ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇłğł ¸²=ðˇ Ð=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKzK=Ò½ž=³¼Þ˚₣šÐˇ I=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=È˝ ³½ˇ ²?K
„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ =šÞş ²=fl¹₣ š˝−¼=sáÇÉç=`äáé
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?qs=C=sáÇÉç?=→=?Úˇ =sáÇÉç=ý− ¼?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÍÞ¸ýž=Ò¼³ð𼏲?=¸=?Ë˙ ¹½ˇ=ÍÞ¸ýž²?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?⁄ݡ =½ˇ =sáÇÉç?=¸=½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸²=×−¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =×−¼=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ=š×šþš¹ łˇ³½š˝½šK
QK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ ?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
?ËşĞ Ðý− ?W= „×ÐÝ˚ł šÐ=½žÞ=ך¹Ð−₣ ¸=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=
?Û׺ ½Ð½Ý− ²?W= ‚žýÐ− ¼¹łš˝ =˚ Þˇ Þ=¼×ş ½Ð½Ý−=łÐˇ =Þˇ =½− Þ=
ˇ ×− ð şĞ š½šK
×¹− ³¦˚ ³š½š=³½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −K
TM ‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў³ž
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=ý˝ˇ =ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇ łğł ¸²=łÐˇ =
?Í−½˝ Ł−=fl Þˇ ס ¹K?I=?Ùğ ½Ð³ýş ²?=ðˇ Ð=?Í˚ł š¦− ²=̦ş Þž²?=ş½ˇ Þ=
ˇ Þˇ ס ¹˙ łš½š= ˇ ¹₣ š ˝ˇ =обЗЙз=ЕдбйK
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?qs=C=sáÇÉç?=→=?Úˇ =sáÇÉç=ý− ¼?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÍÞ¸ýž=Ò¼³ð𼏲?=¸=?Ë˙ ¹½ˇ =ÍÞ¸ýž²?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?⁄ݡ =½ˇ =sáÇÉç?=¸=½ž=Ý˝³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸²=×−¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −=łÐˇ=½−=−×− ˝−=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹−³ˇ¹ýş ³š½š=
½ž=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ˇ Þˇ×ˇ ¹ˇłğł ¸²K
QK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Í−½˝ Ł−=fl Þˇ ס¹K?I=?Ùğ½Ð³ýş ²?=¸=?Í˚łš¦− ²=
̦ş Þž²?K
SK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=ˇ×ş =½ˇ =šþ¸² W
≥
?Í−½˝ Ł−=fl Þˇ ס ¹K?
?ˡÞ− ÞÐðş ?W flÞˇ×ˇ¹˙ł− Þ½ˇ Ð=şÝˇ =½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ =šÞş ²=
?„סÞ˙ ÝžĞ ž?W= Ò¼Þš₣˝ ŽšÐ=½žÞ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇ łğł ¸=³½−=
?„סÞ˙ ÝžĞ ž=⁄Ýğ Þ?W
?Ú¼₣ˇ˝ − ?W flÞˇ×ˇ¹˙ł− Þ½ˇ Ð=½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ =šÞş ²=
š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− ¼=¾ˇð˚Ý− ¼=ý˝ˇ=¾−¹ ˙ =ðˇ Ð=
³½ž=³¼Þ˚₣ šÐˇ =ž=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸=
³½ˇýˇ½˙K
š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− =¾˙ ðšÝ−K
fl Þˇ ס ¹˙ ł−Þ½ ˇ Ð=şÝ ˇ =½ˇ =ˇ ¹₣ š ˝ˇ =šÞş²=
š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− ¼=¾ˇð˚Ý− ¼K
š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− ¼=¾ˇð˚Ý− ¼=ýš=½¼₣ ˇ˝ˇ=
³šÐ¹˙K
≥
?Ùğ ½Ð³ýş ²?
?Ó˙ Þ½ˇ=ˇÞ− Ðð½ş ²?W=Íš=¾ğ ½Ð³ýş ²=ðˇ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ=
?Ó˙ Þ½ˇ =ðݚг½ş ²?W ığ¹ ˝ ²=¾ğ ½Ð³ýş =ðˇ½˙ =½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ=
?ˡÞ− ÞK=Ô¼¦ýK?W Țн− ¼¹ł š˝ =ýš=½žÞ=ðĆ ¹Ðˇ =¹Ć ¦ýгž=
≥
?Í˚ł š¦− ²=̦ş Þž²?
?fl ¹₣ Ððş =Í˚ł š¦− ²?W=
?Íšł˚ ¦¼Þ³ž?W „ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =³š=ýšłˇÝýš¹−=
?Óݸ¹ž²=−¦ş Þž?W „ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =³š=×ݸ¹ž=
pa=sfabl
Ú ˇ=обЗЙз=Едбйл=Ч −¼=˚₣ š½š=½¹ ˇŁ ¸þšÐ=ýš=½ž= Ł ÐÞ½š −ð˙ýš¹ ˇ=¸=× − ¼=
˚₣š½š=ð ˇ½š Ł ˙³šÐ= ˇ×ş =г½− ³šÝ ˝Šš²=½ −¼=гзДбдЙ=fенЙкеЙн=эЧ−¹ −ĆÞ=
Þ ˇ=ŠÐ ˇ₣ šÐ¹Ð³½ −Ć Þ=ýš=½ − =pa=sfablK
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?qs=C=sáÇÉç?=→=?pa=sfabl?
NK
ȸРž=fl¹₣ š˝ğ Þ=sáÇÉç=`äáé
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?qs=C=sáÇÉç?=→=?È˙Ł š½š=Î˚ˇ =sбЗЙзл?
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ =¾ş ¹½ğ ³ž²=ˇ¹₣ š˝ğ Ю=обЗЙз=ЕдбйK
=Ej=NJOJRF
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇð şĞ š½š=×¹−³ğ ¹ÐÞ˙=½žÞ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł¸I=×Ð ˚³½š= K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =³½ˇýˇ ½¸³š½š=šÞ½šÝć ²=½žÞ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸I=×Ð˚ ³½š=
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇł¹ ˙Ğ š½š=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ=ˇ×ş =½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸²I=
ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ =ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇłğł ¸²I=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸?K
ˇÞ ˇ× ˇ¹ ˇłğł¸²=½ −¼= ˇ¹₣ š ˝−¼K
ˇÞ ˇ× ˇ¹ ˇłğł¸²=½ −¼= ˇ¹₣ š ˝−¼I=ˇðş ýž=
ðˇ Ð=š˙ Þ=×К³½š˝ =ð˙ ×− Ð− =×ݸð½¹− K
¾ğ ½Ð³ý−Ć =E³šÝK UVFK
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =³½−=ˇ ¹₣ Ððş =½− ¼=
ý˚ł š¦− ²K
ý˚ł š¦− ²K
×¹−Ł− ݸK
C
=Ej=NJOJPF
K
‚Ð ˇ³ð ˚Š ˇ ³ž TN
flÞ ˇ× ˇ¹ ˇłğł¸=½ ğÞ= fl¹ ₣š˝ğÞ=sáÇÉç=`äáé
flÞ ˇ× ˇ¹ ˇłğł¸=ښݚ¼½ˇ˝−¼= fl¹ ₣š˝−¼
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?qs=C=sáÇÉç?=→=?ښݚ¼½ˇ˝− =sáÇÉç?
Ô− ¸=‚šŠ− ý˚ Þğ Þ=EpíêÉ~ãáåÖF
Í× − ¹š ˝½š=Þ ˇ= ˇ Þ ˇ × ˇ ¹ ˙ ł š½š= ˇ¹₣ š ˝ˇ =обЗЙз=Едбй=šЮ ć =½ ˇ=ð ˇ½š Ł˙ Žš½š=
ˇ×ş =½− =Š ˝ð½¼ −K
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=š×˝ ³ž²=Þˇ=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ ³š½š=½ž=ŠÐšĆ¦¼Þ³ž=½ž²=
г½− ³šÝ˝Šˇ ²=ğ ²=³šÝЊ− Šš˝ ð½žK
?‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў ³ž?=→=?qs=C=sáÇÉç?=→=?píêÉ~ãáåÖ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=ý˝ˇ =ˇ ׺ =½Ð²=š×ÐÝ−ł˚ ²=?ښݚ¼½ˇ˝ˇ=Ô− ¸=‚šŠ− ýK?I=
?„г˙ł š½š=roi?I=?flł ˇ מý˚Þ− ?I=?fl¹₣š˝ −=Ó¹ş³Łˇ ³ž²?=¸=
?Í˚ł š¦− ²=̦ş Þž²?K
?ښݚ¼½ˇ˝ˇ =Ô−¸=‚šŠ−ýK?W
?„г˙ł š½š=roi?W „г˙ł š½š=½ž=ŠÐšĆ ¦¼Þ³ž=½ž²=г½−³šÝ˝Šˇ²=
?flł ˇ מý˚ Þ− ?W= ˡ ½ˇ₣𠹚˝½ˇÐ=ž=ŠÐšĆ¦¼Þ³ž=½ž²=
?fl ¹₣ š˝− =Ó¹ş ³Łˇ ³ž²?W=
?Í˚ł š¦− ²=̦ş Þž²?W=
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½− =½šÝ𼽎˝−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =ëíêÉ~ãáåÖK
×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK=М=ДкзплЙк=ˇ Þ−˝ ł šÐ=ðˇ Ð=
þšðÐÞ˙ =½ˇ ¼½ş₣ ¹− Þˇ =½ž=Ý¸Ğ ž=ðˇ Ð=½žÞ=
ˇ Þˇ ס ¹ˇ łğł¸K
г½− ³šÝ˝Šˇ ²K
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ ŽšÐ=½ˇ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ =ðˇ½ˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸²=½ğ Þ=
г½− ³šÝ˝Šğ Þ=×− ¼=×¹− ³×šÝ˙³ˇ ½šK=fl׺ =½− =
ˇ ¹₣ š ˝ −=ý×− ¹š ˝ ½š=Þˇ =þšðÐÞ¸³š½š=½ž=¹− ¸K
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl¹₣ Ððş =Í˚ł š¦− ²?I=
?Íšł˚ ¦¼Þ³ž?=¸=?Óݸ¹ž²=−¦şÞž?K
=Ej=NJOJNF
=Ej=NJOJOF
TO ‚Ðˇ ³ð˚Ў³ž
fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹ł ˇ Ýš˝ˇ
Âýš¹−ÝşłÐ−
Ú− =Âýš¹− Ýşł Ð− =³˙ ²=š×н¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =×¹−ł ¹ˇ ýýˇ ½˝ ³š½š=
³¼Þˇ Þ½¸³šÐ²=¸=³¼ýŁ˙ Þ½ˇ=ł Ðˇ=− ×− Ðˇ Џ×− ½š=žýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ =¸=㹎 K
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½š=ˇ¼½˚²=½Ð²=ðˇ½ˇ₣𹸳šÐ²=ý ˚³ğ =
¼×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ Þ=¸=ˇ³Ć ¹ýˇ ½ž²=½š₣Þ−Ý−ł˝ˇ ²=
¼×−Ý−ł г½¸=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇý− йˇ³½š˝½š=½ˇ=˝ŠÐˇ=₣ ¹− Þ− ŠÐˇł¹ ˙ýýˇ½ˇK=
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=ˇ Þ½ˇ ÝÝ˙ ³³š½š=ðˇ½ˇ ₣𹸳šÐ²=ýš= ˙ ÝÝš²=³¼³ðš¼˚ ²I=ž=
žýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ =ðˇ Ð=ž=㹎 =×− ¼=šý¾ˇÞ˝Ž− Þ½ˇ Ð=šÞŠ˚₣ 𽎠Ð=Þˇ=
ŠÐˇ¾˚¹− ¼Þ=ˇ×ş =½Ð²=×¹ˇłýˇ½Ðð˚²=ˇÞ˙Ý−ł ˇ=ýš=½−Þ=½Ć×−=
ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þğ Þ=½ž²=³¼³ð𼏲=Ý¸Ğ ž²K
‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=Î˚ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ ₣ć ¹ž³ž²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Âýš¹−ÝşłÐ−?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ= žý˚¹ˇ =³½žÞ=−×−˝ˇ=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹− ³¦˚ ³š½š=˚Þˇ =
³¼ýŁ˙ ÞK
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ³¦K=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹K?K
PK
„г˙ł š½š=½− =¦˚ýˇK
QK
„г˙ł š½š=½žÞ=½−×− ¦š³˝ˇ K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½žł− ¹˝ˇ=× −¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
SK
„г˙ł š½š=½žÞ=žýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ =˚ Þˇ ¹þž²=ðˇÐI=ðˇ½ş ×ÐÞI=šÐ³˙ł š½š=
½žÞ=㹎 =˚ Þˇ¹þž²K
TK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇK
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?¿ÝÝš²?I=šÐ³˙ł š½š=½žÞ= 㹎 =ð ˇ Ð=½žÞ=
žýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ =ݸþž²=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½šK
UK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=㹎 =¼×šÞ¦Ć ýгž²K
„˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?¿ÝÝš²?I=šÐ³˙ł š½š=½žÞ=㹎 =ðˇ Ð=½žÞ=
žýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ =¼×šÞ¦Ćýгž²=×−¼=¦˚Ýš½šK
VK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xfl×−¦¸ðKzK
=Ej=TJNF
=Ej=TF
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=³š=˚Þˇ Þ=
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
„ ˙Þ= − Ð=¹¼¦ý ˝³šÐ²=žýš¹ − ýžÞ ˝ˇ²=ð ˇÐ= 㹎²=ŠšÞ= ˚₣−¼Þ=šÐ³ ˇ ₣¦š ˝ =
ˇðş ýžI=¦ ˇ=šý¾ˇÞг½š ˝=ž= −¦ şÞž=šÐ³ ˇłğł¸²=žýš¹ −ýžÞ ˝ˇ²=ð ˇÐ=
ć ¹ˇ²=E³šÝK VMFK
≥
Â=¼×šÞ¦Ć ýгž=ŠšÞ=šÞš¹ł− ×−К˝½ˇ Ð=ş½ˇ Þ=ž=?·šÞÐð¸=˚ Þ½ˇ ³ž=
¾ğ Þ¸²?=E³šÝK UQF=¹¼¦ýг½š˝ =³š=?ÒÐğ מݺ ?K
fl Ýݡ ł¸=ÚĆ ×− ¼=◊₣− ¼=„Њ− ×− и³šğ Þ=¸=½ −¼=sáÇÉç
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=Î˚ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Û×šÞ¦Ć ýгž?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½K=ÚşÞ− ¼LsáÇÉç?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ K=ÚşÞ− ¼?=ðˇ Ð=ýš½˙=?Ó¹−¹¼¦ýгýK=◊₣−Ð?=¸=
?ÌÐ=◊₣− Ð=j− ¼?=¸=š×ÐÝ˚þš½š=?fl޽г½− ˝₣K=sáÇÉç? K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ −=¸₣− ¼=¸=обЗЙз=Едбй=Ч− ¼=š×Ц¼ ý š ˝½šK
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=šÞş ²=¸₣− ¼I=Šš˝ ½š=
?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž=šÞş ²=◊₣− ¼=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝ Ў UQK
fl Ýݡ ł¸=‚Ð ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ²=◊₣− ¼=„Њ −×− и³š ğÞ=¸=sáÇÉç
