Schneider Electric Systems Canada QR450A, QB450QP450A User Manual

Trio Q Data Radio

User Manual

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Contents

Part A – Preface 3

Safety Information 3 Revision History 5 Important Information 5 Compliance Information 6

Part B – Feature Overview 7

Introduction 7 Features and Benefits 8 Q Data Radio Range 9

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes 11

System Topologies 11 Operating Modes 16

Part D – Feature Detail 18

Hardware 18 Efficiency and Bandwidth 19 Connectivity 30 Ease of Use 32 Security 39

Part E – Radio Planning and Design 41

Radio Path analysis 41 BER & Fade Margin 43 Radio Accessories 44 RF Feeders and Protection 45

Part G– Quick Start Guide 78

Step-by-Step Point to Point Setup 78 Step-by-Step eDiags Setup 82 System Topology Configuration 83 Serial and MODBUS 89 Single Frequency (Simplex) Mode 94 E-Series Emulation Mode 95

Part H – Advanced 97

Connectivity 97 Ease of Use 105 Security 128

Part I – Installation & Commissioning 129

Optimising the Antenna for Rx Signal 131 Commissioning 132

Part J – Firmware Updating and Maintenance 133

Firmware Updating 133 Global Firmware Updating 134 Fuse Replacement - QR450 136

Part K – Open Source License Acks 137

Part L – Support Options 138

Part F – Quick Reference Guide 46

Introduction 46 Half Duplex Radio - QR450 46

Full Duplex Radio - QB450 53

Hot Standby Half Duplex Radio - QP450 58

Hot Standby Full Duplex Radio - QH450 62 LED indicators 70 Connecting Antennas 72 Communication Ports 72 Activating Transmitter 74 Factory Default 74 Digital I/O 75 Connecting to Web User Interface (WUI) 76 Resolving Ethernet Connection Issues 77

2 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Part A – Preface

Safety Information

Part A - Preface

Read these instructions carefully, and look at the equipment to become familiar with the device before trying to install, operate, or maintain it. The following special messages may appear throughout this documentation or on the equipment to warn of potential hazards or to call attention to information that clarifies or simplifies a procedure.

The addition of this symbol to a Danger or Warning safety label indicates that an electrical hazard exists, which will result in personal injury if the instructions are not followed.

This is the safety alert symbol. It is used to alert you to a potential personal injury hazards. Obey all safety messages that follow this symbol to avoid possible injury or death.

WARNING

WARNING indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in

death or serious injury.

CAUTION

CAUTION indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in

minor or moderate injury.

NOTICE

NOTICE is used to address practices not related to physical injury.

Electrical equipment should be installed, operated, serviced, and maintained only by qualified personnel. No responsibility is assumed by Schneider Electric for any consequences arising out of the use of this material.

WARNING

HAZARD OF THERMAL BURNS

High operating temperature.

• Avoid direct contact with device while in operation.

• Install device in a restricted access location to avoid unintentional contact.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

WARNING

HAZARD OF RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) BURNS

Ensure that a matching load or antenna is attached to the RF port prior to applying power to the device.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

WARNING

HAZARD OF EXPLOSION

Ensure that all connected equipment is grounded to the power source ground termination.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

WEEE Regulation (Europe)

This symbol on the product or its packaging indicates that this product must not be disposed of with other waste. Instead, it is your responsibility to dispose of your waste equipment by handing it over to a designated collection point for the recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment. The separate collection and recycling of your waste equipment at the time of disposal will help conserve natural resources and help ensure that it is recycled in a manner that protects human health and the environment. For more information about where you can drop off your waste equipment for recycling, contact the dealer from whom you originally purchased the product.

WARNING

HAZARD OF BURN

The QR450 must be installed in a restricted access location..

