SEQUENTIAL CIRQUITS Drumtraks 400 MIDI Guide

SEQUENTIAL MG40AA

Publications Department January, 1985

MODEL 400

DRUMTRAKS

MIDIGUIDE

New layout, edited and reprinted 2010 on VINTAGE PLANET

SEQUENTIAL MG40AA Publications Department January, 1985

MODEL 400

DRUMTRAKS

MIDIGUIDE

page

1 INTRODUCTION 2

2 STANDARD VERSION 0_4 3 POWER-ON DEFAULT CONDITIONS 3 HIDDEN FUNCTIONS 4 MIDI IMPLEMENTATION (0_4) 6 Table 2.1 MIDI Key Assignment 9 Figure 2.1 MIDI Drum Key Assignment 9 Table 2.2 Data Dump Format 10 Table 2.3 Song Pointers 10 Table 2.4 Pattern Pointers 11 Table 2.5 Song Data 11 Table 2.6 Pattern Data 12 Table 2.7 Miscellaneous Parameters 13

3 OPTIONAL VERSION 0.5 14 POWER-ON DEFAULT CONDITIONS 15 HIDDEN FUNCTIONS 15 PROGRAMMING DRUM TUNINGS 17 “Pitch Keys” 17 Figure 3.1 MIDI Key Assignment 17 PITCH wheel 18 PROGRAMMING DRUM VOLUMES WITH MOD WHEEL 19 MIDI IMPLEMENTATION (0_5) 20 Table 3.1 MIDI Drum Key Assignment 25 Table 3.2 MIDI Pitch Key Assignment 25 Table 3.3 Data Dump Format 26 Table 3.4 Song Pointers 26 Table 3.5 Pattern Pointers 26 Table 3.6 Song Data 27 Table 3.7 Pattern Data 28 Table 3.8 Miscellaneous Parameters 29

2 MC400A

1 INTRODUCTION

This MIDIGUIDE provides more recent information than is contained in the Drumtraks Operation Manual (CM400).

The two most important applications for the Drumtraks' MIDI are 1) for synchronizing external sequencers, and 2) for creating Drumtraks patterns using MIDI-equipped keyboards, eliminating the need to "overdub" different volumes and tunings.

As there have been changes to the Drumtraks' software since it’s introduction in

December 1983, this MIDIGUIDE contains control summaries for two software versions. 0_4 is the most recent software version with which Drumtraks are shipped, and replaces 0_3, fixing some operational bugs. 0_4 is a standard software version, and may be installed under warranty, free of charge.

0_5 allows Drumtraks’ volumes and tunings to be programmed from

MIDI-equiped keyboards using the PITCH and MOD Wheels, or with a new "pitch key" system. 0_5 is a software option, and must be purchased through Sequential or any authorized Sequential service center.

Should you require more than the standard operational instructions for a specific application, the MDI implementations for both software versions describe the Drumtraks' MIDI vocabulary.

2 STANDARD VERSION 0_4

Released in May, 1984, the 0_4 software adds the following features to the Drumtraks:

CLK OUT is enabled during pattern recording.

CLK IN can be used during recording.

Clock Out is active during CLK IN.

MIDI Mode 1 can be selected from the front panel.

MIDI Mode 3 can be selected from the front panel.

New Memory Clear operation. This is now more difficult to do by accident.

Songs can be started from any step while in Build Mode.

Except for these additions, operation of the Drumtraks by itself or over MIDI, is the same as described in the Drumtraks Operation Manual (CM400). For your

convenience, a summary of all the Drumtraks’ front panel “hidden functions” is

provided on the following page.

POWER-ON DEFAULT CONDITIONS

When the Drumtraks power is switched on, the Drumtraks is in MIDI Mode 1 (OMNI On/MONO Off). The Basic Channel remains where it was last set, unaffected by the power being switched off. (The Drumtraks is set to Channel 15 at the factory).

“Pads Out” and the external clock input are initially disabled, and can be enabled with the front panel controls (see following page)

MC400A 3

"HIDDEN" FUNCTIONS ( Software version 0_4 )

* Clear All Memory

Hold [7], [8], [9], [INC], [DEC], [FASTER] and [SLOWER].

* Enable External Clock Input

Hold both [TEMPO] switches. Press [ENTER].

This selects 24 ppq clock input rate, lighting the far right decimal point.

If desired, press [DEC] once for 48 ppq, or twice for 96 ppq.

