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A or G
Wireless Router
802.11a/802.11g/802.11b Wireless Access Point
Broadband Internet Access
4-Port Switching Hub
User's Guide
Page 2
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
Per FCC Part 2 Section 2.1077(a)
Responsible Party Name: SerComm Corporation
Address: 8F, No. 3-1, YuanQu St., NanKang,
Taipei 115, Taiwan, R. O. C
Phone / Fax No: +886-2-2655-3988 / +886-2-2655-3765
hereby declares that the product
Product Name: A or G Wireless Router
Model Number: IP906SM
Comforms to the following specifications:
FCC Part 15, Subpart B requlation.
Representative Person's Name: _________________________
Signature: _________________________
Kevin Tsent
Date: __________________________
Jul. 26, 2005
Page 3
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1
Wireless Router F eatures..............................................................................................................1
Package Contents.............................................................................................................................3
Physical Details ................................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION...............................................................................................................7
Requirements ....................................................................................................................................7
Procedure...........................................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 3 SETUP..................................................................................................................................9
Overview.............................................................................................................................................9
Configuration Program.................................................................................................................11
Setup Wizard...................................................................................................................................13
LAN Screen.....................................................................................................................................16
Wireless Screen .............................................................................................................................18
Password Screen.............................................................................................................................23
CHAPTER 4 PC CONFIGURATION...................................................................................................24
Overview...........................................................................................................................................24
Windows Clients.............................................................................................................................24
Macintosh Clients...........................................................................................................................36
Linux Clients...................................................................................................................................36
Other Unix Systems .......................................................................................................................36
Wireless Station Configuration..................................................................................................37
CHAPTER 5 OPERATION AND STATUS.........................................................................................38
Operation..........................................................................................................................................38
Status Screen..................................................................................................................................38
Connection Status - PPPoE...........................................................................................................41
Connection Status - PPTP.............................................................................................................43
Connection Status - L2TP.............................................................................................................44
Connection Status - Telstra Big Pond........................................................................................45
Connection Details - SingTel RAS..............................................................................................47
Connection Details - Fixed/Dynamic IP Address......................................................................49
CHAPTER 6 ADVANCED F EATURES ...............................................................................................51
Overview...........................................................................................................................................51
Access Control................................................................................................................................51
Dynamic DNS (Domain Name Server)........................................................................................56
Advanced Internet Screen.............................................................................................................58
URL Filter........................................................................................................................................62
Define Schedule..............................................................................................................................64
User Groups .....................................................................................................................................65
Virtual Servers ...............................................................................................................................66
WAN Port Configuration..............................................................................................................70
CHAPTER 7 ADVANCED ADMINISTRATION...............................................................................74
Overview...........................................................................................................................................74
Config File........................................................................................................................................75
Logs...................................................................................................................................................76
Network Diagnostics......................................................................................................................78
Options..............................................................................................................................................79
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PC Database.....................................................................................................................................80
Remote Administration..................................................................................................................84
Routing .............................................................................................................................................86
Security............................................................................................................................................90
Upgrade Firmware..........................................................................................................................92
APPENDIX A TROUBLESHOOTING .................................................................................................93
Overview...........................................................................................................................................93
General Problems ...........................................................................................................................93
Internet Access...............................................................................................................................93
APPENDIX B ABOUT WIRELESS LANS .........................................................................................95
Modes ................................................................................................................................................95
BSS/ESS...........................................................................................................................................95
Channels...........................................................................................................................................96
WEP...................................................................................................................................................96
WPA-PSK........................................................................................................................................96
Wireless LAN Configuration.......................................................................................................97
APPENDIX C SPECIFICATIONS........................................................................................................98
Multi-Function Wireless Router.................................................................................................98
Wireless Interface..........................................................................................................................98
Regulatory Approvals.....................................................................................................................99
P/N: 9560RX0001
Copyright 2005. All Rights Reserved.
Document Version: 1.0 (June, 2005)
All trademarks and trade names are the properties of their respective owners.
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Chapter 1
1
Introduction
This Chapter provides an overview of the Wireless Router's features and capabilities.
Congratulations on the purchase of your new Wireless Router. The Wireless Router is a multi function device provi ding the following services:
• Shared Broadband Internet Access for all LAN users.
• 4-Port Switching Hub for 10BaseT or 100BaseT connections.
• Wireless Access Point for 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g Wireless Stations.
Figure 1: Wireless Router
Wireless Router Features
The Wireless Router incorporates many advanced features, carefully designed to provide
sophisticated functions while being easy to use.
Internet Access Features
• Shared Internet Access. All users on the LAN or WLAN can access the Internet
through the Wireless Router, using only a single external IP Address. The local (invalid) IP
Addresses are hidden from external sources. This process is called NAT (Network Address
Translation).
• DSL & Cable Modem Support. The Wireless Router has a 10/100BaseT Ethernet port
for connecting a DSL or Cable Modem. All popular DSL and Cable Modems are supported.
SingTel RAS and Big Pond (Australia) login support is also included.
• PPPoE, PPTP, SingTel RAS and Telstra Big Pond Support. The Internet (WAN
port) connection supports PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet), PPTP (Peer -to-Peer Tunneling Protocol), SingTel RAS and Telstra Big Pond (Austral ia), as well as "Direct Connection" type
services. Unnumbered IP with PPPoE is also supported.
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• Fixed or Dynamic IP Address. On the Internet (WAN port) connection, the Wireless
Router supports both Dynamic IP Address (IP Address is allocated on connection) and
Fixed IP Address.
Advanced Internet Functions
• Communication Applications. Support for Internet communication applications, such
as interactive Games, Telephony, and Conferencing applications, which are often difficult
to use when behind a Firewall, is included.
• Special Internet Applications. Applications which use non-standard connections or
port numbers are normally blocked by the Firewall. The ability to define and allow such applications is pr ovided, to enable such applications to be used normally.
• Virtual Servers. This feature allows Internet users to access Internet servers on your
LAN. The required setup is quick and easy.
• DDNS Support. DDNS (Dynamic DNS) allows Internet users to connect to Virtual
Servers on your LAN using a domain name, even if your IP address is not fixed.
• Multi-DMZ. For each WAN (Internet) IP address allocated to you, one (1) PC on your
local LAN can be configured to allow unrestricted 2-way communication with Servers or
individual users on the Internet. This provides the ability to run programs which are incompatible with Firewalls.
• URL Filter. Use the URL Filter to block access to undesirable Web sites by LAN users.
• Internet Access Log. See which Internet connections have been made.
• Access Control. Using the Access Control feature, you can assign LAN users to differ-
ent groups, and determine which Internet services are available to each group.
• VPN Pass through Support. PCs with VPN (Virtual Private Networking) software using
PPTP, L2TP and IPSec are transparently suppor ted - no configuration is required.
Wireless Features
• Standards Compliant. The Wireless Router complies with the IEEE802.11a and
IEEE802.11g (DSSS) specifications for Wireless LANs.
• Supports 802.11b and 802.11g Wireless Stations. The 802.11g standard provides
for backward compatibility with the 802.11b standard, so both 802.11b and 802.11g Wireless
stations can be used simultaneously.
• Speeds to 54Mbps. All speeds up to the 802.11g maximum of 54Mbps are supported.
• WPA-PSK support. The WPA-PSK (Pre-shared Key) standard provides greater security
for your Wireless clients than WEP.
• WEP support. Support for WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) is included. Key sizes of 64
Bit and 128 Bit are supported.
• Wireless MAC-level Access Control. The Wireless Access Control feature can check
the MAC address (hardware address) of Wireless stations to ensure that only trusted
Wireless Stations can access your LAN.
• Simple Configuration. If the default settings are unsuitable, they can be changed
quickly and easily.
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Introduction
LAN Features
• 4-Port Switching Hub. The Wireless Router incorporates a 4-port 10/100BaseT switch-
ing hub, making it easy to create or extend your LAN.
• DHCP Server Support. Dynamic H ost Configuration Protocol provides a dynamic IP
address to PCs and other devices upon request. The Wireless Router can act as a DHCP
Server for devices on your local LAN and WLAN.
• Multi Segment LAN Support. LANs containing one or more segments are supported,
via the Wireless Router's RIP (Routing Information Protocol) support and built-in static
routing table.
Configuration & Management
• Easy Setup. Use your WEB browser from anywhere on the LAN or WLAN for configur a-
tion.
• Configuration File Upload/Download. Save (download) the configuration data from
the Wireless Router to your PC, and restore (upload) a previously-saved configur ation file
to the Wireless Router.
• Remote Management. The Wireless Router can be managed from any PC on your LAN.
And, if the Internet connection exists, it can also (optionally) be configured via the Internet.
• Network Diagnostics. You can use the Wireless Router to perform a Ping or DNS
lookup.
• UPnP Support. UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) allows automatic discovery and con-
figuration of the Wireless Router. UPnP is by supported by Windows ME, XP, or later.
Security Features
• Password - protected Configuration. Optional password protection is provided to
prevent unauthorized users from modifying the configur ation data and settings.
• Wireless LAN Security . WPA-PSK and WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) are supported,
as well as MAC -level Wireless access control to prevent unknown wireless stations from
acces sing your LAN.
• NAT Protection. An intrinsic side effect of NAT (Network Address Translation) tech-
nology is that by allowing all LAN users to share a single IP address, the location and even
the existence of each PC is hidden. From the external viewpoint, there is no network, only a
single device - the Wireless Router.
• Stateful Inspection Firewall. All incoming data packets are monitored and all incom-
ing server requests are filtered, thus protecting your network from malicious attacks from
external sources.
• Protection against DoS attacks. DoS (Denial of Service) attacks can flood your
Internet connection with invalid packets and connection requests, using so much bandwidth and so many resources that Internet access becomes unavailable. The Wireless
Router incorporates pr otection against DoS attacks.
Package Contents
The following items should be included:
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• The Wireless Router Unit
• Power Adapter
• Quick Installation Guide
• CD-ROM containing the on-line manual.
If any of the above items are damaged or missing, please contact your dealer immediately.
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Physical Details
Front-mounted LEDs
Power LED On - Power on.
Off - No pow er.
Introduction
Figure 2: Front Panel
Status (Red)
LED
LAN LEDs For each port, there are 2 LEDs
WAN LED On - Connection to the Broadband Modem attached to the WAN (Internet)
802.11a LED On - 802.11a Wireless connection available; Wireless Access Point is
On - Error condition.
Off - Normal operation.
Blinking - This LED blinks during start up, and during a Firmware Up-
grade.
• Link/Act
• On - Corresponding LAN (hub) port is active.
• Off - No active connection on the corresponding LAN (hub) port.
• Flashing - Data is being transmitted or received via the corre-
sponding LAN (hub) port.
• 100
• On - Corresponding LAN (hub) port is using 100BaseT.
• Off - Corresponding LAN (hub) port connection is using
10BaseT, or no active connection.
port is established.
Off - No connection to the Broadband Modem.
Flashing - Data is being transmitted or received via the WAN port.
ready for use.
Off - No Wireless connection available.
Flashing - Data is being transmitted or received via the 802.11a. Data
includes "network traffic" as well as user data.
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802.11g/b
LED
On - 802.11g Wireless connection available; Wireless Access Point is
ready for use.
Off - No Wireless connection available.
Flashing - Data is being transmitted or received via the 802.11g. Data
includes "network traffic" as well as user data.
Rear Panel
Figure 3: Rear Panel
Power port Connect the supplied power adapter here.
10/100BaseT
LAN connections
Use standard LAN cables (RJ45 connectors) to connect your PCs to
these ports.
If required, any port can be connected to another hub. Any LAN port
will automatically function as an "Uplink" port when necessary.
WAN port
(10/100BaseT)
Reset Button This button has two (2) functions:
Antenna If the antenna is detachable, connect it here. When in use, best
Connect the DSL or Cable Modem here. If your modem came with a
cable, use the supplied cable. Otherwise, use a standard LAN cable.
• Reboot. When pressed and released, the Wireless Router will
reboot (restart).
• Clear All Data. This button can also be used to clear ALL data
and restore ALL settings to the factory default values.
To Clear All Data and restore the factory default values:
1. Power Off.
2. Hold the Reset Button down while you Power On.
3. Keep holding the Reset Button for a few seconds, until the RED
LED has flashed TWICE.
4. Release the Reset Button. The Wireless Router is now using the
factory default values.
results are usually obtained with the antenna in an upright position.
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Chapter 2
2
Installation
This Chapter covers the physical installation of the Wireless Router.
Requirements
• Network cables. Use standard 10/100BaseT network (UTP) cables with RJ45 connectors.
