Sentry CA756 Instruction Manual
GRAPHIC SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR
• The contents of this manual are subject to change without
notice.
• No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form
without the express written consent of the manufacturer.
• In no event will the manufacturer and its suppliers being
liable to you or any other person for any damages,
expenses, lost profits, lost savings or any other damages
arising out of use of or inability to use this calculator or
manual.
• In no event will the manufacturer and its suppliers being
liable to you or any other person for any damages,
expenses, lost profits, lost savings or any other damages
arising out of loss of data and/or formulas caused by use
of this calculator or manual.
• Due to limitations imposed by printing processes, the
displays shown in this manual are only approximations
and may differ somewhat from actual displays.
Introduction
Thank you for purchasing the Graphic Scientific
Calculation.
This unit is a totally new type of advanced programmable
calculator. Besides versatile scientific functions, graph
functions also make it possible to produce a wide variety of
useful graphs.
Manual calculations can be easily performed following
written formulas (true algebraic logic). A replay function is
provided that allows confirmation or correction when key
operation errors occur. Programs can also be input by
following true algebraic logic, so repeat and/or complex
calculations are simplified.
All of this power built into a compact configuration that folds
up to slip right into your pocket.
Be sure to carefully read this manual and keep it handy for
future reference.
Important–Reset your calculator before using it for the
first time!––––––––––––––
Important––Always back up data!––––––
This product features electronic memory that is capable of
storing large volumes of data. You must also remember
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that your data is safely stored as long as power is being
supplied to the memory. Data stored in memory will be
irreparably damaged or lost entirely if you let battery power
become too low, if you make a mistake while replacing
batteries, or if power is cut off. Data can also be damaged
by strong impact or electrostatic charge, or by
environmental extremes. Once data is damaged or lost, it
cannot be recovered, so we strongly recommend that you
back up all important data.
Contents
About the Power Supply ................................ 7
Battery replacement ..............................................................7
Auto Power Off function ......................................................... 7
Reset operation ...................................................................... 7
Handling Precautions ................................................ 8
1.General Guide ............................................... 9
1-1 Key Markings ............................................................... 9
1-2 How to Read the Display ........................................... 9
Display indicators ......................................................... 9
About the display layout ...............................................10
Exponential display ...................................................... 11
Special display formats ................................................12
1-3 Key Operations ...........................................................13
Special operation keys ................................................ 13
Numeric/Decimal point/Exponent input keys ............18
Calculation keys ................................................. 19
Graph keys ........................................................ 21
Function keys ..................................................... 21
Contrast adjustment ............................................ 25
1-4 Before Beginning Calculations .....................26
Calculation priority sequence .............................. 26
Number of stacks .............................................. 27
Calculation modes ............................................. 28
Number of input/output digits and Calculation
digits ................................................................ 29
Overflow and errors ........................................... 30
Number of input characters ................................. 31
Graphic and text displays .......................................... 31
Corrections ....................................................... 32
Memory ............................................................ 33
Memory expansion ............................................ 35
2. Manual Calculations ................................ 37
2-1 Basic Calculations ............................................ 37
Arithmetic operations .......................................... 37
Parenthesis calculations ..................................... 38
Memory calculations .......................................... 39
Specifying the number of decimal places,
the number of significant digits and the exponent
display ................................................................ 40
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2-2 Special Functions ............................................ 42
Answer (Ans) function ........................................ 42
Continuous calculation function ........................... 44
Replay function.................................................. 45
Error position display function .............................. 46
Multistatement function .......................................46
2-3 Functional calculations ............................... 47
Angular measurement units ............................... 47
Trigonometric functions and inverse
trigonometric functions ....................................... 49
Logarithmic and exponential functions .................. 50
Hyperbolic functions and inverse hyperbolic
functions .......................................................... 51
Coordinate transformation .................................. 52
Other functions ................................................. 53
Fractions ......................................................... 55
2-4 Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hexadecimal Calculations 57
Binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal conversions .... 59