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

WARNING

HAZARD OF BURN

Where an QB450 is to be operated between 60ºC and 70ºC (122°F and 158°F), it must be installed in a restricted access location.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

For the definition of a restricted access location, refer to the ETSI EN 60950 standard.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Dieses Symbol auf dem Produkt oder seinem Verpacken zeigt an, daß dieses Produkt nicht mit anderer Vergeudung entledigt werden darf. Stattdessen ist es Ihre Verantwortlichkeit, sich Ihre überschüssige Ausrüstung zu entledigen, indem es rüber sie zu einem gekennzeichneten Ansammlungspunkt für die Abfallverwertung elektrische und elektronische Ausrüstung übergibt. Die unterschiedliche Ansammlung und die Wiederverwertung Ihrer überschüssigen Ausrüstung zu der Zeit der Beseitigung helfen, Naturresourcen zu konservieren und sicherzugehen, daß es in gewissem Sinne aufbereitet wird, daß menschliche Gesundheit und das Klima schützt. Zu mehr Information ungefähr, wo Sie weg von Ihrer überschüssigen Ausrüstung für die Wiederverwertung fallen können, treten Sie bitte mit dem Händler in Verbindung, von dem Sie ursprünglich das Produkt kauften.

Part A - Preface

Before using this product, read the Safety Information, Compliance information and all recommendations related to the purchased wireless communications equipment found within the Installation and Commissioning section found within the product user manual. The product user manual is available at www.schneider-electric.com

WARNING

HAZARD OF UNINTENDED EQUIPMENT OPERATION

To help prevent equipment malfunction, take every precaution during installation against incorrectly activating the wireless communications equipment. This equipment is not a functional safety product.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury, and equipment damage.

Environment

This environment is “enclosed”. It can be installed without any specific protection in areas with restricted access and low pollution levels (not exceeding 2), for example; stations or control rooms which have neither machines nor any activity generating metallic dust or other metallic particles. In other environments, it is recommended to follow rules as defined in the user manual. For the definition of a restricted access location, refer to the ETSI EN 60950 standard.

WARNING

HAZARD OF DEATH OR SERIOUS INJURY

• The QR450 must be installed in a restricted access location.

• Where an QB450 is to be operated between 60ºC and 70ºC (140°F and 158°F), it must be installed in a restricted access location.

• Ensure that the operating temperature (air surrounding equipment) never exceeds 70 °C (158 °F)

• Ensure all radio equipment is installed with a lightning arrestor.

• Ensure all connected equipment is grounded to the power source ground termination.

• Where an internal fuse is to be replaced, the replacement fuse must be of the specied type and current rating. Refer to fuse replacement instructions within the Product User Manual before servicing.

• Ensure a matching load or antenna is attached to the RF port prior to applying power to the device.

• RF Exposure - The radio equipment described in the Product User Manual emits low level radio frequency energy. The concentrated energy may pose a health hazard depending on the type of antenna used. To satisfy EU, FCC and Industry Canada requirements a minimum separation distance should be maintained between the antenna of this device

and persons during operation as per the table below

Range of

Antenna gains

(dBd)

0 to 4 1.5

4 to 8 2.4

8 to 12 3.7

12 to 16 5.8

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

Minimum

Separation from

Antenna (Meters)

Wiring

In order to improve the security of the installation, follow the rules below:

NOTICE

HAZARD OF EQUIPMENT DAMAGE

The radio modem can be damaged if there is any potential difference between the chassis-ground, RS232 signal ground, power (-) input, or antenna coaxial shield. Before connecting any wiring, ensure all components are earthed to a common ground point.

Failure to follow these instructions can result in equipment damage.

Minimum

Separation from

Antenna (Feet)

7.6

12.2

19.1

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Part A - Preface

Revision History

Issue: 08-14D

Issue: 09-14

Issue: 10-14

Issue: 02-15

Issue: 03-15

Issue: 05-15

- (August 2014) Initial release.

- (September 2014) Added QH450

- (October 2014) Updated Compliance

- (February 2015) Added QP450,

- (March 2015) Alarms and Events

- (May 2015) Updated Compliance

information.

E-Series Emulation Mode and compliance Information.

Information.

Important Information

This manual covers the operation of the Q Data Radio range. Specifications described are typical only and are subject to normal manufacturing and service tolerances.

