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User Guide
Seagate® X8 Accelerator for Windows
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ST2200FS0000
ST1100FS0000
ST1100FR0000
ST550FR0000
100728273
Rev. A
June 2013
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Document Revision History
Revision Date Description of changes
Rev. A 06/18/2013 Initial release.
© 2013 Seagate Technology LLC. All rights reserved.
Publication number: 100728273, Rev. A June 2013
Seagate, Seagate Technology and the Wave logo are registered trademarks of Seagate Technology LLC in the United States and/or
other countries. Seagate X8 Accelerator and SeaTools are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Seagate Technology LLC or
one of its affiliated companies in the United States and/or other countries. The FIPS logo is a certification mark of NIST, which does
not imply product endorsement by NIST, the U.S., or Canadian governments.All other trademarks or registered trademarks are the
property of their respective owners.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission of Seagate Technology LLC.
Call 877-PUB-TEK1 (877-782-8351) to request permission.
When referring to drive capacity, one gigabyte, or GB, equals one billion bytes and one terabyte, or TB, equals one trillion bytes. Your
computer’s operating system may use a different standard of measurement and report a lower capacity. In addition, some of the listed
capacity is used for formatting and other functions, and thus will not be available for data storage. Actual quantities will vary based on
various factors, including file size, file format, features and application software. Actual data rates may vary depending on operating
environment and other factors. The export or re-export of hardware or software containing encryption may be regulated by the U.S.
Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security (for more information, visit www.bis.doc.gov), and controlled for import
and use outside of the U.S. Seagate reserves the right to change, without notice, product offerings or specifications.
Page 3
Contents
End User License Agreement for Seagate® Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.0 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.0 System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.0 Hardware Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1 Bracket Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2 PCI Slot Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.0 System BIOS Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1 Fan Speed Settings in BIOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.2 Processor Settings in BIOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5.0 Installing X8 Accelerator Driver and Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.1 Installing the Device Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.2 Windows Power Modes for Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.3 Verify the Device Driver is Loaded and Functioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.0 Configuration and Management of the X8 Accelerator Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.1 Seagate X8 Accelerator Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.1.1 Details Displayed: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.2 X8 Accelerator Device Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6.3 Device Mappings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6.3.1 Creating a Logical Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6.4 Device Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.4.1 Reset (to factory defaults) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.4.2 Creating a New Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6.4.3 Modify Existing Partition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
7.0 Verifying Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8.0 Command Line Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8.1 Partitioning and Configuring with vgc-config . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8.2 vgc-config Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8.2.1 vgc-config Drive Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8.2.2 vgc-config Partition Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8.3 Usable Space vs. Write Performance Trade-offs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
8.4 Configuring Multiple Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
8.5 vgc-monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8.6 vgc-secure-erase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
9.0 Dynamic Throttling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
9.1 Thermal Throttling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
9.2 Power Throttling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
10.0 Application Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
10.1 Data Block Sizes and Alignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
10.2 IOMeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
iii Seagate X8 Accelerator for Windows User Guide, Rev. A
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Contents
11.0 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
11.1 Cannot Find Block Device /dev/vgca0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
11.2 Performance is Lower than Expected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
11.3 Driver Crash on System Boot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
11.4 IOs are not Being Processed because the Driver is Hung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
12.0 Onboard Diagnostic LEDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
13.0 Contacting Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
iv Seagate X8 Accelerator for Windows User Guide, Rev. A
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End User License Agreement for Seagate® Software
PLEASE READ THIS END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT (“EULA”) CAREFULLY. BY CLICKING “I AGREE” OR TAKING ANY
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Seagate X8 Accelerator for Windows User Guide, Rev. A 1
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4. Updates
If you receive an update or an upgrade to, or a new version of, any Software (“Update”) you must possess a valid license to the
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Seagate X8 Accelerator for Windows User Guide, Rev. A 2
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Seagate X8 Accelerator for Windows User Guide, Rev. A 3
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1.0 Introduction
The Seagate® X8 Accelerator line of solid state storage devices is a revolutionary product family that utilizes the industry
standard PCIe bus interface, along with an innovative hardware and software architecture to deliver highest sustained
application performance over its life time and enterprise-class reliability. Seagate X8 Accelerator enables enterprises to
tackle performance-intensive applications such as databases, business analytics, virtualization and high-performance
computing applications. This document explains how to install, configure, and manage Seagate X8 Accelerator devices with
software version 3.2 on Windows based systems.