Negative expressions ......................................... 59
Basic arithmetic operations using binary, octal,
decimal and hexadecimal values ........................ 60
Logical operations ............................................ 61
2-5 Statistical Calculations ............................... 62
Standard deviation ............................................ 62
Regression calculation ....................................... 64
Linear regression .............................................. 66
Logarithmic regression ...................................... 67
Exponential regression ...................................... 69
Power regression ............................................. 70
3. Graphs .............................................. 71
3-1 Built-in Function Graphs ............................. 71
Overdrawing built-in function graphs .................... 71
3-2 User Generated Graphs .............................. 72
Range parameters ............................................ 72
User generated function graphs .......................... 77
Function graph overdraw ................................... 77
Zoom function .................................................. 78
Trace function .................................................. 81
Plot function ..................................................... 84
Line function .................................................... 84
Graph scroll function ......................................... 86
3-3 Some Graphing Examples .......................... 88
4
4. Program Calculations .......................... 89
4-1 What is a Program? ..................................... 89
Formulas .......................................................... 89
Programming .................................................... 89
Program storage ................................................ 90
Program execution .............................................92
4-2 Program Checking and Editing .................... 93
(Correction, Addition, Deletion) ............................ 93
Formulas .......................................................... 94
Programming .................................................... 94
Program editing ................................................. 94
Program execution ............................................. 95
4-3 Program Debugging(Correcting Errors) ....... 97
Debugging when an error message is generated ....97
Error messages ................................................. 97
Checkpoints for each type of error ........................ 98
4-4 Counting the Number of Steps ........................99
4-5 Program Areas and Calculation Modes ...... 100
Program area and calculation mode specification
in the WRT mode ..............................................101
Cautions concerning the calculation modes ...........102
4-6 Erasing Programs ......................................102
Erasing a single program .................................. 102
Erasing all programs ........................................ 103
4-7 Convenient Program Commands ............... 104
Jump commands ............................................. 104
Unconditional jump ........................................... 104
Conditional jumps ........................................... 105
Count jumps .................................................... 108
Summary ........................................................ 111
Subroutines ..................................................... 112
4-8 Array-Type Memories ................................ 114
Using array-type memories ............................... 115
Cautions when using array-type memories .......... 115
Application of the array-type memories ............... 117
4-9 Displaying Alpha-Numeric Characters and
Symbols .........................................................119
Alpha-numeric characters and symbols ................119
4-10 Using the Graph Function in Programs ..... 121
Function Reference .................................123
Error Message Table ................................130
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Input Ranges of Functions ....................... 132
Specifications ....................................... 135
6
Battery Replacement
If the display becomes dim, replace the battery with new
one according to the following procedures.
Battery: CR2032 x 1
1. Turn off the Graphic Scientific Calculator.
2. With a screwdriver, remove the screws of back cover.
3. Remove the old battery and insert the new one
immediately (+ side must be UP).
4. Replace the back cover.
Auto Power Off function
The power of the unit is automatically switched off
approximately 6 minutes after the last key operation
(except during program calculations). Once this occurs,
power can be restored by pressing the key. (Numeric
values in the memories, programs or calculation modes are
unaffected when power is switched off.)
Reset operation
• Strong external electrostatic charges can cause this
calculator to malfunction. Should this happen,
perform the following procedure to reset the
calculator.
The following procedure clears all data from the memory of
the calculator and cannot be undone! To avoid the loss of
important data, be sure to always keep written backup
copies.
1.Press the RESET button on the back of the calculator
with a thin, pointed object.
Following the reset procedure described above, the
calculator is initialized as follows:
1.RUN mode
2.COMP mode
3.DEG mode
4.NORM1 mode
5.Decimal mode (for BASE-N calculations)
6.Variable memories cleared
7.Defm 0 (400 program steps)
8.Answer memory clear
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9.Program clear
10.Input buffer clear
11.Replay memory clear
* Never press the RESET button while internal
operations are being performed. Doing so can cause
irreparable damage to the memory of your calculator.
Handling precautions
• Avoid dropping your calculator and subjecting it to other
strong impacts.
• Do not store the calculator or leave it in areas exposed to
high temperatures, or humidity, or large amounts of dust.
when exposed to low temperatures, the calculator may
require more time to display results and may even fail to
operate. Correct operation will resume once the
calculator is brought back to normal temperature.