• TCP/IP protocol must be installed on all PCs.
• For Internet Access, an Internet Access account with an ISP, and either of a DSL or Cable
modem (for WAN port usage)
• To use the Wireless Access Point, all Wireless devices must be compliant with the
IEEE802.11a, IEEE802.11b or IEEE802.11g specifications.
Procedure
Figure 4: Installation Diagram
1. Choose an Installation Site
Select a suitable place on the network to install the Wireless Router.
Ensure the Wireless Router and the DSL/Cable modem are powered OFF.
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For best Wireless reception and performance, the Wireless
Router should be positioned in a central location with minimum obstructions between the Wireless Router and the PCs.
Also, if using multiple Access Points, adjacent Access Points
should use different Channels.
2. Connect LAN Cables
Use standard LAN cables to connect PCs to the Switching Hub ports on the Wireless
Router. Both 10Base T and 100BaseT connections can be used simultaneously.
If required, connect any port to a normal port on another Hub, using a standard LAN cable.
Any LAN port on the Wireless Router will automatically function as an "Uplink" port when
required.
3. Connect WAN Cable
Connect the DSL or Cable modem to the WAN port on the Wireless Router. Use the cable
supplied with your DSL/Cable modem. If no cable was supplied, use a standard cable.
4. Power Up
• Power on the Cable or DSL modem.
• Connect the supplied power adapter to the Wireless Router and power up.
Use only the power adapter provided. Using a different one may cause hardware damage
5. Check the LEDs
• The Power LED should be ON.
• The Status LED should flash, then turn Off. If it stays on, there is a hardware error.
• For each LAN (PC) connection, the LAN Link/Act LED should be ON (provided the PC is
also ON.)
• The WAN LED should be ON.
• Either 802.11a or 802.11g/b LED should be ON
For more information, refer to Front-mounted LEDs in Chapter 1.
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Chapter 3
3
Setup
This Chapter provides Setup details of the Wireless Router.
Overview
This chapter describes the setup procedure for:
• Internet Access
• LAN configuration
• Wireless setup
• Assigning a Password to protect the configuration data.
PCs on your local LAN may also require configuration. For details, see Chapter 4 - PC Configuration.
Other configuration may also be required, depending on which features and functions of the
Wireless Router you wish to use. Use the table below to locate detailed instructions for the
required functions.
To Do this: Refer to:
Configure PCs on your LAN. Chapter 4:
PC Configuration
Check Wireless Router operation and Status. Chapter 5:
Operation and Status
Use any of the following Advanced features:
• Access Control
• Dynamic DNS
• Advanced Internet (Special Applications, DMZ
• URL Filter
• Schedule
• User Groups (for Access Control & URL Filter)
• Virtual Servers (Port Forwarding)
• WAN Port Setup
Use any of the following Administration Configuration
settings or features:
• Config File download/upload
• Logs
• Network Diagnostics (Ping, DNS Lookup)
• Options (Backup DNS, UPnP, Firewall)
• PC Database
• Remote Administration
• Routing (RIP and static Routing)
Chapter 6:
Advanced Features
Chapter 7
Advanced Administration
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• Security settings
• Firmware Upgrade
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Setup
Configuration Program
The Wireless Router contains an HTTP server. This enables you to connect to it, and configure
it, using your Web Browser. Your Browser must support JavaScript.
The configuration program has been tested on the following browsers:
• Netscape V4.08 or later
• Internet Explorer V4 or later
Preparation
Before attempting to configure the Wireless Router, please ensure that:
• Your PC can establish a physical connection to the Wireless Router. The PC and the
Wireless Router must be directly connected (using the Hub ports on the Wireless Router)
or on the same LAN se gment.
• The Wireless Router must be installed and powered ON.
• If the Wireless Router's default IP Address (192.168.0.1) is already used by another device,
the other device must be turned OFF until the Wireless Router is allocated a new IP Address during configuration.
Using UPnP
If your Windows system supports UPnP, an icon for the Wireless Router will appear in the
system tray, notifying you that a new network device has been found, and offering to create a
new desktop shortcut to the newly-discovered device.
• Unless you intend to change the IP Address of the Wireless Router, you can accept the
desktop shortcut.
• Whether you accept the desktop shortcut or not, you can always find UPnP devices in My
Network Places (previously called Network Neighborhood).
• Double - click the icon for the Wireless Router (either on the Desktop, or in My Network
Places) to start the configuration. Refer to the following section Setup Wizard for details of
the initial configuration process.
Using your Web Browser
To establish a connection from your PC to the Wireless Router:
1. After installing the Wireless Router in your LAN, start your PC. If your PC is already
running, restart it.
2. Start your WEB browser.
3. In the Address box, enter "HTTP://" and the IP Address of the Wireless Router, as in this
example, which uses the Wireless Router's default IP Address:
HTTP://192.168.0.1
Because the default password is blank, your will not be prompted for a password. However, you
should use the Password screen to assign a password.
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If you can't connect
If the Wireless Router does not respond, check the following:
• The Wireless Router is properly installed, LAN connection is OK, and it is
powered ON. You can test the connection by using the "Ping" command:
• Open the MS -DOS window or command prompt window.
• Enter the command:
ping 192.168.0.1
If no response is received, either the connection is not working, or your
PC's IP address is not compatible with the Wireless Router's IP Address.
(See next item.)
• If your PC is using a fixed IP Address, its IP Address must be within the range
192.168.0.2 to 192.168.0.254 to be compatible with the Wireless Router's default
IP Address of 192.168.0.1. Also, the Network Mask must be set to 255.255.255.0.
See Chapter 4 - PC Configuration for details on checking your PC's TCP/IP
settings.
• Ensure that your PC and the Wireless Router are on the same network se gment.
(If you don't have a router, this must be the case.)
• Ensure you are using the wired LAN interface. The Wireless interface can only
be used if its configuration matches your PC's wireless settings.
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Setup
Setup Wizard
The first time you connect to the Wireless Router, the Setup Wi zard will run automatically. (The
Setup Wizard will also run if the Wireless Router's default settings are restored.)
1. Step through the Wizard until finished.
• You need to know the type of Internet connection service used by your ISP. Check the
data supplied by your ISP.
• The common connection types are explained in the tables below.
2. On the final screen of the Wizard, run the test and check that an Internet connection can be
established.
3. If the connection test fails:
• Check your data, the Cable/DSL modem, and all connections.
• Check that you have entered all data correctly.
• If using a Cable modem, your ISP may have recorded the MAC (physical) address of
your PC. Run the Wizard, and on the Cable Modem screen, use the "Clone MAC address" button to copy the MAC address from your PC to the Wireless Router.
Common Connection Types
Cable Modems
Type Details ISP Data required
Dynamic
IP Address
Static (Fixed)
IP Address
DSL Modems
Type Details ISP Data required
Dynamic
IP Address
Static (Fixed)
IP Address
Your IP Address is allocated
automatically, when you
connect to you ISP.
Your ISP allocates a perm anent
IP Address to you.
Your IP Address is allocated
automatically, when you
connect to you ISP.
Your ISP allocates a perm anent
IP Address to you.
Usually, none.
However, some ISP's may
require you to use a particular
Hostname, Domain name, or
MAC (physical) address.
IP Address allocated to you.
Some ISP's may also require you
to use a particular Hostname,
Domain name, or MAC (physical) address.
IP Address allocated to you.
PPPoE You connect to the ISP only
when required. The IP address
is usually allocated automatically.
User name and password.
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PPTP PPTP is mainly used in Europe.
You connect to the ISP only
when required. The IP address
is usually allocated automatically, but may be Static (Fixed).
Other Modems (e.g. Broadband Wireless)
Type Details ISP Data required
Dynamic
IP Address
Static (Fixed)
IP Address
Your IP Address is allocated
automatically, when you connect to you ISP.
Your ISP allocates a permanent
IP Address to you.
Big Pond (Australia)
For this connection method, the following data is required:
• User Name
• Password
• Big Pond Server IP address
• Server IP Address.
• User name and password.
• IP Address allocated to
you, if Static (Fixed).
None.
IP Address allocated to you.
SingTel RAS
For this connection method, the following data is required:
• User Name
• Password
• RAS Plan
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Setup
Home Screen
After finishing the Setup Wizard, you will see the Home screen. When you connect in future,
you will see this screen when you connect. An example screen is shown below.
Figure 5: Home Screen
Navigation & Data Input
• Use the menu bar on the left of the screen, and the "Back" button on your Browser, for
navigation.
• Changing to another screen without clicking "Save" does NOT save any changes you may
have made. You must "Save" before changing screens or your data will be ignored.
On each screen, clicking the "Help" button will
display help for that screen.
From any help screen, you can access the list of all
help files (help index).
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Wireless Router User Guide
LAN Screen
Use the LAN link on the main menu to reach the LAN screen. An example screen is shown
below.
Figure 6: LAN Screen
Data - LAN Screen
TCP/IP
IP Address IP address for the Wireless Router, as seen from the local LAN. Use the
default value unless the address is already in use or your LAN is using
a different IP address range. In the latter case, enter an unused IP
Address from within the range used by your LAN.
Subnet Mask The default value 255.255.255.0 is standard for small (class "C") net-
works. For other networks, use the Subnet Mask for the LAN segment
to which the Wireless Router is attached (the same value as the PCs on
that LAN segment).
DHCP Server
Buttons
Save Save the data on screen.
Cancel The "Cancel" button will discard any data you have entered and reload
• If Enabled, the Wireless Router will allocate IP Addresses to PCs
(DHCP clients) on your LAN when they start up. The default (and
recommended) value is Enabled.
• If you are already using a DHCP Server, this setting must be
Disabled, and the existing DHCP server must be re-configured to
treat the Wireless Router as the default Gateway. See the following
section for further details.
• The Start IP Address and Finish IP Address fields set the values
used by the DHCP server when allocating IP Addresses to DHCP
clients. This range also determines the number of DHCP clients
supported.
See the following section for further details on using DHCP.
the file from the Wireless Router.
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Setup
DHCP
What DHCP Does
A DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) Server allocates a valid IP address to a DHCP
Client (PC or device) upon request.
• The client request is made when the client device starts up (boots).
• The DHCP Server provides the Gateway and DNS addresses to the client, as well as
allocating an IP Address.
• The Wireless Router can act as a DHCP server.
• Windows 95/98/ME, Windows 2000 and Windows XP act as a DHCP client. This is the
default Windows setting for the TCP/IP network protocol. However, Windows uses the
term Obtain an IP Address automatically instead of "DHCP Client".
• You must NOT have two (2) or more DHCP Servers on the same LAN segment. (If your
LAN does not have other Routers, this means there must only be one (1) DHCP Server on
your LAN.)
Using the Wireless Router's DHCP Server
This is the default setting. The DHCP Server settings are on the LAN screen. On this screen,
you can:
• Enable or Disable the Wireless Router's DHCP Server function.
• Set the range of IP Addresses allocated to PCs by the DHCP Server function.
You can assign Fixed IP Addresses to some devices
while using DHCP, provided that the Fixed IP Addresses
are NOT within the range used by the DHCP Server.
Using another DHCP Server
You can only use one (1) DHCP Server per LAN segment. If you wish to use another DHCP
Server, rather than the Wireless Router's, the following procedure is required.
1. Disable the DHCP Server feature in the Wireless Router. This setting is on the LAN screen.
2. Configure the DHCP Server to provide the Wireless Router's IP Address as the Default
Gateway.
To Configure your PCs to use DHCP
This is the default setting for TCP/IP under Windows 95/98/ME.
See Chapter 4 - Client Configuration for the procedure to check these settings.
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Wireless Router User Guide
Wireless Screen
The Wireless Router's settings must match the other Wireless stations.
Note that the Wireless Router will automatically accept both 802.11b and 802.11g connections,
and no configuration is required for this feature.
To change the Wireless Router's default settings for the Wireless Access Point feature, use the
Wireless link on the main menu to reach the Wireless screen. An example screen is shown below.
Figure 7: Wireless Screen
Data - Wireless Screen
Access Point
Enable Access
Poi nt
Broadcast SSID If Enabled, the SSID will be broadcast its name to all Wireless Stations.
Station name On your PC, some Wireless status screens may display this name as the
Region The region can not be changed by users
· If Enabled, wireless stations will be able to use this Access Point.
· If Disabled, the wireless interface is disabled, and will neither
transmit or receive wireless traffic.
Stations can then see this Access Point in their list of "Available
networks", and can adopt the correct SSID for connections to this
Access Point.
Access Point in use.