Trio Datacom Pty Ltd reserves the right to modify the equipment, its specification or this manual without prior notification, in the interest of improving performance, reliability or servicing. At the time of publication all data is correct for the operation of the equipment at the voltage and/or temperature referred to. Performance data indicates typical values related to the particular product.

This manual is copyright by Trio Datacom Pty Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of the documentation or the information supplied may be divulged to any third party without the express written permission of Trio Datacom Pty Ltd.

The manual is also proprietary to Trio Datacom Pty Ltd and are supplied for the purposes referred to in the accompanying documentation and must not be used for any other purpose. All such information remains the property of Trio Datacom Pty Ltd and may not be reproduced, copied, stored on or transferred to any other media or used or distributed in any way save for the express purposes for which it is supplied.

Products offered may contain software which is proprietary to Trio Datacom Pty Ltd. However, the offer of supply of these products and services does not include or infer any transfer of ownership of such proprietary information and as such reproduction or reuse without the express permission in writing from Trio Datacom Pty Ltd is forbidden. Permission may be applied for by contacting Trio Datacom Pty Ltd in writing.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Part A - Preface

Compliance Information

WARNING

HAZARD TO HEALTH DUE TO RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) EXPOSURE

• The radio equipment described in this user manual emits low level radio frequency energy. The concentrated energy may pose a health hazard depending on the type of antenna used.

• To satisfy EU, FCC and Industry Canada requirements a minimum separation distance should be maintained between the antenna of this device and persons during operation as per the table below.

Range of

Antenna gains

(dBd)

0 to 4 1.5

4 to 8 2.4

8 to 12 3.7

12 to 16 5.8

Failure to follow these instructions can result in death or serious injury.

Minimum

Separation from

Antenna (Meters)

Minimum

Separation from

Antenna (Feet)

7.6

12.2

19.1

Site Grounding

Ensure that the chassis mounting plate, power supply (-) Ground, RTU terminal device, and lightning arrester, are all securely connected to the ground in the building installation or a common ground point to which an earth/ ground stake is attached.

R&TTE Directive (Europe)

Applies to models TBURQx4xx-Exxxxxxx

In order to comply with the R&TTE (Radio & Telecommunications Terminal Equipment) directive 1999/5/EC, all radio modem installations must include an external in-line lightning arrestor or equivalent device that complies with the following specifications:

• DC Blocking Capability - 1.5kV impulse (Rise Time 10mS, Fall Time 700mS) (Repetition 10 Times) or 1.0kV rms 50Hz sine wave for 1 minute.

Trio Datacom declares that the Q data radio range is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of the Directive 1999/5/ EC. Therefore the Trio Datacom Q data radio range is labelled with the following CE-marking.

Typical Antenna Installation Exclusion Zone

The diagram below shows the exclusion zone for a typical antenna installation. The details of this typical system are as follows:

• Q Data Radio - 40dBm (10W)

• Antenna - Yagi 14 dBd/16.15 dBi gain

• Lightning Arrestor - 0.5dB loss

• Cable Run - 1.5dB loss

3.3m3.3m

3m Clearance allowed for

Exclusion Zone

FCC Compliance

This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

The manufacturer is not responsible for any radio or TV interference caused by unauthorised modifications to this equipment. Such modifications could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

0891

Collocating the QR450 remote (Europe)

The QR450 is a remote radio and should not be collocated with other transmitting equipment.

FCC Compliance (Hot Standby Controller Only)

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction, equipment may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Re-orient to relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different to that which the receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/ television technician for assistance.

When antennas are co-located on a community (shared) site the correct site engineering must be performed to ensure RF exposure limits are met.

FCC requirements can be found in 47 CFR 1.1307(b)(3) 6 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Part B – Feature Overview

Introduction

The Trio Q is a family of data radios designed for wireless transport of Telemetry and Remote SCADA data using the licensed UHF spectrum.