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=Î˚ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Û×šÞ¦Ć ýгž?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=₣¹− ÞÐð¸=ך¹˝−Š− K
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ łš½š=?¿ÝÝš²?I=ý×− ¹š ˝ ½š=Þ ˇ =šÐ³ ˙ł š½š=½ −=₣ ¹ş Þ− =
×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½š=ýš=ŠĆ− =Ğ ž¾˝ˇ =₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− Ðć Þ½ˇ ²=½− =
×Ýžð½¹−ÝşłÐ−K
fl Ýݡ ł¸=½ž²=„×ÐÝ−ł¸²=„סÞ˙ Ýž Ğ ž²=½ž²=Û×šÞ¦Ć ýгž²
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=Î˚ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„סÞ˙ ÝžĞ ž?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=š×ˇÞ˙ ÝžĞ ž²=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½šK
fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹ł ˇ Ýš˝ˇ TP
„гˇłğł ¸=Óš¹Ðł¹ˇ ¾¸²
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=Î˚ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Óš¹Ðł¹ˇ ¾¸?K
OK
„г˙ł š½š=ý˝ˇ =³žýš˝ğ ³ž=łÐˇ =½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=
₣ ¹− Þ− ŠÐˇ ł ¹˙ýýˇ½− ²K
Íš½ˇ ½¹− ׸=ˡ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž²=³š=fl׺ ¹¹ž½ž
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=Î˚ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ͼ³½Ððş ?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ý𽎠½¹˚ Ğ š½š=½ˇ=ŠšŠ−ý ˚Þˇ=³š=
ˇ ׺ ¹¹ž½ ˇ =¸=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?= łÐˇ=Þˇ =ýžÞ=½ ˇ=ˇ ÝÝ˙ þš½šK
Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=ý˝ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²=ı¹−Þ−ŠÐˇ ł¹˙ýýˇ½− ²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Âýš¹−ÝşłÐ−?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=žý˚¹ˇ =×−¼=¦˚Ýš½š=Þ ˇ=×¹−Ł˙ Ýš½šK
fl Þˇ ޏ½ž³ž=ˡ½˙ =Âýš¹ − ýžÞ ˝ˇ
NK
Òš=−×−Ðˇ Џ×− ½š=×¹−Ł−ݸI=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
?Íš½˙Ł ˇ ³ž?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ò¸ý𹎠?=łÐˇ=Þˇ =šý¾ˇÞ˝³š½š=½ž=³žýš¹ÐÞ¸=žý˚¹ˇ=¸=
?„гˇł K=žýš¹− ýK?=łÐˇ =Þˇ=šÐ³˙ł š½š =½žÞ=žýš¹− ýž Þ ˝ˇ=×− ¼=
š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
Ò½žÞ=ýžÞÐˇ˝ˇ =¸=šŁŠ−ýˇ ŠÐˇ˝ˇ =×¹−Ł− ݸI=ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =šÝ˚ł₣ š½š=
½žÞ=×¹−Ł− ݸ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×−ÐćÞ½ˇ²=½ˇ=šþ¸²W
ÍžÞÐˇ˝ˇ =×¹−Ł− ݸ
P
W„ ý ¾ˇÞ˝ŽšÐ=½−Þ=×¹−žł−ĆýšÞ−=ý¸Þ ˇK
R
W„ ý ¾ˇÞ˝ŽšÐ=½−Þ=š×şýšÞ−=ý¸ÞˇK
Q
W„ ý ¾ˇÞ˝ŽšÐ=½žÞ=šŁŠ−ý ˇŠÐˇ˝ˇ=×¹−Ł− ݸK
K
WÍ š ½ˇðÐÞš˝=½−=й−ý ˚ˇ=³½ž=³žýš¹ÐÞ¸=žý˚¹ˇK
cLd
WÍ š ½ˇðÐÞš˝=½−=й−ý ˚ˇ=×¹−²=½ˇ=ˇ¹Ð³½š¹˙=
E×¹−žł−Ć ýšÞž=žý˚¹ˇ F=¸=×¹− ²=½ˇ =ŠšþÐ˙ =Eš×ş ýšÞž=
žý˚¹ˇ FK
aLb
WÍ š ½ˇðÐÞš˝=½−=й−ý ˚ˇ=×¹−²=½ ˇ=š×˙Þğ =E½šÝ𼽎˝ˇ =
„Ł Š− ýˇ ŠÐˇ˝ˇ =×¹−Ł− ݸ
P
R
Q
K
cLd
aLbWÍš½ˇ ðÐÞš˝ =½žÞ=šŁŠ −ýˇŠÐˇ˝ˇ =×¹−Ł− ݸ=×¹− ²=½ˇ =š×˙Þğ =
„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ=ý˝ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ ₣ć ¹ž³ž²=ı¹− Þ− ŠÐˇł¹ ˙ ýýˇ½− ²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Âýš¹−ÝşłÐ−?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=žý˚¹ˇ =ðˇÐ=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž=×−¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=
š×šþš¹łˇ ³½š˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =³½−Ð₣š˝ −=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=ðˇ Ð=½¹−×−×−и³½š=½žÞ=
ðˇ ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³žK
QK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xfl×− ¦¸ðKzK
‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=ˡ½ˇ₣𹸳šğÞ=ı¹− Þ−ŠÐˇł¹ ˙ ýýˇ½− ²
NK
Òš=−×−Ðˇ Џ×− ½š=×¹−Ł− ݸI=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ¾¸?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
?fl ¼½ş =½− =ı ¹− Þ− ŠK?=E×¹−Ł− ݸ=žý˚ ¹ˇ ²FW
?lÝş ðÝK=Âý˚¹ˇ ²?W ‚Ðˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ=ş Ýš²=½Ð²=ðˇ½ˇ ₣𠹸³šÐ²=½ž²=
?⁄ ݡ =½ž²=šŁ Š− ý˙ Ў ²?=EšŁ Š− ýˇ ŠÐˇ˝ˇ =×¹−Ł− ݸFW
šŁ Š− ý˙ Ў F=¸=×¹−²=½ˇ=ð˙½ ğ=Eš×şýšÞž=šŁŠ−ý˙ Ў FK
W„ ý ¾ˇÞ˝ŽšÐ=½žÞ=×¹−žł−ĆýšÞž=šŁŠ−ý˙ ЎK
W„ ý ¾ˇÞ˝ŽšÐ=½žÞ=š×şýšÞž=šŁŠ−ý˙ Ў K
W„ ý ¾ˇÞ˝ŽšÐ=½ž=ýžÞÐˇ˝ˇ=×¹−Ł− ݸK
WÍ š ½ˇðÐÞš˝=½−=й−ý ˚ˇ=³½ž=³žýš¹ÐÞ¸=žý˚¹ˇK
WÍ š ½ˇðÐÞš˝=½−=й−ý ˚ˇ=×¹−²=½ ˇ=ˇ¹Ð³½š¹˙=
E×¹−žł−Ć ýšÞž=žý˚¹ˇ F=¸=×¹− ²=½ˇ =ŠšþÐ˙ =Eš×ş ýšÞž=
žý˚¹ˇ FK
¸=×¹− ²=½ˇ =ð˙½ğ =E×¹ −žł−Ć ýšÞž=¸=š×şýšÞž=㹎 FK
‚Ðˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ=½žÞ=š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³žK
š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž²=žý˚¹ˇ ²K
‚Ðˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ=ş Ýš²=½Ð²=ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹸³šÐ²=½ž²=
š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž²=šŁŠ−ý˙ Ў ²K
TQ fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C= „ ¹łˇÝš˝ˇ
?÷ğ ²=½šÝš¼½K=šŁŠ−ý˙ Ў ?=EšŁŠ−ýˇ ŠÐˇ˝ˇ =×¹−Ł− ݸFW
?⁄ ݡ =½− ¼=Í¸Þˇ ?=EýžÞÐˇ˝ˇ =×¹−Ł− ݸFW
?÷ğ ²=ښݚ¼½=Í¸Þˇ?=EýžÞÐˇ˝ˇ=×¹−Ł− ݸFW
?⁄ Ýš²=− Ð=Ò¼Þˇ Þ½K?=EšŁ Š− ýˇ ŠÐˇ˝ˇ =ðˇ Ð=ýžÞÐˇ˝ˇ =×¹−Ł− ݸFW
fl×− ³½− ݸ=ý ˝ˇ²=ˡ½ ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž²=ı¹− Þ− ŠÐ ˇł¹˙ýý ˇ½− ²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Âýš¹−ÝşłÐ−?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=žý˚¹ˇ =ðˇ Ð=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž= × −¼=ך¹ÐݡýŁ ˙ÞšÐ=½Ð²=
ðˇ ½ˇ₣𠹸³šÐ²=₣ ¹− Þ−ŠÐˇ ł¹˙ýýˇ½−²=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×− ³½− ݸ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?˜²=͸޼ýˇ ?I=?Нš=_дмЙнззнЬ?=¸=?Нš=ЫЧ˚¹¼¦¹š²?K
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½ž=ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=šÞ ş ²=
ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=Šš˝ ½š=½žÞ=šÞş ½ž½ˇ =?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =Î˚− ¼=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ QQK
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=½ž²=ˇ³Ć ¹ýˇ ½ž²=
ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ ²=
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=Û×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ ÞI=
Šš˝ ½š=?Û×˚ ¹¼¦¹š²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ NMPK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=³Ć Žš¼þž=¦ˇ=₣ ¹šÐˇ ³½š˝ =Þˇ =šÐ³˙ł š½š=˚Þˇ Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş=ş½ˇ Þ=
³¼ÞŠ˚ š³½š=łÐˇ=׹㠽ž=¾−¹˙ =ýš=ý ˝ˇ =³¼³ðš¼¸=×−¼=ŠÐˇ¦˚½šÐ=
ˇ ³Ć ¹ý ˇ ½ž=½š₣Þ− Ý−ł ˝ˇ =_дмЙнззнЬK
‚Ð ˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ= ş Ýš²=½Ð²=ð ˇ½ ˇ ₣𹸳šÐ²=×¹ÐÞ=
ˇ×ş = ˇ¼½¸=½žÞ=š ŁŠ −ý ˙Š ˇK
‚Ðˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ=ş Ýš²=½Ð²=ðˇ½ˇ₣𹸳šÐ²=½−¼=
š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− ¼=ý¸ÞˇK
‚Ðˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ=ş Ýš²=½Ð²=ðˇ½ˇ₣𹸳šÐ²=×¹ÐÞ=
ˇ ׺ = ˇ ¼½şÞ=½− =ý¸Þ ˇ K
‚Ðˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ=ş Ýš²=½Ð²=ðˇ½ˇ₣𹸳šÐ²=
ˇ ¼½¸²=½ž²=𾎹ý−ł ¸²K
_дмЙнззнЬ
I=Šš˝ ½š=?_дмЙнззнЬ?=³½ž=³šЭ˝Šˇ NMNK
ȸРž=ý˝ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ ₣ć ¹ž³ž²=ı¹− Þ− ŠÐˇł¹ ˙ ýýˇ½−²
⁄ ½ ˇ Þ=½ −=½žÝ ˚ ¾ğÞ −=Ý ˇ ýŁ ˙ ÞšÐ=ý ˝ˇ =ð ˇ ½ ˇ ₣ć¹ž³ž=
₣¹ −Þ −ŠÐ ˇ ł¹˙ ýýˇ ½ −²I=šý¾ ˇÞ ˝Žš½ ˇÐ= ˚Þ ˇ=ý¸Þ¼ý ˇ=š×Ð Łš َ˝ ğ³ž²=
³½žÞ=ð ˇ½ ˙ ³½ ˇ ³ž= ˇÞ ˇ ý− Þ¸²K
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xΡ ÐzK
Â=Ýž¾¦š˝³ˇ =ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ 𽎠Ð=³½− =Âýš¹−ÝşłÐ−K
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x⁄₣ Ðz=łÐˇ =ˇ ׺ ¹¹ÐĞ žK
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=šÐ³ˇłğł ¸=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šğ Þ=
¼×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ Þ=¸=ˇ³Ć ¹ýˇ ½ž²=³Ć ЮŠš³ž²=_дмЙнззнЬI=Šš˝ ½š=
?Ò¼ÞŠš³Ðýş ½ž½ˇ ?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ=NMNK
Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=½ž²=ˡ½˙³½ˇ³ž²=ÍÞ¸ýž²
NK
Òš=−×−Ðˇ Џ×− ½š=×¹−Ł− ݸI=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
?ˡ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ÍÞ¸ýž²?K
ϼ×Þž½¸¹Ðˇ
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=½ğÞ=ϼ×Þž½ž¹ÐćÞ
Ú −=þ¼×Þž½¸¹Ð=³ ˇ ²=šÐŠ −× − К ˝ =ý ˝ˇ =³¼ łðšð¹Ðý ˚Þž=㹎 =× − ¼= ˚₣ š½š=
−¹˝ ³šÐK
ÒžýšÐć ³½š=ş ½Ð=×¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½š=½žÞ=½¹˚₣− ¼³ˇ =žýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ =
ðˇ Ð=ć ¹ˇ =Jš¾ş ³− Þ=ŠšÞ=½− =˚₣ š½š=ð˙ ÞšÐ=¸ŠžJ=×¹ÐÞ=¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½š=½−=
þ¼×Þž½¸¹ÐK
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?ϼ×Þž½¸¹Ðˇ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðšÞ¸=¹Ć ¦ýгžK
OK
„г˙ł š½š=½žÞ=㹎 =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xfl×− ¦¸ðKzK
=Ej=TJOF
fl½Ž ˚Þ½ ˇ=C=„¹ ł ˇÝš ˝ˇ TR
flÝÝ ˇł¸=½ −¼=Ú Ć× −¼=½ž²=„×ÐÝ−ł ¸²=„×ˇÞ ˙ÝžĞž²
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=ÔĆ ¦ýгž=ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð−Ć I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„סÞ˙ ÝžĞ ž?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=ˇ×ş =?Í˝ˇ=Ù−¹˙ =Íş Þ−?I=?Ë˙ ¦š=Í˚¹ˇ ?=¸=?„×ÐÝšł ýK=
Í˚ ¹š²?K
?Í˝ˇ=Ù−¹˙ =ÍşÞ− ?W Ú− =þ¼×Þž½¸¹Ð=₣ ½¼×˙ =ý˝ˇ =¾−¹˙ K
?Ë˙ ¦š=Í˚¹ˇ ?W Ú− =þ¼×Þž½¸¹Ð=₣ ½¼×˙ =ð˙ ¦š=ý˚¹ˇ =³½žÞ=
?„×ÐÝšł ýK=Í˚ ¹š²?W Ú− =þ¼×Þž½¸¹Ð=₣ ½¼×˙ =½žÞ=š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž=
fl Ýݡ ł¸=½−¼=ÚĆ ×− ¼=½− ¼= ◊₣− ¼=ϼ×Þž½ž¹ Ð −Ć=¸=½− ¼= ˇ¹₣ š ˝ − ¼=sáÇÉç=
`äáé
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=ÔĆ ¦ýгž=ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð−ĆI=š×ÐÝ˚þ½š=?fl ޽г½K=ÚşÞ−¼L
sáÇÉç?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl޽г½K=ÚşÞ−¼=ϼ×ÞK?=ðˇ Ð=ýš½ ˙=?Ó ¹ − ¹¼¦ýгýK=◊₣−Ð?=
¸=?ÌÐ=◊₣− Ð=j− ¼?=¸=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?fl ޽г½K=sáÇÉç=ϼ×ÞK?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=¸₣− =¸=½−=ˇ¹₣ š˝−=обЗЙз=Едбй=Ч− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½šK
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=šÞş ²=¸₣− ¼I=Šš˝ ½š=
?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž=šÞş ²=◊₣−¼=Ë−¼Š−¼Þ˝³ýˇ½ −²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ UQK
fl Ýݡ ł¸=½ž²=„× ˇ Þ˙ ÝžĞ ž²=½ − ¼= ◊₣− ¼=ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð −Ć