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Band
2.4GHz To use the 2.4GHz band, select this radio button, then the desired
option:
• 802.11g & 802.11b - This is the default, and should normally be
used.
• 802.11g only - If selected, this ensures that "g" mode stations will
connect at high speed, but "b" mode stations will be unable to
connect at all.
• 802.11b only - If selected, 802.11g mode is unavailable. 802.11g
mode stations will only be able to connect if they are fully backward-compatible with 802.11b mode.
Setup
Network Name
(SSID)
Enter the desired network name for the 2.4GHz (802.11b/g) band. To
communicate, all Wireless stations must use the same SSID/ESSID.
5GHz Select this radio button if you wish to use the 5GHz band. This will
allow 802.11a connections to this Access Point.
Network Name
(SSID)
Enter the desired network name for the 5GHz (802.11a) band. To communicate, all Wireless stations must use the same SSID/ESSID.
Wireless Security
Current Se tting The current security setting is displayed.
Configure
Button
Click this button to access the Wireless security sub-screen, and
modify the security settings as required.
MAC Level Access Control
Allow LAN
access
This feature can be used to prevent unknown Wireless stations from
accessing your LAN. The available options are:
• All Wireless Stations - All wireless stations can use the access
point to access your LAN.
• Selected Wireless stations only - Only selected wireless stations
access your LAN. To select the required wireless stations, click the
"Select Stations" button.
Allow Internet
access
This feature can prevent unknown Wireless stations from using the
Wireless Router to access the Internet. The avai lable options are:
• All Wireless Stations - All wireless stations can use the access
point to access the Internet.
• Selected Wireless stations only - Only selected wireless stations
can use the access point to access the Internet. To select the required wireless stations, click the "Select Stations" button.
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Wireless Security
This screen is accessed by clicking the "Configure" button on the Wireless screen. There are 3
options for Wireless security:
• Disabled - no data encryption is used.
• WEP - data is encrypted using the WEP standard.
• WPA-PSK - data is encrypted using the WPA-PSK standard. This is a later standard than
WEP, and pr ovides much better security than WEP. If all your Wireless stations support
WPA-PSK, you should use WPA-PSK rather than WEP.
WEP Wireless Security
Figure 8: WEP Screen
Data - WEP Screen
Security
System
Authentication Normally this can be left at the default value of "Auto". If that fails,
Data
Key Size
Passphrase This feature allows you to generate a key or keys from a text (ASCII)
WEP
The 802.11b standard. Data is encrypted before transmission, but the
encryption system is not very strong.
select the appropriate value - "Open System" or "Shared Key." Check
your wireless station's documentation to see what method to use.
Select the WEP Encryption level:
• 64-bit (sometimes called 40-bit) encryption
• 128-bit (sometimes called 104 bit) encryption
phrase, rather than enter keys in Hex.
To use this feature:
• Enter a word or group of printable characters in the Passphrase
field
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• Click the "Generate Keys" button.
• If encryption strength is set to 64 bit, then each of the four key
fields will be populated with key values. If encryption strength is
set to 128 bit, then only the selected WEP key field will be given a
key value.
Keys All wireless stations must use the same key values as the Wireless
Router.
• Use the radio buttons to select the default key.
• Enter the key value you wish to use. Other stations must have the
same key values.
• Keys must be entered in Hex.
Hex characters are the digits (0 ~ 9) and the letters A ~ F.
Setup
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Wireless Router User Guide
WPA-PSK Wireless Security
If "WPA-PSK" is selected, the screen will look like the following example.
Figure 9: WPA-PSK Screen
Data – WPA-PSK Screen
Security
System
PSK Enter the Keyword key value. Data is encrypted using a key derived
Key Lifetime This determines how often the encryption key is changed. You can
WPA Encry ption The WPA-PSK standard allows different encryption methods to be
WPA-PSK
Like WEP, data is encrypted before transmission. WPA is more secure
than WEP, and should be used if possible. WPA-PSK is the version
of WPA, which does NOT require a Radius Server on your LAN.
from the network key. Other Wireless Stations must use the same
network key. The PSK must be from 8 to 63 char acters in length.
change the default value if desired.
used. Select the desired option. Wireless Stations must use the same
encryption method.
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Setup
Password Screen
The password screen allows you to assign a password to the Wireless Router.
Figure 10: Password Screen
Once you have assigned a password to the Wireless Router (on the Password screen above)
you will be prompted for the password when you connect, as shown below. (If no password
has been set, this dialog will not appear.)
Figure 11: Password Dialog
• Leave the "User Name" blank.
• Enter the passw ord for the Wireless Router, as set on the Password screen above.
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Chapter 4
4
PC Configuration
This Chapter details the PC Configuration required on the local ("Internal")
LAN.
Overview
For each PC, the following may need to be configured:
• TCP/IP network settings
• Internet Access configuration
• Wireless configuration
Windows Clients
This section describes how to configure Windows clients for Internet access via the Wireless
Router.
The first step is to check the PC's TCP/IP settings.
The Wireless Router uses the TCP/IP network protocol for all functions, so it is essential that
the TCP/IP protocol be installed and configured on each PC.
TCP/IP Settings - Overview
If using the default Wireless Router settings, and the default Windows
TCP/IP settings, no changes need to be made.
• By default, the Wireless Router will act as a DHCP Server, automatically providing a sui t-
able IP Address (and related information) to each PC when the PC boots.
• For all non-Server versions of Windows, the default TCP/IP setting is to act as a DHCP
client.
If using a Fixed (specified) IP address, the following changes are required:
• The Gateway must be set to the IP address of the Wireless Router
• The DNS should be set to the address provided by your ISP.
If your LAN has a Router, the LAN Administrator must re configure the Router itself. Refer to Chapter 8 - Advanced
Setup for details.
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PC Configuration
Checking TCP/IP Settings - Windows 9x/ME:
1. Select Control Panel - Network. You should see a screen like the following:
Figure 12: Network Configuration
2. Select the TCP/IP protocol for your network card.
3. Click on the Properties button. You should then see a screen like the following.
Figure 13: IP Address (Win 95)
Ensure your TCP/IP settings are correct, as follows:
Using DHCP
To use DHCP, select the radio button Obtain an IP Address automatically. This is the default
Windows setting. Using this is recommended . By default, the Wireless Router will act as a
DHCP Server.
Restart your PC to ensure it obtains an IP Address from the Wireless Router.
Using "Specify an IP Address"
If your PC is already configured, check with your network administrator before making the
following changes:
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Wireless Router User Guide
• On the Gateway tab, enter the Wireless Router's IP address in the New Gateway field and
click Add, as shown below. Your LAN administrator can advise you of the IP Address they
assigned to the Wireless Router.
Figure 14: Gateway Tab (Win 95/98)
• On the DNS Configuration tab, ensure Enable DNS is selected. If the DNS Server Search
Order list is empty, enter the DNS address provided by your ISP in the fields beside the
Add button, then click Add.
Figure 15: DNS Tab (Win 95/98)
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PC Configuration
Checking TCP/IP Settings - Windows NT4.0
1. Select Contro l Panel - Network, and, on the Protocols tab, select the TCP/IP protocol, as
shown below.
Figure 16: Windows NT4.0 - TCP/IP
2. Click the Properties button to see a screen like the one below.
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Wireless Router User Guide
Figure 17: Win dows NT4.0 - IP Address
3. Select the network card for your LAN.
4. Select the appropriate radio button - Obtain an IP address from a DHCP Server or Specify
an IP Address, as explained below.
Obtain an IP address from a DHCP Server
This is the default Windows se tting. Using this is recommended. By default, the Wireless
Router will act as a DHCP Server.
Restart your PC to ensure it obtains an IP Address from the Wireless Router.
Specify an IP Address
If your PC is already configured, check with your network admini strator before making the
following changes.
1. The Default Gateway must be set to the IP address of the Wireless Router. To set this:
• Click the Advanced button on the screen above.
• On the following screen, click the Add button in the Gateways panel, and enter the
Wireless Router's IP address, as shown in Figure 18 below.
• If necessary, use the Up button to make the Wireless Router the first entry in the
Gateways list.
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PC Configuration
Figure 18 - Windows NT4.0 - Add Gateway
2. The DNS should be set to the address provided by your ISP, as follows:
• Click the DNS tab.
• On the DNS screen, shown below, click the Add button (under DNS Service Search
Order), and enter the DNS provided by your ISP.
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Wireless Router User Guide
Figure 19: Windows NT4.0 - DNS
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PC Configuration
Checking TCP/IP Settings - Windows 2000:
1. Select Control Panel - Network and Dial-up Connection.
2. Right - click the Local Area Connection icon and select Properties. You should see a
screen like the following:
Figure 20: Network Configuration (Win 2000)
3. Select the TCP/IP protocol for your network card.
4. Click on the Properties button. You should then see a screen like the following.
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Wireless Router User Guide
Figure 21: TCP/IP Properties (Win 2000)
5. Ensure your TCP/IP settings are correct, as described below.
Using DHCP
To use DHCP, select the radio button Obtain an IP Address automatically. This is the default
Windows setting. Using this is recommended . By default, the Wireless Router will act as a
DHCP Server.
Restart your PC to ensure it obtains an IP Address from the Wireless Router.
Using a fixed IP Address ("Use the following IP Address")
If your PC is already configured, check with your network administrator before making the
following changes.
• Enter the Wireless Router's IP address in the Default gateway field and click OK. (Your
LAN administrator can advise you of the IP Address they assigned to the Wireless Router.)
• If the DNS Server fields are empty, select Use the following DNS server addresses, and
enter the DNS address or addresses provided by your ISP, then click OK.
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PC Configuration
Checking TCP/IP Settings - Windows XP
1. Select Control Panel - Network Connection.
2. Right click the Local Area Connection and choose Properties. You should see a screen
like the following:
Figure 22: Network Configuration (Windows XP)
3. Select the TCP/IP protocol for your network card.
4. Click on the Properties button. You should then see a screen like the following.
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Wireless Router User Guide
Figure 23: TCP/IP Properties (Windows XP)
5. Ensure your TCP/IP settings are correct.
Using DHCP
To use DHCP, select the radio button Obtain an IP Address automatically. This is the default
Windows setting. Using this is recommended . By default, the Wireless Router will act as a
DHCP Server.
Restart your PC to ensure it obtains an IP Address from the Wireless Router.
Using a fixed IP Address ("Use the following IP Address")
If your PC is already configured, check with your network administrator before making the
following changes.
• In the Default gateway field, enter the Wireless Router's IP address and click OK. Your
LAN administrator can advise you of the IP Address they assigned to the Wireless Router.
• If the DNS Server fields are empty, select Use the following DNS server addresses, and
enter the DNS address or addresses provided by your ISP, then click OK.
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PC Configuration
Internet Access
To configure your PCs to use the Wireless Router for Internet access:
• Ensure that the DSL modem, Cable modem, or other permanent connection is functional.
• Use the following procedure to configure your Browser to access the Internet via the LAN,
rather than by a Dial -up connection.
For Windows 9x/ME/2000
1. Select Start Menu - Settings - Control Panel - Internet Options .
2. Select the Connection tab, and click the Setup button.
3. Select "I want to set up my Internet connection manually, or I want to connect through a
local area network (LAN)" and click Next.
4. Select "I connect through a local area network (LAN)" and click Next.
5. Ensure all of the boxes on the following Local area network Internet Configuration screen
are unchecked.
6. Check the "No" option when prompted "Do you want to set up an Internet mail account
now?".
7. Click Finish to close the Internet Connection Wizard.
Setup is now completed.
For Windows XP
1. Select Start Menu - Control Panel - Network and Internet Connections .
2. Select Set up or change your Internet Connection.
3. Select the Connection tab, and click the Setup button.
4. Cancel the pop-up "Location Information" screen.
5. Click Next on the "New Connection Wizard" scr een.
6. Select "Connect to the Internet" and click Next.
7. Select "Set up my connection manually" and click Next.
8. Check "Connect using a broadband connection that is always on" and click Next.
9. Click Finish to close the New Connection Wizard.
Setup is now completed.
Accessing AOL
To access AOL (America On Line) through the Wireless Router, the AOL for Windows sof tware
must be configured to use TCP/IP network access, rather than a dial -up connection. The
configuration process is as follows:
• Start the AOL for Windows communication software. Ensure that it is Version 2.5, 3.0 or
later. This procedure will not work with earlier versions.
• Click the Setup button.
• Select Create Location, and change the location name from "New Locality" to "Wireless
Router".
• Click Edit Location. Select TCP/IP for the Network field. (Leave the Phone Number blank.)
• Click Save, then OK.
