Seagate ST4000NM0063, ST4000NM0053, ST1000NM0063, ST3000NM0063, ST32000645NS User Manual

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Product Manual

Constellation® ES Series SAS

Standard Models

ST32000444SS ST31000424SS ST3500414SS

Self-Encrypting Drive Models

ST32000445SS ST31000425SS ST3500415SS

SED FIPS 140-2 Models

ST32000446SS ST31000426SS ST3500416SS

100602414 Rev. F February 2011

Revision history

Revision Date Sheets affected or comments

Rev. A 12/02/09 Initial release. Rev. B 01/19/10 9 & 10. Rev. C 02/22 /10 36. Rev. D 03/15 /10 9. Rev. E 09/23/10 fc, 1-2, 7, 9-10, 26-34, 42, 57 and 59-61. Rev. F 02/23/11 36, 38,

41 & 56-58.

Publication number: 100602414, Rev. F February 2011 Seagate, Seagate Technology and the Wave logo are registered trademarks of Seagate Technology

LLC in the United States and/or other countries. Constellation ES and SeaTools are either trade marks or registered trademarks of Seagate Technology LLC or one of its affiliated companies in the United States and/or other countries. The FIPS logo is a certification mark of NIST, which does not imply product endorsement by NIST, the U.S., or Canadian governments. All other trademarks or registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission of Seaga te Technology LLC. Call 877-PUB-TEK1(877-782-8351) to request permission.

One gigabyte, or GB, equals one billion bytes and one terabyte, or TB, equals one trillion bytes. Your computer's operating system may use a different standard of measurement and report a lower capacity. In addition, some of the listed capacity is used for formatting and other functions, and thus will not be available for data storage. Seagate reserves the right to change, without notice, product offerings or specifications.

Contents

1.0 Seagate Technology support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2.0 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3.0 Applicable standards and reference documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3.1 Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3.1.1 Electromagnetic compatibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3.1.2 Electromagnetic compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3.1.3 European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3.2 Reference documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4.0 General description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

4.1 Standard features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4.2 Media description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4.3 Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4.4 Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4.5 Formatted capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4.6 Programmable drive capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

4.7 Factory-installed options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

5.0 Performance characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5.1 Internal drive characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5.2 Seek performance characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5.2.1 Access time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5.2.2 Format command execution time for 512-byte sectors (minutes) . . . . . . . . . . . 11

5.2.3 General performance characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

5.3 Start/stop time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

5.4 Prefetch/multi-segmented cache control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

5.5 Cache operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

5.5.1 Caching write data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

5.5.2 Prefetch operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

6.0 Reliability specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

6.1 Error rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

6.1.1 Recoverable Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

6.1.2 Unrecoverable Errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

6.1.3 Seek errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

6.1.4 Interface errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

6.2 Reliability and service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

6.2.1 Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) and Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) . . . . 15

6.2.2 Preventive maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

6.2.3 Hot plugging the drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

6.2.4 S.M.A.R.T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

6.2.5 Thermal monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

6.2.6 Drive Self Test (DST). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

6.2.7 Product warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

7.0 Physical/electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

7.1 PowerChoiceTM power management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

7.1.1 PowerChoice reporting methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

7.2 AC power requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

7.3 DC power requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

7.3.1 Conducted noise immunity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

7.3.2 Power sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

7.3.3 Current profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

7.4 Power dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F i

7.5 Environmental limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

7.5.1 Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

7.5.2 Relative humidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

7.5.3 Effective altitude (sea level) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

7.5.4 Shock and vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

7.5.5 Acoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

7.5.6 Air cleanliness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

7.5.7 Corrosive environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

7.5.8 Electromagnetic susceptibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

7.6 Mechanical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

8.0 About FIPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

9.0 About self-encrypting drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

9.1 Data encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

9.2 Controlled access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

9.2.1 Admin SP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

9.2.2 Locking SP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

9.2.3 Default password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

9.3 Random number generator (RNG). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

9.4 Drive locking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

9.5 Data bands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

9.6 Cryptographic erase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

9.7 Authenticated firmware download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

9.8 Power requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

9.9 Supported commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

10.0 Defect and error management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

10.1 Drive internal defects/errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

10.2 Drive error recovery procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

10.3 SAS system errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

10.4 Background Media Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

10.5 Media Pre-Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

10.6 Deferred Auto-Reallocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

10.7 Idle Read After Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

11.0 Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

11.1 Drive orientation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

11.2 Cooling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

11.3 Drive mounting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

11.4 Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

12.0 Interface requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

12.1 SAS features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

12.1.1 task management functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

12.1.2 task management responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

12.2 Dual port support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

12.3 SCSI commands supported. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

12.3.1 Inquiry data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

12.3.2 Mode Sense data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

12.4 Miscellaneous operating features and conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

12.4.1 SAS physical interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

12.4.2 Physical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

12.4.3 Connector requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

12.4.4 Electrical description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

12.4.5 Pin descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

12.4.6 SAS transmitters and receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

ii Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

12.4.7 Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

12.5 Signal characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

12.5.1 Ready LED Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

12.5.2 Differential signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

12.6 SAS-2 Specification Compliance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

12.7 Additional information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F iii

iv Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

List of Figures

Figure 1. 2TB model current profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Figure 2. 1TB model current profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Figure 3. 500GB model current profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Figure 4. 2TB models (3Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Figure 5. 2TB models (6Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Figure 6. 1TB models (3Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Figure 7. 1TB models (6Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Figure 8. 500GB models (3Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Figure 9. 500GB models (6Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Figure 10. Location of the HDA temperature check point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Figure 11. Recommended mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Figure 12. Mounting configuration dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Figure 13. Example of FIPS tamper evidence label s. Does not represent actual drive.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Figure 14. Physical interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

Figure 15. Air flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

Figure 16. Physical interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

Figure 17. SAS device plug dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Figure 18. SAS device plug dimensions (detail) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

Figure 19. SAS transmitters and receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F v

vi Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

1.0 Seagate Technology support services

SEAGATE ONLINE SUPPORT and SERVICES

For information regarding products and services, visit http://www.seagate.com/www/en-us/about/contact_us/

Available services include:

Presales & Technical support Global Support Services telephone numbers & business hours Authorized Service Centers

For information regarding Warranty Support, visit

http://www.sea

For information regarding Data Recovery Services, visit http://www.i365.com For Seagate OEM & Distribution partner portal, visit https://direct.seagate.com/portal/system For Seagate reseller portal, visit http://spp.seagate.com

gate.com/www/en-us/support/warranty_&_returns_assistance

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 1

2.0 Scope

This manual describes Seagate Technology® LLC, Constellation® ES Series SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) disc drives.

Constellation ES drives support the SAS Protocol specifications to the extent described in this manual. The SAS Interface Manual (part number 100293071) describes the general SAS characteristics of this and other Seagate SAS drives. The Self-Encrypt ing Drive Reference Manual, part number 100515636, describes the interface, general operation, and security features available on Self-Encrypting Drive models.

Note. Previous generations of Seagate Self-Encrypting Drive models were called Full Disk Encryption

(FDE) models before a differentiation between drive-based encryption and other forms of encryp tion was necessary.

Product data communicated in this manual is specific only to the model numbers listed in this ma nual. The dat a listed in this manual may not be predictive of future generation specifications or requirements. If you are designing a system which will use one of the models listed or future generation products and need further assistance, please contact your Field Applications Engineer (FAE) or our global support services group as shown in Section 1.0.

Unless otherwise stated, the information in this manual applies to standard and Self-Encrypting Drive models.

Model Number Self-Encrypting Drive (SED) FIPS 140-2 Level 2 certified

ST32000444SS No No

ST32000445SS Yes No ST32000446SS Yes Yes ST31000424SS No No ST31000425SS Yes No ST31000426SS Yes Yes ST3500414SS No No ST3500415SS Yes No ST3500416SS Yes Yes

For more information on FIPS 140-2 Level 2 certification see Section 8.0 on page 41.

2 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

3.0 Applicable standards and reference documentation

The drives documented in this manual have been developed as system peripherals to the highest standards of design and construction. The drives depends on host equipment to provide adequate power and environment for optimum performance and compliance with applicable industry and governmental regulations. Special attention must be given in the areas o f safety, power distribution, shielding, audible noise control, and temperature regulation. In particular, the drive must be securely mounted to guarantee the specified performance characteristics. Mounting by bottom holes must meet the requirements of Section 11.3.

3.1 Standards

The Constellation ES family complies with Seagate standards as noted in the appropriate sections of th is manual and the Seagate SAS Interface Manual, part number 100293071.

The drives are recognized in accordance with UL 60950-1 as tested by UL, CSA 60950-1 as tested by CSA, and EN60950-1 as tested by TUV.

The security features of Self-Encrypting Drive models are based on the “TCG Storage Architecture Core Specification” and the “TCG Storage Workgroup Security Subsystem Class: Enterprise_A” specification with additional vendor-unique features as noted in this product manual.

3.1.1 Electromagnetic compatibility

The drive, as delivered, is designed for system integration and installation into a suitable enclosure prior to use. The drive is supplied as a subasse mbly and is not s ubject to Subpart B o f Part 15 of the F CC Rules and Regulations nor the Radio Interference Reg ula tio ns of the Canadian Department of Communications.

The design characteristics of the drive serve to minimize radiation when installed in an enclosure that provides reasonable shielding. The drive is capable of meeting the Class B limits of the FCC Rules and Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications when properly packaged; however, it is the user’s responsibility to assure that the drive meets the appropriate EMI requirements in their system. Shielded I/O cables may be required if the enclosure does not provide adequate shielding. If the I/O cables are external to the enclosure, shielded cables should be used, with the shields grounded to the enclosure and to the host controller.

3.1.1.1 Electromagnetic susceptibility

As a component assembly, the drive is not required to meet any susceptibility performance requirements. It is the responsibility of those integrating the drive within their systems to perform those tests required and design their system to ensure that equipment operating in the same system as the drive or external to the system does not adversely affect the performance of the drive. See Table 2, DC power requirements.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 3

3.1.2 Electromagnetic compliance

Seagate uses an independent laboratory to confirm compliance with the directives/standards for CE Marking and C-Tick Marking. The drive was teste d in a repr esent ative system for typical applications. The selected system represents the most popular characteristics for test platforms. The system configurations include:

• Typical current use microprocessor

• Keyboard

• Monitor/display

• Printer

•Mouse Although the test system with this Seagate model complies with the directives/standards, we cannot guarantee

that all systems will comply. The computer manufacturer or system integrator shall confirm EMC compliance and provide the appropriate marking for their product.

Electromagnetic compliance for the European Union

If this model has the CE Marking it complies with the European Union requirements of the Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive 2004/108/EC as put into place on 20 July 2007.

Australian C-Tick

If this model has the C-Tick Marking it complies with the Australia/New Zealand Standard AS/NZ CISPR22 and meets the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Framework requirements of Australia’s Spectrum Management Agency (SMA).

Korean KCC

If these drives have the Korean Communications Commission (KCC) logo, they comply with paragraph 1 of Article 11 of the Electromagnetic Compatibility control Regulation and meet the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Framework requirements of the Radio Research Laboratory (RRL) Communications Commission, Republic of Korea.

These drives have been tested and comply with the Electromagnetic Interference/Electromagnetic Susceptibility (EMI/EMS) for Class B products. Drives are tested in a representative, end-user system by a Korean-recognized lab.

• Family name: Constellation ES SAS

• Certificate number: STX-ST32000444SS (B)

• Manufacturing date: 14 September 2009 (Date of Certification)

• Manufacturer/nationality: USA, Singapore and China

Taiwanese BSMI

If this model has two Chinese words meaning “EMC certification” followed by an eight digit identification number, as a Marking, it complies with Chinese National Standard (CNS) 13438 and meets the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Framework requirements of the Taiwanese Bureau of Standards, Metrology, and Inspection (BSMI).

4 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

3.1.3 European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)

The European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive, restricts the presence of chemical substances, including Lead, Cadmi um, Mercury, Hexavalent Chromium, PBB and PBDE, in electronic products, effective July 2006. This drive is manufacture d with compone nts and mater ials that comply with the RoHS Directive.

A number of parts and materials in Seagate products are procured from external suppliers. We rely on the representations of our suppliers regarding the presence of RoHS substances in these parts and materials. Our supplier contracts require compliance with our che mical substance restrictions, and our suppliers document their compliance with our requirements by providing material conten t declarations for all p arts and materials for the disc drives documented in this publication. Current supplier declarations include disclosure of the inclusion of any RoHS-regulated substance in such parts or materials.

Seagate also has internal systems in place to ensure on going compliance with the RoHS Directive and all laws and regulations which restrict chemical content in electronic products. These systems include standard operating procedures that ensure that restricted substances are not utilized in our manufacturing operations, laboratory analytical validation testing, and an internal auditing process to ensure that all standard operating procedures are complied with.

3.2 Reference documents

SAS Interface Manual

SCSI Commands Reference Manual

Self-Encrypting Drives Reference Manual

ANSI SAS Documents

ANSI Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) Documents

Trusted Computing Group (TCG) Documents (apply to Self-Encrypting Drive models only)

Specification for Acoustic Test Requirement and Procedures

Seagate part number: 100293071

Seagate part number: 100293068

Seagate part number: 100515636

SFF-8323 3.5” Drive Form Factor with Serial Connector SFF-8460 HSS Backplane Design Guidelines SFF-8470 Multi Lane Copper Connector SFF-8482 SAS Plug Connector ANSI INCITS.xxx Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Standard (T10/1562-D) ISO/IEC 14776-xxx SCSI Architecture Model-3 (SAM-3) Standard (T10/1561-D) ISO/IEC 14776-xxx SCSI Primary Commands-3 (SPC-3) Standard (T10/1416-D) ISO/IEC 14776-xxx SCSI Block Commands-2 (SBC-2) Standard (T10/1417-D)

X3.270-1996 (SCSI-3) Architecture Model

TCG Storage Architecture Core Specification, Rev . 1.0 TCG Storage Security Subsystem Class Enterprise Specification, Rev. 1.0

Seagate part number: 30553-001

In case of conflict between this document and any referenced document, this document takes precedence.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 5

4.0 General description

Constellation ES drives provide high performance, high ca pa city dat a storage for a variety of systems including engineering workstations, network servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. The Serial Attached SCSI interface is designed to meet next-generation computing demands for performance, scalability, flexibility and highdensity storage requirements.

Constellation ES drives are random access storage devices designed to support th e Serial Att ached SCSI Protocol as described in the ANSI specifications, this document, and the SAS Interface Manual (part number

100293071) which describes the general interface characteristics of this drive. Constellation ES drives are classified as intelligent peripherals and provide level 2 conformance (highest level) with the ANSI SCSI-1 standard. The SAS connectors, cables and electrical interface are compatible with Serial ATA (SATA), giving future users the choice of populating their sy stem s with eith er SAS or SATA hard disc drives. This allows you to continue to leverage your existing investment in SCSI while gaining a 6Gb/s serial data transfer rate.

The Self-Encrypting Drive models indicated on the cover of this product manual have provisions for “Security of Data at Rest” based on the st andards defined by the Trusted Computing Group (see www.trustedcomputinggroup.org).

