CAUTIONS
tion
os indicoted by rhe orrow,
lurns. This
the
felt. Turn
pulled
like feeling hos
TINUE
MIGHT PULL THE
to re-loqd
get
to
I5.
indicotes
smoll cogs
post
out from under the
TO TURN THE REWIND KNOB IN THIS
comero,
o hold on it to re-lood it
UNTOADING THE
thot while
Note
thot the perforotions
(lllust.
Y). Continue
this ond o slight
occurred, fhe collor will ceose
FILM RIGHT
the
spring
end of
you turn the
the
(lllust.
ON
film must protrude enough to
CAMERA
rewind knob
collor oround the releobe bu$on
the film
of
to rewind until
be the effect os the film
will
ierk
V). lmmediotely ofter this
to
turn.
CASE,
THE
INTO
to toke-up spool.
on
CARTRIDGE. In order
in
th6
ore engoged with
o slight
pressure
DO
NOT CON-
BECAI.JSE
direc-
is
is
ierk-
YOU
be oble
winding knob for
Turn
not
forced out of cartridge.
be
must be taken into
camera shop
into its
I
a
l
I
it into cartridge, be sure
T
as the
be
ed
Be
way to R. This will automatically uncouple film advance
mechanism and shutter
2.
Z)
arrow to
cartridge. Continue to turn this
cartridge. IThen
(The).
re-exposed to light and spoil-
by
l.
Push reverse lever from A
(Advance) to R (Reverse).
sure
Pull
and
If camera
film is rewound it
fogging.
lever is
rewind
up
turn in direction
rewind film into
the darkroom, or you should
and have them
pushed
knob
last exposure
your
If film happens
remove the exposed
roll is exposed
the
speed dials
is set on
all the
gears.
(Illust.
T, the shutter
wiil
of
its
very cautiously so film
to
forced out, cameta
be
take it to a local
film and replace it
and it is necessary to
are set on any other speed than
may temain
will
rewind
open and,
21
knob until a slight
sure until
spool.
around the deoressed
to turn,
back
is
completely wound
Note
yo.,
into
you
know that
magazrne.
pressure
feel
end of
that while the rewind knob
release button continues
Give the
back
is felt and then turn
filn-r
pull
a srnall portion of
only
knob z or 3 more
into its magazine.
out
from
under
is
being
to turn. \7hen
film remains
turns
this slight pres-
past
spring of take-up
so
to
that
the collar
this ceases
be
the
turned,
wound
film
the camera as already explained
FIIM
MAGAZINE
so right index
ready to
ton. Left index
should be on
focusing
bution by gently
the
hand or arm. The
clear, shatp, crisp
is
shifting of camen at
shutter
further
deep
held while releasing
ton. This
possible movement
by breathing.
press
lever. Release
finger,
avoid movement
to
is released.
suggested that
breath be taken
finger is
release
finger
knob of lens
pressing
not the
eliminates
entire
secret of
pictures
caused
but-
the
or
time
It is
and
but-
any
4. Pull out the film
AA)
thumb and finger.
magazirle
in
15.
SHUTTER.- tt
camera steady
trated in lllust.
against
a
firmly grasping
bv
from
container supplied
RETEASE
cheek
(Illust. T).
magazine
center tube
Protect the loaded
tight
direct
by
with film.
BUTTON
is advisable to hold
with
BB. Rest
and hold it in
hands as illus-
both
camera
(Illust.
replacing
FOR
both
in
firmly
hands
,F
J1
F
o
b0
,t)
J
F
F
F
()
17. HORIZONTAL AND
VERTICAL PICTURES-
Holding
chanse
establishes a
ing
are used to
ton and/or focusing
horizontal or vertical
Holding
in lilust. DD while
surveying the
possible
era to the
either horizontally
with the fingers
same
the
TO\fER
from
horizontal to vertical
habit
because
the
operate the release
the camera in
to
quickly
proper taking
position.