Configuration is now complete.
• Before clicking "Sign On", always ensure that you are using the "Wireless Router" location.
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Wireless Router User Guide
Macintosh Clients
From your Maci ntosh, you can access the Internet via the Wireless Router. The procedure is as
follows.
1. Open the TCP/IP Control Panel.
2. Select Ethernet from the Connect via pop-up menu.
3. Select Using DHCP Server from the Configure pop-up menu. The DHCP Client ID field can
be left blank.
4. Close the TCP/IP panel, saving your settings.
Note:
If using manually assigned IP addresses instead of DHCP, the required changes are:
• Set the Router Address field to the Wireless Router's IP Address.
• Ensure your DNS settings are correct.
Linux Clients
To access the Internet via the Wireless Router, it is only necessary to set the Wireless Router
as the "Gateway".
Ensure you are logged in as "root" before attempting any changes.
Fixed IP Address
By default, most Unix installations use a fixed IP Address. If you wish to continue using a fixed
IP Address, make the following changes to your configuration.
• Set your "Default Gateway" to the IP Address of the Wireless Router.
• Ensure your DNS (Name server) settings are correct.
To act as a DHCP Client (recommended)
The procedure below may vary according to your version of Linux and X -windows shell.
1. Start your X Windows client.
2. Select Control Panel - Network
3. Select the "Interface" entry for your Network card. Normally, this will be called "eth0".
4. Click the Edit button, set the "protocol" to "DHCP", and save this data.
5. To apply your changes
• Use the "Deactivate" and "Activate" buttons, if available.
• OR, restart your system.
Other Unix Systems
To access the Internet via the Wireless Router:
• Ensure the "Gateway" field for your network card is set to the IP Address of the Wireless
Router.
• Ensure your DNS (Name Server) settings are correct.
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PC Configuration
Wireless Station Configuration
This section applies to all Wireless stations wishing to use the Wireless Router's Access Point,
regardless of the operating system which is used on the client.
To use the Wireless Access Point in the Wireless Router, each Wireless Station must have
compatible settings, as follows:
Mode The mode must be set to Infrastructure.
Most wireless stations will select the correct mode automatically.
SSID (ESSID) This must match the value used on the Wireless Router. The default
value is default
Note! The SSID is case sensitive.
Wireless
Security
Note:
By default, the Wireless Router will allow both 802.11b and 802.11g connections.
By default, Wireless security on the Wireless Router is di sabled.
• If Wireless security remains disabled on the Wireless Router, all
stations must have wireless security di sabled.
• If Wireless security is enabled on the Wireless Router (either WEP or
WPA-PSK), each station must use the same settings as the Wireless
Router.
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Chapter 5
5
Operation and Status
This Chapter details the operation of the Wireless Router and the status
screens.
Operation
Once both the Wireless Router and the PCs are configured, operation is automatic.
However, there are some situations where additional Internet configuration may be required:
• If using Internet-based Communication Applications, it may be necessary to specify
which PC receives an incoming connection. Refer to Chapter 6 - Advanced Features for
further details.
• Applications which use non-standard connections or port numbers may be blocked by the
Wireless Router's built-in firewall. You can define such applications as Special Applica-
tions to allow them to function normally. Refer to Chapter 6 - Advanced Features for
further details.
• Some non-standard applications may require use of the DMZ feature. Refer to Chapter 6 -
Advanced Features for further details.
Status Screen
Use the Status link on the main menu to view this screen.
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Figure 24: Status Screen
Operation and Status
Data - Status Screen
Internet
Connection Method This indicates the current connection method, as set in the Setup
Wizard or WAN Port screen.
Broadband Modem This indicates whether a connection to the Broadband Modem
(attached to the WAN port) currently exists. If this indicates "No
Connection" then the Broadband Modem is Off or failed, or is not
correctly attached to the Wireless Router.
Internet Connection Current connection status:
• Active - Connection exists
• Idle - No current connection, but no error has been detected.
This condition normally arises when an idle connection is
automatically terminated.
• Failed - The connection was terminated abnormally. This
could be caused by Modem failure, or the loss of the connection to the ISP's server..
If there is an error, you can click the "Connection Details" button
to find out more information.
Internet IP Address This IP Address is allocated by the ISP (Internet Service Provider).
If using a dynamic IP address, and no connection currently exists,
this information is unavailable.
WAN MTU Displays the current value of MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit).
The MTU determines the size of TCP/IP packets used for the
Internet connection. This rarely needs to be changed. If you do
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Wireless Router User Guide
need to change it, this setting is on the WAN Port screen.
Connection Details
Button
Click this button to open a sub-window and view a detailed
description of the current connection. Depending on the type of
connection, a "Connection Log" may also be available.
LAN
IP Address The IP Address of the Wireless Router.
Network Mask The Network Mask (Subnet Mask) for the IP Address above.
DHCP Server This shows the status of the DHCP Server function - either "En-
abled" or "Disabled".
For additional information about the PCs on your LAN, and the IP
addresses allocated to them, use the PC Database option on the
Administration menu.
Wireless
Network Name The current Network name or SSID. If using an ESS (Extended
Service Set, with multiple access points) this ID is called an ESSID
(Extended Service Set Identifier).
Band/Mode The current band (24.GHz or 5GHz) and 802.11 mode are displayed
here.
Security This indicates the Wireless security system currently used.
System
Device Name This displays the current name of the Wireless Router.
Firmware Version The current version of the firmware installed in the Wireless
Router.
Buttons
Connection Details View the details of the current Internet connection. The sub-
screen displayed will depend on the connection method used. See
the following sections for details of each sub-screen.
System Data Open a sub-window containing additional data about the system
status and configuration.
Restart Clicking this button will restart (reboot) the Wireless Router. All
existing connections though the Wireless Router will be term inated, but will usually re-connect automatically.
Refresh Screen Update the data displayed on screen.
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Operation and Status
Connection Status - PPPoE
If using PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet), a screen like the following example will be displayed when
the "Connection Details" button is clicked.
Figure 25: PPPoE Status Screen
Data - PPPoE Screen
Connection
Physical Ad dress The hardware address of this device, as seen by remote devices
on the Internet. (This is different to the hardware address seen by
devices on the local LAN.)
IP Address The IP Address of this device, as seen by Internet users. This
address is allocated by your ISP (Internet Service Provider).
Network Mask The Network Mask associated with the IP Address above.
PPPoE Link Status This indicates whether or not the connection is currently estab-
lished.
• If the connection does not exist, the "Connect" button can be
used to establish a connection.
• If the connection currently exists, the "Disconnect" button
can be used to break the connection.
Connection Log
Connection Log
• The Connection Log shows status messages relating to the
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Wireless Router User Guide
existing connection.
• The most common messages are listed in the table below.
• The "Clear Log" button will restart the Log, while the Refresh
button will update the messages shown on screen.
Buttons
Connect If not connected, establish a connection to your ISP.
Disconnect If connected to your ISP, hang up the connection.
Clear Log Delete all data currently in the Log. This will make it easier to read
new messages.
Refresh Update the data on screen.
Connection Log Messages
Message Description
Connect on Demand Connection attempt has been triggered by the "Connect
automatically, as required" setting.
Manual connection Connection attempt started by the "Connect" button.
Reset physical connection Preparing line for connection attempt.
Connecting to remote
server
Remote Server located ISP's Server has responded to connection attempt.
Start PPP Attempting to login to ISP's Server and establish a PPP con-
PPP up successfully Able to login to ISP's Server and establish a PPP connection.
Idle time-out reached The connection has been idle for the time period specified in
Disconnecting The current connection is being terminated, due to either the
Error: Remote Server not
found
Error: PPP Connection
failed
Error: Connection to Server
lost
Attempting to connect to the ISP's server.
nection.
the "Idle Time-out" field. The connection will now be term i-
nated.
"Idle Time-out" above, or "Disconnect" button being clicked.
ISP's Server did not respond. This could be a Server problem,
or a problem with the link to the Server.
Unable to establish a PPP connection with the ISP's Server.
This could be a login problem (name or password) or a Server
problem.
The existing connection has been lost. This could be caused
by a power failure, a link failure, or Server failure.
Error: Invalid or unknown
packet type
The data received from the ISP's Server could not be proc-
essed. This could be caused by data corruption (from a bad
link), or the Server using a protocol which is not supported by
this device.
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Operation and Status
Connection Status - PPTP
If using PPTP (Peer -to-Peer Tunneling Protocol), a screen like the following example will be
displayed when the "Connection Details" button is clicked.
Figure 26: PPTP Status Screen
Data - PPTP Screen
Connection
Physical Ad dress The hardware address of this device, as seen by remote devices on
the Internet. (This is different to the hardware address seen by devices on the local LAN.)
IP Address The IP Address of this device, as seen by Internet users. This ad-
dress is allocated by your ISP (Internet Service Provider).
Connection Status This indicates whether or not the connection is currently established.
• If the connection does not exist, the "Connect" button can be
used to establish a connection.
• If the connection currently exists, the "Disc onnect" button can
be used to break the connection.
Connection Log
Connection Log
• The Connection Log shows status messages relating to the
existing connection.
• The "Clear Log" button will restart the Log, while the Refresh
button will update the messages shown on screen.
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Wireless Router User Guide
Buttons
Connect If not connected, establish a connection to your ISP.
Disconnect If connected to your ISP, hang up the connection.
Clear Log Delete all data currently in the Log. This will make it easier to read new
messages.
Refresh Update the data on screen.
Connection Status - L2TP
If using L2TP, a screen like the following example will be displayed when the "Connection
Details" button is clicked.
Figure 27: L2TP Status Screen
Data - L2TP Screen
Connection
Physical Ad dress The hardware address of this device, as seen by remote devices on
the Internet. (This is different to the hardware address seen by devices on the local LAN.)
IP Address The IP Address of this device, as seen by Internet users. This ad-
dress is allocated by your ISP (Internet Service Provider).
Connection Status This indicates whether or not the connection is currently established.
• If the connection does not exist, the "Connect" button can be
used to establish a connection.
• If the connection currently exists, the "Disconnect" button can
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Operation and Status
be used to break the connection.
Connection Log
Connection Log
Buttons
Connect If not connected, establish a connection to your ISP.
Disconnect If connected to your ISP, hang up the connection.
Clear Log Delete all data currently in the Log. This will make it easier to read new
Refresh Update the data on screen.
• The Connection Log shows status messages relating to the
existing connection.
• The "Clear Log" button will restart the Log, while the Refresh
button will update the messages shown on screen.
messages.
Connection Status - Telstra Big Pond
An example screen is shown below.
Figure 28: Telstra Big Pond Status Screen
Data - Big Pond Screen
Connection
Physical Address The hardware address of this device, as seen by remote devices.
(This is different to the hardware address seen by devices on the
local LAN.)
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Wireless Router User Guide
IP Address The IP Address of this device, as seen by Internet users. This
address is allocated by your ISP (Internet Service Provider).
Connection Status This indicates whether or not the connection is currently estab-
lished.
• If the connection does not exist, the "Connect" button can be
used to establish a connection.
• If the connection currently exists, the "Disconnect" button can
be used to break the connection.
• Normally, it is not necessary to use the Connect and Discon-
nect buttons unless the setting "Connect automatically, as
required" is disabled.
Connection Log
Connection Log
• The Connection Log shows status messages relating to the
existing connection.
• The Clear Log button will restart the Log, while the Refresh
button will update the messages shown on screen.
Buttons
Connect If not connected, establish a connection to Telstra Big Pond.
Disconnect If connected to Telstra Big Pond, terminate the connection.
Clear Log Delete all data currently in the Log. This will make it easier to read
new messages.
Refresh Update the data on screen.
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Operation and Status
Connection Details - SingTel RAS
If using the SingTel RAS access method, a screen like the following example will be displayed
when the "Connection Details" button is clicked.
Figure 29: Connection Details - RAS
Data - RAS Screen
Internet
RAS Plan The RAS Plan which is currently used.
Physical Ad dress The hardware address of this device, as seen by remote devices on
the Internet. (This is different to the hardware address seen by devices on the local LAN.)
IP Address The IP Address of this device, as seen by Internet users. This ad-
dress is allocated by your ISP (Internet Service Provider).
Network Mask The Network Mask associated with the IP Address above.
Default Gateway The IP Address of the remote Gateway or Router associated with the
IP Address above.
DNS IP Ad dress The IP Address of the Domain Name Server which is currently used.
DHCP Client This will show "Enabled" or "Disabled", depending on whether or not
this device is functioning as a DHCP client.