The head and disc assembly (HDA) is sealed at the factory. Air recirculates within the HDA through a nonreplaceable filter to maintain a contamination-free HDA environment.

Note. Never disassemble the HDA and do not attempt to service items in the sealed enclosure (heads,

media, actuator, etc.) as this requires special facilities. The drive does not contain user-replaceable parts. Opening the HDA for any reason voids your warranty.

Constellation ES drives use a dedicated load/unload zone at the outer most radius of the me dia to eliminate the possibility of destroying or degrading data by landing in the data zone. The heads automatically go to the ramp load/unload when power is removed from the drive.

An automatic shipping lock prevents potential damage to the heads and discs that results from movement during shipping and handling. The shipping lock disengages and the head load process begins when power is applied to the drive.

Constellation ES drives decode track 0 location data from the servo data embedded on each surface to eliminate mechanical transducer adjustments and related reliability concerns.

The drives also use a high-performance actuator assembly with a low-inertia, balanced, patented, straight arm design that provides excellent performance with minimal power dissipation.

6 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

4.1 Standard features

Constellation ES drives have the following standard features:

• Perpendicular recording technology

• 1.5 / 3 / 6 Gb Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) interface

• Integrated dual port SAS controller supporting the SCSI protocol

• Support for SAS expanders and fanout adapters

• Firmware downloadable using the SAS interface

• 128 - deep task set (queue)

• Supports up to 32 initiators

• Jumperless configuration.

• User-selectable logical block size (512, 520, 524 or 528 bytes per logical block).

• Industry standard 3.5-inch dimensions

• Programmable logical block reallocation scheme

• Flawed logical block reallocation at format time

• Programmable auto write and read reallocation

• Reallocation of defects on command (Post Format)

• ECC maximum burst correction length of 400 bits

• No preventive maintenance or adjustments required

• Embedded servo design

• Dedicated head load/unload zone

• Self diagnostics performed when power is applied to the drive

• Vertical, horizontal, or top down mounting

• 16 Mbyte data buffer (see Section 5.5).

• Drive Self Test (DST)

• Background Media Scan (BMS)

• Idle Read After Write (IRAW)

•Power Save Constellation® ES Series SAS Self-Encrypting Drive models have the following additional features:

• Automatic data encryption/decryption

• Controlled access

• Random number generator

• Drive locking

• 16 independent data bands

• Cryptographic erase of user data for a drive that will be repurposed or scrapped

• Authenticated firmware download

4.2 Media description

The media used on the drive has a aluminum substrate coated with a thin film magnetic material, overcoated with a proprietary protective layer for improved durability and environmental protection.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 7

4.3 Performance

• Programmable multi-segmentable cache buffer

• 600MB/s maximum instantaneous data transfers.

• 7200 RPM spindle. Average latency = 4.16ms

• Background processing of queue

• Supports start and stop commands (spindle stops spinning)

• Adaptive seek velocity; improved seek performance Note. Th

ere is no significant performance difference between Self-Encrypting Drive and standard (non-

Self-Encrypting Drive) models.

4.4 Reliability

• Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) of 0.73%

• Mean time between failures (MTBF ) of 1,20 0 ,0 00 hours

• Balanced low mass rotary voice coil actuator

• Incorporates industry-standard Self-Monitoring Analysis

and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)

• 5-year warranty

4.5 Formatted capacities

Standard OEM models are formatted to 512 bytes per block. The block size is selectable at format time and must be a multiple of 4 bytes. Users having the necessary equipment may modify the data block size before issuing a format command and obtain different formatted capacities than those listed.

To provide a stable target capacity environment and at the same time provide users with flexibility if they choose, Seagate recommends product planning in one of two modes:

1. Seagate designs specify capacity points at certain blo products will meet. We recommend customers use this capacity in their project planning, as it ensures a stable operating point with backward and forward compatibility from generation to generation. The current guaranteed operating points for this product are:

ck sizes that Seagate guarantees current and future

Capacity (Blocks)

Sector Size

ST32000444SS ST32000445SS ST32000446SS

Decimal Hex Decimal Hex Decimal Hex

512 3,907,029,168 E8E088B0 1,953,525,168 74706DB0 976,773,168 3A386030 520 3,824,358,992 E3F31650 1,923,076,936 729FD348 961,538,472 394FE9A8 524 3,773,385,336 E0E94A78 1,882,972,568 703BE198 941,486,288 381DF0D0 528 3,719,165,192 DDADF508 1,876,331,336 6FD68B48 938,165,672 37EB45A8

ST31000424SS ST31000425SS ST31000426SS

ST3500414SS ST3500415SS ST3500416SS

4.6 Programmable drive capacity

Using the Mode Select command, the drive can change its capacity to something less than maximum. See the Mode Select (6) parameter list table in the SAS Interface Manual, part number 100293071. A value of zero in the Number of Blocks field indicates that the drive will not change the capacity it is currently formatted to have. A number other than zero and less than the maximum number of LBAs in the Number of Blocks field changes the total drive capacity to the value in the Number of Blocks field. A value greater than the maximum number of LBAs is rounded down to the maximum capacity.

8 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

4.7 Factory-installed options

You may order the following items which are incorporated at the manufacturing facility during production or packaged before shipping. Some of the options available are (not an exhaustive list of possible options):

• Other capacities can be ordered depending on sparing scheme and sector size requested.

• Single-unit shipping pack. The drive is normally shipped in bulk packaging to provide maximum protection

against transit damage. Units shipped individually require additional protection as p rovided by the sin gle unit shipping pack. Users planning single unit distribution should specify this option.

•The Safety and Regulatory Agency Specifications, part number 75789512, is usually included with each

standard OEM drive shipped, but extra copies may be ordered.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 9

5.0 Performance characteristics

This section provides detailed information concerning perfor mance-related character istics and features of Constellation ES drives.

5.1 Internal drive characteristics

ST32000444SS ST31000424SS ST3500414SS ST32000445SS ST31000425SS ST3500415SS ST32000446SS ST31000426SS ST3500416SS

Drive capacity 2000 1000 500 GB (formatted, rounded off value) Read/write data heads 8 4 2 Bytes per track 1,012,608 1,012 Bytes per surface 250,000 250,000 250,000 MB (unformatted, rounded off value) Tracks per surface (total) 248,600 248,600 Tracks per inch 237,000 237,000 Peak bits per inch 1,515,000 1,515,000 1,515,000 BPI Areal density 347 347 347 Gb/in Internal data rate 95 - 212 95 - 212 95 - 212 MB/s (variable with zone) Disc rotation speed 7200 7200 7200 rpm Avg rotational latency 4.16 4.16 4.16 ms

5.2 Seek performance characteristics

,608 1,012,608 Bytes (average, rounded off values)

248,600 Tracks (user accessible) 237,000 TPI (average)

See Section 12.4.1, "SAS physical interface" on page 64 and the SAS Interface Manual (part number

100293071) for additional timing details.

5.2.1 Access time

Not including controller overhead2 (ms)

Including controller overhead

Read Write Read Write

Average Typical Single track Typical Full stroke Typical

8.3 9.3 8.5 9.5

3,4

0.5 0.8 0.7 1.0

3,4

18 19 18.2 19.2

1. Execution time measured from receipt of the Command to the Response.

2. Assumes no errors and no sector has been relocated.

3. Typical access times are measured under nominal conditions of temperature, voltage, and horizontal orientation as

measured on a representative sample of drives.

4. Access time = controller overhead + average seek time and applies to all data transfer commands.

Access to data = access time + latency time.

1, 2

(ms)

10 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

5.2.2 Format command execution time for 512-byte sectors (minutes)

Maximum (with verify) Maximum (without verify)

ST32000444SS

000445SS

ST32 ST32000446SS

627 345 173 314 173 86

ST31000424SS ST31000425SS ST31000426SS

ST3500414SS ST3500415SS ST3500416SS

Note. There is approximately a 1.5 increase in time to format a SED drive versus a non-SED drive of the same capacity .

5.2.3 General performance characteristics

Minimum sector interleave 1 to 1 Data buffer to/from disc media (one 512-byte logical block)* 95 to 212 MB/s Sustained transfer rate 60 to 150 MB/s SAS Interface maximum instant

Logical block sizes

512 (default), 520, 524 or 528. Read/write consecutive sectors on a track Yes Flaw reallocation performance impact (for flaws reallocated at format time using the

are sectors per sparing zone reallocation scheme.)

sp Average rotational latency 4.16ms

aneous transfer rate 600MB/s* per port

(dual port = 1200MB/s*)

Negligible

*Assumes no errors and no relocated logical blocks. Rate measured from the start of the first logical block transfer to or from the host.

5.3 Start/stop time

The drive accepts the commands listed in the SAS Interface Manual less than 3 seconds after DC power has been applied.

If the drive receives a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive through either port and has not received a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 0, the drive becomes ready for normal operations within 30 seconds (excluding the error recovery procedure).

If the drive receives a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 0 before receiving a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive, the drive waits for a START ST OP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 1. After receiving a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 1, the drive waits for a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive. After receiving a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive through either port, the drive becomes ready for normal operations within 30 seconds (excluding the error recovery procedure).

If the drive receives a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit and IMMED bit equal to 1 and does not receive a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive within 5 seconds, the drive fails the START STOP UNIT command.

The ST AR T STOP UNIT command may be used to command the drive to stop the spindle . Stop time is 20 seconds (maximum) from removal of DC power. SCSI stop time is 20 seconds. There is no power control switch on the drive.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 11

5.4 Prefetch/multi-segmented cache control

The drive provides a prefetch (read look-ahead) and multi-segmented cache control algorithms that in many cases can enhance system performance. Cache refers to the drive buffer storage space when it is used in cache operations. To select this feature, the host sends the Mode Select command with the proper values in the applicable bytes in page 08h. Prefetch and cache operations are independent features from the standpoint that each is enabled and disabled independently using the Mode Select command; however, in actual operation, the prefetch feature overlaps cache operation somewhat as described in sections 5.5.1 and 5.5.2.

All default cache and prefetch mode parameter values (Mode Page 08h) for standard OEM versions of this drive family are given in Table 10.

5.5 Cache operation

Note. Refer to the SAS Interface Manual for more detail concerning the cache bits. Of the 16MB physical buffer sp ace in the d rive, approxim ate ly 13 ,0 00 kbytes can be u sed as a cache. T he bu f-

fer is divided into logical segments from which data is read and to which data is written. The drive keeps track of the logical block addresses of the data stored in each segment of the buffer. If the

cache is enabled (see RCD bit in the SAS Interface Manual ), data requested by the host with a read com mand is retrieved from the buffer , if po ssible, before any disc acce ss is initiated. If cache operation is not enabled, the buffer is still used, but only as circular buffer segments during disc medium read operations (disregarding Prefetch operation for the moment). That is, the drive does not check in the buffer segments for the requested read data, but goes directly to the medium to retrieve it. The retrieved data merely passes through some buffer segment on the way to the host. All data transfers to the host are in accordance with buffer-full ratio rules. See the explanation provided with the information about Mode Page 02h (disconnect/reconnect control) in the SAS Interface Manual.

The following is a simplified description of the prefetch/cache operation: Case A—read command is received and all of the requested logical blocks are already in the cache:

1. Drive transfers the requested logical blocks to the initiator. Case B—A Read command requests data, and at least one requested logical block is not in any segment of

the cache:

1. The drive fetches the requested lo gical blocks from the disc and transfers them into a segm ent, and then from there to the host in accordance with the Mode Select Disconnect/Reconnect parameters, page 02h.

2. If the prefetch feature is enabled, re fe r t o sec tio n 5.5.2 for operation from this point.

Each cache segment is actually a self-contained circular buffer whose length is an integer number of logical blocks. The drive dynamically creates and removes segments based on the workload. The wrap-around capability of the individual segments greatly enhances the cache’s overall performance.

Note. The size of each segment is not reporte d by Mode Sense command page 08h, bytes 14 and 15.

The value 0XFFFF is always reported regardless of the actual size of the segment. Sending a size specification using the Mode Select command (bytes 14 and 15) does not set up a new segment size. If the STRICT bit in Mode page 00h (byte 2, bit 1) is set to one, the drive responds as it does for any attempt to change an unchangeable parameter.

12 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

5.5.1 Caching write data

Write caching is a write operation by the drive that make s use of a drive b uffer storage area wher e the da ta to be written to the medium is stored while the drive performs the Write command.

If read caching is enabled (RCD=0), then data written to the medium is retained in the cache to be made available for future read cache hits. The same buffer space and segmentation is used as set up for read functions. The buffer segmentation scheme is set up or changed independently, having nothing to do with the state of RCD. When a write command is issued, if RCD=0, the cache is first checked to see if any logical blocks that are to be written are already stored in th e cache from a previous read or write command. If there are, the respective cache segments are cleared. The new data is cached for subsequent Read commands.

If the number of write data logical blocks exceed the size of the segme nt being written into, when the end of the segment is reached, the data is written into the beginning of the same cache segment, overwriting the da ta that was written there at the beginning of the operation; however, the drive does not overwrite data that has not yet been written to the medium.

If write caching is enabled (WCE=1), then the drive may return Good status on a write command after the data has been transferred into the cache, but before the data has been written to the medium. If an error occurs while writing the data to the medium, and Good status has already been returned, a deferred error will be generated.

The Synchronize Cache command may be used to force the drive to write all cached write dat a to the med ium. Upon completion of a Synchronize Cache command, all data received from previous write commands will have been written to the medium. Table 10 shows the mode default settings for the drive.

5.5.2 Prefetch operation

If the Prefetch feature is enabled, data in contiguous logical blocks on the disc immediately beyond that which was requested by a Read command are retrieved and stored in the buffer for immediate transfer from the buffer to the host on subsequent Read commands that request those logical blocks (this is true even if cache operation is disabled). Though the pr ef etch operation uses the buffer as a cache, finding the requested data in the buffer is a prefetch hit, not a cache operation hit.

To enable Prefetch, use Mode Select page 08h, byte 12, bit 5 (Disable Read Ahead - DRA bit). DRA bit = 0 enables prefetch.

The drive does not use the Max Prefetch field (bytes 8 and 9) or the Prefetch Ceiling field (bytes 10 and 11). When prefetch (read look-ahead) is enabled (enabled by DRA = 0), the drive enables prefetch of contiguous

blocks from the disc when it senses that a prefetch hit will likely occur. The drive disables prefetch when it decides that a prefetch hit is not likely to occur.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 13

6.0 Reliability specifications

The following reliability specifications assume correct host and drive operational interface, including all interface timings, power supply voltages, environmental requirements and drive mounting constraints.

Seek error rate: Less than 10 errors in 10 Read Error Rates

Recovered Data Less than 10 errors in 1012 bits transferred (OEM default settings) Unrecovered Data Less than 1 sector in 10

Miscorrected Data Less than 1 sector in 10 Interface error rate: Less than 1 error in 10 Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF): 1,200,000 hours Annualized Failure Rate (AFR): 0.73% Preventive maintenance: None required

1. Error rate specified with automatic retries and data correction with ECC enabled and all flaws reallocated.

6.1 Error rates

The error rates stated in this manual assume the following:

• The drive is operated in accordance with this manual using DC power as defined in paragraph 7.3, "DC power requirements."