Each time [DEC] is pressed, the lit decimal point moves left one digit.

* Enable MIDI Clock Input

Hold both [TEMPO] switches. Press [ENTER]. Press [DEC] three times.

This lights the decimal point between the two left display digits.

* Disable External or MIDI Clock Input

Hold both [TEMPO] switches. Press [ENTER].

* Enable "Pads Out"

Hold [ENTER]. Press 4. Manually play the drums you want transmitted over MIDI.

If "Pads Out" is enabled and drums are played, either manually or during pattern playback, "note on" and "note off" MIDI data is transmitted on the Basic Channel. If another Drumtraks receives this data, it plays the same drums. If, on the other hand, a synthesizer receives this data, it plays notes corresponding to the drums played. (See EXTERNAL INSTRUMENT CONTROL in the Drumtraks Operation Manual).

4 MC400 A

* Disable "Pads Out"

Hold [ENTER]. Press 5.

* Select MIDI Mode 1 (OMNI On/MONO Off)

Hold [ENTER]. Press 6.

When in Mode 1, the Drumtraks transmits Note On/Off data on the Basic Channel, and receives MIDI data from all 16 channels.

* Select MIDI Mode 3 (OMNI Off/MONO Off)

Hold [ENTER]. Press 9.

When in Mode 3, the Drumtraks transmits and receives MIDI Note On/Off data and Mode change commands on the Basic Channel only.

* Change Basic Channel

Hold [ENTER]. Press 0. The current Basic Channel is displayed. Press [INC] or [DEC] to raise or lower the Basic Channel.

The Basic Channel only affects Note On/Off data when "Pads Out" is enabled (see above). The Drumtraks is set to Channel 15 at the factory. This is NOT a default setting (the Channel number is non-volatile), so if you change the Basic Chennel, there is no need to change it each time the power is swiched on.

MC400A 5

MIDI IMPLEMENTATION (VERSION 0_4)

May, 1984

Unless otherwise specified, status/data bytes are given in hex and binary.

TRANSMITTED DATA

Status Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth

NOTE ON - only sent when “Pads Out” is enabled (see page 4). 9NH K V K 00H 1001 nnnn 0kkk kkkk 0vvv vvvv 0kkk kkkk 0000 0000 For key values see Table 2.1, page 9

V=01H-7FH, depending on programmed volume only (accent and song volume changes are ignored).

All Note Ons are followed immediately with a Note Off (V=0), with no new status byte, i.e. five bytes sent for each

pad played. SONG SELECT F3H S 1111 0011 0sss ssss When a song is selected, that song number is sent. S=00H-63H (0-99 decimal)

START FAH 1111 1010 When playback of any song or pattern starts, this is sent immediately before the first Timing Clock.

TIMING CLOCK F8H 1111 1000 During playback of any song or pattern, this is sent at a 24-per-quarter-note rate. Not sent when the external clock input is enabled.

PATTERN MARKER F0H 01H 7FH F7H 1111 0000 0000 0001 0111 1111 1111 0111 (SYS EX SCI ID PM EOX) Sent after the last clock of a drum pattern.

STOP FCH 1111 1100 Sent whenever a song or pattern is stopped.

6 MC400A

Status Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth

PROGRAM DUMP F0H 01H 06H D F7H 1111 0000 0000 0001 0000 0110 Data 1111 0111 (SYSEX SCI ID 400 ID EOX)

Data is 7680 song and pattern data

bytes, formatted as 15,360 four-bit

nibbles, right justified, LS nibble sent

first. For data packing information, see

Tables 2.2 through 2.6.

REGOGNIZED RECEIVED DATA

NOTE ON 9NH K V 1001 nnnn 0kkk kkkk 0vvv vvvv Channel number. This is ignored if in Mode 1, and checked for match with channel number in Mode 3. For key values, see Table 2.1 V(Velocity) = 01H-7FH (1-127 decimal) Note that although the Drumtraks 0_4 software transmits Note-Offs following each Note-On, it does not need to receive a Note Off following a received Note On. Nonetheless, sending Note Offs after Note Ons is recommended practice.

SONG SELECT F3H S 1111 0011 0sss ssss 00H-62H (0-98 decimal) Switches to song mode and selects song #. Also must already be in either song stop or pattern stop modes.

START FAH 1111 1010 Only if in song mode, this starts playback from start of current song. Selects MIDI playback clock.