If "Enabled" the "Remaining lease time" field indicates when the IP
Address allocated by the DHCP Server will expire. The lease is automatically renewed on expiry; use the "Renew" button if you wish to
manually renew the lease immediately.
Buttons
Release/Renew This button is only useful if the IP address shown above is allocated
automatically on connection. (Dynamic IP address). If you have a
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Wireless Router User Guide
Button will display
EITHER
"Release"
OR
"Renew"
Fixed (Static) IP address, this button has no effect.
• If the ISP's DHCP Server has NOT allocated an IP Address for the
Wireless Router, this button will say "Renew". Clicking the "R enew" button will attempt to re-establish the connection and
obtain an IP Address from the ISP's DHCP Server.
• If an IP Address has been allocated to the Wireless Router (by
the ISP's DHCP Server), this button will say "Release". Clicking
the "Release" button will break the connection and release the IP
Address.
Refresh Update the data shown on screen.
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Operation and Status
Connection Details - Fixed/Dynamic IP Address
If your access method is "Direct" (no login), a screen like the following example will be di splayed when the "Connection Details" button is clicked.
Figure 30: Connection Details - Fixed/Dynamic IP Address
Data - Fixed/Dynamic IP address Screen
Internet
Physical Ad dress The hardware address of this device, as seen by remote devices on
the Internet. (This is different to the hardware address seen by devices on the local LAN.)
IP Address The IP Address of this device, as seen by Internet users. This ad-
dress is allocated by your ISP (Internet Service Provi der).
Network Mask The Network Mask associated with the IP Address above.
Default Gateway The IP Address of the remote Gateway or Router associated with the
IP Address above.
DNS IP Ad dress The IP Address of the Domain Name Server which is currently used.
DHCP Client This will show "Enabled" or "Disabled", depending on whether or not
this device is functioning as a DHCP client.
If "Enabled" the "Remaining lease time" field indicates when the IP
Address allocated by the DHCP Server will expire. The lease is automatically renewed on expiry; use the "Renew" button if you wish to
manually renew the lease immediately.
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Wireless Router User Guide
Buttons
Release/Renew
Button will display
EITHER
"Release"
OR
"Renew"
This button is only useful if the IP address shown above is allocated
automatically on connection. (Dynamic IP address). If you have a
Fixed (Static) IP address, this button has no effect.
• If the ISP's DHCP Server has NOT allocated an IP Address for the
Wireless Router, this button will say "Renew". Clicking the "R enew" button will attempt to re-establish the connection and
obtain an IP Address from the ISP's DHCP Server.
• If an IP Address has been allocated to the Wireless Router (by
the ISP's DHCP Server), this button will say "Release". Clicking
the "Release" button will break the connection and release the IP
Address.
Refresh Update the data shown on screen.
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Chapter 6
6
Advanced Features
This Chapter explains when and how to use the Wireless Router's
"Advanced" Features.
Overview
The following advanced features are provided.
• Access Control
• Dynamic DNS
• Advanced Internet
• Communication Applications
• Special Applications
• DMZ
• Multi-DMZ
• URL Filter
• Schedule
• User Groups
• Virtual Servers
• WAN Port
Access Control
This feature is accessed by the Access Control link on the Advanced menu.
Overview
The Access Control feature allows administrators to restrict the level of Internet Access avai lable to PCs on your LAN. With the default settings, everyone has unrestricted Internet access.
To use this feature:
1. Set the desired restrictions on the "Default" group. All PCs are in the "Default" group
unless explicitly moved to another group.
2. Set the desired restrictions on the other groups ("Group 1", "Group 2", "Group 3" and
"Group 4") as needed.
3. Assign PC to the groups as required.
Restrictions are imposed by blocking "Services", or types of
connections. All common Services are pre -defined.
If required, you can also define your own Services.
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Access Control Screen
To view this screen, select the Access Control link on the Advanced menu.
Figure 31: Access Control Screen
Data - Access Control Screen
Group
Group Select the desired Group. The screen will update to display the
settings for the selected Group. Groups are named "Default",
"Group 1", "Group 2", "Group 3" and "Group 4", and cannot be renamed.
Internet Access
Restrictions Select the desired options for the current group:
• None - Nothing is blocked. Use this to create the least restric-
tive group.
• Block all Internet access - All traffic via the WAN port is
blocked. Use this to create the most restrictive group.
• Block selected Services - You can select which Services are to
block. Use this to gain fine control over the Internet access for
a group.
Block by Schedule If Internet access is being blocked, you can choose to apply the
blocking only during scheduled times. (If access is not blocked, no
Scheduling is possible, and this setting has no effect.)
You can define or modify the Schedule using the Schedule option
on the Advanced menu.
Services This lists all defined Services. Select the Services you wish to block.
To select multiple services, hold the CTRL key while selecting. (On
the Macintosh, hold the SHIFT key rather than CTRL.)
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Edit Service List
Button
If you wish to define additional Services, or manage the Service list,
click this button to open the "Services" screen.
Buttons
Edit Service List If you wish to define additional Services, or manage the Service list,
click this button to open the "Services" screen.
Save Save the data on screen.
Cancel Reverse any changes made since the last "Save".
View Log Click this to open a sub-window where you can view the "Access
Control" log. This log shows attempted Internet accesses which
have been blocked by the Access Control feature.
Clear Log Click this to clear and restart the "Access Control" log, making new
entries easier to read.
Refresh Update the data on screen.
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Services Screen
This screen is displayed when the Edit Service List button on the Access Control screen is
clicked.
Figure 32: Access Control - Services
Data - Services Screen
Available Services
Available Services This lists all the available services.
"Delete" button Use this to delete any Service you have added. Pre-defined Services
can not be deleted.
Add New Service
Name Enter a descriptive name to identify this service.
Type Select the protocol (TCP, UDP, ICMP) used to the remote system or
service.
Start Port For TCP and UDP Services, enter the beginning of the range of port
numbers used by the ser vice. If the service uses a single port number,
enter it in both the "Start" and "Finish" fields.
Finish Port For TCP and UDP Services, enter the end of the range of port num-
bers used by the service. If the service uses a single port number,
enter it in both the "Start" and "Finish" fields.
ICMP Type For ICMP Services, enter the type number of the required service.
Buttons
Delete Delete the selected service from the list.
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Save Add a new entry to the Service list, using the data shown in the "Add
New Service" area on screen.
Cancel Clear the " Add New Service " area, ready for entering data for a new
Service.
Access Control Log
To check the operation of the Access Control feature, an Access Control Log is provided. Click
the View Log button on the Access Control screen to view this log.
This log shows attempted Internet accesses which have been blocked by the Access Control
function.
Data shown in this log is as follows:
Date/Time Date and Time of the attempted access.
Name If known, the name of the PC whose access was blocked.
Source IP address The IP Address of the PC or device whose access request was
blocked
MAC address The hardware or physical address of the PC or device whose access
request was blocked
Destination The destination URL or IP address
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Dynamic DNS (Domain Name Server)
This free service is very useful when combined with the Virtual Server feature. It allows Internet users to connect to your Virtual Servers using a URL, rather than an IP Address.
This also solves the problem of having a dynamic IP address. With a dynamic IP address, your
IP address may change whenever you connect, which makes it difficult to connect to you.
The Service works as follows:
1. You must register for the service at one of the listed DDNS Service Providers.
2. After registration, follow the service provider's procedure to request a Domain Name and
have it allocated to you.
3. Enter your DDNS data on the Wireless Router's DDNS screen.
4. The Wireless Router will then automatically ensure that your current IP Address is re-
corded at the DDNS server.
If the DDNS Service provides software to perform this "IP address update"; you should
disable the "Update" function, or not use the software at all.
5. From the Internet, users will be able to connect to your Virtual Servers (or DMZ PC) using
your Domain Name.
Dynamic DNS Screen
Select Advanced on the main menu, then Dynamic DNS, to see a screen like the following:
Figure 33: DDNS Screen
Data - Dynamic DNS Screen
DDNS Service
DDNS Service
Select the desired DDNS Service provider.
Web Site
Button
Click this button to open a new window and connect to the Web site
for the selected DDNS service provider.
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DDNS Status
• This message is returned by the DDNS Server.
• Normally, this message should be something like "Update suc-
cessful" (current IP address was updated on the DDNS server).
• If the message is "No host", this indicates the host name entered
was not allocated to you. If you see this, or some other error
message, you need to contact the DDNS Service and correct the
problem.
DDNS Data
User Name Enter your Username for the DDNS Service.
Password/Key Enter your current password for the DDNS Service.
Domain Name Enter the domain name allocated to you by the DDNS Service. If you
have more than one name, enter the name you wish to use.
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Advanced Internet Screen
This screen allows configuration of all advanced features relating to Internet access.
• Communication Applications
• Special Applications
• DMZ
• Multi-DMZ
An exam ple screen is shown below.
Figure 34: Internet Screen
Communication Applications
Most applications are supported transparently by the Broadband Router. But sometimes it is
not clear which PC should receive an incoming connection. This problem could arise with the
Communication Applications listed on this screen.
If this problem arises, you can use this screen to set which PC should receive an incoming
connection, as described below.
Communication Applications
Select an Application This lists applications which may generate incoming connections,
where the destination PC (on your local LAN) is unknown.
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Send incoming calls to This lists the PCs on your LAN.
• If necessary, you can add PCs manually, using the "PC
Database" option on the advanced menu.
• For each applicati on listed above, you can choose a destina-
tion PC.
• There is no need to "Save" after each change; you can set the
destination PC for each application, then click "Save".
Special Applications
If you use Internet applications which use non-standard connections or port numbers, you may
find that they do not function correctly because they are blocked by the Wireless Router's
firewall. In this case, you can define the application as a "Special Application".
Special Applications Screen
This screen can be reached by clicking the Special Applications button on the Internet screen.
You can then define your Special Applications. You will need detailed information about the
application; this is normally available from the supplier of the application.
Also, note that the terms "Incoming" and "Outgoing" on this screen refer to traffic from the
client (PC) viewpoint
Figure 35: Special Applications Screen
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Data - Special Applications Screen
Checkbox Use this to Enable or Disable this Special Application as required.
Name Enter a descriptive name to identify this Special Application.
Incoming
Ports
Outgoing
Ports
• Type - Select the protocol (TCP or UDP) used when you receive data
from the special application or service. (Note: Some applications use di fferent pr otocols for outgoing and incoming data).
• Start - Enter the beginning of the range of port numbers used by the
application server, for data you receive. If the application uses a single
port number, enter it in both the "Start" and "Finish" fields.
• Finish - Enter the end of the range of port numbers used by the applica-
tion server, for data you receive.
• Type - Select the protocol (TCP or UDP) used when you send data to the
remote system or service.
• Start - Enter the beginning of the range of port numbers used by the
application server, for data you send to it. If the application uses a single
port number, enter it in both the "Start" and "Finish" fields.
• Finish - Enter the end of the range of port numbers used by the applica-
tion server, for data you send to it. If the application uses a single port
number, enter it in both the "Start" and "Finish" fields.
Using a Special Application
• Configure the Special Applications screen as required.
• On your PC, use the application normally. Remember that only one (1) PC can use each
Special application at any time. Also, when 1 PC is finished using a particular Special Application, there may need to be a "Time-out" before another PC can use the same Special
Application. The "Time-out" period may be up to 3 m inutes.
If an application still cannot function correctly,
try using the "DMZ" feature.
DMZ
• The "DMZ" PC will receive all "Unknown" connections and data. This feature is normally
used with applications which do not usually work when behind a Firewall.
• The DMZ PC is effectively outside the Firewall, making it more vulnerable to attacks. For
this reason, you should only enable the DMZ feature when required.
• If Enabled, you must select the PC to be used as the "DMZ" PC.
Select the desired option
• Disabled - DMZ is disabled.
• Enabled - The selected PC is a standard PC on your LAN, but it will receive any "unknown"
connections and data, as described above.
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Multi-DMZ
This feature is only available if your ISP has allocated you multiple Internet IP addresses.
If you have multiple Internet IP addresses, you can assign one DMZ PC for each Internet IP
address.
• The "DMZ PC" will receive all "Unknown" connections and data received for the Internet
IP address associated with it.
• All outgoing traffic from the DMZ PC will be assigned the WAN IP address associated
with it, rather than the shared IP address on the WAN port. Note that ONLY the DMZ PC
will use the WAN (Internet) IP address you enter on this screen.
To use this feature:
• Enter an IP address allocated to you by your ISP into the WAN IP address field.
• Select the PC to be the DMZ PC for traffic sent to this IP address.
• Enable this DMZ.