• The display will go blank and keys will not operate during
calculations. When you are operating the keyboard, be
sure to watch the display to make sure that all your key
operations are being performed correctly.
• Avoid using volatile liquids such as thinner or benzine to
clean the unit. Wipe it with a soft, dry cloth, or with a cloth
that has been dipped in a solution of water and a neutral
detergent and wrung out.
• Be sure that the power is off when replacing batteries.
• If the calculator is exposed to a strong electrostatic
charge, its memory contents may be damaged or the
keys may stop working. In such a case, perform the
Reset operation to clear the memory and restore normal
key operation.
• Note that strong vibration or impact during program
execution can cause execution to stop or can damage
the calculator's memory contents.
• Before assuming malfunction of the unit, be sure to
carefully reread this manual and ensure that the problem
is not due to insufficient battery power, programming or
operational errors.
The keys of this unit perform a number of different
functions. The key illustrated below, for example, is used to
perform 4 different functions:x-1, x!, A, /A.
Note the following, concerning the key illustrated above.
The keys of this calculator can perform a number of
different functions. The keyboard is color-coded to help you
quickly determine the key sequence you have to perform
for each function.
Display indicators
The following indicators appear on the display to show you
the current status of the calculator at a glance.
: key pressed.
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: key pressed.
: key pressed.
Sci: Number of significant digits specified.
Fix: Number of decimal places specified.
hyp: key pressed.
: Degrees specified at the unit of angular
measurement.
: Radians specified at the unit of angular
measurement.
: Grads specified at the unit of angular
measurement.
WRT : Program write mode ( ) specified.
PCL : Program clear mode ( ) specified.
X= : Indicates current x-and y-coordinate location of
Trace function pointer.
: Indicates display consists of more than 12
characters " " indicates extra characters run
off left side of display, " " indicates characters
run off right side.
: Indicates displayed value is intermediate result.
About the display layout
The display consists of a dot area for graphing, as well as
an area for indicators and characters. You can monitor the
status of the calculator and programs by viewing the
display.
Graph Display
Program WRTT mode
Exponential display
During normal calculation, this unit is capable of displaying
up to 10 digits. Values that exceed this limit, however, are
automatically displayed in exponential format. You can
choose between 2 different types of exponential display
formats.
NORM 1 mode: 10-2(0.01)> , 10
NORM 2 mode: 10-9(0.000000001)> , 10
10
10
Selection of these modes can be carried out by pressing
when no specification has been made for the
number of decimal places or significant digits. The present
status is not displayed, so it is necessary to perform the
following procedure to specify either display format:
Calculation Display
(All of the examples in this manual show calculation results
using the NORM 1 mode.)
How to interpret exponential format
Mode Status Display
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11
111
1.2x10
. 120,000,000,000
1.211 indicates that the result is equivalent to 1.2x1011. This
means that you should move the decimal point in 1.2
eleven places to the right, since the exponent is positive.
This results in the value 120,000,000,000.
1.2x10-3. 0.0012
-03
1.2
indicates that the result is equivalent to 1.2x10-3. This
means that you should move the decimal point in 1.2 three
places to left, since the exponent is negative. This results in
the value 0.0012.
Special display formats
Special display formats are used for the representation of
fraction, hexadecimal, and sexagesimal values.
• Fraction value display
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• Hexadecimal value display
• Sexagesimal value display
Special operation keys
Shift key
An will blink on the display to indicate that has
been pressed. Pressing again will cause the to
disappear form the display and the unit to return to the
status it was in before was originally pressed.
Mode key
Use the key in combination with through
, , , , and to specify the calculation
mode and the unit of angular measurement.
...For manual calculations and program
execution (RUN mode).
...WRT displayed. For writing or checking programs.
... PCL displayed. For clearing programs.
... displayed. If is pressed, unit of
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angular measurement is specified as
degrees.
... displayed. If is pressed, unit of
angular measurement is specified as radians.
... displayed. If is pressed, unit of
angular measurement is specified as grads.
... Fix displayed. Entering a value from 0 to 9
followed by will specify the number of
decimal places according to the value
entered.