TIMING CLOCK F8H 1111 1000 Recognized whenever in playback of a song or pattern while MIDI clock is selected (either by front panel or by Start status).

STOP FCH 1111 1100 Stops song playback. MIDI clock inputs are ignored.

MC400A 7

Status Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth

OMNI MODE ON FNH 7DH 00H 1111 nnnn 0111 1101 0000 0000 Mono Mode is always off, so when Omni Mode On is received, Mode 1 (Omni On/Mono Off) is selected.

OMNI MODE Off FNH 7CH 00H 1111 nnnn 0111 1100 0000 0000 When received, Mode 3 (Omni Off/Mono Off) is selected.

PROGRAM DUMP REQUEST F0H 01H 00H F7H 1111 0000 0000 0001 0000 0000 1111 0111 (SYSEX SCI ID REQUEST EOX) ID This initiates a complete program dump of song and pattern data. See Tables 2.2 through 2.6.

PROGRAM DUMP RECEIVE F0H 01H 06H D F7H 1111 0000 0000 0001 0000 0110 Data 1111 0111 (SYSEX SCI ID 400 ID EOX)

Data is 7680 song and pattern data

bytes, formatted as15,360 four-bit

nibbles, right justified, LS nibble sent

first. For data packing information, see

Tables 2.2 through 2.6.

8 MC400A

TABLE 2.1 MIDI KEY ASSIGNMENTS

Instrument keys are numbered 23H-3AH. For reference, 3CH = middle C

Key Value Instrument

23H, 24H BASS 25H RIM 26H, 28H SNARE 27H CLAPS 29H, 2BH TOM 1 2AH, 2CH CLOSED HI-HAT 2DH, 2FH TOM 2 2EH OPEN HI-HAT 31H CRASH CYMBAL 33H RIDE CYMBAL 36H TAMBOURINE 38H COWBELL 3AH CABASA

Transmit: Keys 24H, 28H, 2BH, 2CH and 2FH are sent for the duplicated sounds.

Receive: Keys not listed are ignored.

Figure 2.1 MIDI Drum Key Assignment

MC400A 9

TABLE 2.2 400 DATA DUMP FORMAT

Bytes (Hex) Description

00H – C7H Song Pointers (see Table 2.3)

C8H – 18FH Pattern Pointers (see Table 2.4)

190H – 191H Pointer to Space After Song 99

192H – N Song Data (see Table 2.5)

N+1 – M-1 Unused Memory

M – 1DFFH Pattern Data (see Tables 2.6 and 2.7)

A dump into the 400 dumps all pointer tables, song data, pattern data, and unused memory. All data must be maintained correctly, or the 400 could “crash”(for example if song or pattern pointers are not updated when changes are made in the lengths of songs or patterns).

TABLE 2.3 SONG POINTERS

Bytes (Hex) Description

00H – 01H Pointer to Song 00. Always equals 2392H. Pointer

stored in LS – then – MS format.

02H – 03H Pointer to Song 01. “ “ C6H – C7H Pointer to Song 99.

NOTE: Data memory for songs and patterns is from 2392H through 3FFFH, with songs at the start, patterns at the end and unused memory in the middle.

10 MC400A

TABLE 2.4 PATTERN POINTERS

Bytes (Hex) Description

C8H – C9H Pointer to Pattern 00. Pointer is stored in LS - then

- MS format.

CAH – CBH Pointer to Pattern 01. “ “ 18EH – 18FH Pointer to Pattern 99.

TABLE 2.5 SONG DATA

Relative Byte Number Byte Description

0 0ttt tttt 00H-7FH - initial absolute tempo for

this song. or 1000 0000 No initial tempo

steps 0ppp pppp Pattern number P=00H-63H(0-99 decimal)

or 1000 vvvv V=0H-FH - relative volume decrease or 1001 vvvv V=0H-FH - relative volume increase

1010 tttt T=0H-FH - relative tempo decrease 1011 tttt T=0H-FH - relative tempo increase

or 1000 0000 Empty Step (deleted, but not reprogrammed)

END 1100 0000 End of Song

NOTE: An empty song still has two bytes programmed: the initial tempo (byte 0) and the END byte.