The "DMZ PC" is effectively outside the Firewall, making it more vulnerable to attacks. For this reason, you
should only enable the DMZ feature when required.
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URL Filter
The URL Filter allows you to block access to undesirable Web site
• To use this feature, you must define "filter strings". If the "filter string" appears in a re-
quested URL, the request is blocked.
• Enabling the URL Filter also affects the Internet Access Log. If Enabled, the "Destination"
field in the log will display the URL. Otherwise, it will display the IP Address.
URL Filter Screen
Click the "URL Filter" on the Advanced screen to access the URL Filter sc reen. An example
screen is shown below.
Figure 36: URL Filter Screen
Data - URL Filter Screen
Settings
Enable This lists any existing entries. If you have not entered any values, this
list will be empty.
Schedule If you always want filtering to be active, select "Always".
Otherwise, select the schedule to use. You can define the schedule
using the Schedule menu option, on the Advanced menu.
Apply Filter to Select the groups you wish the filter to apply to. Group membership can
be set on the "User Groups" screen, on the "Administration" menu.
Filter Strings
Filter Strings This lists any existing entries. If you have not entered any values, this
list will be empty.
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Delete Use this to delete the selected entry or entries, as required. Multiple
entries can be selected by holding down the CTRL key while selecting.
(On the Macintosh, hold the SHIFT key while selecting.)
Delete All Use this button to delete all entries, if required.
Add Filter
Filter String To add an entry to the list, enter it here, and click the "Add" button.
An entry may be a Domain name (e.g. www.trash.com) or simply a string
(e.g. ads/ )
Any URL which contains ANY entry ANYWHERE in the URL will be
blocked.
Add
Use this to add the entry in the "Filter String" above to the list.
Button
Add Filter
Delete/Delete All Use these buttons to delete the selected entry or all entries, as required.
Multiple entries can be selected by holding down the CTRL key while
selecting.(On the Macintosh, hold the SHIFT key while selecting.)
Add Use this to add the current Filter String to the site list.
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Define Schedule
The schedule can be used for the Access Control and URL Filter features.
• Two (2) separate sessions or periods can be defined.
• Times must be entered using a 24 hr clock.
• If the time for a particular day is blank, no action will be performed.
Figure 37: Define Schedule Screen
Data – Define Schedule Screen
Day Each day of the week can scheduled independently.
Session 1
Session 2
Start Time Enter the start using a 24 hr clock.
Finish Time Enter the finish time using a 24 hr clock.
Two (2) separate sessions or periods can be defined. Session 2 can be
left blank if not required.
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User Groups
User Groups are used by the Access Control and the URL Filter features.
• Groups are pre-named "Default", "Group 1", "Group 2", "Group 3" and "Group 4", and
cannot be renamed.
• All PCs are in the "Default" group, unless moved to another group.
• A PC can be a member of 1 group only.
• PCs must be in the "PC Database". If required, you can manually add PCs to the PC Data-
base, using the PC Database option on the Administration menu.
Figure 38: User Groups Screen
Data – User Groups Screen
Group List Select the desired Group. The screen will update to display the PCs for
the selected Group.
Group Members This lists all PCs, which are currently members of the selected group.
Other PCs This lists all other PCs – those , which are not currently members of the
selected group.
Del >> Use this button to remove members from the current Group.
Select the members you wish to delete from this group, and click this
button. (Members can not be deleted from the "D efault" group.)
<< Add Use this button to add members to the current Group.
In the "Other PCs" list, select the members you wish to add to this
group, and click this button. The PCs will be moved from their existing
group to the current group.
PCs not assigned to any group will be in the "Default" group.
PCs deleted from any other Group will be added to the "Default" group.
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Virtual Servers
This feature, sometimes called Port Forwarding, allows you to make Servers on your LAN
accessible to Internet users. Normally, Internet users would not be able to access a server on
your LAN because:
• Your Server does not have a valid external IP Address.
• Attempts to connect to devices on your LAN are blocked by the firewall in this device.
The "Virtual Server" feature solves these problems and allows Internet users to connect to your
servers, as illustrated below.
Figure 39: Virtual Servers
IP Address seen by Internet Users
Note that, in this illustration, both Internet users are connecting to the same IP Address, but
using different protocols.
To Internet users, all virtua l Servers on your LAN have the same IP Address. This
IP Address is allocated by your ISP.
This address should be static, rather than dynamic, to make it easier for Internet users to connect to your Servers.
However, you can use the DDNS (Dynamic DNS) feature to allow users to connect to your
Virtual Servers using a URL, instead of an IP Address.
Virtual Servers Screen
The Virtual Servers screen is reached by the Virtual Servers link on the Advanced screen. An
example screen is shown below.
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Figure 40: Virtual Servers Screen
This screen lists a number of pre-defined Servers, and allows you to define your own Servers.
Details of the selected Server are shown in the "Properties" area.
Data - Virtual Servers Screen
Servers
Servers This lists a number of pre-defined Servers, plus any Servers you
have defined. Details of the selected Server are shown in the "Properties" area.
Properties
Enable Use this to Enable or Disable support for this Server, as required.
• If Enabled, any incoming connections will be forwarded to the
selected PC.
• If Disabled, any incoming connection attempts will be blocked.
PC (Server) Select the PC for this Server. The PC must be running the appropri-
ate Server software.
Protocol Select the protocol (TCP or UDP) used by the Server.
Internal Ports Enter the range of port numbers which the Server software is con-
figured to use. If only 1 port number is required, enter it in both the
start and finish fields.
External Ports The port numbers used by Internet users when connecting to the
Server. These are normally the same as the Internal Port Numbers. If
it is different, this device will perform a "mapping" or "translation"
function, allowing the server to use one port address, while clients
use a different port address.
Buttons
Defaults This will delete any Servers you have defined, and set the pre-
defined Servers to use their default port numbers.
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Disable All This will cause the "Enable" setting of all Virtual Servers to be set
OFF.
Update Selected
Server
Add as new Server Add a new entry to the Virtual Server list, using the data shown in
Delete Delete the current Virtual Server entry. Note that the pre-defined
Clear Form Clear all data from the "Properties" area, ready for input of a new
Update the current Virtual Server entry, using the data shown in the
"Properties" area on screen.
the "Properties" area on screen. The entry selected in the list is
ignored, and has no effect.
Servers can not be deleted. Only Servers you have defined yourself
can be deleted.
V irtual Server entry.
For each entry, the PC must be running the
appropriate Server software.
Defining your own Virtual Servers
If the type of Server you wish to use is not listed on the Virtual Servers screen, you can define
and manage your own Server s:
Create a new Server: 1. Click "Clear Form"
2. Enter the required data, as described above.
3. Click "Add".
4. The new Server will now appear in the list.
Modify (Edit) a Server: 1. Select the desired Server from the list
2. Make any desired changes (for example, change the
Enable/Disable setting).
3. Click "Update" to save changes to the selected Server.
Delete a Server: 1. Select the entry from the list.
2. Click "Delete".
Note: You can only delete Servers you have defined. Pre-
defined Server cannot be deleted.
From the Internet, ALL Virtual Servers have the IP
Address allocated by your ISP.
Connecting to the Virtual Servers
Once configured, anyone on the Internet can connect to your Virtual Servers. They must use
the Internet IP Address (the IP Address allocated to you by your ISP).
e.g.
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http://203.70.212.52
ftp://203.70.212.52
It is more convenient if you are using a Fixed IP Address from your ISP, rather than Dynamic.
However, you can use the Dynamic DNS feature, described in the following section, to allow
users to connect to your Virtual Servers using a URL, rather than an IP Address.
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WAN Port Configuration
The WAN Port option is on the Advanced menu.
Figure 41: WAN Port Screen
Data – WAN Port Screen
Port Settings
Port Speed Normally, thi s can be left at "Automatic". If the device attached to the
WAN Port has problems making a connection, you can select the
setting required or preferred by the other device.
MTU Size
Identification
Hostname
Domain Name
• MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) value should only be
changed if advised to do so by Technical Support.
• Enter a value between 1 and 1500.
• This device will still auto-negotiate with the remote server, to set
the MTU size. The smaller of the 2 values (auto-negotiated, or entered here) will be used.
• For direct connections (not PPPoE or PPTP), the MTU used is
always 1500.
Normally, there is no need to change the default name, but if your ISP
requests that you use a particular Hostname, enter it here.
If your ISP provided a domain name, enter it here. Otherwise, this may
be left blank.
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WAN Port MAC
Address
Also called Network Adapter Address or Physical Address. This is a
low-level identifier, as seen from the WAN port.
Normally there is no need to change this, but some ISPs require a
particular value, often that of the PC initially used for Internet access.
Y ou can use the Copy from PC button to copy your PC's address into
this field, the Default button to insert the default value, or enter a
value directly.
IP Address
Automatic Also called Dynamic IP Address. This is the default, and the most
common.
Leave this selected if your ISP allocates an IP Address to the Wireless Router upon connection.
Specified IP Address
Also called Static IP Address. Select this if your ISP has allocated you
a fixed IP Address. If this option is selected, the following data must
be entered.
• IP Address
The IP Address allocated by the ISP.
• Network Mask (Not required for PPPoE)
This is also supplied by your ISP. It must be compatible with the
IP Address above.
• Gateway IP Address (Not required for PPPoE)
The address of the router or gateway, as supplied by your ISP.
DNS
Automatically
ob tain from Serve
The DNS (Domain Name Server) address will be obtained automatically from your ISP's server.
Note that if using a fixed IP address, with no login (login is set to
"None"), then no Server is used, so this option cannot be used.
Use this DNS If this option is selected, you must enter the IP address of the DNS
(Domain Name Server) you wish to use.
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Login
Login Method If your ISP does not use a login method (username, password) for
Internet access, leave this at the default value None (Direct connec-
tion). Otherwise, check the documentation from your ISP, select the
login method used, and enter the required data.
• PPPoE - this is the most common login method, widely used with
DSL modems. Normally, your ISP will have provided some sof tware to connect and login. This software is no longer required,
and should not be used.
• PPPoE (Unnumbered IP) - this can only be used if your ISP
supports this system, and has allocated you multiple IP addresses. If selected, you must also select "Specified IP Address"
above and enter one of the IP addresses allocated to you by your
ISP. The other IP addresses must be assigned to PCs on your
LAN.
• PPTP - this is mainly used in Europe. You need to know the
PPTP Server address as well as your name and password.
• L2TP - this is not widely used. You need to know the PPTP
Server address as well as your name and password.
• Big Pond Cable - for Australia only.
• SingTel RAS - for Singapore only.
Login User Name The User Name (or account name) provided by your ISP.
Login Password Enter the password for the login name above.
RAS Plan For SingTel customers only, select the RAS plan you are on.
Server Address This is not required for PPPoE or SingTel RAS.
For PPTP, L2TP and BPA, enter the Server address as pr ovided by
your ISP.
Connection
Behavior
Select the desired option:
• Automatic Connect/Disconnect
An Internet connection is automatically made when required, and
disconnected when idle for the time period specified by the
"Auto-disconnect Idle Time-out".
• Manual Connect/Disconnect
You must manually establish and terminate the connection.
• Keep alive (maintain connection)
The connection will never be disconnected by this device. If di sconnected by your ISP, the connection will be re-established
immediately. (However, this does not ensure that your Internet IP
address will remain unchanged.)
Auto-disconnect
Idle Time-out
This field has no effect unless using the Automatic Connect/Disconnect setting.
If using this setting, enter the desired idle time-out period (in
minutes). After the connection to your ISP has been idle for this
time period, the connection will be terminated.
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Buttons
Default Inserts the default MAC address into the MAC address field. You
must click "Save" to actually change the address used.
Copy from PC Inserts the MAC address from your PC into the MAC address field.
You must click "Save" to actually change the address used.
Save
Cancel
Save your changes to the Broadband Router.
Reverse any changes made since the last "Save".
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Chapter 7
7
Advanced Administration
This Chapter explains the settings available via the "Administration" section
of the menu.
Overview
Normally, it is not necessary to use these screens, or change any settings. These screens and
settings are provided to deal with non-standard situations, or to provide additional options for
advanced users.
The available settings and features are:
Config File Backup or restore the configuration file for the Wireless Router This file
contains all the configuration data.
Logs View or clear all logs, set E -Mailing of log files.
Network Dia g-
nostics
Options Various options, such as backup DNS and UPnP.
PC Database This is the list of PCs shown when you select the "DMZ PC" or a "Virtual
Remote
Administration
Routing Only required if your LAN has other Routers or Gateways.
Security Firewall and other security-related settings. Normally, the default se ttings
Firmware
Upgrade
Ping, DNS Lookup.