35
for
picture
same set of fingers
lever in either
readiness as
dirccting
subject makes it
raise the
or
always in the
mm as
tak-
but-
position.
or
cam-
position
vertically,
forms
Two
with the TOVER
taken
calnera.
when caffrera
taken
BB.
Illust.
cal when
CC.
Illust.
always
at the same
and,
finger should
dex
to operate
Either
finger of
ways operate
described
above
pictures,
of pictures
A horizontal exposure
The exposure
camera
The right hand
help support
middle or
the
the left hand
and vice versa. It also
is
time, the
be in a
the release button.
focusing lever.
the
permits
can be
35
is held as
is verti-
as
held
should
the camera
right
position
the index
should
a very rapid
mm
is
in
in
in-
al-
ACCESSORIES
FOR
YOUR
*T0
35
SUPPTEMENTARY
There are
mm
31
this camera is
are all standardized
TOS7ER
Leica
The interchange
the lens
should
changing
sunlight.
All of the
are
used for
mrn lenses
50
all
NIKKOR lenses.
russet-brown
a number
Camen.
the fact
mn
35
cameras.
approximately
fit moderately
lenses,
NIKKOR lenses
equipped to
the telephoto
plush
mm
of accessories
One of
that
and many
camera,
of a
lens is
27/2
tight
the
open camera
couple with
or wide
(Illust.
1).*
All
lined
TENSES
the
and
NIKKOR accessory
carryin.el
t
R
our of| ttaDa rall
CAI ERA
available
most unique
the
lenses
of the famous
the
NIKKOR lenses will
done easily.
twns in
to
bring it into
body should
for
use with
the rangefinder.
angle
Thus,
cases (Illust.
features
are interchangeable.
All
the flange
lenses
the
on the
proper
be.protected
the TOVER
as is used
regS,rlar rangefinder
lenses
for
your new
in
the versatility
Leica lenses
fit many
have
you
The
2).
to
camera.
position.
35
saine
with
corne in
TO\7ER
of
The
lenses
will
fit
the
of the
is
do
screw
The
lens
\fhen
from
strong
mm
camera
principle
the standard
is
beautiful,
is
used for
*NOTE:
knurled
the stondord
On ihe
focusing
ring.
50 mm
telephoto
There
ond
wide
lenses
focusing
is no
focusing
ongle lenses.
24
is done
lever,
by rurning
os is fhe
the
cose with
the surface
of the lens
while
under
All NIKKOR
inside only. It
inside surface oniy
of
scratches.
element
coated, this
ject
outside
ognized
to-blue
It is evident
or outside of
coating
to scratches
surface.
in
ordinary
This coating
cast.
a vacuum.
lenses are
is
than the
T'he coating can be
coated on
believed
would
light by
the coating
will help prevent
that if the
lens were
the
more
be
hard, uncoated
its reddish-
is fused to
the
front
sub-
rec-
The coating
found
surface
in the case of
ency to
trast of
will
produce
same
NIKKOR
good
duced by
in the
rated so
ing
raphers on
front discarded
other
using NIKKOR
reduces loss of
an uncoated lens
that
reflection; whereas
the
scatter the
image
the
more
a
construction.
lenses
as any
magazine
ever
lens maker
any
world. They
high that lead-
photog-
the Korean
lenses
and are
NIKKOR
light
by
the negatit'e.
on
brilliant
have
been
pro-
are
their
lenses.
light due
has a light
this light loss
coated
internal
negative than
rated by
to
loss of
lens. An uncoated
reflections.
Thus, the
famous
surface
reflection. It
30
is reduced
This impairs the
coated NIKKOR
the uncoated
technicians
to
31Jb
less than Lo
to
lens
lenses
has
been
because
has a tend-
con-
lenses
of the
as being
of
,4a
as
CARE
OF
NIKKOR
IENSES
These lenses, like
fluences
fingers.
tendency
covered with
caps for
collection
lens
removed
with
FOCAT
is
It
speed
stopping
higher
reserve
avoid
consideration.
leaves
at full aperture
The features
lens,
opening, the
desirable in
moisture
of
from
Salt
to
corrode the
its lens
front
both
of
dirt and
is
detached from
with
the greatest
lens tissue.
