Seagate DIAMONDMAX 16 User Manual

Maxtor DiamondMax16 60/80/120/160GB

Product Manual

October 16, 2003

Part Number: 1837

©

October 16, 2003 Maxtor Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.

This publication could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are
periodically made to the information herein – which will be incorporated in revised editions
of the publication. Maxtor may make changes or improvements in the product(s) described
in this publication at any time and without notice.

Maxtor and MaxFax

®

are registered trademarks of Maxtor Corporation, registered in the
U.S.A. and other countries. Maxtor DiamondMax16, AutoTransfer, AutoRead, AutoWrite,
DisCache, DiskWare, Defect Free Interface, and WriteCache are trademarks of Maxtor Cor­poration. All other brand names or trademarks are the property of their manufacturers.

Maxtor reserves the right to make changes and improvements to its products, without
incurring any obligation to incorporate such changes or improvements into units previously
sold or shipped.

This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licences restrict­ing its use, copying, distributing, and decompilation. No part of this product or document
may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Maxtor
and its licensors, if any.

RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the government is subject
to restrictions as set forth in subparagraphs (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and
Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 and FAR 52.227-19.

THIS PUBLICATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTIULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.

You can request Maxtor publications from your Maxtor Sales Representative or order them
directly from Maxtor.

Publication Number: Part Number: 1837

Before You Begin Thank you for your interest in Maxtor hard disk drives. This manual

provides technical information for OEM engineers and systems integrators regarding the
installation and use of Maxtor hard drives. Drive repair should be performed only at an
authorized repair center. For repair information, contact the Maxtor Product Support Center

at 1-800-2MAXTOR.

CAUTION: Maxtor hard drives are precision products. Failure to follow these precautions

and guidelines outlined here may lead to product failure, damage and invalidation
of all warranties.

1 BEFORE unpacking or handling a drive, take all proper electrostatic discharge

(ESD) precautions, including personnel and equipment grounding. Stand-alone
drives are sensitive to ESD damage.

2 BEFORE removing drives from their packing material, allow them to reach room

temperature.

3 During handling, NEVER drop, jar, or bump a drive.

4 Once a drive is removed from the Maxtor shipping container, IMMEDIATELY

secure the drive through its mounting holes within a chassis. Otherwise, store
the drive on a padded, grounded, antistatic surface.

5 NEVER switch DC power onto the drive by plugging an electrically live DC source

cable into the drive's connector. NEVER connect a live bus to the drive's inter­face connector.

6 ELECTRICAL GROUNDING - For proper operation, the drive must be securely fas-

tened to a device bay that provides a suitable electrical ground to the drive base­plate.

Please do not remove or cover up Maxtor factory-installed drive labels. They contain infor­mation required should the drive ever need repair.

Thank you for your interest in Maxtor hard disk drives. This manual provides technical infor­mation for OEM engineers and systems integrators regarding the installation and use of
Maxtor hard drives. Drive repair should be performed only at an authorized repair center. For
repair information, contact the Maxtor Customer Service Center at 800-2MAXTOR or

1-303-678-2015.

Corporate Headquarters:

500 McCarthy Blvd.
Milpitas, California 95035
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Table of Contents

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Maxtor Corporation .................................................................................................. 1-1

1.2 Manual Organization................................................................................................. 1-1

1.3 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................ 1-2

1.4 Conventions.............................................................................................................. 1-2

Chapter 2
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Product Overview..................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 Key Features.............................................................................................................. 2-1

2.3 Product Features........................................................................................................ 2-2

2.4 Cache Management................................................................................................... 2-5

2.5 Major HDA Components.......................................................................................... 2-5

2.6 Subsystem Configuration........................................................................................... 2-7

2.7 Cylinder Limitation Jumper Description.................................................................... 2-8

Chapter 3
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

3.1 Models and Capacities ............................................................................................... 3-1

3.2 Drive Configuration.................................................................................................. 3-2

3.3 Performance Specifications ........................................................................................ 3-3

3.4 Physical Dimensions .................................................................................................. 3-3

3.5 Power Requirements................................................................................................. 3-5

3.6 Power Mode Definitions ........................................................................................... 3-5

3.7 EPA Energy Star Compliance.................................................................................... 3-5

3.8 Environmental Limits ................................................................................................ 3-6