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=ÔĆ ¦ýгž=ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð−Ć I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„סÞ˙ ÝžĞ ž?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=š×ˇÞ˙ ÝžĞ ž²=× −¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
fl Ýݡ ł¸=÷Þ½ ˇ ³ž²=½−¼=ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð−Ć
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=ÔĆ ¦ýгž=ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð−Ć I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?÷Þ½ˇ ³ž=
ϼ×Þž½ž¹K?K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=a=E¸=dF=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ˇ¼þ¸³š½š=½žÞ=˚Þ½ˇ³ž=¸=×Ð˚³½š= b=E¸=
c
F=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ýšÐć³š½š=½žÞ=˚ Þ½ˇ ³žK
×¹−ðˇ ¦− ¹Ð³ý˚ Þž=㹎 K=
žý˚¹ˇ =½ž²=šŁŠ−ý˙ Ў ²=½ž=³¼ł ðšð¹Ðý˚ Þž=
ć ¹ˇ K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Ú− =þ¼×Þž½¸¹Ð=ŠšÞ=¦ˇ =ž₣ ¸³šÐ=ş½ˇ Þ=ž= ?÷Þ½ˇ ³ž=ϼ×Þž½ž¹K?=š˝Þˇ Ð=
¹¼¦ýгý˚ Þž=³š=?ÒÐğמݺ ?K=⁄½ˇ Þ=½− =×¹− ¾˝ Ý=š˝ Þˇ Ð=¹¼¦ýгý˚Þ−=
³š=?ÒÐğ מݺ ?I=½ş ½š=ž=¹Ć¦ýгž=?·šÞÐð¸=˚ Þ½ˇ ³ž=¾ğ Þ¸²?=
E³šÝK UQF=˚₣ šÐ=×¹− ½š¹ˇÐş ½ž½ˇK
fl Ýݡ ł¸=½ž²=‚ş Þž³ž²= łÐˇ=½−Þ=◊₣− =ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð−Ć
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=ÔĆ ¦ýгž=ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð−Ć I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚ş Þž³ž?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?I=?Ò¼ÞŠšŠK=ýš=◊₣− ?=¸=? Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=Šş Þž³ž²I=Šš˝ ½š=
?‚ş Þž³ž?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ USK
fl Ýݡ ł¸=½ž²=‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐ ˇ ²=½ −¼=◊₣− ¼=ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð −Ć
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=ÔĆ ¦ýгž=ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð−Ć I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×Ц¼ýž½¸=ŠÐ˙¹ðšÐˇK
„×ˇÞˇ¾−¹˙ =ýÐˇ ²=ÔĆ ¦ýгž²=ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð−Ć
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?ϼ×Þž½¸¹Ðˇ?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =þ¼×Þž½¸¹Ð=×−¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =š×ˇÞˇ¾˚ ¹š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„×ˇÞˇ ¾K=ϼ×Þž½K?K
„×ˇÞˇ¾−¹˙ =½ğ Þ=Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šğ Þ=⁄ Ýğ Þ=½ğ Þ=ϼ×Þž½ž¹ÐćÞ
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?ϼ×Þž½¸¹Ðˇ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=⁄Ýğ Þ?K
TS fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C= „ ¹łˇÝš˝ˇ
fl ¹Ð¦ý−ýž₣ ˇ Þ¸
Íš=½žÞ= ˇ¹Ð¦ý − ýž ₣ˇ Þ¸I=ý× − ¹š ˝½š=Þ ˇ=×¹ ˇłý ˇ ½− × − и³š½š=½Ð²=Q=
ˇ¹Ð¦ýž½Ðð ˚²=×¹ ˙þšÐ²= ₣¹ž³Ðý −× −Ð ćÞ½ ˇ²= ˚ğ²=ð ˇÐ=NO= Ğž¾ ˝ˇK
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?fl ¹Ð¦ý− ýž₣ˇ Þ¸?
ÌÐ=ݚн −¼¹ ł˝ š²=½ ğÞ=×ݸ𽹠ğÞ= łÐˇ =½Ð ²= ˇ ¹Ð¦ýž½Ðð ˚ ²=×¹ ˙ þšÐ²= ˚₣− ¼Þ=
ğ²=šþ¸²W
=Ej=TJPF
̹гýş ²=ýÐˇ ²=Á³− ½Ðý˝ˇ ²=Î−ý˝ ³ýˇ ½−²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?fl ¹Ð¦ý− ýž₣ˇ Þ¸?=→=x„×ÐÝKz=→=
?Íš½ˇ ½¹K=Î−ý˝ ³ýˇ ½K?=
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ú− ×Ððş ?=¸=?Ï˚Þ− ?K
OK
„г˙ł š½š=½žÞ=г− ½Ðý˝ˇ=Þ−ý˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²K
Íš½ˇ ½¹− ׸=ý˝ˇ ²=ÚÐý¸²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?fl ¹Ð¦ý− ýž₣ˇ Þ¸?
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½žÞ=½Ðý¸=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=ý𽎠½¹˚Ğ š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Íš½ˇ ½¹K=Î−ý˝ ³ýˇ ½K?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Íš½ˇ ½¹K=³š =½−×Ððş ?=¸=?Íš½ˇ½¹K=³š=þ˚Þ−?K
→
=?Á³− ½Ðý˝ˇ ?
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =šÐ³˙ł š½š=ý˝ˇ =¼×− ŠÐˇ ³½−ݸ=×Ð˚ ³½š=
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ŠÐˇł¹ ˙Ğ š½š=½− Þ=ˇ¹Ð¦ýş=¸=½žÞ= ˇ¹Ð¦ýž½Ðð¸=×¹˙þž=×− ¼=
˚ ₣š½š=šÐ³ ˙ łšÐ=×Ð ˚ ³½š=
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =×¹ˇłý ˇ½− ×− и³š½š=½−¼²=¼×−Ý−łÐ³ý−ò=×Ð˚³½š= K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =þšðÐÞ¸³š½š=˚ÞˇÞ=Þ˚−=¼×−Ý−łÐ³ýş=×Ð ˚³½š=
Íš½ˇ ½¹− ׸=k− ýгý˙½ğ Þ
Í×− ¹š˝ ½šI=š×˝ ³ž²I=Þˇ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×− и³š½š=½žÞ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ý− ýž₣ˇ Þ¸=ğ ²=
ý𽎠½¹−×˚ˇ =Þ− ýгý˙½ğ Þ=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×−Ðć Þ½ˇ ²=ý˝ˇ =г− ½Ðý˝ˇ =×− ¼=
šÐ³˙ł š½šK
U
K
P
K
U
K
Â₣−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³ž=Ùğ Þ¸²
fl ¼½¸=ž=ݚн−¼¹ł ˝ˇ =³˙ ²=š×н¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =ž₣−ł ¹ ˇ ¾¸³š½š=˚ Þˇ =
¾ğ Þž½Ððş =ˇ ׺ ³×ˇ ³ýˇ I=½− =− ×−˝ − =ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½š=
ğ ²=¼×šÞ¦Ć ýгž= łÐˇ =ð ˇ ½ ˇ ₣𠹸³šÐ²=½ − ¼= ₣¹− Þ− ŠÐˇ ł ¹˙ ýý ˇ ½ − ²=¸=Þˇ=
³½š˝ Ýš½š=ýš=˚Þˇ =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =×− ݼý˚³ğ Þ=EjjpFK=Ú− =ž₣−ł ¹ˇ¾žý˚Þ− =
¾ğ Þž½Ððş =ˇ ׺ ³×ˇ ³ýˇ =ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆ 𽎠Ð=³½− ¼²=fl×− ¦žðš¼ý˚Þ− ¼²=
◊₣− ¼²K=Úˇ =¾ ğ Þž½Ðð˙=ˇ × − ³×˙³ýˇ ½ˇ =ˇ × − ¦žðšĆ− Þ½ˇÐ=ýš=¾ − ¹ý˙=
^joK
„łł ¹ˇ ¾¸=šÞş ²=Ùğ Þž½Ðð−Ć =fl ×− ³×˙ ³ýˇ ½− ²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Â₣−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³ž=Ùğ Þ¸²?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =Þˇ =þšðÐÞ¸³šÐ=ž=ž₣−ł¹˙ ¾ž³žK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =³½ˇýˇ ½¸³š½š=½žÞ=šłł ¹ˇ ¾¸=×¹ÐÞ=½šÝšÐć ³šÐ=−=₣¹şÞ− ²=
šłł ¹ˇ ¾¸²=×Ð˚ ³½š= K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž?=łÐˇ =Þˇ=ˇ ×− ¦žðšĆ ³š½š=½− =¾ğ Þž½Ððş =
ˇ ׺ ³× ˇ ³ýˇK
=Ej=TJQF
fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹ł ˇ Ýš˝ˇ TT
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=a=E¸=VF=¸=b=E¸=WF=łÐˇ =Þˇ =¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½š=½žÞ=˚Þ½ˇ³ž=½−¼=
¸₣−¼=ð ˇ ½˙ =½žÞ=ˇÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸=½− ¼=ž₣−ł ¹ˇ¾žý˚Þ− ¼=ˇ¹₣ š˝− ¼K
fl×− ³½− ݸ=Ùğ Þž½Ððć Þ= fl×− ³× ˇ³ý ˙½ğ Þ
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Â₣−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³ž=ÙğÞ¸²?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =Þˇ =þšðÐÞ¸³šÐ=ž=ž₣−ł¹˙ ¾ž³žK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =Þˇ =³½ ˇýˇ ½¸³šÐ=ž =ž ₣−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³žK
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×− ¦¸ðK=C=fl×− ³½− ݸ?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?˜²=͸޼ýˇ ?K
·Ðˇ =ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹š²=×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½ž=ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =
šÞş ²=ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²I=Šš˝ ½š=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚ −¼=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½−²?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ QQK
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=½− ¼=ı¹ş Þ− ¼=„łł ¹ˇ ¾¸²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Â₣−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³ž=ÙğÞ¸²?= →=x„×ÐÝKz=
→
=?ı¹ş Þ− ²=„łł ¹ˇ ¾¸²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·Ðˇ=fl×− ³ ½K=ÍžÞ?=¸=?ÍšłK=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ²?K
⁄½ ˇÞ=š×ÐÝ ˚łš½š=?Íš łK=ŠÐ ˙¹ðšÐ ˇ²?I=½ ˇ=¾ ğÞž½Ðð˙=
ˇ×− ³× ˙³ý ˇ½ ˇ= ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ− Þ½ ˇÐ= ˇ¼½ şý ˇ½ ˇ=³½žÞ=ð ˙¹½ ˇ=
ýÞ¸ýž²K
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=Ê˚ ³ž²=fl×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Â₣−ł ¹˙ ¾ž³ž=ÙğÞ¸²?= →=x„×ÐÝKz=
→
=?fl ×K=Þ˚ğ Þ=¸₣ K=³š?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=¦˚ ³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?„×ÐÝK=×¹− =½ž²= ˇ×− ¦K?I=ý× − ¹š ˝ ½š=Þ ˇ=
š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½ž=¦˚ ³ž=ˇ×− ¦¸ðš¼³ž²=šÞş ²=¾ğ Þž½Ðð−Ć =
ˇ ×− ³× ˙ ³ýˇ ½− ²K
bJ_ççâ
=Ej=TJRF
fl ¼½¸=ž=ݚн−¼¹ł ˝ˇ =³˙ ²=š×н¹ ˚ ךÐ=Þ ˇ =Šš ˝½š=½ˇ =ˇ ¹₣ š ˝ˇ =
žÝšð½¹− ÞÐðć Þ=ŁÐŁÝ˝ ğ Þ=Eujac=¸=ˇ¹₣ š˝ˇ =ðšÐý˚ Þ− ¼F=×− ¼=˚₣− ¼Þ=
ˇ ×− ¦žðš¼½š ˝ =³š=ý˝ˇ =ð˙ ¹½ˇ =ýÞ¸ýž²K
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?bJ_ççâ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ð¼Ý¸³š½š=½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=š×˙Þğ =ðˇ Ð=ð˙½ğ =Eýš½˙Ł ˇ ³ž=³½žÞ=
×¹−žł−Ć ýšÞž=¸=½žÞ=š×ş ýšÞž=ł¹ˇ ýý¸FI=×Ð˚ ³½š=
Þˇ =ýš½ˇŁ š˝ ½š=³½žÞ=×¹−žł−Ć ýšÞž=¸=³½Ð²=š×ş ýšÞš²=³šÝ˝ Šš²=
c
×Ð˚ ³½š=
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=F=ş ½ˇ Þ=− Ý−ðÝž¹ć ³š½š=½ž=ŠÐˇ ŠÐðˇ³˝ˇK
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
⁄ ½ ˇ Þ=Ý ˙ Łš½š=ý˝ˇ =ðݸ³ž=šÞ ć=š ˝ ³½š=³š=ð ˇ½ ˙ ³½ ˇ ³ž=×¹ −Ł−ݸ²=¸=
ş½ˇ Þ=ðÝš˝ Þš½š= ˚Þˇ=žÝšð½¹ −ÞÐð ş=ŁÐ ŁÝ˝ −I=×¹−³½˝ ¦š½ˇ Ð=ˇ¼½ şý ˇ½ ˇ=
³½žÞ=½šÝ𼽎˝ˇ=³šÝ˝Šˇ=×−¼=×¹−Ł ˙Ýݡ½š=−=? fl¼½şýK=
ÒšÝЊ− Šš˝ 𽞲N?K=Â=³šÝ˝Šˇ=ýš=½− =³šÝЊ− Šš˝ ð½ž=ˇÞ− ˝łšÐ=
ˇ ¼½şý ˇ ½ˇ =ş ½ ˇÞ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½žÞ=š×şýšÞž=¾− ¹ ˙ =ˇ ¼½ş=½− = ˇ ¹₣š˝ − K=
Ì=Þ˚− ²=³šÝЊ− Šš˝ð½ž²=š˝Þˇ Ð=½ć¹ˇ =−=?fl¼½ şýK=ÒšÝЊ−Šš˝ð½ž²N?I=
ðˇ Ð=ˇ ÝÝ˙ ŽšÐ=½− Þ=×¹− žł−Ć ýšÞ− =³šÝЊ− Šš˝ ð½ž=³š=?fl ¼½ş ýK=
ÒšÝЊ− Šš˝ 𽞲O?K
=¸=dK
a
=¸=bK=·Ðˇ=
TU fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C= „ ¹łˇÝš˝ˇ
Ó¹− ³¦¸ðž=šÞş ²=ÒšÝЊ− Šš˝ ð½ž
Í× − ¹š ˝½š=Þ ˇ=šÐ³ ˙ł š½š= ˚ğ ²=ð ˇÐ=Š Ć− =³šÝЊ − Šš ˝ð½š²=³š=ð ˙¦š=
ˇ¹₣ š ˝−=bJ_ççâK
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?bJ_ççâ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÒšÝЊ− Šš˝ 𽞲?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÒšÝЊ− Šš˝ 𽞲N?=¸=?ÒšÝЊ− Šš˝ 𽞲O?K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
Ú ˇ = ˇ ¹ ₣š ˝ˇ =bJ_ççâ=ŠšÞ=ý× −¹ −Ć Þ=Þ ˇ =×¹ −ŁÝž¦ −ĆÞ=ş½ˇ Þ=
₣¹ž³Ðý −× −К ˝½ ˇÐ=ž=?Í −¼³Ðð¸?=¸=½ ˇ=?Ó ˇÐ ₣Þ˝ ŠÐˇ =C=„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²?K
≥
„˙ Þ=ˇ ¾ˇ й˚ ³š½š=½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇ =ýÞ¸ýž²=šÞć=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×− К˝ ½š=½−=
