(TOTALR
NOHALLSENSORSREQUIRED
DIGITALBEMFPROCESSING
LINEAROR PWM CONTROL
STANDALONE OR EXT. DRIVER
SHOOT-THROUGHPROTECTION
THERMALSHUTDOWN
dson
0.52Ω)
L6238S
PRODUCT PREVIEW
PLCC44
PQFP44
DESCRIPTION
The L6238S is a Three-Phase, D.C. Brushless
Spindle MotorDriver system. This device features
boththe Powerand SequenceSections.
Higher Power Applications can be activied with
the additionof an external Linear Driver,or by operatingthe InternalDrivers in PWM.
Motor Start-Up, without the use of Hall Sensors,
can be achieved either by an internal start-up algorithm or by manually sequencing the Output
Drivers, using a variety of User-Defined Start-UP
Algorithms.
BLOCKDIAGRAM
VANALOG
SYS CLOCK
SEQ INCR
MONO/SEQ
CTRL
TDLY(0)
TDLY(1)
TDLY(2)
MASK DLY
VL
BIAS
SYSTEM
CLOCK
DIGITAL
DELAY
FALIGN
MONO
DET
OUTPUT
ENABLE
ALIGN + GO
START-UP
RUN/
BRAKE
SEQUENCER
ZERO
CROSSING
DETECTOR
TQFP64
ORDERING NUMBERS: L6238S (PLCC44)
L6238SQA (PQFP44)
L6238SQT (TQFP64)
Protection features include Stuck Rotor\Backward
Rotation Detection and Automatic Thermal Shutdown.
PWM
PWM
LIN
BEMF
SENSE
PWM
COMP
+
+
+
-
TIM
CHARGE
POWER
STAGE
PUMP
CPUMP1
CPUMP2
CPUMP3
VPOWER
BRAKE
DELAY
OUT A
OUT B
OUT C
CTR TAP
PWM/
SLEW
ONE-SHOT
SLEW-CTRL
RSENSE1
RSENSE2
GND
CSA INPUT
1/31
OT-WARN
October 1995
SPIN
SENSE
TOGGLE
THERMAL
SHUTDOWM
DIVIDE
BY N
FMTRSEL POL
VCTRL
+
-
DRV
CNTL
GATE DRIVEGM COMP
AV=4V/V
CSA
D95IN232
This isadvanced information on a new product now in development or undergoing evaluation. Details are subject to changewithout notice.
L6238S
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
SymbolParameterValueUnit
BV
dss
V
Power
V
Logic
V
Analog
V
in
C
storage
I
mdc
I
mpk
P
tot
TsStorage and Junction Temperature-40 to 150°C
THERMALDATA
SymbolParameterPLCC44PQFP44TQFP64Unit
R
th (j-amb)
Those Thermal Data arevalid if the package is mounted on Mlayer board in stillair
Output Brakdown Voltage17V
Motor Supply Voltage15V
Logic Supply Voltage7V
Analog Supply Voltage15V
Input Voltage-0.3 to 7V
Charge Pump Storage Capacitor4.7µF
Motor Current (DC) (TQFP64 only)
(PLCC44 and PQFP44)
3
2.5
Peak Motor Current (Pulsed: Ton= 5ms, d.c. = 10%)5A
Power Dissipation at Tamb = 50 °C(PLCC44)
GND
CHARGE PUMP2
RSENSE 1
BRAKE DELAY
SPIN SENSE
OUTPUT B
PWM/SLEW
CENTER TAP
VPOWER
MASK/DELAY
GND
D95IN243
PIN CONNECTION TQFP64 (Topview)
GND
GND
17
N.C.
18
N.C.
N.C.
GND
19
20
21
22
23
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
GND
OTWARN
SELECT POLE
PWM LIMIT TMR
PWM/LINEAR
OUTPUT ENABLE
RUN/BRAKE
SEQ. INCREMENT
SYSTEM CLOCK
MONO/SEQINC CTRL
FALIGN
PWM COMP
GND
GND
TDLY(1)
TDLY(2)
VLOGIC
FMOTOR
VANALOG
TDLY(0)
1213141516
3736343335
CSA INPUT
VCONTROL
VPOWER
VPOWER
RSENSE 2
RSENSE 2
N.C.
