Senao Co OA35705001 Users Manual

CHAPTER 12

Introducing the SMT

This chapter describes how to access the SMT and provides an overview of its menus.

12.1 Introduction to the SMT

The NOA-3570’s SMT (System Management Terminal) is a menu-driven interface that you can access from a terminal emulator through the console port or over a telnet connection. This chapter shows you how to access the SMT (System Management Terminal) menus, how to navigate the SMT and how to configure SMT menus.

12.2 Accessing the SMT via the Console Port

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Make sure you have the physical connection properly set up as described in the Quick Start Guide.

When configuring using the console port, you need a computer equipped with communications software configured to the following parameters:

• VT100 terminal emulation.

• 9600 Baud.

• No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, flow control set to none.

12.2.1 Initial Screen

When you turn on your NOA-3570, it performs several internal tests.

After the tests, the NOA-3570 asks you to press

[ENTER] to continue, as shown next.

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Figure 67 Initial Screen

Bootbase Version: V1.03 | 08/30/2004 16:28:56 RAM:Size = 64 Mbytes FLASH: Intel 128M

ZyNOS Version: V3.50(HV.0)b4 | 01/21/2005 14:25:43

Press any key to enter debug mode within 3 seconds.

..........................................................

.. (Compressed) Version: NOA-3570, start: 5012c030 Length: 46312C, Checksum: 4F98 Compressed Length: 161B28, Checksum: ED83

Copyright (c) 1994 - 2005 ZyXEL Communications Corp. initialize ch =0, ethernet address: 00:A0:C5:62:B0:DB initialize ch =1, ethernet address: 00:A0:C5:62:B0:DB initialize ch =2, ethernet address: 00:A0:C5:62:B0:DC initialize ch =3, ethernet address: 00:A0:C5:62:B0:DB initialize ch =4, ethernet address: 00:A0:C5:62:B0:DB initialize ch =5, ethernet address: 00:A0:C5:62:B0:DB initialize ch =6, ethernet address: 00:A0:C5:62:B0:DB initialize ch =7, ethernet address: 00:A0:C5:62:B0:DB initialize ch =8, ethernet address: 00:A0:C5:62:B0:DC initialize ch =9, ethernet address: 00:A0:C5:62:B0:DC initialize ch =10, ethernet address: 00:A0:C5:62:B0:DC initialize ch =11, ethernet address: 00:A0:C5:62:B0:DC initialize ch =12, ethernet address: 00:A0:C5:62:B0:DC Press ENTER to continue...

12.2.2 Entering the Password

The login screen appears after you press [ENTER], prompting you to enter the password, as shown below.

For your first login, enter the default password “1234”. As you type the password, the screen displays an “X” for each character you type.

Please note that if there is no activity for longer than five minutes after you log in, your NOA3570 will automatically log you out and display a blank screen. If you see a blank screen, press [ENTER] to bring up the login screen again.

Figure 68 Password Screen

Enter Password : XXXX

132 Chapter 12 Introducing the SMT

12.3 Accessing the SMT via Telnet

The following procedure details how to telnet into your NOA-3570.

1 In Windows, click Start (usually in the bottom left corner), Run and then type “telnet

192.168.1.2” (the default IP address) and click OK.

2 For your first login, enter the default password “1234”. As you type the password, the

screen displays an asterisk “*” for each character you type.

Figure 69 Login Screen

Password : xxxx

3 After entering the password you will see the main menu.

Please note that if there is no activity for longer than five minutes (default timeout period) after you log in, your NOA-3570 will automatically log you out. You will then have to telnet into the NOA-3570 again. You can use the web configurator or the CI commands to change the inactivity time out period.

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

12.4 Navigating the SMT Interface

The SMT (System Management Terminal) is the interface that you use to configure your NOA-3570.

Several operations that you should be familiar with before you attempt to modify the configuration are listed in the table below.

Table 43 Main Menu Commands NOA-3570

OPERATION KEYSTROKE DESCRIPTION

Move down to another menu

Move up to a previous menu

Move to a “hidden” menu

Move the cursor [ENTER] or [UP]/

Entering information Type in or press

[ENTER] To move forward to a submenu, type in the number of the

[ESC] Press [ESC] to move back to the previous menu.

Press [SPACE BAR] to change No to Yes then press [ENTER].

[DOWN] arrow keys.

[SPACE BAR], then press [ENTER].

desired submenu and press [ENTER].

Fields beginning with “Edit” lead to hidden menus and have a default setting of No. Press [SPACE BAR] once to change No to Yes, then press [ENTER] to go to the “hidden” menu.

Within a menu, press [ENTER] to move to the next field. You can also use the [UP]/[DOWN] arrow keys to move to the previous and the next field, respectively.

When you are at the top of a menu, press the [UP] arrow key to move to the bottom of a menu.

You need to fill in two types of fields. The first requires you to type in the appropriate information. The second allows you to cycle through the available choices by pressing [SPACE BAR].

Chapter 12 Introducing the SMT 133

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Table 43 Main Menu Commands NOA-3570

OPERATION KEYSTROKE DESCRIPTION

Required fields <?> or ChangeMe All fields with the symbol <?> must be filled in order to be

N/A fields <N/A> Some of the fields in the SMT will show a <N/A>. This

Save your configuration

Exit the SMT Type 99, then press

After you enter the password, the SMT displays the main menu, as shown next.

Figure 70 SMT Main Menu

able to save the new configuration. All fields with ChangeMe must not be left blank in order to

be able to save the new configuration.

symbol refers to an option that is Not Applicable.

[ENTER] Save your configuration by pressing [ENTER] at the

message “Press ENTER to confirm or ESC to cancel”. Saving the data on the screen will take you, in most cases to the previous menu.

Make sure you save your settings in each screen that you configure.

Type 99 at the main menu prompt and press [ENTER] to

[ENTER].

exit the SMT interface.

NOA-3570 Main Menu

Getting Started Advanced Management

1. General Setup 22. SNMP Configuration

3. LAN Setup 23. System Security

24. System Maintenance

Advanced Applications

14. Dial-in User Setup

16. VLAN Setup

99. Exit

Enter Menu Selection Number:

12.4.1 System Management Terminal Interface Summary

Table 44 Main Menu Summary NOA-3570

# MENU TITLE DESCRIPTION

1 General Setup Use this menu to set up your general information.

3 LAN Setup Use this menu to set up your LAN and WLAN connection.

14 Dial-in User Setup Use this menu to set up local user profiles on the NOA-3570.

16 VLAN Setup Use this menu to set up your VLAN ID.

22 SNMP Configuration Use this menu to set up SNMP related parameters.

134 Chapter 12 Introducing the SMT

Table 44 Main Menu Summary NOA-3570

# MENU TITLE DESCRIPTION

23 System Security Use this menu to change your password and enable network user

24 System Maintenance This menu provides system status, diagnostics, software upload, etc.

99 Exit Use this to exit from SMT and return to a blank screen.

12.4.2 SMT Menus Overview

The following table gives you an overview of your NOA-3570’s various SMT menus.

Table 45 SMT Menus Overview NOA-3570

MENUS SUB MENUS

1 General Setup

3 LAN Setup 3.1 LAN Port Filter Setup

3.2 TCP/IP Setup

3.5 Wireless LAN Setup 3.5.1 WLAN MAC Address Filter

14 Dial-in User Setup 14.1 Edit Dial-in User Setup

16 VLAN Setup

22 SNMP Configuration

23 System Security 23.1 Change Password

23.2 RADIUS Server

23.4 IEEE802.1x

24 System Maintenance 24.1 System Status

24.2 System Information and Console Port Speed

24.3 Log and Trace 24.3.1 View Error Log

24.4 Diagnostic

24.5 Backup Configuration

24.6 Restore Configuration

24.7 Upload Firmware 24.7.1 Upload System Firmware

24.8 Command Interpreter Mode

24.10 Time and Date Setting

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

authentication.

3.5.4 Bridge Link Configuration

24.2.1 System Information

24.2.2 Console Port Speed

24.3.2 Syslog Logging

24.3.4 Call-Triggering Packet

24.7.2 Upload System Configuration File

Chapter 12 Introducing the SMT 135

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12.5 Changing the System Password

Change the NOA-3570 default password by following the steps shown next.

1 From the main menu, enter 23 to display Menu 23 – System Security.

2 Enter 1 to display Menu 23.1 – System Security – Change Password as shown next.

3 Type your existing system password in the Old Password field, and press [ENTER].

Figure 71 Menu 23.1 System Security: Change Password

Menu 23.1 – System Security – Change Password Old Password= **** New Password= ? Retype to confirm= ? Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL:

4 Type your new system password in the New Password field (up to 30 characters), and

press [ENTER].

5 Re-type your new system password in the Retype to confirm field for confirmation and

press [ENTER].

Note that as you type a password, the screen displays an asterisk “*” for each character you type.

136 Chapter 12 Introducing the SMT

The chapter shows you the information on general setup.

13.1 General Setup

Menu 1 – General Setup contains administrative and system-related information (shown next). The System Name field is for identification purposes. It is recommended you type your computer's "Computer name".

The Domain Name entry is what is propagated to the DHCP clients on the LAN. While you must enter the host name (System Name) on each individual computer, the domain name can be assigned from the NOA-3570 via DHCP.

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 13

General Setup

13.1.1 Procedure To Configure Menu 1

Enter 1 in the main menu to open Menu 1 – General Setup as shown next.

Figure 72 Menu 1 General Setup

Menu 1 - General Setup

System Name= NOA-3570 Domain Name=

First System DNS Server= From DHCP IP Address= N/A Second System DNS Server= None IP Address= N/A Third System DNS Server= None IP Address= N/A

Chapter 13 General Setup 137

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Fill in the required fields. Refer to the following table for more information about these fields.

Table 46 Menu 1 General Setup

FIELD DESCRIPTION

System Name Choose a descriptive name for identification purposes. This name can be up to

Domain Name This is not a required field. Leave this field blank or enter the domain name

First/Second/Third System DNS Server

IP Address Enter the IP addresses of the DNS servers. This field is available when you

When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt “Press ENTER to Confirm…” to save your configuration, or press [

30 alphanumeric characters long. Spaces are not allowed, but dashes “-” and underscores "_" are accepted.

here if you know it.

Press [SPACE BAR] to select From DHCP, User-Defined or None and press [ENTER].

These fields are not available on all models.

select User-Defined in the field above.

ESC] at any time to cancel.

138 Chapter 13 General Setup

This chapter shows you how to configure the LAN on your NOA-3570.

14.1 LAN Setup

This section describes how to configure the Ethernet using Menu 3 – LAN Setup. From the main menu, enter 3 to display menu 3.

Figure 73 Menu 3 LAN Setup

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 14

LAN Setup

Menu 3 - LAN Setup

2. TCP/IP Setup

5. Wireless LAN Setup

Enter Menu Selection Number:

14.2 TCP/IP Ethernet Setup

Use menu 3.2 to configure your NOA-3570 for TCP/IP.

To edit menu 3.2, enter 3 from the main menu to display Menu 3-LAN Setup. When menu 3 appears, press 2 and press [ENTER] to display Menu 3.2-TCP/IP Setup, as shown next

Chapter 14 LAN Setup 139

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Figure 74 Menu 3.2 TCP/IP Setup

Follow the instructions in the following table on how to configure the fields in this menu.

Table 47 Menu 3.2 TCP/IP Setup NOA-3570

FIELD DESCRIPTION

Menu 3.2 - TCP/IP Setup IP Address Assignment= Static IP Address= 192.168.1.2 IP Subnet Mask= 255.255.255.0 Gateway IP Address= 0.0.0.0

IP Address Assignment

IP Address Enter the (LAN) IP address of your NOA-3570 in dotted decimal notation

IP Subnet Mask Your NOA-3570 will automatically calculate the subnet mask based on the IP

Gateway IP Address

When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt “Press ENTER to Confirm…” to save your configuration, or press [

Press [SPACE BAR] and then [ENTER] to select Dynamic to have the NOA-3570 obtain an IP address from a DHCP server. You must know the IP address assigned to the NOA-3570 (by the DHCP server) to access the NOA-3570 again.

Select Static to give the NOA-3570 a fixed, unique IP address. Enter a subnet mask appropriate to your network and the gateway IP address if applicable.

address that you assign. Unless you are implementing subnetting, use the subnet mask computed by the NOA-3570.

Type the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is an immediate neighbor of your NOA-3570 that will forward the packet to the destination. On the LAN, the gateway must be a router on the same network segment as your NOA-3570.

14.3 Wireless LAN Setup

Use menu 3.5 to set up your NOA-3570 as the wireless access point. To edit menu 3.5, enter 3 from the main menu to display Menu 3 – LAN Setup. When menu 3 appears, press 5 and then press [ENTER] to display Menu 3.5 – Wireless LAN Setup as shown next.

ESC] at any time to cancel.

140 Chapter 14 LAN Setup

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Figure 75 Menu 3.5 Wireless LAN Setup

Menu 3.5 - Wireless LAN Setup

WLAN Adapter= WLAN 1 Operating Mode= Access Point Name (SSID)= ZyXEL Hide Name (SSID)= No Edit MAC Address Filter= No Channel ID= CH06 2437MHz Edit Roaming Configuration= No RTS Threshold= 2432 Edit Br idge Link Configura tion= N/A Frag. Threshold= 2432 Preamble= Long WEP Encryption= Disable 802.11 Mode= Mixed Default Key= N/A Max. Frame Burst= 650 Key1= N/A VLAN ID= 1 Key2= N/A Block Intra-BSS Traffic= No Key3= N/A Output Power= 21dBm Key4= N/A Authen. Method= N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

The following table describes the fields in this menu.

Table 48 Menu 3.5 Wireless LAN Setup NOA-3570

FIELD DESCRIPTION

WLAN Adapter Index Press [SPACE BAR] and select a wireless LAN adapter to configure.

Operating Mode Press [SPACE BAR] and select Access Point, Multiple ESS, Bridge /

Repeater or AP + Bridge.

Name (SSID) The SSID (Service Set IDentity) identifies the AP to which the wireless stations

associate. Wireless stations associating to the AP must have the same ESSID. Enter a descriptive name of up to 32 printable 7-bit ASCII characters.

This field is only available when you select Access Point or AP + Bridge in the Operating Mode field.

Hide Name (SSID) Press [SPACE BAR] and select Yes to hide the ESSID in the outgoing data

RTS Threshold Setting this attribute to zero turns on the RTS/CTS handshake. Enter a value

Frag. Threshold This is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. Enter a value

WEP Encryption Select Disable to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points

Default Key Enter the key number (1 to 4) in this field. Only one key can be enabled at any

frame so an intruder cannot obtain the ESSID through passive scanning.

between 0 and 2432.

between 800 and 2432.

without any data encryption. Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to enable data encryption.

one time. This key must be the same on the NOA-3570 and the wireless stations to communicate.