bJ_ççâI=¦ˇ =šý¾ˇ Þг½š˝=˚Þˇ =ý¸Þ¼ýˇ =š×ÐŁšŁˇ˝ ğ ³ž²=ðˇÐ=½−=
½žÝ˚¾ğ Þş =³ˇ ²=¦ˇ =š×г½¹˚Ğ šÐ=³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇ Þˇ ý−Þ¸²K
ı¹− Þş ýš½¹−
Í× −¹š ˝ ½š=Þ ˇ= ˇ ×−¦žðš 󚽚= ˚ğ²=ð ˇ Ð=Q= ₣¹ ş Þ − ¼²= łĆ ¹ − ¼=š˙Þ=
₣¹ž³Ðý −× −и³š½š=½ž=ݚн −¼¹ ł˝ˇ = ₣¹ −Þ −ý˚ ½¹ −¼K
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?ı¹− Þş ýš½¹− ?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =½žÞ=˚Þˇ ¹þžK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xi^mz=łÐˇ =Þˇ=Šš˝½š=½−=₣¹şÞ−=½−¼=łĆ¹−¼=×¹ÐÞ=
³½ˇýˇ ½¸³šÐ=½−=₣¹−Þş ýš½¹− K=fl×− ¦žðšĆ− Þ½ˇ Ð=−Ð=₣¹şÞ−Ð=½ğÞ=Q=
½šÝ𼽎˝ğ Þ=łĆ ¹ğÞK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =× ˇĆ³žK
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ˇ×− ¦žðšĆ ³š½š=½− =¹šðş ¹=šÞş ²=₣¹şÞ−¼=łĆ¹−¼=ðˇ Ð=
½ž=₣¹−Þ−ý˚ ½¹ž³ž=³½ˇ =Ó¹ş ½¼×ˇ =Ëš˝ ýšÞˇ =×Ð˚Ž− Þ½ˇ ²=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=
š×ÐÝ˚ł−Þ½ ˇ ²=?fl×− ¦K=³½ˇ=Ó¹ş½¼×K?K
ÍžŠšÞгýş ²=₣¹ş Þ− ¼
NK
Íš½˙ =½žÞ=׎à ³ž=½− ¼=₣¹−Þ−ý˚ ½¹− ¼I=×Ð˚³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„×ˇÞˇ¾− ¹˙ ?K
=Ej=TJSF
„¹łˇ³˝ š²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹸³š½š=½−=₣¹−Þ− ŠÐ˙ł¹ ˇ ýýˇ=ğ ²=
ðˇ ½ˇ₣𠹸³šÐ²=š¹łˇ³Ðć Þ=łÐˇ =ý˝ˇ =ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þž=žýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ =¸=㹎 K
‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ý˝ˇ ²=Î˚ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ ₣ć ¹ž³ž²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?„¹łˇ³˝ š²?
NK
OK
PK
QK
RK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
fl Ýݡ ł¸=½− ¼=Ú Ć×− ¼=½ − ¼= ◊₣− ¼=ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð −Ć =¸=½ − ¼= ˇ¹₣ š ˝− ¼=sáÇÉç=
`äáé
NK
OK
PK
QK
=Ej=TJTF
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ³¦K=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹K?K
„г˙ł š½š=½− =¦˚ýˇK
„г˙ł š½š=½žÞ=žýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ=ðˇ Ð=½žÞ=㹎 =½ž²=×¹−¦š³ý˝ˇ ²K
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=㹎 =¼×šÞ¦Ć ýгž²K
„˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?¿ÝÝš²?I=šÐ³˙ł š½š=½žÞ=ć ¹ˇ =ðˇ Ð=½žÞ=
žýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ =¼×šÞ¦Ć ýгž²=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½šK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=xfl×− ¦¸ðKzK
„ ˙Þ= − Ð=¹¼¦ý ˝³šÐ²=žýš¹ − ýžÞ ˝ˇ²=ð ˇÐ= 㹎²=ŠšÞ= ˚₣−¼Þ=šÐ³ ˇ ₣¦š ˝ =
ˇðş ýžI=¦ ˇ=šý¾ˇÞг½š ˝=ž= −¦ şÞž=šÐ³ ˇłğł¸²=žýš¹ −ýžÞ ˝ˇ²=ð ˇÐ=
ć ¹ˇ²=E³šÝK VMFK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=Î˚ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Û×šÞ¦Ć ýгž?K
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½K=ÚşÞ− ¼LsáÇÉç?K
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ K=ÚşÞ− ¼?=ðˇ Ð=ýš½˙=?Ó¹−¹¼¦ýгýK=◊₣−Ð?=¸=
?ÌÐ=◊₣− Ð=j− ¼?=¸=š×ÐÝ˚þš½š=?fl޽г½− ˝₣K=sáÇÉç? K
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=¸₣− =¸=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝ − =обЗЙз=Едбй=Ч−¼=¦˚ Ýš½šK
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=šÞş ²=¸₣− ¼I=Šš˝ ½š=
?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž=šÞş ²=◊₣− ¼=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝ Ў =UQK
fl½Ž ˚Þ½ ˇ=C=„¹ ł ˇÝš ˝ˇ TV
flÝÝ ˇł¸=½ž²=‚Ð ˙¹ðšÐˇ²=½− ¼=◊₣− ¼=ϼ×Þž½ž¹Ð−Ć =¸=½− ¼=sáÇÉç
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=Î˚ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÛךަĆýгž?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=₣¹− ÞÐð¸=ך¹˝−Š−K
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ łš½š=?¿ÝÝš²?I=ý×− ¹š ˝ ½š=Þˇ =šÐ³˙ łš½š=½− =₣ ¹ş Þ− =
×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½š=ýš=ŠĆ− =Ğ ž¾˝ˇ =₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− Ðć Þ½ˇ²=½−=
×Ýžð½¹−ÝşłÐ−K
fl Ýݡ ł¸=Óš¹Ðł ¹ˇ¾¸²
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=Î˚ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Óš¹Ðł¹ˇ ¾¸?K
OK
„г˙ł š½š=ý˝ˇ =³žýš˝ğ ³ž=łÐˇ =½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=š¹łˇ³˝ˇ ²K
Íš½ˇ ½¹− ׸=ˡ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž²=³š=fl׺ ¹¹ž½ž
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=Î˚ˇ ²=ˡ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž²I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ͼ³½Ððş ?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ý𽎠½¹˚ Ğ š½š=½ˇ=ŠšŠ−ý ˚Þˇ=³š=
ˇ ׺ ¹¹ž½ ˇ =¸=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?= łÐˇ=Þˇ =ýžÞ=½ ˇ=ˇ ÝÝ˙ þš½šK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =͡ ¹ð˙¹š½š=Í˝ˇ=ˡ½ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž=ğ²=ÌÝ−ðÝž¹ğý ˚Þž=¸=Íž=
ÌÝ− ðÝž¹ğý˚Þž
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?„¹łˇ³˝ š²?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ðˇ ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
PK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=×¹−Ł− ݸ²I=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
?÷Ýšł₣−²?K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½žÞ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³ž=ğ ²=ýž=−Ý− ðÝž¹ğý˚ ÞžI=
š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ïšýˇ ¹ð˙ ¹Ð³ýˇ ?K
fl×− ³½− ݸ=ý ˝ˇ²=Ë ˇ½ ˇ₣ć¹ž³ž²=„¹ ł ˇ³ ˝ˇ²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?„¹łˇ³˝ š²?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ˇ ¹₣ š˝− =×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =³½š˝ Ýš½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl×−³½−ݸ?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?˜²=͸޼ýˇ ?I=?Нš=_дмЙнззнЬ?=¸=?Нš=ЫЧ˚ ¹¼¦¹š²?K
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½ž=ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ=šÞ ş²=
ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²=Šš˝ ½š=½žÞ=šÞş ½ž½ˇ =?‚žýÐ−¼¹ł˝ˇ=Î˚ − ¼=
ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ QQK
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=½ž²=ˇ³Ć ¹ýˇ ½ž²=
ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ ²=
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=Û×˚ ¹¼¦¹ğ ÞI=
Šš˝ ½š=?Û×˚ ¹¼¦¹š²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ NMPK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
ˡ ½˙ =½ž=³Ć Žš¼þž=¦ˇ =₣ ¹šÐˇ ³½š˝ =Þˇ =šÐ³˙ł š½š=˚Þˇ Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş=ş½ˇ Þ=
³¼ÞŠ˚ š³½š=łÐˇ =׹㠽ž=¾−¹˙ =ýš=ý ˝ˇ =³¼³ðš¼¸=×− ¼=ŠÐˇ¦˚ ½šÐ=
ˇ ³Ć ¹ý ˇ ½ž=½š₣Þ− Ý−ł ˝ˇ =_дмЙнззнЬK
Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=½ž²=ˡ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž²=ÍÞ¸ýž²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?„¹łˇ³˝ š²?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ˡ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=Í Þ¸ýž²?K
‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=ˡ½ˇ₣𹸳šğÞ
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?„¹łˇ³˝ š²?=→=x„×Ð ÝKz=→=?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
?fl ¼½¸=ž=„¹łˇ ³˝ˇ ?W ‚Ðˇł ¹˙ ¾šÐ=½žÞ=š×ÐÝšł ý˚ Þž=
?ÌÐ=ÌÝ− ðÝK=„¹łˇ³˝ š²?W ‚Ðˇł¹ ˙ ¾šÐ=ş Ýš²=½Ð²=ýˇ ¹ðˇ ¹Ð³ý˚ Þš²=
?⁄ Ýš²=− Ð=„¹łˇ ³˝ š²?W ‚Ðˇł ¹˙ ¾šÐ=ş Ýš²=½Ð²=ðˇ ½ˇ₣𠹸³šÐ²K
_дмЙнззнЬ
I=Šš˝ ½š=?_дмЙнззнЬ?=³½ž=³šЭ˝Šˇ NMNK
ðˇ ½ˇ₣ć ¹ž³žK
ðˇ ½ˇ₣𠹸³šÐ²K
UM fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C= „ ¹łˇÝš˝ˇ
Óˇł ðş ³ýÐˇ =›¹ˇ
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=½ ž ²=‰ć Þž²=›¹ˇ²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Óˇłðş ³ýÐˇ =›¹ˇ?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„ךþKz=ðˇÐ=š×ÐÝ˚þ½š=?ÔƦýK=‰ćÞž²=›¹ ˇ²?K
Â=½¹ ˚₣− ¼³ ˇ =Ž ćÞž= 㹎 ²=š×гžý ˇ˝ Þš½ ˇ Ð=³½ −Þ=× ˇłð ş ³ýÐ −=
₣˙¹½ž=ýš=ý ˝ˇ=ð şððÐÞž= ł¹ˇ ýý¸K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=c=¸=d=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =ˇ ÝÝ˙ þš½š=½ž=Žć Þž=㹎 ²K
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=Ó¹−³ğ ×Ðð¸²=‰ć Þž²=›¹ˇ²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Óˇłðş ³ýÐˇ =›¹ˇ?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„ךþKz=ðˇÐ=š×ÐÝ˚þ½š=?ÔƦýK=‰ćÞž²=›¹ ˇ²?K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ô¼¦ýK=‰ć Þž²?K
PK
„г˙ł š½š=½−=şÞ−ýˇ =׺ݞ²=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½š=ðˇ Ð=½žÞ=㹎 K
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=Êš¹ÐÞ¸²=›¹ˇ²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Óˇłðş ³ýÐˇ =›¹ˇ?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„ךþKz=ðˇÐ=š×ÐÝ˚þ½š=?Êš¹ÐÞ¸=›¹ˇ?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
=Ej=TJUF
fl Þ½˝ ³½¹−¾ž=Í ˚ ½¹ž³ž
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?fl Þ½˝ ³½¹K=Íš½¹ž½K?
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½žÞ=㹎 =łÐˇ =½ž=ý˚ ½¹ž³žK
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½žÞ=㹎 =ˇ×ş =˚Þˇ=Šš ¼½š¹ şÝš×½−= ˚ğ²=
šþ¸Þ½ˇ =Ýš×½˙K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =½žÞ =˚Þˇ ¹þž=½ž² =ý˚½¹ž³ž²K
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= =łÐˇ =ס óžK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=×˙ ÝÐ= =łÐˇ =½ž=³¼Þ˚ ₣ šÐˇ =½ž²=ý˚ ½¹ž³ž²K
QK
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=½šÝšÐć ³šÐ=ž= ˇ Þ½ ˝ ³½¹ −¾ž=ý˚½¹ž³žI=×Ð˚ ³½š=xfl ð Ć ¹ğ ³žz=
ðˇ Ð=³½ž=³¼Þ˚₣šÐˇ=×Ð˚³½š= = łÐˇ =Þˇ =½ž Þ=þšðÐÞ¸³š½š=×˙ÝÐK
„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ=½− ¼=ı¹ş Þ− ¼=flÞ½˝³½¹−¾ž ²=Í˚½¹ž³ž²
NK
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=˚Þˇ ¹þž²=½ž²=ˇ Þ½˝ ³½¹− ¾ž²=ý˚ ½¹ž³ž²=×Ð˚ ³½š=
x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ?K
OK
Ú¹−×−×− и³½š=½žÞ=㹎 =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
=Ej=TJVF
fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹ł ˇ Ýš˝ˇ UN
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž=„þşŠğÞ
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ðˇ½ˇł¹ ˙Ğ š½š=ý˝ˇ =³žýš˝ğ ³ž=šþşŠğ Þ=ýš=
×¹− š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þš²=¸=š×šþš¹łˇ ³ý˚ Þš²=ðˇ ½žł− ¹˝ š²K
ˡ ½ˇł ¹ˇ¾¸=³½ž=Òžýš˝ğ³ž=„þşŠğÞ
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Òžýš˝ğ ³ž=„þşŠğ Þ?=→=?Ó¹− ³¦K=
Î˚− ¼=÷þ− Š− ¼?