N.C.
OUTPUT A
OUTPUT A
43424139384048474644 45
OUTPUT C
OUTPUT C
CHARGE PUMP 3
GM COMP
CHARGE PUMP 1
GATE DRIVE
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
123564789102411
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
GND
GND
GND
CHARGE PUMP 2
RSENSE 1
RSENSE 1
BRAKE DELAY
SPIN SENSE
OUTPUT B
OUTPUT B
PWM/SLEW
CENTER TAP
VPOWER
VPOWER
MASK DELAY
GND
GND
D95IN244
3/31
L6238S
PIN FUNCTIONS
PLCC44 PQFP44 TQFP64NameI/OFunction
13956, 57OUTPUT BI/ODMOS Half Bridge Output and Input B for Bemf sensing.
24058SPIN SENSEOToggless at each Zero Crossing of the Bemf.
34159BRAKE DELAYIEnergy Recovery time constant, definedby external R-C to ground.
44260, 61R
sense 1
54362CHARGE
PUMP 2
6, 7,
17, 29,
39, 40
1, 11,
23, 33,
34, 44
*GROUNDSGround terminals.
824CHARGEPUMP1IPositive terminal of Pump Capacitor.
935CHARGEPUMP3OPositive terminal of Storage Capacitor.
1046, 7OUTPUT AI/ODMOS Half BridgeOutput and Input A for Bemf sensing.
11, 425, 369, 10,
V
power
52, 53
12611V
13, 327, 268, 18,
analog
N.CN.COpen Terminal
19, 31,
41
14812Tdly(0)IThree bits that set theDelay between the detection of the Bemf
15913Tdly(1)I
161014Tdly(2)I
181220OTWARNOOvertemperature Warning Output
191321SELECT POLEISelects # of Motor Poles. A zero selects 8, while a one selects 4
201422PWM TIMERICapacitor connected to this pin sets the maximum time allowed
211523PWM/LINEARISelects PWM or Linear Output Current Control
221624OUTPUT
ENABLE
231725SEQUENCEIRising edge will initiate start-up. A Brakingrountine is started
241826SEQ
INCREMENT
251927SYSTEM CLKIClock Frequency for the system timer/counters.
262028MONO/SEQ.
INC. CONTROL
272129FalignIReference Frequency for the opt. Auto-Start Algorithm. If int.
282230PWM COMPOOutput of the PWM Comparator
302435VlogicS5V Logic Supply Voltage.
312536FmotorOMotor Once-per-Revolution signal.
332737VcontrolIVoltage at this input controlshe Motor Current
342838CSA INPUTIInput to the Current Sense Amplifier.
352939, 40Rsense 2OOutput C connection forthe Motor Current SenseResistor to
363042, 43OUTPUT CI/ODMOS Half Bridge Output and Input C for Bemf sensing.
373144gm COMPIA series RC network to ground that defines the compensation of
OOutputs A+B connections for the Motor Current Sense Resistor
to ground
INegative Terminal of Pump Capacitor.
SPower Section Supply Terminal.
S12V supply.
zero crossing, and the commutation of the next Phase.
poles.
for 100% duty cycle during PWM operation
ITristates Power Output Stage when a logic zero.
when this input is brought low.
IA lowto high transition on thispin increments the Output State
Sequencer.
IA logicone will disable the Monotonicity Detectorand Sequence
Increment functions.
start up is not used, this pin must be connected to the System
Clock.
ground.
the Transconductance Loop.
4/31
PIN FUNCTIONS
PLCC44 PQFP44 TQFP64NameI/OFunction
383245GATE DRIVERI/ODrivers the Ext. PFET Gate Driver for Higher Power applications.
This pin must be grounded if anexternal driver is not used.
413551MASK/DELAYOInternal Logic Signals used forproduction Testing
433754CENTER TAPIMotor Center Tap used for differentialBEMF sensing.
