VERYFEW EXTERNALCOMPONENTS
NO BOUCHEROTCELLS
NO BOOSTRAPCAPACITORS
HIGHOUTPUT POWER
NO SWITCH ON/OFFNOISE
VERYLOW STAND-BYCURRENT
FIXED GAIN (20dBSTEREO)
PROGRAMMABLETURN-ON DELAY
CLIPPINGDETECTOR
Protections:
OUTPUTAC-DCSHORTCIRCUITTO
GROUNDAND TO SUPPLYVOLTAGE
VERYINDUCTIVE LOADS
LOUDSPEAKERPROTECTION
OVERRATINGCHIPTEMPERATURE
LOADDUMP VOLTAGE
FORTUITOUSOPEN GROUND
ESD
DESCRIPTION
The TDA7360 is a new technology class AB
Audio Power Amplifier in the Multiwatt
designed for car radio applications.
package
TDA7360
WITH CLIPPING DETECTOR
MULTIWATT11VMULTIWATT11H
ORDERING NUMBERS:
TDA7360TDA7360HS
Thanks to the fully complementaryPNP/NPN output configuration the high power performance of
the TDA7360 is obtained without bootstrap capacitors.
A delayed turn-on mute circuit eliminates audible
on/off noise, and a novel short circuit protection
system prevents spurious intervention with highly
inductiveloads.
The device provides a circuit for the detection of
clipping in the output stages. The output, an open
collector, is able to drive systems with automatic
volumecontrol.
APPLICATIONCIRCUIT (BRIDGE)
October 1998
This is advancedinformation on a new product now in developmentor undergoing evaluation. Details are subjectto change without notice.
1/22
TDA7360
PIN CONNECTION (Top view)
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
SymbolParameterTest ConditionsUnit
V
V
V
I
I
P
T
stg,TJ
Operating Supply Voltage18V
S
DC Supply Voltage28V
S
Peak Supply Voltage(for t = 50ms)50V
S
Output Peak Current (non rep. for t = 100µs)5A
o
Output Peak Current (rep. freq. > 10Hz)4A
o
Power Dissipationat T
tot
=85°C36W
case
Storage andJunction Temperature-40 to 150
THERMAL DATA
SymbolDescriptionValueUnit
R
th j-case
Thermal Resistance Junction-caseMax1.8°C/W
C
°
2/22
TDA7360
ELECTRICALCHARACTERISTICS
(Refer to the test circuits, T
=25°C, VS= 14.4V,f = 1KHz unless
amb
otherwise specified)
SymbolParameterTest ConditionMin.Typ.Max.Unit
V
S
I
d
A
SB
I
SB
I
CO
Supply Voltage Range818V
Total Quiescent Drain Currentstereo configuration120mA
Stand-by attenuation6080dB
Stand-by Current100
Clip DetectorAverage CurrentPin 2 pullup to5Vd = 1%
with 10KΩd=5%
70µA
130µA
STEREO
P
O
dDistortionP
SVRSupply Voltage RejectionR
CTCrosstalkf = 1KHz
R
I
G
V
G
V
E
IN
Output Power(each channel)d = 10%
R
= 1.6Ω
L
R
=2
Ω
L
R
= 3.2Ω
L
R
=4Ω
L
= 0.1 to 4W RL= 3.2Ω0.050.5%
O
= 10K
g
Ω
C3= 22µF
7
45
f = 100HzC3 = 100µF
12
11
8
6.5
62
45
f = 10KHz
55
Input Resistance50K
Voltage Gain20dB
Voltage Gain Match1dB
Input Noise Voltage22 Hz to 22KHz Rg = 50Ω
The device is organized with the gain resistorsdirectly connected to the signal ground pin i.e.without gain capacitors(fig. 23).
The non inverting inputsof the amplifiers are connected to the SVR pin by means of resistor dividers, equal to the feedback networks. This allows
the outputs to track the SVR pin which is sufficiently slow to avoid audible turn-on and turn-off
transients.
AMPLIFIERORGANIZATION
The TDA7360 has been developedtaking care of
the key conceptsof the modern power audio amplifier for car radio such as: space and costs saving dueto the minimized externalcount, excellent
electrical performances, flexibility in use, superior
reliability thanks to a built-in array of protections.
As a result the following performances has been
achieved:
NO NEED OF BOOTSTRAP CAPACITORS
EVEN AT THE HIGHEST OUTPUT POWER
LEVELS
ABSOLUTE STABILITY WITHOUT EXTERNAL COMPENSATION THANKS TO THE INNOVATIVE OUT STAGE CONFIGURATION,
ALSOALLOWINGINTERNALLYFIXED
CLOSED LOOP LOWER THAN COMPETITORS
LOW GAIN (20dB STEREO FIXED WITHOUT
ANY EXTERNAL COMPONENTS) IN ORDER
SVR
The voltage ripple on the outputs is equal to the
one on SVR pin: with appropriate selection of
, more than 60dB of ripple rejection can be
C
SVR
obtained.