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Table 48 Menu 3.5 Wireless LAN Setup NOA-3570

FIELD DESCRIPTION

Key 1 to Key 4 The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the NOA-3570 and the wireless

Authen. Method Press [SPACE BAR] to select Auto, Open System Only or Shared Key Only

Edit MAC Address Filter

Edit Roaming Configuration

Edit Bridge Link Configuration

Preamble Select a preamble type from the drop-down list menu. Choices are Long, Short

802.11 Mode Select 802.11b Only to allow only IEEE 802.11b compliant WLAN devices to

Max. Frame Burst Enable Maximum Frame Burst to help eliminate collisions in mixed-mode

VLAN ID The NOA-3570 supports IEEE 802.1 tagged VLAN for partioning a physical

Block Intra-BSS Traffic

Output Power Level Press [SPACE BAR] to select the amount of power you want the NOA-3570 to

When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt “Press ENTER to confirm or ESC to cancel” to save your configuration or press [ESC] to cancel and go back to the previous screen.

stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission. If you chose 64-bit WEP in the WEP Encryption field, then enter any 5 ASCII

characters or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F"). If you chose 128-bit WEP in the WEP Encryption field, then enter 13 ASCII

characters or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F").

Note: Enter “0x” before the key to denote a hexadecimal key. Don’t enter “0x” before the key to denote an ASCII key.

and press [ENTER]. This field is N/A if WEP is not activated. If WEP encryption is activated, the default setting is Auto.

Press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes and press [ENTER] to display Menu 3.5.1 - WLAN MAC Address Filter.

Press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes and press [ENTER] to display Menu 3.5.2 - Roaming Configuration.

Use [SPACE BAR] to choose Ye s and press [ENTER] to go to Menu 3.5.4 - Bridge Link Configuration.

and Dynamic. The default setting is Long. See the section on preamble for more information.

associate with the NOA-3570. Select 802.11g Only to allow only IEEE 802.11g compliant WLAN devices to

associate with the NOA-3570. Select Mixed to allow either IEEE802.11b or IEEE802.11g compliant WLAN

devices to associate with the NOA-3570. The transmission rate of your NOA3570 might be reduced.

networks (networks with both IEEE 802.11g and IEEE 802.11b traffic) and enhance the performance of both pure IEEE 802.11g and mixed IEEE 802.11b/ g networks. Maximum Frame Burst sets the maximum time, in microseconds, that the NOA-3570 transmits IEEE 802.11g wireless traffic only.

Type the maximum frame burst between 0 and 1800 (650, 1000 or 1800 recommended). Enter 0 to disable this feature.

network into multiple logical networks. Enter a number from 1 to 4094 to set the VLAN ID tag that the NOA-3570 adds to the Ethernet frames that this WLAN adapter receives from wireless clients or other APs.

Press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes to only allow wireless stations to communicate with the wired network, not with each other.

Press [SPACE BAR] to select No to allow wireless stations connected to the NOA-3570 to communicate with each other.

use for the wireless signal. If there is a high density of APs within an area, decrease the output power of the NOA-3570 to reduce interference with other

APs. The options are 21dBm, 19dBm, 17dBm or 15dBm.

142 Chapter 14 LAN Setup

14.3.1 Configuring MAC Address Filter

Your NOA-3570 checks the MAC address of the wireless station device against a list of allowed or denied MAC addresses. However, intruders could fake allowed MAC addresses so MAC-based authentication is less secure than EAP authentication.

Follow the steps below to create the MAC address table on your NOA-3570.

1 From the main menu, enter 3 to open Menu 3 – LAN Setup.

2 Enter 5 to display Menu 3.5 – Wireless LAN Setup.

Figure 76 Menu 3.5 Wireless LAN Setup

Menu 3.5 - Wireless LAN Setup

Operating Mode= Access Point Name (SSID)= ZyXEL Hide Name (SSID)= No Edit MAC Address Filter= Yes Channel ID= CH06 2437MHz Edit Roaming Configuration= No RTS Threshold= 2432 Edit Bridge Link Configuration= N/A Frag. Threshold= 2432 Preamble= Long WEP Encryption= Disable 802.11 Mode= Mixed Default Key= N/A Max. Frame Burst= 650 Key1= N/A Block Intra-BSS Traffic= No Key2= N/A Output Power Level= 4 Key3= N/A Key4= N/A Authen. Method= N/A

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Press Space Bar to Toggle.

3 Press [SPACE BAR] to select Access Point or AP + Bridge in the Operating Mode

field and press [ENTER].

4 In the Edit MAC Address Filter field, press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes and press

[ENTER]. Menu 3.5.1 – WLAN MAC Address Filter displays as shown next.

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Figure 77 Menu 3.5.1 WLAN MAC Address Filter

Menu 3.5.1 - WLAN MAC Address Filter

Active= No Filter Action= Allowed Association

----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1= 00:00:00:00:00:00 13= 00:00:00:00:00:00 25= 00:00:00:00:00:00 2= 00:00:00:00:00:00 14= 00:00:00:00:00:00 26= 00:00:00:00:00:00 3= 00:00:00:00:00:00 15= 00:00:00:00:00:00 27= 00:00:00:00:00:00 4= 00:00:00:00:00:00 16= 00:00:00:00:00:00 28= 00:00:00:00:00:00 5= 00:00:00:00:00:00 17= 00:00:00:00:00:00 29= 00:00:00:00:00:00 6= 00:00:00:00:00:00 18= 00:00:00:00:00:00 30= 00:00:00:00:00:00 7= 00:00:00:00:00:00 19= 00:00:00:00:00:00 31= 00:00:00:00:00:00 8= 00:00:00:00:00:00 20= 00:00:00:00:00:00 32= 00:00:00:00:00:00 9= 00:00:00:00:00:00 21= 00:00:00:00:00:00 10= 00:00:00:00:00:00 22= 00:00:00:00:00:00 11= 00:00:00:00:00:00 23= 00:00:00:00:00:00 12= 00:00:00:00:00:00 24= 00:00:00:00:00:00

----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Enter here to CONFIRM or ESC to CANCEL:

The following table describes the fields in this menu.

Table 49 Menu 3.5.1 WLAN MAC Address Filter NOA-3570

FIELD DESCRIPTION

Active To enable MAC address filtering, press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes and press

[ENTER].

Filter Action Define the filter action for the list of MAC addresses in the MAC address filter

MAC Address Filter

1..32 Enter the MAC addresses (in XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX format) of the client

When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt “Press ENTER to confirm or ESC to cancel” to save your configuration or press [ESC] to cancel and go back to the previous screen.

table. To deny access to the NOA-3570, press [SPACE BAR] to select Deny

Association and press [ENTER]. MAC addresses not listed will be allowed to access the router.

The default action, Allowed Association, permits association with the NOA-

3570. MAC addresses not listed will be denied access to the router.

computers that are allowed or denied access to the NOA-3570 in these address fields.

14.3.2 Configuring Roaming

Follow the steps below to configure roaming on your NOA-3570.

1 From the main menu, enter 3 to open Menu 3 – LAN Setup.

2 Enter 5 to display Menu 3.5 – Wireless LAN Setup.

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Figure 78 Menu 3.5 Wireless LAN Setup

Menu 3.5 - Wireless LAN Setup

Operating Mode= Access Point Name (SSID)= ZyXEL Hide Name (SSID)= No Edit MAC Address Filter= No Channel ID= CH06 2437MHz Edit Roaming Configuration= No RTS Threshold= 2432 Edit Bridge Link Configuration= N/A Frag. Threshold= 2432 Preamble= Long WEP Encryption= Disable 802.11 Mode= Mixed Default Key= N/A Max. Frame Burst= 650 Key1= N/A Block Intra-BSS Traffic= No Key2= N/A Output Power Level= 4 Key3= N/A Key4= N/A Authen. Method= N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

3 In the Operating Mode field, press [SPACE BAR] to select AP or AP + Bridge and

press [ENTER].

4 Move the cursor to the Edit Roaming Configuration field. Press [SPACE BAR] to

select Yes and press [ENTER]. Menu 3.5.2 – Roaming Configuration displays as shown next.

Figure 79 Menu 3.5.2 - Roaming Configuration

Menu 3.5.2 - Roaming Configuration

Active= No Port #= N/A

The following table describes the fields in this menu.

Chapter 14 LAN Setup 145

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Table 50 Menu 3.5.2 - Roaming Configuration NOA-3570

FIELD DESCRIPTION

Active Press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes from the drop-down list box to enable

roaming on the NOA-3570 if you have two or more NOA-3570s on the same subnet.

Note: All APs on the same subnet and the wireless stations must have the same SSID to allow roaming.

Port Type the port number to communicate roaming information between access

points. The port number must be the same on all access points. The default is

3517. Make sure this port is not used by other services.

When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt “Press ENTER to confirm or ESC to cancel” to save your configuration or press [ESC] to cancel and go back to the previous screen.

14.3.3 Configuring Bridge Link

Follow the steps below to configure bridge link on your NOA-3570.

1 From the main menu, enter 3 to open Menu 3 – LAN Setup.

2 Enter 5 to display Menu 3.5 – Wireless LAN Setup.

Figure 80 Menu 3.5 Wireless LAN Setup

Menu 3.5 - Wireless LAN Setup

Operating Mode= Bridge / Repeater Name (SSID)= N/A Hide Name (SSID)= N/A Edit MAC Address Filter= N/A Channel ID= CH06 2437MHz Edit Roaming Configuration= N/A RTS Threshold= 2432 Edit Bridge Link Configuration= Yes Frag. Threshold= 2432 Preamble= Long WEP Encryption= Disable 802.11 Mode= Mixed Default Key= N/A Max. Frame Burst= 650 Key1= N/A Block Intra-BSS Traffic= No Key2= N/A Output Power Level= 4 Key3= N/A Key4= N/A Authen. Method= N/A

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

Press Space Bar to Toggle.

3 In the Operating Mode field, press [SPACE BAR] to select Bridge / Repeater or AP

+ Bridge and press [ENTER].

146 Chapter 14 LAN Setup

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4 Move the cursor to the Edit Bridge Link Configuration field. Press [SPACE BAR] to

select Yes and press [ENTER]. Menu 3.5.4 – Bridge Link Configuration displays as shown next.

Figure 81 Menu 3.5.4 - Bridge Link Configuration

Menu 3.5.4 - Bridge Link Configuration

Enable Link 1= No Peer MAC Address= 00:00:00:00:00:00 PSK= N/A Enable Link 2= No Peer MAC Address= 00:00:00:00:00:00 PSK= N/A Enable Link 3= No Peer MAC Address= 00:00:00:00:00:00 PSK= N/A Enable Link 4= No Peer MAC Address= 00:00:00:00:00:00 PSK= N/A Enable Link 5= No Peer MAC Address= 00:00:00:00:00:00 PSK= N/A

Enable WDS Security= No

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

The following table describes the fields in this menu.

Table 51 Menu 3.5.4 Bridge Link Configuration NOA-3570

FIELD DESCRIPTION

Enable Link 1-6 Press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes or No and press [ENTER].

Peer MAC Address Type the MAC address of a wireless bridge in valid MAC address format, that

Enable WDS Security A Wireless Distribution System (WDS) is a wireless connection between two or

is, six hexadecimal character pairs, for example, 12:34:56:78:9a:bc.

more APs. Press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes to use TKIP to encrypt traffic on the WDS

between APs. When you enable WDS security, type a Pre-Shared Key (PSK) for each link.

Note: Other wireless bridges must use the same encryption method to enable WDS security.

PSK When you enable WDS, type a Pre-Shared Key (PSK) for each link. The pre-

shared key can be from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters (including spaces and symbols).

When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt “Press ENTER to confirm or ESC to cancel” to save your configuration or press [ESC] to cancel and go back to the previous screen.

Chapter 14 LAN Setup 147

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148 Chapter 14 LAN Setup

This chapter shows you how to create user accounts on the NOA-3570.

15.1 Dial-in User Setup

By storing user profiles locally, your NOA-3570 is able to authenticate wireless users without interacting with a network RADIUS server.

Follow the steps below to set up user profiles on your NOA-3570.

From the main menu, enter 14 to display Menu 14 - Dial-in User Setup.

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 15

Dial-in User Setup

Figure 82 Menu 14- Dial-in User Setup

Menu 14 - Dial-in User Setup

1. ________ 9. ________ 17. ________ 25. ________

2. ________ 10. ________ 18. ________ 26. ________

3. ________ 11. ________ 19. ________ 27. ________

4. ________ 12. ________ 20. ________ 28. ________

5. ________ 13. ________ 21. ________ 29. ________

6. ________ 14. ________ 22. ________ 30. ________

7. ________ 15. ________ 23. ________ 31. ________

8. ________ 16. ________ 24. ________ 32. ________

Enter Menu Selection Number:

Type a number and press [ENTER] to edit the user profile.

Figure 83 Menu 14.1- Edit Dial-in User

Menu 14.1 - Edit Dial-in User User Name= test Active= Yes Password= ******** Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Leave name field blank to delete profile

The following table describes the fields in this screen.

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Table 52 Menu 14.1- Edit Dial-in User NOA-3570

FIELD DESCRIPTION

User Name Enter a username up to 31 alphanumeric characters long for this user profile.

Active Press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes and press [ENTER] to enable the user

Password Enter a password up to 31 characters long for this user profile.

When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt “Press ENTER to confirm or ESC to cancel” to save your configuration or press [ESC] to cancel and go back to the previous screen.

This field is case sensitive.

profile.

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This chapter explains VLAN setup menu 16. Refer to the web configurator VLAN chapter for background information on VLAN.

16.1 VLAN Setup

To setup VLAN, select option 16 from the main menu to open Menu 16 – VLAN Setup as shown next.

Figure 84 Menu 16 VLAN Setup

Menu 16 - VLAN Setup

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 16

VLAN Setup

VLAN Tagging= Yes Native VLAN ID= 1

The following table describes the fields in this menu.

Table 53 Menu 16 VLAN Setup

FIELD DESCRIPTION

VLAN Tagging To enable VLAN tagging, press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes and press

[ENTER].

Native VLAN ID This field is activated only when you select Yes in the VLAN Tagging field.