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½ˇ=˚þ− Ў=₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×−ÐćÞ½ˇ²=½ˇ=ˇ¹Ð¦ýž½Ðð˙=
×Ý¸ð½¹ˇK
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=ðˇ ½žł− ¹˝ˇ=× − ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Â=³žýš˝ğ ³ž=šþşŠğ Þ=ðˇ½ˇ₣𠹚˝½ˇ ÐK
Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=Ò¼ÞşÝğÞ
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Òžýš˝ğ ³ž=„þşŠğ Þ?=→=?ÌÝÐðş?
Ò½žÞ=−¦ş Þž=šý¾ˇÞ˝Ž− Þ½ˇÐ=½ˇ=ðˇ½ˇ₣ğ¹žý ˚Þˇ=˚þ− ЎK
fl Ýݡ ł¸=Ó− ³−Ć
NK
Ò½ž=ł šÞÐð¸=×¹−Ł− ݸI=š×ÐÝ˚þ½š=½− =³½−Ð₣š˝ −=×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ÝÝ ˇł¸=Ó−³−Ć?K
PK
„г˙ł š½š=½− =×−³ş=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½š=₣ ¹ž³Ðý−×−ÐćÞ½ˇ²=½ˇ=
ˇ ¹Ð¦ýž½Ðð˙ =×Ý¸ð½¹ˇ K
‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=ˡ½ˇ₣ğ¹žý ˚Þ− ¼=Ò½− Ð₣ š˝− ¼=¸=⁄Ýğ Þ=½ğ Þ=Ò½− Ð₣ š˝ğÞ
NK
Ò½ž=ł šÞÐð¸=×¹−Ł− ݸI=š×ÐÝ˚þ½š=½− =³½−Ð₣š˝ −=×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ðˇł¹K=fl Þ½ÐðšÐýK?=¸=?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=
⁄ Ýğ Þ?K
=Ej=TJNMF
=Ej=TJNMJNF
=Ej=TJNMJOF
„ךþš¹łˇ³˝ˇ=½ − ¼=ÌÞşýˇ½− ²=ˡ ½žł− ¹˝ˇ ²
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?Òžýš˝ğ ³ž=„þşŠğ Þ?=→=?„ךþK=
ˡ ½žł− ¹˝ˇ ²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=şÞ−ýˇ =ðˇ½žł− ¹˝ˇ²=×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
OK
fl ÝÝ˙ þ½š=½−=ş Þ − ý ˇ K
‡− ¸¦šÐˇ =ڞݚ¾ć Þ− ¼
Í× −¹š ˝ ½š=Þ ˇ =×¹ −Ł˙ ÝÝš½š=½ž=Ý ˝ ³½ ˇ=Ł−¸¦šÐ ˇ ²=ð ˇ Ð=Þ ˇ =½ž=
₣¹ž³Ðý −× −и³š½š=ğ²= −Šž łş= łÐˇ =½Ð²=ݚн −¼¹ ł˝š²=½ −¼=½žÝš¾ ćÞ −¼K
?fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C=„¹łˇ Ýš˝ˇ ?=→=?‡− ¸¦šÐˇ =ڞݚ¾ćÞ− ¼?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=a=¸=bK
=Ej=TJNNF
=Ej=TJNMJPF
UO fl ½Ž˚ Þ½ˇ =C= „ ¹łˇÝš˝ˇ
„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²=pfj
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ˇÞˇ ½¹˚ þš½š=³½Ð²=×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²=×− ¼=ך¹Ð˚₣− Þ½ˇ Ð=
³½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇ =pfjLrpfjK=„×Ðð− ÐÞğ Þ¸³½š=ýš=½− =¾−¹˚ˇ =¼×ž¹š³Ðć Þ=
³ˇ ²=ł Ðˇ =ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹š²=×Ýž¹− ¾− ¹˝ š²K
=Ej=NNF
„¾ˇ ¹ý−ł˚ ²=pfj UP
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²
Ó¹−¾˝ Ý
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =ŠÐˇý− ¹¾ć ³š½š=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ½− ²I=
¸₣− ¼I=Šş Þž³ž²=ðˇÐ=¾ğ ½Ð³ý−Ć I=ˇÞ˙Ý−ł ˇ =ýš=½− =ך¹ÐŁ˙ ÝÝ− Þ=³½−=
− ×− ˝ − =Ł ¹˝ ³ðš³½šK
Û×˙¹₣− ¼Þ=S=×¹− ¾˝ ÝW=?ˡÞ− ÞÐðş ?I=?Ò¼Þ˙ Þ½ž³ž?I=
?‚¹ˇ ³½ž¹Ðş ½ž½ˇ ?I=?fl ¼½−ð˝ Þž½− ?I=?flð− ¼³½Ððş?=ðˇÐ=?ÒÐ ğמݺ?K
„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž=šÞş ²=Ó¹− ¾˝ Ý
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− =×¹−¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=−¹Ð³½š ˝ =ð˙×− Ð − =×¹ − ¾ ˝ ÝI=½ş½š=ž=ˇ Þ½ ˝ ³½ −Ð₣ ž= ˚ ÞŠšÐþž=× − ¼=
ך¹Ðł¹˙ ¾š½ˇ Ð=³½ž=³šÝ˝ Ў NTI=šý¾ˇÞ˝Žš½ˇÐ=³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=
ˇ Þˇ ý− Þ¸²K=
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
Ò½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇÞˇ ý− Þ¸²I=×Ð˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=×К³ý˚ Þ− =½− =
R
×¹−¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=šÞš¹ł− ×− и¦žðš=×Ð− =×¹ş ³¾ˇ ½ˇK
„×ˇÞˇ¾−¹˙ =Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šğ Þ=½ğ Þ=Ó¹− ¾˝Ý
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹− ¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=š×ˇÞˇ¾˚¹š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ô¼¦ýK=ğ ²=Ó¹− š×K?K
PK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =³¼³ð𼏲K
Ì=×¹− š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− ²=ðğ ŠÐðş ²=³¼³ð𼏲=š˝Þˇ Ð=?VVVV?K=·Ðˇ=
Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=ˇ Ýݡł ¸=½− ¼=ðğ ŠÐð−Ć =
³¼³ð𼏲I=Šš˝½š=?flÝݡł¸=½−¼=ËğŠÐð−Ć =Ò¼³ð𼏲?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ VUK
=Ej=NOF
=Ej=NOJNF
=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =ˇ ÝÝ˙ þš½š=ý𽎠þĆ =½− ¼=Ó¹− ¾˝ Ý=ÒÐğ מݺ =ðˇ Ð=½− ¼=
÷Þ½ˇ ³ž
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½š=½žÞ=˚ Þ½ˇ ³ž=łÐˇ =½Ð²=šÐ³š¹₣şýšÞš²=
¾ğ Þž½Ðð˚ ²=ðݸ³šÐ²I=½ˇ=ýžÞĆý ˇ½ˇ=pjpLjjpLbã~áä=ðˇ Ð=˙ ÝÝ− ¼²=
¸₣−¼²=E?·šÞÐð¸=˚Þ½ˇ³ž=¾ğÞ¸²?F=³š=˚Þˇ=ˇ×ş =½ˇ=˚þÐ=š×˝ ×šŠˇI=¸=Þˇ=
¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½š=ý˝ˇ =ˇ ¼þˇÞş ýšÞž=˚ Þ½ˇ ³ž=łÐˇ =şÝˇ =ˇ ¼½˙ =šð½ş ²=ˇ×ş =½ž=
?·šÞÐð¸=˚ Þ½ˇ ³ž=¾ğ Þ¸²?K
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹− ¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹− ³ˇ¹ýş ³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?÷Þ½ˇ ³ž?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·Ðˇ =šÐ³š¹₣ş ýšÞž=ðݸ³ž?I=?·Ðˇ =Î˚−=͸޼ýˇ?=¸=
?·šÞÐð¸=˚ Þ½ˇ ³ž=¾ğ Þ¸²?K
RK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=a=E¸=dF=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ˇ ¼þ¸³š½š=½žÞ=˚ Þ½ˇ ³ž=½− ¼=
ð− ¼Š− ¼ÞÐ−Ć =¸=×Ð˚ ³½š=
½− ¼=ð− ¼Š− ¼ÞÐ−Ć=ðˇ Ð=³½ž=³¼Þ˚₣šÐ ˇ=×Ð˚³½š= K
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?fl ¼þˇÞş ýšÞž=÷Þ½ˇ ³ž?I=×Ð˚ ³½š=a=E¸=dF=
³½− =š×˝ ךŠ− =RK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?ÒÐğ מݺ ?I= ×Ð˚ ³½š=
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
Í× − ¹š ˝½š=Þ ˇ=š×ÐÝ ˚þš½š=˚Þ ˇ = ˇ ׺ =½ ˇ =Š Ć−=š×˝×šŠ ˇ=¸=½žÞ=
ˇ¼þ ˇÞş ýšÞž=˚Þ½ˇ³žI=ş½ˇÞ=š×ÐÝ˚ ł š½š=½− =×¹−¾˝Ý=?ÒÐğ מݺ ?K
fl޽г½ − ˝₣ž³ž=šÞş ²=◊₣− ¼=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝³ýˇ½− ²
˜²=¸₣− =ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ½− ²=ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=˚Þˇ Þ=ˇ×ş =½− ¼²=
OU=¸₣− ¼²I=³½− ¼²=−×−˝ − ¼²=ך¹ÐݡýŁ ˙Þ− Þ½ˇ Ð=ðˇ Ð=R=ý−½˝ َ I=NP=
ž₣ ž½Ðð˙ =š¾¾˚ =ðˇ Ð=NM=ýšÝğ Š˝ š²K=Í×− ¹š˝ ½šI=š×˝ ³ž²=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚þš½š=
˚ Þˇ Þ=¸₣− = ˇ×ş =½ − ¼²= fl ×− ¦žðš¼ý ˚ Þ− ¼²= ◊₣−¼²=ğ ²=×¹− š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ − =
¸₣− =ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²I=šð½ş ²=ˇ ׺ =½− ¼²=¸₣−¼²=ýš=¾− ¹ý˙ =^jo=¸=
t^sbK
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
b
=E¸=cF=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ýšÐć ³š½š=½žÞ=˚ Þ½ˇ ³ž=
b
=E¸=cF=³½− =š×˝ ךŠ− =NK
UQ Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹−¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹−³ˇ¹ýş ³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ë− ¼ŠKLË− ¼ŠK=sáÇÉç ?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·Ðˇ =Ëݸ³ž=Ùğ Þ¸²?=¸=?·Ðˇ =Ëݸ³ž=sáÇÉç?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ K=ÚşÞ−¼?K
SK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ¹¼¦ýгýK=◊₣− Ð?=¸=?ÌÐ=◊₣− Ð=j− ¼?K
TK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− Þ=¸₣− =ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ½− ²=×− ¼=¦˚Ýš½š=Þˇ=
₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½šK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ=ˇð −Ć ³š½š=½− =Šš˝łýˇ I=×Ð˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=
?fl Þˇ ס ¹ˇłğł ¸?K
UK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž?=łÐˇ =½−=
?Ó¹− ¹¼¦ýгýK=◊₣− Ð?=¸=?„×ÐÝ−ł ¸?=łÐˇ =½−=?ÌÐ=◊₣− Ð=Í− ¼?K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
fl ðşýž=ðÐ= ˇ Þ=ŠÐ ˇ ł¹ ˙ Ğš½š= ˚ Þ ˇ Þ=¸₣−=ð −¼Š − ¼Þ ˝ ³ýˇ½−²=× −¼=
₣¹ž³Ðý −× −К ˝= ˚Þ ˇÞ=¸ ₣−=ˇ × ş=½ −=¾ ˙ðšÝ −= ◊₣−Ð=C=Ë −¼Š −¼Þ ˝³ýKI=
ž=¹Ć ¦ýгž=ס¹ˇý˚ ÞšÐ=ğ ²=˚₣ šÐ=ðˇ Ð=¦ˇ =ž₣š˝ =−=×¹−š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− ²=
¸₣− ²=ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²K=„˙ Þ=ŠÐˇł ¹˙Ğ š½š=˚ Þˇ Þ=¸₣− =
ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²=×− ¼=˚₣ šÐ=− ¹Ð³½š˝ =ł Ðˇ =½− =ð− ¼Š−ĆÞгýˇ I=¦ˇ=
šÞš¹ł− ×− О¦š˝=×˙ÝÐ=−=×¹−š×ÐÝšłý ˚Þ− ²=¸₣−²=
ð− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²K
fl޽г½ − ˝₣ž³ž=šÞ ş²= fl¹₣š˝− ¼=sáÇÉç= `äáé=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝³ýˇ½− ²
Í× − ¹š ˝½š=Þ ˇ=š×ÐÝ ˚þš½š= ˚Þ ˇ = ˇ ¹₣ š ˝ − =обЗЙз=Едбй= ˇ×ş =½ ˇ =
fl×− ¦žðš¼ý ˚Þ ˇ=sáÇÉç= ğ²=×¹ −š×ÐÝš łý ˚Þ− = ˇ¹₣ š ˝−=обЗЙз=Едбй=łÐˇ=
½ − =ð − ¼Š −Ć Þгý ˇK
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹−¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹−³ˇ¹ýş ³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ë− ¼ŠKLË− ¼ŠK=sáÇÉç ?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·Ðˇ =Ëݸ³ž=Ùğ Þ¸²?=¸=?·Ðˇ =Ëݸ³ž=sáÇÉç?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ K=sáÇÉç?K
SK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½−=ˇ ¹₣š˝− =обЗЙз=Едбй=р− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ½− ²=×− ¼=
¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =₣ ¹ž³Ðý− ×− и³š½šK
·Ðˇ =Þˇ =ð˙ Þš½š=×¹− š×гðş×ž³ž=ˇ ¼½−Ć =½− ¼=ˇ¹₣ š˝− ¼I=×Ð˚³½š=
x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?flÞˇ×ˇ¹ˇłğł ¸?K
TK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„×ÐÝ−ł ¸?K
„Њ−×−˝ ž³ž=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½−²
⁄ ½ ˇ Þ=Ý ˇ ýŁ ˙ Þš½š=ýžÞ Ćý ˇ ½ ˇ I=½ −=½žÝ ˚ ¾ğÞ ş=³ ˇ ²=¦ ˇ =³ ˙ ²=šÐŠ −× − К ˝ =
łÐˇ =½žÞ=˙ ¾Ðþ¸=½ −¼²=ýš=½ −Þ=¸₣−=¸=½ −=обЗЙз=р −¼Š −¼Þ ˝³ý ˇ½ −²=× −¼=
˚ ₣š½š= − ¹ ˝ ³šÐK
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹−¾˝Ý=×−¼=¦ ˚Ýš½š=Þˇ=×¹−³ ˇ¹ýş³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł¸?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ë− ¼ŠKLË− ¼ŠK=sáÇÉç?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·Ðˇ =Î˚− =͸޼ýˇ ?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ K=ÚşÞ− ¼?=¸=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ K=sáÇÉç?K
„ ˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ ˚ þš½š=? fl ޽г½ −˝ ₣ K=Ú şÞ −¼?I=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹ −¹¼¦ýгýK=
◊₣−Ð?=¸=?ÌÐ= ◊₣−Ð=Í −¼?K
SK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− Þ=¸₣− =¸=½− =обЗЙз=Едбй=р−¼Š−¼Þ˝³ýˇ½ −²=×−¼=
¦˚ Ýš½šK
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=šÞş ²=¸₣− ¼=¸=šÞş ²=
обЗЙз=р− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ½− ²I=Šš˝ ½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž=šÞş ²=◊₣− ¼=
Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ˝ ³ýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=³šÝ˝Šˇ UQ=¸=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž=šÞş ²=
fl ¹₣ š ˝ −¼=sáÇÉç=`äáé=Ë− ¼Š− ¼Þ ˝ ³ý ˇ½− ²?K
TK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl޽г½− ˝₣ž³ž?=łÐ ˇ=½−=
?Ó¹− ¹¼¦ýгýK=◊₣− Ð?=¸=?„×ÐÝ−ł ¸?K
UK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·Ðˇ =Î˚− =͸޼ýˇ ?=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ?K
VK
„г˙ł š½š=½ž=ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ² UR
Úş Þ− Ð=ÓÝžð½¹−Ý−ł˝ −¼
⁄½ ˇÞ= −Ð=½şÞ − Ð=×Ýžð½¹−Ý −ł˝− ¼=š˝Þ ˇÐ=šÞš¹ł− ×−Оý ˚Þ −ÐI=¦ ˇ=ˇð−Ć ½š=