MC400A 11

TABLE 2.6 PATTERN DATA

Relative Byte Number Byte Description

0 d2nnn nnnn N = 01H-63H (1-99 decimal) Number of beats per measure (“numerator” of time signature)

1 d1sss eeee E=0-9, Error Correct (see Table 2.7) S=0-5, Swing (see Table 2.7)

2 d0mmm mmmm M= 00H-63H (1-99 decimal) Number of measures

D = 0-7, beat value (see Table 2.7) (“denominator” of time signature)

(event storage) two-byte event (normal) tttt tttt T = 00H-FFH (0-255 decimal) Time (1/96 note, 24 ppq) 00ea dddd e = Clock extend (time overflow) a = Accent On/Off D = Drum number (0H=CH, see Table 2.7)

Three-byte event (dynamic) tttt tttt 01ea dddd Same as above vvvv pppp V = 0H-FH, Volume for this event P = 0H-FH, Pitch for this event

END tttt tttt Time for End 1000 xxxx X = Don’t care

NOTE: An empty pattern still has five bytes programed: the three-byte prologue and two-byte END.

12 MC400A

TABLE 2.7 MISCELLANEOUS PARAMETER TABLES

ERROR CORRECT Value Note 0 1/2 1 1/4 2 1/6 3 1/8 4 1/12 5 1/16 6 1/24 7 1/32 8 1/48 9 1/96

SWING Value % 0 50 1 54 2 58 3 62 4 66 5 70

BEAT NOTE (denominator) Value Note 0 1/2 1 1/4 2 1/6 3 1/8 4 1/12 5 1/16 6 1/24 7 1/32

DRUM NUMBER Number Drum 0H BASS 1H SNARE 2H RIM 3H TOM 1 4H TOM2 5H CRASH CYMBAL 6H RIDE CYMBAL 7H CLOSED HI-HAT 8H OPEN HI-HAT 9H CLAPS AH TAMBOURINE BH COWBELL

CH CABASSA

MC400A 13

2 OPTIONAL VERSION 0_5

Standard software versions 0_3 and 0_4 allowed drum patterns to be programmed from an external MIDI-equipped keyboard. If the keyboard was velocity sensitive, the volumes of each of the drum sounds were controlled by the velocity with which each “drum key” was played.

Version 0_5 takes the Drumtraks a step further. First, sixteen keys (in the upper

octaves of the keyboard) are assigned as “pitch keys”, allowing individual drum

tunings to be programmed in real-time, eliminating the need to perform awkward “tuning overdubs” to achieve drum rolls and other interesting effects. Secondly, PITCH and MOD wheels now control drum tunings and volumes, in order to program those in real–time, which means that the used MIDI keyboard doesn’t need to be velocity sensitive.

Other features of 0_5:

Changes front panel “Pads Out” enable function.

Adds an enable/disable External MIDI Drum Key Data function.

Eliminates the need to hit drum switches after enabling MIDI “Pads Out”.

Improves the Drumtraks’ sync pulse width when operating at 48ppq.

Enables MIDI Clock Out when External Clock Input is enabled.

Removes error-correct problems sometimes encountered at the end of drum patterns.

Eliminates the need to send a MIDI “Stop” prior to a MIDI “Start” to

restart the Drumtraks if the pattern is already playing. (0_3 interprets a MIDI “Start” as “Continue”.

CLK OUT is enabled during pattern recording.

CLK IN can be used during recording.

Clock is output when using CLK IN.

MIDI Mode 1 can be selected from the front panel.

MIDI Mode 3 can be selected from the front panel.

New Memory Clear operation. (More difficult to now do by accident).

Songs can be started from any step when in Build Mode.

Except for these additions, operation of the Drumtraks itself or over MIDI is the same as described in the Drumtraks Operation Manual (CM400). For your

convenience, a summary of all of the Drumtraks’ front panel “hidden functions” is

provided on the following page.

14 MC400A

POWER-ON DEFAULT CONDITIONS

When the Drumtraks power is switched on, the Drumtraks is in MIDI Mode 1 (OMNI On, MONO Off). The Basic Channel remains where it was last set, unaffected by the power being switched off (Drumtraks are set to Channel 13 at the Factory).

The Drumtraks’ External “Drum Key” Data Input is initially enabled and “Pads Out” and the External Clock Input” are disabled. These can be disnabled or

enabled with the hidden functions below.

HIDDEN FUNCTIONS (0_5)

* Clear All Memory

Hold [7], [8], [9], [INC], [DEC], [FASTER] and [SLOWER].

* Enable External Clock Input

Hold both [TEMPO] switches. Press [ENTER].

This selects 24 ppq clock input rate, lighting the far right decimal point.

