The voice coil driver L6246 is a linear power amplifier designed to drive single phase bipolar DC
motors for hard disk drive applications. The device contains a selectable transconductanceloop,
which allows high precision for head positioning.
The power stage is composedof 2 power amplifiers, in AB class, with 4 DMOSs, with Rdson of
0.5Ω (Sink+Source)maximum, in a H-bridge con-
MULTIPOWER BCD TECHNOLOGY
PQFP44(10x10)
figuration. Drive voltage for the upper DMOS
FETs is provided by a charge pump circuit to ensure low Rdson.
Automaticbrake and parking of the head actuator
is performed by logic or when a failure condition
is detectedby power supply monitors.An external
resistor programs the parking voltage that enables the head retract. In addition, a 5V stable
output is provided for the external usage, and a
gate driver circuit enables an external power supply isolation N-MOSFET.
This device is built in BCD II technologyallowing
dense digital circuitry to be combined with high
power bipolar power devices and is assembled in
PQFP44.
February 1998
1/12
L6246
PIN CONNECTION (Top view)
BLOCK DIAGRAM
C1
C2
VCP
V
CC
+12
FILTER CAP
V
DD
+5
FILTER CAP
T_CAP
RPARK
ERR_OUT
V
CC/2
ERR-
+5V REF
+5V REF_GND
N.C.
FILTER_CAP
BRAKE DELAY
-THERMAL SD
SENSE-IN+
SENSE-IN-
GND
ERR-OUT
ERR-
SENSE-OUT
N.C.
CP_GNDGATE DRIVE
CHARGE
PUMP
GATE
DRIVER
+5
+
-
10K
REF1
-
10K
+
REF1
PARKING
ERROR
AMPL.
+
-
REF1
REF. VOLT.
GENERATOR
SENSE
V
CC/2
_IN+
GND
OUT-
VIN-
VIN+
-SPINDLE
START
10K
CC
V
C2
VCPC1VCCOUT+
171118 19 20 21 22
DDVCC
-AE_W_GATE
MOTOR START
MOTOR
START
V
-W_GATE
CC/2
V
30K
25K
+
GATE DRIVE
44 43 42 41394038 37 36 35 34
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12 13 14 15 16
VIN_OUT
4µA
-
20K
V
SENSE
AMPLIFIER
+
CC/2
VPARK
-
SENSE
_IN-
SENSE_
OUT
-POR
GND
CPGND
T_CAP
+5V REF
W_GATE
VBEMF
N.C.
33
ENABLE
32
31
-SPINDLE START
30
VCM PARK
29
-W_GATE
28
RPARK
27
VBEMF
26
+12SETPT
+5SETPT
25
24
+5V REF_GND
N.C.
23
D95IN241B
-AE
+
-
VCM
PARK
INPUT
AMPLIFIER
BRAKE
CIRCUIT
POWER AMPLIFIERS
VINVIN+
VIN_OUT
-POR
THERMAL-THERMAL SD
BRAKE DELAY
V
CC
+
-
OUT+
GND
V
CC
+
-
OUT-
GND
D95IN242B
2/12
L6246
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
SymbolParameterValueUnit
V
pow. max.
V
digital max.
V
in max.
V
in min.
I
peak
I
dc
P
tot
T
op
THERMAL DATA
SymbolParameterValueUnit
R
th j-case
R
th j-amb
R
th j-amb
(*) Standard boardconstruction: single layer (1S 0P); size 100mm long by 100mm wide.
(**) The board constructionincludes: a 6 layer board (2S 4P,with power planes ≅80%); size 136mm longby 99mm wide; package location
near middle pointof lenght and onethird of width.
Maximum supply voltage15V
Maximum supply voltage7V
Maximum input voltageV
±0.3V
digital
Minimum input voltageGND - 0.3V
Peak sink/source output current3A
DC sink/source output current1.7A
Maximum total power dissipation≅1.7W
Operative temperature range0 to 80°C
Thermal resistance junction to case≅20°C/W
Thermalresistancejunction toambientmountedon standard PCB(*)≅66°C/W
Thermal resistance junction to ambient mounted on PCB (**)≅35°C/W
PIN FUNCTIONS
PinNameDescription
1N.C.Not Connected.
2Filter_capFilter capacitor for 10V internal regulator. The capacitor is optional.