Server". This database is maintained automatically, but you can add and
delete entries for PCs which use a Fixed (Static) IP Address.
Allow settings to be changed from the Internet.
do not need to be changed.
Upgrade the Firmware (software) inst alled in your Broadband Router.
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Advanced Administration
Config File
This feature allows you to download the current settings from the Wireless Router, and save
them to a file on your PC.
You can restore a previously-downloaded configuration file to the Wireless Router, by uploading it to the Wireless Router.
This screen also allows you to set the Wireless Router back to its factory default configur ation.
Any existing settings will be deleted.
An example Config File screen is shown below.
Figure 42: Config Screen
Data - Config File Screen
Backup Config Use this to download a copy of the current configuration, and store the
file on your PC. Click Download to start the download.
Restore Config This allows you to restore a previously-saved configuration file back to
the Wireless Router
Click Browse to select the configuration file, then click Restore to
upload the configuration file.
WARNING !
Uploading a configuration file will destroy (overwrite) ALL of the
existing settings.
Default Config Clicking the Restore Defaults button will reset the Wireless Router to its
factory default settings.
WARNING !
This will delete ALL of the existing settings.
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Logs
The Logs record various types of activity on the Wireless Router This data is useful for troubleshooting, but enabling all logs will generate a large amount of data and adversely affect
performance.
Since only a limited amount of log data can be stored in the Wireless Router, log data can also
be E -mailed to your PC.
Figure 43: Logs Screen
Data - Logs Screen
Enable Logs
Outgoing
Connections
Access Control If enabled, the log will include attempted outgoing connections
DoS Attacks If enabled, this log will show details of DoS (Denial of Service)
Timezone Select the correct Timezone for your location. This is required for
View Log Button Use this to view each log, as required.
If selected, Outgoing Internet connections are logged. Normally,
the (Internet) "Destination" will be shown as an IP address. But if
the "URL Filter" is enabled, the "Destination" will be shown as a
URL.
which have been blocked by the "Access Control" feature.
attacks which have been blocked by the built-in Firewall.
the date/time shown on the logs to be correct.
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Advanced Administration
Clear Log Button Use this to restart the required log. This makes it easier to read the
latest entries.
E-Mail Alerts
Send E -mail alert.. If enabled, an E-mail will be sent immediately if a DoS (Denial of
Service) attack is detected. If enabled, the E -mail address information (below) must be provided.
E-Mail Logs
Send Logs Select the desired option for sending the log by E -mail.
• Never - E -mailing of Logs is disabled.
• When log is full - The time is not fixed. The log will be sent
when the log is full, which will depend on the volume of traffic.
• Every day, Every Monday ... - The log is sent on the interval
specified.
• If "Every day" is selected, the log is sent at the time
specified.
• If the day is specified, the log is sent once per week, on
the specified day.
• Select the time of day you wish the E -mail to be sent.
• If the log is full before the time specified to send it, it will
be sent regardless.
Include Enabled the logs you wish to send. If no checkboxes are enabled,
no logs will be sent.
For each type of log, you can set the "Subject" field which is
displayed in your inbox when you receive the mail.
E-Mail Address
E-mail Address Enter the E -mail address the Log is to be sent to. The E-mail will
also show this address as the Sender's address.
Subject Enter the text string to be shown in the "Subject" field for the E -
mail.
SMTP Server
Ad dress
Enter the address (domain name) or IP address of the SMTP
(Simple Mail Transport Protocol) Server you use for outgoing E mail.
Port No. Enter the port number used to connect to the SMTP Server. The
default value is 25.
Server requires
Login to send mail
If your SMTP Server requires you to login in order to send mail:
• Check the setting "Server requires login to send mail"
• Enter your Login Name and Password for the SMTP Server in
the fields provi ded.
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Wireless Router User Guide
Network Diagnostics
This screen allows you to perform a "Ping" or a "DNS lookup". These activities can be useful in
solving network problems.
An example Network Diagnostics screen is shown below.
Figure 44: Network Diagnostics Screen
Data - Network Diagnostics Screen
Ping
Ping this
IP Ad dress
Ping Button After entering the IP address, click this button to start the "Ping"
DNS Lookup
Domain name/URL Enter the Domain name or URL for which you want a DNS (Domain
Lookup Button After entering the Domain name/URL, click this button to start the
Enter the IP address you wish to ping. The IP address can be on your
LAN, or on the Internet. Note that if the address is on the Internet,
and no connection currently exists, you could get a "Timeout" error.
In that case, wait a few seconds and try again.
procedure. The results will be displayed in the Ping Results pane.
Name Server) lookup. Note that if the address in on the Internet, and
no connection currently exists, you could get a "Timeout" error. In
that case, wait a few seconds and try again.
"DNS Lookup" procedure. The results will be displayed in the DNS
Lookup Results pane.
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Advanced Administration
Options
This screen allows advanced users to enter or change a number of settings. For normal oper ation, there is no need to use this screen or change any settings.
An example Options screen is shown below.
Figure 45: Options Screen
Data - Options Screen
Backup DNS
IP Address Enter the IP Address of the DNS (Domain Name Server s) here. These
DNS will be used only if the primary DNS is unavailable.
UpnP
Enable UPnP
Services
Allow Configuration...
Allow Internet
access to be
disabled
• UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) allows automatic di scovery and
configuration of equipment attached to your LAN. UPnP is by
supported Windows ME, XP, or later .
• If Enabled, this device will be visible via UPnP.
• If Disabled, this device will not be visible via UPnP.
• If checked, then UPnP users can change the configur ation.
• If Disabled, UPnP users can only view the configuration.
• If checked, then UPnP users can disable Internet access via this
device.
• If Disabled, UPnP users can NOT disable Internet access via this
device.
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PC Database
The PC Database is used whenever you need to select a PC (e.g. for the "DMZ" PC). It elim inates the need to enter IP addresses. Also, you do not need to use fixed IP addresses on your
LAN.
PC Database Screen
An example PC Database screen is shown below.
Figure 46: PC Database
• PCs which are "DHCP Clients" are automatically added to the database, and updated as
required.
• By default, non-Server versions of Windows act as "DHCP Clients"; this setting is called
"Obtain an IP Address automatically".
• The Wireless Router uses the "Hardware Address" to identify each PC, not the name or IP
address. The "Hardware Address" can only change if you change the PC's network card or
adapter.
• This system means you do NOT need to use Fixed (static) IP addresses on your LAN.
However, you can add PCs using Fixed (static) IP Addresses to the PC database if required.
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Advanced Administration
Data - PC Database Screen
Known PCs This lists all current entries (PCs or network devices).
Name If adding a new PC to the list, enter its name here. It is best if this
matches the PC's "hostname".
IP Address If adding a new PC to the list, enter the IP Address of the PC here. The
PC will be sent a "ping" to determine its hardware address. If the PC is
not available (not connected, or not powered On) you will not be able to
add it.
Buttons
Add This will add the new PC to the list. The PC will be sent a "ping" to
determine its hardware address. If the PC is not available (not connected, or not powered On) you will not be able to add it.
Delete Delete the selected PC from the list. This should be done in 2 situations:
• The PC has been removed from your LAN.
• The entry is incorrect.
Refresh Update the data on screen.
Generate Report
Advanced
Administration
Display a read-only list showing full details of all entries in the PC
database.
Click this to vi ew the advanced "PC Database" screen.
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PC Database (Admin)
This screen is displayed if the "Advanced Administration" button on the PC Database is
clicked. It provides more control than the standard PC Database screen.
Figure 47: PC Database (Admin)
Data - PC Database ( Admin) Screen
Known PCs This lists all current entries. Data displayed is name (IP Address) type.
The "type" indicates whether the PC is connected to the LAN.
Edit Use this to change the data for the selected PC in the list. The data for
the selected PC will then be shown in the "Properties" area, where it
may be edited. (Click "Update" to save any changes.)
Delete
PC Properties
Name If adding a new PC to the list, enter its name here. It is best if this
Use this to Delete the selected PC from the list. This should be done in
2 situations:
• The PC has been removed from your LAN.
• The entry is incorrect.
matches the PC's "hostname".
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IP Address Select the appropriate option:
• Automatic - The PC is set to be a DHCP client (Windows: "O btain
an IP address automatically"). The Wireless Router will allocate an
IP address to this PC when requested to do so. The IP address
could change, but normally won't.
• DCHP Client - Reserved IP Address - Select this if the PC is set to
be a DCHP client, and you wish to guarantee that the Wireless
Router will always allocate the same IP Address to this PC.
Enter the required IP address. Only the last field is required; the
other fields must match the Wireless Router's IP address.
• Fixed IP Address - Select this if the PC is using a Fixed (Static) IP
address. Enter the IP address allocated to the PC. (The PC must be
configured to use this IP address.)
MAC Address Select the appropriate option
• Automatic discovery - Select this to have the Wireless Router
contact the PC and find its MAC address. This is only possible if
the PC is connected to the LAN and powered On.
• MAC is - Enter the MAC address on the PC. The MAC address is
also called the "Hardware Address", "Physical Address", or "Network Adapter Address". The Broadband Router uses this to
provide a unique identifier for each PC. Because of this, the MAC
address can NOT be left blank.
Advanced Administration
Buttons
Add as New Entry Add a new PC to the list, using the data in the "Properties" box.
If "Automatic discovery" (for MAC address) is selected, the PC will be
sent a "ping" to determine its hardware address. This will fail unless the
PC is connected to the LAN, and powered on.
Update Selected
Update (modify) the selected PC, using the data in the "Properties" box.
PC
Clear Form Clear the "Properties" box, ready for entering data for a new PC.
Refresh Update the data on screen.
Generate Report Display a read-only list showing full details of all entries in the PC
database.
Standard Screen Click this to view the standard PC Database screen.
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Remote Administration
If enabled, this feature allows you to manage the Wireless Router via the Internet.
Figure 48: Remote Administration Screen
Data - Remote Administration Screen
Remote Administration
Enable Remote
Management
Port Number Enter a port number between 1024 and 65535. The default for HTTP
Current IP
Ad dress
Enable to allow management via the Internet. If Disabled, this device
will ignore management connection attempts from the Internet.
(Web) connections is port 80, but using port 80 will prevent the use of
a Web "Virtual Server" on your LAN. So using a different port number is recommended. The default value is 8080.
The port number must be specified in your Browser when you connect. To specify the port number :
1. From a remote location, start your Browser.
2. In the "Address" or "Location" field, enter the Internet IP ad-
dress of this device (NOT the LAN IP address), followed by the
port number, as follows:
http://ip_address:port_number
Where:
ip_address is the Internet IP address of this device.
port_number is the port number assigned on this screen.
3. You should then be prompted for the password for this device.
(You must assign a password!)
To manage this device via the Internet, you need to know the IP
Address of this device, as seen from the Internet. This IP Address is
allocated by your ISP, and is shown here. But if using a Dynamic IP
Address, this value can change each time you connect to your ISP.
There ar e 2 solutions to this problem:
• Have your ISP allocate you a Fixed IP address.
• Use the DDNS feature (Advanced menu) so you can connect
using a Domain Name, rather than an IP address.
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Advanced Administration
To connect from a remote PC via the Internet
1. Ensure your Internet connection is established, and start your Web Browser.
2. In the "Address" bar, enter "HTTP://" followed by the Internet IP Address of the Wireless
Router. If the port number is not 80, the port number is also required. (After the IP Address,
enter ":" followed by the port number.)
e.g.
HTTP://123.123.123.123:8080
This example assumes the WAN IP Address is 123.123.123.123, and the port number is 8080.
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Wireless Router User Guide
Routing
Overview
• If you don't have other Routers or Gateways on your LAN, you can ignore the "Routing"
page completely.
• If the Wireless Router is only acting as a Gateway for the local LAN segment, ignore the
"Routing" page even if your LAN has other Routers.
• If your LAN has a standard Router (e.g. Cisco) on your LAN, and the Wireless Router is to
act as a Gateway for all LAN segments, enable RIP (Routing Information Protocol) and ignore the Static Routing table.
• If your LAN has other Gateways and Routers, and you wish to control which LAN se g-
ments use each Gateway, do NOT enable RIP (Routing Information Protocol). Configure the
Static Routing table instead. (You also need to configure the other Routers.)
• If using Windows 2000 Data center Server as a software Router, enable RIP on the Broad-
band Router, and ensure the following Windows 2000 settings are correct:
• Open Routing and Remote Access
• In the console tree, select Routing and Remote Access , [server name], IP Routing,
RIP
• In the "Details" pane, right-click the interface you want to configure for RIP version 2,
and then click "Properties".