DelayedTurn-on (muting)
The C
setsa signal turn-on delay too. A circuit
SVR
is included which mutes the device until the voltage on SVR pin reaches ~2.5V typ. (fig. 25). The
mute function is obtained by duplicating the input
differential pair (fig. 24): it canbe switched to the
signal source or to an internal mute input. This
feature is necessary to prevent transients at the
inputs reaching the loudspeaker(s) immediately
after power-on).
Fig. 25 represents the detailed turn-on transient
with reference to the stereo configuration.
At the power-on the output decoupling capacitors
are charged through an internal path but the device itself remains switched off (phase 1 of the
representeddiagram).
When the outputs reach the voltagelevel of about
1V (this means that there is no presenceof short
circuits) the device switches on, the SVR capacitor starts charging itself and the output tracks exactlythe SVRpin.
During this phase the device is muted until the
SVR reachesthe ”Play” threshold(~2.5V typ.),after thatthe music signal starts beingplayed.
9/22
TDA7360
Stereo/BridgeSwitching
There is alsono need for external componentsfor
changing from stereo to bridge configuration(figg.
23-26). A simpleshort circuit between two pinsallows phase reversal at one output, yet maintaining the quiescentoutput voltage.
Stand-by
The device is also equippedwith a stand-byfunc-
Figure 23:
BlockDiagram; Stereo Configuration
tion, so that a low current, and hence low cost
switch, can be used forturn on/off.
Stability
The device is provided with an internal compensation wich allows to reach low values of closed
loop gain.
In this way better performanceson S/N ratio and
SVRcan be obtained.
Figure 24:
10/22
MuteFunction Diagram
Figure 25: Turn-onDelay Circuit
TDA7360
11/22
TDA7360
Figure 26:
BlockDiagram; Bridge Configuration
CLIP DETECTOR
The TDA7360 is equipped with an internal circuit
able to detect the output stage saturation providing a proper current sinking into an open collector
Figure 27: DualChannel Distortion Detector
12/22
out. (pin2) when a certain distortion level is
reached at each output. This particular function
allows compression facility whenever the amplifier
is overdriven, so obtaining high quality sound at
all listeninglevels.
Figure 28:
Outputat Clipping DetectorPin vs.
Signal Distortion
TDA7360
Figure29:
ICV- PNP Gainvs. I
Figure30: ICV - PNPV
CE(sat
C
)vs. I
OUTPUTSTAGE
Poor current capability and low cutoff frequency
are well known limits of the standard lateral PNP.
Composite PNP-NPN power output stages have
been widely used, regardless theirhigh saturation
drop. This drop can be overcome only at the expense of external components,namely, the bootstrap capacitors. The availability of 4A isolated
collector PNP (ICV PNP) adds versatility to the
design. The performance of this component, in
terms of gain, V
and cut-off frequency, is
CEsat
shown in fig. 29, 30, 31 respectively. It is realized
in a new bipolar technology,characterizedby topbottom isolation techniques, allowing the implementation of low leakage diodes, too. It guarantees BV
> 20V and BV
CEO
> 50V both for
CBO
NPN and PNP transistors. Basically, the connection shown in fig. 32 has been chosen. First of all
because its voltage swing is rail-to-rail, limited
only by the VCEsat of the output transistors,
which are in the range of 0.3Ω each. Then, the
C
gain VOUT/VIN is greater than unity, approximately 1+R2/R1. (VCC/2 is fixed by an auxiliary
amplifier common to both channel). It is possible,
controlling the amount of this local feedback, to
force the loop gain (A * β) to less than unity at frequencies for which the phase shift is 180°. This
means that the output buffer is intrinsically stable
and not proneto oscillation.
Figure31: ICV - PNPcut-off frequencyvs. I
Figure 32: The New Output Stage
C
In contrast, with the circuit of fig. 33, the solution
adopted to reducethe gain at high frequencies is
the useof an external RCnetwork.
AMPLIFIER BLOCKDIAGRAM
The block diagram of each voltage amplifier is
shown in fig. 34. Regardless of production
spread,the current in each final stage is kept low,
with enough margin on theminimum,below which
cross-overdistortionwould appear.
13/22
TDA7360
Figure 33: AClassicalOutput Stage
Figure 34:
AmplifierBlock Diagram
BUILT-IN PROTECTIONSYSTEMS
Short CircuitProtection
The maximum current the device can deliver can
be calculatedby consideringthe voltage that may
be present at the terminalsof a car radio amplifier
and the minimumload impedance.
Apart from consideration concerning the area of
the power transistors it is not difficult to achieve
peak currentsof this magnitude(5 A peak).