3.9 Shock and Vibration.................................................................................................. 3-6

3.10 Reliability Specifications............................................................................................ 3-7

3.11 EMC/EMI................................................................................................................ 3-8

3.11.1 Radiated Electromagnetic Field Emissions - EMC Compliance ........................3-8

3.11.2 Canadian Emissions Statement .......................................................................... 3-8

3.12 Safety Regulatory Compliance .................................................................................. 3-8

Maxtor DiamondMax16 60/80/120/160GB i

Table of Contents

Chapter 4
HANDLING AND INSTALLATION

4.1 Hard Drive Handling Precautions .............................................................................. 4-1

4.2 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)..................................................................................... 4-1

4.3 Unpacking and Inspection ......................................................................................... 4-2

4.4 Repacking ................................................................................................................. 4-5

4.5 Physical Installation.................................................................................................... 4-5

Chapter 5
ATA BUS INTERFACE AND ATA COMMANDS

5.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 6-1

5.2 MECHANICAL INTERFACE ................................................................................ 6-1

5.2.1 Signal Cable and Connector ..............................................................................6-1

5.3 ELECTRICAL INTERFACE................................................................................... 6-1

5.3.1 ATA Bus Interface ............................................................................................6-1

5.4 REGISTER ADDRESS DECODING ..................................................................... 6-2

5.5 COMMAND INTERFACE..................................................................................... 6-2

5.5.1 General Feature Set ...........................................................................................6-2

5.5.2 Supported Commands ......................................................................................6-2

Chapter 6
SERVICE AND SUPPORT

6.1 Product Support/Technical Assistance/Customer Service............................................ 6-1

Appendix A
BREAKING THE 137 GIGABYTE STORAGE BARRIER

A.1 Breaking the 137 Gigabyte Storage Barrier................................................................ A-1

A.1.1 History ............................................................................................................ A-1

A.1.2 Solving the 137 Gigabyte Capacity Barrier ....................................................... A-3

A.1.3 How is the Extension Implemented? ................................................................ A-3

A.1.4 What Do the Drives Need to Meet the Spec? ..................................................A-3

A.1.5 What Else is Involved? ..................................................................................... A-3

A.1.6 What is the Next Barrier? ................................................................................ A-4

ii Maxtor DiamondMax16 60/80/120/160GB

List of Figures

Figure 2-1 PCBA Jumper Location and Configuration ................................................... 2-6

Figure 3-1 Outline and Mounting Dimensions .............................................................. 3-4

Figure 4-1 Single Pack Shipping Container .................................................................... 4-3

Figure 4-2 20-Pack Shipping Container ......................................................................... 4-4

iii Maxtor DiamondMax16 60/80/120/160GB

1.1 Maxtor Corporation

Maxtor Corporation has been providing high-quality computer storage products since

1982. Along the way, we’ve seen many changes in data storage needs. Not long ago,
only a handful of specific users needed more than a couple hundred megabytes of
storage. Today, downloading from the Internet and CD-ROMs, multimedia,
networking and advanced office applications are driving storage needs even higher.
Even home PC applications need capacities measured in gigabytes, not megabytes.

Products

Maxtor’s products meet the demanding data storage capacity requirements of today
and tomorrow. They are available in 5400 and 7200 RPM configurations with
capacity offerings up to 300GB. The Maxtor DiamondMax16 drive family is a 5400
RPM hard drive with capacities from 60 GB to 160 GB.

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Support

Maxtor provides a variety of customer support options, all designed to make sure the
user gets fast, helpful, accurate information to help resolve any difficulties. These
options include a broad, searchable knowledge base of FAQ’s, product manuals,
installation guides, information on previously resolved problems, software downloads,
and contact by phone or E-mail with a support person. For more information, visit

www.maxtor.com

1.2 Manual Organization

This hard disk drive reference manual is organized in the following method:

Chapter 1–Introduction
Chapter 2–Product Description
Chapter 3–Product Specifications
Chapter 4–Handling and Installation
Chapter 5–ATA Bus Interface and ATA Commands
Chapter 6–Service and Support
Appendix A–Breaking the 137GB Storage Barrier