TENGTH
well
to remember
mm
5O
the use
or
for
lens at full
down to increase
power
of these
to
be used
of
If
back petals to
of the
instance
ears and hair
portrait
all
high
quality optical
and,
of course,
perspiration
surface.
cap. In the
andfor rear must
dust. Always
camera. Dirt,
care. Remove
OF
A IENS
that
the depth
aperture
the
ultra speed lenses
for
only
full
aperture
want
you
is ideal.
person might
the
to
become soft or slightly
The
mm
50
might well
photography.
glass, are susceptible
should
fingers
on
$7hen not in
case of demounted lenses,
keep lens in its
of
is comparatively
depth of field is
adverse
lighting conditions.
unless the
photograph a rose and
is
same
needle
be
f
is wide
ft.4,
not
not
oniy
use, the lens should
replaced
be
dust
true in
be out of focus.
finger marks
or
any
dust by
field
of a well-corrected,
should
depth of field is
out of focus,
portrait
slfarp
open. However,
to
touched with
be
smears,
on lens to avoid
carrying case when
small. As
often necessary.
be considered as a
when
but has a
the lens
must
wiping
cause the stem,
the
lightly
a result,
One should
taken into
the
photography.
high speed
at this
This is
often
in-
the
be
be
high
The
lens
The
35
photo
closer and
field
These illustrations
N7ith the wide-angle
mm lens
50
mm
camera. A long
lens. For
larger. At
covered
by
is
instance,
the normal
show what
called the standard focal
focal length
the 135 mrl.
the same
t0
mm lens the
3)
lens is
lens makes the image
time, it cuts down
mm lens. (See
the camera taking
angle is much greater
length for
popularly termed
photos
the TO\7ER
on the
lens actually
size of the
at right.)
than v'ith
a tele-
appear
sees.
normal
ihe
the angle
hand,
the case
is in
the case
135 mm ielephoto
cr field. but
mm lens. On
i0
is tl'-rch smaller
of the
13i mm lens than
of the
50
lens
makes the objecr
(For example: the clock
frame
the
pletely
photo
is
the
of
than
it
picture
does
made with the
For rapid calculation, divide
length
into the
con-ipared.
to subject
will give a
power
the
the
the
of the standard
focal length
of
All distances
remaining equal, the
rough
the lens as con-rpared
of
mm lens. For example, as in
50
of the 135 mm lens, divide
case
into 135 and
i0
you
means that the image will
the other
mm lens. The
a small-
covets
lerger.
towet fills
more
when the same
nim iens.)
10
the focal
mm lens
50
the lens being
from
camera
estirnate
of the
get 2.7.
2.J ttmes
be
larger when taken with the 131
For
lens.
say
image 3 times that of the
The same
although
times larger
all general
duce an
5o
mm. If ihe leler,l:oto
100 mm the image would then
all
practical pufposes,
that the
13) mrn lens gives an
is
true for the 85 n-in-r lens,
it
produces
(85
divided
purposes,
image 2 tirnes larger
rnm lens.
50
an image 1.7
by
)0).
is
it
said to
than the
lcns vcre^- '-'" '---r-
be
act\y 2 tirnes larger.
in
it
com-
result
rvith
This
rntp
we
For
pro-
ex-
.:
ANGLE
WIDE
NORMA! 50
TETEPHOTO
mm IEN5
35
mm
mm LENS
85
1-1?
P,
tENS
1
Photos by George Potts
IELEPHOTO
I35
mm IEN!
out. Its
distribution
of brilliant,
images
highly,
produces the
brilliance
types, the
recent non-collapsible
lapsible
special note,
than
exceptional
over the film frame.
crisp
is due
to the non-scattering
precision-ground
proper
are
needed.
collapsible
lens focuses
12
page
feet.)
3/2
quality
negatives
tones wherever
on
NIKKOR
The
NIKKOR f f z
mm Iens
50
poses. This includes
inside
guns,
is
lens
This lens
(Illust.