• Errors caused by host system failures are excluded from error rate computations.

• Assume random data.

• Default OEM error recovery settings are applied. This includes AWRE, ARRE, full read retries, full write retries and full retry time.

seeks

bits transferred

6.1.1 Recov era b le Errors

Recoverable errors are those detected and correcte d by the drive, and do not require user intervention. Recoverable Data errors will use correction, although ECC on-the-fly is not considered for purposes of recov-

ered error specifications. Recovered Data error rate is determined using read bits transferred for recoverab le errors occurring during a

read, and using write bits transferred for recoverable err ors occurring during a write.

6.1.2 Unrecoverable Errors

An unrecoverable data error is def ined as a failure of the d rive to recover data from the media. These errors occur due to head/media or write problems. Unrecoverable data errors are only detected during read operations, but not caused by the read. If an unrecoverable da ta error is detected, a MEDI UM ERROR (03h) in the Sense Key will be reported. Multiple unrecoverable data errors resulting from the same cause are treated as 1 error.

14 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

6.1.3 Seek errors

A seek error is defined as a failure of the drive to position the heads to the addressed track. After detecting an initial seek error, the drive automatically performs an error recovery process. If the error recovery process fails, a seek positioning error (Error code = 15h or 02h) will be reported with a Hardware error (04h) in the Sense Key. Recoverable seek errors are specified at Less than 10 errors in 10

seeks. Unrecoverable seek errors

(Sense Key = 04h) are classified as drive failures.

6.1.4 Interface errors

An interface error is defined as a failure of the receiver on a port to recover the data as transmitted by the device port connected to the receiver. The error may be detected as a running disparity error, illegal code, loss of word sync, or CRC error.

6.2 Reliability and service

You can enhance the reliability of Constellation ES disc drives by ensuring that the drive receives adequate cooling. Section 7.0 provides temperature measurements and other information that may be used to enhance the service life of the drive. Section 11.2 provides recommended air-flow information.

6.2.1 Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) and Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)

The production disc drive shall achieve an AFR of 0.73% (MTBF of 1,200,000 hours) when operated in an environment that ensures the HDA case temperatures do not exceed the values specified in Section 7.5. Operation at case temperatures outside the specifications in Section 7.5 may increase the product AFR (decrease the MTBF). The AFR (MTBF) is a population statistic not relevant to individual units.

The AFR (MTBF) specification is based on the following assumptions for Enterprise Storage System environments:

• 8,760 power-on hours per year.

• 250 average on/off cycles per year.

• Operations at nominal voltages.

• Systems will provide adequate cooling to ensure the case temperatures specified in Section 7.5 are not exceeded. Temperatures outside the specifications in Section 7.5 will increase the product AFR and decrease the MTBF.

6.2.2 Preventive maintenance

No routine scheduled preventive maintenance is required.

6.2.3 Hot plugging the drive

When a disc is powered on by switching the power or hot plugged, the drive runs a self test before attempting to communicate on its’ interfaces. When the self test completes successfully, the drive initiates a Link Reset starting with OOB. An attached device should respond to the link reset. If the link reset attempt fails, or any time the drive looses sync, the drive initiated link reset. The drive will initiate link reset once per second but alternates between port A and B. Therefore each port will attempt a link reset once per 2 seconds assuming both ports are out of sync.

If the self-test fails, the drive does not respond to link reset on the failing port. Note. It is the responsibility of the systems integrator to assure that no temperature, energy, voltage haz-

ard, or ESD potential hazard is presented during the hot connect/disconnect operation. Discharge the static electricity from the drive carrier prior to inserting it into the system.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 15

Caution. The drive motor must come to a complete stop prior to changing the plane of operation . This time is

required to insure data integrity.

6.2.4 S.M.A.R.T.

S.M.A.R.T. is an acronym for Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology. This technology is intended to recognize conditions that indicate imminent drive failure and is designed to provide sufficient warning of a failure to allow you to back up the data before an actual failure occurs.

Note. The drive’s firmware monitors specific attributes for degr adation over time but can’t pred ict instant a-

neous drive failures.

Each monitored attribute has been selected to monitor a specific set of failure conditions in the operating performance of the drive and the thresholds are op tim ized to minimize “false” and “failed” predictions.

Controlling S.M.A.R.T.

The operating mode of S.M.A.R.T. is controlled by the DEXCPT and PERF bits on the Informational Exceptio ns Control mode page (1Ch). Use the DEXCPT bit to enable or disable the S.M.A.R.T. feature. Setting the DEXCPT bit disables all S.M.A.R.T. functions. When enabled, S.M.A.R.T. collect s on-line data as the drive performs normal read and write operations. When the PERF bit is set, the drive is considered to be in “On-line Mode Only” and will not perform off-line functions.

You can measure off-line attributes and force the drive to save the data by using the Rezero Unit command. Forcing S.M.A.R.T. resets the timer so that the next scheduled interrupt is in one hour.

You can interrogate the drive through the host to dete rmine the time rema ining before the next sch eduled measurement and data logging process occurs. To accomplish this, issue a Log Sense command to log page 0x3E. This allows you to control when S.M.A.R.T. interruptions occur. Forcing S.M.A.R.T. with the RTZ comma nd resets the timer.

Performance impact

S.M.A.R.T. attribute data is saved to the disc so that the events that cause d a predictive fa ilure can be rec reated. The drive measures and saves parameters once every one hour subject to an idle period on the drive interfaces. The process of measuring off-line attribute data and saving data to the disc is interruptable. The maximum on-line only processing delay is summarized below:

Maximum processing delay

On-line only delay DEXCPT = 0, PERF = 1

S.M.A.R.T. delay times 233 ms 560 ms

Fully-enabled delay DEXCPT = 0, PERF = 0

Reporting control

Reporting is controlled by the MRIE bits in the Informational Exceptions Control mode page (1Ch). An example, if the MRIE is set to one, the firmware will issue to the host an 01-5D00 sense code. The FRU field contains the type of predictive failure that occurred. The error code is preserved through bus resets and power cycles.

Determining rate

S.M.A.R.T. monitors the rate at which errors occur and signals a predictive failure if the rate of degraded erro rs increases to an unacceptable level. To determine rate, error events are logge d a nd com p a re d to the num ber of total operations for a given attribute. The interval defines the number of operations o ver whic h to m easur e the rate. The counter that keeps track of the current number of operations is referred to as the Interval Counter.

16 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

S.M.A.R.T. measures error rates. All errors for each monitored attribute are recorded. A counter keeps track of the number of errors for the current interval. This counter is referred to as the Failure Counter.

Error rate is the number of errors per operation. The algor ithm that S.M .A.R.T. uses to record rates of error is to set thresholds for the number of errors and their interval. If the number of errors exceeds the threshold before the interval expires, the error rate is considered to be unacceptable. If the number of errors does not exceed the threshold before the interval expires, the error rate is considered to be acceptable. In either case, the interval and failure counters are reset and the process starts over .

Predictive failures

S.M.A.R.T. signals predict ive failures when the drive is performing unacceptably for a period of time. The firmware keeps a running count of the number of times the error rate for each attribute is unacceptable. To accomplish this, a counter is incremented e ach time the erro r rate is unacceptable and decremented (not to exceed zero) whenever the error rate is acceptable. If the counter continually increments such that it reaches the predictive threshold, a predictive failure is signaled. This counter is referred to as the Failure History Counter. There is a separate Failure History Counter for each attribute.

6.2.5 Thermal monitor

Constellation ES drives implement a temperature warning system which:

1. Signals the host if the temperature exceeds a value which would threaten the drive.

2. Signals the host if the temperature exceeds a user-specified value.

3. Saves a S.M.A.R.T. data frame on the drive which exceeds the threatening temperature value.

A temperature sensor monitors the drive temperature and issues a warning over the interface when the temperature exceeds a set th reshold. The t emperature is measured a t power-up an d then at te n-minute inter vals after power-up.

The thermal monitor system generates a warning code of 01-0B01 when the temperature exceeds the specified limit in compliance with the SCSI standard. The drive temperature is reported in the FRU code field of mode sense data. You can use this information to determine if the warning is due to the temperature exceeding the drive threatening temperature or the user-specified temperature.

This feature is controlled by the Enable Warning (EWasc) bit, and the re porting mecha nism is controlle d by the Method of Reporting Informational Exceptions field (MRIE) on the Informational Exceptions Control (IEC) mode page (1Ch).

The current algorithm implements two temperature trip points. The first trip point is set at 65°C which is the maximum temperature limit according to the drive specification. The second trip point is user-selectable using the Log Select command. The reference temperature parameter in the temperature log page (see Table 1) can be used to set this trip point. The default value for this drive is 65°C, however, you can set it to any value in the range of 0 to 65°C. If you specify a temperature greater than 65°C in this field, the temperature is rounded down to 65°C. A sense code is sent to the host to indicate the rounding of the parameter field.

Table 1: Temperature Log Page (0Dh)

Parameter Code Description

0000h 0001h

Primary Temperature Reference Temperature

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 17

6.2.6 Drive Sel f Test (DST)

Drive Self Test (DST) is a technology designed to recognize drive fault conditions that qualify the drive as a failed unit. DST validates the functionality of the drive at a system level.

There are two test coverage options implemented in DST:

1. Extended test

2. Short test The most thorough option is the extended test that performs various tests on the drive and scans ev er y lo gic al

block address (LBA) of the drive. The short test is time-restricted and limited in length—it does not scan the entire media surface, but does some fundamental tests and scans portions of the media.

If DST encounters an error during either of these tests, it reports a fault condition. If the drive fails the test, remove it from service and return it to Seagate for service.

6.2.6.1 DST failure definition

The drive will present a “diagnostic failed” condition through the self-tests results value of the diagnostic log page if a functional failure is encountered during DST. The channel and servo parameters are not modified to test the drive more stringently, and the number of retries are not reduced. All retries and recovery processes are enabled during the test. If data is recoverable, no failure condition will be reported regardless of the number of retries required to recover the data.

The following conditions are considered DST failure conditions:

• Seek error after retries are exhausted

• Track-follow error after retries are exhausted

• Read error after retries are exhausted

• Write error after retries are exhausted Recovered errors will not be reported as diagnostic failures.

6.2.6.2 Implementation

This section provides all of the information necessary to implement the DST function on this drive.

6.2.6.2.1 State of the drive prior to testing

The drive must be in a ready state before issuing the Send Diagnostic command. There are multiple reasons why a drive may not be ready, some of which are valid conditions, and not errors. For example, a drive may be in process of doing a format, or another DST. It is the responsibility of the host application to determine the “not ready” cause.

While not technically part of DST, a Not Ready condition also qualifies the drive to be returned to Seagate as a failed drive.

A Drive Not Ready condition is reported by the drive under the following conditions:

• Motor will not spin

• Motor will not lock to speed

• Servo will not lock on track

• Drive cannot read configuration tables from the disc In these conditions, the drive responds to a Test Unit Ready command with an 02/04/00 or 02/04/03 code.

6.2.6.2.2 Invoking DST

To invoke DST, submit the Send Diagnostic command with the appropriate Function Code (001b for the short test or 010b for the extended test) in bytes 1, bits 5, 6, and 7.

18 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

6.2.6.2.3 Short and extended tests

DST has two testing options:

1. short

2. extended

These testing options are described in the following two subsections. Each test consists of three segments: an electrical test segment, a servo test segment, and a read/verify scan

segment.

Short test (Function Code: 001b)

The purpose of the short test is to provide a time-limited test that tests as much of the drive as possible within 120 seconds. The short test does not scan the entire media surface, but does some fundamental tests and scans portions of the media. A complete read/verify scan is not performed and only factual failures will report a fault condition. This option provides a quick confidence test of the drive.

Extended test (Function Code: 010b)

The objective of the extended test option is to empirically test critical drive componen ts. For example, the seek tests and on-track operations test the positioning mechanism. The read operation tests the read head element and the media surface. The write element is tested through read/write/read operations. The integrity of the media is checked through a read/verify scan of the media. Motor functionality is tested by default as a part of these tests.

The anticipated length of the Extended test is reported through the Control Mode page.

6.2.6.2.4 Log page entries

When the drive begins DST, it creates a new entry in the Self-test Results Log page. The new entry is created by inserting a new self-test parameter block at the b eginning of the se lf-test result s log par ameter section of the log page. Existing data will be moved to make room for the new parameter block. The drive reports 20 parameter blocks in the log page. If there are more than 20 parameter blocks, the least recent parameter block will be deleted. The new parameter block will be initialized as follows:

1. The Function Code field is set to the same value as sent in the DST command

2. The Self-Test Results Value field is set to Fh

3. The drive will store the log page to non-volatile memory

After a self-test is complete or has been aborted, the drive updates the Self-Test Results Value field in its SelfTest Results Log page in non-volatile memory. The host may use Log Sense to read the results from up to the last 20 self-tests performed by the drive. Th e se lf- te st r esults value is a 4-bit field that reports the results of the test. If the field is set to zero, the drive passed with no errors detected by the DST. If the field is not set to zero, the test failed for the reason reported in the field.

The drive will report the failure condition and LBA (if applicable) in the Self-test Results Log parameter. The Sense key, ASC, ASCQ, and FRU are used to report the failure condition.

6.2.6.2.5 Abort

There are several ways to abort a diagnostic. You can use a SCSI Bus Reset or a Bus Device Reset message to abort the diagnostic.

You can abort a DST executing in background mode by using the abort code in the DST Function Code field. This will cause a 01 (self-test aborted by the application client) code to appear in the self-test results values log. All other abort mechanisms will be reported as a 02 (self-test routine was interrupted by a reset condition).

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 19

6.2.7 Product warranty

Beginning on the date of shipment to the customer and continuing for the period specified in your purchase contract, Seagate warrants that each product (including components and subassemblies) that fails to function properly under normal use due to defect in materia ls or workman ship or due to n onconformance to the applicable specifications will be repaired or replaced, at Seagate’s option and at no charge to the customer , if returned by customer at customer’s expense to Seagate’s designated facility in accordance with Seagate’s warranty procedure. Seagate will pay for transporting the repair or replacement item to the customer. For more detailed warranty information, refer to the standard terms and conditions of purchase for Seagate products on your purchase documentation.

The remaining warranty for a particular drive can be determined by calling Seagate Customer Service at 1-800-468-3472. You can also determine remaining warranty using the Seagate web site (www.seagate.com). The drive serial number is required to determine remaining warranty information.

Shipping

When transporting or shipping a drive, use only a Seagate-approved container. Keep your original box. Seagate approved containers are easily identified by the Seagate Approved Package label. Shipping a drive in a non-approved container voids the drive warranty.

Seagate repair centers may refuse receipt of components improperly packaged or obviously damaged in transit. Contact your authorized Seagate distributor to purchase additional boxes. Seagate recommends shipping by an air-ride carrier experienced in handling computer equipment.

Product repair and return information

Seagate customer service centers are the only facilities authorized to service Seagate drives. Seagate does not sanction any third-party repair facilities. Any unauthorized repair or tampering with the factory seal voids the warranty.