443855PWM/SLEWIR/C at this input set the LinearSlew Rate and PWM OFF-Time
L6238S
Figure1: BrakeDelay TimeoutvsC
(R
T
BD
(s)
3.0
1.0
0.3
0.0
0.00.31.03.0Cb(µF)
Figure3: PWM Off - Time vs R
brake
=1Meg)
slew/Coff
brake
D95IN274
Figure 2: LinearSlew Rate vs R
S
VR
slew
(V/µs)
3.0
1.0
0.3
0.0
1030100300Rs(KΩ)
Figure 4: PWMLimit Time - Out vsC
D95IN275
timer
PWM
(µs)
D95IN276
30
10
3
1
100300Coff(pF)
PWM
(µs)
30
10
100300Ctimer(pF)
D95IN277
5/31
L6238S
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (T
=0to70°C; VA=V
amb
Pwr
= 12V; V
= 5V; unless otherwise
logic
specified)
SymbolParameterTest ConditionMin.Typ.Max.Unit
GENERAL
V
analog
I
analog
V
I
logic
logic
Analog Supply Voltage10.513.5V
Analog Supply CurrentRun Mode VA= 13.5V1.52.74.5mA
Brake Mode V
= 13.5V280800µA
A
Logic Supply Voltage4.55.05.5V
Logic Supply CurrentRun Mode V
= 5.5V123.2mA
logic
Brake Mode1005001000µA
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
*T
*T
*T
sd
hys
ew
Shut Down Temperature150180°C
Recovery Temperature
30°C
Hysteresis
Early Warning TemperatureTsd-25°C
POWERSTAGE
R
DS(on)
I
o(leak)
V
F
dVo/dtOutput Slew Rate (Linear)R
I
gt
V
Gate-Drive
V
Ctrl-Range
I
in(VCtrl)
PWM OFF-TIME CONTROLLER (R
T
off
V
chrg
V
trip
Output ON Resistance per FETTj=25°C; VA= 10.5V
T
= 125°C; VA= 10.5V
j
Output Leakage CurrentV
= 15V1mA
pwr
0.200.26
0.40
Body Diode Forward DropIm= 2.0A1.5V
= 100KΩ0.150.300.45V/µs
slew
Output Slew Rate (PWM)10150V/µs
Gate Drive for Ext. Power
DMOS
V
V
control
A
= 1V; V
= 10.5V
sns
= 0V;
4.5mA
Ext Driver Disable Voltage0.7V
Voltage Control Input Range05.0V
Voltage Control Input Current10µA
= 100KΩ,C
slew
= 120pF)
off
OFF Time91114µs
Capacitor Charge VoltageVA= 10.5V2.312.653.1V
Lower Trip Threshold1.25V
shown in Fig. 1-1.
This configurationrequires a minimum amount of
external components.
1.2 Input Default States
Figure 1-2 depicts the two possible input structures for the logic inputs. If a particular pin is not
360K
14
10K
GAIN1-IN
ERROR
AMP OUTPUT
13
11
36WR28A027A118
CS
100K
GAIN2-IN
DA0Out
10
15
3143133
6,7,17,29,39,40
41
GND
POR DLY
CC/2
V
PROG
V
CP2CP1
PUMP
V
D95IN278
Rprogram
0.01µF
1µF
0.068µF
360K
360K
Rs 0.4
OUT
DA2
SENSE OUT
OUT B
12
L6244
VOICE COIL DRIVER
8/31
12V
60-90Hz
Note: If the internal Start-up
Algorithm is not used,
VLOGIC(5V)
connect this pinto SYS_CLK
MONO
GATE
22µF
LOGIC
V
SEQ.