Maxtor DiamondMax16 60/80/120/160GB 1-1

Introduction

1.3 Abbreviations

Abbreviation Description Abbreviation Description

ATA AT attachment MB megabyte

bpi bits per inch Mbits/sec megabits per second

CHS cylinder - head - sector MB/sec megabytes per second

DA double amplitude (repre-

sents pk-pk shaker dis­placement)

db decibels MHz megahertz

dBA decibels, A weighted ms millisecond

DMA direct memory access MSB most significant bit

ECC error correction code mV millivolts

fci flux changes per inch ns nanoseconds

G acceleration PIO programmed input/output

GB gigabyte RPM revolutions per minute

Hz hertz tpi tracks per inch

KB kilobyte UDMA ultra direct memory

access

LBA logical block address(ing) µsec microsecond

LSB least significant bit V volts

mA milliamperes W watts

1.4 Conventions

If there is a conflict between text and tables, the table shall be accepted as being
correct.

Key Words

The names of abbreviations, commands, fields and acronyms used as signal names are
in all uppercase type (e.g., IDENTIFY DRIVE). Fields containing only one bit are
usually referred to as the “name” bit instead of the “name” field.

Names of drive registers begin with a capital letter (e.g., Cylinder High register).

Numbering

Numbers that are not followed by a lowercase “b” or “h” are decimal values.
Numbers that are followed by a lowercase “b” (e.g., 01b) are binary values. Numbers
that are followed by a lowercase “h” (e.g., 3Ah) are hexadecimal values.

1-2 Maxtor DiamondMax16 60/80/120/160GB

Signal Conventions

Signal names are shown in all uppercase type.

All signals are either high active or low active signals. A dash character (-) at the end
of a signal name indicates that the signal is low active. A low active signal is true when
it is below ViL and is false when it is above ViH. A signal without a dash at the end
indicates that the signal is high active. A high active signal is true when it is above ViH
and is false when it is below ViL.

When a signal is asserted, it means the signal is driven by an active circuit to its true
state.

When a signal is negated, it means the signal is driven by an active circuit to its false
state.

When a signal is released, it means the signal is not actively driven to any state. Some
signals have bias circuitry that pull the signal to either a true or false state when no
signal driver is actively asserting or negating the signal. These instances are noted
under the description of the signal.

Introduction

Maxtor DiamondMax16 60/80/120/160GB 1-3

The chapter summarizes the general functions and key features of the DiamondMax
16 60/80/120/160 hard disk drive, as well as the applicable standards and
regulations.

2.1 Product Overview

Maxtor hard disk drives are 1-inch high, 3.5-inch diameter random access storage
devices which incorporate an on-board Ultra ATA/133 interface controller. High
capacity is achieved by a balanced combination of high areal recording density and
the latest data encoding and servo techniques.

Maxtor's latest advancements in electronic packaging and integration methods have
lowered the drive's power consumption and increased its reliability.

Exceptional data transfer rates, 5400 RPM spin speed and 12.6 ms access times make
these entry-class disk drives ideally-suited to desktop storage and consumer
electronics applications.

Chapter 2

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

2.2 Key Features

• ANSI ATA-5/6 compliant PIO Mode 4 interface (Enhanced IDE)

• Supports ATA-6 UltraDMA Mode 5 (100 MBytes/sec) and Maxtor
Ultra ATA/133 MBytes/second data transfer rates

• Supports 48-bit addressing

• 2 MB buffer with multi-adaptive cache manager

• 5400 RPM spin speed

• 12.6 ms seek time

• Zone density and ID-less recording

• Outstanding shock resistance at 300 Gs

•High durability with 50K contact start/stop cycles

• Advanced multi-burst on-the-fly Error Correction Code (ECC)

• Extended data integrity with ECC protected data and fault tolerant servo
synchronization fields

• Supports EPA Energy Star Standards (Green PC Friendly) with ATA
powering savings commands

Maxtor DiamondMax16 60/80/120/160GB 2-1

Product Description

• Auto park and lock actuator mechanism

• Low power consumption

• Maxtor Quiet Drive Technology

• SMART Capability

Note: Maxtor defines 1 Gigabyte (GB) as 10

Total accessible capacity varies depending on operating environment.