• On the "General" tab, set Outgoing packet protocol to "RIP version 2 broadcast", and
Incoming packet protocol to "RIP version 1 and 2".
Routing Screen
The routing table is accessed by the Routing link on the Administration menu.
Using this Screen
Generally, you will use ei ther RIP (Routing Information Protocol) OR the Static Routing Table,
as explained above, although is it possible to use both methods simultaneously.
Static Routing Table
• If RIP is not used, an entry in the routing table is required for each LAN segment on your
Network, other than the segment to which this device is attached.
• The other Routers must also be configured. See Configuring Other Routers on your LAN
later in this chapter for further details and an example.
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Figure 49: Routing Screen
Advanced Administration
Data - Routing Screen
RIP
Enable RIP V1 Check this to enable the RIP (Routing Information Protocol) feature of
the Broadband Router
The Wireless Router supports RIP 1 only.
Static Routing
Static Routing
Table Entries
Properties
This list shows all entries in the Routing Table.
• The "Properties" area shows details of the selected item in the
list.
• Change any the properties as required, then click the "Update"
button to save the changes to the selected entry.
• Destination Network - The network address of the remote LAN
segment. For standard class "C" LANs, the network address is
the first 3 fields of the Destination IP Address. The 4th (last) field
can be left at 0.
• Network Mask - The Network Mask for the remote LAN se g-
ment. For class "C" networks, the default mask is 255.255.255.0
• Gateway IP Address - The IP Address of the Gateway or Router
which the Wireless Router must use to communicate with the
destination above. (NOT the router attached to the remote se gment.)
• Metric - The number of "hops" (routers) to pass through to
reach the remote LAN segment. The shortest path will be used.
The default value is 2.
Buttons
Save Save the RIP setting. This has no effect on the Static Routing Table.
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Add Add a new entry to the Static Routing table, using the data shown in
the "Properties" area on screen. The entry selected in the list is
ignored, and has no effect.
Update Update the current Static Routing Table entry, using the data shown
in the "Properties" area on screen.
Delete Delete the current Static Routing Table entry.
Clear Form Clear all data from the "Properties" area, ready for input of a new entry
for the Static Routing table.
Generate Report Generate a read-only list of all entries in the Static Routing table.
Configuring Other Routers on your LAN
It is essential that all IP packets for devices not on the local LAN be passed to the Broadband
Router, so that they can be forwarded to the external LAN, WAN, or Internet. To achieve this,
the local LAN must be configured to use the Wireless Router as the Default Route or Default
Gateway.
Local Router
The local router is the Router installed on the same LAN segment as the Wireless Router. This
router requires that the Default Route is the Broadband Router itself. Typically, routers have a
special entry for the Default Route. It should be configured as follows.
Destination IP Address Normally 0.0.0.0, but check your router documentation.
Network Mask Normally 0.0.0.0, but check your router documentation.
Gateway IP Address The IP Address of the Wireless Router.
Metric 2
Other Routers on the Local LAN
Other routers on the local LAN must use the Wireless Router’s Local Router as the Default
Route. The entries will be the same as the Wireless Router's local router, with the exception of
the Gateway IP Address.
• For a router with a direct connection to the Wireless Router's local Router, the Gateway IP
Address is the address of the Wireless Router's local router.
• For routers which must forward packets to another router before reaching the Wireless
Router's local router, the Gateway IP Address is the address of the intermediate router.
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Advanced Administration
Static Routing - Example
Figure 50: Routing Example
For the Broadband Router's Routing Table
For the LAN shown above, with 2 routers and 3 LAN segments, the Wireless Router requires 2
entries as follows.
Entry 1 (Segment 1)
Destination IP Address 192.168.1.0
Network Mask 255.255.255.0 (Standard Class C)
Gateway IP Address 192.168.0.100 (Broadband Router's local Router)
Metric 2
Entry 2 (Segment 2)
Destination IP Address 192.168.2.0
Network Mask 255.255.255.0 (Standard Class C)
Gateway IP Address 192.168.0.100
Metric 3
For Router A's Default Route
Destination IP Address 0.0.0.0
Network Mask 0.0.0.0
Gateway IP Address 192.168.0.1 (Broadband Router's IP Address)
For Router B's Default Route
Destination IP Address 0.0.0.0
Network Mask 0.0.0.0
Gateway IP Address 192.168.1.80 (Broadband Router's local router)
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Security
This screen allows you to set Firewall and other security-related options.
Figure 51: Security Screen
Data - Security Screen
DoS Firewall
Enable DoS
Firewall
Firewall Settings
Button
Options
Respond to ICMP
If enabled, DoS (Denial of Service) attacks will be detected and
blocked. The default is enabled. It is strongly recommended that this
setting be left enabled.
Note:
• A DoS attack does not attempt to steal data or damage your PCs,
but overloads your Internet connection so you can not use it the service is unavailable.
• This device uses "Statef ul Inspection" technology. This system
can detect situations where individual TCP/IP packets are valid,
but collectively they become a DoS attack.
If you wish to adjust the settings used by the DoS firewall, click this
button to open a sub-window.
The ICMP protocol is used by the "ping" and "traceroute" programs,
and by network monitoring and diagnostic programs.
• If checked, the Wireless Router will respond to ICMP packets
received from the Internet.
• If not checked, ICMP packets from the Internet will be ignored.
Disabling this option provides a slight increase in security.
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Advanced Administration
Allow VPN
Pass through
The IPSec, PPTP, and L2TP protocols are used to establish a secure
connection, and are widely used by VPN (Virtual Private Networ king)
programs.
• If checked, these VPN connections are allowed.
• If not checked, these VPN connections are blocked.
Note: IPSec sessions must NOT use AH (Authentication Header).
Packets using AH cannot be routed correctly.
Drop fra gmented
IP packets
If enabled, fragmented IP packets are discarded, forcing retransmission of these packets. In some situations, this could prevent
successful communication, so this setting is normally disabled.
Block TCP Flood A TCP flood is excessively large number of TCP connection requests.
This is usually a DoS (Denial of Service) attack. This setting should
be normally be enabled.
Block UDP Flood A UDP flood is excessively large number of UDP packets. This is
often a DoS (Denial of Service) attack, but some streaming applications also use UDP, and blocking UPD packets may prevent them
from working correctly.
Block
non-standard
packets
Abnormal packets are often used by hackers and in DoS attacks, but
may also be generated by other network devices. (PCs will normally
not generate non-standard packets.) This setting is disabled by
default, but on most networks it can safely be enabled, and doing so
will provide greater protection.
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Upgrade Firmware
The firmware (software) in the Wireless Router can be upgraded using your Web Browser.
You must first download the upgrade file, then select Upgrade on the Administration menu.
You will see a screen like the following.
Figure 52: Upgrade Firmware Screen
To perform the Firmware Upgra de:
1. Click the "Browse" button and navigate to the location of the upgrade file.
2. Select the upgrade file. Its name will appear in the Upgrade File field.
3. Click the "Start Upgrade" button to commence the firmware upgrade.
The Wireless Router is unavailable during the upgrade process, and must restart when the upgrade is
completed. Any connections to or through the
Broadband Router will be lost.
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Appendix A
A
Troubleshooting
This Appendix covers the most likely problems and their solutions.
Overview
This chapter covers some common problems that may be encountered while using the Wireless
Router and some possible solutions to them. If you follow the suggested steps and the Wireless Router still does not function properly, contact your dealer for further advice.
General Problems
Problem 1:
Solution 1: Check the following:
Can't connect to the Wireless Router to configure it.
• The Wireless Router is properly installed, LAN connections are OK, and
it is powered ON.
• Ensure that your PC and the Wireless Router are on the same network
segment. (If you don't have a router, this must be the case.)
• If your PC is set to "Obtain an IP Address automatically" (DHCP client),
restart it.
• If your PC uses a Fixed (Static) IP address, ensure that it is using an IP
Address within the range 192.168.0.2 to 192.168.0.254 and thus compatible with the Wireless Router's default IP Address of 192.168.0.1.
Also, the Network Mask should be set to 255.255.255.0 to match the
Wireless Router.
In Windows, you can check these settings by using Control Panel-
Network to check the Properties for the TCP/IP protocol.
Internet Access
Problem 1: When I enter a URL or IP address I get a time out error.
Solution 1: A number of things could be causing this. Try the following troubleshooting
steps.
• Check if other PCs work. If they do, ensure that your PCs IP settings are
correct. If using a Fixed (Static) IP Address, check the Network Mask,
Default gateway and DNS as well as the IP Address.
• If the PCs are configured correctly, but still not working, check the
Wireless Router. Ensure that it is connected and ON. Connect to it and
check its settings. (If you can't connect to it, check the LAN and power
connections.)
• If the Wireless Router is configured correctly, check your Internet
connection (DSL/Cable modem etc) to see that it is working correctly.
Problem 2:
Some applications do not run properly when using the Wireless Router.
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Solution 2: The Wireless Router processes the data passing through it, so it is not
transparent.
Use the Special Applications feature to allow the use of Internet applica-
tions which do not function correctly.
If this does solve the problem you can use the DMZ function. This should
work with almost every application, but:
• It is a security risk, since the firewall is disabl ed.
• Only one (1) PC can use this feature.
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Appendix B
B
About Wireless LANs
This Appendix provides some background information about using Wireless
LANs (WLANs).
Modes
Wireless LANs can work in either of two (2) modes:
• Ad-hoc
• Infrastructure
Ad-hoc Mode
Ad-hoc mode does not require an Access Point or a wired (Ethernet) LAN. Wireless Stations (e.g. notebook PCs with wireless cards) communicate directly with each other.
Infrastructure Mode
In Infrastructure Mode, one or more Access Points are used to connect Wireless Stations
(e.g. Notebook PCs with wireless cards) to a wired (Ethernet) LAN. The Wireless Stations
can then access all LAN resources.
Access Points can only function in "Infrastructure" mode, and
can communicate only with Wireless Stations which are set
to "Infrastructure" mode.
BSS/ESS
BSS
A group of Wireless Stations and a single Access Point, all using the same ID (SSID), form a
Basic Service Set (BSS).
Generally, using the same SSID is essential. Devices with different SSIDs are on different
Wireless LANs, and may be unable to communicate with each other.
Note that some Access Points will broadcast their SSID, allowing Wireless stations to adopt the
correct SSID. This makes it easier for the clients to locate the correct AP. If the SSID is not
broadcast, the client can still connect to the AP by entering the correct SSID and other data.
ESS
A group of Wireless Stations, and multiple Access Points, all using the same ID (ESSID), form
an Extended Service Set (ESS).
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As Wireless Stations are physically moved through the area covered by an ESS, they will
automatically change to the Access Point which has the least interference or best performance.
This capability is called Roaming. (Access Points do not have or require Roaming capabilities.)
Channels
The Wireless Channel sets the radio frequency used for communication.
•
In the USA
and Canada, 11 channel are available. If using multiple Access Points, it is better if adjacent
Access Points use different Channels to reduce interference.
• In "Infrastructure" mode, Wireless Stations normally scan all Channels, looking for an
Access Point. If more than one Access Point can be used, the one with the strongest signal
is used. (This can only happen within an ESS.)
• If using "Ad-hoc" mode (no Access Point), all Wireless stations should be set to use the
same Channel. However, most Wireless stations will still scan all Channels to see if there is
an existing "Ad-hoc" group they can join.
WEP
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) is a standard for encrypting data before it is transmitted.
This is desirable because it is impossible to prevent snoopers from receiving any data which is
transmitted by your Wireless Stations. But if the data is encrypted, then it is meaningless
unless the receiver can decrypt it.
If WEP is used, the Wireless Stations and the Access Point must have the same settings for
each of the following:
WEP Off, 64 Bit, 128 Bit
Key For 64 Bit encryption, the Key value must match.
For 128 Bit encryption, the Key value must match
WEP Authentication Open System or Shared Key.
WPA-PSK
WPA-PSK is another standard for encrypting data before it is transmitted. This is a later standard than WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy), and provides greater security for your data. Data is
encrypted using a 256Bit key which is automatically generated and changed often.
If all your Wireless stations support WPA-PSK, you should use this instead of WEP.
If WPA-PSK is used, the Wireless Stations and the Access Point must have the same se ttings
for each of the following:
WPA PSK
(Pre-shared Key)
Encryption The same encryption method must be used. The most
Enter the same value on every station and the AP. The PSK
must be from 8 to 63 characters in length. The 256Bit key
used for the actual encryption is derived from this key.
common encryption method is TKIP. Another widely-
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