DRV
ANLG
V
PWR
V
ALIGN
F
OUT ENA
3826
1239
2711,42
OUT A
22
10
CTRL
RUN/BRK
V
33
23
43
CTR TAP
SEQ INC
34
1
OUT B
MTR
F
31
OUT C
OT WARM
18
L6238S
36
CONTROLLER
DLY(0)TDLY(1)TDLY(2)
T
16
15
14
SPINDLE MOTOR DRIVER
4.35
346.33
5
CSA
RSENSE
CHRG PUMP 2
10nF
20
8
PWM
TMR
6,7,17,
CHRG PUMP 1
29,39,40
GND
3
BRK
37
GM
44
PWM
CHRG
259
SYS CLK
DLY
COMP
SLEW
PUMP 3
10K
4.7µF
220pF
0.1µF
0.068µF
100K
400pF
8.12MHz
L6238S
Figure1-2
V
LOGIC
10µA
330
PULL-UPPULL-DOWN
D95IN279
V
LOGIC
330
10µA
used in an application, it may either be connected
to ground or VLOGICas required, It may also be
simplyleft unconnected.
If no connection is made, the pin is either pulled
high or low by internal constant current generatorsas shownabove.
A listing of the logic and clock inputs is shown in
Table1 with the correspondingdefault state.
Table 1
Pin FunctionConfiguration
Tdly (0,1,2)Pull-Down
Select PolePull-Down
PWM/LinearPull-Down
Output EnablePull-Down
Run/BrakePull-Up
Sequence IncrementPull-Down
System ClockPull-Up
FalingPull-Up
1.3 Modes ofOperation
Thereare 5 basicmodes of operation.
1) Tristate
When Output Enable is low, the output power
driversare tristated.
2) Start-Up
With Output Enable high, bringing Run/Brake
from a low to a high will energize the motor and
the system will be driven by the Fully-Integrated
StartUpAlgorithm.
A user-defined Start-Up Algorithm, under control
of a MicroProcessor,can also be achieved via the
sequenceincrementinput.
3) Run
Run mode is achieved when the motor speed
(controlled bytheexternal microprocessor)
reaches the nominalspeed.
4) Park
When Run/Brake is brought low, energy to park
the heads may be derivedfrom the rectified Bemf.
The energy recovery time is a function of the
Brake Delay Time Constant. In this state, the quiescent current of the device is minimized (sleep
mode).
5) Brake
After the Energy Recovery Time-Out, the device
is in Brake, with all lower Drivers in full conduction.
There are two mutually exclusive conditions
which may be present during the Tristate Mode
(wake up):
a)the spindleis stopped.
b)the system is still running at a speed that
allows for resynchronization.
In order to minimize the ramp up time, the microcontrollerhas thepossibility to:
check the SPIN SENSE pin, (which toggles at
the Bemf zerocrossing frequency)
enable the power to the motor based on the
previous information.Otherwise the µP may issue a Brake command, followed by the startup procedureafter the motorhas stoppedspinning.
2.0 STATEDIAGRAMS
2.1 StateDiagram
Figure 2-1 is a complete State Diagram of the
controllerdepicting the operationalflow asa function of the control pins and motor status. The flow
can be separatedinto fourdistinct operations.
2.2 Align + Go
Figure 2-2 represent the normal flow that will
achieve a spin-up of the spindle motor using the
internallygenerated start up algorithm.
Uponpower up,orfrom anystatewith
Run/Brake low the controller first sets the state
machine for State=1with the Outputs Tristated.
The period counter that monitors the time between zero crossing is stopped, analog with the
phase and maskdelay counters.