2.3 Product Features

Functional/Interface

Maxtor hard drives contain all necessary mechanical and electronic parts to interpret
control signals and commands from an AT-compatible host computer. See Chapter 3
Product Specifications, for complete drive specifications.

Zone Density Recording

The disk capacity is increased with bit density management – common with Zone
Density Recording. Each disk surface is divided into 16 circumferential zones. All
tracks within a given zone contain a constant number of data sectors. The number
of data sectors per track varies in different zones; the outermost zone contains the
largest number of data sectors and the innermost contains the fewest.

9

or 1,000,000,000 bytes of data.

Read/Write Multiple Mode

This mode is implemented per ANSI ATA/ATAPI-6 specification. Read/Write
Multiple allows the host to transfer a set number of sectors without an interrupt
request between them, reducing transfer process overhead and improving host
performance.

UltraDMA-Mode 5

Maxtor hard drives fully comply with the new ANSI Ultra DMA protocol, which
greatly improves overall AT interface performance by significantly improving burst
and sustained data throughput.

Multi-word DMA-Mode 2

Supports multi-word Direct Memory Access (DMA) mode transfers.

Quiet Drive Technology

Maxtor Quiet Drive technology provides users with the lowest possible noise levels
and best overall sound quality from their drives.

Sector Address Translation

All Maxtor hard drives feature a universal translate mode. In an AT/EISA-class
system, the drive may be configured to any specified combination of cylinders,
heads and sectors (within the range of the drive's formatted capacity). Maxtor hard
drives power-up in a translate mode.

2-2 Maxtor DiamondMax16 60/80/120/160GB

Product Description

MODELS CYL HD SPT MAX LBA CAPACITY

4R060J0/L0 119,150 16 63 120,103,200 60GB

4R080J0/L0 158,816 16 63 160,086,528 80GB

4R120L0 238,216 16 63 240,121,728 120GB

4R160L0
4A160J0

317,632 16 63 320,173,056 160GB

Logical Block Addressing

The Logical Block Address (LBA) mode can only be utilized i n systems that support
this form of translation. The cylinder, head and sector geometry of the drive, as
presented to the host, differs from the actual physical geometry. The host AT
computer may access a drive of set parameters: number of cylinders, heads and
sectors per track, plus cylinder, head and sector addresses. However, the drive can’t
use these host parameters directly because of zoned recording techniques. The drive
translates the host parameters to a set of logical internal addresses for data access.

The host drive geometry parameters are mapped into an LBA based on this formula:

LBA = (HSCA - 1) + HHDA x HSPT + HNHD x HSPT x HCYA

= (HSCA - 1) + HSPT x (HHDA + HNHD x HCYA)

where HSCA = Host Sector Address, HHDA = Host Head Address

HCYA = Host Cylinder Address, HNHD = Host Number of Heads
HSPT = Host Sectors per Track

The LBA is checked for violating the drive capacity. If it does not, the LBA is
converted to physical drive cylinder, head and sector values. The physical address is
then used to access or store the data on the disk and for other drive related
operations.

Defect Management Zone (DMZ)

Each drive model has a fixed number of spare sectors per drive, all of which are
located at the end of the drive. Upon detection of a bad sector that has been
reassigned, the next sequential sector is used.

For example, if sector 3 is flagged, data that would have been stored there is “pushed
down” and recorded in sector 4. Sector 4 then effectively becomes sector 3, as
sequential sectors are “pushed down” across the entire drive. The first spare sector
makes up for the loss of sector 3, and so maintains the sequential order of data. This
push down method assures maximum performance.

On-the-Fly Hardware Error Correction Code (ECC)

>24 symbols, single burst, guaranteed

Maxtor DiamondMax16 60/80/120/160GB 2-3

Product Description

Software ECC Correction

24 symbols, single burst, guaranteed

Automatic Park and Lock Operation

Immediately following power down, dynamic braking of the spinning disks delays
momentarily allowing the read/write heads to move to an inner mechanical stop. A
small fixed magnet holds the rotary actuator in place as the disk spins down. The
rotary actuator is released only when power is again applied.

2.4 Cache Management

Buffer Segmentation

The data buffer is organized into two segments: the data buffer and the micro
controller scratch pad. The data buffer is dynamically allocated for read and write
data depending on the commands received. A variable number of read and write
buffers may exist at the same time.