Ex. 3 Three decimal places
... Sci displayed. Entering a value from 0 to 9
followed by will specify the number of
significant digits from 1 to 10.
Ex. 5 5 significant digits
0 10 significant digits
... Pressing will cancel the specified number
of decimal places or the specified number of
significant digits.
* If you have not specified the number of decimal places or
the number of significant digits, you can press
and then change the range of the exponential
display. (NORM 1/NORM 2)
* With the exception of the BASE-N mode, modes ~
can be used in combination with the manual
calculation modes.
* The mode last selected is retained in memory when the
unit's power is switched off.
... Defm displayed. Entering a value followed by
will specify the number of memories available.
Ex. 10 Number of memories
available increased by 10.
14
If is pressed without entering a value, the current
number of memories available and remaining steps will be
displayed .
... Specifies COMP mode for arithmetic
calculation or function calculation (program
execution possible).
... For binary, octal or hexadecimal calculations/
conversions (BASE-N mode).
... For standard deviation calculations (SD mode).
... For regression calculations (LR mode).
...Pressed after a numeric value
representing degrees (0) is input.
...Pressed after a numeric value
representing radians (r) is input.
...Pressed after a numeric value
representing grads (g) is input.
Alphabet key
Press to input alphabetic characters or special characters.
Pressing displays and allows the input of only
one character. After that, the unit returns to the status it
was in before the key was originally pressed.
Pressing followed by will lock the until in this
mode and allow consecutive input of alphabetic characters
until is pressed agian.
M-26 S-320
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Program/Goto key
Press , enter a value from 0 to 9 and then press
to execute a program.
Ex. 1 Execution of Program 1 begins
Pressing followed by will cause Goto to
appear on the display. This is a jump command used in
programs.
pressing displays it from the end. This allows the
formula to be executed again by changing the values.
Pressing followed by displays the insert cursor
( ). Entering a value while the insert cursor is displayed
inserts the value in the position immediately preceding the
insert cursor location.
Pressing followed by enters the "Lbl" (Label)
command.
Pressing followed by makes it possible to
produce line graphs or regression lines.
After you draw a graph, press to display a value
that shows the x-coordinate for the current location of the
pointer on the graph. You can switch between display of
the x-coordinate and the y-coordinate by pressing
.
Delete key
Press to delete the character at the current position of the
cursor. When the character is deleted, everything to the
right of the cursor position will shift one space to the left.
Pressing will clear the memory contents.
Cursor/Replay keys
All clear/Power ON/Power OFF key
Press to clear all input characters or formulas. You can also
The key moves the cursor (blinking "_" ) to the left
moves the cursor to the right. In the Plot function, the
key moves the pointer up, and moves the
pointer down. Once a formula or numeric value is input and
is pressed, the key and key become
"replay" keys. In this case, pressing displays the
formula or numeric value from the beginning, while
use this key to clear the Error message from the display.
Press to switch the power of the calculator on (even if
power was switched off by the Auto Power Off function).
Pressing switches the power of the calculator
off. Note that mode setting and memory contents are
protected even when power is turned off.
Execute key
Press to obtain the result of a calculation or to draw a
graph. pressed after data input for a programmed
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calculation or to advance to the next execution after a
calculation result is obtained.
Answer/Minus key
Pressing followed by will recall the last calculation
result. When used during program execution, the last result
calculated is recalled.
Press following key to entering a numeric value to
make that value negative.
Ex. -123 123
Press following key to input a space.
Numeric/Decimal point/Exponent input keys
Calculation keys
When entering numeric values, enter the number in order.
Press the key to enter the decimal point in the desired
position.
To input 1.23x10-6, press 1 23 6.
key combinations for the various modes are as
follows:
operation keys
For addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, enter
the calculation as it reads. key combinations for the
various modes are as follows:
COMP mode
Arithmetic
, ... Following , this key causes the
graph currently shown on the display to be enlarged or
reduced in accordance with the factor setting.
COMP mode or SD mode
... Coordinate transformation
LR mode
...Estimated value calculation of x and y
...Coordinate transformation
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Graph keys
Used to produce a variety of graphs.