˚Þ ˇÞ=¸₣− =š×Ð Łš Ł ˇ˝ğ³ž²=ð ˙¦š=¾ −¹ ˙=× −¼=¦ ˇ=×Ð ˚Žš½š= ˚Þ ˇ=
ˇ¹Ð¦ýž½Ðð ş=×ݸ𽹠−K
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹− ¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=×¹−³ˇ ¹ýş³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?◊₣− Ð=Ò¼³½¸ýˇ½−²?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÚşÞ− Ð=ÓÝžð½¹K?K
RK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =ý− ½˝Ł− =½ş Þ−¼=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
SK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?fl ޽г½−˝ ₣ ž³ž?K
Úş Þ− ²=Ó¹− šÐŠ− ×−˝ ž³ž²
Ú− =½žÝ˚ ¾ğ Þş =³ˇ ²=ס ¹˙ł šÐ=˚ Þˇ Þ=×¹− šÐŠ− ×− О½Ððş=½şÞ−=ş½ˇ Þ=
³žýšÐ𠦚˝=˚Þˇ =³¾˙ ÝýˇK
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹− ¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ=×¹−³ˇ ¹ýş³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?◊₣− Ð=Ò¼³½¸ýˇ½−²?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÚşÞ− ²=Ó¹− šÐ Š−×K?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÚşÞ− ²?=¸=?‚Ð˙¹ðšÐˇ ?K
·Ð ˇ =½ −Þ=?Ú şÞ − ²?=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=?Íž=šÞš¹ łş?I=?Ó¹ −¹¼¦ýгýK=
◊₣−Ð?=¸=?ÌÐ=◊₣−Ð=j −¼?K
·Ðˇ =½ž=?‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ?I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½−=₣¹şÞ− =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½š=ýš½ˇþĆ =
MIR=ðˇ Ð=O=Šš¼½š¹ş Ýš×½ˇK
◊₣−²=„Þš¹ ł−×−˝ ž³ž²Lfl ךޚ¹ ł−×−˝ ž³ž²
Ú− =½žÝ˚ ¾ğ Þ− =ý×− ¹š˝ =Þˇ =¹¼¦ýг½š˝ =Þˇ =ס ¹˙ł šÐ=˚ Þˇ Þ=¸₣− =ş ½ˇ Þ=
šÞš¹ł− ×− К˝ ½ˇ Ð=¸=ˇ ךޚ¹ł− ×− К˝ ½ˇ ÐK=Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =− ¹˝ ³š½š=½ž=
ŠÐ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =ðˇ Ð=½ž=ýšÝğŠ˝ˇ=½ − ¼=¸₣− ¼K
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹− ¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹− ³ˇ¹ýş ³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?◊₣− Ð=Ò¼³½¸ýˇ½− ²?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?◊₣− ²=„Þš¹ł− ×K?=¸=?◊₣− ²=fl ךޚ¹ł− ×K?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÍšÝğŠ˝ˇ ?=¸=?‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ?K
·Ð ˇ =½ž=?ÍšÝ ğŠ˝ˇ ?I=š×ÐÝ ˚ þ½š=?Íž=šÞš¹ łş?I=?Ó¹ − ¹¼¦ýгýK=
◊₣−Ð?=¸=?ÌÐ= ◊₣−Ð=j −¼?K
‚ş Þž³ž
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹− ¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹− ³ˇ¹ýş ³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚ş Þž³ž?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?I=?Ò¼ÞŠšŠK=ýš=◊₣− ?=¸=? Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
Ò¼ýŁ− ¼Ý¸
≥
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=š×ÐÝš₣¦š˝ =ž=š×ÐÝ −ł ¸=?Ò¼ÞŠšŠK=ýš= ◊₣− ?=³½ −=Ł ¸ý ˇ =QI=ž=
Šş Þž³ž=³¼ł₣ ¹− Þ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ýš=½žÞ=š×ÐÝšł ý˚ Þž=ýšÝğŠ˝ˇ K=
Óˇ ¹ˇ ðˇ Ý−Ć ýšI=Ý˙Ł š½š=¼×şĞž=ş ½Ð=ŠšÞ=¼×−³½ž¹˝Ž− ¼Þ=ş Ýš²=− Ð=
ýšÝğŠ˝ š²=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł¸=?Ò¼ÞŠšŠK=ýš=◊₣− ?K
≥
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ łš½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Ò¼ÞŠšŠK=ýš= ◊₣−?=³½− =Ł ¸ýˇ=QI=
šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=½− =? ?=³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ³ž=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²K
US Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²
Ùğ ²=³¼ýŁ˙Þ½−²
⁄½ ˇÞ=ž=ݚн −¼¹ ł ˝ˇ=¾ ğ½Ð³ý −Ć=š ˝Þ ˇÐ=šÞš¹ ł¸I=ž=ýÐð¹¸=ݼ₣Þ˝ˇ=
ˇÞ ˇŁ− ³Ł ¸ÞšÐ=ş ½ ˇÞ=½ −=½žÝ ˚¾ğ Þ− =Ý ˇýŁ ˙ÞšÐ=ý˝ˇ=šÐ³š¹₣ş ýšÞž=
ðݸ³ž=¸= ˚Þ ˇ =ý¸Þ¼ý ˇK
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ó¹−¾˝ Ý?
NK
͡ ¹ð˙ ¹š½š=½− =×¹−¾˝ Ý=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹−³ˇ¹ýş ³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ùğ ²=³¼ýŁ˙ Þ½− ²?K
QK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?·Ðˇ =Ëݸ³ž=Ùğ Þ¸²?I=?·Ðˇ=Ëݸ³ž=sáÇ Éç?=¸=?·Ðˇ =Î˚−=
͸޼ýˇ ?K
RK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?I=?Ò¼ÞŠšŠK=ýš=◊₣− ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=š×ÐÝš₣¦š ˝ =ž=š×ÐÝ−ł¸=?Ò¼ÞŠšŠK=ýš=◊₣− ?=³½− =Ł ¸ýˇ=RI=ž=
ýÐð¹¸=ݼ₣Þ˝ˇ =³¼ł₣¹−Þ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ýš=½žÞ=š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž=ýšÝğŠ˝ˇK=
Óˇ ¹ˇ ðˇ Ý−Ć ýšI=Ý˙Łš½š=¼×şĞž=ş½Ð=ŠšÞ=¼×−³½ž¹ ˝Ž−¼Þ=ş Ýš²=− Ð=
ýšÝğŠ˝ š²=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ−ł ¸=?Ò¼ÞŠšŠK=ýš=◊₣− ?K
Ùğ ²=ðˇ ½˙³½ˇ ³ž²
⁄½ ˇÞ=ž=ݚн −¼¹ ł ˝ˇ=¾ ğ½Ð³ý −Ć=š ˝Þ ˇÐ=šÞš¹ ł¸I=ž=ýÐð¹¸=ݼ₣Þ˝ˇ=
ˇÞ ˇŁ− ³Ł ¸ÞšÐ=ł Ð ˇ=Þ ˇ=³ ˇ²=šÞžýš¹ ćÞšÐ= ş½ ˇÞ= ˚₣š½š= ˇÞ ˇ× ˙Þ½ž½š²=
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NK
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OK
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PK
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QK
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RK
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NK
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OK
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PK
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QK
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ÔĆ ¦ýгž=½ž²=̦ş Þž²
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NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÌÐ=Ùğ½−ł ¹K=Í− ¼?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ =×−¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
PK
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Ò¼³½¸ýˇ½− ²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×Ц¼ýž½¸=³ðžÞ¸=łÐˇ =Þˇ =½−×− ¦š½¸³š½š=½ž=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ¾˝ˇ K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹−ðˇ ¦K=^åáã~íáçå?=š˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=
?„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ž³ž?=¸=?flךޚ¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž?=³½−=Ł ¸ýˇ =NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ò₣˚ ŠÐ− =N?I=?Ò₣˚ ŠÐ− =O?=¸=?Ò₣˚ ŠÐ− =P?=š˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=
?„гš¹₣ş ýšÞž?=¸=?ϼ×Þž½¸¹Ð?=³½−=Ł ¸ýˇ =NK
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=ˇ ׺=½−=¾˙ðšÝ −=ÌÐ=Ùğ½−ł ¹ˇ ¾˝ š²=Í−¼
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=̦şÞž²?= →=?·¹ˇ ¾Ðð˙=
Ò¼³½¸ýˇ½− ²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=š×Ц¼ýž½¸=³ðžÞ¸=łÐˇ =Þˇ =½−×− ¦š½¸³š½š=½ž=
¾ğ ½−ł ¹ˇ¾˝ˇ K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÌÐ=Ùğ½−ł ¹K=Í−¼?K
PK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
QK
Íš½˙ =½žÞ=šý¾˙ Þгž =½ž²=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ¾˝ˇ²=×Ð˚³½š= K
RK
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šþˇ н˝ˇ ²=½− ¼=½Ć×− ¼=½− ¼²=ðˇ Ð=½− ¼=½Ć×− ¼=ŠšŠ−ý˚ Þğ Þ=½− ¼²K
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„ ˙ Þ=ž=¾ ğ½ −ł¹ ˇ ¾ ˝ˇ = ˇ×ş=½ −=ýšÞ −Ć=?ÌÐ=Ù ğ½ −ł¹K=Í −¼?= ˚ ₣šÐ=¸Šž=
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ÔĆ ¦ýгž=Ó˙₣−¼²=·¹ˇ ýýˇ½− ³šÐ¹˙²
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NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Èš×½ş ?I=?ˡÞ−ÞÐðş?I=?÷Þ½−Þ−?=¸=?ÓÐ−=˚ Þ½−Þ− ?K
Â=šÐðşÞˇ =×¹− š×гðş מ³ž²=šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=³½− =š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ−=
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→
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NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„ךþK=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=ðˇ Ð=šÐ³˙ł š½š=½−=ý¸Þ¼ýˇ=E˚ğ²=
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?„Þš¹ł KLfl ךޚ¹ł K=?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=łÐˇ =Þˇ=šÞš¹ł− ×−и³š½š=½žÞ=šþ𠽚¹Ðð¸=¸ =
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UU Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²
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?Ùğ ½Ð³ýş ²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=㹎 =½š¹ýˇ ½Ð³ý−Ć =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Íž=šÞš¹łş?=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ˇ ךޚ¹ł−×− и³š½š=½− =
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ÔĆ ¦ýгž²= ½ž²=fl Þ½˝ ¦š³ž²=i`a
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?fl Þ½˝ ¦š³ž=i`a?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=a=EÙğ ½KF=¸=b=EÒð−Ć ¹− F=ł Ðˇ =šÞˇ Ýݡł¸=ýš½ˇþ Ć=V=
š×Ð×˚Šğ Þ=ðˇ¦ˇ¹ş ½ž½ˇ ²K
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=„Њ−×−˝ ž³ž²=„гš¹₣ş ýšÞğÞ
Ò½žÞ=šþ𠽚¹Ðð¸=−¦ş Þž=ý×− ¹š˝ =Þˇ =×¹−Ł Ýž¦š˝=− =ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş ²=½− ¼=
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NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
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Ì=¾ğ ½Ð³ýş ²=ˇ ךޚ¹ł− ×− К˝ ½ˇ Ð=š˙ Þ=ŠšÞ=×Ð˚ ³š½š=½− =
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„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ²=½− ¼=Ùğ ½Ð³ý−Ć
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NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=㹎 =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Íž=šÞš¹łş?=łÐˇ =Þˇ =½−=ˇ ךޚ¹ł−×−и³š½šK
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=½ž²=÷Þ½ˇ ³ž²=½− ¼=Ùğ ½Ð³ý−Ć
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?Ù𠽚ÐÞş ½ž½ˇ?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=a=EÙğ ½KF=ðˇ Ð=b=EÒð−Ć ¹− F=ł Ðˇ =šÞˇ Ýݡł¸=ýš½ˇþĆ =Q=
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OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=½ž²=Ó¹− ³½ˇ³˝ˇ ²=̦ş Þž²
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NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½žÞ=㹎 =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
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ˇ ׺ =½žÞ=š×ÐÝ −ł ¸=? fl×˙ Þ½K=ð˙ ¦š=Óݸð½K?FK
Âýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ =C=›¹ˇ
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₣ ¹šÐˇ³½š˝ =Þˇ =¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½š=½ž=³ğ ³½¸= 㹎 =ð ˇ Ð=žýš¹ − ýžÞ ˝ˇ K
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NK
„г˙ł š½š=½žÞ=žý˚¹ˇ I=½−=ý¸Þ ˇ =ðˇ Ð=½−=₣¹şÞ−=₣¹ž³Ðý−×−ÐćÞ½ˇ ²=
½ˇ =ˇ ¹Ð¦ýž½Ðð˙ =×Ý¸ð½¹ˇ K
OK
„г˙ł š½š=½žÞ=㹎 =₣¹ž ³Ðý−×−ÐćÞ½ˇ²=½ˇ=ˇ¹Ð¦ý ž½Ðð˙ =× Ý¸ð½¹ˇK
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šý¾ˇÞ˝Ž− Þ½ˇ Ð=ž=žýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ =ðˇ Ð=ž=㹎 =šþˇ ¹½˙½ˇ Ð=ˇ×ş =½ž=
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ÔĆ ¦ýгž=Êš¹ÐÞ¸²=›¹ˇ ²
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?ÂýLÞÐˇ =C=›¹ˇ ?=→=?Êš¹ÐÞ¸=›¹ˇ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=½ž²=‰ćÞž²=›¹ˇ²
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?ÂýLÞÐˇ =C=›¹ˇ ?=→=?ÔĆ ¦ýK=‰ć Þž²=›¹ˇ ²?