(Illust.
down to
focusing
5O
can be used
shots taken
press work
the
evenness
The
with
needle-sharp
of light,
elements.
contrast
comes in
and
3),
4).
The
18
inches.
at
distances
mm
and
production
The
the
f/2
coated
general
with
color
of
light
and
its
lens
and
two
more
non-col-
(See
less
IENS
standard
for
photofloods
pictures indoors
most
general
outdoor
six-element
or flash-
pur-
pictures,
or
NfKKOR
The
new
NIKKOR f f t.4
Iens
added
has
all the
addition,
or
shutter
theater
aperture is
when
it is faster
professional
speed in
or any
photographing
5O
mm
t/1.4
to
ihe line.
qualities
photographers who
shot
equipped
It will also focus
of the
and has
artificial
where lighting
with
under adverse
ture the lens
the
sharpness and
stopped
a
speed and as fine
now
excellent
PurPoses.
HlcH
coated
NIKKOR
7 elements. It fills
light,
click
down.
offered
mm
50
want speed.
such as night
conditions are not
stops that may
lighting
is
extremely accurate
depth
$7e believe
to the
for
general, all-around
SPEED
lens (Illust.
down
f/z
resolving
photographer.
LENS
to 18 inches.
described
the needs
It
can be used
club
be set
condition.
focus
of
this lens
power as
is
5)
the latest
This
above
and,
of amateur
for fast
pictures,
favorable.
through
and,
increase
The
feeling
At
full
of course,
as
has
as great
any lens
lens is
photographic
lens
in
press,
Its
aper-
it is
also
-b
J
,F
J1
F
(J
li
u)
e
F
F
ts
c)
NIKKOR
WIDE
ANGTE
35
mm
LENS
i/3.5
lens is a
This
much shorter
a
with
standard 50
field
wider
The angle
21 .)
Photographers
between
tire
tall buildings
the depth
apertures.
sharp
This
shooting
setting
and
to use
subject
desired
focus may
is a universal setting
is used
resetting of
the universal
NIKKOR
all-purpose,
This
in a theater.
taking
a subject
It produces
of
speed
where the use
and
portrait
softness.
bution
the entire
and
make this lens orrtstanding.
versal viewfinder
should be used witir
this lens.
lens;
of light
fine definition
highly precision-ground
mm lens.
(as indicated
of
use this
and catnera
subject
or large grouPs.
field covers
of
For example,
be
subjects
would
ff2
Even distri-
where
for any
the aperture before
mm
85
long
be
faiily large
a
permits
when opened
over
negative,
The uni-
focal
takes
It
in lllust.
field is
where the distance
lens
is limited
on the
viewfinder
negative.
a con-rparatively
with
obtained
and
stopping
scene
t/2
focal length
Its longer
very small
image
exposures
short
flash
of
bulbs
to
lens
the
length
on objects
than
in a much
on page
greater.
3oo/o
insufficient
and
It is excellent
a short
such
\7ith
wide
f
an opening
quick
to focus
where time
with this
of
/6.3
from about
can be
shots
would be inconvenient.
does not
each shot.
It is especially
(illust.
lens
TELEPHOTO
is
lens
especially
focal tength permits
if taken
its full aperture it
v'ith the standard
at a considerable distance. Its high
poor
under
is
taboo.
This lens is excellent as a
to shcw
for
photographing
focal
field at
focused at
10 feet to
taken easily
permit
9).
IENS
suited
distance shots
lighting
prcduces a
length lens
fairly
)0
the en-
wide
23 feet,
infinity.
when
This
relfocusing
important
for
picture
where
mnl lens.
conditions
pleasing
NfKKOR 135
mm
i/3.5
TETEPHOTO
IENS
Because
especially
standard
angle view
sport
for
lens is
portrait
The lens has
shots
set at full
focal
of its
useful
)0
of about
scenes,
mountain
especially
heads. Its
in
color.
aperture. The f
length lens.
special
to the more
mm
lens, its
19
boat races,
or animal
suited to
definition
high
color correction
The earlier
optical
degrees
etc. taken
photography and nature
qualifications, this
serious
magnification
detailed architectural
is especially
NIKI(OR lenses
/3.>
photographer.