These keys cannot be used in the BASE-N mode.
Graph/Original zoom key
• Press before entering a formula to be used for a graph
("Graph Y = " appears on the display).
• Press to return an enlarged or reduced graph to its
original size.
• When pressed following the key, the results of each
section of the programmed calculations or consecutive
calculations are sequentially displayed with each press of
.
Range/Factor key
• Used to confirm or set the range and size of graphs.
• Press following to magnify or reduce the upper and
lower ranges of graphs.
• Press following in order to assign the same value to
more than one memory.
Ex. To store the value 456 to memories A through F.
456
Trace/Plot key
• Used to trace over an existing graph and display the x or
y coordinate value.
• Press following to plot a point on the graph screen.
• To indicate data input within a programmed calculation or
repeat calculation, press and then .
Graph-text/Clear screen key
• Switches between the graph display and text display .
• clears the graph display (" done" is
displayed).
Function keys
Press for functional calculation. Various uses are available
in combination with the key, and/or depending on the
mode being used.
Multistatement key
• Press to separate formulas or commands in programmed
calculations or consecutive calculations.
The result of such combinations is known as a
multistatement .
• Press following in the BASE-N mode to enter the
logical operation for negation of logical sums (xnor).
Engineering/Negation key
• Press to convert a calculation result to an exponential
display whose exponent is a multiple of three.
• When obtaining logical negation for a value in the BASEN mode , press prior to entering the value.
• Press following the key in the BASE-N mode to
obtain the exclusive logical sum.
Square root/Integer key
• Press prior to entering a numeric value to obtain the
square root of the value.
• When pressed following the key, the integer portion
of a value can be obtained.
• Press followed by in the BASE-N mode to specify the
decimal calculation mode.
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• When pressed following the key in the BASE-N
mode, the subsequently entered value is specified as a
decimal value.
• When pressed following the key in the BASE-N
mode,the subsequently entered value is specified as an
octal value.
Square/Fraction key
• Press after a numeric value is entered to obtain the
square of that value.
• Press following key prior to inputting number in
order to obtain fraction part of that number.
• Press followed by in the BASE-N mode to specify the
hexadecimal calculation mode.
• When pressed following the key in the BASE-N
mode, the subsequently entered value is specified as a
hexadecimal value.
Common logarithm/Antilogarithm key
• Press prior to entering a value to obtain the common
logarithm of that value.
• When pressed following the key, the subsequently
entered value becomes an exponent of 10.
• Press followed by in the BASE-N mode to specity the
binary calculation mode.
• When pressed following the key in the BASE-N
mode,the subsequently entered value is specified as a
binary value.
Natural logarithm/Exponential key
• Press prior to entering a value to obtain the natural
logarithm of that value.
• When pressed following the key, the subsequently
entered value becomes an exponent of e.
• Press followed by in the BASE-N mode to specify the
octal calculation mode.
Reciprocal/Factorial key
• Press after entering a value to obtain the reciprocal of that
value.
• When pressed following the key, the factorial of a
previously entered value can be obtained.
• Press in the BASE-N mode to enter A (10
hexadecimal value.
10
) of a
Degree/minute/second key (decimal
sexagesimal key)
• Press to enter sexagesimal value (degree/minute/second
or hour/minute/second).
Ex. 78°45'12" 78 45 12
• When pressed following the key, a decimal based
value can be displayed in degrees/minutes/seconds
(hours/ minutes/seconds).
• Press in the BASE-N mode to enter B (1110) of a
hexadecimal value.
Hyperbolic key
• Pressing , and then , ,or prior to
entering a value produces the respective hyperbolic
function (sinh, cosh, tanh) for the value.
• Pressing , then , and then, , , or
prior to entering a value produces the respective
inverse hyperbolic function (sinh-1, cosh-1, tanh-1) for the value.
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• Press in the BASE-N mode to enter C (1210) of a
hexadecimal value.
Trigonometric function/
Inverse trigonometric
function keys .
• Press one of these keys prior to entering a value to obtain
the respective trigonometric function for the value.
• Press and then one of these keys prior to entering
a value to obtain the respective inverse trigonometric
function for the value.