20 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

7.0 Physical/electrical specifications

This section provides information relating to the physical and electrical characteristics of the dr ive.

7.1 PowerChoiceTM power management

Drives using the load/unload architecture provide programmable power management to tailor systems for performance and greater energy efficiency.

The table below lists the supporte d PowerChoice mod es. The further you go down in the t abl e, the more power savings you get. For example, Idle2 mode results in greater power savings than Idle1 mode. Standby mode results in the greatest power savings.

PowerChoice modes

Mode Description

Idle_A Reduced electronics

Idle_B Heads unloaded. Disks spinning at full RPM

Idle_C Heads unloaded. Disks spinning at reduced RPM

Standby_Y Heads unloaded. Disks spinning at reduced RPM.

Standby_Z Heads unloaded. Motor stopped (disks not spinning)

PowerChoice

Recovery requires the NOTIFY (Enable Spinup) command.

can be invoked using one of these two methods:

• Power Condition mode page method—Enable and in itialize th e idle co ndition tim ers an d/o r the standby con dition timers. The timer values are based on the values set in the Power Condition mode page.

• START STOP UNIT command method—Use the START ST

OP UNIT command (OPERATION CODE 1Bh).

This allows the host to directly transition the drive to any supported PowerChoice mode.

If both the Power Condition mode page and START ST

OP UNIT command methods are used, the START STOP UNIT command request takes precedence over the Power Condition mo de p age power contro l and may disable the idle condition and standby condition timers. The REQUEST SENSE command reports the current PowerChoice state if active and also the method by which the drive entered the PowerChoice state.

When the drive receives a command, all power condition timers are suspended if they were enabled via the Power Condition mode page. Once all outstanding commands are processed, the power condition timers are reinitialized to the values defined in the Power Condition mode page.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 21

7.1.1 PowerChoice reporting methods

PowerChoiceTM provides these reporting methods for tracking purposes:

Request Sense command reports

• Current power condition

• Method of entry Note. Processing the Request Sense command does not impact the drive’s power save state.

Mode Sense command reports (mode page 0x1A)

• Idle conditions enabled / disabled

• Idle condition timer values (100ms increm e nts) (def au lt, save d, cu rr en t, ch an g ea ble)

Power Condition Vital Product Data (VPD) Page (VPD page 0x8A)

• Supported power conditions

• Typical recovery time from power conditions (1ms increments)

Start/Stop Cycle Counter Log Page reports (lo g page 0x0E)

• Specified an d accumulated Start/Stops and Load/Unload cycles

Power Condition Transitions Log Page reports (log page 0x1A, subpage 0x00)

• Accumulated transitions to Active, Idle_A, Idle_B, Idle_C, Standby_Y, Standby_Z

7.2 AC power requirements

None.

7.3 DC power requirements

The voltage and current requirements for a single drive are shown below. Values indicated apply at the drive connector.

The standard drive models and the SED drive models have identical hardware, however the security and encryption portion of the drive controller ASIC is enabled and functional in the SED models. This represents a small additional drain on the 5V supply of about 30mA and a commensurate increase of about 150mW in power consumption. There is no additional drain on the 12V supply.

22 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

Table 2: 2000GB drive (Standard & SED model) DC power requirements

3.0Gb mode 6.0Gb mode

Notes Voltage +5V +12V [4] +5V +12V [4] Regulation [5] ±5% ±5% [2] ±5% ±5% [2]

Avg idle current DCX Advanced idle current

Idle_A 0.40 0.43 0.42 0.43 Idle_B 0.22 0.37 0.23 0.37 Idle_C/ Standby_Y 0.22 0.21 0.23 0.21 Standby_Z 0.22 0.02 0.23 0.02

Maximum starting current

(peak DC) DC 3σ [5] 0.66 2.08 0.67 2.08

(peak AC) AC 3σ [5] 0.81 2.84 0.85 2.84 Delayed motor start (max) DC 3σ [1] [6] 0.36 0.03 0.39 0.03 Peak operating current (random read): Typical DCX

Maximum DC 3σ [1] 0.57 0.66 0.59 0.66

[1] [7] 0.41 0.43 0.42 0.43

[1] [6] 0.53 0.64 0.55 0.64

(Amps) (Amps)

Maximum (peak) DC 3σ 1.11 1.67 1.17 1.67 Peak operating current (random write)

Typical DCX

Maximum DC 3σ 0.62 0.61 0.63 0.61

Maximum (peak) DC 3σ 1.25 1.76 1.25 1.76 Peak operating current (sequential read)

Typical DCX

Maximum DC 3σ 0.97 0.50 1.00 0.50

Maximum (peak) DC 3σ 1.11 0.72 1.19 0.72 Peak operating current (sequential write)

Typical DCX

Maximum DC 3σ 1.06 0.50 1.07 0.50

Maximum (peak) DC 3σ 1.25 0.68 1.27 0.68

0.58 0.60 0.59 0.60

0.94 0.49 0.96 0.49

1.02 0.49 1.03 0.49

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 23

Table 3: 1000GB drive (Standard & SED model) DC power requirements

3.0Gb mode 6.0Gb mode

Notes Voltage +5V +12V [4] +5V +12V [4] Regulation [5] ±5% ±5% [2] ±5% ±5% [2]

Avg idle current DCX Advanced idle current

Idle_A 0.37 0.28 0.41 0.28 Idle_B 0.21 0.24 0.22 0.24 Idle_C/ Standby_Y 0.21 0.15 0.22 0.15 Standby_Z 0.21 0.02 0.22 0.02

Maximum starting current

(peak DC) DC 3σ [5] 0.56 1.89 0.58 1.89

(peak AC) AC 3σ [5] 0.80 2.93 0.86 2.93 Delayed motor start (max) DC 3σ [1] [6] 0.34 0.03 0.37 0.03 Peak operating current (random read): Typical DCX

Maximum DC 3σ [1] 0.48 0.48 0.50 0.48

[1] [7] 0.39 0.28 0.41 0.28

[1] [6] 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.47

(Amps) (Amps)

Maximum (peak) DC 3σ 1.00 1.59 1.06 1.59 Peak operating current (random write)

Typical DCX

Maximum DC 3σ 0.54 0.40 0.55 0.40

Maximum (peak) DC 3σ 1.17 1.63 1.17 1.63 Peak operating current (sequential read)

Typical DCX

Maximum DC 3σ 0.88 0.30 0.90 0.30

Maximum (peak) DC 3σ 1.08 0.51 1.10 0.51 Peak operating current (sequential write)

Typical DCX

Maximum DC 3σ 0.95 0.30 0.96 0.30

Maximum (peak) DC 3σ 1.25 0.49 1.27 0.49

0.51 0.39 0.52 0.39

0.84 0.29 0.86 0.29

0.91 0.29 0.92 0.29

24 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

Table 4: 500GB drive (Standard & SED model) DC power requirements

3.0Gb mode 6.0Gb mode

Notes Voltage +5V +12V [4] +5V +12V [4] Regulation [5] ±5% ±5% [2] ±5% ±5% [2]

Avg idle current DCX Advanced idle current

Idle_A 0.41 0.21 0.43 0.21 Idle_B 0.23 0.19 0.24 0.19 Idle_C/ Standby_Y 0.23 0.12 0.24 0.12 Standby_Z 0.22 0.02 0.24 0.02

Maximum starting current

(peak DC) DC 3σ [5] 0.55 1.88 0.56 1.89

(peak AC) AC 3σ [5] 0.83 2.42 0.90 2.58 Delayed motor start (max) DC 3σ [1] [6] 0.35 0.03 0.38 0.03 Peak operating current (random read): Typical DCX

Maximum DC 3σ [1] 0.57 0.44 0.59 0.44

[1] [7] 0.42 0.21 0.43 0.21

[1] [6] 0.55 0.42 0.57 0.42

(Amps) (Amps)

Maximum (peak) DC 3σ 1.13 1.53 1.19 1.53 Peak operating current (random write)

Typical DCX

Maximum DC 3σ 0.63 0.35 0.64 0.35

Maximum (peak) DC 3σ 1.31 1.57 1.31 1.57 Peak operating current (sequential read)

Typical DCX

Maximum DC 3σ 0.98 0.24 1.01 0.24

Maximum (peak) DC 3σ 1.15 0.45 1.23 0.45 Peak operating current (sequential write)

Typical DCX

Maximum DC 3σ 1.07 0.24 1.08 0.24

Maximum (peak) DC 3σ 1.32 0.42 1.34 0.42

0.61 0.34 0.62 0.34

0.96 0.23 0.98 0.23

1.05 0.23 1.06 0.23

[1] Measured with average readin g DC am m et er. [2] Instantaneous +12V current peaks will exceed these values. [3] Power supply at nominal voltage. N (number of drives tested) = 6, 35 Degrees C ambient. [4] For +12 V, a –10% tolerance is allowed during initial spindle start but must return to ±5% before reaching

7200 RPM. The ±5% must be maintained after the drive signifies that its power-up sequence has been completed and that the drive is able to accept selection by the host initiator.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 25

[5] See +12V current profile in Figure 3. [6] This condition occurs after OOB and Speed Negotiation completes but before the drive has received the

Notify Spinup primitive.

[7] See paragraph 7.3.1, "Conducted noise immunity." Specified voltage tolerance includes ripple, noise, and

transient response.

[8] Operating condition is defined as random 8 block reads. [9] During idle, the drive heads are relocated every 60 seconds to a random location within the band from

three-quarters to maximum track.

General DC power requirement notes.

1. Minimum current loading for each su pply voltage is not less than 1.7% of the ma ximum operating curren t shown.

2. The +5V and +12V supplies should employ separate ground returns.

3. Where power is provided to multiple drives from a common supply, careful consideration for individual drive power requirements should be noted. Where multiple units are powered on simultaneously, the peak starting current must be available to each device.

4. Parameters, other than spindle start, are measured after a 10-minute warm up.

5. No terminator power.

7.3.1 Conducted noise immunity

Noise is specified as a periodic and random distribution of frequencies covering a band from DC to 10 MHz. Maximum allowed noise values given below are peak-to-peak measurements and apply at the drive power connector.

+5v = 250 mV pp from 100 Hz to 20 MHz. +12v = 800 mV pp from 100 Hz to 8 KHz.

450 mV pp from 8 KHz to 20 KHz. 250 mV pp from 20 KHz to 5 MHz.

7.3.2 Power sequencing

The drive does not require power sequencing. The drive protects against inadvertent writing during power-up and down.

26 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

7.3.3 Current profiles

The +12V (top) and +5V (bottom) current profiles for the Constellation ES drives are shown below.

Figure 1. 2TB model current profiles

Note: All times and currents are typical. See Table 2 for maximum current requirements.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 27

Figure 2. 1TB model current profiles

Note: All times and currents are typical. See Table 2 for maximum current requirements.

28 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

Figure 3. 500GB model current profiles

Note:

All times and currents are typical. See Table 2 for maximum current requirements.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 29

7.4 Power dissipation

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0 20406080100120140160

o w

(

w a

)

I/Os per S econd

ST 32000444SS CURRE NT/ P OW ER v s T HROUG HP UT ( SA S - 3. 0GB)

Random 8 Block Reads

12 Volt A Watts

2TB models in 3Gb operation

Please refer to Table 2 for power dissipation numbers. To obtain operating power for typical random read operations, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure

4). Locate the typical I/O rate for a drive in y our system on the horizontal axis and read the corresponding +5

volt current, +12 volt current, and total watts on the vertical axis. To calculate BTUs per hour, multiply watts by

3.4123.



5Volt A

Figure 4. 2TB models (3Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operatio ns per second

Note. For power details about SED vs. non-SED drive, please refer to section 7.8.

30 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

2TB models in 6Gb operation

Please refer to Table 2 for power dissipation numbers. To obtain operating power for typical random read operations, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure

5.). Locate the typical I/O rate for a drive in your system on the horizontal axis and read the corresponding +5 volt current, +12 volt current, and total watts on the vertical axis. To calculate BTUs per hour, multiply watts by

3.4123.

Figure 5. 2TB models (6Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second

For power details about SED vs. non-SED drive, please refer to section 7.8.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 31

1TB models in 3Gb operation

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

o w

r (

w a

s )

I/Os pe r S e cond

ST 31000424S S C URR ENT /P OW E R v s TH RO UG HPU T ( SA S - 3.0GB )

Ran do m 8 Blo ck Reads

5Volt A 12 Volt A Watts

Please refer to Table 2 for power dissipation numbers. To obtain operating power for typical random read operations, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure

6). Locate the typical I/O rate for a drive in y our system on the horizontal axis and read the corresponding +5

volt current, +12 volt current, and total watts on the vertical axis. To calculate BTUs per hour, multiply watts by

3.4123.



Figure 6. 1TB models (3Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operatio ns per second

Note. For power details about SED vs. non-SED drive, please refer to section 7.8.

32 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

1TB models in 6Gb operation

Please refer to Table 2 for power dissipation numbers. To obtain operating power for typical random read operations, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure

7.). Locate the typical I/O rate for a drive in your system on the horizontal axis and read the corresponding +5 volt current, +12 volt current, and total watts on the vertical axis. To calculate BTUs per hour, multiply watts by

3.4123.

Figure 7. 1TB models (6Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second

For power details about SED vs. non-SED drive, please refer to section 7.8.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 33

500GB models in 3Gb operation

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0 20406080100120140160180

o w

(

w a

)

I/Os per S econd

ST3500414SS CURRENT /POW ER vs THRO UGHP UT (SA S -3. 0GB)

Random 8 Block Reads

Please refer to Table 2 for power dissipation numbers. To obtain operating power for typical random read operations, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure

8). Locate the typical I/O rate for a drive in y our system on the horizontal axis and read the corresponding +5

volt current, +12 volt current, and total watts on the vertical axis. To calculate BTUs per hour, multiply watts by

3.4123.



5Volt A 12 Volt A Watts

Figure 8. 500GB models (3Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second

Note. For power details about SED vs. non-SED drive, please refer to section 7.8.

34 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

500GB models in 6Gb operation

Please refer to Table 2 for power dissipation numbers. To obtain operating power for typical random read operations, refer to the following I/O rate curve (see Figure

9.). Locate the typical I/O rate for a drive in your system on the horizontal axis and read the corresponding +5 volt current, +12 volt current, and total watts on the vertical axis. To calculate BTUs per hour, multiply watts by

3.4123.

Figure 9. 500GB models (6Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second

For power details about SED vs. non-SED drive, please refer to section 7.8.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 35

7.5 Environmental limits

HDA Temp.

Check Point

Temperature and humidity values experienced by the drive must be such that condensation does not occur on any drive part. Altitude and atmospheric pressure specifications are referenced to a standard day at 58.7°F (14.8°C). Maximum wet bulb temperature is 82°F (28°C).

7.5.1 Temperature

a. Operating

The drive meets the operating specifications over a 41°F to 140°F (5°C to 60°C) drive case temperature r

ange with a maximum temperature gradient of 36°F (20°C) per hour.

The maximum allowable drive case temperature is 60°C. See Figure 10 for HDA case temperature measurement location.