Read-Ahead Mode

Normally, this mode is active. Following a read request, disk read-ahead begins on
the first sector and continues sequentially until the allocated buffer is full. If a read
request is received during the read-ahead operation, the buffer is examined to
determine if the request is in the cache. If a cache hit occurs, read-ahead mode
continues without interruption and the host transfer begins immediately.

Automatic Write Reallocation (AWR)

This feature is part of the write cache and reduces the risk of data loss during
deferred write operations. If a disk error occurs during the disk write process, the
disk task stops and the suspect sector is reallocated to a pool of alternate sectors
located at the end of the drive. Following reallocation, the disk write task continues
until it is complete.

Write Cache Stacking

Normally, this mode is active. Write cache mode accepts the host write data into
the buffer until the buffer is full or the host transfer is complete. A command
complete interrupt is generated at the end of the transfer.

A disk write task begins to store the host data to disk. Host write commands
continue to be accepted and data transferred to the buffer until either the write
command stack is full or the data buffer is full. The drive may reorder write
commands to optimize drive throughput.

2-4 Maxtor DiamondMax16 60/80/120/160GB

2.5 Major HDA Components

Drive Mechanism

A brushless DC direct drive motor rotates the spindle at 5400 RPM (±0.1%). The
dynamically balanced motor/spindle assembly ensures minimal mechanical run-out
to the disks. A dynamic brake provides a fast stop to the spindle motor upon power
removal. The speed tolerance includes motor performance and motor circuit
tolerances.

Rotary Actuator

All Maxtor hard drives employ a rotary voice coil actuator which consists of a
moving coil, an actuator arm assembly and stationary magnets. The actuator moves
on a low-mass, low-friction center shaft. The low friction contributes to fast access
times and low power consumption.

Read/Write Electronics

An integrated circuit mounted within the sealed head disk assembly (near the read/
write heads) provides up to eight head selection depending on the model. It also
provides read pre-amplification and write drive circuitry.

Read/Write Heads and Media

Product Description

Low mass, low force giant magneto-resistive read/write heads record data on

3.5 inch diameter disks. Maxtor uses a sputtered thin film medium on all disks for
Maxtor hard drives.

Air Filtration System

All Maxtor hard drives are assembled in a Class 100 controlled environment. Over
the life of the drive, a 0.1 micron filter and breather filter located within the sealed
head disk assembly (HDA) maintain a clean environment to the heads and disks.
Maxtor drives are designed to operate in a typical office environment with
minimum environmental control.

Microprocessor

The microprocessor controls the following functions for the drive electronics:

• Command execution

• Cache management

• Data correction and error recovery

• Diagnostic execution

• Data sequencing

• Head positioning (including error recovery)

• Host interface

• Index detection

• Spin speed control

• Seeks

Maxtor DiamondMax16 60/80/120/160GB 2-5

Product Description

•Servo

•SMART

•48-bit addressing

2.6 Subsystem Configuration

Dual Drive Support

Two drives may be accessed via a common interface cable, using the same range of
I/O addresses. The drives have a jumper configuration as device 0 or 1 (Master/
Slave), and are selected by the drive select bit in the Device/Head register of the
task file.

All Task File registers are written in parallel to both drives. The interface processor
on each drive decides whether a command written to it should be executed; this
depends on the type of command and which drive is selected. Only the drive
selected executes the command and activates the data bus in response to host I/O
reads; the drive not selected remains inactive.

A master/slave relationship exists between the two drives: device 0 is the master and
device 1 the slave. When the Master is closed (factory default, figure 2-1), the drive
assumes the role of master; when open, the drive acts as a slave. In single drive
configurations, the Master jumper must be closed.

Cable Select Option

CSEL (cable select) is an optional feature per ANSI ATA specification. Drives
configured in a multiple drive system are identified by CSEL’s value:

– If CSEL is grounded, then the drive address is 0.
– If CSEL is open, then the drive address is 1.

+12VDC

+12VDC return

+5VDC return

+5VDC

Pin 1

ATA Interface Connector

Pin 40

Figure 2-1 PCBA Jumper Location and Configuration

J41

J42

Power
Connector

2-6 Maxtor DiamondMax16 60/80/120/160GB