Seagate 4096, SED FIPS140-2, ST1000NX0363, ST1000NX0333, ST1000NX0373 User Manual
...
Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD
SAS Product Manual
4096
Native
512
Emulation
512
Native
Standard
Models
ST2000NX0263
ST1000NX0323
ST2000NX0273
ST1000NX0333
ST2000NX0433
ST1000NX0453
Self-Encrypting
Drive Models
ST2000NX0323
ST1000NX0363
ST2000NX0343
ST1000NX0373
SED FIPS140-2
Models
ST2000NX0333
ST2000NX0353
100751316, Rev. D
July 2015
Document Revision History
Revision Date Description of Change
Rev. A 07/31/2014 Initial release.
Pages - fc, bc, 8, 17, 23-24 & 43: Applied new logo, applied new page numbering convention, deleted Index
Rev. B 01/29/2015
Rev. C 02-09-2015 Pages 11 & 16-17: Corrected AFR value to 0.44%
Rev. D 07-06-2015
[no longer needed], removed “Canadian Department of Communications”, changed MTBF to 2M, changed to
"Maximum Rated Workload" & updated Workload text, delete text in Section 5.2.1, updated DC power tables
& added Sanitize (Overwrite) command.
Page FC: Applied new cover design/layout.
Pages FC, 7, 10, 12-13, 27 & 38: Added 512N models & specs and 512N as needed.
Page 44: Added 512 Native to table note
Pages 45: added models to Inquiry Data
Pages 47-48: Mode Sense page 83 edits
© 2015 Seagate Technology LLC. All rights reserved.
Publication number: 100751316, Rev. D July 2015
Seagate, Seagate Technology and the Spiral logo are registered trademarks of Seagate Technology LLC in the United States and/or
other countries. Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 and SeaTools are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Seagate Technology
LLC or one of its affiliated companies in the United States and/or other countries. The FIPS logo is a certification mark of NIST, which
does not imply product endorsement by NIST, the U.S., or Canadian governments. All other trademarks or registered trademarks are
the property of their respective owners.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission of Seagate Technology LLC.
Call 877-PUB-TEK1 (877-782-8351) to request permission.
When referring to drive capacity, one gigabyte, or GB, equals one billion bytes and one terabyte, or TB, equals one trillion bytes. Your
computer’s operating system may use a different standard of measurement and report a lower capacity. In addition, some of the listed
capacity is used for formatting and other functions, and thus will not be available for data storage. Actual quantities will vary based on
various factors, including file size, file format, features and application software. Actual data rates may vary depending on operating
environment and other factors. The export or re-export of hardware or software containing encryption may be regulated by the U.S.
Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security (for more information, visit
use outside of the U.S. Seagate reserves the right to change, without notice, product offerings or specifications.
www.bis.doc.gov), and controlled for import and
CONTENTS
Seagate® Technology Support Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.0 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.0 Applicable standards and reference documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1 Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1.1 Electromagnetic compatibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1.2 Electromagnetic compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1.3 European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1.4 China Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2 Reference documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.0 General description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.1 Standard features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.2 Media description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.3 Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.4 Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.5 Formatted capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.6 Programmable drive capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.7 Factory-installed options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.0 Performance characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.1 Internal drive characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2 Performance characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2.1 Format command execution time for 512-byte sectors (minutes) . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2.2 General performance characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.3 Start/stop time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.4 Prefetch/multi-segmented cache control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.5 Cache operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.5.1 Caching write data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.5.2 Prefetch operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.0 Reliability specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.1 Error rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.1.1 Recoverable Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.1.2 Unrecoverable Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.1.3 Seek errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.1.4 Interface errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.2 Reliability and service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.2.1 Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) and Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) . . . . 17
5.2.2 Preventive maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.2.3 Hot plugging the drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.2.4 S.M.A.R.T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.2.5 Thermal monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.2.6 Drive Self Test (DST) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.2.7 Product warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6.0 Physical/electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6.1 PowerChoiceTM power management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6.1.1 PowerChoice reporting methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6.2 AC power requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.3 DC power requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Seagate Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 2
CONTENTS
6.3.1 Conducted noise immunity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6.3.2 Power sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6.3.3 Current profiles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6.4 Power dissipation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6.5 Environmental limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.5.1 Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.5.2 Humidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.5.3 Effective altitude (sea level) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.5.4 Shock and vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.5.5 Air cleanliness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.5.6 Corrosive environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.5.7 Acoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.5.8 Electromagnetic susceptibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.6 Mechanical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