If desired, press [DEC] once for 48 ppq, or twice for 96 ppq.

Each time [DEC] is pressed, the lit decimal point moves left one digit.

* Enable MIDI Clock Input

Hold both [TEMPO] switches. Press [ENTER]. Press [DEC] three times.

This lights the decimal point between the two left display digits.

* Disable External or MIDI Clock Input

Hold both [TEMPO] switches. Press [ENTER].

* Enable/Disable "Pads Out"

Hold [ENTER]. Press 4. This toggles the Output enable/disable (disabled at power-on).

MC400A 15 13If "Pads Out" is enabled, drums are played either manually or during pattern playback, "note on" and "note off" MIDI data is transmitted on the Basic Channel. If another Drumtraks receives

If "Pads Out" is enabled and drums are played, either manually or during pattern playback, "note on" and "note off" MIDI data is transmitted on the Basic Channel. If another Drumtraks receives this data, it plays the same drums. If, on the other hand, a synthesizer receives this data, it plays notes corresponding to the drums played. (See EXTERNAL INSTRUMENT CONTROL in the Drumtraks Operation Manual).

* Disable/enable Drum Key Data Input

Hold [ENTER]. Press 5.

This toggles the input enable/disable (enabled at power-on). If you intend to play

the Drumtraks from an external keyboard, using the assigned “pitch keys”, it is

recommended you disable this function to prevent drums fro sounding twice. (For details, see operating instructions on page 17)

* Select MIDI Mode 1 (OMNI On/MONO Off)

Hold [ENTER]. Press 6.

When in Mode 1, the Drumtraks transmits Note On/Off data on the Basic Channel, and receives MIDI data from all 16 channels.

* Select MIDI Mode 3 (OMNI Off/MONO Off)

Hold [ENTER]. Press 9.

When in Mode 3, the Drumtraks transmits and receives MIDI Note On/Off data and Mode change commands on the Basic Channel only.

* Change Basic Channel

Hold [ENTER]. Press 0. The current Basic Channel is displayed. Press [INC] or [DEC] to raise or lower the Basic Channel.

The Basic Channel only affect Note On/Off data when "Pads Out" is enabled (see above). The Drumtraks is set to Channel 15 at the factory. This is NOT a default setting (the Channel number is non-volatile), so if you change the Basic Chennel, there is no need to change it each time the power is swiched on.

16 MC400A

PROGRAMMING DRUM TUNINGS

In previous software versions, a velocity sensitive MIDI keyboard could be used

to program drum dynamics, to give the Drumtraks patterns a “human feel”. Tom rolls and other effects requiring multiple tunings, required “tuning overdubs” and

took a considerable time to accomplish. The 0_5 software introduces three new techniques which makes pattern recording much easier via MIDI.

Pitch Keys

The Drumtraks still recognizes seventeen “drum keys” in the lower octaves of a

MIDI keyboard as before, but now also recognizes sixteen keys in the third and

fourth octaves as “pitch keys”. These select the sixteen tunings of each drum

sound. Drums and tunings are assigned to keys as shown in the following illustration.

Figure 3.1 MIDI Pitch Key Assignment

Connect MIDI OUT of the MIDI keyboard to the Drumtraks’ MIDI In.

Hold [ENTER] Press [5]

This disables the Drumtraks’ Drum Key Data Input (enabled on

power-on)

Play the drum keys

The Drumtraks produces no sound. When it does, repeat the previous two steps. The Drumtraks Drum Key Data Input was probably disabled to begin with, so the ENTER/5 disabled it.

Play the pitch keys

The Drumtraks produces no sound, but the tuning value of the depressed keys appears in the left display. This feature makes it easier to find the desired pitch keys on a larger (than four octave) keyboard.

The Drumtraks requires one or two drum keys (in the lower octaves) to be held (selecting the instrument) while playing the pitch keys.

MC400A 17

Play and hold one drum key.

Play the pitch keys (refer to figure 3.1 above).

The drum sound is played again at the tuning corresponding to the pitch key played.

If the keyboard if velocity-sensitive, the drum sound’s dynamics are controlled by the force each pitch key is played with.

You can also play any combination of two drum keys simultaneously, provided they do not belong to the same audio channel (1-6). For example, Claps and Cowbell can not play simultaneously.

Repeat the previous two steps, holding different drum keys.

With a little practice, useful effects such as Tom rolls can be recorded into patterns easily.