Enter a number from 1 to 4094 to specify the ID of the management VLAN. Your management computer must belong to this VLAN group in order to manage the NOA-3570. This can be done in the following ways:

• The management computer could be a wireless client of the NOA-3570 if the NOA-3570’s WLAN adapter is set to add the add the management VLAN ID tag to Ethernet frames received from wireless clients.

• The management computer could be on the wired network, behind a VLAN-aware switch that is configured to add the management VLAN ID tag to Ethernet frames from the computer before sending them to NOA-

3570.

Note: Mail and FTP servers must have the same management VLAN ID to communicate with the NOA-3570.

When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt “Press ENTER to confirm or ESC to cancel” to save your configuration or press [ESC] to cancel and go back to the previous screen.

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152 Chapter 16 VLAN Setup

This chapter explains SNMP Configuration menu 22.

17.1 About SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol is a protocol used for exchanging management information between network devices. SNMP is a member of the TCP/IP protocol suite. Your NOA-3570 supports SNMP agent functionality, which allows a manager station to manage and monitor the NOA-3570 through the network. The NOA-3570 supports SNMP version one (SNMPv1) and version two c (SNMPv2c). The next figure illustrates an SNMP management operation. SNMP is only available if TCP/IP is configured.

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 17

SNMP Configuration

Figure 85 SNMP Management Model

An SNMP managed network consists of two main components: agents and a manager.

An agent is a management software module that resides in a managed device (the NOA-3570). An agent translates the local management information from the managed device into a form compatible with SNMP. The manager is the console through which network administrators perform network management functions. It executes applications that control and monitor managed devices.

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The managed devices contain object variables/managed objects that define each piece of information to be collected about a device. Examples of variables include the number of packets received, node port status etc. A Management Information Base (MIB) is a collection of managed objects. SNMP allows a manager and agents to communicate for the purpose of accessing these objects.

SNMP itself is a simple request/response protocol based on the manager/agent model. The manager issues a request and the agent returns responses using the following protocol operations:

• Get - Allows the manager to retrieve an object variable from the agent.

• GetNext - Allows the manager to retrieve the next object variable from a table or list within an agent. In SNMPv1, when a manager wants to retrieve all elements of a table from an agent, it initiates a Get operation, followed by a series of GetNext operations.

• Set - Allows the manager to set values for object variables within an agent.

• Trap - Used by the agent to inform the manager of some events.

17.2 Supported MIBs

The NOA-3570 supports RFC-1215 and MIB II as defined in RFC-1213. The focus of the MIBs is to let administrators collect statistic data and monitor status and performance.

17.3 SNMP Configuration

To configure SNMP, select option 22 from the main menu to open Menu 22 – SNMP Configuration as shown next. The “community” for Get, Set and Trap fields is SNMP

terminology for password.

Figure 86 Menu 22 SNMP Configuration

Menu 22 - SNMP Configuration

SNMP: Get Community= public Set Community= public Trusted Host= 0.0.0.0 Trap: Community= public Destination= 0.0.0.0

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

The following table describes the SNMP configuration parameters.

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Table 54 Menu 22 SNMP Configuration NOA-3570

FIELD DESCRIPTION

SNMP:

Get Community Type the Get Community, which is the password for the incoming Get- and

GetNext requests from the management station.

Set Community Type the Set Community, which is the password for incoming Set requests from

Trusted Host If you enter a trusted host, your NOA-3570 will only respond to SNMP messages

Trap:

Community Type the trap community, which is the password sent with each trap to the SNMP

Destination Type the IP address of the station to send your SNMP traps to.

When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt “Press ENTER to confirm or ESC to cancel” to save your configuration or press [ESC] to cancel and go back to the previous screen.

the management station.

from this address. A blank (default) field means your NOA-3570 will respond to all SNMP messages it receives, regardless of source.

manager.

17.4 SNMP Traps

The NOA-3570 will send traps to the SNMP manager when any one of the following events occurs:

Table 55 SNMP Traps NOA-3570

TRAP # TRAP NAME DESCRIPTION

1 coldStart (defined in RFC-1215) A trap is sent after booting (power on).

2 warmStart (defined in RFC-1215) A trap is sent after booting (software reboot).

3 linkUp (defined in RFC-1215) A trap is sent when the port is up.

4 authenticationFailure (defined in

RFC-1215)

6 linkDown (defined in RFC-1215) A trap is sent when the port is down.

The following table maps the physical port and encapsulation to the interface type,

Table 56 Ports and Interface Types NOA-3570

PHYSICAL PORT/ENCAP INTERFACE TYPE

A trap is sent to the manager when receiving any SNMP get or set requirements with wrong community (password).

WLAN 1 enet0

Ethernet port enet1

WLAN 2 enet2

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156 Chapter 17 SNMP Configuration

This chapter describes how to configure the system security on the NOA-3570.

18.1 System Security

You can configure the system password, an external RADIUS server and 802.1x in this menu.

18.1.1 System Password

Figure 87 Menu 23 System Security

Menu 23 - System Security

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

CHAPTER 18

System Security

1. Change Password

2. RADIUS Server

4. IEEE802.1x

Enter Menu Selection Number:

You should change the NOA-3570’s management password. Refer to the section on changing the system password in the Introducing the SMT chapter for details. If you forget your password you have to restore the default configuration file. Refer to the section on resetting the NOA-3570 in the Introducing the Web Configurator chapter.

18.1.2 Configuring External RADIUS Server

Enter 23 in the main menu to display Menu 23 – System Security.

Figure 88 Menu 23 System Security

Menu 23 - System Security

1. Change Password

2. RADIUS Server

4. IEEE802.1x

Enter Menu Selection Number:

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From Menu 23- System Security, enter 2 to display Menu 23.2 – System Security – RADIUS Server as shown next.

Figure 89 Menu 23.2 System Security: RADIUS Server

Menu 23.2 - System Security - RADIUS Server

Authentication Server:

Active= No Server Address= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 1812 Shared Secret= ********

Accounting Server:

Active= No Server Address= 0.0.0.0 Port #= 1813 Shared Secret= ********

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

The following table describes the fields in this menu.

Table 57 Menu 23.2 System Security: RADIUS Server NOA-3570

FIELD DESCRIPTION

Authentication Server

Active Press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes and press [ENTER] to enable user

authentication through an external authentication server.

Server Address To use an external authentication server, enter its IP address in dotted

decimal notation. Enter 127.0.0.1 to use the internal authentication server.

Port The default port of the RADIUS server for authentication is 1812.

You need not change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so with additional information.

Shared Secret To use an external authentication server, specify a password (up to 31

alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external authentication server and the access points.

The key is not sent over the network. This key must be the same on the external authentication server and NOA-3570.

Enter 1234 to use the internal authentication server.

Accounting Server

Active Press [SPACE BAR] to select Yes and press [ENTER] to enable user

authentication through an external accounting server.

Server Address Enter the IP address of the external accounting server in dotted decimal

notation.

Port The default port of the RADIUS server for accounting is 1813.

You need not change this value unless your network administrator instructs you to do so with additional information.

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Table 57 Menu 23.2 System Security: RADIUS Server NOA-3570

FIELD DESCRIPTION

Shared Secret Specify a password (up to 31 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be

When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt “Press ENTER to confirm or ESC to cancel” to save your configuration or press [ESC] to cancel and go back to the previous screen.

18.1.3 802.1x

The IEEE 802.1x standards outline enhanced security methods for both the authentication of wireless stations and encryption key management.

Follow the steps below to enable EAP authentication on your NOA-3570.

1 From the main menu, enter 23 to display Menu23 – System Security.

Figure 90 Menu 23 System Security

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

shared between the external accounting server and the access points. The key is not sent over the network. This key must be the same on the

external accounting server and NOA-3570.

Menu 23 - System Security

1. Change Password

2. RADIUS Server

4. IEEE802.1x

Enter Menu Selection Number:

2 Enter 4 to display Menu 23.4 – System Security – IEEE802.1x.

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Figure 91 Menu 23.4 System Security: IEEE802.1x

Wireless Port Control= Authentication Required ReAuthentication Timer (in second)= 1800 Idle Timeout (in second)= 3600

Key Management Protocol= 802.1x Dynamic WEP Key Exchange= 128-bit WEP PSK= N/A WPA Mixed Mode= N/A

WPA Group Key Update Timer= N/A

Authentication Databases= Local User Database Only

The following table describes the fields in this menu.

Menu 23.4 - System Security - IEEE802.1x

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel: Press Space Bar to Toggle.

Table 58 Menu 23.4 System Security: IEEE802.1x NOA-3570

FIELD DESCRIPTION

Wireless Port Control Press [SPACE BAR] and select a security mode for the wireless LAN access.

Select No Authentication Required to allow any wireless stations access to your wired network without entering usernames and passwords. This is the default setting.

Selecting Authentication Required means wireless stations have to enter usernames and passwords before access to the wired network is allowed.

Select No Access Allowed to block all wireless stations access to the wired network.

The following fields are not available when you select No Authentication Required or No Access Allowed.

ReAuthentication Timer (in second)

Idle Timeout (in second)

Key Management Protocol

Specify how often a client has to re-enter username and password to stay connected to the wired network.

This field is activated only when you select Authentication Required in the Wireless Port Control field. Enter a time interval between 10 and 9999 (in seconds). The default time interval is 1800 seconds (or 30 minutes).

The NOA-3570 automatically disconnects a client from the wired network after a period of inactivity. The client needs to enter the username and password again before access to the wired network is allowed.

This field is activated only when you select Authentication Required in the Wireless Port Control field. The default time interval is 3600 seconds (or 1 hour).

Press [SPACE BAR] to select 802.1x, WPA or WPA-PSK and press [ENTER].

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Table 58 Menu 23.4 System Security: IEEE802.1x NOA-3570

FIELD DESCRIPTION

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Dynamic WEP Key Exchange

PSK Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters (including

WPA Mixed Mode Select Enable to activate WPA mixed mode. Otherwise, select Disable and

WPA Group Key Update Timer

Authentication Databases

When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt “Press ENTER to confirm or ESC to cancel” to save your configuration or press [ESC] to cancel and go back to the previous screen.

This field is activated only when you select Authentication Required in the

Wireless Port Control field. Also set the Authentication Databases field to RADIUS Only. Local user database may not be used.

Select Disable to allow wireless stations to communicate with the access points without using Dynamic WEP Key Exchange.

Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to enable data encryption. Up to 32 stations can access the NOA-3570 when you configure Dynamic WEP

Key Exchange.

spaces and symbols) when you select WPA-PSK in the Key Management Protocol field.

configure Data Privacy for Broadcast/Multicast packets field.

The WPA Broadcast/Multicast Key Update Timer is the rate at which the AP (if using WPA-PSK key management) or RADIUS server (if using WPA key management) sends a new group key out to all clients. The re-keying process is the WPA equivalent of automatically changing the WEP key for an AP and all stations in a WLAN on a periodic basis. Setting of the WPA Broadcast/ Multicast Key Update Timer is also supported in WPA-PSK mode. The NOA3570 default is 1800 seconds (30 minutes).

The authentication database contains wireless station login information. The local user database is the built-in database on the NOA-3570. The RADIUS is an external server. Use this field to decide which database the NOA-3570 should use (first) to authenticate a wireless station.

Before you specify the priority, make sure you have set up the corresponding database correctly first.

When you configure Key Management Protocol to WPA, the Authentication

Databases must be RADIUS Only. You can only use the Local User Database with 802.1x Key Management Protocol.

Select Local User Database Only to have the NOA-3570 just check the built-in user database on the NOA-3570 for a wireless station's username and password.

Select RADIUS Only to have the NOA-3570 just check the user database on the external RADIUS server for a wireless station's username and password.

Select Local first, then RADIUS to have the NOA-3570 first check the user database on the NOA-3570 for a wireless station's username and password. If the user name is not found, the NOA-3570 then checks the user database on the external RADIUS server.

Select RADIUS first, then Local to have the NOA-3570 first check the user database on the external RADIUS server for a wireless station's username and password. If the NOA-3570 cannot reach the RADIUS server, the NOA-3570 then checks the local user database on the NOA-3570. When the user name is not found or password does not match in the RADIUS server, the NOA-3570 will not check the local user database and the authentication fails.

Once you enable user authentication, you need to specify an external RADIUS server or create local user accounts on the NOA-3570 for authentication

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CHAPTER 19

System Information and

Diagnosis

This chapter covers the information and diagnostic tools in SMT menus 24.1 to 24.4.

These tools include updates on system status, port status, log and trace capabilities and upgrades for the system software. This chapter describes how to use these tools in detail.

Type 24 in the main menu and press [ENTER] to open Menu 24 – System Maintenance, as shown in the following figure.

Figure 92 Menu 24 System Maintenance

Menu 24 - System Maintenance

1. System Status

2. System Information and Console Port Speed

3. Log and Trace

4. Diagnostic

5. Backup Configuration

6. Restore Configuration

7. Upload Firmware

8. Command Interpreter Mode

10. Time and Date Setting

Enter Menu Selection Number:

19.1 System Status

The first selection, System Status gives you information on the status and statistics of the ports, as shown next. System Status is a tool that can be used to monitor your NOA-3570. Specifically, it gives you information on your Ethernet and Wireless LAN status, number of packets sent and received.

To get to System Status, type 24 to go to Menu 24 – System Maintenance. From this menu, type 1. System Status. There are two commands in Menu 24.1 – System Maintenance – Status. Entering 9 resets the counters; pressing [ESC] takes you back to the previous screen.

The following table describes the fields present in Menu 24.1 – System Maintenance – Status which are read-only and meant for diagnostic purposes.

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Figure 93 Menu 24.1 System Maintenance: Status

Menu 24.1 - System Maintenance - Status 00:38:42 Sat. Jan. 01, 2000

Port Status TxPkts RxPkts Cols Tx B/s Rx B/s Up Time Ethernet Down 0 0 0 0 0 0:00:00 WLAN1 54M 1161 0 0 64 0 0:38:40 WLAN2 54M 1161 0 0 64 0 0:38:40

Port Ethernet Address IP Address IP Mask DHCP Ethernet 00:A0:C5:62:B0:DB 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 None WLAN1 00:A0:C5:62:B0:DB WLAN2 00:A0:C5:62:B0:DC

System up Time: 0:38:45 ZyNOS F/W Version: V3.50(HV.0)b4 | 01/21/2005 Name: NOA-3570.`

Press Command:

The following table describes the fields present in this menu.

Table 59 Menu 24.1 System Maintenance: Status NOA-3570

FIELD DESCRIPTION

Port This identifies the port or WLAN adapter.

Status This shows the status of the remote node.

TxPkts This is the number of transmitted packets to this remote node.