NK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=c=¸=d=ł Ðˇ =Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=½žÞ=׺ Ýž=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =
¹¼¦ý˝ ³š½šK
OK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
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=Ej=NOJQF
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Ó¹−³ˇ ¹ý−ł ¸=½ž²=‰ć Þž²=›¹ˇ²
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?ÂýLÞÐˇ =C=›¹ˇ ?=→=?ÔĆ ¦ýK=‰ć Þž²=›¹ˇ ²?=→=
→
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x„×ÐÝKz=
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½−=şÞ−ýˇ=½ž²=׺ݞ²K
OK
„г˙ł š½š=½ž=ŠÐˇ¾−¹˙ =Žğ Þć Þ=㹎 ²=₣¹ž³Ðý−×−ÐćÞ½ˇ²=½ˇ=
ˇ ¹Ð¦ýž½Ðð˙ =×Ý¸ð½¹ˇK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=a=¸=b=ł Ðˇ =šÞˇ Ýݡł ¸=ý𽎠þĆ =−=ðˇ Ð=+K
PK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=Âýš ¹−ýžÞ˝ˇ ²=C=›¹ˇ²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =šý¾ˇÞ˝ ³š½š=½− =žýš¹−ÝşłÐ− =¸=½žÞ=½¹˚₣− ¼³ˇ=
žýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ =¸Lðˇ Ð=½žÞ=㹎 =³½žÞ=ðˇ ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇ Þˇ ý− Þ¸²K
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=½ž²=„ý¾˙ Þгž²=½−¼=Ô−Ý−łÐ−Ć
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→
=?„ý¾˙ Þгž=Ô−Ý−łÐ−Ć?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=½Ć×− =¹−Ý−łÐ−Ć =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ ýš˝½š=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?=
ł Ðˇ =Þ ˇ = ˇ×šÞš¹ł− × − и³š½š=½žÞ= −¦ş Þž=½ − ¼=¹ −Ý−ł Ð−Ć K
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=½ž²=„ý¾˙ Þгž²=½−¼=Âýš¹−Ý−ł˝ −¼
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=? ýLÞÐˇ =C =› ¹ ˇ ?=→=?„ý¾˙ Þгž=žýš¹− ýK=C=㹎 ²?=
→
=?„ý¾˙ Þгž=žýš¹−Ý−ł˝ − ¼?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=½Ć×− =žýš¹−Ý−ł˝ − ¼=×− ¼=š×Ð ¦¼ýš˝ ½š=¸=?Íž =
šÞš¹łş ?=łÐˇ =Þˇ =ˇ×šÞš¹ł− ×− и³š½š=½žÞ=− ¦ş Þž=½− ¼=
žýš¹−Ý−ł˝ − ¼K
Óˇł ðş ³ý Ðˇ =›¹ˇ
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„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=½ž²=Í− ¹¾¸²=›¹ˇ²
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?ÂýLÞÐˇ =C=›¹ˇ ?=→=?Í− ¹¾¸=›¹ˇ ²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?OQ=ć ¹š²?=¸=?NO=ć ¹š²?K
„×ÐÝ−ł ¸=½ž²=Í− ¹¾¸²=Âýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ ²
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?ÂýLÞÐˇ =C=›¹ˇ ?=→=?Í− ¹¾¸=Âýš¹− ýžÞ˝ˇ ²?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ÂKjK„?I=?jJÂJ„?=¸=?„LjLÂ?K
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=Í−¹¾¸²=Âýš¹−Ý−ł˝ −¼
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?ÂýLÞÐˇ =C=›¹ˇ ?=→=?Í− ¹¾¸=Âýš¹−Ý−ł˝ − ¼?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?˼¹Ðˇ ð¸JÒ˙ŁŁ ˇ½− ?=¸=?‚š¼½˚¹ˇJ˼¹Ðˇð¸?K
ÔĆ ¦ýгž=·Ýć ³³ˇ ²
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ=ˇ ÝÝ˙ þš½š=½ž=łÝć ³³ˇ =×− ¼=šý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=³½−=
½žÝ˚¾ğ Þ− K
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?·Ýć ³³ˇ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=łÝć ³³ˇ =×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
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„˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?fl ¼½ş ýˇ ½− ?=³½− =Ł ¸ýˇ=NI=š×ÐÝ˚łš½ ˇÐ=ž=
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½− ¼=½žÝš¾ć Þ− ¼K
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fl ¼½¸=ž=¼×ž¹š³˝ˇ =ý×−¹š ˝ =Þˇ =₣ ¹ž³Ðý − × − О¦š ˝ =ł Ð ˇ =½žÞ=šð½¹− ׸=
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ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹š²=×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²K=
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„ð½¹−×˚ ²?=
?fl ¹Ð¦ý−˝ =fl LÚ?
NK
OK
Ó¹ş³Łˇ ³ž=³½− =Ë˚ Þ½¹− =ڞݚ¾ğÞž½¸K
NK
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„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝ ½šK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=ðˇ Ð=ð¹ˇ ½¸³½š=½−= G=³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ³ž=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²K
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„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž=Ûמ¹š³˝ˇ ²=ڞݚ¾ğÞž½¸
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NK
OK
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„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=ý˝ˇ =ˇ ׺ =½Ð²=ס¹ˇð˙½ğ=š×ÐÝ−ł˚²W
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ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
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ð− ¼Š−Ć Þгýˇ K
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ŠšÞ=ˇ×ˇ Þ½¸³š½š=šÞ½ş ²=šÞş ²=
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ş ½ˇ Þ=½ − =½žÝ˚¾ ğ Þş =³ˇ²= Ł ¹˝ ³ðš½ ˇ Ð=šð½ ş ²=
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ş ½ˇ Þ=š ˝ Þ ˇ Ð= ˇ ךޚ¹ ł− × − Оý˚Þ − K
„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž=Ûמ ¹š³˝ˇ ²=„ð½¹−×ćÞ
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?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ýK=Ëݸ³šğ Þ?=→=?ڞݚ¾ğ Þž½¸²=C=
„ð½¹−×˚ ²?=
NK
OK
PK
QK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
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„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž?=¸=?flÞ˙ =Ûמ¹š³˝ˇ ?K
„˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?fl Þ˙ =Ûמ¹š³˝ˇ ?I=ý×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=
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„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó˙ Þ½ˇ ?I=?⁄½ˇ Þ=š˝ÞˇÐ=ðˇ½K?I=?‚šÞ=flס Þ½˙?=¸=?„ð½ş²=
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„˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?‚šÞ=fl ס Þ½˙ ?I=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=₣ ¹−ÞÐð¸=ך¹˝ −Š−=
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„г˙ł š½š=˚ÞˇÞ=ˇ¹Ð¦ýş=½žÝš¾ćÞ−¼=×¹− ²=½− Þ=−×−˝ − =¦˚ Ýš½š= Þˇ=
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„ס¾ć Þ=E³šÝK PNFK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š= K
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VO Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²
÷Ýšł₣− ²=½ž²=ˡ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž²=„ð½¹−×ćÞ
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ýK=Ëݸ³šğ Þ?=→=?ڞݚ¾ğ Þž½¸²=C=
„ð½¹−×˚ ²?=
NK
fl ךޚ¹ł− × −˝ž³ž=„ð½¹ − ×ć ÞLÛמ¹š³˝ˇ ²=ÚžÝ š ¾ ğ Þž½¸
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ýK=Ëݸ³šğ Þ?=→=?ڞݚ¾ğ Þž½¸²=C=
„ð½¹−×˚ ²?= →=?fl ךޚ¹ł− ×−˝ ž³ž?
NK
fl ðĆ ¹ ğ ³ž=„ð½¹ − × ć Þ=ð ˇ Ð=Ûמ¹š³˝ˇ ²=ڞݚ¾ğÞž½¸
⁄ ½ˇ Þ=ˇ ÝÝ˙ þš½š=½Ð²=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²=šð½¹ − ׸²I=ý× − ¹š ˝ ½š=ýD= ˇ ¼½¸=½žÞ=
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?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ýK=Ëݸ³šğ Þ?=→=?ڞݚ¾ğ Þž½¸²=C=
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fl ¼½¸=ž=¼×ž¹š³˝ˇ =šÞŠ ˚₣ š½ ˇ Ð=Þ ˇ =ýžÞ=š ˝Þˇ Ð=ŠÐ ˇ¦˚ ³Ðýž=³š= ş Ý ˇ =½ ˇ =
Š˝ ð½¼ˇ = ðÐÞž½¸²=½žÝš¾ğ Þ˝ˇ ²K=·Ðˇ =ך¹ Ð ³³ş ½š¹š²=Ýš×½−ý˚¹šÐš²I=
š×Ðð− ÐÞğ Þ¸³½š=ýš=½− Þ=ס¹−₣ ˚ˇ=ŠÐð½Ć−¼K
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?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ýK=Ëݸ³šğ Þ?=→=?flÞˇý− Þ¸=Ëݸ³K?
NK
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„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?flðĆ ¹ğ ³ž=⁄Ýğ Þ?K
PK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =ŠÐð½Ć−¼K
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„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
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„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=˚Þˇ =ðšÞş =×šŠ˝−K
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„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş=×− ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
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„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ס ÝÐş =ðğ ŠÐðş =ŠÐð½Ć−¼K
OK
„г˙ł š½š=˚Þˇ =Þ˚− =ð ğŠÐðş =ŠÐð½Ć−¼K
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„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =mfkOK
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„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
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ٹ˝ ³ð𽎠Ð=ˇ × −¦žðš¼ý ˚Þž=³½−=½žÝ˚¾ğÞş=³ ˇ ²I=Ł˙Ž −Þ½ˇ ²=ýÐˇ=
ðݸ³ž=³š= ˇÞ ˇ ý−Þ¸K
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?Ô¼¦ýK=Ëݸ³ž²=sáÇÉç?=→=?Ùğ½−ł¹K=flÞˇý − Þ¸²?
NK
OK
fl ³¾˙ ÝšÐˇ
„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³žLfl ךޚ¹ł−×−˝ ž³ž=½− ¼=Ëğ ŠÐð−Ć=mfk
„˙ Þ=˚₣ š½š=šÞš¹ł−×− и³šÐ=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =ÔÁÎI=½− =½žÝ˚ ¾ğ Þ− =³ˇ ²=
Žž½˙ =Þˇ =½− Þ=šÐ³˙ł š½š=ð˙¦š=¾−¹ ˙=×−¼=½−=¦ ˚½š½š=³š=ݚн−¼¹ł ˝ˇK=
Ì=ðğ ŠÐðş ²=mfk=š˝Þˇ Ð=ðˇ½ˇ₣ğ ¹žý˚Þ− ²=³½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇ =pfjLrpfj=ðˇ Ð=
½− Þ=ýˇ ¦ˇ˝ Þš½š=ðˇ ½˙ =½žÞ=ˇ ׺ 𽞳ž=½ž²=ð˙ ¹½ˇ ²=³ˇ ²=pfjLrpfjK=
„×Ðð− ÐÞğ Þ¸³½š=ýš=½−=¾−¹˚ˇ =¼×ž¹š³ÐćÞ=³ˇ²= łÐˇ =ך¹Ð³³ş½š¹š²=
×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²K
?Ô¼¦ý ˝³šÐ²?=→=? fl³¾ ˙ݚРˇ?=→=?„г ˇłğł ¸=mfk?=→=?„Þš¹ ł KL
flךޚ¹ łK?
NK
OK
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
=Ej=NOJTJTF
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?Ó¹− ¹¼¦ýK=Ùğ½−ł ¹K?=¸=?ÌÐ=Ùğ½−ł ¹K=Í− ¼?K
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½ž=¾ğ½−ł¹ˇ ¾˝ˇ=× − ¼=š×Ц¼ýš˝½šK
=Ej=NOJUF
=Ej=NOJUJNF
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=łÐˇ =Þˇ =šÞš¹ł−×− и³š½š=½− Þ=ðğŠÐðş=mfk=¸=
?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?=łÐˇ=Þˇ=½−Þ= ˇ×šÞš¹ł− ×− и³š½šK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =ÔÁÎK
„˙ Þ=×Ýžð½¹− Ý−ł¸³š½š=½¹šÐ²=¾−¹˚ ²=ݡ Þ¦ˇ ³ý˚ Þ− =ðğ ŠÐðş =ÔÁÎ=
³½−=Ł ¸ýˇ =OI=ž=ð˙ ¹½ˇ =pfjLrpfj=ðݚЊć Þš½ˇ ÐK=„×Ðð− ÐÞğ Þ¸³½š=
ýš=½− Þ=ס¹−₣˚ˇ=¼×ž¹š³Ðć Þ=½ž²=ð˙ ¹½ˇ ²=pfjLrpfjI=łÐˇ =Þˇ =
þšðÝšÐŠć ³š½š=½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇK
flÝÝ ˇł¸=½ −¼=Ë ğŠÐð −Ć=mfk
fl ¼½ş=³ ˇ ²=š×н¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =ˇ ÝÝ˙ þš½š=½−Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =mfk=×− ¼= ˚ ₣šÐ=
ðˇ ½ˇ₣ğ ¹ž¦š˝ =³½žÞ=ð˙ ¹½ˇ =pfjLrpfjK=Ó¹ÐÞ=ˇ ÝÝ˙ þš½š=½−Þ=ðğŠÐðş=
mfkI=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=³½−=Ł ¸ýˇ =N=³½− =?„Þš¹ł− ×−˝ ž³žL
fl ךޚ¹ł− × − ˝ ž³ž=½−¼=Ëğ ŠÐð−Ć =mfk?K
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?fl ³¾˙ ÝšÐˇ ?=→=?„гˇłğł ¸=mfk?=→=?fl Ýݡł ¸=
mfk?