PITCH Wheel

A second method for programming drum tunings in real-time is to move your

keyboard’s Pitch Wheel while holding one of the standard drum keys in the keyboard’s lower octaves.

If necessary, enable your keyboard’s wheels over MIDI (see your Sequential instrument’s MIDI GUIDE or operation manual).

Play the drum keys on your keyboard.

If the Drumtraks produces no sound:

Hold [ENTER]

Press [5]

This enables the Drumtraks’ MIDI Drum Key Data Input (if disabled).

The Drumtraks and your MIDI keyboard are now prepared.

Move the Pitch Wheel.

A tuning value of 0-15 appears in the Drumtraks’ left display, corresponding to the Pitch Wheel position.

Play and hold some drum keys.

The tuning of all drum keys played and held are now set to the value which appears in the Drumtraks’ left display.

Release all held drum keys.

The display no longer shows the tuning. Any drums played (other than those played in the previous step) still play at their original tuning.

After the PITCH wheel is moved, the Drumtraks assigns the new tuning to all drum keys played as long as they are all held.

18 MC400A

PROGRAMMING DRUM VOLUMES WITH MOD WHEEL

Drum volumes can be programmed live into a pattern from a MIDI keyboard with a MOD Wheel. This is an alternative for owners of non-velocity-sensitive instruments.

If necessary, enable your keyboard’s wheels over MIDI (see your Sequential instrument’s MIDI GUIDE or operation manual).

Play the drum keys on your keyboard.

If the Drumtraks produces no sound:

Hold [ENTER]

Press [5]

This enables the Drumtraks’ MIDI Drum Key Data Input (if

disabled).

The Drumtraks and your MIDI keyboard are now prepared.

Move the Mod Wheel.

A tuning value of 0-15 appears in the Drumtraks’ left display, corresponding to the Mod Wheel position.

Play and hold some drum keys.

The volumes of all drum keys played and held are now set to the value which appears in the Drumtraks’ left display.

Release all held drum keys.

The display no longer shows the volume. Any drums played (other than those played in the previous step) still play at their original volume.

For more volume settings, repeat the previous three steps.

NOTE: If the keyboard is velocity-sensitive, key velocity overrides the MOD Wheel.

MC400A 19

MIDI IMPLEMENTATION (VERSION 0_5)

January, 1985

Unless otherwise specified, status/data bytes are given in hex and binary, while numbers in descriptions are in decimal.

TRANSMITTED DATA

Status Second Third Fourth Fifth

NOTE ON (only sent when “Pads Out” is enabled - see page 15). 9NH P 40H K V 1001 nnnn 0ppp pppp 0100 0000 0kkk kkkk ovvv vvvv Pitch Key On For pitch key values see Table 3.2, page 25

“Dummy” velocity byte Drum Key On

For key values, see table 3.1, page 25).

Drum key velocity. V=01H-7FH, depending on programmed volume only (accent and song volume changes are ignored).

Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth K 0H P 0H 0kkk kkkk 0000 0000 0ppp pppp 0000 0000 Drum key Off (key On with velocity=0) Zero velocity Pitch Key Off (Key On with velocity=0) Zero velocity

All Note Ons are followed immediately with a Note Off (V=0), with no new status byte, i.e. nine bytes sent for each note played.

SONG SELECT F3H S 1111 0011 0sss ssss When a song is selected, that song number is sent. S=00H-63H (0-99 decimal)

START FAH 1111 1010 When playback of any song or pattern starts, this is sent immediately before the first Timing Clock.

20 MC400A

TRANSMITTED DATA

Status Second Third Fourth Fifth

TIMING CLOCK F8H 1111 1000 During playback of any song or pattern, this is sent at a 24-per-quarter-note rate. Not sent when the external clock input is enabled.

PATTERN MARKER F0H 01H 7FH F7H 1111 0000 0000 0001 0111 1111 1111 0111 (SYS EX SCI ID PM EOX) Sent after the last clock of a drum pattern.

STOP FCH 1111 1100 Sent whenever a song or pattern is stopped.

PROGRAM DUMP F0H 01H 06H D F7H 1111 0000 0000 0001 0000 0110 Data 1111 0111 (SYSEX SCI ID 400 ID EOX)

Data is 7680 song and pattern data

bytes, formatted as 15,360 four-bit

nibbles, right justified, LS nibble sent

first. For data packing information, see

Tables 3.3 through 3.7.