7.0 About FIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
8.0 About self-encrypting drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
8.1 Data encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
8.2 Controlled access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
8.2.1 Admin SP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
8.2.2 Locking SP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
8.2.3 Default password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
8.3 Random number generator (RNG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
8.4 Drive locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
8.5 Data bands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
8.6 Cryptographic erase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
8.7 Authenticated firmware download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
8.8 Power requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
8.9 Supported commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
8.10 Sanitize - CRYPTOGRAPHIC ERASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
8.11 RevertSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
9.0 Defect and error management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
9.1 Drive internal defects/errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
9.2 Drive error recovery procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
9.3 SAS system errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
9.4 Background Media Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
9.5 Deferred Auto-Reallocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
9.6 Idle Read After Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
9.7 Protection Information (PI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
9.7.1 Levels of PI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
9.7.2 Setting and determining the current Type Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
9.7.3 Identifying a Protection Information drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
9.8 Seagate RAID Rebuild ™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
10.0 Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
10.1 Drive orientation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
10.2 Cooling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
10.3 Drive mounting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
10.4 Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
11.0 Interface requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
11.1 SAS features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Seagate Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 3
CONTENTS
11.1.1 Task management functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
11.1.2 Task management responses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
11.2 Dual port support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
11.3 SCSI commands supported. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
11.3.1 Inquiry data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
11.3.2 Mode Sense data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
11.4 Miscellaneous operating features and conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
11.4.1 SAS physical interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
11.4.2 Physical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
11.4.3 Connector requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
11.4.4 Electrical description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
11.4.5 Pin descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
11.4.6 SAS transmitters and receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
11.4.7 Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
11.5 Signal characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
11.5.1 Ready LED Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
11.5.2 Differential signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
11.6 SAS-3 Specification compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
11.7 Additional information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Seagate Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 4
FIGURES
Figure 1. Current profiles for 2TB models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Figure 2. Current profiles for 1TB models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Figure 3. 2TB (at 12Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Figure 4. 1TB (at 12Gb) DC current and power vs. input/output operations per second . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Figure 5. Recommended mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Figure 6. Mounting configuration dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Figure 7. Example of FIPS tamper evidence labels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Figure 8. Physical interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Figure 9. Air flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Figure 10. Physical interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Figure 11. SAS device plug dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Figure 12. SAS device plug dimensions (detail) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Figure 13. SAS transmitters and receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Seagate Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 5
Seagate® Technology Support Services
For information regarding online support and services, visit:
Available services include:
http://www.seagate.com/contacts/
• Presales & Technical support
• Global Support Services telephone numbers & business hours
• Authorized Service Centers
For information regarding Warranty Support, visit:
For information regarding data recovery services, visit:
For Seagate OEM and Distribution partner portal, visit:
For Seagate reseller portal, visit:
http://www.seagate.com/partners/my-spp-dashboard/
http://www.seagate.com/support/warranty-and-replacements/
http://www.seagate.com/services-software/data-recovery-services/
http://www.seagate.com/partners/
Seagate Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 6
1.0 Scope
This manual describes Seagate® Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) disk drives.
Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 drives support the SAS Protocol specifications to the extent described in this manual. The SAS Interface
Manual (part number 100293071) describes the general SAS characteristics of this and other Seagate SAS drives. The Self-Encrypting
Drive Reference Manual, part number 100515636, describes the interface, general operation, and security features available on SelfEncrypting Drive models.
Product data communicated in this manual is specific only to the model numbers listed in this manual. The data listed in this manual may
not be predictive of future generation specifications or requirements. If integrators are designing a system which will use one of the models
listed or future generation products and need further assistance, please contact the Field Applications Engineer (FAE) or our global
support services group as shown on page 6.
Unless otherwise stated, the information in this manual applies to standard and Self-Encrypting Drive models.