2.0 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
To achieve full performance the X8 Accelerator requires a multicore processor system with an 8 lane Gen2 PCIe slot and
good air movement. The table below shows host memory the X8 Accelerator will use based on capacity.
The DRAM requirements mentioned above are only meant for each X8 Accelerator device. OS and other applications will
need additional DRAM.
SEAGATE X8 ACCELERATOR FOR WINDOWS USER GUIDE, REV. A 4
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3.0 HARDWARE INSTALLATION
NOTE
NOTE
Please observe Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) precautions while installing or handling
an X8 Accelerator device. ESD can damage server and/or device components.
Make sure to power down the system before installing an X8 Accelerator device.
Disconnect the server from the AC power to ensure no dangerous voltages are present.
3.1 BRACKET INSTALLATION
If necessary, install the appropriate bracket on the Seagate X8 Accelerator device.
Please use only brackets supplied with the device. Also, do not remove the heat sinks
NOTE
Single Board: If your single board device has nuts like the one in the picture below then, follow the single board instructions.
If your single board device does not have any nuts, please follow the double board instructions.
To replace brackets for a single board device, please remove only the two screws closest to the bracket (see picture below).
Please slide the bracket in horizontally to line up with the screw holes. You will need an 'm 2.5' screw driver and an 'm 2.5'
nut driver. The screws need to be tightened to 4lb-in (0.45Nm).
during the bracket replacement process as doing so could incur damage to the device
and void the warranty.
Double Board: To replace brackets for a double board device, or a single board device without retaining nuts, please remove
only the two screws nearest the bracket (see picture below). Please slide the bracket in horizontally to line up with the screw
holes. You will need an 'm 2.5' screw driver. The screws need to be tightened to 4lb-in (0.45Nm).
3.2 PCI SLOT SELECTION
Seagate X8 Accelerator devices need to be installed in x8 or x16 PCIe Gen 2 slots. If no PCIe x8/x16 slots are available, x4
slots can be used. However, using an x4 slot may result in up to 50% reduction in performance.
Some systems have PCIe slots with x8 physical connectors but only provide x4
NOTE
electrical connectivity. From a performance point of view these slots behave like an x4
slot. Check your system documentation for PCIe slot specifications.
SEAGATE X8 ACCELERATOR FOR WINDOWS USER GUIDE, REV. A 5
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4.0 SYSTEM BIOS SETTINGS
After a system restart, prior to booting the operating system, enter the system BIOS setup to verify several important
settings. Note that each BIOS often has its own nomenclature for these settings, so the exact wording of the configuration
parameters may not match the examples. Not all BIOS’s will have all of these options.
4.1 FAN SPEED SETTINGS IN BIOS
If your system has BIOS settings for configuring system fan speeds, select options that maximize the airflow.
On HP systems: BIOS -> Advanced Options -> Thermal Configuration -> Increased/Maximum Cooling
On Dell systems: System Settings -> iDRAC Settings -> Thermal
• Maximum Performance
• Fan Speed Offset
• High Fan Speed Offset
4.2 PROCESSOR SETTINGS IN BIOS
The following settings are often found under the "Advanced: Processor/Chipset Control" BIOS menus.
Disable the following optional settings:
• Processor Performance States / C States / C-State Tech / EIST
• C1E States / C1 Enhanced States
• (Link) Active State Power Management
Enable the following on Intel™ based systems:
• Hyperthreading / Logical Processors
• Turbo Mode
Finally, if there are performance profiles (System Power Modes) available, set them to "Maximum Performance."
Intel has identified an issue in Xeon E5-2600 series processors that may result
NOTE
in severe drops of PCIe and X8 Accelerator bandwidth when running workloads
that have low CPU consumption. To avoid this issue, C2 and C1E processor
power states must be disabled.
For details, please see Erratum BT160 in the document at the URL below:
http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/specification-updates/xeon-e5-family-spec-update.pdf
SEAGATE X8 ACCELERATOR FOR WINDOWS USER GUIDE, REV. A 6
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5.0 Installing X8 Accelerator Driver and Utilities
Installation driver is found on the USB drive shipped with the X8 Accelerator or at http://www.seagate.com/support/
downloads/ for the supported Operating Systems versions
All of the following installation instructions need to be executed as an Administrator. A reboot of the system is required to
enable certain boot parameter changes therefore an appropriate amount of scheduled downtime will be required for these
operations.