3Brake DelayVoice Coil Motor brake delay capacitor.
4-Thermal SDPre Thermal Shut Down indication Output.
5Sense_in+Non invertingInput of Sense Amplifier.
6Sense_in-Inverting Input of Sense Amplifier.
7GndGround.
8Err_outError Amplifier Output.
9Err-InvertingInput of Error Amplifier.
10Sense_outOutput of Sense Amplifier.
11N.C.Not Connected.
12Vin_outOutput of Input Amplifier.
13Vin-Inverting Input of Input Amplifier.
14Vin+Non invertingInput of Input Amplifier.
15+Vcc/2Half Supply Voltage reference.
16+Motor startMotor start Output to Spindle Controller.
17-AE_W_GateWrite Gate Output to AE.
18+Vdd+5V Supply.
19+Vcc+12V Supply.
20-PORPower On Reset. Low willsignal thefailureof thelogic supply or 12V supply
21+5V Ref+5V Reference Output from the Voltage Reference Regulator.
22T_capPower On Reset Timing Capacitor. The capacitor sets the POR delay.
23N.C.Not Connected.
24+5V Ref GndGround for VoltageReference Generator.
25+5Setpt+5V Monitor Set Point and filtering
3/12
L6246
PIN FUNCTIONS (continued)
PinNameDescription
26+12Setpt+12V Monitor Set Point and filtering
27VbemfInput BEMF from spindle motor for parking circuit.
28RparkResistor for setting the park voltage.
29-W_GateWrite Gate Input.
30+VCM parkExternal input for parking. High will activate the park procedure.
31-Spindle_startSpindle Start input.
32+EnableInput. logic low will disable only the IC.
33N.C.Not Connected.
34CpgndCharge Pump Ground.
35GndGround.
36Out+Power Amplifier Output.
37Vcc+12V Power Supply.
38C1Charge Pump Oscillator Output.
39C2Input for external Charge Pump Capacitor.
40VcpOutput for Charge Pump Storage Capacitor.
41Vcc+12V Power Supply.
42Out-Power Amplifier Output.
43GndGround.
44Gate DriveGate Drive for External Isolation N-MOSFETS.
VrefVoltage reference at Power On4.755.005.25V
DriftDrift from Power On-2+2%
lorefCurrent output10mA
INPUT AMPLIFIER
ViInput voltage rangeVref (-)Vref (+)V
VcmInput common mode voltage
range
VdsInput differentialvoltage swing-5+5V
VosInput offset voltage-5+5mV
IbInput Bias current-500+500nA
GvOpen Loop voltage Gain80dB
SROutput slew rate0.6V/µs
GBWGain bandwidth product1MHz
PSRRPower supply rejection ratio80dB
VoOutput voltage swing9V
ERROR AMPLIFIER
ViInput voltage rangeV
VosInput offset voltage-5+5mV
IbInput Bias current-500+500nA
GvOpen Loop voltage Gain80dB
SROutput slew rate0.6V/µs
GBWGain bandwidth product1MHz
PSRRPower supply rejection ratio80dB
VoOutput voltage swingV
SENSE AMPLIFIER
ViInput voltage rangeGndVccV
VosInput offset voltage-6+6mV
IiInput sink and source current-1.5+1.5mA
PSRRPower supply rejection ratio50dB
GvVloltage gain9.91010.1V/V
RinDifferential input resistance3KΩ
GBWGain bandwidth product1MHz
VliLinear differential input voltage
Gv = 10(V/V)-0.35+0.55V
range
CMRRCommon mode rejection ratio56dB
10K
05.00V
CC
-0.5
CC
-2Vbe
/2
/2
VCC/2
+0.5
VCC/2
+2Vbe
L6246
Ω
V
V
5/12
L6246
ELECTRICALCHARACTERISTICS (continued)
SymbolParameterTest ConditionMin.Typ.Max.Unit
POWER AMPLIFIER
RdsonDMOS on resistanceat 25°C0.3Ω
GdvDifferential voltage gain32V/V
IolOutput current leakage500µA
SROutput slew rate0.4V/µs
TsrSaturation recovery time5µs
GBWGain bandwidth product100KHz
RETRACT
VrMax. retract voltageVcc shorted to GND300mV
VrMax. retract voltageVcc Normal1V
CHARGE PUMP
CsStorage capacitor1µF
VsStorage voltageVcc +4V
CpPump capacitor0.2µF
RETRACT TRUTH TABLE
InputInputOutputOutput
-Retract+EnableBridge Enable+Retract
Brake and Retract0X01
Run1110
Disable1000
BLOCK DESCRIPTION
POWERAMPLIFIERS
The two power amplifiers are connected in bridge
configurationworking in AB class.