Note
Note
Note
Sector
Size
Standard
models
Self-Encrypting Drive
(SED) models
FIPS 140-2 Level 2
(SED-FIPS) models
ST2000NX0263 ST2000NX0323 ST2000NX0333
4096N
ST1000NX0323 ST1000NX0363
ST2000NX0273 ST2000NX0343 ST2000NX0353
512E
ST1000NX0333 ST1000NX0373
ST2000NX0433
512N
ST1000NX0453
Throughout this manual, 512E represents 512 “emulation” sector drives,
512N represents 512 “native” sector drives and 4096N represents 4096
“native” sector drives.
Previous generations of Seagate Self-Encrypting Drive models were
called Full Disk Encryption (FDE) models before a differentiation between
drive-based encryption and other forms of encryption was necessary
The Self-Encrypting Drive models indicated on the cover of this product manual
have provisions for “Security of Data at Rest” based on the standards defined by
the Trusted Computing Group (see www.trustedcomputinggroup.org).
For more information on FIPS 140-2 Level 2 certification see Section 7.0 on page 32.
For product certification status visit -
http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cmvp/documents/140-1/1401vend.htm.
Seagate Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 7
2.0 Applicable standards and reference documentation
The drives documented in this manual have been developed as system peripherals to the highest standards of design and construction.
The drives depend on host equipment to provide adequate power and environment for optimum performance and compliance with
applicable industry and governmental regulations. Special attention must be given in the areas of safety, power distribution, shielding,
audible noise control, and temperature regulation. In particular, the drives must be securely mounted to guarantee the specified
performance characteristics. Mounting by bottom holes must meet the requirements of Section 10.3.
2.1 Standards
The Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 family complies with Seagate standards as noted in the appropriate sections of this manual and the
Seagate SAS Interface Manual, part number 100293071.
The drives are recognized in accordance with UL 60950-1, CSA 60950-1, and EN60950-1.
The security features of Self-Encrypting Drive models are based on the “TCG Storage Architecture Core Specification” and the “TCG
Storage Workgroup Security Subsystem Class: Enterprise_A” specification with additional vendor-unique features as noted in this product
manual.
2.1.1 Electromagnetic compatibility
The drive, as delivered, is designed for system integration and installation into a suitable enclosure prior to use. The drive is supplied as a
subassembly and is not subject to Subpart B of Part 15 of the FCC Rules and Regulations.
The design characteristics of the drive serve to minimize radiation when installed in an enclosure that provides reasonable shielding. The
drive is capable of meeting the Class B limits of the FCC Rules and Regulations when properly packaged; however, it is the user’s
responsibility to assure that the drive meets the appropriate EMI requirements in their system. Shielded I/O cables may be required if the
enclosure does not provide adequate shielding. If the I/O cables are external to the enclosure, shielded cables should be used, with the
shields grounded to the enclosure and to the host controller.
2.1.1.1 Electromagnetic susceptibility
As a component assembly, the drive susceptibility drive was tested in a representative system for typical applications. It is the responsibility
of those integrating the drive within their systems to perform those tests required and design their system to ensure that equipment
operating in the same system as the drive or external to the system does not adversely affect the performance of the drive. See Section
6.3, DC power requirements.
2.1.2 Electromagnetic compliance
Seagate uses an independent laboratory to confirm compliance with the directives/standards for CE Marking and RCM Marking. The drive
was tested in a representative system for typical applications and comply with the Electromagnetic Interference/Electromagnetic
Susceptibility (EMI/EMS) for Class B products.
Although the test system with this Seagate model complies with the directives/standards, we cannot guarantee that all systems will comply.
The computer manufacturer or system integrator shall confirm EMC compliance and provide the appropriate marking for their product.
Electromagnetic compliance for the European Union
If this model has the CE Marking it complies with the European Union requirements of the Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive 2004/
108/EC as put into place on 20 July 2007.
Canada ICES-003
If this model has the ICES-003 Marking it complies with the Canadian Standard Association Standard CAN/CSA-CISPR 22-10, Information
Technology Equipment - Radio Disturbance Characteristics - Limits and Methods of Measurement.
Australian RCM Mark
If this model has the RCM Marking it complies with the Australia/New Zealand Standard AS/NZ CISPR22 and meets the Electromagnetic
Compatibility (EMC) Framework requirements of Australia’s Radiocommunications Act.