However, it becomes more complicatedif AC and
DC short circuit protectionis also required.In particular, with a protection circuit which limits the
output current following the SOA curve of the output transistors it is possible that in some conditions (highly reactive loads, for example) the protection circuit may intervene during normal
operation. For this reason each amplifier has
been equipped with a protection circuit that intervenes whenthe output current exceeds 4A
Fig 35 shows the protection circuit for an NPN
power transistor (a symmetrical circuit applies to
PNP).The VBE of the power is monitored and
gives out a signal,availablethrough acascode.
This cascode is used to avoid the intervention of
the short circuit protectionwhen the saturation is
belowa given limit.
Thesignal setsa flip-flopwhich forcesthe amplifier
outputsintoa high impedancestate.
In case of DC short circuit when the short circuit
is removed the flip-flop is reset and restarts the
circuit (fig. 39). In case of AC short circuit or load
shorted in Bridge configuration,the device is continuously switched in ON/OFF conditions and the
currentis limited.
Figure35: Circuitryfor Short CircuitDetection
14/22
TDA7360
Load Dump VoltageSurge
The TDA 7360 has a circuit which enables it to
withstanda voltagepulsetrain onpin 9,of thetype
shownin fig.37.
If the supplyvoltage peaks tomore than 50V,then
an LC filter must be inserted between the supply
and pin 9, in orderto assurethat thepulsesatpin9
will be held withinthe limitsshown.
A suggestedLC networkis shownin fig.36.
With thisnetwork,a trainof pulseswith amplitudeup
to 120Vandwidthof 2ms canbe appliedat pointA.
Thistypeof protectionisONwhenthesupplyvoltage
(pulseor DC )exceeds18V. Forthisreasonthemaximumoperatingsupplyvoltageis18V.
Figure 36
Figure 37
ing winter if two batteries are series connected to
cranktheengine.
ThermalShut-down
The presence of a thermal limiting circuit offers
the followingadvantages:
1)an overloadon the output (even if it is permanent), or an excessive ambient temperature
can beeasily withstood.
2)theheatsinkcan have a smaller factorof safety
compared with that of a conventional circuit.
There is no device damage in the case of excessive junction temperature: all happens is
thatP
(andthereforeP
o
)and Idarereduced.
tot
The maximum allowable power dissipation depends upon the size of the external heatsink (i.e.
its thermal resistance); Fig. 38 shows the dissipable power as a functionof ambient temperature
for differentthermal resistance.
Figure 38: MaximumAllowable Power
Dissipationvs. AmbientTemperature
Polarity Inversion
High current(up to 10A)can be handledby the device with no damage for a longer period than the
blow-outtime of a quick2A fuse(normallyconnected
in series wi th the supply ) . This featuresis added to
avoiddestruction,if duringfittingto thecar, a mistake
on theconnectionofthesupplyis made.
Open Ground
When the radio is in the ON condition and the
ground is accidentally opened, a standard audio
amplifier will be damaged. On the TDA7360 protection diodesare includedto avoid any damage.
DC Voltage
The maximum operating DC voltage for the
TDA7360is 18V.
However the device can withstand a DC voltage
up to 28V with no damage. This could occur dur-
LoudspeakerProtection
The TDA7360 guarantees safe operations even
for the loudspeakerin case of accidental shortcircuit.
Whenevera singleOUT to GND, OUT to V
S
short
circuit occurs both the outputs are switched OFF
so limiting dangerous DC current flowing through
the loudspeaker.
Figure39:
RestartCircuit
15/22
TDA7360
APPLICATIONHINTS
This section explains briefly how to get the best
from the TDA7360 and presentssome application
circuits with suggestionsfor the valueof the components.These values can change dependingon
the characteristics that the designer of the car radio wants to obtain,or other parts of the car radio
that are connected to the audio block.
To optimize the performanceof the audio part it is
useful (or indispensable)to analyze also the parts
outside this block that can have an interconnection with the amplifier.
This method canprovide componentsand system
cost saving.
Reducing Turn On-Off Pop
The TDA7360 has been designed in a way that
the turn on(off) transients are controlled through
the charge(discharge)of the Csvrcapacitor.
As a result of it, the turn on(off) transient spectrum contents is limited only to the subsonic
range.The following section gives some brief
notes to get the best from this design feature(it
will refer mainly to the stereo application which
appears to be in most casesthe more criticalfrom
the pop viewpoint.The bridge connection in
fact,due to the common mode waveform at the
outputs,doesnot give popeffect).
Figure40:
a) C
b) C
=22µF
svr
=47µF
svr
TURN-ON
Fig 40 shows the output waveform (before and
after the ”A” weighting filter) compared to the
value of Csvr.
Better pop-on performance is obtained with
higher Csvr values (the recommended range is
from 22uFto 220uF).