SENSEAMPLIFIER
The open loop gain and bandwith of this amplifier
are similar to the sense amplifier.
The negative input and the output of the error amplifier are accessible externally in order to have
the current loop compensationuser configurable.
The dynamic of the output is limited at +/- 2Vbe to
have a faster responseof the outputvoltage.
This stage senses the voltage drop across the
Rsense.
The input stage is supplied by the charge pump
voltage to have an high dynamic, while the other
sections of the amplifier are supplied by the voltage of 10.5V internally regulated to have an high
power supply rejection (this voltage,suppliesalso
the error amplifier, the input amplifier and the operational amplifier which generatesthe Vcc/2 volt-
INPUTAMPLIFIER
The inputs and the output pins are externally ac-
cessible to have the possibility to configure the
transconductance gain of the current control loop
selectingthe voltagegain of this amplifier.
The open loop gain and bandwith of this amplifier
are similar to the sense amplifier.
age).
The open loop gain is around 80dB and the bandwith is more than 1MHz.
The voltage gain is fixedinternallyat 10 V/V.
ERRORAMPLIFIER
This is the stage which compares the input volt-
age and the sense voltage, generatingthe control
voltage for the power section.
REFERENCE VOLTAGEGENERATOR
This block generates the two reference voltage
Vcc/2 and +5VREF.
The Vcc/2 voltage is used as reference by the
currentcontrolloop.
The +5VREF is a very stable voltage generator
that can be used as reference voltage of an exter-
nal DAC.
6/12
L6246
POWERSUPPLYMONITOR
This circuit monitors the logic supply (5V) and the
power supply (12V) and activates the power on
reset output (POR) and the VCM PARK circuit.
After both logic and power supply reach their
nominal value a timing capacitor (T_CAP) has to
be charge before the POR output change from
low to high level.
POR delay=
where:
C ⋅ V
I
C is the capacitor value connected at pin
T_CAP
V is delta voltage that capacitor have to be
charged(2.3V)
I is the costant current charging the capacitor
(4µA typ.)
At the two input pins, +12 FILTER CAP and + 5
FILTER CAP, can be connected two capacitors
for filtering the noise on the power supply, avoiding in this case undesired commutations of the
POR signal becauseof some fast negative spikes
on theline.
BRAKEAND PARKINGCIRCUITS
The voice coil driver is switched into the parking
condition through the VCM PARK input or when
the POR signal is low. In such condition immediately the output stage turns on the two lower
DMOS of the power bridge to activatethe BRAKE
of the voice coil motor.
After a delay generated by the capacitor at the
BRAKE DELAY pin, only one of the two lower
DMOS stays on while the opposite half bridge is
tristated.
BRAKEdelay=
where:
C ⋅ V
I
C is the capacitor value connected at pin
BRAKEDELAY
V is delta voltage that capacitor have to be
charged(3V)
I is the costant current charging the capacitor
(5µA typ.)
The parking voltage is then supplied by the
PARKINGcircuit connected to the output that has
been tristated.
The value of such a voltage is set by connecting
an external resistor between the RPARK pin and
ground.
Vbandgap⋅
=
V
r
Rpark
10
4
where:
Vr is the retract voltagefor parkingthe heads
Vbandgap is the internal bandgap reference
voltageof 1.4V
Rpark is value of the resistor connected at
RPARKpin
The parking circuit takes the power supply from
the spindle driver through the VBEMF pin, so that
in case of power fail the retract of the heads is
possible using the rectified BEMF voltage coming
from the spindle motor.
CHARGEPUMP
The charge pump circuit is usedas a means of al-
most doubling the power supply voltage (12V) in
order to drive the upper DMOS of the power
bridge.
The energy stored in the in the capacitor connected at VCP pin is also used to drive the gate
of the externalN-MOSFET.