• Press in the BASE-N mode to enter D, E, F (1310,1410,
1510) of a hexadecimal value.
Fraction/Negative key
• Use this key for input of simple fractions and mixed
fractions.
Ex. To input 23/45: 23 45
Parenthesis keys
• Press the open parenthesis key and the closed
parenthesis key at the position required in a formula.
• When pressed following the key, a comma or
semicolon can be inserted to separate the arguments in
coordinate transformation or consecutive calculations.
Power/Absolute value key
• Enter x (any number), press this key and then enter y
(any number) to compute x to the power of y. In the SD or
LR mode, this function is only available after pressing the
key.
• Press following the key to obtain the absolute value
of a subsequently entered numeric value.
• Press in the BASE-N mode to obtain a logical product
("and").
• Press in the SD or LR mode to delete input data.
To input 2-3/4: 2 3 4
• For improper fractions, press this key following
(indicated by in this manual).
• Press in the BASE-N mode prior to entering a value to
obtain the negative of that value. The negative number is
the two's complement of the value entered.
Assignment key
• Press prior to entering a memory to assign the result of a
calculation to that memory.
Ex. To assign the result of 12 + 45 to memory A: 12
45 .
• Press this key following to clear all data from the
statistical memories.
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Root/Cube root key
• Enter x, press this key and then enter y to calculate the
xth root of y. In the SD or LR mode, this function is only
available after pressing the key.
• Press following the key to obtain the cube root of a
subsequently entered numeric value.
• Press in the BASE-N mode to obtain a logical sum ("or").
• Used as a data input key in the SD or LR mode.
Contrast adjustment
Pressing the or key following the key
adjusts the contrast of the display. Pressing makes
the screen lighter, while makes it darker.
25
Pressing any other key besides , , or (as
well as , ) cancels contrast adjustment.
* If the display becomes dim and difficult to read, even if
you increase contrast, it probably means that battery
power is getting low. In such a case, replace batteries as
soon as possible.
* Contrast adjustment is impossible during range display
using the key or during factor display using the
key .
Calculation priority sequence
This calculator employs true algebraic logic to calculate the
parts of a formula in the following order:
Coordinate transformation
Pol (x,y), Rec (r, )
Type A functions
With these functions, the value is entered and then the
function key is pressed.
x2, x-1, x!, º , r, g,
o'
"
Power/root
xy,
Fractions
b/c
a
Abbreviated multiplication format in front of π, memory or
parenthesis 2π, 4R, etc.
Type B functions
With these functions, the function key is pressed and
then the value is entered.
√, 3√ , log, In, ex, 10x,sin, cos, tan, sin-1, cos-1, tan-1, sinh,
cosh, tanh, sinh-1, cosh-1, tanh-1, (-), Abs, Int, Frac,
parenthesis, (following in BASE-N calculations only) d,
h,b, o, Neg, Not
Abbreviated multiplication format in front of Type B
functions
2√3, A log2, etc.
x, ÷
+, –
and
or, xor, xnor
BASE-N calculations only.
Relational operators < , > , = , ≠ , ≤ , ≥
* When functions with the same priority are used in series,
execution is performed from right to left.
exIn√120 ex {In(√120)}
Otherwise, execution is from left to right.
* Compound functions are executed from right to left.
* Anything contained within parentheses receives highest
priority.
2 + 3 x (log sin2π 2 + 6.8)=22.07101691 (in the
"Rad" mode)
Number of stacks
This calculator uses a memory known as a "stack" for
temporary storage of low priority numeric values and
commands (functions, etc.). The numeric value stack has
10 levels, while the command stack has 24. If a formula
exceeds the stack space available, a stack error (Stk
ERROR) message appears on the display.
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Binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal conversion and
calculations, as well as logical operations. Function
calculations and graph drawing cannot be performed.
3.SD mode
Standard deviation calculation (single-variable statistics).
4. LR mode
Regression calculation (paired-variable statistics).
With so many modes available, calculations should always
be performed after confirming which mode is active.
* IMPORTANT: When the power of the unit is switched off
(including Auto Power Off), the current system mode is
cancelled, and the unit will be set to the RUN mode when
switched on again. However, the calculation mode,
number of decimal place setting ( n), number
of significant digits( n), and angle unit (Deg,
Rad, Gra) will be retained in memory.