The MTBF specification for the drive assume case temperature. The rated MTBF is based upon a sustained case temperature of 104°F (40°C). Occasional excursions in operatin g temperature between the rated M TBF temperature and the maximum drive operating case temperature may occur without impact to the rated MTBF temperature. However, continual or sustained operation at case temperatures beyond the rated MTBF temperature will degrade the drive MTBF and reduce product reliability.

Air flow may be required to achieve consistent no firm that the required cooling is provided for the electr configuration, and perform random write/read operations. After the temperatures stabilize, measure the case temperature of the drive.

b. Non-operating

–40° to 158°F (–40° to 70°C) package ambient with a maximum gradient of 36°F (20°C) per hour. This spe

cification assumes that the drive is packaged in th e shipping cont ainer designed b y Seagate for use with

drive.

s the operating environment is designed to maintain nominal

minal case temperature values (see Section 11.2). To con-

onics and HDA, place the drive in its final mechanical

Figure 10. Location of the HDA temperature check point

Note. Image is for reference only, may not represent actual drive.

7.5.2 Relative humidity

The values below assume that no condensation on the drive occurs. a. Operating

5% to 95% non-condensing relative humidity with a maximum gradient of 20% per hour.

b. Non-operating

5% to 95% non-condensing relative humidity.

36 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

7.5.3 Effective altitude (sea level)

a. Operating

–200 to +10,000 feet (–61

to +3,048 meters)

b. Non-operating

–200 to +40,000 feet (–61 to +12,210 meters)

7.5.4 Shock and vibration

Shock and vibration limits specified in this document are measured directly on the drive chassis. If the drive is installed in an enclosure to which the stated shock and/or vibration criteria is applied, resona nces may occur internally to the enclosure resulting in drive movement in excess of the stated limits. If this situation is apparent, it may be necessary to modify the enclosure to minimize drive movement.

The limits of shock and vibration defined within this document are specified with the drive mounted by any of the four methods shown in Figure 11, and in accordance with the restrictions of Section 11.3.

7.5.4.1 Shock

a. Operating—normal

The drive, as installed for normal operation, shall oper ate e

rror free while subjected to intermittent shock not exceeding 70 Gs at a maximum duration of 2ms (half sinewave). Shock may be applied in the X, Y, or Z axis. Shock is not to be repeated more than once every 2 seconds.

b. Operating—abnormal

Equipment, as installed for normal operation, does not incur physical damage while su

bjected to intermittent shock not exceeding 40 Gs at a maximum duration of 11ms (half sinewave). Shock occurring at abnormal levels may promote degraded operational perform

ance during the abnormal shoc k period. Specified operational performance will continue when normal operating shock levels resume. Shock may be applied in the X, Y, or Z axis. Shock is not to be repeated more than once every 2 seconds.

c. Non-operating

The limits of non-operating shock shall apply to all conditions of h

andling and transportation. This includes

both isolated drives and integrated drives. The drive subjected to nonrepetitive shock not exceeding 80

wave) shall not exhibit device damage or performance de

Gs at a maximum duration of 11ms (half sine-

gradation. Shock may be applied in the X, Y, or Z

axis. The drive subjected to nonrepetitive shock not exceeding

300 Gs at a maximum duration of 2ms (half sine-

wave) does not exhibit device damage or performance degradation. Shock may be applied in the X, Y, or Z

is.

ax The drive subjected to nonrepetitive shock not exceeding

ewave) does not exhibit de vice dama ge

or performance degradation. Shock may be applied in the X, Y, or

200 Gs at a maximum duration of 0.5ms (half sin-

Z axis.

d. Packaged

Disc drives shipped as loose load (not p

alletized) general freight will be packaged to withstand drops from heights as defined in the table below. For additional details refer to Seagate specifications 30190-001 (under 100 lbs/45 kg) or 30191-001 (over 100 lbs/45 Kg).

Package size Packaged/product weight Drop height

<600 cu in (<9,800 cu cm) Any 60 in (1524 mm) 600-1800 cu in (9,800-19,700 cu cm) 0-20 lb (0 to 9.1 kg) 48 in (1219 mm) >1800 cu in (>19,700 cu cm) 0-20 lb (0 to 9.1 kg) 42 in (1067 mm) >600 cu in (>9,800 cu cm) 20-40 lb (9.1 to 18.1 kg) 36 in (914 mm)

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 37

Drives packaged in single or multipacks with a gross weight of 20 pounds (8.95 kg) or less by Seagate for

general freight shipment shall withstand a drop test from 48 inches (1,070 mm) against a concrete floor or equivalent.

Figure 11. Recommended mounting

Note. Image is for reference only, may not represent actual drive.

7.5.4.2 Vibration

a. Operating—normal

The drive as installed for normal operatio n, shall comply

with the complete specified performance while

subjected to continuous vibration not exceeding 5 - 22 Hz 0.25 Gs, limited displacement

22 - 350 Hz 0.5 Gs 350 - 500 Hz 0.25 Gs

Vibration may be applied in the X, Y, or Z axis.

b. Operating—abnormal

Equipment as installed for normal operation shall not incur vibration not exceeding:

15 minutes of duration at major resonant frequency

Vibration occurring at these levels may degrade opera

tional performance during the abnormal vibration

physical damage while subjected to periodic

period. Specified operational performance will continue when normal operating vibration levels are resumed. This assumes system recovery routines are available.

Operating abnormal translational random flat profile

5-500 Hz @ 0.75 G (X, Y, or Z axis)

38 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

c. Non-operating

The limits of non-operating vibration shall apply to all conditions of handling and transportation. This includes both isolated drives and integrated drives.

The drive shall not incur physical damage or degraded performance as a result of continuous vibration not exceeding

5 - 22 Hz 2 Gs (0 to peak, linear, swept sine, 0.5 octave/min) 22 - 350 Hz 5 Gs (0 to peak, linear, swept sine, 0.5 octave/min) 350 - 500 Hz 2 Gs (0 to peak, linear, swept sine, 0.5 octave/min)

Vibration may be applied in the X, Y, or Z axis.

7.5.5 Acoustics

Sound power during idle mode shall be 2.7 bels typical when measured to ISO 7779 specification. Sound power while operating shall be 3.0 bels typical when measured to ISO 7779 specification.

There will not be any discrete tones more than 10 dB above the masking noise on typical drives when measured according to Seagate specification 30553-001. There will not be any tones more than 24 dB above the masking noise on any drive.

7.5.6 Air cleanliness

The drive is designed to operate in a typical office environment with minimal environmental control.

7.5.7 Corrosive environment

Seagate electronic drive components pass accelerated corrosion testing equivalent to 10 years exposure to light industrial environments containing sulfurous gases, chlorine and nitric oxide, classes G and H per ASTM B845. However, this accelerated testing cannot duplicate every potential application environment.

Users should use caution exposin g any electronic c omponents to uncontrolled chemical pollutants and corrosive chemicals as electronic drive component reliability can be affected by the installation environment. The silver, copper, nickel and gold films used in Seagate products are especially sensitive to the presence of sulfide, chloride, and nitrate contaminants. Sulfur is found to be the most da maging. In addi tion, electronic comp onent s should never be exposed to condensing water on the surface of the printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) or exposed to an ambient relative humidity greater than 95%. Materials used in cabinet fabrication, such as vulcanized rubber, that can outgas corrosive compounds should be minimized or eliminated. The useful life of any electronic equipment may be extended by replacing materials near circuitry with sulfide-free alternatives.

7.5.8 Electromagnetic susceptibility

See Section 3.1.1.1.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 39

7.6 Mechanical specifications

Breather Hole

Refer to Figure 12 for detailed mounting configuration dimensions. See Section 11.3, “Drive mounting.”

Weight: .5TB models 1TB models 2TB models

1.34 lb

1.41 lb

1.57 lb

610 g 640 g 710 g

Note. Th

SFF-8323, found at

ese dimensions conform to the Small Form Factor Standard documented in SFF-8301 and

www.sffcommittee.org.

Figure 12. Mounting configuration dimensions

40 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

8.0 About FIPS

The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) Publication 140-2, FIPS PUB 140-2, is a U.S. government computer security standard used to accredit crypto gr aphic modules. It is titled “Security Requiremen ts for Cryptographic Modules”. The initial publicat ion was o n M ay 25, 2 001 a nd was la st upd ated Decemb er 3, 2002.

Purpose

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) issued the FIPS 14 0 Publication Series to coord inate the requirements and standards for cryptography modules that include both hardware and software components.

Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 140-2 Level 2 Certification requires drives to go through government agencies certifications to add requirements for physical tamper-evidence and role-based authentication.

Level 2 security

Level 2 improves upon the physical security mechanisms of a Level 1 (lowest level of security) cryptographic module by requiring features that show evidence of tampering, including tamper-evident coatings or seals that must be broken to attain physical access to th e plaintext cryptographic keys and critic al security parameters (CSPs) within the module, or pick-resistant locks on covers or doors to protect against unauthorized physical access.

Figure 13. Example of FIPS tamper evidence labels. Does not represent actual drive.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 41

9.0 About self-encrypting drives

Self-encrypting drives (SEDs) offer encryption and security services for the protection of stored data, commonly known as “protection of data at rest.” These drives are compliant with the Trusted Computing Group (TCG) Enterprise Storage Specifications as detailed in Section 3.2.

The Trusted Computing Group (TCG) is an organization sponsored and operated by companies in the computer, storage and digital communications industry. Seagate’s SED models comply with the standards published by the TCG.

To use the security features in the drive, the host must be capable of constructing and issuing the followin g two SCSI commands:

• Security Protocol Out

• Security Protocol In These commands are used to convey the TCG protocol to and from the drive in their command payloads.

9.1 Data encryption

Encrypting drives use one inline encryption engine for each port, emp loying AES-128 dat a encryption in Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode to encrypt all data prior to being written on the media and to decrypt all data as it is read from the media. The encryption engines are always in operation, cannot be disabled, and do not d etract in any way from the performance of the drive.

The 32-byte Data Encryption Key (DEK) is a random number which is genera ted by the dr ive, never leaves the drive, and is inaccessible to the host system. The DEK is itself encrypted when it is stored on the media and when it is in volatile temporary storage (DRAM) external to the encryption engine. A unique data encryption key is used for each of the drive's possible16 data bands (see Section 9.5).

9.2 Controlled access

The drive has two security partitions (SPs) called the "Admin SP" and the "Locking SP." These act as gatekeepers to the drive security services. Security-related commands will not be accepted unless they also supply the correct credentials to prove the requester is authorized to perform the command.

9.2.1 Admin SP

The Admin SP allows the drive's owner to enable or disable firmware download operations (see Section 9.4). Access to the Admin SP is available using the SID (Secure ID) password or the MSID (Makers Secure ID) password.

42 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

9.2.2 Locking SP

The Locking SP controls read/write access to the media and the cryptographic erase feature. Access to the Locking SP is available using the BandMasterX or EraseMaster passwords. Since the drive owner can define up to 16 data bands on the drive, each data band has its own password called BandMasterX where X is the number of the data band (0 through 15).

9.2.3 Default password

When the drive is shipped from the factory, all passwords are set to the value of MSID. This 32-byte random value is printed on the drive label and it can be read by the host electronically over the I/O. After receipt of the drive, it is the responsibility of the owner to use the default MSID password as the authority to change all other passwords to unique owner-specified values.

9.3 Random number generator (RNG)

The drive has a 32-byte hardware RNG that it is uses to derive encryption keys or, if requested to do so, to provide random numbers to the host for system use, including using these nu mbers as Authentication Keys ( p asswords) for the drive’s Admin and Locking SPs.

9.4 Drive locking

In addition to changing the passwords, as described in Section 9.2.3, the owner should also set the data access controls for the individual bands.

The variable "LockOnReset" should be set to "PowerCycle" to ensure that the data bands will be locked if power is lost. This scenario occurs if the drive is removed from its cabinet. The drive will not honor any data read or write requests until the bands have been unlocked. This prevents the user data from being accessed without the appropriate credentials when the drive has been removed from its cabinet and installed in another system.

When the drive is shipped from the factory, the firmware download port is locked and the drive will reject any attempt to download new firmware. Th e dr ive own er m ust us e th e SID cr ed en tia l to un loc k th e fir m wa re do wn load port before firmware updates will be accepted.

9.5 Data bands

When shipped from the factory, the drive is configured with a single data band called Band 0 (als o known as the Global Data Band) which comprises LBA 0 through LBA max. The host may allocate Band1 by specifying a start LBA and an LBA range. The r eal est a te for this band is t aken from the Global Band. An add itional 14 Dat a Bands may be defined in a similar way (Band2 through Band15) but before these bands can be allocated LBA space, they must first be individually enabled using the EraseMaster password.

Data bands cannot overlap but they can be sequential with one ba nd e ndi ng at LBA (x) and the ne xt b eginnin g at LBA (x+1).

Each data band has its own drive-generate d encryption key and it s own user-supplied p assword. The host may change the Encryption Key (see Section 9.6) or the password when required. The bands should be aligned to 4K LBA boundaries.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 43

9.6 Cryptographic erase

A significant feature of SEDs is the ability to perform a cryptographic erase. This involves the host telling the drive to change the data encryption key for a p ar ticu lar ban d. On ce chang ed , the data is no longer recoverable since it was written with one key and will be read using a different key. Since the drive overwrites the old key with the new one, and keeps no history of key changes, the user data can never be recovered. This is tantamount to an instantaneous data erase and is very useful if the drive is to be scrapped or redispositioned.

9.7 Authenticated firmware download

In addition to providing a locking mechanism to prevent unwanted firmware download attempts, the drive also only accepts download files which have been cryptographically signed by the appropriate Seagate Design Center.

Three conditions must be met before the drive will allow the download operation:

1. The download must be an SED file. A standard (base) drive (non-SED) file will be rejected.

2. The download file must be signed and authenticated.

3. As with a non-SED drive, the download file must pass the acceptance criteria for the drive. For example it must be applicable to the correct drive model, and have compatible revision and customer status.

9.8 Power requirements

9.9 Supported commands

The SED models support the following two commands in addition to the commands supported by the standard (non-SED) models as listed in Table 8:

• Security Protocol Out (B5h)

• Security Protocol In (A2h)

44 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

10.0 Defect and error management

Seagate continues to use innovative technologies to manage defects and errors. These technologies are designed to increase data integrity, perform drive self-maintenance, and validate proper drive operation.

SCSI defect and error managemen t involves drive internal defect/error management and SAS system error considerations (errors in communications between the initiator and the drive). In addition, Seagate provides the following technologies used to increase data integrity and drive reliability:

• Background Media Scan (see Section 10.4)

• Media Pre-Scan (see Section 10.5)

• Deferred Auto-Reallocation (see Section 10.6)

• Idle Read After Write (see Section 10.7) The read error rates and specified storage capacities are not dependent on host (initiator) defect management

routines.

10.1 Drive internal defects/errors

During the initial drive format operation at the factory, media defects are identified, tagged as being unusable, and their locations recorded on the drive primary defects list (referred to as the “P’ list and also as the ETF defect list). At factory format time, these known defects are also reallocated, that is, reassigned to a new place on the medium and the location liste d in the defects reallocation table. The “P” list is not altered after factory formatting. Locations of defects found and reallocated during error recovery procedures after drive shipment are listed in the “G” list (defects growth list). The “P” and “G” lists may be referenced by the initiator using the Read Defect Data command.