RxPkts This is the number of received packets from this remote node.

Cols This is the number of collisions on this connection.

Tx B/s This shows the transmission rate in bytes per second.

Rx B/s This shows the receiving rate in bytes per second.

Up Time This is the time this channel has been connected to the current remote node.

Ethernet Address This shows the MAC address of the port or WLAN adapter.

IP Address This shows the IP address of the network device connected to the port.

IP Mask This shows the subnet mask of the network device connected to the port.

DHCP This shows the DHCP setting (None or Client) for the port.

System Up Time This is the time the NOA-3570 is up and running from the last reboot.

ZyNOS F/W Version

Name This displays the device name.

Refers to the ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) system firmware version. ZyNOS is a registered trademark of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

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19.2 System Information

To get to the System Information:

1 Enter 24 to display Menu 24 – System Maintenance.

2 Enter 2 to display Menu 24.2 – System Information and Console Port Speed.

3 From this menu you have two choices as shown in the next figure:

Figure 94 Menu 24.2 System Information and Console Port Speed

Menu 24.2 - System Information and Console Port Speed

1. System Information

2. Console Port Speed

Please enter selection:

Note: The NOA-3570 also has an internal console port for support personnel only. Do not open the NOA-3570 as it will void your warranty.

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

19.2.1 System Information

Enter 1 in menu 24.2 to display the screen shown next.

Figure 95 Menu 24.2.1 System Information: Information

Menu 24.2.1 - System Maintenance - Information

Name: NOA-3570 Routing: BRIDGE ZyNOS F/W Version: V3.50(HV.0)b4 | 01/21/2005 Country Code: 255

LAN Ethernet Address: 00:A0:C5:62:B0:E3 IP Address: 192.168.1.2 IP Mask: 255.255.255.0 DHCP: None

Press ESC or RETURN to Exit:

The following table describes the fields in this menu.

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Table 60 Menu 24.2.1 System Maintenance: Information NOA-3570

FIELD DESCRIPTION

Name Displays the system name of your NOA-3570. This information can be changed

Routing Refers to the routing protocol used.

ZyNOS F/W Version Refers to the ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System) system firmware

Country Code Refers to the country code of the firmware.

LAN

Ethernet Address Refers to the Ethernet MAC (Media Access Control) of your NOA-3570.

IP Address This is the IP address of the NOA-3570 in dotted decimal notation.

IP Mask This shows the subnet mask of the NOA-3570.

DHCP This field shows the DHCP setting of the NOA-3570.

When you have completed this menu, press [ENTER] at the prompt “Press ENTER to confirm or ESC to cancel” to save your configuration or press [ESC] to cancel and go back to the previous screen.

in Menu 1 – General Setup.

version. ZyNOS is a registered trademark of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

19.2.2 Console Port Speed

You can set up different port speeds for the console port through Menu 24.2.2 – System Maintenance – Console Port Speed. Your NOA-3570 supports 9600 (default), 19200,

38400, 57600 and 115200 bps console port speeds. Press [SPACE BAR] and then [ENTER] to select the desired speed in menu 24.2.2, as shown in the following figure.

Figure 96 Menu 24.2.2 System Maintenance: Change Console Port Speed

Menu 24.2.2 – System Maintenance – Change Console Port Speed

Console Port Speed: 9600

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

After you changed the console port speed on your NOA-3570, you must also make the same change to the console port speed parameter of your communication software.

19.3 Log and Trace

Your NOA-3570 provides the error logs and trace records that are stored locally.

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19.3.1 Viewing Error Log

The first place you should look for clues when something goes wrong is the error log. Follow the procedures to view the local error/trace log:

1 Type 24 in the main menu to display Menu 24 – System Maintenance.

2 From menu 24, type 3 to display Menu 24.3 – System Maintenance – Log and Trace.

Figure 97 Menu 24.3 System Maintenance: Log and Trace

Menu 24.3 - System Maintenance - Log and Trace

1. View Error Log Please enter selection:

3 Enter 1 from Menu 24.3 – System Maintenance – Log and Trace and press [ENTER]

twice to display the error log in the system.

After the NOA-3570 finishes displaying the error log, you will have the option to clear it. Samples of typical error and information messages are presented in the next figure.

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Figure 98 Sample Error and Information Messages

55 Sat Jan 1 00:00:00 2000 PP05 ERROR Wireless LAN init fail, code=-1 56 Sat Jan 1 00:00:01 2000 PP07 INFO LAN promiscuous mode <1> 57 Sat Jan 1 00:00:01 2000 PINI INFO Last errorlog repeat 1 Times 58 Sat Jan 1 00:00:01 2000 PINI INFO main: init completed 59 Sat Jan 1 00:00:02 2000 PP05 -WARN SNMP TRAP 3: link up 60 Sat Jan 1 00:00:30 2000 PSSV -WARN SNMP TRAP 0: cold start 61 Sat Jan 1 00:01:38 2000 PINI INFO SMT Session Begin 62 Sat Jan 1 00:06:44 2000 PINI INFO SMT Session End 63 Sat Jan 1 00:11:13 2000 PINI INFO SMT Session Begin Clear Error Log (y/n):

19.4 Diagnostic

The diagnostic facility allows you to test the different aspects of your NOA-3570 to determine if it is working properly. Menu 24.4 allows you to choose among various types of diagnostic tests to evaluate your system, as shown in the following figure.

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Figure 99 Menu 24.4 System Maintenance: Diagnostic

Menu 24.4 - System Maintenance - Diagnostic

TCP/IP

1. Ping Host

2. DHCP Release

3. DHCP Renewal

System

11. Reboot System

Enter Menu Selection Number:

Host IP Address= N/A

Follow the procedure next to get to display this menu:

1 From the main menu, type 24 to open Menu 24 – System Maintenance.

2 From this menu, type 4. Diagnostic to open Menu 24.4 – System Maintenance –

Diagnostic.

The following table describes the diagnostic tests available in menu 24.4 for your NOA-3570 and the connections.

Table 61 Menu 24.4 System Maintenance Menu: Diagnostic

FIELD DESCRIPTION

Ping Host Ping the host to see if the links and TCP/IP protocol on both systems are

DHCP Release Release the IP address assigned by the DHCP server.

DHCP Renewal Get a new IP address from the DHCP server.

Reboot System Reboot the NOA-3570.

Host IP Address If you typed 1 to Ping Host, now type the address of the computer you want to

working.

ping.

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CHAPTER 20

Firmware and Configuration File

Maintenance

This chapter tells you how to backup and restore your configuration file as well as upload new firmware and configuration files using the SMT screens.

20.1 Filename Conventions

The configuration file (often called the romfile or rom-0) contains the factory default settings in the menus such as password and TCP/IP Setup, etc. It arrives from ZyXEL with a rom filename extension. Once you have customized the NOA-3570's settings, they can be saved back to your computer under a filename of your choosing.

ZyNOS (ZyXEL Network Operating System sometimes referred to as the “ras” file) is the system firmware and has a “bin” filename extension. With many FTP and TFTP clients, the filenames are similar to those seen next.

ftp> put firmware.bin ras

This is a sample FTP session showing the transfer of the computer file " firmware.bin" to the NOA-3570.

ftp> get rom-0 config.cfg

This is a sample FTP session saving the current configuration to the computer file config.cfg.

If your [T]FTP client does not allow you to have a destination filename different than the source, you will need to rename them as the NOA-3570 only recognizes “rom-0” and “ras”. Be sure you keep unaltered copies of both files for later use.

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The following table is a summary. Please note that the internal filename refers to the filename on the NOA-3570 and the external filename refers to the filename not is, on your computer, local network or FTP site and so the name (but not the extension) will vary. After uploading new firmware see the ZyNOS F/W Version field in Menu 24.2.1 – System Maintenance – Information to confirm that you have uploaded the correct firmware version.

Table 62 Filename Conventions

on the NOA-3570, that

FILE TYPE

Configuration File

Firmware Ras *.bin This is the generic name for the ZyNOS firmware on the

INTERNAL NAME

Rom-0 *.rom This is the configuration filename on the NOA-3570.

EXTERNAL NAME

DESCRIPTION

Uploading the rom-0 file replaces the entire ROM file system, including your NOA-3570 configurations, systemrelated data (including the default password), the error log and the trace log.

NOA-3570.

20.2 Backup Configuration

Option 5 from Menu 24 – System Maintenance allows you to backup the current NOA-3570 configuration to your computer. Backup is highly recommended once your NOA-3570 is functioning properly. FTP is the preferred method, although TFTP can also be used.

Please note that the terms “download” and “upload” are relative to the computer. Download means to transfer from the NOA-3570 to the computer, while upload means from your computer to the NOA-3570.

20.2.1 Backup Configuration Using FTP

Enter 5 in Menu 24 – System Maintenance to get the following screen.

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Figure 100 Menu 24.5 Backup Configuration

Menu 24.5 – Backup Configuration

To transfer the configuration file to your workstation, follow the procedure below:

1. Launch the FTP client on your workstation.

2. Type "open" and the IP address of your router. Then type "root" and SMT password as requested.

3. Locate the ‘rom-0’ file.

4. Type ‘get rom-0’ to back up the current router configuration to your workstation.

For details on FTP commands, please consult the documentation of your FTP client program. For details on backup using TFTP (note that you must remain in the men u to back up using TFTP), please see your router manual.

Press ENTER to Exit:

20.2.2 Using the FTP command from the DOS Prompt

1 Launch the FTP client on your computer.

2 Enter “open” and the IP address of your NOA-3570.

3 Press [ENTER] when prompted for a username.

4 Enter your password as requested. The default is 1234.

5 Enter “bin” to set transfer mode to binary.

6 Use “get” to transfer files from the NOA-3570 to the computer, for example, “get rom-0

config.rom” transfers the configuration file on the NOA-3570 to your computer and renames it “config.rom”. See earlier in this chapter for more information on filename conventions.

7 Enter “quit” to exit the FTP prompt.

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Figure 101 FTP Session Example

The following table describes some of the commands that you may see in third party FTP clients.

Table 63 General Commands for Third Party FTP Clients NOA-3570

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

331 Enter PASS command Password: 230 Logged in ftp> bin 200 Type I OK ftp> get rom-0 zyxel.rom 200 Port command okay 150 Opening data connection for STOR ras 226 File received OK ftp: 327680 bytes sent in 1.10Seconds

297.89Kbytes/sec. ftp> quit

Host Address Enter the address of the host server.

This is when a user I.D. and password is automatically supplied to the server for anonymous access. Anonymous logins will work only if your ISP or service administrator has enabled this option.

Normal. The server requires a unique User ID and Password to login.

Transfer Type Transfer files in either ASCII (plain text format) or in binary mode.

Initial Remote Directory

Initial Local Directory Specify the default local directory (path).

Specify the default remote directory (path).

20.2.3 Backup Configuration Using TFTP

The NOA-3570 supports the up/downloading of the firmware and the configuration file using TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) over Ethernet.

To use TFTP, your computer must have both telnet and TFTP clients. To backup the configuration file, follow the procedure shown next:

1 Use telnet from your computer to connect to the NOA-3570 and log in. Because TFTP

does not have any security checks, the NOA-3570 records the IP address of the telnet client and accepts TFTP requests only from this address.

2 Put the SMT in command interpreter (CI) mode by entering 8 in Menu 24 – System

Maintenance.

172 Chapter 20 Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance

3 Enter command “sys stdio 0” to disable the SMT timeout, so the TFTP transfer will not

be interrupted. Enter command “sys stdio 5” to restore the five-minute SMT timeout (default) when the file transfer is complete.

4 Launch the TFTP client on your computer and connect to the NOA-3570. Set the transfer

mode to binary before starting data transfer.

5 Use the TFTP client (see the example below) to transfer files between the NOA-3570 and

the computer. The file name for the configuration file is rom-0 (rom-zero, not capital o).

Note that the telnet connection must be active and the SMT in CI mode before and during the TFTP transfer. For details on TFTP commands (see following example), please consult the documentation of your TFTP client program. For UNIX, use “get” to transfer from the NOA3570 to the computer and “binary” to set binary transfer mode.

20.2.4 Example: TFTP Command

The following is an example TFTP command:

TFTP [-i] host get rom-0 config.rom

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

where “i” specifies binary image transfer mode (use this mode when transferring binary files), “host” is the NOA-3570 IP address, “get” transfers the file source on the NOA-3570 (rom-0 name of the configuration file on the NOA-3570) to the file destination on the computer and renames it config.rom.

The following table describes some of the fields that you may see in third party TFTP clients.

Table 64 General Commands for Third Party TFTP Clients NOA-3570

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

Host Enter the IP address of the NOA-3570. 192.168.1.2 is the NOA-3570’s default

IP address when shipped.

Send/Fetch Use “Send” to upload the file to the NOA-3570 and “Fetch” to back up the file on

Local File Enter the path and name of the firmware file (*.bin extension) or configuration

Remote File This is the filename on the NOA-3570. The filename for the firmware is “ras”

Binary Transfer the file in binary mode.

Abort Stop transfer of the file.

your computer.

file (*.rom extension) on your computer.

and for the configuration file, is “rom-0”.

20.2.5 Backup Via Console Port

Back up configuration via console port by following the HyperTerminal procedure shown next. Procedures using other serial communications programs should be similar.

1 Display menu 24.5 and enter “y” at the following screen.

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Figure 102 System Maintenance: Backup Configuration

2 The following screen indicates that the Xmodem download has started.

Figure 103 System Maintenance: Starting Xmodem Download Screen

3 Run the HyperTerminal program by clicking Trans f er, then Receive File as shown in the

following screen.

Figure 104 Backup Configuration Example

Ready to backup Configuration via Xmodem. Do you want to continue (y/n):

You can enter ctrl-x to terminate operation any time. Starting XMODEM download...

Type a location for storing the configuration file or click Browse to look for one.

4 After a successful backup you will see the following screen. Press any key to return to the

SMT menu.

Figure 105 Successful Backup Confirmation Screen

** Backup Configuration completed. OK. ### Hit any key to continue.###

20.3 Restore Configuration

Menu 24.6 –- System Maintenance – Restore Configuration allows you to restore the configuration via FTP or TFTP to your NOA-3570. The preferred method is FTP. Note that this function erases the current configuration before restoring the previous backup configuration; please do not attempt to restore unless you have a backup configuration stored on disk. To restore configuration using FTP or TFTP is the same as uploading the configuration file, please refer to the following sections on FTP and TFTP file transfer for more details. The NOA-3570 restarts automatically after the file transfer is complete.

Choose the Xmodem protocol.

Then click Receive.