* To return to standard operation ( initialized state) press
* Calculations are performed in sequence, with the highest
(COMP mode) (RUN mode)
priority operation first. Once a calculation is executed, it is
cleared from the stack.
Calculation modes
This unit features modes for manual calculations, storing
programs, and modes for general as well as statistical
calculations. The proper mode to suit calculational
requirements should be employed.
• Operation modes
There are a total of three operation modes.
(Norm mode).
Number of input/output digits and calculation digits
• The allowable input/output range (number of digits) of this
unit is 10 digits for a mantissa and 2 digits for an
exponent. Calculations, however, are internally
performed with a range of 12 digits for a mantissa and 2
digits for an exponent.
3 x 105 ÷ 7 =
1. RUN mode
Graph production as well as manual calculations and
program executions.
2. WRT mode
Program storage and editing.
3. PCL mode
Deletion of stored programs.
• Calculation modes
There are a total of six calculation modes which are
employed according to the type of calculation.
1. COMP mode
* Calculation results greater than 1010 ( 10 billion) or less
than 10-2 (0.01) are automatically displayed in exponential
form.
123456789 x 9638 =
General calculations, including functional calculations.
2. BASE-N mode
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Once a calculation is completed, the mantissa is rounded off to
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10 digits and displayed. And the displayed mantissa can be
used for the next calculation.
3 x 10 5 ÷ 7 =
* Values are stored in memory with 12 digits for the
mantissa and 2 digits for the exponent.
Overflow and errors
If the calculation range of the unit is exceeded, or incorrect
inputs are made, an error message will appear on the display
window and subsequent operation will be impossible. This is the
error check function. The following operations will result in
errors:
(1) The answer, whether intermediate or final, or any value
in memory exceeds the value of ±9.999999999x1099.
(2) An attempt is made to perform functional calculations
that exceed the input range.
(3) Improper operation during statistical calculations.
(Ex. Attempting to obtain X or xÓn without data
input.)
(4) The capacity of the numeric value stack or the
command stack is exceeded.
(Ex. Entering 23 successive 's followed by 2 3 4
)
(5) Even though memory has not been expanded, a
memory name such as Z [2] is used.
(6) Input errors are made.
(Ex.5 3 )
(7) When improper arguments are used in commands or
functions that require arguments. (i.e. Input of an
argument outside of the range of 0 ~ 9 for Sci or Fix.)
The following error messages will be displayed for the
operations noted above:
(1) ~ (3) Ma ERROR
(4) Stk ERROR
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(5) Mem ERROR
(6) Syn ERROR
(7) Arg ERROR
Besides these, there are a "Ne ERROR" (nesting error)
and a "Go ERROR". These errors mainly occur when using
programs.
Number of input characters
This unit features a 127-step area for calculation execution.
One function comprises one step. Each press of numeric or
, , and keys comprise one step. Though
such operations as require two key operations,
they actually comprise only one function and, therefore,
only one step. These steps can be confirmed using the
cursor. With each press of the or key the
cursor is moved one step.
Input characters are limited to 127-steps. Usually the
cursor is represented by a blinking "_", but once the 121st
step is reached the cursor changes to a blinking " " . If
the " " appears during a calculation, the calculation
should be divided at some point and performed in two
parts.
* When numeric values or calculation commands are input,
they appear on the display window from the left.
Calculational results, however, are displayed from the
right.
Graphic and text displays
This unit has a graph display for production of graphs, as
well as a text display for production of formulas and
commands. These two types of display contents are stored
independently of each other.
Switching between graph and text diplays is performed
using the key. Each press of switches from the
current type of display to the other.
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Operations to clear the display depend upon the type of
display being shown:
Graphs:
Text:
Pressing the key causes a cleared text display to
appear if pressed during a graph display.
Corrections
• To make corrections in a formula that is being input, use
the and keys to move to the position of the
error and press the correct keys.
To change an input of 122 to 123:
To change an input of cos60 to sin60:
* If, after making corrections, input of the formula is
complete, the answer can be obtained by pressing .