Details of the SCSI commands supported by the drive are described in the SAS Interface Manual. Also, more information on the drive Error Recovery philosophy is presented in the SAS Interface Manual.

10.2 Drive error recovery procedures

When an error occurs during drive operation, the drive, if pr ogrammed to do so, performs e rror recover y procedures to attempt to recover the dat a . The erro r reco very pro cedures us ed depen d on the o ptions prev iously set in the Error Recovery Parameters mode page. Error recovery and defect management may involve using several SCSI commands described in the SAS Interface Manual. The drive implements selectable error recovery time limits required in video applications.

The error recovery scheme supported by the drive provides a way to control the to tal error r ecovery time for the entire command in addition to controlling the recovery level for a single LBA. The total amount of time spent in error recovery for a command can be limited using the Recovery Time Limit bytes in the Error Recovery mode page. The total amount of time spent in error recovery for a single LBA can be limited using the Read Retry Count or Write Retry Count bytes in the Error Recovery mode page.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 45

The drive firmware error recovery algorithms consist of 12 levels for read recoveries and five levels for write. Each level may consist of multiple steps, where a step is defined as a recovery function involving a single reread or re-write attempt. The maximum level used by the drive in LBA recovery is determined by the read and write retry counts.

Table 5 equates the read and write retry count with the maximum possible recovery time for read and write recovery of individual LBAs. The times given do not include time taken to perform reallocations. Reallocations are performed when the ARRE bit (for reads) or AWRE bit (for writes) is one, the RC bit is zero, and the recovery time limit for the command has not yet been met. Time needed to perform reallocation is not counted against the recovery time limit.

When the RC bit is one, reallocations are disabled even if the ARRE or AWRE bits are one. The drive will still perform data recovery actions within the limits defined by the Read Retry Count, Write Retry Count, and Recovery Time Limit parameters. However, the drive does not report any unrecovered errors.

Table 5: Read and write retry count maximum recovery times

Maximum recovery time per

Read retry count

0 108.29 0 23.94 1 124.95 1 35.91 2 424.83 2 55.86 3 458.15 3 67.83 4 483.14 4 119.79 5 590.16 5 (default) 147.72 6 644.92

7711.56 8 898.54 9 1049.49 10 1116.13 11 1174.44 12 (default) 2311.47

LBA (cumulative, ms) Write retry count

Maximum recovery time per LBA (cumulative, ms)

Setting these retry counts to a value below the default setting could result in degradation of the unrecovered error rate. For example, suppose the read/wri te r ecover y p ag e has the RC bit = 0, the re ad retry co unt set to 4, and the recovery time limit set to 450. A 4-block read command can take up to 483.14ms recovery time for each block and a maximum of 450ms recovery for all four blo cks. If either of these limit s is reached an d a block has not yet been recovered, the command will end with Check Condition status and an unrecoverable read error will be reported.

10.3 SAS system errors

Information on the reporting of operational errors or faults across the interface is given in the SAS Interface Manual. The SSP Response returns information to the host about numerous kinds of errors or faults. The

Receive Diagnostic Results reports the results of diagnostic operations performed by the drive. Status returned by the drive to the initiator is described in the SAS Interface Manual. Status reporting plays a

role in systems error management and its use in that respect is described in sections where the various commands are discussed.

46 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

10.4 Background Media Scan

Background Media Scan (BMS) is a self-initiated media scan. BMS is defined in the T10 document SPC-4 available from the T10 committee. BMS performs sequential reads across the entire pack of the media while the drive is idle. In RAID arrays, BMS allows hot spare drives to be scann ed for defects prior to being pu t into service by the host system. On regular duty drives, if the host system makes use of the BMS Log Page, it can avoid placing data in suspect locations on the media. Unreadable and recovered error sites will be logged or reallocated per ARRE/AWRE settings.

With BMS, the host system can consume less power and system overhead by only checking BMS status and results rather than tying up the bus and consuming power in the process of host-i nitiated media scan ning activity.

Since the background scan functions are only done dur ing idle periods, BMS ca uses a negligible imp act to system performance. The first BMS scan for a newly manufactured drive is performed as quickly as possible to verify the media and protect data by setting the “Start time after idle” to 5ms, all subsequent scans begin after 500ms of idle time. Other features that normally use idle time to function will function normally because BMS functions for bursts of 800ms and then suspends activity for 100ms to allow other background functions to operate.

BMS interrupts immediately to service host commands from the interface bus while performing reads. BMS will complete any BMS-initiated error recovery prior to returning to service host-initiated commands. Overhead associated with a return to host-servicing activity from BMS only impacts the first command that interrupted BMS, this results in a typical delay of about 1 ms.

10.5 Media Pre-Scan

Media Pre-Scan is a feature that allows the drive to repair media errors that would otherwise have been found by the host system during critical data accesses early in the drive’s life. The default setting for Media Pre-Scan is enabled on standard products. Media Pre-Scan checks each write command to determine if the destination LBAs have been scanned by BMS. If the LBAs have been verified, the drive proceeds with the normal write command. If the LBAs have not been verified by BMS, Pre-Scan will convert the write to a write verify to certify that the data was properly written to the disc.

Note. During Pre-Scan write verify commands, write performance may decrease by 50% until Pre-Scan

completes. Write performance testing shou ld be performed after Pre-Scan is complete. Th is may be checked by reading the BMS status.

To expedite the scan of the full pack and subsequently exit from the Pre-Scan period, BMS will begin scanning immediately when the drive goes to idle during the Pre-Scan period. In the event that the drive is in a high transaction traffic environment and is unable to complete a BMS scan within 24 power on hours BMS will disable Pre-Scan to restore full performance to the system.

10.6 Deferred Auto-Reallocation

Deferred Auto-Reallocation (DAR) simplifies reallocation algorithms at the system level by allowing the drive to reallocate unreadable locations on a subsequent write command. Sites are marked for DAR during read operations performed by the drive. When a write command is received for an LBA marked for DAR, the auto-reallocation process is invoked and attempts to rewrite the data to the original location. If a verification of this rewrite fails, the sector is re-mapped to a spare location.

This is in contrast to the system having to use the Reassign Command to reassign a location that was unreadable and then generate a write command to rewrite the data. DAR is most effective when AWRE and ARRE are enabled—this is the default setting from the Seagate factory. With AWRE and ARRE disabled DAR is unable to reallocate the failing location and will report an error sense code indicating that a write command is being attempted to a previously failing location.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 47

10.7 Idle Read After Write

Idle Read After Write (IRAW) utilizes idle time to verify the integrity of recently written data. During idle periods, no active system requests, the drive reads recently written data from the media and compares it to valid write command data resident in the drives data buffer. Any sectors that fail the comp ariso n result in the invocation of a rewrite and auto-reallocation process. The process attempts to rewrite the data to the original location. If a verification of this rewrite fails, the sector is re-mapped to a spare location.

48 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

11.0 Installation

Constellation ES disc drive installation is a plug-and-play process. There are no jumpe rs, switches , or te rm inators on the drive.

SAS drives are designed to be used in a host system that provides a SAS-compatible backplane with bays designed to accommodate the drive. In such systems, the host system typically provides a carrier or tray into which you need to mount the drive. Mount the drive to th e carrier o r tray provided by the host system using four M3 x 0.5 metric screws. When tightening the screws, use a maximum torque of 4.5 in-lb +/- 0.45 in-lb. Do not over-tighten or force the screws. You can mount the drive in any orientation.

Note. SAS drives are designed to be attached to the host system without I/O or power cables. If you

intend the use the drive in a non-backplane host system, connecting the drive using high-quality cables is acceptable as long as the I/O cable length does not exceed 4 meters (13.1 feet).

Slide the carrier or tray into the appropriate bay in your host system using the instructions provided by the host system. This connects the drive directly to your system’s SAS connector. The SAS connector is normally located on a SAS backpanel. See Section 12.4.1 for additional information about these connectors.

Power is supplied through the SAS connector. The drive is shipped from the factory low-level formatted in 512-byte logical blocks. You need to reformat the

drive only if you want to select a different logical block size.

Figure 14. Physical interface

11.1 Drive orientation

The drive may be mounted in any orientation. All drive performance characterizations, however, have been done with the drive in horizontal (discs level) and vertical (drive on its side) orientations, which are the two preferred mounting orientations.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 49

11.2 Cooling

Above unit

Under unit

Note. Air flows in the direction shown (back to front)

or in reverse direction (front to back)

Above unit

Under unit

Note. Air flows in the direction shown or in reverse direction (side to side)

Cabinet cooling must be designed by the customer so that the ambient temperature immediately surro unding the drive will not exceed temperature conditions specified in Section 7.5.1, "Temperature."

The rack, cabinet, or drawer environment for the drive must provide heat removal from the electronics and head and disc assembly (HDA). You should confirm that adequate heat removal is provided using the temperature measurement guidelines described in Section 7.5.1.

Forced air flow may be r equired to keep temper atures a t or be low the temper atures s pecified in Section 7.5.1 in which case the drive should be oriented, or air flow directed, so that the least amount of air flow resistance is created while providing air flow to the electronics and HDA. Also, the shortest possible path between the air inlet and exit should be chosen to minimize the travel length of air heated by the drive and other heat sources within the rack, cabinet, or drawer environment.

If forced air is determined to be necessary, possible air-flow patterns are shown in Figure 15. The air-flow patterns are created by one or more fans, either forcing or drawing air as shown in the illustrations. Conduction, convection, or other forced air-flow patterns are acceptable as long as the temperature measurement guidelines of Section 7.5.1 are met.

Figure 15. Air flow

50 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

11.3 Drive mounting

K x X = F < 15lb = 67N

Mount the drive using the bottom or side mounting holes . If you mount the drive using the b ottom holes, ensure that you do not physically distort the drive by attempting to mount it on a stiff, non-flat surface.

The allowable mounting surface stiffness is 80 lb/in (14.0 N/mm) . The followin g equation and paragraph define the allowable mounting surface stiffness:

where K is the mounting surface stiffness (units in lb/in or N/mm) and X is the out-of-plane surface distortion (units in inches or millimeters). The out-of-plane distortion (X) is determined by defining a plane with three of the four mounting points fixed and evaluating the out-of-plane deflection of the fourth mounting point when a known force (F) is applied to the fourth point.

11.4 Grounding

Signal ground (PCBA) and HDA ground are connected together in the drive and cannot be separated by the user. The equipment in which the drive is mounted is connected directly to the HDA and PCBA with no electrically isolating shock mounts. If it is desired for the system chassis to not be connected to the HDA/PCBA ground, the systems integrator or user must provide a nonconductive (electrically isolating) method of mounting the drive in the host equipment.

Increased radiated emissions may result if you do not provide the maximum surface area ground connection between system ground and drive ground. This is the system designer’s and integrator’s responsibility.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 51

12.0 Interface requirements

This section partially describes the interface requirements as implemented on Constellation ES drives. Additional information is provided in the SAS Interface Manual (part number 100293071).

12.1 SAS features

This section lists the SAS-specific features supported by Constellation ES drives.

12.1.1 task management functions

Table 6 lists the SAS task management functions supported.

Table 6: SAS task management functions supported

Task name Supported

Abort Task Yes Clear ACA Yes Clear task set Yes Abort task set Yes Logical Unit Reset Yes Query Task Yes

12.1.2 task management responses

Table 7 lists the SAS response codes returned for task management functions supported.

Table 7: Task management response codes

Function name Response code

Function complete 00 Invalid frame 02 Function not supported 04 Function failed 05 Function succeeded 08 Invalid logical unit 09

52 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

12.2 Dual port support

Constellation ES SAS drives have two independent ports. These ports may be connected in the same or different SCSI domains. Each drive port has a unique SAS address.

The two ports have the capability of independent port clocking (e.g. both ports can run at 6Gb/s or the first port can run at 6Gb/s while the second port runs at 3Gb/s. The supported link rates are 1.5, 3.0, or 6.0 Gb/s.

Subject to buffer availability, the Constellation ES drives support:

• Concurrent port transfers—The drive supports receiving COMMAND, TASK management transfers on both

ports at the same time.

• Full duplex—The drive supports sending XFER_RDY, DATA and RESPONSE transfers while receiving

frames on both ports.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 53

12.3 SCSI commands supported

Table 8 lists the SCSI commands supported by Constellation ES drives.

Table 8: Supported commands

Command name Command code Supported

Change Definition 40h N Compare 39h N Copy 18h N Copy and Verify 3Ah N Format Unit [1] 04h Y DPRY bit supported N DCRT bit supported Y STPF bit supported Y IP bit supported Y DSP bit supported Y IMMED bit supported Y VS (vendor specific) N Inquiry 12h Y Date Code page (C1h) Y Device Behavior page (C3h) Y Firmware Numbers page (C0h) Y Implemented Operating Def page (81h) Y Jumper Settings page (C2h) Y Supported Vital Product Data page (00h) Y Unit Serial Number page (80h) Y Lock-unlock cache 36h N Log Select 4Ch Y PCR bit Y DU bit N DS bit Y TSD bit Y ETC bit N TMC bit N LP bit N Protocol-specific Log Page for SAS (18h) Y Log Sense 4Dh Y Application Client Log page (0Fh) Y Buffer Over-run/Under-run page (01h) N Cache Statistics page (37h) Y Factory Log page (3Eh) Y Information Exceptions Log page (2Fh) N

54 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

Table 8: Supported commands

Command name Command code Supported

Last n Deferred Errors or Asynchronous Events page (0Bh) N Last n Error Events page (07h) N Non-medium Error page (06h) Y Pages Supported list (00h) Y Read Error Counter page (03h) Y Read Reverse Error Counter page (04h) N Self-test Results page (10h) Y Start-stop Cycle Counter page (0Eh) Y Temperature page (0Dh) Y Verify Error Counter page (05h) Y Write error counter page (02h) Y Mode Select (same pages as Mode Sense 1Ah) 15h Y [2] Mode Select (10) (same pages as Mode Sense 1Ah) 55h Y Mode Sense 1Ah Y [2] Caching Parameters page (08h) Y Control Mode page (0Ah) Y Disconnect/Reconnect (02h) Y Error Recovery page (01h) Y Format page (03h) Y Information Exceptions Control page (1Ch) Y Notch and Partition Page (0Ch) N Protocol-Specific Port page (19h) Y Power Condition page (1Ah) Y Rigid Disc Drive Geometry page (04h) Y Unit Attention page (00h) Y Verify Error Recovery page (07h) Y Xor Control page (10h) N Mode Sense (10) (same pages as Mode Sense 1Ah) 5Ah Y Persistent Reserve In 5Eh Y Persistent Reserve Out 5Fh Y Prefetch 34h N Read (6) 08h Y Read (10) 28h Y DPO bit supported Y FUA bit supported Y Read (12) A8h N Read (16) 88h Y Read (32) 7Fh/0009h N Read Buffer (modes 0, 2, 3, Ah and Bh supported) 3Ch Y (non-SED drives only)