GATE DRIVER
This circuit provide the voltage driving the gate of
the external isolation N-MOSFET, and it is controlledby thePOR signal.
THERMAL
The thermal protection circuit has two threshold,
the first if the pre shut down alarm that activates
the THERMAL SD signal and the second is the
shut down temperature that tristates the output
stage when the junction temperature increases
over thislevel.
APPLICATIONINFORMATION
Example of calculation of the error amplifier compansation for the stability of the current control
loop. As can be seen from the draw of the current
control loop circuit of the next page, the voltage
across the load is:
#1
CPW ⋅ACERR ⋅(ACINP ⋅
=A
V
L
V
=Rs⋅I
sense
L
VL=(ZL+ Rs)⋅ I
L
CENSE ⋅
-A
V
IN
V
sense
where AC... is the closed loop gain of Power, Error, Sense and Input Amplifier.
Changing in the #1 the transfer function between
the load currentand the V
is:
IN
#2
I
L
V
IN
=
ZL+ RS+ A
A
CPW
CPW
⋅
A
⋅ A
CERR
CERR
⋅
A
⋅ A
CINP
CSENSE
⋅ R
S
)
7/12
L6246
TypicalApplicationCircuit
V
CTL
V
REF
V
CC/2
10.5V
INT.REG.
1K
10K
10K
10K
10K
AE WGATE
MOTOR START
THERMAL SHTD
POR
(*)
Rs 0.2
OUT_SENSE_IN- SENSE_IN+OUT+
SENSE_OUT
ERR_OUT
1M1K
VIN_OUT
FILTER_CAP
42 6536
10
8
1K
100nF
9
ERR-
12
VIN-
13
VIN+
14
V
CC/2
15
CPGND
34
GND
7,35,43
17
16
4
2032ENABLE
2
FILTER CAPACITORS TO BESET IN APPLICATION
VOICE COIL
MOTOR
LLRL
L6246
PQFP44
V
DD
100nF
10nF
V
18
DD
C1C2
3839
V
CC
19
V
CC
41
V
CC
37
44
27
40
28
21
24
26
25
22
3
30VCM PARK
31SPINDLE START
29W GATE
GATE DRV
V
BEMF
V
CP
R
PARK
5V
REF
5V
GND
REF
12S
EPT
5S
SEPT
12S
EPT
5S
SEPT
D95IN268
22µF100nF
1µF
51K
1µF
1µF
V
CC
S
P322
G
D
FROM
100nF
5V
REF
(*)
(*)
GND
SPINDLE
DRIVER
Current Control Loop Circuit
V
+ 10V
CC/2
SENSE
20K
V
2K
SENSE
2K
RB
VIN
RB
20K
RA
-
+
SENSE
AMPL.
V
CC/2
RA
-
+
INPUT
AMPL.
V
V
CC/2
- (RA-RB) VIN
CC/2
V
+ (RA/RB)(ZC/RC) VIN-10 (ZC/R1) V
CC/2
ERROR
AMPL.
V
CC/2
+
-
R1
R2
C
R3
1.1K
V
RC (=R1)
VL=32 ( (ZC/RC) VIN - 10 (ZC/R1) V
=A
D95IN269B
SENSE
TO
SENSE
Z
CC/2
AMPLIFIER
17.5K
C
+
-+
POWER
AMPL.
+-
LL
R
S
LOAD
VL
)
SENSE
RL
POWER
AMPL.
CPW*ACERR(ACIMP * VIN-ACSENSE*VSENSE
16.5K
)
-
+
1.1K
V
CC/2
8/12
L6246
If Now We Define:
#3
Aloop = A
CPW
⋅ A
CERR
⋅ A
CSENSE
⋅
RS+ Z
R
S
L
we obtain:
#4
Aloop⋅
I
L
=
V
IN
A
CINP
A
CSENSE
1+ Aloo p
1
⋅
R
S
Atlowfrequencyis:
Aloop = 32 ⋅
if R2 = 1M, R1 = 1K, R
R2
⋅ 10 ⋅
R1
S
=0.2, RL=7
(R
R
S
S
+ ZL)
then Aloop = 8889 = 80dB.
Being Aloop very high we can simplify the #4 in
this way:
I
A
L
V
IN
=
CINP
A
CSENSE
1
⋅
R
S
=
1
10 ⋅
0.2
1
=
2
and its pole is at frequency
1
2π L
(RS+ R
so around 1KHz if L = 1.2mH.