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If, However, more is to be added to the formula, advance
the cursor using the key to the end of the formula
for input.
• If an unnecessary character has been included in a
formula, use the and keys to move to the
position of the error and press the key. Each press
of will delete one command (one step).
To correct an input of 369 x x 2 to 369 x 2:
* If a character has been omitted from a formula, use the
and keys to move to the position where the
character should have been input, and press
followed by the key. Press and insertions
can be subsequently performed as desired.
To correct an input of 2.362 to sin2.362:
* When are pressed, the letter at the insertion
position is surrounded by " " and blinks.The insert
function is activated until you press , , or
or until you perform again.
Memory
This unit contains 26 standard memories. Memory names
are composed of the 26 letters of the alphabet. Numeric
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values with 12 digits for a mantissa and 2 digits for an
exponent can be stored.
To store 123.45 in memory A :
Values are assigned to a memory using the key
followed by the memory name.
To store the sum of memory A + 78.9 in
memory B :
TO add 74.12 to memory B :
•To check the contents of a memory , press the name of
the memory to be checked followed by .
•To clear the contents of a memory (make them 0), proceed
as follows:
To clear the contents of memory A only:
To clear the contents of all the memories:
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• To store the same numeric value to multiple memories,
press followed by .
To store a value of 10 in memories A through
J:
Memory expansion
Though there are 26 standard memories, they can be
expanded by changing program storage steps to memory.
Memory expansion is performed by converting 8 steps to
one memory.
Memory is expanded in units of one. A maximun of 50
memories can be added for a maximum total of 76 (26+50).
Expansion is performed by pressing , followed by , a
value representing the size of the expansion, and then ..
To expand the number of memories by 30 to bring
the total to 56:
The number of memories and number of remaining steps
are displayed. The number of remaining steps indicates the
current unused area, and will differ according to the size of
the program stored. To check the current number of
memories, press ,followed by ,and then .
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To initialize the number of memories (to return the number
to 26), enter a zero for the value in the memory expansion
sequence outlined above.
* Though a maximum of 50 memories can be added, if a
program has already been stored and the number of
remaining steps is less than the desired expansion, an
error will be generated. The size of the memory
expansion must be equal to or less than the number of
steps remaining.
* The expansion procedure ( expansion value) can
also be stored as a program.
Using expanded memories
•
Expanded memories are used in the same manner as
standard memories, and are referred to as Z[1], Z[2], etc.
The letter Z followed by a value in brackets indicating the
sequential position of the memory is used as the memory
name. (Brackets are formed by for "[" and
for "]".) After the number of memories has been expanded
by 5, memories Z[1] through Z[5] are available. The use of
these memories is similar to that of a standard computer
array, with a subscript being appended to the name.
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Manual Calculations
Arithmetic operations
• Arithmetic operations are performed by pressing the keys
in the same sequence as in the formula.
• For negative values, press before entering the
value.
• For mixed arithmetic operations, multiplication and
division are given priority over addition and subtraction.
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Parenthesis calculations
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Memory calculations
• The contents of memories are not erased when power is
off. They are cleared by pressing followed by
and then
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Specifying the number of decimal places, the
number of significant digits and the exponent
display
• To specify the number of decimal places, press
followed by , a value indicating the number of
places (0-9) and then .
• To specify the number of significant digits, press
followed by , a value indicating the number of
significant digits (0-9 to set from 1 to 10 digits) and then
.
• Pressing the key or followed by will cause
the exponent display for the number being displayed to
change in multiples of 3.
• The specified number of decimal places or number of
significant digits will not be cancelled until another value
or is specified using the sequence: , ,
.(Specified values are not cancelled even if power is
switched off or another mode (besides ) is
specified.)
• Even if the number of decimal places and number of
significant digits are specified, internal calculations are
performed in 12 digits for a mantissa, and the displayed
value is stored in 10 digits. To convert these values to the
specified number of decimal places and significant digits,
press followed by and then .
* You cannot specify the display format (Fix, Sci) while the
calculator is in the BASE-N mode. Such specifications
can only be made if you first exit the BASE-N mode.
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