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 55

Table 8: Supported commands

Command name Command code Supported

Read Capacity (10) 25h Y Read Capacity (16) 9Eh/10h Y Read Defect Data (10) 37h Y Read Defect Data (12) B7h Y Read Long 3Eh Y (non-SED drives only) Read Long (16) 9Eh/11h Y Reassign Blocks 07h Y Receive Diagnostic Results 1Ch Y Supported Diagnostics pages (00h) Y Translate page (40h) Y Release 17h Y Release (10) 57h Y Report LUNs A0h Y Request Sense 03h Y Actual Retry Count bytes Y Extended Sense Y Field Pointer bytes Y Reserve 16h Y 3rd Party Reserve Y Extent Reservation N Reserve (10) 56h Y 3rd Party Reserve Y Extent Reservation N Rezero Unit 01h Y Search Data Equal 31h N Search Data High 30h N Search Data Low 32h N Security Protocol In A2h Y (SED models only) Security Protocol Out B5h Y (SED models only) Seek (6) 0Bh Y Seek (10) 2Bh Y Send Diagnostics 1Dh Y Supported Diagnostics pages (00h) Y Translate page (40h) Y Set Limits 33h N Star t Unit/Stop Unit (spindle ceases rotating) 1Bh Y Synchronize Cache 35h Y Synchronize Cache (16) 91h Y Test Unit Ready 00h Y

56 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

Table 8: Supported commands

Command name Command code Supported

Verify (1 0) 2 Fh Y BYTCHK bit Y Verify (1 2) AFh N Verify (1 6) AFh Y Verify (32) 7Fh/000Ah N Write (6) 0Ah Y Write (10) 2Ah Y DPO bit Y FUA bit Y Write (12) AAh N Write (16) 8Ah Y Write (32) 7Fh/000Bh N Write and Verify (10) 2Eh Y DPO bit Y Write and Verify (12) AEh N Write and Verify (16) 8Eh Y Write and Verify (32) 7Fh/000Ch N Write Buffer (modes 0, 2, supported) 3Bh Y (non-SED drives only) Write Buffer 3Bh Firmware Download option (modes 5, 7, Ah and Bh) [3] Y (non-SED drives only) Firmware Download option (modes 4, 5, 7) Y (SED drives only) Write Long (10) 3Fh Y Write Long (16) 9Fh/11h Y Write Same (10) 41h Y PBdata N LBdata N Write Same (16) 93h Y Write Same (32) 7Fh/000Dh N XDRead 52h N XDWrite 50h N XPWrite 51h N

[1] Constellation ES drives can format to 512, 520, 524 or 528 bytes per logical block. [2] Warning. Power loss during flash programming can result in firmware corruption. This usually makes the

drive inoperable. [3] Reference Mode Sense command 1Ah for mode pages supported. [4] Y = Yes. Command is supported.

N = No. Command is not supported.

A = Support is available on special request.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 57

12.3.1 Inquiry data

Table 9 lists the Inquiry command data that the drive should return to the initiator per the format given in the SAS Interface Manual.

Table 9: Constellation ES inquiry data

Bytes Data (hex)

0-15 00 00 xx** 12 8B 00 30 02 53 45 41 47 41 54 45 20 Vendor ID 16-31 [53 54 33 32 30 30 30 34 34 34 53 53} 20 20 20 20 32-47 R# R# R# R# S# S# S# S# S# S# S# S# 00 00 00 00 48-63 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 64-79 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80-95 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 96-111 00 43 6F 70 79 72 69 67 68 74 20 28 63 29 20 32* *Copyright 112-127 30* 30* 39* 20 53 65 61 67 61 74 65 20 41 6C 6C 20 128-143 72 69 67 68 74 73 20 72 65 73 65 72 76 65 64 20

* Copyright year (changes with actual year). ** SCSI Revision support. See the appropriate SPC release documentation for definitions. PP 10 = Inquiry data for an Inquiry command received on Port A.

30 = Inquiry data for an Inquiry command received on Port B. R# Four ASCII digits representing the last four digits of the product firmware release number. S# Eight ASCII digits representing the eight [ ] Bytes 16 through 26 reflect model of drive. The table above shows the hex values for Model ST3200

Refer to the values below for the values of bytes 16 through 26 of your particular model:

ST32000444SS 53 54 33 32 30 30 30 34 34 34 53 53

ST32000445SS 53 54 33 32 30 30 30 34 34 35 53 53

ST32000446SS 53 54 33 32 30 30 30 34 34 36 53 53

ST31000424SS 53 54 33 31 30 30 30 34 32 34 53 53

ST31000425SS 53 54 33 31 30 30 30 34 32 35 53 53

ST31000426SS 53 54 33 31 30 30 30 34 32 36 53 53

ST3500414SS 53 54 33 35 30 30 34 31 34 53 53

ST3500415SS 53 54 33 35 30 30 34 31 35 53 53

ST3500416SS 53 54 33 35 30 30 34 31 35 53 53

Product ID

notice

digits of the product serial number.

0444SS.

12.3.2 Mode Sense data

The Mode Sense command provides a way for the drive to report its operating parameters to the initiator. The drive maintains four sets of mode parameters:

1. Default values

Default values are hard-coded in the drive firmware stor

ed in flash E-PROM (nonvolatile memory) on the drive’s PCB. These default values can be changed only by downloading a complete set of new firmware into the flash E-PROM. An initiator can request and receive from the drive a list of default values and use those in a Mode Select command to set up new current and saved values, where the values are changeable.

2. Saved values

58 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

Saved values are stored on the drive’s media using a Mode Select command. Only parameter values that are allowed to be changed can be changed by this method. Parameters in the saved values list that are not changeable by the Mode Select command get their values from default values storage.

When power is applied to the drive, it takes saved values from the media and stores them as current values in volatile memory. It is not possible to change the current values (or the saved values) with a Mode Select command before the drive achieves operating speed and is “r ead y.” An attempt to do so results in a “Check Condition” status.

On drives requiring unique saved values, the required unique saved values are stored into the saved values storage location on the media prior to shipping the drive. Some drives may have unique firmware with unique default values also.

On standard OEM drives, the saved values are taken from the default values list and stored into the saved values storage location on the media prior to shipping.

3. Current values

Current values are volatile values being used by the drive to control its operation. A Mode Select command can be used to change the values identified as changeable values. Originally, current values are installed from saved or default values after a power on reset, hard reset, or Bus Device Reset message.

4. Changeable values

Changeable values form a bit mask, stored in nonvolatile memory, that dictates which of the current values and saved values can be changed by a Mode Select command. A one (1) indicates the value can be changed. A zero (0) indicates the value is not changeable. For example, in Table 81, in the row entitled “CHG.” These are hex numbers representing the changeable values for Mode page

81. Note in columns 5 and 6 (bytes 04 and 05), there is 00h which indicates that in bytes 04 and 05 none of the bits are changeable. Note also that bytes 06, 07, 09, 10, and 11 are not changeable, because those fields are all zeros. In byte 02, hex value FF equates to the binary pattern 11111111. If there is a zero in any bit position in the field, it means t hat bit is not changeable. Since all of the bits in byte 02 are ones, all of these bits are changeable.

The changeable values list can only be changed by downloading new firmware into the flash E-PROM.

10, refer to Mode page

Note. Because there are often several dif fere nt versions of drive contro l firmware in the tot al population of

drives in the field, the Mode Sense values given in the following tables may not exactly match those of some drives.

The following tables list the values of the data bytes returned by the d rive in response to the Mode Sense command pages for SCSI implementation (see the SAS Interface Manual ).

DEF = Default value. Standard OEM drives are shipped configured this way. CHG = Changeable bits; indicates if default value is changeable.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 59

Table 10: Mode Sense data changeable and default values for 2TB drives

MODE DATA HEADER: 01 92 00 10 00 00 00 08

BLOCK DESCRIPTOR: e8 e0 88 b0 00 00 02 00

MODE PAGES: DEF 81 0a c0 0b ff 00 00 00 05 00 ff ff CHG 81 0a ff ff 00 00 00 00 ff 00 ff ff

DEF 82 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 3a 00 00 00 00 CHG 82 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff 00 00 00 00

DEF 83 16 bb d0 00 00 00 00 03 80 04 c4 02 00 00 01 00 9c 00 26 40 00 00 00 CHG 83 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

DEF 84 16 03 cc a8 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 22 00 00 CHG 84 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

DEF 87 0a 00 0b ff 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff CHG 87 0a 0f ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff

DEF 88 12 14 00 ff ff 00 00 ff ff ff ff 80 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 CHG 88 12 a5 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

DEF 8a 0a 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 48 44 CHG 8a 0a 03 f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

DEF 18 06 06 00 00 00 00 00 CHG 18 06 00 00 00 00 00 00

DEF 99 0e 06 00 07 d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 CHG 99 0e 10 00 ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

DEF 9a 26 00 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 8c a0 00 00 17 70 00 00 46 50 00 00 46 50 00

00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

CHG 9a 26 01 0f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00

00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

DEF 9c 0a 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 CHG 9c 0a 9d 0f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

DEF 80 06 00 80 0f 00 00 00 CHG 80 06 b7 c0 8f 00 00 00

60 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

Table 11: Mode Sense data changeable and default values for 1TB drives

MODE DATA HEADER: 01 92 00 10 00 00 00 08

BLOCK DESCRIPTOR: 74 70 6d b0 00 00 02 00

MODE PAGES: DEF 81 0a c0 0b ff 00 00 00 05 00 ff ff CHG 81 0a ff ff 00 00 00 00 ff 00 ff ff

DEF 82 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 3a 00 00 00 00 CHG 82 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff 00 00 00 00

DEF 83 16 bb d0 00 00 00 00 03 80 04 c4 02 00 00 01 00 7e 00 26 40 00 00 00 CHG 83 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

DEF 84 16 03 cc a8 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 22 00 00 CHG 84 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

DEF 87 0a 00 0b ff 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff CHG 87 0a 0f ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff

DEF 88 12 14 00 ff ff 00 00 ff ff ff ff 80 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 CHG 88 12 a5 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

DEF 8a 0a 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 2b 5c CHG 8a 0a 03 f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

DEF 18 06 06 00 00 00 00 00 CHG 18 06 00 00 00 00 00 00

DEF 99 0e 06 00 07 d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 CHG 99 0e 10 00 ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

DEF 9a 26 00 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 8c a0 00 00 17 70 00 00 46 50 00 00 46 50 00

00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

CHG 9a 26 01 0f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00

00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

DEF 9c 0a 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 CHG 9c 0a 9d 0f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

DEF 80 06 00 80 0f 00 00 00 CHG 80 06 b7 c0 8f 00 00 00

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 61

Table 12: Mode Sense data changeable and default values for 500GB drives

MODE DATA HEADER: 01 92 00 10 00 00 00 08

BLOCK DESCRIPTOR: 3a 38 60 30 00 00 02 00

MODE PAGES: DEF 81 0a c0 0b ff 00 00 00 05 00 ff ff CHG 81 0a ff ff 00 00 00 00 ff 00 ff ff

DEF 82 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 3a 00 00 00 00 CHG 82 0e 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff 00 00 00 00

DEF 83 16 bb d0 00 00 00 00 03 80 04 c4 02 00 00 01 00 7e 00 26 40 00 00 00 CHG 83 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

DEF 84 16 03 cc a8 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 22 00 00 CHG 84 16 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

DEF 87 0a 00 0b ff 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff CHG 87 0a 0f ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff ff

DEF 88 12 14 00 ff ff 00 00 ff ff ff ff 80 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 CHG 88 12 a5 00 00 00 ff ff ff ff 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

DEF 8a 0a 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7f ff CHG 8a 0a 03 f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

DEF 18 06 06 00 00 00 00 00 CHG 18 06 00 00 00 00 00 00

DEF 99 0e 06 00 07 d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 CHG 99 0e 10 00 ff ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

DEF 9a 26 00 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 8c a0 00 00 17 70 00 00 46 50 00 00 46 50 00

00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

CHG 9a 26 01 0f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 00

00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

DEF 9c 0a 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 CHG 9c 0a 9d 0f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

DEF 80 06 00 80 0f 00 00 00 CHG 80 06 b7 c0 8f 00 00 00

62 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

12.4 Miscellaneous operating features and conditions

Table 13 lists various features and conditions. A “Y” in the support column indicates the feature or condition is supported. An “N” in the support column indicates the feature or condition is not supported.

Table 13: Miscellaneous features

Supported Feature or condition

N Automatic contingent allegiance N Asynchronous event notification N Synchronized (locked) spindle operation Y Segmented caching N Zero latency read Y Queue tagging (up to 64 queue tags supported) Y Deferred error handling Y Parameter rounding (controlled by Round bit in Mode Select page 0) Y Reporting actual retry count in Extended Sense bytes 15, 16, and 17 N Adaptive caching Y SMP = 1 in Mode Select command needed to save RPL and rotational offset bytes

Table 14: Miscellaneous status

Supported Status

YGood Y Check condition Y Condition met/good YBusy Y Intermediate/good Y Intermediate/condition met/good Y Reservation conflict Y Task set full NACA active N ACA active, faulted initiator

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 63

12.4.1 SAS physical interface

Figure 16 shows the location of the SAS device connector J1. Figures 17 and 18 provide the dimensions of the SAS connector.

Details of the physical, electrical, and logical characteristics are provided within this section. The operational aspects of Seagate’s SAS drives are provided in the SAS Interface Manual.

Figure 16. Physical interface

64 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

C OF DATUM B

5.08

1.27 (6X)

1.27 (14X)

15.875

0.35MIN

15.875

33.43 0.05

4.90 0.08

0.84 0.05 (22X)

0.15 B

P15

SEE Detail1

0.30 0.05 (4X)

4.00 0.08

0.15 D

0.30 0.05 (2X)

41.13 0.15

0.20

42.73 REF.

C OF DATUM D

1.10

R0.30 0.08 (4X)

2.00 (3X)

5.08

0.45 0.03 (7X)

0.10 M E

4.65

0.80 (6X)

7.625.92

0.52 0.08 x 45

Figure 17. SAS device plug dimensions

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 65

6.10

Detail A

0.30 0.05 x 45 (5X)

0.40 0.05 X 45 (3X)

CORING ALLOWED IN THIS AREA.

2.25 0.05

4.85 0.05

0.10

S14

4.40 0.15

SEE Detail 2

3.90 0.15

SECTION A - A

SECTION C - C

0.35 0.05

R0.30 0.08

1.95 0.08

0.08 0.05

1.23 0.05

0.08 0.05

Detail 2

CONTACT SURFACE FLUSH TO DATUM A 0.03

1.90 0.08

SECTION B - B

2.40 0.08

0.10 A

Figure 18. SAS device plug dimensions (detail)

66 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

12.4.2 Physical characteristics

This section defines physical interface connector.

12.4.3 Connector requirements

Contact your preferred connector manufacturer for mating part information. Part numbers for SAS connectors will be provided in a future revision of this publication when production parts are available from major connector manufacturers.

The SAS device connector is illustrated in Figures 17 and 18.

12.4.4 Electrical description

SAS drives use the device connector for:

• DC power

• SAS interface

• Activity LED This connector is designed to either plug dir

ectly into a backpanel or accept cables.