174 Chapter 20 Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance

20.3.1 Restore Using FTP

For details about backup using (T)FTP please refer to earlier sections on FTP and TFTP file upload in this chapter.

Figure 106 Menu 24.6 Restore Configuration

Menu 24.6 – Restore Configuration To transfer the firmware and the configuration file, follow the procedure below:

1. Launch the FTP client on your workstation.

2. Type "open" and the IP address of your router. Then type "root" and SMT password as requested.

3. Type “put backupfilename rom-0” where backupfilename is the name of your backup configuration file on your workstation and rom-spt is the Remote file name on the router. This restores the configuration to your router.

4. The system reboots automatically after a successful file transfer.

For details on FTP commands, please consult the documentation of your FTP client program. For details on restoring using TFTP (note that you must remain in the menu to back up using TFTP), please see your router manual.

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Press ENTER to Exit:

20.4 Uploading Firmware and Configuration Files

Menu 24.7 – System Maintenance – Upload Firmware allows you to upgrade the firmware and the configuration file.

Note: WARNING! PLEASE WAIT A FEW MINUTES FOR THE NOA-3570 TO RESTART AFTER FIRMWARE OR CONFIGURATION FILE UPLOAD. INTERRUPTING THE UPLOAD PROCESS MAY PERMANENTLY DAMAGE YOUR NOA-3570.

Figure 107 Menu 24.7 System Maintenance: Upload Firmware

Menu 24.7 - System Maintenance - Upload Firmware

1. Upload System Firmware

2. Upload System Configuration File

Enter Menu Selection Number:

The configuration data, system-related data, the error log and the trace log are all stored in the configuration file. Please be aware that uploading the configuration file replaces everything contained within.

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20.4.1 Firmware Upload

FTP is the preferred method for uploading the firmware and configuration. To use this feature, your computer must have an FTP client.

When you telnet into the NOA-3570, you will see the following screens for uploading firmware and the configuration file using FTP.

Figure 108 Menu 24.7.1 System Maintenance: Upload System Firmware

Menu 24.7.1 - System Maintenance - Upload System Firmware

To upload the system firmware, follow the procedure below:

1. Launch the FTP client on your workstation.

2. Type "open" and the IP address of your system. Then type "root" and SMT password as requested.

3. Type "put firmwarefilename ras" where "firmwarefilename" is the name of your firmware upgrade file on your workstation and "ras" is the remote file name on the system.

4. The system reboots automatically after a successful firmware upload.

For details on FTP commands, please consult the documentation of your FTP client program. For details on uploading system firmware using TFTP (note that you must remain on this menu to upload system firmware using TFTP), please see your manual.

Press ENTER to Exit:

20.4.2 Configuration File Upload

You see the following screen when you telnet into menu 24.7.2.

Figure 109 Menu 24.7.2 System Maintenance: Upload System Configuration File

Menu 24.7.2 - System Maintenance - Upload System Configuration File

To upload the system configuration file, follow the procedure below:

1. Launch the FTP client on your workstation.

2. Type "open" and the IP address of your system. Then type "root" and SMT password as requested.

3. Type "put configurationfilename rom-0" where "configurationfilename" is the name of your system configuration file on your workstation, which will be transferred to the "rom-0" file on the system.

4. The system reboots automatically after the upload system configuration file process is complete.

Press ENTER to Exit:

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To transfer the firmware and the configuration file, follow these examples:

20.4.3 Using the FTP command from the DOS Prompt Example

1 Launch the FTP client on your computer.

2 Enter “open” and the IP address of your NOA-3570.

3 Press [ENTER] when prompted for a username.

4 Enter your password as requested. The default is 1234.

5 Enter “bin” to set transfer mode to binary.

6 Use “put” to transfer files from the computer to the NOA-3570, e.g., put firmware.bin ras

transfers the firmware on your computer (firmware.bin) to the NOA-3570 and renames it “ras”. Similarly “put config.rom rom-0” transfers the configuration file on your computer (config.rom) to the NOA-3570 and renames it “rom-0”. Likewise “get rom-0 config.rom” transfers the configuration file on the NOA-3570 to your computer and renames it “config.rom.” See earlier in this chapter for more information on filename conventions.

7 Enter “quit” to exit the FTP prompt.

Figure 110 FTP Session Example

331 Enter PASS command Password: 230 Logged in ftp> bin 200 Type I OK ftp> put firmware.bin ras 200 Port command okay 150 Opening data connection for STOR ras 226 File received OK ftp: 327680 bytes sent in 1.10Seconds

297.89Kbytes/sec. ftp> quit

More commands that you may find in third party FTP clients are listed earlier in this chapter.

20.4.4 TFTP File Upload

The NOA-3570 also supports the up/downloading of the firmware and the configuration file using TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) over Ethernet.

To use TFTP, your computer must have both telnet and TFTP clients. To transfer the firmware and the configuration file, follow the procedure shown next:

1 Use telnet from your computer to connect to the NOA-3570 and log in. Because TFTP

does not have any security checks, the NOA-3570 records the IP address of the telnet client and accepts TFTP requests only from this address.

2 Put the SMT in command interpreter (CI) mode by entering 8 in Menu 24 – System

Maintenance.

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3 Enter the command “sys stdio 0” to disable the SMT timeout, so the TFTP transfer will

not be interrupted. Enter command “sys stdio 5” to restore the five-minute SMT timeout (default) when the file transfer is complete.

4 Launch the TFTP client on your computer and connect to the NOA-3570. Set the transfer

mode to binary before starting data transfer.

5 Use the TFTP client (see the example below) to transfer files between the NOA-3570 and

the computer. The file name for the firmware is “ras” and the configuration file is “rom0” (rom-zero, not capital o).

20.4.5 Example: TFTP Command

The following is an example TFTP command:

TFTP [-i] host put firmware.bin ras

where “i” specifies binary image transfer mode (use this mode when transferring binary files), “host” is the NOA-3570’s IP address, “put” transfers the file source on the computer (firmware.bin – name of the firmware on the computer) to the file destination on the remote host (ras - name of the firmware on the NOA-3570).

Commands that you may see in third party TFTP clients are listed earlier in this chapter.

20.4.6 Uploading Via Console Port

FTP or TFTP are the preferred methods for uploading firmware to your NOA-3570. However, in the event of your network being down, uploading files is only possible with a direct connection to your NOA-3570 via the console port. Uploading files via the console port under normal conditions is not recommended since FTP or TFTP is faster. Any serial communications program should work fine; however, you must use the Xmodem protocol to perform the download/upload.

20.4.7 Uploading Firmware File Via Console Port

Select 1 from Menu 24.7 – System Maintenance – Upload Firmware to display Menu

24.7.1 – System Maintenance – Upload System Firmware, then follow the instructions as

shown in the following screen.

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Figure 111 Menu 24.7.1 as Seen Using the Console Port

Menu 24.7.1 - System Maintenance - Upload System Firmware To upload system firmware:

1. Enter "y" at the prompt below to go into debug mode.

2. Enter "atur" after "Enter Debug Mode" message.

3. Wait for "Starting XMODEM upload" message before activating Xmodem upload on your terminal.

4. After successful firmware upload, enter "atgo" to restart the router. Warning: Proceeding with the upload will erase the current system firmware. Do You Wish To Proceed:(Y/N)

After the "Starting Xmodem upload" message appears, activate the Xmodem protocol on your computer. Follow the procedure as shown previously for the HyperTerminal program. The procedure for other serial communications programs should be similar.

20.4.8 Example Xmodem Firmware Upload Using HyperTerminal

Click Transfer, then Send File to display the following screen.

Figure 112 Example Xmodem Upload

After the firmware upload process has completed, the NOA-3570 will automatically restart.

20.4.9 Uploading Configuration File Via Console Port

1 Select 2 from Menu 24.7 – System Maintenance – Upload Firmware to display Menu

24.7.2 – System Maintenance – Upload System Configuration File. Follow the instructions as shown in the next screen.

Type the firmware file’s location, or click Browse to look for it.

Choose the Xmodem protocol.

Then click Send.

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Figure 113 Menu 24.7.2 as Seen Using the Console Port

Menu 24.7.2 - System Maintenance - Upload System Configuration File

To upload system configuration file:

1. Enter "y" at the prompt below to go into debug mode.

2. Enter "atlc" after "Enter Debug Mode" message.

3. Wait for "Starting XMODEM upload" message before activating Xmodem upload on your terminal.

4. After successful firmware upload, enter "atgo" to restart the system.

Warning:

1. Proceeding with the upload will erase the current configuration file.

2. The system’s console port speed (Menu 24.2.2) may change when it is restarted; please adjust your terminal's speed accordingly. The password may change (menu 23), also.

3. When uploading the DEFAULT configuration file, the console port speed will be reset to 9600 bps and the password to "1234". Do You Wish To Proceed:(Y/N)

2 After the "Starting Xmodem upload" message appears, activate the Xmodem protocol on

your computer. Follow the procedure as shown previously for the HyperTerminal program. The procedure for other serial communications programs should be similar.

3 Enter “atgo” to restart the NOA-3570.

20.4.10 Example Xmodem Configuration Upload Using HyperTerminal

Click Transfer, then Send File to display the following screen.

Figure 114 Example Xmodem Upload

Type the configuration file’s location, or click Browse to search for it.

Choose the Xmodem protocol.

Then click Send.

After the configuration upload process has completed, restart the NOA-3570 by entering “atgo”

180 Chapter 20 Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance

CHAPTER 21

System Maintenance and

This chapter leads you through SMT menus 24.8 and 24.10.

21.1 Command Interpreter Mode

The Command Interpreter (CI) is a part of the main system firmware. The CI provides much of the same functionality as the SMT, while adding some low-level setup and diagnostic functions. Enter the CI from the SMT by selecting menu 24.8. See the included disk or the zyxel.com web site for more detailed information on CI commands. Enter 8 from Menu 24 – System Maintenance. A list of valid commands can be found by typing help or ? at the command prompt. Type “exit” to return to the SMT main menu when finished.

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Information

Figure 115 Menu 24 System Maintenance

Menu 24 - System Maintenance

1. System Status

2. System Information and Console Port Speed

3. Log and Trace

4. Diagnostic

5. Backup Configuration

6. Restore Configuration

7. Upload Firmware

8. Command Interpreter Mode

10. Time and Date Setting

Enter Menu Selection Number:

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Figure 116 Valid CI Commands

21.2 Time and Date Setting

The NOA-3570 keeps track of the time and date. There is also a software mechanism to set the time manually or get the current time and date from an external server when you turn on your NOA-3570. Menu 24.10 allows you to update the time and date settings of your NOA-

3570. The real time is then displayed in the NOA-3570 error logs.

1 Select menu 24 in the main menu to open Menu 24 – System Maintenance.

2 Then enter 10 to go to Menu 24.10 – System Maintenance – Time and Date Setting to

update the time and date settings of your NOA-3570 as shown in the following screen.

Figure 117 Menu 24.10 System Maintenance: Time and Date Setting

Menu 24.10 - System Maintenance - Time and Date Setting

Time Protocol= Manual Time Server Address= N/A

Current Time: 00 : 57 : 07 New Time (hh:mm:ss): 00 : 56 : 57

Current Date: 2000 - 01 - 01 New Date (yyyy-mm-dd): 2000 - 01 - 01

Time Zone= GMT

Daylight Saving= No Start Date (mm-dd): 01 - 01 End Date (mm-dd): 01 - 01

Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel:

The following table describes the fields in this menu.

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Table 65 System Maintenance: Time and Date Setting NOA-3570

FIELD DESCRIPTION

Time Protocol Enter the time service protocol that your time server sends when you turn on

the NOA-3570. Not all time servers support all protocols, so you may have to check with your ISP/network administrator or use trial and error to find a protocol that works. The main differences between them are the format.

Daytime (RFC 867) format is day/month/year/time zone of the server. Time (RFC-868) format displays a 4-byte integer giving the total number of

seconds since 1970/1/1 at 0:0:0. NTP (RFC-1305) is similar to Time (RFC-868). None The default, enter the time manually.

Time Server Address Enter the IP address or domain name of your time server. Check with your ISP/

Current Time This field displays an updated time only when you reenter this menu.

New Time Enter the new time in hour, minute and second format.

Current Date This field displays an updated date only when you re-enter this menu.

New Date Enter the new date in year, month and day format.

Time Zone Press [SPACE BAR] and then [ENTER] to set the time difference between your

Daylight Saving If you use daylight saving time, then choose Ye s.

Start Date If using daylight saving time, enter the month and day that it starts on.

End Date If using daylight saving time, enter the month and day that it ends on

Once you have filled in this menu, press [ENTER] at the message “Press ENTER to Confirm or ESC to Cancel“ to save your configuration, or press [ESC] to cancel.

network administrator if you are unsure of this information.

time zone and Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

21.2.1 Resetting the Time

The NOA-3570 resets the time in three instances:

1 On leaving menu 24.10 after making changes.

2 When the NOA-3570 starts up, if there is a timeserver configured in menu 24.10.

3 24-hour intervals after starting.

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184 Chapter 21 System Maintenance and Information

CHAPTER 22

Troubleshooting

This appendix covers potential problems and possible remedies. After each problem description, some instructions are provided to help you to diagnose and to solve the problem.

22.1 Problems Starting Up the NOA-3570

Table 66 Troubleshooting the Start-Up of Your NOA-3570

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

The power injector’s POWER and ACTIVE LEDs are off.

The ACTIVE LED on the power injector is off.

The NOA-3570 reboots automatically sometimes.

Make sure the power cord is connected to an adequate power supply and that the power supply is turned on.

Disconnect and reconnect the power supply. If the error persists, you may have a hardware problem. In this case, you should contact your vendor.

Check the cable connection to the NOA-3570’s special Ethernet port. The outdoor Ethernet cable must be straight-through and no longer than 80 m.

The supplied power to the NOA-3570 is too low. Check that the NOA-3570 is receiving enough power.

Make sure the power source is working properly.

22.2 Problems with Console Port Access

Table 67 Troubleshooting Console Port Access

PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTION

I cannot access the NOA-3570 via the console port.

1. Check to see if the NOA-3570 is connected to your computer's console port.

2. Check to see if the communications program is configured correctly. The communications software should be configured as follows:

VT100 terminal emulation. 9,600 bps is the default speed on leaving the factory. Try other speeds in case the speed

has been changed. No parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, data flow set to none.

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22.3 Problems with the Ethernet Interface

Table 68 Troubleshooting the Ethernet Interface

PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTION

Cannot access the NOA-3570 from the LAN.

Cannot access the web configurator.