REGOGNIZED RECEIVED DATA

NOTE ON (no tuning information) 9NH K V 1001 nnnn 0kkk kkkk 0vvv vvvv N is the channel number. This is ignored if in Omni On mode and checked for match with channel number in Omni Off mode. K=23H-54H. For key tables see Tables 3.1 nd 3.2 If MIDI Drum Key Date Input is diabled, the drum is not played. V(velocity)=01H-7FH

MC400A 21

REGOGNIZED RECEIVED DATA

Status Second Third Fourth Fifth

NOTE ON (including tuning information). 9NH P 40H K V 1001 nnnn 0ppp pppp 0100 0000 0kkk kkkk ovvv vvvv Pitch Key On P=41H-554H. For Pitch Key assignment, see Table 3.2, page 25

“Dummy” velocity byte Drum Key On. K=23h-3AH.

For key values, see table 3.1, page 25).

Drum key velocity.

Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth K 0 P 0 0kkk kkkk 0000 0000 0ppp pppp 0000 0000 Drum key Off (key On with velocity=0) Zero velocity Pitch Key Off (Key On with velocity=0) Zero velocity

NOTE OFF 9NH K 00H 1001 nnnn 0kkk kkkk 0000 0000 Zero Velocity

NOTE OFF 8NH K V 1001 nnnn 0kkk kkkk 0vvv vvvv Zero Velocity

OMNI MODE ON FNH 7DH 00H 1111 nnnn 0111 1101 0000 0000 When received, Mode 1 (Omni On/Mono Off) is selected.

OMNI MODE OFF FNH 7CH 00H 1111 nnnn 0111 1100 0000 0000 When received, Mode 3 (Omni Off/Mono Off) is selected.

22 MC400A

REGOGNIZED RECEIVED DATA

Status Second Third Fourth Fifth

SONG SELECT F3H S 1111 0011 0sss ssss S=00H-62H (0-98 decimal) Switches to song mode and selects song # (must be 00H-62H). Also must already be in either song stop or pattern stop modes.

START FAH 1111 1010 Only if in song mode, this starts playback from start of current song. Selects MIDI playback clock.

TIMING CLOCK F8H 1111 1000 Recognized whenever in playback of a song or pattern while MIDI clock is selected (either by front panel or by Start status).

CONTINUE FBH 1111 1011 Resumes playback from the point where playback was stopped with a MIDI

“Stop”. If playback was stopped from the Drumtraks’ RUN/STOP switch (or

footswitch), Continue causes playback to start from the beginning.

STOP FCH 1111 1100 Stops song playback. MIDI clock inputs are ignored.

PROGRAM DUMP REQUEST F0H 01H 00H F7H 1111 0000 0000 0001 0000 0000 1111 0111 (SYSEX SCI ID REQUEST ID EOX) This initiates a complete program dump of song and pattern data. See Tables 3.3 through 3.7.

PROGRAM DUMP RECEIVE F0H 01H 06H D F7H 1111 0000 0000 0001 0000 0110 Data 1111 0111 (SYSEX SCI ID 400 ID EOX)

Data is 7680 song and pattern data bytes, formatted as 15,360 four-bit nibbles, right justified, LS nibble sent first. For data packing information, see Tables 3.3 through 3.7.

MC400A 23

REGOGNIZED RECEIVED DATA

Status Second Third Fourth Fifth

MOD WHEEL CHANGE

BNH 01H M 1011 nnnn 0000 0001 000m mmmm Successive MOD wheel changes can be received without repeating the status byte

PITCH WHEEL CHANGE

ENH Vls Vms 1110 nnnn 0vvv vvvv 0vvv vvvv LS byte MS byte Successive PITCH wheel changes can be received without repeating the status byte.

24 MC400A

TABLE 3.1 MIDI DRUM KEY ASSIGNMENT

Key Key number Instrument

B, C0 23H, 24H BASS

C#0 25H RIM

D0, E0 26H, 28H SNARE

D#0 27H CLAPS

F0, G0 29H, 2BH TOM 1

F#0, G#0 2AH, 2CH CLOSED HI-HAT

A0, B0 2DH, 2FH TOM 2

A#0 2EH OPEN HI-HAT

C#1 31H CRASH CYMBAL

D#1 33H RIDE CYMBAL

F#1 36H TAMBOURINE

G#1 38H COWBELL

A#1 3AH CABASA

TABLE 3.2 MIDI PITCH KEY ASSIGNMENT

Key Key number Pitch (decimal)