The turn-on delay (during which the amplifieris in
mute condition) is a function essentially of : C
C
.
svr
out ,
Being:
T1 ≈ 120 • C
T2 ≈ 1200• C
out
svr
The turn-on delay is givenby:
T1+T2 STEREO
T2BRIDGE
The best performance is obtained by driving the
st-by pin with a ramp having a slope slower than
2V/ms
c) C
= 100 µF
svr
16/22
TDA7360
TURN-OFF
A turn-off pop can occur if the st-by pin goes low
with a short time constant (this can occur if other
car radio sections, preamplifiers,radio.. are supplied throughthe same st-by switch).
This pop is due to the fast switch-off of the internal currentgeneratorof theamplifier.
If the voltage present across the load becomes
rapidly zero (due to the fast switch off) a small
pop occurs,dependingalso on Cout,Rload.
The parameters that set the switch off time constant of the st-by pin are:
♦ the st-by capacitor(Cst-by)
♦ the SVR capacitor (Csvr)
♦ resistors connected from st-by pin to ground
(Rext)
The time constant is givenby :
T ≈Csvr• 2000 Ω// Rext+ Cst-by• 2500 Ω//Rext
The suggestedtime constantsare :
T > 120ms with C
T > 170ms with C
=1000µF,RL= 4ohm,stereo
out
=2200µF,RL= 4ohm,stereo
out
If Rext is too low the Csvr can become too high
and a different approach may be useful(see next
section).
Figg 41, 42 show some types of electronic
switches (µP compatible) suitable for supplying
the st-by pin (it is important that Qsw is able to
saturate withV
≤ 150mV).
CE
Also for turnoff popthe bridgeconfigurationis su-
Figure 41
perior,in particular the st-by pin cango low faster.
GLOBAL APPROACH TO SOLVING POP
PROBLEM BY USING THE MUTING/TURN ON
DELAYFUNCTION
In the real caseturn-on and turn-off pop problems
are generatednot only by the power amplifier,but
also (very often) by preamplifiers,tone controls,radios etc.and transmitted bythe power amplifierto
the loudspeaker.
A simple approachto solving theseproblems is to
use themute characteristicsof the TDA7360.
If the SVR pin is at a voltage below 1.5 V, the
mute attenuation (typ) is 30dB .The amplifier is in
play modewhen Vsvr overcomes3.5 V.
Withthe circuit of fig 43 we canmute the amplifier
for a time Ton after switch-on and for a time Toff
after switch-off.During this period thecircuitry that
precedes the power amplifier can produce spurious spikes that are not transmitted to the loudspeaker. This can give back a very simple design
of thiscircuitry fromthe pop pointof view.
A timing diagram of this circuit is illustratedin fig
44. Other advantagesof this circuit are:
- A reduced time constant allowance of stand-by
pin turn off.Consequentlyit is possible to drive all
the car-radiowith the signalthat drivesthis pin.
-A betterturn-off noise with signal on the output.
To drive two stereo amplifiers with this circuit it is
possible to use the circuit of fig 45.
Figure 42
17/22
TDA7360
Figure 43
Figure 44
18/22
TDA7360
Figure 45
BALANCED INPUTINBRIDGECONFIGURATION
A helpful characteristic of the TDA7360 is that,in
Figure 46
bridge configuration,a signal present on both the
input capacitors is amplified by the same amount
and it is present in phase at the outputs,so this
signal does not produce effects on the load.The
typical valueof CMRR is 46 dB.
Looking at fig 46, we can see that a noise signal
from the ground of the power amplifier to the
ground of the hypothetical preamplifier is amplified of a factor equal to the gain of the amplifier
(2 * Gv).
Using a configuration of fig. 47 the same ground
noise is present at the output multiplied by the
factor2 *Gv/200.
This means less distortion,less noise (e.g. motor
cassette noise ) and/or a simplification of the layout of PC board.
The only limitation of this balanced input is the
maximum amplitude of common mode signals
(few tens of millivolt) to avoid a loss of output
power due to the common mode signal on the
output, but in a large number of cases this signal
is withinthis range.
Information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, STMicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences
of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is
granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of STMicroelectronics. Specification mentioned in this publication are
subject to change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. STMicroelectronics products
are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without express written approval of STMicroelectronics.
The ST logois a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics
MULTIWATTis aRegistered Trademark of the STMicroelectronics
1998 STMicroelectronics – Printed in Italy– AllRights Reserved
STMicroelectronics GROUP OF COMPANIES
Australia - Brazil - Canada -China - France - Germany -Italy - Japan - Korea- Malaysia - Malta - Mexico - Morocco -The Netherlands -
Singapore - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland- Taiwan - Thailand - United Kingdom - U.S.A.
http://www.st.com
22/22
Loading...
+ hidden pages
You need points to download manuals.
1 point = 1 manual.
You can buy points or you can get point for every manual you upload.