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =mfkK
OK
„г˙ł š½š=˚Þˇ =Þ˚− =ðğ ŠÐðş =ÔÁÎK
PK
„г˙ł š½š=×˙ ÝÐ=½− =Þ˚− =ðğ ŠÐðş =ÔÁÎK
fl Ýݡ ł¸=½− ¼=Ëğ ŠÐð−Ć =mfkO
Ì=ðğ ŠÐðş ²=mfkO=₣¹ž³Ðý−×−К˝½ˇÐ= łÐˇ =½žÞ=×¹− ³½ˇ³˝ˇ=
³¼ł ðšð¹Ðý˚Þğ Þ=ݚн−¼¹łÐćÞ=½−¼=½žÝš¾ćÞ−¼=ş×ğ²=×K₣K=š˝ÞˇÐ= −Ð=
fl ¹Ð¦ý− ˝ =Ò½ˇ ¦š¹ćÞ=Ëݸ³šğ Þ=¸=½−=ş ¹Ð − =ð ş ³½ − ¼²=ðݸ³š ğ ÞK=
Óˇ ¹ˇ ð˙ ½ğ I=ס ¹− ¼³Ð˙Žš½ˇÐ=−=½¹ş×−²=ˇÝݡ ł¸²=½−¼=ðğ ŠÐð−Ć =mfkOK
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?fl ³¾˙ ÝšÐˇ ?=→=?fl Ýݡł ¸=mfkO?
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =mfkOK
OK
„г˙ł š½š=˚Þˇ =Þ˚− =ðğ ŠÐðş =ÔÁÎOK
PK
„г˙ł š½š=×˙ ÝÐ=½− =Þ˚− =ðğ ŠÐðş =ÔÁÎOK
ËÝš˝Šğ ýˇ =Ò¼³ð𼏲
Ú − =ËÝš ˝Š ğ ý ˇ=Ò¼³ð𼏲=š ˝Þ ˇ Ð=ýÐ ˇ=×¹ ş ³¦š½ž=ݚн − ¼¹ ł ˝ˇ=
ˇ³¾ ˇÝš ˝ˇ²=× −¼= ˇ×− ½¹ ˚ךÐ=½ž=ýž=šþ −¼³Ð −Š −½žý ˚Þž= ₣¹¸³ž=½ −¼=
½žÝš¾ ćÞ − ¼=¸=³¼ ł ðšð¹Ðý ˚Þğ Þ=ݚн − ¼¹ ł Ð ć Þ=½ − ¼K
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?fl ³¾˙ ÝšÐˇ ?=→=?ËÝš˝Šğ ýˇ =Ò¼³ðK?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?K
OK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =³¼³ð𼏲K
=Ej=NOJUJOF
=Ej=NOJUJPF
Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ² VT
ËÝš˝Šğ ýˇ =ڞݚ¾ćÞ−¼
„Þš¹ł− ×− Ðć Þ½ˇ ²=ˇ ¼½¸=½ž=¹Ć ¦ýгžI=½− =½žÝ˚ ¾ğ Þş =³ˇ ²=¦ˇ =
ðÝšÐŠć ³šÐ=ˇ ¼½şýˇ ½ˇ =şÝš²=½Ð²=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ š²=ý˚₣ ¹Ð=Þˇ =šÐ³˙ł š½š=½−=
³ğ ³½ş =ðğ ŠÐðş =³¼³ð𼏲K
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?fl ³¾˙ ÝšÐˇ ?=→=?ËÝš˝Šğ ýˇ =ڞݚ¾ć ÞK?
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =³¼³ð𼏲K
Ì=×¹− š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− ²=ðğ ŠÐðş ²=³¼³ð𼏲=š˝Þˇ Ð=?VVVV?K=·Ðˇ=
Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=ˇ Ýݡł ¸=½− ¼=ðğ ŠÐð−Ć =
³¼³ð𼏲I=Šš˝½š=?flÝݡł¸=½−¼=ËğŠÐð−Ć =Ò¼³ð𼏲?K
flךޚ¹ł− ×− ˝ž³ž=ËݚЊćýˇ½ −²=ڞݚ¾ćÞ −¼
Â=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ËÝš˝Šğ ýˇ =„ס¾ć Þ=ˇ×− ½¹˚ ךÐ=½ž=ýž=
šþ− ¼³Ð−Š− ½žý˚ Þž=×¹ş³Łˇ ³ž=³½ž=È˝³½ˇ=„ס¾ć ÞK
ËÝš˝Šğ ýˇ =„ס¾ć Þ
Â=ݚн− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =ËÝš˝Šğ ýˇ =„ס¾ć Þ=ˇ×− ½¹˚ ךÐ=½ž=ýž=
šþ− ¼³Ð−Š− ½žý˚ Þž=×¹ş³Łˇ ³ž=³½Ð²=š×ˇ¾˚ ²=³ˇ ²K
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?fl ³¾˙ ÝšÐˇ ?=→=?ËÝš˝Šğ ýˇ =„ס¾ć Þ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=łÐˇ =ðÝš˝ Šğýˇ =¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?=łÐˇ =
þšðÝš˝Šğ ýˇK
OK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =³¼³ð𼏲K
„ý¾˙ Þгž=fl×−¹¹¸½ğÞ=Ò½−Ð₣ š˝ğ Þ
„Þš¹ ł− × − Ð ć Þ½ ˇ²= ˇ¼½¸=½žÞ=š×ÐÝ −ł ¸I=¦ ˇ=šý¾ ˇÞ ˝ Ž− Þ½ ˇ Ð=½ ˇ=
ˇ×ş ¹¹ž½ ˇ=ŠšŠ −ý ˚Þ ˇK
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?fl ³¾˙ ÝšÐˇ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„Þš¹łş ?=łÐˇ =šý¾˙ Þгž=¸=?Íž=šÞš¹łş ?=łÐˇ =
ˇ ׺ ð¹¼ Ğ žK
OK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =³¼³ð𼏲=š˙ Þ=š×ÐÝ˚ þš½š=?„Þš¹łş ?K
=Ej=NOJUJQF
=Ej=NOJUJRF
=Ej=NOJUJSF
=
→
=?„ý¾˙ ÞK=ͼ³½K=‚šŠ−ýK?
flÝÝ ˇł¸=½ −¼=Ë ğŠÐð−Ć=Ò¼³ð𼏲
Ì=×¹− š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− ²=ðğ ŠÐðş ²=³¼³ð𼏲=š˝Þˇ Ð=?VVVV?K
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?fl ³¾˙ ÝšÐˇ ?=→=?fl ÝÝK=Ëğ ŠK=Ò¼³ð𼏲?
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ס ÝÐş =ðğ ŠÐðş =³¼³ð𼏲K
OK
„г˙ł š½š=˚Þˇ =Þ˚−=ðğ ŠÐðş =³¼³ð𼏲K
PK
„г˙ł š½š=×˙ ÝÐ=˚Þˇ =Þ ˚−=ðğŠÐðş=³¼³ð𼏲K
„×ˇÞˇ¾− ¹˙ =Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šğÞ
„×ˇÞˇ¾−¹˙ =Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šğ Þ=ˇ ׺ =jN=˚ğ²=jNO
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?„×ˇÞˇ ¾K=Ô¼¦ýK?=→=?„×ˇÞˇ ¾K=Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šğ Þ?
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =³¼³ð𼏲K
Ì=×¹− š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− ²=ðğ ŠÐðş ²=³¼³ð𼏲=š˝Þˇ Ð=?VVVV?K=·Ðˇ=
Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=ˇ Ýݡł ¸=½− ¼=ðğ ŠÐð−Ć =
³¼³ð𼏲I=Šš˝½š=?flÝݡł¸=½−¼=ËğŠÐð−Ć =Ò¼³ð𼏲?K
Òžýš˝ğ ³ž
≥
‚šÞ=˚₣ šÐ=ł˝ ÞšÐ=š×ˇÞˇ¾− ¹˙=ş Ýğ Þ=½ğ Þ=¹¼¦ý˝ ³šğ ÞK
„× ˇÞ ˇ ¾−¹˙= ⁄Ý ğ Þ=½ ğÞ=Ô¼¦ý˝³š ğ Þ= ˇ×ş =½ − =jN= ˚ğ ²=½ −=jNO=ð ˇÐ=
⁄Ýğ Þ=½ğ Þ=‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł žý˚ÞğÞ=‚šŠ−ý˚ÞğÞ
?Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²?=→=?„×ˇÞˇ ¾K=Ô¼¦ýK?=→=?ÍžŠšÞгýş ²=⁄Ýğ Þ?
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =³¼³ð𼏲K
·Ðˇ =Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =³¼³ð𼏲I=Šš˝ ½š==
?fl Ýݡł ¸=½− ¼=Ëğ ŠÐð−Ć =Ò¼³ð𼏲?K
=Ej=NOJUJTF
=Ej=NOJVF
=Ej=NOJVJNF
=Ej=NOJVJOF
VU Ô¼¦ý˝ ³šÐ²
fl ¹₣ š ˝ −=Ëݸ³šğÞ
Ú− =½žÝ˚ ¾ğ Þ− =ðˇ ½ˇł ¹˙ ¾šÐ=½Ð²=½šÝ𼽎˝ š²=PM=ˇÞˇ×˙ Þ½ž½š²I=PM=
šÐ³š¹₣ş ýšÞš²=ðˇ Ð=PM=šþš¹₣ş ýšÞš²=ðݸ³šÐ²K
Ó¹−Ł− ݸ=½− ¼=fl¹₣ š˝− ¼=Ëݸ³šğÞ
?fl ¹₣ š˝− =ðݸ³šğ Þ?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?⁄ Ýš²=− Ð=Ëݸ³šÐ²?I=?ËÝž¦˚ Þ½š²=fl¹Ð¦ý−˝ ?I=
?fl Þˇ ×˙ Þ½K=Ëݸ³šÐ²?=¸ =?„гš¹₣ş ýšÞš²?K
„ý¾ˇÞ˝ Žš½ˇ Ð=ž=š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ =½− ¼=ˇ¹₣ š˝− ¼=ðݸ³šğ ÞK
·Ðˇ =šÞˇ Ýݡł ¸=ýš½ˇþĆ =½ğ Þ=ˇ¹₣ š˝ğÞI=×Ð ˚³½š=
OK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=×− ¼=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =×¹−Ł˙ Ýš½šK
„˙ Þ=¦˚ Ýš½š=Þˇ =ðˇ Ý˚ ³š½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýşI=×Ð˚ ³½š= K
Ò¼ýŁ−¼Ý¸
≥
Í×− ¹š˝ ½šI=š×˝ ³ž²I=Þˇ =š×ÐŁšŁˇ Ðć ³š½š=½ˇ =ˇ ¹₣š˝ˇ =ðݸ³šğÞ=
×Ð˚Ž− Þ½ˇ ²=
fl ×− ³½ − ݸ=ÍžÞ¼ý ˙ ½ğ Þ
NK
OK
‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=fl¹₣ š˝− ¼=Ëݸ³šğÞ
NK
D
Ò½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇ¹₣š˝ −¼=ðݸ³šğÞ=ýˇ¹ð˙¹š½š=½ −Þ=ˇ¹Ð¦ý ş=
½žÝš¾ćÞ− ¼=¸=½−=şÞ−ýˇ=³½−=−×− ˝−=¦ ˚Ýš½š=Þˇ =³½š˝Ýš½š=˚Þˇ=
ý¸Þ¼ýˇK
ÓÐ˚ ³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇ Ð=š×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?‚žýK=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?K
·Ðˇ =ך¹Ð³³ş ½š¹š²=×Ýž¹−¾−¹˝ š²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½ž=ŠžýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =
šÞş ²=ýžÞĆýˇ ½− ²I=Šš˝ ½š=?‚žýÐ− ¼¹ł˝ˇ =Î˚− ¼=ÍžÞĆýˇ ½− ²?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ QQK
Ò½ž=Ý˝ ³½ˇ=ˇ¹₣š˝ −¼=ðݸ³šğÞ=×Ð˚³½š=x„×ÐÝKz=ðˇÐ=š×ÐÝ˚þ½š=
?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸?=¸=?‚Ðˇł¹ ˇ ¾¸=⁄Ýğ Þ?K
=Ej=VF
=³½žÞ=ðˇ½˙ ³½ˇ ³ž=ˇÞˇý− Þ¸²K
c
=¸=dK
Íš½¹ž½˚ ²=Ëݸ³šğÞ
fl ¼½¸=ž=ݚн−¼¹ł ˝ˇ =³ˇ ²=š×н¹˚ ךÐ=Þˇ =šÝ˚ łþš½š=½ž=ŠÐ ˙ ¹ðšÐˇ =½ğÞ=
ðݸ³šć Þ=³ˇ ²K
÷Ýšł₣− ²=½ž²=‚Ð˙ ¹ðšÐˇ ²=½ž²=ښݚ¼½ˇ˝ˇ ²=Ëݸ³ž²=ðˇ Ð=⁄Ýğ Þ=½ğ Þ=
Ëݸ³šğÞ
?fl ¹₣ š˝− =ðݸ³šğ Þ?=→=?Íš½¹ž½˚ ²=Ëݸ³K?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?„гš¹₣ş ýšÞš²?=¸=?„þš¹₣ş ýšÞš²?K
ÍžŠšÞгýş²=Íš½¹ž½ć Þ=Ëݸ³šğÞ
?fl ¹₣ š˝− =ðݸ³šğ Þ?=→=?Íš½¹ž½˚ ²=Ëݸ³K?=→=?ÍžŠšÞгýK=
Íš½¹ž½ć Þ?
NK
„г˙ł š½š=½− Þ=ðğ ŠÐðş =³¼³ð𼏲K
Ì=×¹− š×ÐÝšłý˚ Þ− ²=ðğ ŠÐðş ²=³¼³ð𼏲=š˝Þˇ Ð=?VVVV?K=·Ðˇ=
Ýš×½−ý˚ ¹šÐš²=³₣ š½Ðð˙ =ýš=½žÞ=ˇ Ýݡł ¸=½− ¼=ðğ ŠÐð−Ć =
³¼³ð𼏲I=Šš˝ ½š=?fl Ýݡł ¸=½− ¼=Ëğ ŠÐð−Ć =Ò¼³ð𼏲?=³½ž=
³šÝ˝Šˇ VUK
Íš½¹ž½¸²=‚šŠ−ý˚ ÞğÞ
Í×− ¹š˝ ½š=Þˇ =š×ÐŁšŁˇÐ ć ³š½š=½− Þ=ˇ ¹Ð¦ýş =½ğ Ю=ДунЙл=łÐˇ =½ž=
ýš½˙Š− ³ž=Pd=ðˇ Ð=dpjK
?fl ¹₣ š˝− =ðݸ³šğ Þ?=→=?Íš½¹ž½¸²=‚šŠ− ýK?
NK
„×ÐÝ˚ þ½š=?ښݚ¼½K=‚šŠ−ý˚Þˇ?=¸=?⁄ݡ =½ˇ =‚šŠ −ýK?K
„×ˇÞˇ¾−¹˙ =ş Ýğ Þ=½ğ Þ=Íš½¹ž½ć Þ=‚šŠ−ý˚ Þğ Þ
?fl ¹₣ š˝− =ðݸ³šğ Þ?=→=?Íš½¹ž½¸²=‚šŠ− ýK?=→=?ÍžŠšÞгýK=
Íš½¹ž½¸?
=Ej=VJRF
=Ej=VJRJPF
=Ej=VJSF
=Ej=VJSJPF
fl ¹₣ š ˝ −=Ëݸ³šğ ÞV V