is
2.7 tirnes
and can
at great
is a
be most
distances.
good when
and is recommended
had a
great improvement
Here ogoin, in
occurole froming, it is
porlont
Viewfinder
brought inlo
telephoto
Compared
larger.
profitably
It is also
shots in general.
subjects
stopped
speed
order
lo use the Universol
when
operolion.
lens
It
has an
used for
excellent
and very
for
distance
of f
/4
for
this
to
this
lens is
to
This
large
down.
when
long
insure
is
the
im-
A tripod
whenever
lens.
be
I
ond,
ploced
comero ottoched
30
must olwoys be
you
use lhe 135 mm
This lens
supporied by the
iherefore,
on
too
is
lens must be
the
tripod ond
to the lens.
used
heovy to
comero
the
UNIVER,SAT
VIEWFINDER_WHEN
TO UsE
the TOWER
using
When
any lenses
camera
the standard 50
covered
case
smalier
or
determine
for those
lenses,
employed.
er
with
focal
lenses produced
length
focal
all
may also
lowing
Universal
mm lenses,
Viewfinder
this
flashgun,
camera
tom of
g
:
era
comes
be used
NIKKOR
mm wide
35
50 mm
f/I.4 lenses
Viewfinder
on top of
shoe
the
means of a clip
by
carnera.
department.)
in a
on the
lenses:
ongle lens
stondqrd
as well as
attaches
viewfinder
(Get this clip
The Universal
leather case
brown
or
l/2
is
calibrated
the above
to the top of
camera
for the TO\7ER
vrith
Leica
listed NIKKOR
is used
may be
fastens
which
any
at
(Illust.
to
with
is either
of the
(as in the case
I31 mm
the corect
wide angle or
a special viewfinder
The Universal
is especially
from
lenses
length.
any ienses
f,/2
mm
85
f/3.5
mm
I35
with
used
be
to
accessory shoe.
to
bot-
cam-
the cameta
for another
attached
Sears
Viewfinder
10).
mm lens,
greater
wide angle lens)
of the
telephoto lens).
field of view
designed
mm
35
It can be
mm camera,
35
equivalent
telephoto lens
telepholo
mm
the
90
lenses. The Universal
accessory, such
mm
3)
than
other
field
the
the
(as in
or
85 mm
To
telephoto
must
be
Viewfind-
for use
to 135 mm
with
used
and
fol-
to the
lens
1oi
and
\7hen
as the
3l
I
lNDEX
long
used for
6 and
lines
The
a knurled
is
calibrated
also has
brated ring.
shculd
employment
justment
through
center
photographed in the
This
pertinent
little
tance from
compensation is
closer than 12
bottom
tINE
line is
used
close-up
feet,
30
at the
Universal
be set
the
of the desired
accessory
chance of
of camera.
the
desired
Viewfinder
adjusting
lrcm
an index
The
oppcsite
of this
insures
viewfinder
prevents the
parts of a
cropping
the
object to
necessary
feet.
for
pictures from
3.i
line
distance
that
TENGTH
By
turning
rectangular
reduced
with
ment
mark,
must
for lens
main
distances
knurled
focal
lever (Iliust.
feet
the index
so-called
and
picture wiil
center
picture. It
The
30
adjustment
length
is
equipped with
to infinity.
just
above
from
an
object
appearing
of the
cutting
off
portions of
camera is
to avoid
viewfinder
HOW TO
the knurled
aperture
in
size to show
any
of the above
ring
(Illust.
commonly
be set opposite the
in
use. Adjacent
index
line is
feet
to infinity.
to 6 feet.
3i
of the lens
12) which
This
the cali-
the
subject
line.
parallax ad-
sighted
in
actually
picture.
off
should
over 12 feet.
sqph cropping
works
or field
11)
called index
a shorter
For
ring is
being
The
the
be
/
PARAttAX
ADJ.
heads,
of
be
pointed out
desired images
when
the same
USE
adjustment
the image
lenses.
bears an indicator
proper focal length
to the
The
distances
set between
employed.