I cannot ping any computer on the LAN.

If all of the LEDs on the inline power injector are on, check the Ethernet cable connection between your NOA-3570 and the computer connected to the DATA IN port on the inline power injector.

Use a cross-over Ethernet cable to connect the power injector to a computer. Use a straight through Ethernet cable to connect the power injector to a switch or router.

Check for faulty Ethernet cables. Make sure the computer’s Ethernet adapter is installed and working properly. If directly connected to the NOA-3570, verify that the IP addresses and the subnet

masks of the NOA-3570 and the computer are on the same subnet.

Ping the NOA-3570. Make sure your computer’s Ethernet card is installed and functioning properly.

In the computer, click Start, (All) Programs, Accessories and then Command Prompt. In the Command Prompt window, type "ping" followed by the NOA-3570’s IP address (192.168.1.2 is the default) and then press [ENTER]. The NOA-3570 should reply.

You must connect to the NOA-3570’s current IP address and your computer’s IP address must be in the same subnet as the NOA-3570’s IP address.

If you don’t know the NOA-3570’s IP address, you can check the IP address in the System Management Terminal (SMT). Use the included console cable to connect the NOA-3570’s console port to a computer running a terminal emulation program set to VT100 terminal emulation, no parity, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no flow control and 9600 bps port speed.

If the NOA-3570 is set to get an IP address via DHCP, you can check the DHCP server to see which IP address it assigned to the NOA-3570.

You may also need to clear your Internet browser’s cache. In Internet Explorer, click Tools and then Internet Options to open the Internet

Options screen. In the General tab, click Delete Files. In the pop-up window, select the Delete all

offline content check box and click OK. Click OK in the Internet Options screen to close it.

If you disconnect your computer from one device and connect it to another device that has the same IP address, your computer’s ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) table may contain an entry that maps the management IP address to the previous device’s MAC address).

In Windows, use arp -d at the command prompt to delete all entries in your computer’s ARP table.

If the LEDs on the inline power injector are on, check the Ethernet cable connection between your NOA-3570 and the computer connected to the DATA IN port on the inline power injector.

Verify that the IP addresses and the subnet masks of the NOA-3570 and the computers are on the same subnet.

186 Chapter 22 Troubleshooting

22.4 Problems with the Password

Table 69 Troubleshooting the Password

PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTION

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

I cannot access the NOA-3570.

The Password and Username fields are case-sensitive. Make sure that you enter the correct password and username using the proper casing.

If you forget your password or cannot access the NOA-3570, you will need to reload the factory-default configuration file. Uploading this configuration file replaces the current configuration file with the factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all configurations that you had previously and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default baud rate of 9,600 bps, with 8 data bit, no parity, one stop bit and flow control set to none. The password will be reset to ‘1234', also.

22.5 Problems with Telnet

Table 70 Troubleshooting Telnet

PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTION

I cannot access the NOA-3570 through Telnet.

Refer to Section 22.3 on page 186” section for instructions on checking your Ethernet connection.

22.6 Problems with the WLAN Interface

Table 71 Troubleshooting the WLAN Interface

PROBLEM CORRECTIVE ACTION

I cannot ping any computer on the WLAN.

Make sure the wireless adapter on the wireless station is working properly. Check that both the NOA-3570 and wireless station(s) are using the same SSID,

channel and WEP keys (if WEP encryption is activated).

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188 Chapter 22 Troubleshooting

General Specifications

Table 72 Device Specifications

Default IP Address 192.168.1.2

Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)

Default Password 1234

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

APPENDIX A

Specifications

Table 73 Performance NOA-3570

WLAN Connection Distance

IEEE 802.11g, up to 500 m IEEE 802.11g, up to 5 km

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NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Table 74 Firmware Features NOA-3570

System Management Embedded Web Configurator (HTTP)

Wireless IEEE 802.11b Compliant

Logging/Monitoring Logs

Other Protocol Support and Standards Compliance

Menu-driven SMT (System Management Terminal) management CLI (Command Line Interpreter) Remote Management via Telnet or Web Diagnostic tool (built-in) SNMP Manageable Firmware Upgrade (web configurator, TFTP/FTP) RADIUS client

IEEE 802.11g Compliant Can support simultaneous IEEE 802.11b and IEEE 802.11g connections or

can be configured to only use one or the other. 2 ESSID/VLANs of for the WLANs (one for each WLAN card) Frequency Range: 2.4 GHz Roaming (IAPP) support based on IEEE 802.11f (can’t roam across subnets,

without re-authentication) Advanced Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) 64/128-bits WEP support, dynamic WEP key exchange included WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access), WPA-PSK support, IEEE 802.1x security (EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAP) Mixed WEP & WPA mode (support both 802.1x/WEP & WPA clients) Built-in RADIUS server (MD5 / PEAP, 32 entries) Backup RADIUS server RADIUS client MAC address filtering through WLAN (support 32 entries) Access point and Bridge/Repeater mode (concurrent) WDS (including Bridge/Repeater mode configurable per link individually &

support simultaneously) Auto scan for channel with least interference Configurable WLAN adapter output power Intra-BSS traffic blocking

System status monitoring Syslog

IEEE 802.3 and 802.3u 10Base-T and 100Base-TX physical layer specification

IEEE 802.1d Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol IPSec, PPTP and L2TP pass through SIP pass through Transparent bridging for unsupported network layer protocols DHCP Client/Relay SNMP v1 and v2c with MIB II support (RFC 1213)

190 Appendix A Specifications

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Table 75 Environmental Conditions

TEMPERATURE RANGE IN DEGREES CELSIUS

Operation +15 ~ +35

Normal ~ +35

Extreme ~ +70

Storage -40 to +80

HUMIDITY (non-condensing): 5% to 95% RH (typical)

Table 76 Inspection Channel (CH1, CH7, CH13)

TX/RX FREQUENCY MHZ 1ST LO FREQUENCY MHZ 2ND LO FREQUENCY MHZ

CH1 2412 2038

CH7 2442 2068

CH13 2472 2098

VCO 748

IF 374

Hardware Specifications

Table 77 Hardware Specifications NOA-3570

Ethernet Interface One MIL-C-5015 style Ethernet port

Ethernet Interface (Power Injector)

Console Port One MIL-C-5015 style RS-232 console port

WLAN Adapters Two embedded IEEE 802.11g wireless LAN cards

Antenna Connectors Three standard-N type (female) jacks

Access Protocol CSMA/CA

Roaming IAPP compliant (based on IEEE 802.11f)

Radio Data Rate 54, 48, 36, 24, 18, 12, 11, 9, 6, 5.5, 2 and 1 Mbps, Auto Fall-Back

Regulatory & Safety Certifications

Compatibility Fully interoperable with IEEE802.11g and IEEE802.11b compliant products

Power Supply (for the Power Injector)

Two RJ-45 Ethernet ports

FCC Part 15, Class BR&TTE Directive 1999/5/ECEN 300 328-2EN 301 489-1EN 301 489-17EN 60950IP68

Input 100 ~ 240 VAC, 2 A, 50/60 Hz. Output 800 mA at -48 VDC

Appendix A Specifications 191

Table 78 Radio Specifications NOA-3570

FREQUENCY BAND 2.4 ~ 2.4835 (GHZ) RADIO TYPE

MODULATION TYPE

DQPSK

DBPSK

OPERATION CHANNELS

North American (FCC)

European Community (ETSI)

RF OUTPUT POWER

FCC (Excluding antenna gain)

ETSI (Excluding antenna gain)

BAND EDGE

FCC ETSI

Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)\ (Mbps)

CCK 11, 5. 5

2 1

(CH)

11 13

(dBm)

21 14

(dBc)

>30 >30

System Test

Table 80 Transmitting System NOA-3570

PARAMETER TEST CONDITION SPECIFICATION T E MP. DEG. C.

FCC:21 dBm ± 1 dB 21dBm ± 2

Rate: 54 Mbps

Spectrum Mask ±11MHz ~ 22MHz±22MHz

~ 33MHz

Frequency Error Modulation: Carrier Only ± 60 KHz± 120 KHz 25-20 ~ +70 Power Ramp On Tx power on 90% of Pmax 3 us -20 ~ +70 Power Ramp Off Tx power off 10% of Pmax 3 us -20 ~ +70 Carrier Suppression Spurious Emission

Modulation: Carrier Suppression 1 GHz ~ 16 GHz -41 dBm 25

dB ETSI:14 dBm ± 1 dB 14dBm ± 2 dB < -30 dBr< -45 dBr -20 ~ +70

20 dBr -20 ~ +70

25-20 ~ +70 Tx Power Modulation: OFDM Data 25-20 ~ +70

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Figure 118 Inspection Cosmetic and Function

TEST ITEM TEST CONDITION CRITERIA

High Temperature Operation

Low Temperature Operation

High Temperature Storage

Low Temperature Storage

High Temperature High Humidity

Temperature Recycle

ESD Discharge By

Te mp . Storage Te st Spec.

Te mp . Storage Test

Spec.

Te mp . Storage Te st :

Spec.

Te mp . Humidity Storage Test

Spec.

Temp. Cycle Test

Air Discharge By

Contact

+70 Deg. C 24 hours Operation mode in the chamber The same as +25 Deg. C

-20 Deg. C 24 hours Operation mode in the chamber The same as +25 Deg. C

+80 Deg. C2 4 hours Operation mode in room temperature 4 hours

after the storage The same as +25 Deg. C

-40 Deg. C 24 hours Operation mode in room temperature 4 hours

after the storage The same as +25 Deg. C

+40 Deg. C 95%RH (non-condensing) 72 hours Operation mode in room temperature 4

hours after the storage The same as +25 Deg. C

+20->0->-20->0->+20->40->+60->+40->+20 Operation in the chamber 1 hour after arriving

at the test temperature

±15KV (Each polarity 10 times) ±8KV (Each polarity 10 times)

No Damage In Cosmetics or Error In Function

No Damage On Electrical or Error In Function

No Damage On Electrical Performance

Approvals

Table 83 Approvals

North America ANSI/UL-1950 3rdCSA C22.2 No. 950

3rd

SAFETY

194 Appendix A Specifications

European Union (CE mark) EN60950

(1992+A1+A2+A3+A4+A11)IEC 60950 3rd

Table 83 Approvals

EMI

EMS

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

North America FCC Part 15 Class B

European Union (CE mark) EN55022 Class BEN61000-3-

2EN61000-3-3

European Union (CE mark)

ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE

RADIO-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

EFT/BURST

SURGE

CONDUCTED SUSCEPTIBILITY

POWER MAGNETIC

VOLTAGE DIPS/ INTERRUPTION

EM FIELD FROM DIGITAL TELEPHONES

LAN COMPATIBILITY

FOR WIRELESS PC CARD

EN61000-4-2

EN61000-4-3

EN61000-4-4

EN61000-4-5

EN61000-4-6

EN61000-4-8

EN61000-4-11

ENV50204

SmartBit

FCC Part15C, Sec15.247

ETS300 328ETS300 826

CE mark

Appendix A Specifications 195

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

APPENDIX C

Power over Ethernet Specifications

You can use a power over Ethernet injector to power this device. The injector must comply to IEEE

802.3af.-7

Table 86 Power over Ethernet Injector Specifications

Power Output 15.4 Watts maximum

Power Current 400 mA maximum

Table 87 Power over Ethernet Injector RJ-45 Port Pin Assignments

PIN NO RJ-45 SIGNAL ASSIGNMENT

1 Output Transmit Data +

12345678

2 Output Transmit Data -

3 Receive Data +

4 Power +

5 Power +

6 Receive Data -

7 Power -

8 Power -

Appendix C Power over Ethernet Specifications 199

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

200 Appendix C Power over Ethernet Specifications

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

APPENDIX D

Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address

All computers must have a 10M or 100M Ethernet adapter card and TCP/IP installed.

Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems and all versions of UNIX/LINUX include the software components you need to install and use TCP/ IP on your computer. Windows 3.1 requires the purchase of a third-party TCP/IP application package.

TCP/IP should already be installed on computers using Windows NT/2000/XP, Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems.

After the appropriate TCP/IP components are installed, configure the TCP/IP settings in order to "communicate" with your network.

If you manually assign IP information instead of using dynamic assignment, make sure that your computers have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet as the NOA-3570’s LAN port.

Windows 95/98/Me

Click Start, Settings, Control Panel and double-click the Network icon to open the Network window.

Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 201

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Figure 119 WIndows 95/98/Me: Network: Configuration

Installing Components

The Network window Configuration tab displays a list of installed components. You need a network adapter, the TCP/IP protocol and Client for Microsoft Networks.

If you need the adapter:

1 In the Network window, click Add.

2 Select Adapter and then click Add.

3 Select the manufacturer and model of your network adapter and then click OK.

If you need TCP/IP:

1 In the Network window, click Add.

2 Select Protocol and then click Add.

3 Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers.

4 Select TCP/IP from the list of network protocols and then click OK.

If you need Client for Microsoft Networks:

1 Click Add.

2 Select Client and then click Add.

202 Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address

3 Select Microsoft from the list of manufacturers.

4 Select Client for Microsoft Networks from the list of network clients and then click

5 Restart your computer so the changes you made take effect.

Configuring

1 In the Network window Configuration tab, select your network adapter's TCP/IP entry

2 Click the IP Address tab.

Figure 120 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: IP Address

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

OK.

and click Properties

• If your IP address is dynamic, select Obtain an IP address automatically.

• If you have a static IP address, select Specify an IP address and type your information into the IP Address and Subnet Mask fields.

3 Click the DNS Configuration tab.

• If you do not know your DNS information, select Disable DNS.

• If you know your DNS information, select Enable DNS and type the information in the fields below (you may not need to fill them all in).

Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 203

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Figure 121 Windows 95/98/Me: TCP/IP Properties: DNS Configuration

4 Click the Gateway tab.

• If you do not know your gateway’s IP address, remove previously

• If you have a gateway IP address, type it in the New gateway field

5 Click OK to save and close the TCP/IP Properties window.

6 Click OK to close the Network window. Insert the Windows CD if prompted.

7 Turn on your NOA-3570 and restart your computer when prompted.

Verifying Settings

1 Click Start and then Run.

2 In the Run window, type "winipcfg" and then click OK to open the IP Configuration

window.

3 Select your network adapter. You should see your computer's IP address, subnet mask

and default gateway.

Windows 2000/NT/XP

installed gateways.

and click Add.

The following example figures use the default Windows XP GUI theme.

1 Click start (Start in Windows 2000/NT), Settings, Control Panel.

204 Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address

Figure 122 Windows XP: Start Menu

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

2 In the Control Panel, double-click Network Connections (Network and Dial-up

Connections in Windows 2000/NT).