Korean KCC
If these drives have the Korean Communications Commission (KCC) logo, they comply with KN22, KN 24, and KN61000.
Taiwanese BSMI
If this model has the Taiwanese certification mark then it complies with Chinese National Standard, CNS13438.
Seagate Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 8
2.1.3 European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)
The European Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive restricts the presence of chemical substances, including Lead
(Pb), in electronic products ef
A number of parts and materials in Seagate products are procured from external suppliers. We rely on the representations of our suppliers
regarding the presence of RoHS substances in these parts and materials. Our supplier contracts require compliance with our chemical
substance restrictions, and our suppliers document their compliance with our requirements by providing material content declarations for
all parts and materials for the disk drives documented in this publication. Current supplier declarations include disclosure of the inclusion of
any RoHS-regulated substance in such parts or materials.
Seagate also has internal systems in place to ensure ongoing compliance with the RoHS Directive and all laws and regulations which
restrict chemical content in electronic products. These systems include standard operating procedures that ensure that restricted
substances are not utilized in our manufacturing operations, laboratory analytical validation testing, and an internal auditing process to
ensure that all standard operating procedures are complied with.
2.1.4 China Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive
This product has an Environmental Protection Use Period (EPUP) of 20 years. The following table contains information
mandated by China's "Marking Requirements for Control of Pollution Caused by Electronic Information Products" Standard.
fective July 2006.
"O" indicates the hazardous and toxic substance content of the part (at the homogeneous material level) is lower than the threshold
defined by the China RoHS MCV Standard.
"X" indicates the hazardous and toxic substance content of the part (at the homogeneous material level) is over the threshold defined by
the China RoHS MCV Standard.
2.2 Reference documents
SAS Interface Manual Seagate part number: 100293071
SCSI Commands Reference Manual Seagate part number: 100293068
Self-Encrypting Drives Reference Manual
Seagate part number: 100515636
ANSI SAS Documents SFF-8223 2.5” Drive Form Factor with Serial Connector
SFF-8460 HSS Backplane Design Guidelines
SFF-8470 Multi Lane Copper Connector
SFF-8482 SAS Plug Connector
ANSI INCITS.xxx Serial Attached SCSI (SAS-2) Standard (T10/1562-D)
ISO/IEC 14776-xxx SCSI Architecture Model-3 (SAM-4) Standard (T10/1561-D)
ISO/IEC 14776-xxx SCSI Primary Commands-3 (SPC-4) Standard (T10/1416-D)
ISO/IEC 14776-xxx SCSI Block Commands-2 (SBC-3) Standard (T10/1417-D)
ANSI Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) Documents
X3.270-1996 (SCSI-3) Architecture Model
Trusted Computing Group (TCG) Documents (apply to Self-Encrypting Drive models only)
TCG Storage Architecture Core Specification, Rev. 1.0
TCG Storage Security Subsystem Class Enterprise Specification, Rev. 1.0
In case of conflict between this document and any referenced document, this document takes precedence.
Seagate Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 9
3.0 General description
Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 SAS drives provide high performance, high capacity data storage for a variety of systems including
engineering workstations, network servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. The Serial Attached SCSI interface is designed to meet
next-generation computing demands for performance, scalability, flexibility and high-density storage requirements.
Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 drives are random access storage devices designed to support the Serial Attached SCSI Protocol as
described in the ANSI specifications, this document, and the SAS Interface Manual (part number 100293071) which describes the general
interface characteristics of this drive. Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 drives are classified as intelligent peripherals and provide level 2
conformance (highest level) with the ANSI SCSI-1 standard. The SAS connectors, cables and electrical interface are compatible with
Serial ATA (SATA), giving future users the choice of populating their systems with either SAS or SATA hard disk drives. This allows
integrators to continue to leverage existing investment in SCSI while gaining a 12Gb/s serial data transfer rate.
The Self-Encrypting Drive models indicated on the cover of this product manual have provisions for “Security of Data at Rest” based on the
standards defined by the Trusted Computing Group (see
The head and disk assembly (HDA) is sealed at the factory. Air recirculates within the HDA through a non-replaceable filter to maintain a
contamination-free HDA environment.
Never disassemble the HDA and do not attempt to service items in the sealed enclosure
Note
(heads, media, actuator, etc.) as this requires special facilities. The drive does not contain
user-replaceable parts. Opening the HDA for any reason voids the warranty.
Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 drives use a dedicated load/unload zone at the outermost radius of the media to eliminate the possibility
of destroying or degrading data by landing in the data zone. The heads automatically go to the ramp load/unload when power is removed
from the drive and during the deeper sleep modes.
www.trustedcomputinggroup.org).
An automatic shipping lock prevents potential damage to the heads and discs that results from movement during shipping and handling.
The shipping lock disengages and the head load process begins when power is applied to the drive.
These drives decode track 0 location data from the servo data embedded on each surface to eliminate mechanical transducer adjustments
and related reliability concerns.
The drives also use a high-performance actuator assembly with a low-inertia, balanced, patented, straight arm design that provides
excellent performance with minimal power dissipation.
3.1 Standard features
Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD drives have the following standard features:
• 3.0 / 6.0 / 12.0 Gb Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) interface
• Integrated dual port SAS controller supporting the SCSI protocol
• Support for SAS expanders and fanout adapters
• Firmware downloadable using the SAS interface
• 128 - deep task set (queue)
• Supports up to 16 initiators
• NVC- backed write cache of approximately 334K
• Jumperless configuration
• User-selectable logical block sizes for 512E and 512N models (512, 520, 524 or 528 bytes per logical block)
• User-selectable logical block sizes for 4096N models (4096, 4160, 4192 or 4224 bytes per logical block)
• Industry standard SFF 2.5-inch dimensions
• Programmable logical block reallocation scheme
• Flawed logical block reallocation at format time
• Programmable auto write and read reallocation
• Reallocation of defects on command (Post Format)
• ECC maximum burst correction length of 524 bits for 512 byte blocks and 4108 bits for 4k byte blocks
• No preventive maintenance or adjustments required
• Dedicated head load/unload zone and automatic shipping lock
• Embedded servo design
• Automatic shipping lock
• Self diagnostics performed when power is applied to the drive
• Zone bit recording (ZBR)
• Vertical, horizontal, or top down mounting
• Dynamic spindle brake
• 128MB data buffer (see Section 4.5)
• Drive Self Test (DST)
Seagate Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 10
• Background Media Scan (BMS)
• Idle Read After Write (IRAW)
• Power Save
• SAS Power Disable
• Power Choice
• RAID Rebuild™
Self-Encrypting Drive models have the following additional features:
• Automatic data encryption/decryption
• Controlled access
• Random number generator
• Drive locking
• 16 independent data bands
• Cryptographic erase of user data for a drive that will be repurposed or scrapped
• Authenticated firmware download
3.2 Media description
The media used on the drive has an glass substrate coated with a thin film magnetic material, overcoated with a proprietary protective
layer for improved durability and environmental protection.
3.3 Performance
• Firmware-controlled multisegmented cache designed to dynamically adjust segments for enhanced system performance
• 1200MB/s maximum instantaneous data transfers.
• 7200RPM spindle.
• Average latency = 4.167ms
• Background processing of queue
• Supports start and stop commands (spindle stops spinning)
• Adaptive seek velocity; improved seek performance
Note
There is no significant performance difference between Self-Encrypting
Drive and standard (non-Self-Encrypting Drive) models.
3.4 Reliability
• Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) of 0.44%
• Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) of 2,000,000 hours
• Balanced low mass rotary voice coil actuator
• Incorporates industry-standard Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)
• 5-year warranty
Seagate Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 11
3.5 Formatted capacities
Standard OEM models are formatted to 512 bytes per block for 512E (emulation) and 512N (native) drives and 4096 bytes per block for
4096N (native) drives. The block size is selectable at format time. Supported block sizes are 512, 520, 524, and 528 for 512E and 512N
drives and 4096, 4160, 4192, and 4224 for 4096N drives. Users having the necessary equipment may modify the data block size before
issuing a format command and obtain different formatted capacities than those listed.