When Run/Brake is brought high, the motor is in
the firstpart of the align mode at State 2 (OutputA high and Output C low). If Output Enable is
high, thecontrollerfirst checks to determine if the
motor is still spinning for a time of 21Ω (with
Sys_Clk = 10MHz). The drivers are now enabled
and after the align time-out, (64/Falign), the sequencer double increments the outputsto State 4
(Output B high and Output A low). The first part
of this align mode is used to reduce the effectsof
stiction
9/31
L6238S
Figure2-1
RUN/BRK=0
DRIVERS OFF
OUTENA=1
OUTENA=1
DRIVERS OFF
STATE=STATE+1
MIN CLOCK DELAY
LOAD MIN DELAY
LOAD MAX MASK
DELAY COUNT
STATE=STATE+1
MASK COUNT
POR=0
FROM ANY STATE
(FOR IS GENERATED INTERNALLY
BY MONITORING VLOGIC)
STATE= 1
DRIVERS OFF
MIN CLOCK DELAY
PERIOD STOP
DELAY STOP
MASK STOP
RUN/BRAKE=1
DRIVERS OFF
MIN CLOCK DELAY
LOAD MIN MASK***
PERIOD STOP
DELAY COUNT
STATE=STATE+1
MASK COUNT
OUTENA=1
CHECK FOR ZcBEMF
21
2
SYS_CLK
RUN/BRK=0
DRIVERS OFF
BEMF
SEQLNC=1 &
OUTENA=0
RUN/BRK=X
OUTENA=1
BEMF
RUN
MODE
BEMF
LOAD DELAY=MIN
LOAD MASK=MIN
RESET PERIOD
PERIOD COUNT
DELAY COUNT*
STATE=STATE+1
MASK COUNT
MONO=0**
DRIVERS ON
LOAD DELAY=PERIOD
LOAD MASK=PERIOD
RESET PERIOD
PERIOD COUNT
DELAY COUNT*
STATE=STATE+1
MASK COUNT
INT. START-UP DISABLED
MIN. CLOCK DELAY
LOAD MIN. DELAY
LOAD MIN. MASK***
BEMF
LOAD MIN. DELAY
LOAD MIN. MASK***
DELAY COUNT
STATE=STATE+1
MASK COUNT
BEMF
RUN/BRK=1 &
OUTENA=1
STATE=STATE+1*
MASK COUNT
SEQINC=1
FROM ANY STATE
WITH SEQ_INC=0
OUTENA=1
OUTENA=0
DRIVERS ON
PERIOD COUNT
DELAY COUNT
SEQINC=0SEQINC=1
BEMFBEMFSEQINC=0SEQINC=1
LOAD DELAY=PERIOD
LOAD MASK=PERIOD
RESET PERIOD
PERIOD COUNT
DELAY COUNT**
STATE=STATE+1
* VALID IF SEQINC=0, AND DELAY TIMES OUT
** CLOCK DELAY=F(TDLY_[2:0])
WHEN BEMF PERIOD <3.3ms @ 10MHz
(SPEED >12.7Hz FOR 8 POLES)
BEMFOUTENA=1
DRIVERS OFF
MIN CLOCK DELAY
PERIOD STOP
MASK COUNT
RETURN TO
PREVIOUS STATE
(CHANGING SEQINC=1)
ALIGN &
GO MODE
* CLOCK DELAY=F(TDLY [2:0] WHENBEMF PERIOD <3.3ms@ 10MHz (SPEED>12.7Hz FOR 8 POLES)
BEMF: BEMF RISING WITH PNSLOPE=1 OR BEMF FALLING WITH PNSLOPE=0
BEMF1: BEMF RISING WITH PNSLOPE=0 OR BEMF FALLING WITH PNSLOPE=1
**MONO=0 WHEN FREQ(BEMF)=2*FREQ(PHASE)
***MIN MASK=192/SYS_CLK(I.E. WITH SYS_CLK=10MHz,MIN MASK=19.2µs)
BEMF
After the next align time-out 192/Falign), the controller enters the Go mode, were the sequencer
again double increments the output phase upon
detectionof themotor’s Bemf.
The align time-outmay be optimized for the application by changing the Faling reference frequency.
A Watch-Dog Timer protection feature is built into
the control logic to monitor the Falign pin for a
clockingsignal. This circuitry, shown in Figure2-3
will prevent start up the device if the Falign clock
isnot present.
10/31
RESYNCHRONIZATION
MODE
D95IN280
Without this feature, the output would remain in
the first phase under high current conditions, if
the clockwere not present.
If the external sequencer is used to provide start
up, thesystem clock may be tied to the Falign pin
to satisfy the requirements of the Watch-Dog
Timer.
2.3 Resynchronization
If power is momentarily lost, the sequencer can
automatically resynchronize to the monitored
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