F#2 41H 00

G2 42H 01

G#2 43H 02

A2 44H 03

A#2 45H 04

B2 46H 05

C3 47H 06

C#3 48H 07

D3 49H 08

D#3 4AH 09

E3 4BH 10

F3 4CH 11

F#3 4DH 12

G3 4EH 13

G#3 4FH 14

A4-C4 50H-54H 15

MC400A 25

TABLE 3.3 400 DATA DUMP FORMAT

Bytes (Hex) Description

00H – C7H Song Pointers (see Table 3.4)

C8H – 18FH Pattern Pointers (see Table 3.5)

190H – 191H Pointer to Space After Song 99

192H – N Song Data (see Table 3.6)

N+1 – M-1 Unused Memory

M – 1DFFH Pattern Data (see Table 3.7 and 3.8)

A dump into the 400 dumps all pointer tables, song data, pattern data and unused

memory. All data must be maintained correctly, or the 400 could “crash” (for

example if songs or pattern pointers are not updated when changes are made in the lengths of songs or patterns).

TABLE 3.4 SONG POINTERS

Bytes (Hex) Description

00H – 01H Pointer to Song 00. Always equals 2392H. Pointer stored in LS - then - MS format.

02H – 03H Pointer to Song 01 “ “ C6H – C7H Pointer to Song 99

NOTE: Data memory for songs and patterns is from 2392H through 3FFFH, with songs at the start, patterns at the end and unused memory in the middle.

TABLE 3.5 PATTERN POINTERS

Bytes (Hex) Description

C8H – C9H Pointer to Pattern 00. Pointer is stored in LS - then

- MS format.

CAH – CBH Pointer to Pattern 01 “ “ 18EH – 18FH Pointer to Pattern 99

26 MC400A

TABLE 3.6 SONG DATA

Relative Byte Number Byte Description

0 0ttt tttt 00H-7FH - initial absolute tempo for

this song. or 1000 0000 No initial tempo

steps 0ppp pppp Pattern number P=00H-63H(0-99 decimal)

or 1000 vvvv V=0H-FH - relative volume decrease or 1001 vvvv V=0H-FH - relative volume inecrease

1010 tttt T=0H-FH - relative tempo decrease 1011 tttt T=0H-FH - relative tempo increase

or 1110 0000 Empty Step (deleted, but not reprogrammed)

END 1100 0000 End of Song

NOTE: An empty song still has two bytes programmed: the initial tempo (byte 0) and the END byte.

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TABLE 3.7 PATTERN DATA

Relative Byte Number Byte Description

0 d2nnn nnnn N = 01H-63H (1-99 decimal) Number of beats per measure (“numerator” of time signature)

1 d1sss eeee E=0-9, Error Correct (see Table 3.8) S=0-5, Swing (see Table 3.8)

2 d0mmm mmmm M= 00H-63H (1-99) decimal) Number of measures

D = 0-7, beat value (see Table 3.8) (“denominator” of time signature)

(event storage) two-byte event (normal) tttt tttt T = 00H-FFH (0-255 decimal) Time (1/96 note, 24 ppq) 00ea dddd e = Clock extend (time overflow) a = Accent On/Off D = Drum number (0H=CH, see Table 3.8)

Three-byte event (dynamic) tttt tttt 01ea dddd Same as above vvvv pppp V = 0H-FH, Volume for this event P = 0H-FH, Pitch for this event

END tttt tttt Time for End 1000 xxxx X = Don’t care

NOTE: An empty pattern still has five bytes programed: the three-byte prologue and two-byte END.

28 MC400A

TABLE 2.7 MISCELLANEOUS PARAMETER TABLES

ERROR CORRECT Value Note 0 1/2 1 1/4 2 1/6 3 1/8 4 1/12 5 1/16 6 1/24 7 1/32 8 1/48 9 1/96

SWING Value % 0 50 1 54 2 58 3 62 4 66 5 70

BEAT NOTE (denominator) Value Note 0 1/2 1 1/4 2 1/6 3 1/8 4 1/12 5 1/16 6 1/24 7 1/32

DRUM NUMBER Number Drum 0H BASS 1H SNARE 2H RIM 3H TOM 1 4H TOM2 5H CRSH CYMBAL 6H RIDE CYMBAL 7H CLOSED HI-HAT 8H OPEN HI-HAT 9H CLAPS AH TAMB BH COWBELL

CH CABASSA

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