Figure 123 Windows XP: Control Panel

3 Right-click Local Area Connection and then click Properties.

Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 205

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Figure 124 Windows XP: Control Panel: Network Connections: Properties

4 Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (under the General tab in Win XP) and then click

Properties.

Figure 125 Windows XP: Local Area Connection Properties

5 The Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window opens (the General tab in Windows

XP).

• If you have a dynamic IP address click Obtain an IP address automatically.

206 Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address

• If you have a static IP address click Use the following IP Address and fill in the IP address, Subnet mask, and Default gateway fields.

• Click Advanced.

Figure 126 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

6 If you do not know your gateway's IP address, remove any previously installed gateways

in the IP Settings tab and click OK.

Do one or more of the following if you want to configure additional IP addresses:

•In the IP Settings tab, in IP addresses, click Add.

•In TCP/IP Address, type an IP address in IP address and a subnet mask in Subnet mask, and then click Add.

• Repeat the above two steps for each IP address you want to add.

• Configure additional default gateways in the IP Settings tab by clicking Add in Default gateways.

•In TCP/IP Gateway Address, type the IP address of the default gateway in Gateway. To manually configure a default metric (the number of transmission hops), clear the Automatic metric check box and type a metric in Metric.

• Click Add.

• Repeat the previous three steps for each default gateway you want to add.

• Click OK when finished.

Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 207

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Figure 127 Windows XP: Advanced TCP/IP Properties

7 In the Internet Protocol TCP/IP Properties window (the General tab in Windows XP):

• Click Obtain DNS server address automatically if you do not know your DNS server IP address(es).

• If you know your DNS server IP address(es), click Use the following DNS server addresses, and type them in the Preferred DNS server and Alternate DNS server fields.

If you have previously configured DNS servers, click Advanced and then the DNS tab to order them.

208 Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address

Figure 128 Windows XP: Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

8 Click OK to close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window.

9 Click Close (OK in Windows 2000/NT) to close the Local Area Connection Properties

window.

10 Close the Network Connections window (Network and Dial-up Connections in

Windows 2000/NT).

11Turn on your NOA-3570 and restart your computer (if prompted).

Verifying Settings

1 Click Start, All Programs, Accessories and then Command Prompt.

2 In the Command Prompt window, type "ipconfig" and then press [ENTER]. You can

also open Network Connections, right-click a network connection, click Status and then click the Support tab.

Macintosh OS 8/9

1 Click the Apple menu, Control Panel and double-click TCP/IP to open the TCP/IP

Control Panel.

Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 209

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Figure 129 Macintosh OS 8/9: Apple Menu

2 Select Ethernet built-in from the Connect via list.

Figure 130 Macintosh OS 8/9: TCP/IP

3 For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP Server from the Configure: list.

210 Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address

4 For statically assigned settings, do the following:

5 Close the TCP/IP Control Panel.

6 Click Save if prompted, to save changes to your configuration.

7 Turn on your NOA-3570 and restart your computer (if prompted).

Verifying Settings

Check your TCP/IP properties in the TCP/IP Control Panel window.

Macintosh OS X

1 Click the Apple menu, and click System Preferences to open the System Preferences

window.

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

•From the Configure box, select Manually.

• Type your IP address in the IP Address box.

• Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box.

• Type the IP address of your NOA-3570 in the Router address box.

Figure 131 Macintosh OS X: Apple Menu

2 Click Network in the icon bar.

• Select Automatic from the Location list.

• Select Built-in Ethernet from the Show list.

• Click the TCP/IP tab.

3 For dynamically assigned settings, select Using DHCP from the Configure list.

Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address 211

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Figure 132 Macintosh OS X: Network

4 For statically assigned settings, do the following:

5 Click Apply Now and close the window.

6 Turn on your NOA-3570 and restart your computer (if prompted).

Verifying Settings

Check your TCP/IP properties in the Network window.

•From the Configure box, select Manually.

• Type your IP address in the IP Address box.

• Type your subnet mask in the Subnet mask box.

• Type the IP address of your NOA-3570 in the Router address box.

212 Appendix D Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address

IP Addressing

Routers “route” based on the network number. The router that delivers the data packet to the correct destination host uses the host ID.

IP Classes

An IP address is made up of four octets (eight bits), written in dotted decimal notation, for example, 192.168.1.1. IP addresses are categorized into different classes. The class of an address depends on the value of its first octet.

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

APPENDIX E

IP Subnetting

• Class “A” addresses have a 0 in the left most bit. In a class “A” address the first octet is the network number and the remaining three octets make up the host ID.

• Class “B” addresses have a 1 in the left most bit and a 0 in the next left most bit. In a class “B” address the first two octets make up the network number and the two remaining octets make up the host ID.

• Class “C” addresses begin (starting from the left) with 1 1 0. In a class “C” address the first three octets make up the network number and the last octet is the host ID.

• Class “D” addresses begin with 1 1 1 0. Class “D” addresses are used for multicasting. (There is also a class “E” address. It is reserved for future use.)

Table 88 Classes of IP AddressesNOA-3570

IP ADDRESS: OCTET 1 OCTET 2 OCTET 3 OCTET 4

Class A 0 Network number Host ID Host ID Host ID

Class B 10 Network number Network number Host ID Host ID

Class C 11 0 Network number Network number Network number Host ID

Note: Host IDs of all zeros or all ones are not allowed.

Therefore:

A class “C” network (8 host bits) can have 2

A class “B” address (16 host bits) can have 2

A class “A” address (24 host bits) can have 2

Appendix E IP Subnetting 213

–2 or 254 hosts.

–2 or 65534 hosts.

–2 hosts (approximately 16 million hosts).

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Since the first octet of a class “A” IP address must contain a “0”, the first octet of a class “A” address can have a value of 0 to 127.

Similarly the first octet of a class “B” must begin with “10”, therefore the first octet of a class “B” address has a valid range of 128 to 191. The first octet of a class “C” address begins with “110”, and therefore has a range of 192 to 223.

Table 89 Allowed IP Address Range By ClassNOA-3570

CLASS

Class A 00000000 to 01111111 0 to 127

Class B 10000000 to 10111111 128 to 191

Class C 11000000 to 11011111 192 to 223

Class D 11100000 to 11101111 224 to 239

Subnet Masks

A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). A subnet mask has 32 is a “1” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is “0” then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID.

Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just as IP addresses are. The “natural” masks for class A, B and C IP addresses are as follows.

Table 90 “Natural” MasksNOA-3570

ALLOWED RANGE OF FIRST OCTET (BINARY)

ALLOWED RANGE OF FIRST OCTET (DECIMAL)

CLASS NATURAL MASK

A 255.0.0.0

B 255.255.0.0

C 255.255.255.0

Subnetting

With subnetting, the class arrangement of an IP address is ignored. For example, a class C address no longer has to have 24 bits of network number and 8 bits of host ID. With subnetting, some of the host ID bits are converted into network number bits. By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the left most bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.

214 Appendix E IP Subnetting

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a “/” followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address.

For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128.

The following table shows all possible subnet masks for a class “C” address using both notations.

Table 91 Alternative Subnet Mask NotationNOA-3570

SUBNET MASK IP ADDRESS SUBNET MASK “1” BITS LAST OCTET BIT VALUE

255.255.255.0 /24 0000 0000

255.255.255.128 /25 1000 0000

255.255.255.192 /26 1100 0000

255.255.255.224 /27 1110 0000

255.255.255.240 /28 1111 0000

255.255.255.248 /29 1111 1000

255.255.255.252 /30 1111 110 0

The first mask shown is the class “C” natural mask. Normally if no mask is specified it is understood that the natural mask is being used.

Example: Two Subnets

As an example, you have a class “C” address 192.168.1.0 with subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.

Table 92 Two Subnets ExampleNOA-3570

NETWORK NUMBER HOST ID

IP Address 192.168.1. 0

IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000

Subnet Mask 255.255.255. 0

Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 00000000

The first three octets of the address make up the network number (class “C”). You want to have two separate networks.

Divide the network 192.168.1.0 into two separate subnets by converting one of the host ID bits of the IP address to a network number bit. The “borrowed” host ID bit can be either “0” or “1” thus giving two subnets; 192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 and 192.168.1.128 with mask 255.255.255.128.

Appendix E IP Subnetting 215

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Note: In the following charts, shaded/bolded last octet bit values indicate host ID bits “borrowed” to form network ID bits. The number of “borrowed” host ID bits determines the number of subnets you can have. The remaining number of host ID bits (after “borrowing”) determines the number of hosts you can have on each subnet.

Table 93 Subnet 1NOA-3570

NETWORK NUMBER

IP Address 192.168.1. 0

IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000

Subnet Mask 255.255.255. 128

Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111.11111111. 10000000

Subnet Address: 192.168.1.0 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1

Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.127

Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126

LAST OCTET BIT VAL UE

Table 94 Subnet 2NOA-3570

NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE

IP Address 192.168.1. 128

IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 10000000

Subnet Mask 255.255.255. 128

Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111. 11111111 . 10000000

Subnet Address:

192.168.1.128

Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.255

Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129

Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254

The remaining 7 bits determine the number of hosts each subnet can have. Host IDs of all zeros represent the subnet itself and host IDs of all ones are the broadcast address for that subnet, so the actual number of hosts available on each subnet in the example above is 2

– 2

or 126 hosts for each subnet.

192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is the subnet itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask

255.255.255.128 is the directed broadcast address for the first subnet. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to an actual host for the first subnet is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126. Similarly the host ID range for the second subnet is 192.168.1.129 to

192.168.1.254.

216 Appendix E IP Subnetting

Example: Four Subnets

The above example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a class “C” address space into two subnets. Similarly to divide a class “C” address into four subnets, you need to “borrow” two host ID bits to give four possible combinations of 00, 01, 10 and 11. The subnet mask is 26 bits (11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192. Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 2 1’s is the broadcast address on the subnet).

Table 95 Subnet 1NOA-3570

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

-2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (all 0’s is the subnet itself, all

NETWORK NUMBER

IP Address 192.168.1. 0

IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000

Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111 . 11111111. 11000000

Subnet Address: 192.168.1.0 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1

Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.63

Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62

LAST OCTET BIT VALUE

Table 96 Subnet 2NOA-3570

NETWORK NUMBER

IP Address 192.168.1. 64

IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 01000000

Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111. 11111111.11111111. 11 000000

Subnet Address: 192.168.1.64 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65

Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.127 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126

LAST OCTET BIT VALUE

Table 97 Subnet 3NOA-3570

NETWORK NUMBER

IP Address 192.168.1. 128

IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 10000000

Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111 . 11111111. 11000000

Subnet Address:

192.168.1.128

Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.191

Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129

Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.190

LAST OCTET BIT VALUE

Appendix E IP Subnetting 217

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Table 98 Subnet 4NOA-3570

IP Address 192.168.1. 192

IP Address (Binary) 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11000000

Subnet Mask (Binary) 11111111.11111111. 11111111 . 11000000

Subnet Address:

192.168.1.192

Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.255

Example Eight Subnets

Similarly use a 27-bit mask to create 8 subnets (001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110).

The following table shows class C IP address last octet values for each subnet.

Table 99 Eight SubnetsNOA-3570

NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE

Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.193

Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254

SUBNET SUBNET ADDRESS FIRST ADDRESS LAST ADDRESS

1 0 1 30 31

2 32 33 62 63

3 64 65 94 95

4 96 97 126 127

5 128 129 158 159

6 160 161 190 191

7 192 193 222 223

8 224 225 254 255

BROADCAST ADDRESS

The following table is a summary for class “C” subnet planning.

Table 100 Class C Subnet PlanningNOA-3570

NO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS

1 255.255.255.128 (/25) 2 126

2 255.255.255.192 (/26) 4 62

3 255.255.255.224 (/27) 8 30

4 255.255.255.240 (/28) 16 14

5 255.255.255.248 (/29) 32 6

6 255.255.255.252 (/30) 64 2

7 255.255.255.254 (/31) 128 1

SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS

NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET

218 Appendix E IP Subnetting

Subnetting With Class A and Class B Networks.

For class “A” and class “B” addresses the subnet mask also determines which bits are part of the network number and which are part of the host ID.

A class “B” address has two host ID octets available for subnetting and a class “A” address has three host ID octets (see Table 88 on page 213) available for subnetting.

The following table is a summary for class “B” subnet planning.

Table 101 Class B Subnet PlanningNOA-3570

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

NO. “BORROWED” HOST BITS

1 255.255.128.0 (/17) 2 32766

2 255.255.192.0 (/18) 4 16382

3 255.255.224.0 (/19) 8 8190

4 255.255.240.0 (/20) 16 4094

5 255.255.248.0 (/21) 32 2046

6 255.255.252.0 (/22) 64 1022

7 255.255.254.0 (/23) 128 510

8 255.255.255.0 (/24) 256 254

9 255.255.255.128 (/25) 512 126

10 255.255.255.192 (/26) 1024 62

11 255.255.255.224 (/27) 2048 30

12 255.255.255.240 (/28) 4096 14

13 255.255.255.248 (/29) 8192 6

14 255.255.255.252 (/30) 16384 2

15 255.255.255.254 (/31) 32768 1

SUBNET MASK NO. SUBNETS

NO. HOSTS PER SUBNET

Appendix E IP Subnetting 219

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

220 Appendix E IP Subnetting

Wireless LAN Topologies

This section discusses ad-hoc and infrastructure wireless LAN topologies.

Ad-hoc Wireless LAN Configuration

The simplest WLAN configuration is an independent (Ad-hoc) WLAN that connects a set of computers with wireless stations (A, B, C). Any time two or more wireless adapters are within range of each other, they can set up an independent network, which is commonly referred to as an Ad-hoc network or Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). The following diagram shows an example of notebook computers using wireless adapters to form an Ad-hoc wireless LAN.

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Appendix F

Wireless LAN

Figure 133 Peer-to-Peer Communication in an Ad-hoc Network

BSS

A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless stations or between a wireless station and a wired network client go through one access point (AP).

Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless stations in the BSS. When Intra-BSS is enabled, wireless station A and B can access the wired network and communicate with each other. When Intra-BSS is disabled, wireless station A and B can still access the wired network but cannot communicate with each other.

Appendix F Wireless LAN 221

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Figure 134 Basic Service Set

ESS

An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS).

This type of wireless LAN topology is called an Infrastructure WLAN. The Access Points not only provide communication with the wired network but also mediate wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood.

An ESSID (ESS IDentification) uniquely identifies each ESS. All access points and their associated wireless stations within the same ESS must have the same ESSID in order to communicate.