So considering:
Ax |
dB
= Aloop |dBA
dB
+ACSENSE |dB+
CERR
R
S
RS+ R
|dBA
dB
L
CPW
|
we have these Bode diagrams:
ACPW
30dB130KHz
ACSENSE
20dB
)
L
210KHz
For the stability we have to study the stability of
Aloop, that as we can see from the #3 is a multiplication,so in dB is a sum:
Aloop |
+
dB
R
=ACPW |dB+ACERR |dB+ACSENSE |
dB
R
S
dB
+
Z
S
L
So we can take in consideration the BODE diagrams of the each operational amplifier, with particular attentionto the Error amplifier.
1)The Power amplifier is actually composed by
two operational amplifiers in the way to have
a gain of +16 and -16 (in voltage) respectevely,for a totalof 32 = 30dB.
The point at -3dB is around 130KHz.
2)The Sense amplifier has a gain of 20dB with
the point at -3dB around 210KHz.
3)The load introduce an attenuationof:
R
S
20log
RS+ R
= -31dBwith RS = 0.2 and RL =7
L
-31dB
LOAD
AX
19dB
1K10K100K
D95IN270A
As can be easily see the bandwith is narrow and
the gain is low. It is possible to increase both
choosing an appropriatecompensation of the Error amplifier.
The total bandwith should be, of course, at least a
decade lower of the 130KHz to avoid instability
problem. The bandwith guaranteed by the Error
amplifier has a Gmax of 80dB and a gain of 0dB
at 1MHz approximately, the real is some dB more
with a largerbandwith.
9/12
L6246
ERROR AMPL.
120
100
80
60
40
20
D95IN271
Using the compensation network of the draw of
pag.8, we have a error amplifier transfer function
of:
GAIN
(dB)
OPEN LOOP GAIN
1101001M10M
1K10K 100K
As can be seen the choice of the pole influence
overall in fixing the gain at high frequency.
The gain at high frequency must be choosen in
order to not create instability problem, because
more higher is this gain and lower is the second
pole that we have at high frequency.
If this pole is taken close to the other that we
have already seen at 130KHz and 210KHz, instabilityproblemscan arise.
Adding together AX |
dB
and A
CERR|dB
we ob-
taine the Aloop:
ACERR
(dB)
COMPENSATION AT 3Hz
60
40
20
AX(dB)
COMPENSATION AT 100Hz
V
V
so:
Gmax (DC) =
ZC
O
=−
R1
I
R2
R1
R2
=−
R1
= 1000= 60dB
with R1 = 1MΩand R2 = 1K
zero =
pole =
Note: Fpole is lower thanFzero
1
2 π R3C
1
2 π(R3 + R2) C
1+scR3
⋅
1 + sc (R3 + R2)
Ω
The best choice is to cancel the pole of the load
(at around 1KHz) with the zero of the compensation.
ACERR (dB)
120
100
80
60
40
20
D95IN272
X
CLOSED
LOOP
ACERR
1101001M 10M
1K10K 100K
X
X
DIFFERENTS
POLES
EXAMPLES
19
A
(dB)
LOOP
79
60
40
20
D95IN273
101001K10K 100K 1M10M
IS STABLE
IS NOT STABLE
So the choice of the compensation network must
be done in order to fix at thebeginning the Gmax
of the error amplifier dependingon the ratio
R2
R1
.
To calculate the R3 and C values satisfying the
followingsystem:
2 π R3C
1
=
R
2 π L
+ R
L
1
sense
Erroramplifierzeroequal to load pole
1
2 π(R3 + R2)C
AdmissibleBandwith
=
Gloop
=
130KHz
10
=
8912
=
1.5Hz
This example is for crossing the 0dB one decade
before the first pole of the Power Amplifier
(130KHz),startingwitha Gloop max of 79dB.
Information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics assumes no responsibility for the
consequences of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No
license is granted by implicationor otherwise under any patentor patent rights of SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics. Specificationmentioned
in this publication are subject to change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. SGSTHOMSON Microelectronics products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without express
written approval ofSGS-THOMSON Microelectronics.
1998 SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics – Printed in Italy– All Rights Reserved
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