5.1 Installing the Device Driver
For Win 7 with SP1, please Right click on the command prompt, “Run as
NOTE
Seagate X8 Accelerator drivers for Windows are provided as a standard “MSI” installation package.
Double-click on the file to begin, and follow the prompts.
Administrator” and for Windows Hyper-V 2008 R2 SP1 run the command
msiexec /i “Path to X8 Accelerator.msi” to launch the installer.
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5.2 Windows Power Modes for Performance
To achieve the highest possible performance from the Seagate X8 Accelerator Drive, the Windows power saving mode
should be set to “High Performance”. In Windows 2008 R2 this can be turned on at Control Panel ->Hardware ->Power
Options panel and select the scheme as shown below:
5.3 Verify the Device Driver is Loaded and Functioning
After the system has rebooted, the Seagate X8 Accelerator Drive should be visible in the device manager in the following
sections: Also, please use the X8 Accelerator Manager to configure and manage the device (Section 5.0).
To verify if device is loaded check:
Under System Devices as “Seagate X8 Accelerator X8 Accelerator Controller”
Under Storage Controllers as “Seagate X8 Accelerator card”
And, when the drive is brought online (covered in the following section), under Disk Drives as “Seagate X8 Accelerator SCSI
Disk Device”.
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6.0 Configuration and Management of the X8 Accelerator Device
Seagate X8 Accelerator Manager is the Seagate Management GUI to configure and monitor Seagate X8 Accelerator
devices in the system. Seagate X8 Accelerator Manager is a combination of other CLI utilities such as vgc-beacon, vgcconfig, and vgc-monitor. All the information and details of the devices can be accessed via the Seagate X8 Accelerator
Manager. Seagate X8 Accelerator Manager is a part of the installation package.
To launch the X8 Accelerator Manager, go to Start -> X8 Accelerator Manager.
6.1 Seagate X8 Accelerator Manager
The landing panel of the Seagate X8 Accelerator Manager is shown below. This panel displays the top level information
about all Seagate devices present in the system.
In the above example, the Seagate X8 Accelerator device in the system is vgca. The device name always starts with ‘vgc’.
The top half of this panel displays the Health information, Version information, Serial and Model numbers, and Location and
Beacon information.
The latter half of the panel displays the Device Name, Status, Temperature, Remaining Life, Serial Number, Model and
Usable Capacity of the X8 Accelerator device.
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6.1.1 Details Displayed:
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6.2 X8 Accelerator Device Details
To check the details of any specific X8 Accelerator device, click on the device name listed on the left panel of the snapin. In
the following example, the details of the device vgca are displayed.
Beacon can be switched on or off as shown above. Beacon can be used to identify a particular device in a system with
multiple devices.
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6.3 Device Mappings
Each Partition on the X8 Accelerator device is mapped to a Windows Disk as shown below. The following example has two
partitions mapped to two Windows disks; disk4 and disk5. To use the X8 Accelerator device, create a Logical Drive. Eg, E:
and H: etc.
6.3.1 Creating a Logical Drive
Use the Disk Management interface to bring the device online for use by windows.
This is a mandatory step to ensure device mapping.
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Right Click on the Offline Disk and Choose “Online”.
To initialize the disks, Right Click and Select “initialize Disk”.
NOTE
When prompted, please select "GPT."
If you select "MBR" the maximum size will only be 2 TB.
GPT is recommended for 2.2TB devices if the max capacity of the device needs to be utilized.
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Once the device is online and initialized, you may create partitions and assign drive letters or mount points as you would with
any other volume.
6.4 Device Configuration
This section will show you how to ‘Reset’ your device to factory defaults, Create a new partition, Modify the
existing partition.
6.4.1 Reset (to factory defaults)
Factory default will return the device to “Max Capacity” mode and revert to single partition, wiping all existing
partitions.
NOTE
Before changing any settings please back up your data since changing settings
will lead to data loss.
The following example walks you through a reset.
To Reset the X8 Accelerator device, click the reset button vgc[a, b, c, ---].
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Click OK to confirm.
Choose Yes to confirm.
Reset commences.
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Confirmation of completion of the reset.
6.4.2 Creating a New Partition
To create a new partition on Seagate X8 Accelerator device, click on Split vgc[a, b, c, ---] at the bottom of the device page.
This will create a new partition on device vgc[a, b, c, ---]. Split Partition allows you to change mode.
NOTE
500GB and 1100GB devices do not support split partition.
The following example shows how to create a new partition on the device vgca0.
Choose either Maximum Capacity or Maximum Performance mode.
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Choose either Maximum Capacity or Maximum Performance
Choose Yes to proceed.
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Confirmation of configuration complete
Once new partition is created, user can check the new partition in Physical Partitions tab. The following example below
shows new partition vgca1.
6.4.3 Modify Existing Partition
To modify existing partition on Seagate X8 Accelerator device, click on Modify vgc[a, b, c, ---][0-1] Physical Partition layout.
The only setting that can be modified on the partition is Mode. Mode can be changed to either Max Performance or Max
Capacity.
The following example shows modifying partition vgca0:
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Choose the mode using the radio button.
Confirm by selecting Yes.
Modify configuration complete in progress.
Modify configuration is complete
Once the partition is modified, user can check the new settings of partition under Physical Partition tab.
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7.0 Verifying Performance
Before beginning application deployment on the Seagate X8 Accelerator drive, it is useful to benchmark the raw
performance of the entire system to ensure proper setup.
X8 Accelerator has been designed from ground-up to deliver highest enterprise
NOTE
Download a sample test utility called TEST.EXE from the driver download section of Support Site. This application verifies
the driver installation, system configuration, and maximum read and write performance with a simple command line option.
NOTE
To run, open a command window (as a Local Administrator) and change to the directory containing the TEST.EXE file.
Execute “test X”, where X is replaced with the drive letter assigned to the Seagate X8 Accelerator drive. The test will create
a 4GB test file and exercise reads and writes to that file.
Should any performance or configuration problems be noted, please check the Troubleshooting and Performance
Optimization sections of this guide or contact Seagate Support.
class reliability with built-in RAID and end to end data protection. However,
when used in DAS use case, Seagate recommends the use of application level
replication or backup strategies to ensure high data availability.
Please be sure to install the driver, create a file system, and assign a drive letter
to the device before running.
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8.0 Command Line Utilities
8.1 Partitioning and Configuring with vgc-config
Most Administrative tasks for the Seagate X8 Accelerator devices are handled by the “vgc-config” utility. This
utility can be used to show the current partitioning and write acceleration modes on an existing drive.
NOTE
Once configuration changes have been made with vgc-config, the configuration
needs to be committed to the device.
8.2 vgc-config Options
The usage information for vgc-config is listed below. While additional options are available within the utility, most
users will only need to select a number of partitions (“-n XX”) and a write performance profile (“-m YYY”) to set up
the Seagate X8 Accelerator devices for use.
NOTE
IMPORTANT: Changing the partitioning of the X8 Accelerator drive will erase
existing data.
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8.2.1 vgc-config Drive Settings
NOTE
The entire drive is modified when "-d vgca" is specified, and the following
options may be used.
For more discussion and examples using the following options see the subsequent sections in this document.
Following example shows “Creating Partitions”.
8.2.2 vgc-config Partition Settings
Individual partitions may be customized using “-p vgca[0|1]” to change write acceleration mode. Only the following options
may be specified in this mode:
Following example shows “Modifying Partition” info for Partition vgcb1
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.
8.3 USABLE SPACE VS. WRITE PERFORMANCE TRADE-OFFS
To refine application performance, Seagate allows customizing the ratio of usable data to write acceleration area. By
increasing the amount set aside for writes in “maxperformance” mode, the Seagate X8 Accelerator drive is able to sustain an
even higher write workload at the cost of reduced usable capacity. Conversely, by decreasing the amount set aside for write
acceleration in “maxcapacity” mode it is possible to allow more user data to be stored on the device but with lower sustained
write performance..
NOTE
X8 Accelerator partitioning reduces the attainable performance for each
individual partition to one-half of the maximum drive performance.
8.4 CONFIGURING MULTIPLE PARTITIONS
The example below shows how you would use the vgc-config.exe utility to create partitions.
Once you create the partitions the Device Manager will automatically refresh itself to display the new partition information as
follows:
Note that once you create the partitions they are in the ‘Offline’ state, as depicted in the Disk Manager display above. You
can then use the Disk Manager to bring the disk online and to initialize it. Also, 500GB and 1100GB devices do not support
split partition. To set SAN policy you could use “SAN command in disk part”. If SAN policy of system set as “OnlineAll”, it will
automatically bring the volumes online. See the following screen shots for an example.
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Right-Click and select ‘Online’:
After bringing disk Online, right-click and select ‘Initialize’:
Once you have executed these steps, the disk will be ready to use by any application.
8.5 VGC-MONITOR
The Seagate X8 Accelerator device driver records both performance data and device state. To access this information, use
the vgc-monitor utility.
To display more detailed information about a specific device, specify the device using the ‘-d’ parameter as follows:
The first section of the monitor output shows physical characteristics of the Seagate X8 Accelerator drive such as raw device
size, serial numbers, and overall device health.
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Following this is per-partition information. Each partition has its own raw and usable capacity, operations count, garbage
collection impact, and expected lifetime prediction. As the state of the device changes, status is updated from “GOOD” to
“Action required”. This error code can be used by Seagate support to identify the issue and administer corrective actions
(such as replacement or reformatting).
8.6 vgc-secure-erase
The ‘secure erase’ feature ensures all user data is removed from flash media. The usage model is that if a device needs to
be returned to the factory for repair/replacement, or is being leveraged for a new project by the customer, all potentially
sensitive data needs to be securely removed prior to leaving the facility or redeployment for another project.
The standards call this process ‘sanitization’. The sanitization standards are different depending upon what type of media is
being used. For example, the standards for magnetic disk media are different than what is required for flash memory.
Seagate has a Secure Erase Utility that will perform this function for customers who need to securely erase data from a
device.
Data Sanitization Standards
There are different levels of Sanitization specified in the standards: Clear and Purge. In most cases, the Clear level of
Sanitization will suffice for most use cases, but in some cases Purge will be required. Both types of sanitization are
supported by the Seagate Secure Erase Utility.
The Seagate Secure Erase Utility complies with the Clear and Purge levels of Sanitization in accordance with the following
Government standards:
• DOD 5220.22-M – Complies with sanitization requirements for Flash EPROM
(http://www.dss.mil/documents/pressroom/isl_2007_01_oct_11_2007_final_agreement.pdf)
• NIST SP800-88 – Complies with instructions for Flash EPROM
(http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts/800-88-rev1/sp800_88_r1_draft.pdf)
The specifications state the following requirements for the two levels of Sanitization:
• Clear (directly quoting from NIST and DOD publication): Perform a full chip purge as per manufacturer’s data sheets
• Purge (directly quoting from NIST and DOD publication): Overwrite all addressable locations with a single character,
followed by performing a full chip erase as per manufacturer’s data sheets.
Operation
The device needs to be in a minimally operative state in order to use the Secure Erase Utility. The Secure Erase Utility will
attempt to erase all user data from the device according to which ever method is chosen by the user (Clear or Purge). If it is
not successful due to the fact that some blocks that contain user data are no longer accessible due to media failure, error
messages will be produced. There are some cases where a block is not usable from the start and is marked bad when the
device is shipped from the factory, and therefore never receives any user data. These blocks cannot be ‘sanitized’ either, but
since they are guaranteed never to receive user data the tool can successfully sanitize a device when these blocks are
present.
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Command syntax:
Example:
9.0 DYNAMIC THROTTLING
Dynamic throttling prevents unplanned or abrupt device shutdowns by lowering the IO performance of devices if power
consumption and/ or temperature of increases. Dynamic throttling is split into parts: thermal and power throttling.
9.1 THERMAL THROTTLING
Thermal throttling reduces IO performance of X8 Accelerator devices if temperature goes above the default threshold
(T[throttle], default: 78°C). If temperature continues to increase and reaches 83°C the device is brought down to the lowest
IO performance. If temperature reaches 85°C (T[offline]), the device completely shuts down. However, if device cools down
and stays below T[throttle], the IO performance increases and brought back to maximum level.
9.2 POWER THROTTLING
Power throttling reduces IO performance of X8 Accelerator devices if power consumption goes above the default threshold
of 24W. It comes in 2 modes: turbo and compliant mode. In turbo mode throttling is disabled while in compliant mode the
device is brought down to lower IO if power consumption exceeds threshold of 24W and stays above the threshold. When
power consumption stays below the threshold value, IO performance increases and brought back – if possible, up to the
maximum level.
NOTE
The throttling default settings: T[throttle], T[warning], T[offline], Turbo/
Compliant, Power Threshold, and IO Performance levels are done at factory.
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vgc-monitor.exe -d vgca
You can also refer to X8 Accelerator Manager to verify the status of Temperature Throttling.
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10.0 APPLICATION NOTES
10.1 DATA BLOCK SIZES AND ALIGNMENTS
The Seagate X8 Accelerator drive exposes 512 byte sectors, but is internally organized in 4K byte sectors (similar to the new
Advanced Format hard drives). This means data writes of blocks smaller than 4096 will involve read-modify-write cycles on
the flash and be correspondingly slower than access of native-block size and above. Reads will be impacted, but at a much
smaller performance penalty.
In addition to using data sizes of 4K bytes or larger, the data blocks themselves should be aligned at 4K boundaries for best
performance.
For most applications which use the NTFS file system, both of these prior
NOTE
10.2 IOMETER
Seagate recommends using the 2010 version of IOMeter. It is available from the standard IOMeter repository at
Sourceforge.net:
constraints are automatically met by the file system itself. By default Windows
2008 R2 generates partitions which are properly aligned i.e. on 4KB boundaries,
and NTFS uses 4K allocation units.
http://sourceforge.net/projects/iometer/files/iometer-devel/1.1.0-rc1/
Other versions of Iometer have limitations which don’t affect hard drive testing but do have a negative impact on the much
higher performing Seagate X8 Accelerator Drive.
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Ensure the test data alignment is set to 4K bytes for tested Access Specifications. By default, accesses are sector (512b)
aligned and, as discussed previously, this can result in lower than expected performance. The required option is highlighted
below:
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11.0 TROUBLESHOOTING
11.1 CANNOT FIND BLOCK DEVICE /dev/vgca0
Step 1. Ensure the device is detected on the PCIe bus.
# lspci -d 1a78:
82:00.0 FLASH memory: Virident Systems Inc. Virident FlashMAX Drive V2 (rev 01)
If the device is not listed, please power down the system and check whether the device is seated correctly in the PCIe slot. If
the device is seated correctly, but is still undetected by lspci, please try a different slot. If the device is still not detected after
changing the PCIe slot, please contact support.
Step 2. If the device is detected by lspci, check that correct driver and utils RPMs are installed.
# rpm -aq | grep vgc
vgc-utils-3.2-54323.C7.x86_64
kmod-vgc-redhat6.1+-3.2-54323.C7.x86_64
If the running kernel version is not compatible with X8 Accelerator driver that is installed, then the device driver will not load.
Step 3. Ensure the vgcd service is started.
# service vgcd status
INFO: kernel modules are loaded
If the kernel modules are not loaded, then manually start the service with "service vgcd start".
# service vgcd start
Loading kernel modules... [ OK ]
Rescanning SW RAID volumes... [ OK ]
Rescanning LVM volumes... [ OK ]
Enabling swap devices... [ OK ]
Rescanning mount points... [ OK ]
Step 4. If manually starting the service with "service vgcd start" fails, then please check syslog for "VGC" error messages.
# cat /var/log/messages | grep -i vgc
If you see one of these messages, please follow the solution listed below.
1) “Firmware Version Mismatch Found (GRTL) 45801 Expected 52879. The firmware for drive 'a',PCIe 0000:82:00.0 does
not match the installed driver. Please install vgc-firmware bundle from support site to upgrade the firmware.”
Solution: Update the firmware using instructions in Section 6 “Updating Controller Firmware”.
2) “vgcd: Not loading kernel modules because the previous load was unsuccessful. Check the system logs for details. To
force load, remove /var/lib/vgc/loading.lck”
Solution: Remove the “loading.lck” file and issue a “service vgcd start”. In case you are not sure how lck file is created,
please contact Seagate support.
3) “vgcd: FATAL: Module vgcdrive not found.”
Solution: Uninstall the rpms (driver and utilities) by running “rpm -aq | grep vgc | xargs rpm –ev”. And then re-install the rpms.
Please refer to section 5.2 “Installing drivers and utilities packages”.
Step 5. Check whether the device is healthy by running the following command:
# vgc-monitor -d vgc[a, b, c---]
If device status is "Critical" or "Warning", then check "Action Required" field in the output of vgc-monitor for instructions on
the next steps.
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11.2 PERFORMANCE IS LOWER THAN EXPECTED
If the initial test script reports lower than expected performance, or your own application is seeing lower than expected IO
performance, verify that the device is installed in a PCIe slot which is x8 electrical. Certain motherboards provide x8 slots
which are physically the right size but only connect four PCIe lanes. Also, check BIOS settings to ensure that you have
setting for maximum performance selected. Your motherboard manual or the motherboard itself is the best reference for this.
Often the electrical connections are listed in white lettering next to the slot on motherboards.
Finally, file systems can have a large impact on performance. Review the Section 9, "Creating File Systems", for more
information on the recommended options for XFS and EXT3.
11.3 DRIVER CRASH ON SYSTEM BOOT
If this condition occurs when the driver attempts to load on system boot, run "chkconfig vgcd off" to ensure that the driver
does not load automatically on boot. When the system has been debugged and the issue fixed, to set the device to load
automatically on boot by running "chkconfig vgcd on".
11.4 IOS ARE NOT BEING PROCESSED BECAUSE THE DRIVER IS HUNG
If this condition occurs a message similar to the following will be logged:
kernel: INFO: task vgc_mtwa0:13866 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
If this condition is encountered, run vgc-diags to collect debugging information for Seagate support personnel and then reboot the system.
# vgc-diags
vgc-diags: 3.2.55402.C7
Creating vgc.diags.tar
Collecting diagnostic data...
Send the "vgc.diags.tar" file to Seagate support.
NOTE
For all other errors, please check the output of "vgc-monitor"
and follow the steps listed in "Action Required" to fix the problem.
12.0 ONBOARD DIAGNOSTIC LEDS
There are two onboard LEDS on the Seagate X8 Accelerator device. They are visible through the back bracket and always
indicate the state of the system. The following table explains what each combination of these LEDs indicates:
13.0 CONTACTING SUPPORT
• Email: Support.seagate.com
• Phone: 1-800-SEAGATE (1-800-732-4238)
• Website: http://www.seagate.com/internal-hard-drives/enterprise-hard-drives/ssd/x8-accelerator/
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INDEX
A
Application Notes 30
B
Bracket Installation 5
C
Cannot Find Block Device /dev/vgca0 32
Command Line Utilities 23
Command syntax
28
Configuration and Management of the Device 10
Configuring Multiple Partitions 25
Contacting Support 33
Creating a Logical Drive 13
Creating a New Partition 17
D
Data Block Sizes and Alignments 30
Data Sanitization Standards 27
Details Displayed 11
Device Configuration 15
Double Board 5
Driver Crash on System Boot 33
Dynamic Throttling 28
R
Reset (to factory defaults) 15
S
Seagate X8 Accelerator Manager 10
Single Board 5
Software EULA 1
System BIOS Settings 6
System Requirements 4
T
Thermal Throttling 28
Troubleshooting 32
U
Usable Space vs. Write Performance Trade-offs 25
V
Verify the Device Driver is Loaded and Functioning 9
Verifying Performance 21
vgc-config Drive Settings 24
vgc-config Options 23
vgc-config Partition Settings 24
vgc-monitor 26
vgc-secure-erase 27
F
Fan Speed Settings in BIOS 6
H
Hardware Installation 5
I
Install Device Driver 7
Install Software 7
Introduction 4
IOMeter 30
IOs are not Being Processed because the Driver is Hung 33
M
Modify Existing Partition 19
O
Onboard Diagnostic LEDs 33
Operation 27
P
Partitioning and Configuring with vgc-config 23
PCI Slot Selection 5
Performance is Lower than Expected 33
Power Throttling 28
Processor Settings in BIOS 6
W
Windows Power Modes for Performance 9
X
X8 Accelerator Device Details 12
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Seagate Technology LLC
AMERICAS Seagate Technology LLC 10200 South De Anza Boulevard, Cupertino, California 95014, United States, 408-658-1000
ASIA/PACIFIC Seagate Singapore International Headquarters Pte. Ltd. 7000 Ang Mo Kio Avenue 5, Singapore 569877, 65-6485-3888
EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA Seagate Technology SAS 16-18 rue du Dôme, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France, 33 1-4186 10 00
Publication Number: 100728273, Rev. A
June 2013
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