12.4.5 Pin descriptions

This section provides a pin-out of the SAS device and a description of the functions provided by the pins.

Table 15: SAS pin descriptions

Pin Signal name Signal type Pin Signal name Signal type

S1 Port A Ground P1* NC (reserved 3.3Volts) S2* +Port A_in D iff. input pair P2* NC (reserved 3.3Volts) S3* -Port A_in P3 NC (reserved 3.3Volts) S4 Port A Ground P4 Ground S5* -Port A_out Diff output pair P5 Ground S6* +Port A_out P6 Ground S7 Port A Ground P7 5 Volts charge S8 Port B Ground P8* 5 Volts S9* +Port B_in Diff. input pair P9* 5 Volts S10* -Port B_in P10 Ground S11 Port A Ground P11* Ready LED Open collector out S12* -Port B_out Diff output pair P12 Ground S13* +Port B_out P13 12 Volts charge S14 Port B Ground P14* 12 Volts

P15* 12 Volts

* - Short pin to support hot plugging NC - No connection in the drive.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 67

12.4.6 SAS transmitters an d re ce ivers

Receiver

Differential

Transfer Medium

.01

100100

Transmitter

A typical SAS differential copper transmitter and receiver pair is shown in Figure 19. The receiver is AC coupling to eliminate ground shift noise.

Figure 19. SAS transmitters and receivers

12.4.7 Power

The drive receives power (+5 volts and +12 volts) through the SAS device connector. Three +12 volt pins provide power to the drive, 2 short and 1 long. The current return for the +12 volt power

supply is through the common ground pins. The supply current and return current must be distributed as evenly as possible among the pins.

Three +5 volt pins provide power to the drive , 2 short and 1 long. The current return for the +5 volt power supply is through the common ground pins. The supply curre nt and re turn curr ent must be di stributed as evenly as possible among the pins.

Current to the drive through the long power pins may be limited by the system to reduce inrush current to the drive during hot plugging.

12.5 Signal characteristics

This section describes the electrical signal characteristics of the drive’s input and output signals. See Table 15 for signal type and signal name information.

12.5.1 Ready LED Out

The Ready LED Out signal is driven by the drive as indicated in Table 16.

Table 16: Ready LED Out conditions

Normal command activity LED status

Ready LED Meaning bit mode page 19h

Spun down and no activity Off Off Spun down and activity (command executing) On On Spun up and no activity On Off Spun up and activity (command executing) Off On Spinning up or down Blinks steadily

(50% on and 50% off, 0.5 seconds on and off for 0.5 seconds)

Format in progress, each cylinder change Toggles on/off

68 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

The Ready LED Out signal is designed to pull down the cathode of an LED. The anode is attached to the proper +3.3 volt supply through an appropriate current limiting resistor. The LED and the current limiting resistor are external to the drive. See Table 17 for the output characteristics of the LED drive signals.

Table 17: LED drive signal

State Test condition Output voltage

LED off, high 0 V LED on, low I

≤ VOH ≤ 3.6 V -100 µA < I

= 15 mA 0 ≤ VOL ≤ 0.225 V

< 100 µA

12.5.2 Differential signals

The drive SAS differential signals comply with the intra-enclosure (internal connector) requirements of the SAS standard.

Table 18 defines the general interface characteristics.

Table 18: General interface characteristics

Characteristic Units 1.5Gb/s 3.0Gb/s 6.0Gb/s

Bit rate (nominal) Mbaud 1,500 3,000 6,000 Unit interval (UI)(nominal) ps 666.6 333.3 166.6 Impedance (nominal, differential ) ohm 100 100 100 Transmitter transients, maximum V ± 1.2 ± 1.2 ± 1.2 Receiver transients, maximum V ± 1.2 ± 1.2 ± 1.2

12.6 SAS-2 Specification Compliance

Seagate SAS-2 drives are entirely compatible with the latest SAS-2 Specification (T10/1760-D) Revision 16. The most important characteristic of the SAS-2 drive at 6Gb/s is that the receiver is capable of adapting the

equalizer to optimize the receive margins. The SAS-2 drive has two types of equalizers:

1. A Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) which utilizes the standard SAS-2 training pattern transmitted dur-

ing the SNW-3 training gap. The DFE circuit can derive an optimal equalization characteristic to compensate for many of the receive losses in the system.

2. A Feed Forward Equalizer (FFE) op timized to provide balanced receive margins over a range of channels

bounded by the best and worst case channels as defined by the relevant ANSI standard.

12.7 Additional information

Please contact your Seagate representative for SAS electrical details, if required. For more information about the Phy, Link, Transport, and Applications layers of the SAS interface, refer to the

Seagate SAS Interface Manual, part number 100293071. For more information about the SCSI commands used by Seagate SAS drives, refer to the Seagate SCSI

Commands Reference Manual, part number 100293068.

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 69

70 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

Index

Numerics

12 volt

pins 68 5 volt pins 68 6 Gbps 69

abort task set function 52 AC coupling 68 AC power requirements 22 ACA active status 63 ACA active, faulted initiator status 63 acoustics 39 active LED Out signal 68 actuator 8

assembly design 6 adaptive caching 63 Admin SP 42 AES-128 data encryption 42 air cleanliness 39 air flow 50

illustrated 50 air inlet 50 altitude 37 ambient 36 ambient temperature 50 ANSI documents

SCSI 5

Serial Attached SCSI 5 asynchronous event notification 63 audible noise 3 Australian C-Tick 4 auto write and read reallocation

programmable 7 automatic contingent allegiance 63 average idle current 23, 24, 25 average rotational latency 10

Background Media Scan 47 backpanel 67 Band 0 43 BandMasterX 43 BMS 47 BSMI 4 buffer

data 7

space 12 busy status 63 bytes per surface 10 bytes per track 10

cache operation 12 cache segments 12 caching write data 13 Canadian Department of Communications 3 capacity

unformatted 10 CBC 42 CE Marking 4 check condition status 63 Cipher Block Chaining 42 class B limit 3 clear ACA function 52 clear task set function 52 commands supported 54 condensation 36 condition met/good status 63 connector

illustrated 67

requirements 67 continuous vibration 39 cooling 50 CRC

error 15 Cryptographic erase 44 C-Tick 4 Current profiles 27 customer service 20

DAR 47 Data Bands 43 data bands 42 data block size

modifing the 8 data buffer to/from disc media 11 Data encryption 42 Data Encryption Key 42 data heads

read/write 10 data rate

internal 10 data transfer rate 11 DC power 67

requirements 22 Decision Feedback Equalizer 69 decrypt 42 default MSID password 43 defect and error management 45 defects 45 Deferred Auto-Reallocation 47 deferred error handling 63 DEK 42 description 6

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 71

DFE 69 dimensions 40 disc rotation speed 10 drive 39 drive characteristics 10 Drive Locking 43 drive mounting 40, 51 drive select 67 dual port support 53

electrical

description of connector 67 signal characteristics 68

specifications 21 electromagnetic compatibility 3 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) 4 Electromagnetic Compatibility control Regulation 4 Electromagnetic compliance for the European Union

electromagnetic susceptibility 39 EMI requirements 3 encryption engine 42 encryption key 43 environment 50 environmental

limits 36

requirements 14 environmental control 39 EraseMaster 43 error

management 45

rates 14 errors 45 European Union 4

FCC rules and regulations 3 features 7

interface 52 feed forward equalizer 69 FFE 69 FIPS 41 firmware 7

corruption 57 firmware download port 43 flawed sector reallocation 7 Format command execution time 11 function

complete, code 00 52

not supported, code 05 52

reject, code 04 52

Global Data Band 43 Good status 63 gradient 36 ground shift noise 68 grounding 51

HDA 50, 51 head and disc assembly (HDA) 6 head and disc assembly. See HDA heads

read/write data 10 heat removal 50 heat source 50 host equipment 51 hot plugging the drive 15 humidity 36 humidity limits 36

Idle Read After Write 48 Idle1 21 Idle2 21 Idle3 21 inquiry data 58 installation 49

guide 5 interface

commands supported 54

error rate 14

errors 15

illustrated 64

physical 64

requirements 52 interleave

minimum 11 intermediate/condition met/good status 63 intermediate/good status 63 internal data rate 10 internal defects/errors 45 internal drive characteristics 10 IRAW 48

jumpers 49

KCC 4 Korean Communications Commission 4 Korean KCC 4

72 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

latency

average rotational 10, 11 Locking SP 42, 43 LockOnReset 43 logical block address 12 logical block reallocation scheme 7 logical block size 7, 11 logical segments 12

maintenance 14 Makers Secure ID 42 maximum delayed motor start 23, 24, 25 maximum start current 23, 24, 25 mean time between failure. See MTBF media description 7 Media Pre-Scan 47 minimum sector interleave 11 miscellaneous feature support

Adaptive caching 63

Asynchronous event notification 63

Automatic contingent allegiance 63

Deferred error handling 63

Parameter rounding 63

Queue tagging 63

Reporting actual retry count 63

Segmented caching 63

SMP = 1 in Mode Select command 63

Synchronized (locked) spindle operation 63

Zero latency read 63 miscellaneous status support

ACA active 63

ACA active, faulted initiator 63

Busy 63

Check condition 63

Condition met/good 63

Good 63

Intermediate/condition met/good 63

Intermediate/good 63

Reservation conflict 63

Task set full 63 miscorrected media data 14 Mode sense

data, table 58, 60, 61, 62 mounting 51

holes 51

orientations 49 mounting configuration 40 mounting configuration dimensions 40 MSID 42, 43 MTBF 14, 15

noise

audible 3 noise immunity 26 non-operating 36, 37, 39

temperature 36 non-operating vibration 39

office environment 39 operating 36, 37, 38 option selection 67 options 9 out-of-plane distortion 51

package size 37 packaged 37 parameter rounding 63 password 42, 43 passwords 43 PCBA 51 peak bits per inch 10 peak operating current 23, 24, 25 peak-to-peak measurements 26 performance characteristics

detailed 10

general 11 performance degradation 37 performance highlights 8 physical damage 39 physical interface 64 physical specifications 21 pin descriptions 67 power 68

dissipation 30

requirements, AC 22

requirements, DC 22

sequencing 26 Power Condition mode page 21 power distribution 3 power management 21 PowerChoice 21 PowerChoice reports 22 PowerCycle 43 prefetch/multi-segmented cache control 12 preventive maintenance 14 protection of data at rest 42

queue tagging 63

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 73

radio interference regulations 3 Random number generator 43 RCD bit 12 read error rates 14, 45 read/write data heads 10 receivers 68 recommended mounting 38 Recoverable Errors 14 recovered media data 14 reference

documents 5 relative humidity 36 reliability 8

specifications 14 reliability and service 15 repair and return information 20 reporting actual retry count 63 reservation conflict status 63 resonance 37 return information 20 RNG 43 RoHS 5 rotation speed 10

shipping 20 shipping container 36 shock 37

and vibration 37 shock mount 51 SID 42 signal

characteristics 68 single-unit shipping pack kit 9 SMART 8, 16 SMP = 1 in Mode Select command 63 SNW-3 training gap 69 standards 3 Standby1 21 Standby2 21 START STOP UNIT command 21 start/stop time 11 support services 1 surface stiffness

allowable for non-flat surface 51 switches 49 synchronized spindle

operation 63 system chassis 51

safety 3 SAS

interface 67 physical interface 64

task management functions 52 SAS documents 5 SAS Interface Manual 3, 5 SAS-2 specification compliance 69 SCSI interface

commands supported 54 Secure ID 42 security partitions 42 Security Protocol In 42 Security Protocol Out 42 seek error

defined 15

rate 14 seek performance characteristics 10 seek time

average typical 10

full stroke typical 10

single track typical 10 segmented caching 63 self-encrypting drives 42 Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology

8, 16

Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Interface Manual 2 shielding 3

Taiwanese BSMI 4 task management functions 52

Abort task set 52 Clear ACA 52 Clear task set 52 terminate task 52

task management response codes 52

Function complete 00 52 Function not supported 05 52

Function reject 04 52 task set full status 63 TCG 42 technical support services 1 temperature 36, 50

limits 36

non-operating 36

regulation 3

See also cooling terminate task function 52 terminators 49 tracks per inch 10 tracks per surface 10 transmitters 68 transporting the drive 20 Trusted Computing Group 42

unformatted 8

74 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

Unrecoverable Errors 14 unrecovered media data 14

vibration 37, 38, 39

warranty 20

zero latency read 63

Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F 75

76 Constellation ES Series SAS Product Manual, Rev. F

Seagate Technology LLC

920 Disc Drive, Scotts Valley, California 95066-4544, USA

Publication Number: 100602414, Rev. F

Seagate ST4000NM0063, ST4000NM0053, ST1000NM0063, ST3000NM0063, ST32000645NS User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

1.0 Seagate Technology support services

2.0 Scope

3.0 Applicable standards and reference documentation

3.1 Standards

3.1.1 Electromagnetic compatibility

3.1.1.1 Electromagnetic susceptibility

3.1.2 Electromagnetic compliance

3.1.3 European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)

3.2 Reference documents

4.0 General description

4.1 Standard features

4.2 Media description

4.3 Performance

4.4 Reliability

4.5 Formatted capacities

4.6 Programmable drive capacity

4.7 Factory-installed options

5.0 Performance characteristics

5.1 Internal drive characteristics

5.2 Seek performance characteristics

5.2.1 Access time

5.2.2 Format command execution time for 512-byte sectors (minutes)

5.2.3 General performance characteristics

5.3 Start/stop time

5.4 Prefetch/multi-segmented cache control

5.5 Cache operation

5.5.1 Caching write data

5.5.2 Prefetch operation

6.0 Reliability specifications

6.1 Error rates

6.1.1 Recov era b le Errors

6.1.2 Unrecoverable Errors

6.1.3 Seek errors

6.1.4 Interface errors

6.2 Reliability and service

6.2.1 Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) and Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)

6.2.2 Preventive maintenance

6.2.3 Hot plugging the drive

6.2.4 S.M.A.R.T.

6.2.5 Thermal monitor

6.2.6 Drive Sel f Test (DST)

6.2.6.1 DST failure definition

6.2.6.2 Implementation

6.2.7 Product warranty

7.0 Physical/electrical specifications

7.1 PowerChoiceTM power management

7.1.1 PowerChoice reporting methods

7.2 AC power requirements

7.3 DC power requirements

7.3.1 Conducted noise immunity

7.3.2 Power sequencing

7.3.3 Current profiles

7.4 Power dissipation

7.5 Environmental limits

7.5.1 Temperature

7.5.2 Relative humidity

7.5.3 Effective altitude (sea level)

7.5.4 Shock and vibration

7.5.4.1 Shock

7.5.4.2 Vibration

7.5.5 Acoustics

7.5.6 Air cleanliness

7.5.7 Corrosive environment

7.5.8 Electromagnetic susceptibility

7.6 Mechanical specifications

8.0 About FIPS

9.0 About self-encrypting drives

9.1 Data encryption

9.2 Controlled access

9.2.1 Admin SP

9.2.2 Locking SP

9.2.3 Default password

9.3 Random number generator (RNG)

9.4 Drive locking

9.5 Data bands

9.6 Cryptographic erase