To provide a stable target capacity environment and at the same time provide users with flexibility if they choose, Seagate recommends
product planning in one of two modes:
Seagate designs specify capacity points at certain block sizes that Seagate guarantees current and future products will meet. We
recommend customers use this capacity in their project planning, as it ensures a stable operating point with backward and forward
compatibility from generation to generation. The current guaranteed operating points for this product are:
Capacity (Blocks)
2TB 1TB
Sector Size
Decimal Hex Decimal Hex
512
520
524
528
4096
4160
4192
4224
3,907,029,168 E8E088B0
3,824,358,992 E3F31650
3,773,385,336 E0E94A78 1,882,972,568 703BE198
3,719,165,192 DDADF508
488,378,646 1D1C1116
478,846,160 1C8A9CD0
472,805,344 1C2E6FE0 236,402,672 E1737F0
469,223,488 1BF7C840
1,953,525,168 74706DB0
1,923,076,936 729FD348
1,876,331,336 6FD68B48
244,190,646 E8E0DB6
239,423,080 E454E68
234,611,744 DFBE420
3.6 Programmable drive capacity
Using the Mode Select command, the drive can change its capacity to something less than maximum. See the Mode Select (6) parameter
list table in the SAS Interface Manual, part number 100293071. A value of zero in the Number of Blocks field indicates that the drive will not
change the capacity it is currently formatted to have. A number other than zero and less than the maximum number of LBAs in the Number
of Blocks field changes the total drive capacity to the value in the Number of Blocks field. A value greater than the maximum number of
LBAs is rounded down to the maximum capacity.
3.7 Factory-installed options
The following items may be ordered which are incorporated at the manufacturing facility during production or packaged before shipping.
Some of the options available are (not an exhaustive list of possible options):
• Other capacities can be ordered depending on sparing scheme and sector size requested.
• Single-unit shipping pack. The drive is normally shipped in bulk packaging to provide maximum protection against transit damage.
Units shipped individually require additional protection as provided by the single unit shipping pack. Users planning single unit distribu
tion should specify this option.
• The Safety and Regulatory Agency Specifications, part number 75789512, is usually included with each standard OEM drive shipped,
but extra copies may be ordered.
-
Seagate Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 12
4.0 Performance characteristics
This section provides detailed information concerning performance-related characteristics and features of Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3
drives.
4.1 Internal drive characteristics
2TB models 1TB models
Drive capacity 2000 1000 GB (formatted, rounded off value)
Read/write data heads 10 5
Bytes per track 979 979 KBytes (avg, rounded off values)
Bytes per surface 200,000 200,000 MB (unformatted, rounded off value)
Tracks per surface (total) 197 197 Ktracks (user accessible, rounded off values) (4096N, 512E or 512N)
Tracks per inch 315 315 KTPI (average) (4096N, 512E or 512N)
Peak bits per inch 1889 1889 KBPI
Areal density 585 585 Gb/in2 (4096N, 512E or 512N)
Disk rotation speed 7.2K 7.2K rpm
Avg rotational latency 4.167 4.167 ms
4.2 Performance characteristics
4.2.1 Format command execution time for 512-byte sectors (minutes)
2TB models 1TB models
Maximum (with certify)
Maximum (without certify)
652 326
326 163
Execution time measured from receipt of the last byte of the Command Descriptor Block (CDB) to the request for a Status Byte Transfer to
the Initiator (excluding connect/disconnect).
When changing sector sizes, the format times shown above may need to be increased by 30 minutes.
4.2.2 General performance characteristics
Sustained transfer rate 130 MiB/s **
SAS Interface maximum instantaneous transfer rate 1200 MB/s* per port
Logical block sizes
512E & 512N - 512 (default), 520,524, or 528
4096N - 4096 (default), 4160, 4192, or 4224
Read/write consecutive sectors on a track Yes
Flaw reallocation performance impact (for flaws reallocated at format time using the
spare sectors per sparing zone reallocation scheme.)
Average rotational latency 4.167ms
136MB/s
(dual port = 2400 MB/s*)
Negligible
*Assumes no errors and no relocated logical blocks. Rate measured from the start of the first logical block transfer to or from the host.
** MiB/s x 1.048 = MB/s
Seagate Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 13
4.3 Start/stop time
The drive accepts the commands listed in the SAS Interface Manual less than 3 seconds after DC power has been applied.
If the drive receives a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive through either port and has not received a START STOP UNIT command with
the START bit equal to 0, the drive becomes ready for normal operations within 20 seconds (excluding the error recovery procedure).
If the drive receives a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 0 before receiving a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP)
primitive, the drive waits for a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 1. After receiving a START STOP UNIT command
with the START bit equal to 1, the drive waits for a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive. After receiving a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP)
primitive through either port, the drive becomes ready for normal operations within 20 seconds (excluding the error recovery procedure).
The START STOP UNIT command may be used to command the drive to stop the spindle. Stop time is 20 seconds (maximum) from
removal of DC power. SCSI stop time is 20 seconds. There is no power control switch on the drive. However, power can be cycled on the
drive by utilizing SAS Power Disable feature defined by T10 (i.e. drive Pin 3 high).
4.4 Prefetch/multi-segmented cache control
The drive provides a prefetch (read look-ahead) and multi-segmented cache control algorithms that in many cases can enhance system
performance. Cache refers to the drive buffer storage space when it is used in cache operations. To select this feature, the host sends the
Mode Select command with the proper values in the applicable bytes in page 08h. Prefetch and cache operations are independent
features from the standpoint that each is enabled and disabled independently using the Mode Select command; however, in actual
operation, the prefetch feature overlaps cache operation somewhat as described in sections 4.5.1 and 4.5.2.
All default cache and prefetch mode parameter values (Mode Page 08h) for standard OEM versions of this drive family are given in Section
11.3.2.
4.5 Cache operation
Note
Of the 128MB physical buffer space in the drive, approximately 60,000KB are available as a data cache. The remaining buffer space is
reserved for internal drive use.
The drive keeps track of the logical block addresses of the data stored in each segment of the buffer. If the cache is enabled (see RCD bit
in the SAS Interface Manual ), data requested by the host with a read command is retrieved from the buffer, if possible, before any disk
access is initiated. If cache operation is not enabled, the buffer is still used, but only as circular buffer segments during disk medium read
operations (disregarding Prefetch operation for the moment). That is, the drive does not check in the buffer segments for the requested
read data, but goes directly to the medium to retrieve it. The retrieved data merely passes through some buffer segment on the way to the
host. All data transfers to the host are in accordance with buffer-full ratio rules. See the explanation provided with the information about
Mode Page 02h (disconnect/reconnect control) in the SAS Interface Manual.
The following is a simplified description of the prefetch/cache operation:
Case A—read command is received and all of the requested logical blocks are already in the cache:
1. Drive transfers the requested logical blocks to the initiator.
Case B—A Read command requests data, and at least one requested logical block is not in any segment of the cache:
1. The drive fetches the requested logical blocks from the disk and transfers them into a segment, and then from there to the host in
accordance with the Mode Select Disconnect/Reconnect parameters, page 02h.
2. If the prefetch feature is enabled, refer to section 4.5.2 for operation from this point.
Each cache segment is actually a self-contained circular buffer whose length is an integer number of logical blocks. The drive dynamically
creates and removes segments based on the workload. The wrap-around capability of the individual segments greatly enhances the
cache’s overall performance.
Refer to the SAS Interface Manual for more detail concerning the cache bits.
The size of each segment is not reported by Mode Sense command page 08h, bytes 14
and 15. The value 0XFFFF is always reported regardless of the actual size of the segment.
Note
Sending a size specification using the Mode Select command (bytes 14 and 15) does not
set up a new segment size. If the STRICT bit in Mode page 00h (byte 2, bit 1) is set to one,
the drive responds as it does for any attempt to change an unchangeable parameter.
Seagate Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 14
4.5.1 Caching write data
Note
Note
Write caching is a write operation by the drive that makes use of a drive buffer storage area where the data to be written to the medium is
stored while the drive performs the Write command. WCE=0 provides NVC-protected write caching over a small portion of the DRAM.
If read caching is enabled (RCD=0), then data written to the medium is retained in the cache to be made available for future read cache
hits. The same buffer space and segmentation is used as set up for read functions. The buffer segmentation scheme is set up or changed
independently, having nothing to do with the state of RCD. When a write command is issued, if RCD=0, the cache is first checked to see if
any logical blocks that are to be written are already stored in the cache from a previous read or write command. If there are, the respective
cache segments are cleared. The new data is cached for subsequent Read commands.
If the number of write data logical blocks exceed the size of the segment being written into, when the end of the segment is reached, the
data is written into the beginning of the same cache segment, overwriting the data that was written there at the beginning of the operation;
however, the drive does not overwrite data that has not yet been written to the medium.
If write caching is enabled (WCE=1), then the drive may return Good status on a write command after the data has been transferred into
the cache, but before the data has been written to the medium. If an error occurs while writing the data to the medium, and Good status
has already been returned, a deferred error will be generated.
The Synchronize Cache command may be used to force the drive to write all cached write data to the medium. Upon completion of a
Synchronize Cache command, all data received from previous write commands will have been written to the medium. Section 11.3.2
shows the mode default settings for the drive.
4.5.2 Prefetch operation
Write caching in this section is the traditional SCSI write caching
(WCE=1) where writes are not protected on power loss.
Refer to the SAS Interface Manual for more detail concerning the cache bits.
If the Prefetch feature is enabled, data in contiguous logical blocks on the disk immediately beyond that which was requested by a Read
command are retrieved and stored in the buffer for immediate transfer from the buffer to the host on subsequent Read commands that
request those logical blocks (this is true even if cache operation is disabled). Though the prefetch operation uses the buffer as a cache,
finding the requested data in the buffer is a prefetch hit, not a cache operation hit.
To enable Prefetch, use Mode Select page 08h, byte 12, bit 5 (Disable Read Ahead - DRA bit). DRA bit = 0 enables prefetch.
The drive does not use the Max Prefetch field (bytes 8 and 9) or the Prefetch Ceiling field (bytes 10 and 11).
When prefetch (read look-ahead) is enabled (enabled by DRA = 0), the drive enables prefetch of contiguous blocks from the disk when it
senses that a prefetch hit will likely occur. The drive disables prefetch when it decides that a prefetch hit is not likely to occur.
Seagate Enterprise Capacity 2.5 HDD v3 SAS Product Manual, Rev. D 15
5.0 Reliability specifications
The following reliability specifications assume correct host and drive operational interface, including all interface timings, power supply
voltages, environmental requirements and drive mounting constraints.
Seek error rate: Less than 10 errors in 108 seeks
Read Error Rates
Recovered Data Less than 10 error in 1012 bits transferred (OEM default settings)
Unrecovered Data Less than 1 sector in 1015 bits transferred
Miscorrected Data Less than 1 sector in 10
Interface error rate: Less than 1 error in 1012 bits transferred
Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF): 2,000,000 hours
Annualized Failure Rate (AFR): 0.44%
Preventive maintenance: None required
1. Error rate specified with automatic retries and data correction with ECC enabled and all flaws reallocated.
5.1 Error rates
The error rates stated in this manual assume the following:
• The drive is operated in accordance with this manual using DC power as defined in paragraph 6.3, "DC power requirements."
• Errors caused by host system failures are excluded from error rate computations.
• Assume random data.
• Default OEM error recovery settings are applied. This includes AWRE, ARRE, full read retries, full write retries and full retry time.
1
21
bits transferred
5.1.1 Recoverable Errors
Recoverable errors are those detected and corrected by the drive, and do not require user intervention.
Recoverable Data errors will use Error Correction when needed.
Recovered Data error rate is determined using read bits transferred for recoverable errors occurring during a read, and using write bits
transferred for recoverable errors occurring during a write.
5.1.2 Unrecoverable Errors
An unrecoverable data error is defined as a failure of the drive to recover data from the media. These errors occur due to head/media or
write problems. Unrecoverable data errors are only detected during read operations, but not caused by the read. If an unrecoverable data
error is detected, a MEDIUM ERROR (03h) in the Sense Key will be reported. Multiple unrecoverable data errors resulting from the same
cause are treated as 1 error.
5.1.3 Seek errors
A seek error is defined as a failure of the drive to position the heads to the addressed track. After detecting an initial seek error, the drive
automatically performs an error recovery process. If the error recovery process fails, a seek positioning error (Error code = 15h or 02h) will
be reported with a Hardware error (04h) in the Sense Key. Recoverable seek errors are specified at Less than 10 errors in 10
Unrecoverable seek errors (Sense Key = 04h) are classified as drive failures.
5.1.4 Interface errors
An interface error is defined as a failure of the receiver on a port to recover the data as transmitted by the device port connected to the
receiver. The error may be detected as a running disparity error, illegal code, loss of word sync, or CRC error.
8
seeks.
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