222 Appendix F Wireless LAN

Figure 135 Infrastructure WLAN

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Channel

A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by IEEE 802.11a/b/g wireless devices. Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your region) so you should use a different channel than an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce interference. Interference occurs when radio signals from different access points overlap causing interference and degrading performance.

Adjacent channels partially overlap however. To avoid interference due to overlap, your AP should be on a channel at least five channels away from a channel that an adjacent AP is using. For example, if your region has 11 channels and an adjacent AP is using channel 1, then you need to select a channel between 6 or 11.

RTS/CTS

A hidden node occurs when two stations are within range of the same access point, but are not within range of each other. The following figure illustrates a hidden node. Both stations (STA) are within range of the access point (AP) or wireless gateway, but out-of-range of each other, so they cannot "hear" each other, that is they do not know if the channel is currently being used. Therefore, they are considered hidden from each other.

Appendix F Wireless LAN 223

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Figure 136 RTS/CTS

When station A sends data to the AP, it might not know that the station B is already using the channel. If these two stations send data at the same time, collisions may occur when both sets of data arrive at the AP at the same time, resulting in a loss of messages for both stations.

RTS/CTS is designed to prevent collisions due to hidden nodes. An RTS/CTS defines the biggest size data frame you can send before an RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake is invoked.

When a data frame exceeds the RTS/CTS value you set (between 0 to 2432 bytes), the station that wants to transmit this frame must first send an RTS (Request To Send) message to the AP for permission to send it. The AP then responds with a CTS (Clear to Send) message to all other stations within its range to notify them to defer their transmission. It also reserves and confirms with the requesting station the time frame for the requested transmission.

Stations can send frames smaller than the specified RTS/CTS directly to the AP without the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake.

You should only configure RTS/CTS if the possibility of hidden nodes exists on your network and the "cost" of resending large frames is more than the extra network overhead involved in the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake.

If the RTS/CTS value is greater than the Fragmentation Threshold value (see next), then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.

Note: Enabling the RTS Threshold causes redundant network overhead that could

negatively affect the throughput performance instead of providing a remedy.

Fragmentation Threshold

A Fragmentation Threshold is the maximum data fragment size (between 256 and 2432 bytes) that can be sent in the wireless network before the AP will fragment the packet into smaller data frames.

224 Appendix F Wireless LAN

A large Fragmentation Threshold is recommended for networks not prone to interference while you should set a smaller threshold for busy networks or networks that are prone to interference.

If the Fragmentation Threshold value is smaller than the RTS/CTS value (see previously) you set then the RTS (Request To Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) handshake will never occur as data frames will be fragmented before they reach RTS/CTS size.

Preamble Type

A preamble is used to synchronize the transmission timing in your wireless network. There are two preamble modes: Long and Short.

Short preamble takes less time to process and minimizes overhead, so it should be used in a good wireless network environment when all wireless stations support it.

Select Long if you have a ‘noisy’ network or are unsure of what preamble mode your wireless stations support as all IEEE 802.11b compliant wireless adapters must support long preamble. However, not all wireless adapters support short preamble. Use long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode the wireless adapters support, to ensure interpretability between the AP and the wireless stations and to provide more reliable communication in ‘noisy’ networks.

NOA-3570 User’s Guide

Select Dynamic to have the AP automatically use short preamble when all wireless stations support it, otherwise the AP uses long preamble.

Note: The AP and the wireless stations MUST use the same preamble mode in order to communicate.

IEEE 802.11g Wireless LAN

IEEE 802.11g is fully compatible with the IEEE 802.11b standard. This means an IEEE

802.11b adapter can interface directly with an IEEE 802.11g access point (and vice versa) at 11 Mbps or lower depending on range. IEEE 802.11g has several intermediate rate steps between the maximum and minimum data rates. The IEEE 802.11g data rate and modulation are as follows:

Table 102 IEEE802.11g

DATA RATE (MBPS) MODULATION

1 DBPSK (Differential Binary Phase Shift Keyed)

2 DQPSK (Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)

5.5 / 11 CCK (Complementary Code Keying)

6/9/12/18/24/36/48/54 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)

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IEEE 802.1x

In June 2001, the IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.11 to support extended authentication as well as providing additional accounting and control features. It is supported by Windows XP and a number of network devices. Some advantages of IEEE 802.1x are:

• User based identification that allows for roaming.

• Support for RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service, RFC 2138, 2139) for centralized user profile and accounting management on a network RADIUS server.

• Support for EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol, RFC 2486) that allows additional authentication methods to be deployed with no changes to the access point or the wireless stations.

RADIUS

RADIUS is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and accounting. The access point is the client and the server is the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server handles the following tasks:

• Authentication

Determines the identity of the users.

• Authorization

Determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the network.

• Accounting

Keeps track of the client’s network activity.

RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the wireless station and the network RADIUS server.

Types of RADIUS Messages

The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user authentication:

• Access-Request

Sent by an access point requesting authentication.

• Access-Reject

Sent by a RADIUS server rejecting access.

• Access-Accept

Sent by a RADIUS server allowing access.

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• Access-Challenge

Sent by a RADIUS server requesting more information in order to allow access. The access point sends a proper response from the user and then sends another AccessRequest message.

The following types of RADIUS messages are exchanged between the access point and the RADIUS server for user accounting:

• Accounting-Request

Sent by the access point requesting accounting.

• Accounting-Response

Sent by the RADIUS server to indicate that it has started or stopped accounting.

In order to ensure network security, the access point and the RADIUS server use a shared secret key, which is a password, they both know. The key is not sent over the network. In addition to the shared key, password information exchanged is also encrypted to protect the network from unauthorized access.

EAP Authentication

EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) is an authentication protocol that runs on top of the IEEE802.1x transport mechanism in order to support multiple types of user authentication. By using EAP to interact with an EAP-compatible RADIUS server, the access point helps a wireless station and a RADIUS server perform authentication.

The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server or the AP.

The following figure shows an overview of authentication when you specify a RADIUS server on your access point.

Figure 137 EAP Authentication

The details below provide a general description of how IEEE 802.1x EAP authentication works. For an example list of EAP-MD5 authentication steps, see the IEEE 802.1x appendix.

1 The wireless station sends a “start” message to the device.

2 The device sends a “request identity” message to the wireless station for identity

information.

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3 The wireless station replies with identity information, including username and password.

4 The RADIUS server checks the user information against its user profile database and

determines whether or not to authenticate the wireless station.

Types of Authentication

This section discusses some popular authentication types: EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAPTTLS, PEAP and LEAP.

The type of authentication you use depends on the RADIUS server or the AP. Consult your network administrator for more information.

EAP-MD5 (Message-Digest Algorithm 5)

MD5 authentication is the simplest one-way authentication method. The authentication server sends a challenge to the wireless station. The wireless station ‘proves’ that it knows the password by encrypting the password with the challenge and sends back the information. Password is not sent in plain text.

However, MD5 authentication has some weaknesses. Since the authentication server needs to get the plaintext passwords, the passwords must be stored. Thus someone other than the authentication server may access the password file. In addition, it is possible to impersonate an authentication server as MD5 authentication method does not perform mutual authentication. Finally, MD5 authentication method does not support data encryption with dynamic session key. You must configure WEP encryption keys for data encryption.

EAP-TLS (Transport Layer Security)

With EAP-TLS, digital certifications are needed by both the server and the wireless stations for mutual authentication. The server presents a certificate to the client. After validating the identity of the server, the client sends a different certificate to the server. The exchange of certificates is done in the open before a secured tunnel is created. This makes user identity vulnerable to passive attacks. A digital certificate is an electronic ID card that authenticates the sender’s identity. However, to implement EAP-TLS, you need a Certificate Authority (CA) to handle certificates, which imposes a management overhead.

EAP-TTLS (Tunneled Transport Layer Service)

EAP-TTLS is an extension of the EAP-TLS authentication that uses certificates for only the server-side authentications to establish a secure connection. Client authentication is then done by sending username and password through the secure connection, thus client identity is protected. For client authentication, EAP-TTLS supports EAP methods and legacy authentication methods such as PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP and MS-CHAP v2.

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PEAP (Protected EAP)

Like EAP-TTLS, server-side certificate authentication is used to establish a secure connection, then use simple username and password methods through the secured connection to authenticate the clients, thus hiding client identity. However, PEAP only supports EAP methods, such as EAP-MD5, EAP-MSCHAPv2 and EAP-GTC (EAP-Generic Token Card), for client authentication. EAP-GTC is implemented only by Cisco.

LEAP

LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) is a Cisco implementation of IEEE

802.1x.

WEP Encryption

WEP encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the wireless stations and the access points to keep network communications private. It encrypts unicast and multicast communications in a network. Both the wireless stations and the access points must use the same WEP key.

WEP Authentication Steps

Three different methods can be used to authenticate wireless stations to the network: Open System, Shared Key, and Auto. The following figure illustrates the steps involved.

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Figure 138 WEP Authentication Steps

Open system authentication involves an unencrypted two-message procedure. A wireless station sends an open system authentication request to the AP, which will then automatically accept and connect the wireless station to the network. In effect, open system is not authentication at all as any station can gain access to the network.

Shared key authentication involves a four-message procedure. A wireless station sends a shared key authentication request to the AP, which will then reply with a challenge text message. The wireless station must then use the AP’s default WEP key to encrypt the challenge text and return it to the AP, which attempts to decrypt the message using the AP’s default WEP key. If the decrypted message matches the challenge text, the wireless station is authenticated.

When your device authentication method is set to open system, it will only accept open system authentication requests. The same is true for shared key authentication. However, when it is set to auto authentication, the device will accept either type of authentication request and the device will fall back to use open authentication if the shared key does not match.

Dynamic WEP Key Exchange

The AP maps a unique key that is generated with the RADIUS server. This key expires when the wireless connection times out, disconnects or reauthentication times out. A new WEP key is generated each time reauthentication is performed.

If this feature is enabled, it is not necessary to configure a default encryption key in the Wireless screen. You may still configure and store keys here, but they will not be used while Dynamic WEP is enabled.

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Note: EAP-MD5 cannot be used with Dynamic WEP Key Exchange

For added security, certificate-based authentications (EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS and PEAP) use dynamic keys for data encryption. They are often deployed in corporate environments, but for public deployment, a simple user name and password pair is more practical. The following table is a comparison of the features of authentication types.

Table 103 Comparison of EAP Authentication Types

EAP-MD5 EAP-TLS EAP-TTLS PEAP LEAP

Mutual Authentication No Yes Yes Ye s Yes

Certificate – Client No Ye s Optional Optional No

Certificate – Server No Yes Yes Ye s No

Dynamic Key Exchange No Ye s Ye s Yes Yes

Credential Integrity None Strong Str ong Strong Moderate

Deployment Difficulty Easy Hard Moderate Moderate Moderate

Client Identity Protection No No Ye s Yes No

WPA

User Authentication

WPA applies IEEE 802.1x and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) to authenticate wireless stations using an external RADIUS database.

Encryption

WPA improves data encryption by using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) or

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Message Integrity Check (MIC) and IEEE 802.1x.

TKIP uses 128-bit keys that are dynamically generated and distributed by the authentication server. It includes a per-packet key mixing function, a Message Integrity Check (MIC) named Michael, an extended initialization vector (IV) with sequencing rules, and a re-keying mechanism.

TKIP regularly changes and rotates the encryption keys so that the same encryption key is never used twice.

The RADIUS server distributes a Pairwise Master Key (PMK) key to the AP that then sets up a key hierarchy and management system, using the PMK to dynamically generate unique data encryption keys to encrypt every data packet that is wirelessly communicated between the AP and the wireless stations. This all happens in the background automatically.

AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) also uses a secret key. This implementation of AES applies a 128-bit key to 128-bit blocks of data.

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The Message Integrity Check (MIC) is designed to prevent an attacker from capturing data packets, altering them and resending them. The MIC provides a strong mathematical function in which the receiver and the transmitter each compute and then compare the MIC. If they do not match, it is assumed that the data has been tampered with and the packet is dropped.

By generating unique data encryption keys for every data packet and by creating an integrity checking mechanism (MIC), TKIP makes it much more difficult to decrypt data on a Wi-Fi network than WEP, making it difficult for an intruder to break into the network.

The encryption mechanisms used for WPA and WPA-PSK are the same. The only difference between the two is that WPA-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials. The common-password approach makes WPA-PSK susceptible to brute-force password-guessing attacks but it’s still an improvement over WEP as it employs an easier-touse, consistent, single, alphanumeric password.

Security Parameters Summary

Refer to this table to see what other security parameters you should configure for each Authentication Method/ key management protocol type. MAC address filters are not dependent on how you configure these security features.

Table 104 Wireless Security Relational MatrixNOA-3570

AUTHENTICATION METHOD/ KEY MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL

Open None No No

Open WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key

Shared WEP No Enable with Dynamic WEP Key

WPA WEP No Yes

WPA TKIP No Yes

WPA-PSK WEP Yes Yes

WPA-PSK TKIP Yes Yes

Roaming

ENCRYPTION METHOD

ENTER MANUAL KEY

Yes Enable without Dynamic WEP Key

Yes Disable

Yes Enable without Dynamic WEP Key

Yes Disable

ENABLE IEEE 802.1X

A wireless station is a device with an IEEE 802.11 mode compliant wireless adapter. An access point (AP) acts as a bridge between the wireless and wired networks. An AP creates its own wireless coverage area. A wireless station can associate with a particular access point only if it is within the access point’s coverage area.

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In a network environment with multiple access points, wireless stations are able to switch from one access point to another as they move between the coverage areas. This is roaming. As the wireless station moves from place to place, it is responsible for choosing the most appropriate access point depending on the signal strength, network utilization or other factors.

The roaming feature on the access points allows the access points to relay information about the wireless stations to each other. When a wireless station moves from a coverage area to another, it scans and uses the channel of a new access point, which then informs the access points on the LAN about the change. The new information is then propagated to the other access points on the LAN. An example is shown in Figure 139.

If the roaming feature is not enabled on the access points, information is not communicated between the access points when a wireless station moves between coverage areas. The wireless station may not be able to communicate with other wireless stations on the network and vice versa.

Figure 139 Roaming Example

The steps below describe the roaming process.

1 As wireless station Y moves from the coverage area of access point P1 to that of access

point

2 P2, it scans and uses the signal of access point P2.

3 Access point P2 acknowledges the presence of wireless station Y and relays this

information to access point P1 through the wired LAN.

4 Access point P1 updates the new position of wireless station.

5 Wireless station Y sends a request to access point P2 for re-authentication.

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Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual