Publication number: 100628615, Rev. D April 2011
Seagate, Seagate Technology and the Wave logo are registered trademarks of Seagate Technology
LLC in the United States and/or other countries. Constellation ES.2 and SeaTools are either trade
marks or registered trademarks of Seagate Technology LLC or one of its affiliated companies in the
United States and/or other countries. The FIPS logo is a certification mark of NIST, which does not
imply product endorsement by NIST, the U.S., or Canadian governments. All other trademarks or
registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission of Seaga te
Technology LLC. Call 877-PUB-TEK1 (877-782-8351) to request permission.
One gigabyte, or GB, equals one billion bytes and one terabyte, or TB, equals one trillion bytes.
Your computer's operating system may use a different standard of measurement and report a lower
capacity. In addition, some of the listed capacity is used for formatting and other functions, and thus
will not be available for data storage. Seagate reserves the right to change, without notice, product
offerings or specifications.
For information regarding products and services, visit http://www.seagate.com/www/en-us/about/contact_us/
Available services include:
Presales & Technical support
Global Support Services telephone numbers & business hours
Authorized Service Centers
For information regarding Warranty Support, visit
http://www.sea
For information regarding Data Recovery Services, visit http://www.i365.com
For Seagate OEM & Distribution partner portal, visit https://direct.seagate.com/portal/system
For Seagate reseller portal, visit http://spp.seagate.com
This manual describes Seagate Technology® LLC, Constellation® ES.2 SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) disk
drives.
Constellation ES.2 drives support the SAS Protocol specifications to the extent described in this manual. The
SAS Interface Manual (part number 100293071) describes the general SAS characteristics of this and other
Seagate SAS drives. The Self-Encrypt ing Drive Reference Manual, part number 100515636, describes the
interface, general operation, and security features available on Self-Encrypting Drive models.
Note.Previous generations of Seagate Self-Encrypting Drive models were called Full Disk Encryption
(FDE) models before a differentiation between drive-based encryption and other forms of encryp
tion was necessary.
Product data communicated in this manual is specific only to the model numbers listed in this ma nual. The dat a
listed in this manual may not be predictive of future generation specifications or requirements. If you are
designing a system which will use one of the models listed or future generation products and need further
assistance, please contact your Field Applications Engineer (FAE) or our global support services group as
shown in Section 1.0.
Unless otherwise stated, the information in this manual applies to standard and Self-Encrypting Drive models.
Model NumberSelf-Encrypting Drive (SED)FIPS 140-2 Level 2 (Review Pending)
ST33000650SSNoNo
-
ST33000651SSYesNo
ST33000652SSYesYes
For more information on FIPS 140-2 Level 2 certification see Section 8.0 on page 34.
For product certification status visit - http://csrc.nist.gov/
groups/STM/cmvp/documents/140-1/1401vend.htm.
2Constellation ES.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D
3.0Applicable standards and reference documentation
The drives documented in this manual have been developed as system peripherals to the highest standards of
design and construction. The drives depends on host equipment to provide adequate power and environment
for optimum performance and compliance with applicable industry and governmental regulations. Special
attention must be given in the areas of safety, power distribution, shielding, audible noise control, and
temperature regulation. In particular, the drive must be securely mounted to guarantee the specified
performance characteristics. Mounting by bottom holes must meet the requirements of Section 11.3.
3.1Standards
The Constellation ES.2 family complies with Seagate standards as noted in the appropriate sections of this
manual and the Seagate SAS Interface Manual, part number 100293071.
The drives are recognized in accordance with UL 60950-1 as tested by UL, CSA 60950-1 as tested by CSA,
and EN60950-1 as tested by TUV.
The security features of Self-Encrypting Drive models are based on the “TCG Storage Architecture Core
Specification” and the “TCG Storage Workgroup Security Subsystem Class: Enterprise_A” specificatio n with
additional vendor-unique features as noted in this product manual.
3.1.1Electromagnetic compatibility
The drive, as delivered, is designed for system integration and installation into a suitable enclosure prior to
use. The drive is supplied as a subasse mbly and is not s ubject to Subpart B o f Part 15 of the F CC Rules and
Regulations nor the Radio Interference Reg ula tio ns of the Canadian Department of Communications.
The design characteristics of the drive serve to minimize radiation when installed in an enclosure that provides
reasonable shielding. The drive is capable of meeting the Class B limits of the FCC Rules and Regulations of
the Canadian Department of Communications when properly packaged; however, it is the user’s responsibility
to assure that the drive meets the appropriate EMI requirements in their system. Shielded I/O cables may be
required if the enclosure does not provide adequate shielding. If the I/O cables are external to the enclosure,
shielded cables should be used, with the shields grounded to the enclosure and to the host controller.
3.1.1.1Electromagnetic susceptibility
As a component assembly, the drive is not required to meet any susceptibility performance requirements. It is
the responsibility of those integrating the drive within their systems to perform those tests required and design
their system to ensure that equipment operating in the same system as the drive or external to the system
does not adversely affect the performance of the drive. See Table 2, DC power requirements.
Constellation ES.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D3
3.1.2Electromagnetic compliance
Seagate uses an independent laboratory to confirm compliance with the directives/standards for CE Marking
and C-Tick Marking. The drive was tested in a representative system for typical applications. The selected
system represents the most popular characteristics for test platforms. The system configurations include:
• Typical current use microprocessor
• Keyboard
• Monitor/display
• Printer
•Mouse
Although the test system with this Seagate model complies with the directives/standards, we cannot guarantee
that all systems will comply. The computer manufacturer or system integrator shall confirm EMC compliance
and provide the appropriate marking for their product.
Electromagnetic compliance for the European Union
If this model has the CE Marking it complies with the European Union requirements of the Electromagnetic
Compatibility Directive 2004/108/EC as put into place on 20 July 2007.
Australian C-Tick
If this model has the C-Tick Marking it complies with the Australia/New Zealand Standard AS/NZ CISPR22 and
meets the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Framework requirements of Australia’s Spectrum
Management Agency (SMA).
Korean KCC
If these drives have the Korean Communications Commission (KCC) logo, they comply with paragraph 1 of
Article 11 of the Electromagnetic Compatibility control Regulation and meet the Electromagnetic Compatibility
(EMC) Framework requirements of the Radio Research Laboratory (RRL) Communications Commission,
Republic of Korea.
These drives have been tested and comply with the Electromagnetic Interference/Electromagnetic
Susceptibility (EMI/EMS) for Class B products. Drives are tested in a representative, end-user system by a
Korean-recognized lab.
• Family name:Constellation ES SAS
• Certificate number:STX-ST33000650SS
• Manufacturing date: July 2, 2010 (Date of Certification)
• Manufacturer/nationality: USA, Singapore and China
Taiwanese BSMI
If this model has two Chinese words meaning “EMC certification” followed by an eight digit identification
number, as a Marking, it complies with Chinese National Standard (CNS) 13438 and meets the
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Framework requirements of the Taiwanese Bureau of Standards,
Metrology, and Inspection (BSMI).
4Constellation ES.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D
3.1.3European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
中国限制危
险
物品的指令
“O”
RoHS MCV
“X”
RoHS MCV
The European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances
chemical substances, including Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, Hexavalent Chromium, PBB and PBDE, in
electronic products, ef fective July 2006. Th is drive is manufactu red with component s and mater ials that comply
with the RoHS Directive.
A number of parts and materials in Seagat e products are procured from external suppliers. We rely o n the
representations of our suppliers regarding the presence of RoHS sub stances in these parts and materials. Our
supplier contracts require compliance with our ch emical substance restrictions, and our suppliers document
their compliance with our requirements by providing material conten t declarations for all p arts and materials for
the disk drives documented in this publication. Current supplier declarations include disclosure of the inclusion
of any RoHS-regulated substance in such parts or materials.
Seagate also has internal systems in place to ensur e on going compliance with the RoHS Directive and all laws
and regulations which restrict chemical content in electronic products. These systems include standard
operating procedures that ensu re that restricted substances are not utilized in our manufacturing operations,
laboratory analytical validation testing, and an internal auditing process to ensure that all standard operating
procedures are complied with.
3.1.4China Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive
This product has an Environmental Protection Use Period (EPUP) of 20 years. The following
table contains information mandated by China's "Marking Requirements for Control of Pollution
Caused by Electronic Information Products" Standard.
(RoHS) Directive, restricts the presence of
"O" indicates the hazardous and toxic substa nce content of the p art (at the homogenou s material level) is lower
than the threshold defined by the China RoHS MCV Standard.
表示该部件(于同类物品程度上)所含的危险和有毒物质低于中国
"X" indicates the hazardous and toxic substance content of the part (at the homogenous material level) is over
the threshold defined by the China RoHS MCV Standard.
表示该部件(于同类物品程度上)所含的危险和有毒物质超出中国
Constellation ES.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D5
标准所定义的门槛值。
标准所定义的门槛值。
3.2Reference documents
SAS Interface Manual
SCSI Commands Reference Manual
Self-Encrypting Drives Reference Manual
ANSI SAS Documents
ANSI Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) Documents
Trusted Computing Group (TCG) Documents (apply to Self-Encrypting Drive models only)
Specification for Acoustic Test Requirement and Procedures
Seagate part number: 100293071
Seagate part number: 100293068
Seagate part number: 100515636
SFF-83233.5” Drive Form Factor with Serial Connector
SFF-8460HSS Backplane Design Guidelines
SFF-8470Multi Lane Copper Connector
SFF-8482SAS Plug Connector
ANSI INCITS.xxxSerial Attached SCSI (SAS-2) Standard (T10/1562-D)
ISO/IEC 14776-xxx SCSI Architecture Model-3 (SAM-4) Standard (T10/1561-D)
ISO/IEC 14776-xxx SCSI Primary Commands-3 (SPC-4) Standard (T10/1416-D)
ISO/IEC 14776-xxx SCSI Block Commands-2 (SBC-3) Standard (T10/1417-D)
In case of conflict between this document and any referenced document, this document takes precedence.
6Constellation ES.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D
4.0General description
Constellation ES.2 drives provide high performance, high capacity data storage for a variety of systems
including engineering workstations, network servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. The Serial Attached
SCSI interface is designed to meet next-generation computing demands for performance, scalability, flexibility
and high-density storage requirements.
Constellation ES.2 drives are random access storage devices designed to support the Serial Attached SCSI
Protocol as described in the ANSI specifications, this document, and the SAS Interface Manual (part number
100293071) which describes the general interface characteristics of this drive. Constellation ES.2 drives are
classified as intelligent peripherals and provide level 2 conformance (highest level) with the ANSI SCSI-1
standard. The SAS connectors, cables and electrical interface are compatible with Serial ATA (SATA), giving
future users the choice of populating their systems with either SAS or SATA hard disk drives. This allows you to
continue to leverage your existing investment in SCSI while gaining a 6Gb/s serial data transfer rate.
The Self-Encrypting Drive models indicated on the cover of this product manual have provisions for “Security
of Data at Rest” based on the standards defined by the Trusted Computing Group
(see www.trustedcomputinggroup.org).
The head and disk assembly (HDA) is sealed at the factory. Air recirculates within the HDA through a nonreplaceable filter to maintain a contamination-free HDA environment.
Note.Never disassemble the HDA and do not attempt to service items in the sealed enclosure (heads,
media, actuator, etc.) as this requires special facilities. The drive does not contain user-replaceable
parts. Opening the HDA for any reason voids your warranty.
Constellation ES.2 drives use a dedicated load/unload zone at the outermost radius of the media to eliminate
the possibility of destroying or degrading data by landing in the data zone. The heads automatically go to the
ramp load/unload when power is removed from the drive.
An automatic shipping lock prevents potential damage to the heads and discs that results from movement
during shipping and handling. The shipping lock disengages and the head load process begins when power is
applied to the drive.
Constellation ES.2 drives decode track 0 location data from the servo data embedded on each surface to
eliminate mechanical transducer adjustments and related reliability concerns.
The drives also use a high-performance actuator assembly with a low-inertia, balanced, patented, straight arm
design that provides excellent performance with minimal power dissipation.
Note.Seagate recommends validatin g your conf igu r ation with the selected HBA/RAID controller
manufacturer to ensure full 3TB capacity capabilities.
Constellation ES.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D7
4.1Standard features
Constellation ES.2 drives have the following standard features:
• Integrated dual port SAS controller supporting the SCSI protocol
• Support for SAS expanders and fanout adapters
• Firmware downloadable using the SAS interface
• 128 - deep task set (queue)
• Supports up to 32 initiators
• Jumperless configuration.
• User-selectable logical block size (512, 520 or 528 bytes per logical block).
• Industry standard 3.5-inch dimensions
• Programmable logical block reallocation scheme
• Flawed logical block reallocation at format time
• Programmable auto write and read reallocation
• Reallocation of defects on command (Post Format)
• ECC maximum burst correction length of 400 bits
• No preventive maintenance or adjustments required
• Embedded servo design
• Dedicated head load/unload zone
• Self diagnostics performed when power is applied to the drive
• Vertical, horizontal, or top down mounting
• 64 MB data buffer (see Section 5.5).
• Drive Self Test (DST)
• Background Media Scan (BMS)
• Idle Read After Write (IRAW)
•Power Save
Constellation® ES.2 SAS Self-Encrypting Drive models have the following additional features:
• Automatic data encryption/decryption
• Controlled access
• Random number generator
• Drive locking
• 16 independent data bands
• Cryptographic erase of user data for a drive that will be repurposed or scrapped
• Authenticated firmware download
4.2Media description
The media used on the drive has a aluminum substrate coated with a thin film magnetic material, overcoated
with a proprietary protective layer for improved durability and environmental protection.
4.3Performance
• Programmable multi-segmentable cache buffer
• 600MB/s maximum instantaneous data transfers.
• 7200 RPM spindle. Average latency = 4.16ms
• Background processing of queue
• Supports start and stop commands (spindle stops spinning)
• Adaptive seek velocity; improved seek performance
Note.There is no significant performance difference between Self-Encrypting Drive and standard (non-
Self-Encrypting Drive) models.
8Constellation ES.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D
4.4Reliability
• Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) of 0.73%
• Mean time between failures (MTBF ) of 1,20 0 ,0 00 hours
Standard OEM models are formatted to 512 bytes per block. The block size is selectable at format time and
must be a multiple of 4 bytes. Users having the necessary equipment may modify the data block size before
issuing a format command and obtain different formatted capacities than those listed.
To provide a stable target capacity environment and at the same time provide users with flexibility if they
choose, Seagate recommends product planning in one of two modes:
1. Seagate designs specify capacity poin ts at certain blo
products will meet. We recommend customers use this capacity in their project planning, as it ensures a
stable operating point with backward and forward compatibility from generation to generation. The current
guaranteed operating points for this product are:
Capacity (Blocks)
ST33000650SS
ST33000651SS
ST33000652SS
ck sizes that Seagate guarantees current and future
Using the Mode Select command, the drive can change its capacity to something less than maximum. See the
Mode Select (6) parameter list table in the SAS Interface Manual, part number 100293071. A value of zero in
the Number of Blocks field indicates that the drive will not change the capacity it is currently formatted to have.
A number other than zero and less than the maximum number of LBAs in the Number of Blocks field changes
the total drive capacity to the value in the Number of Blocks field. A value greater than the maximum numbe r of
LBAs is rounded down to the maximum capacity.
4.7Factory-installed options
You may order the following items which are incorporated at the manufacturing facility during production or
packaged before shipping. Some of the options available are (not an exhaustive list of possible options):
• Other capacities can be ordered depending on sparing scheme and sector size requested.
• Single-unit shipping pack. The drive is normally shippe
against transit damage. Units shipped individually require additional protection as pro vided by the single unit
shipping pack. Users planning single unit distribution should specify this option.
•The S
afety and Regulatory Agency Specifications, part number 75789512, is usually included with each
standard OEM drive shipped, but extra copies may be ordered.
d in bulk packaging to provide maximum protection
Constellation ES.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D9
5.0Performance characteristics
This section provides detailed information concerning performance-related characteristics and features of
Constellation ES.2 drives.
5.1Internal drive characteristics
ST33000650SS
ST33000651SS
ST33000652SS
Drive capacity3TB (formatted, rounded off value)
Read/write data heads10
Bytes per track1,419,776Bytes (average, rounded off values)
Bytes per surface300,000MB (un
Tracks per surface (total)284,399Tracks (user acc essible)
Tracks per inch270,000TPI (average)
Peak bits per inch1,638,000BPI
Areal density444Gb/in
Internal data rate68.7 - 155MB/s (variable with zone)
disk rotation speed7200rpm
Avg rotational latency4.16ms
5.2Seek performance characteristics
See Section 12.4.1, "SAS physical interface" on page 55 and the SAS Interface Manual (part number
100293071) for additional timing details.
formatted, rounded off value)
2
5.2.1Access time
1
Not including controller overhead2 (ms)
,
Including controller overhead
1, 2
(ms)
ReadWriteReadWrite
43
AverageTypical
Single trackTypical
Full strokeTypical
,
8.39.38.59.5
3,4
0.50.50.70.7
3,4
15.516.215.716.4
1.Execution time measured from receipt of the Command to the Response.
2.Assumes no errors and no sector has been relocated.
3.Typical access times are measured under nominal conditions of temperature, voltage, and horizontal orientation as
measured on a representative sample of drives.
4.Access time = controller overhead + average seek time and applies to all data transfer commands.
Access to data = access time + latency time.
10Constellation ES.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D
5.2.2Format command execution time for 512-byte sectors (minutes)
ST33000650SS
000651SS
ST33
ST33000652SS
Maximum (with verify)
Maximum (without verify)
827
402
Note.There is approximately a 1.5 increase in time to format a SED drive versus a non-SED drive of the same capacity.
5.2.3General performance characteristics
Minimum sector interleave1 to 1
Data buffer to/from disk media (one 512-byte logical block)*113 to 239 MB/s
Sustained transfer rate68.7 to 155 MB/s
SAS Interface maximum instant
Logical block sizes
512 (default), 520 or 528.
Read/write consecutive sectors on a trackYes
Flaw reallocation performance impact (for flaws reallocated at format time using the
are sectors per sparing zone reallocation scheme.)
sp
Average rotational latency4.16ms
aneous transfer rate600MB/s* per port
(dual port = 1200MB/s*)
Negligible
*Assumes no errors and no relocated logical blocks. Rate measured from the start of the first logical block transfer to or
from the host.
5.3Start/stop time
The drive accepts the commands listed in the SAS Interface Manual less than 3 seconds after DC power has
been applied.
If the drive receives a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive through either port and has not received a START
STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 0, the drive becomes ready for normal operations within 30
seconds (excluding the error recovery procedure).
If the drive receives a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 0 before receiving a NOTIFY
(ENABLE SPINUP) primitive, the drive waits for a START ST OP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 1.
After receiving a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 1, the drive waits for a NOTIFY
(ENABLE SPINUP) primitive. After receiving a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive through either port, the
drive becomes ready for normal operations within 30 seconds (excluding the error recovery procedure).
If the drive receives a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit and IMMED bit equal to 1 and does
not receive a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive within 5 seconds, the drive fails the START STOP UNIT
command.
The START STOP UNIT command may be used to command the drive to stop the spindle. Stop time is 20
seconds (maximum) from removal of DC power. SCSI stop time is 20 seconds. There is no power control
switch on the drive.
Constellation ES.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D11
5.4Prefetch/multi-segmented cache control
The drive provides a prefetch (read look-ahead) and multi-segmented cache control algorithms that in many
cases can enhance system performance. Cache refers to the drive buffer storage space when it is used in
cache operations. To select this feature, the host sends the Mode Select command with the proper values in
the applicable bytes in page 08h. Prefetch and cache operations are independent features from the standpoint
that each is enabled and disabled independently using the Mode Select command; however, in actual
operation, the prefetch feature overlaps cache operation somewhat as described in sections 5.5.1 and 5.5.2.
All default cache and prefetch mode parameter values (Mode Page 08h) for standard OEM versions of this
drive family are given in Table 8.
5.5Cache operation
Note.Refer to the SAS Interface Manual for more detail concerning the cache bits.
Of the 64MB physical buffer space in the drive, approximately 30,000 kbytes can be used as a cache. The
buffer is divided into logical segments from which data is read and to which data is written.
The drive keeps track of the logical block addresses of the data stored in each segment of the buffer. If the
cache is enabled (see RCD bit in the SAS Interface Manual ), data requested by the host with a read com mand
is retrieved from the buffer , if po ssible, before any disk acce ss is initiated. If cache operation is not enabled, the
buffer is still used, but only as circular buffer segments during disk medium read operations (disregarding
Prefetch operation for the moment). That is, the drive does not check in the buffer segments for the requested
read data, but goes directly to the medium to retrieve it. The retrieved data merely passes through some buffer
segment on the way to the host. All data transfers to the host are in accordance with buffer-full ratio rules. See
the explanation provided with the information about Mode Page 02h (disconnect/reconnect control) in the SAS Interface Manual.
The following is a simplified description of the prefetch/cache operation:
Case A—read command is received and all of the requested logical blocks are already in the cache:
1. Drive transfers the requested logical blocks to the initiator.
Case B—A Read command requests data, and at least one requested logical block is not in any segment of
the cache:
1. The drive fetches the requested logical blo cks from the disk and transf ers them into a segment , and then
from there to the host in accordance with the Mode Select Disconnect/Reconnect parameters, page 02h.
2. If the prefetch feature is enabled, refe r to sec tio n 5.5.2 for operation from this point.
Each cache segment is actually a self-contained circular buffer whose length is an integer number of logical
blocks. The drive dynamically creates and removes segments based on the workload. The wrap-around
capability of the individual segments greatly enhances the cache’s overall performance.
Note.The size of each segment is no t reported by Mode Sense command page 08 h, bytes 14 and 15.
The value 0XFFFF is always reported regardless of the actual size of the segment. Sending a size
specification using the Mode Select command (bytes 14 and 15) does not set up a new segment
size. If the STRICT bit in Mode page 00h (byte 2, bit 1) is set to one, the drive responds as it does
for any attempt to change an unchangeable parameter.
12Constellation ES.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D
5.5.1Caching write data
Write caching is a write operation by the drive that make s use of a drive b uffer storage area wher e the da ta to
be written to the medium is stored while the drive performs the Write command.
If read caching is enabled (RCD=0), then data written to the medium is retained in the cache to be made
available for future read cache hits. The same buffer space and segmentation is used as set up for read
functions. The buffer segmentation scheme is set up or changed independently, having nothing to do with the
state of RCD. When a write command is issued, if RCD=0, the cache is first checked to see if any logical
blocks that are to be written are already stored in the cache from a previous read or write command. If there
are, the respective cache segments are cleared. The new data is cached for subsequent Read commands.
If the number of write data logical blocks exceed the size of the segme nt being written into, when the end of the
segment is reached, the data is written into the beginning of the same cache segment, overwriting the da ta that
was written there at the beginning of the operation; however, the drive does not overwrite data that has not yet
been written to the medium.
If write caching is enabled (WCE=1), then the drive may return Good status on a write command after the data
has been transferred into the cache, but before the data has been written to the medium. If an error occurs
while writing the data to the medium, and Good status has already been returned, a deferred error will be
generated.
The Synchronize Cache command may be used to force the drive to write all cached write dat a to the med ium.
Upon completion of a Synchronize Cache command, all data received from previous write commands will have
been written to the medium. Table 8 shows the mode default settings for the drive.
5.5.2Prefetch operation
If the Prefetch feature is enabled, data in contiguous logical blocks on the disk immediately beyond that which
was requested by a Read command are retrieved and stored in the buffer for immediate transfer from the
buffer to the host on subsequent Read commands that request those logical blocks (this is true even if cache
operation is disabled). Though the pr ef etch operation uses the buffer as a cache, finding the requested data in
the buffer is a prefetch hit, not a cache operation hit.
To enable Prefetch, use Mode Select page 08h, byte 12, bit 5 (Disable Read Ahead - DRA bit). DRA bit = 0
enables prefetch.
The drive does not use the Max Prefetch field (bytes 8 and 9) or the Prefetch Ceiling field (bytes 10 and 11).
When prefetch (read look-ahead) is enabled (enabled by DRA = 0), the drive enables prefetch of contiguous
blocks from the disk when it senses that a prefetch hit will likely occur. The drive disables prefetch when it
decides that a prefetch hit is not likely to occur.
Constellation ES.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D13
6.0Reliability specifications
The following reliability specifications assume correct host and drive operational interface, including all
interface timings, power supply voltages, environmental requirements and drive mounting constraints.
Seek error rate:Less than 10 errors in 10
Read Error Rates
1
Recovered DataLess than 10 errors in 1012 bits transferred (OEM default settings)
Unrecovered DataLess than 1 sector in 10
Miscorrected DataLess than 1 sector in 10
Interface error rate:Less than 1 error in 10
Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF):1,200,000 hours
Annualized Failure Rate (AFR):0.73%
Preventive maintenance:None required
1.Error rate specified with automatic retries and data correction with ECC enabled and all flaws reallocated.
6.1Error rates
The error rates stated in this manual assume the following:
• The drive is operated in accordance with this manual using DC power as defined in paragraph 7.3, "DC
power requirements."
• Errors caused by host system failures are excluded from error rate computations.
• Assume random data.
• Default OEM error recovery settings are applied. This includes AWRE, ARRE, full read retries, full write
retries and full retry time.
8
seeks
15
bits transferred
21
bits transferred
12
bits transferred
6.1.1Recov era b le Errors
Recoverable errors are those detected and correcte d by the drive, and do not require user intervention.
Recoverable Data errors will use correction, although ECC on-the-fly is not considered for purposes of
recovered error specifications .
Recovered Data error rate is determined using read bits transferred for recoverab le errors occurring during a
read, and using write bits transferred for recoverable err ors occurring during a write.
6.1.2Unrecoverable Errors
An unrecoverable data error is def ined as a failure of the d rive to recover data from the media. These errors
occur due to head/media or write problems. Unrecoverable data errors are only detected during read
operations, but not caused by the read. If an unrecovera ble dat a error is d etected, a MEDIUM ERROR (03h) in
the Sense Key will be reported. Multiple unrecoverable data errors resulting from the same cause are treated
as 1 error.
14Constellation ES.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D
6.1.3Seek errors
A seek error is defined as a failure of the drive to position the heads to the addressed track. After detecting an
initial seek error, the drive automatically performs an error recovery process. If the error recovery process fails,
a seek positioning error (Error code = 15h or 02h) will be reported with a Hardware error (04h) in the Sense
Key. Recoverable seek errors are specified at Less than 10 errors in 10
8
seeks. Unrecoverable seek errors
(Sense Key = 04h) are classified as drive failures.
6.1.4Interface errors
An interface error is defined as a failure of the receiver on a port to recover the data as transmitted by the
device port connected to the receiver. The error may be detected as a running disparity error, illegal code, loss
of word sync, or CRC error.
6.2Reliability and service
You can enhance the reliability of Constellation ES.2 disk drives by ensuring that the drive receives adequate
cooling. Section 7.0 provides temperature measurements and other information that may be used to enhance
the service life of the drive. Section 11.2 provides recommended air-flow information.
6.2.1Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) and Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)
The production disk drive shall achieve an AFR of 0.73% (MTBF of 1,200,000 hours) when operated in an
environment that ensures the HDA case temperatures do not exceed the values specified in Section 7.5.
Operation at case temperatures outside the specifications in Section 7.5 may increase the product AFR
(decrease the MTBF). The AFR (MTBF) is a population statistic not relevant to individual units.
The AFR (MTBF) specification is based on the following assumptions for Enterprise Storage System
environments:
• 8760 power-on hours per year.
• 250 average on/off cycles per year.
• Operations at nominal voltages.
• Systems will provide adequate cooling to ensure the case temperatures specified in Section 7.5 are not
exceeded. Temperatures outside the specifications in Section 7.5 will increase the product AFR and
decrease the MTBF.
6.2.2Preventive maintenance
No routine scheduled preventive maintenance is required.
6.2.3Hot plugging the drive
When a disk is powered on by switching the power or hot plugged, the drive runs a self test before attempting
to communicate on its’ interfaces. When the self test completes successfully, the drive initiates a Link Reset
starting with OOB. An attached device should respond to the link reset. If the link reset attempt fails, or any
time the drive looses sync, the drive initiated link reset. The drive will initiate link reset once per second but
alternates between port A and B. Therefore each port will attempt a link reset once per 2 seconds assuming
both ports are out of sync.
If the self-test fails, the drive does not respond to link reset on the failing port.
Note.It is the responsibility of the systems integrator to assure that no temperature, energy, voltage haz-
ard, or ESD potential hazard is presented during the hot connect/disconnect operation. Discharge
the static electricity from the drive carrier prior to inserting it into the system.
Constellation ES.2 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D15
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