Wttqt
1EVER
or leaving
However,
either
ring,
is enlarged
covered
The adjust-
line, which
longer
index line.
shorter line
betneen
the two
out
that there is
when
the
the above
taking
pictures
on toD
the
or
or
The
is
of
dis-
or
32
FEATURE OF VIEWFINDER
new
The
scope.
eyepiece
viewfinders,
exactly
miniature.
advantage especially
Tlre Universal
lenses other than
Universal
The vision
is located
as
you
Viewing the
Viewfinder
does not go
beneath
the new viewfinder
would
Viewfinder
the
PARATTAX
The lerm
belween
lhol seen in
be
must be mode
of l2
lo
will
porollox
lhe
the
higher
or
feet
or less,
correlqte with
not be
chopped
is
built
directly
the
direct
shows
it with the
see
image exactly
following
when
is a must
lens,
off oi
mm f
to the
to;r or
standard 50
refers
scene viewed
comero
lower thon fhe ccmero
for this difference.
the viewfinder
the comero
the principle
on
through the
of vision.
line
the
naked eye,
as it
moving objects.
when using
or
/z
odiustment
through the viewfinder
Becouse
In focusing
con be
lens, so
boilom.
of a small
viewfinder,
Unlike
image rightside
the
excePt
is,
obviously
any of the NIKKOR
f/t.'1 lenses.
thol
the
viewfinder
lens, compensotion
ol o distqnce
tipped up or down
the octuol
but
the
up and
image is in
is a great
mode
is
ond
moy
picfure
peri-
the
earlier
33
COMPARATIVE
FIETD COVERED
BY
VARIOUS
As Seen
FOCAL
Throvgh
LENGTH
Universol
The
tENSES
Yiewfinder
CAMERA CARR.YING
CASE
Although
TO\7ER
the
actually an
camera, it is considered an accessory.
ready type-that is, the
can
be
made, without removing
ftom
A snap button on the
The camera is held in the carrying case by
strap can be adjusted to any desired
around
strap
camefa.
The
case is
brown cowhide, lined at top
bottom
with
your
made
piush
front
permits
neck to eliminate
fine russet-
of
and
velvet.
or
frontal
the
length.
the
possibility
the
carrying case
mm
35
integral
This
used, and all adjustments
(Illust. 13).
case
piece to drop down.
a tripod screw. The neck
AL\7AYS keep
part of the
case is the ever-
of dropping
for
Camera
camera
camera
the neck
your
is
ctosED
OPEN
TOWER
IENS
SHADE
AND FITTER
HOLDER
TO\/ER
Iens
filters
filter
adapter
Your
be used
toke
or
visit
occessories
has
shade.
(TOWER,
alone,
ring.
fine new
with q wide
ony type
the
produced a new
This
filter holder
EASTMAN,
andf
or with
(See
Illust.
TOWER
voriety
piciure
of
comero
nol
deportment
menlioned
adapter
will
accommodate
etc.).
the lens
shade,
below).
35 mm
Cqmero
of speciol occessories
you
desire.
o{ ony lorge
in this
€onsult
booklei.
ring with retaining
any regular
This
unit
permits use
which
screws
extremely
is
Seors
Seors store for additionol
easily onto
versotile.
to enoble you
generol
ring
and
Series
of the
the
lt moy
cotoiogs
VI
ro
Eoch port
precision.
working
service
of your
Speciol
ports
of the
with
odequofe ports
comero. lf your
you purchosed
which
tee,
return
certificote
free
of
chorge.
TOWER
inslruments
Comero
comero.
hove
Seors
ond
cqmerc needs
it.
lf this repoir
fully filled
hos been
mcde
been
hos
estoblished
"know-how"
repoir, return
is
out
with ccmero, ond
within
the terms
36
mode wifh microscopic
to
check ond repoir
o
speciol repoir
for the
TOWER
it to ihe
of the
repoir
35 mm
store
guoron-
will be
'from
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