Trio Q Data Radios are ideal where:

• Total ownership and control of the data radio network is required

• There are long distances to cover

• Public Communications (ie: Cellular) is too expensive or unreliable

• Variety of communications delivery is required

Trio Q Data radios are suitable for a wide variety of applications that require the transport of serial or Ethernet protocols, including DNP, MODBUS and IEC, over distances of that up to 50Km (30 miles). Common applications include the monitoring and control of remote assets in the management of:

• Water and Waste Water

• Electrical Distribution and Sub Station automation such as those found in Smart Grids

• The extraction and transportation of Oil & Gas

However, as data transport is transparent to the application, there are virtually no application-specific constraints, other than data throughput and range.

A typical radio system topology permits a central master / control application, like a SCADA Host system for example, to communicate with remotely-situated application equipment such as RTUs or PLCs; using single or dual-frequency radio channels in the 400 MHz UHF band. A diverse range of system topologies are possible, but in general remote sites communicate directly with the entry point or via repeater stations when direct communication is not possible.

Trio Q Data Radios come in a variety of hardware form factors. The QR450 Half-Duplex Radio, is ideal for deployment at remote sites, and operates in simplex or half-duplex modes. Built around a rugged but compact die-cast housing, complete with physical mounting locations, it also has an optional DIN rail mounting kit. Complementing this is the QB450 Full Duplex Radio, which is ideal for deployment at entry point or repeater sites as it provides high performance full-duplex operation in a 1RU 19” rack form factor. Where redundancy is of value, there are also Hot Standby variants of both the full and half duplex radios.

Over-the-air data speeds are now four times faster than those found in existing licensed data radio systems. Additionally, the radio system can dynamically change its speed during a signal fade or rain storm, enhancing reliable operation, even at the fastest speeds. Combined with features like IP routing and automatic retries, together with advances in collision avoidance, Trio Q provides the ideal platform for building a scalable, easy-to-use, licensed data radio system, where users can greatly increase the number of remote sites per system, and the amount of data transported over the network. Trio Q data radios operate between 400 and 518MHz, are approved for use by ETSI & ACMA, are software-configurable for 12.5kHz or 25kHz channels, and up to 10W of Transmit power even at the fastest speed.

There are two Ethernet and two serial ports, that operate in either a Layer-2 Ethernet or Layer-3 IP routing mode. For serial data, both RS-232 and RS-485 is supported using embedded terminal servers, secured by 256-bit AES encryption. Diagnostics and Configuration are performed via web server, Telnet/SSH or serial console, and built in wizards take out the guess work. SNMP traps can provide real time alarm detection of parameters and Integration into ClearSCADA is painless with library templates .

In summary, Trio Q Data radios offer enhanced flexibility, security and reliability, even in harsh, remote environments. They provide an ideal foundation on which to build a data radio system that is scalable, has extended reach, and is virtually futureproof, to help you protect the value of your investment.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Part B – Feature Overview

Features and Benefits

Common Features – QR450 | QB450 | QP450 | QH450

Radio

• UHF Frequency Band Operation : 400-450MHz and 450-518MHz

• 12.5kHz and 25kHz channel operation in one radio model

• User configurable transmitter output power up to 10 Watts

• Coverage of common international frequency bands

• Designed to meet international FCC & ETSI radio regulatory requirements

• VSWR and over temperature protection

• Operation over full -40°C to +70°C (-40 to 158°F) ambient temperature range

• Automatic frequency offset compensation for years of service/calibration free operation

Ethernet

• Transport of Ethernet based protocols (including UDP, TCP, DHCP, ARP, ICMP, STP, IGMP, SNTP & TFPT)

• Layer-2 Ethernet Bridge Mode & Layer-3 IP Router mode

• Maximum narrowband channel utilisation with smart peer-to-peer repeating, broadcast filtering and data compression

• SNMP access to radio diagnostics parameters (including alarm detection and traps)

• Legacy RS-232/RS-485 serial support via embedded terminal servers (UDP/TCP) and MODBUS/TCP gateway

• Configuration via embedded HTTP, HTTPS web interface and/or Telnet/SSH/Serial console

• Local and (one to N) broadcast firmware upgrades

• Embedded NTP Time Server (NTP Client / Server / Client-Server / Manual modes)

Modem

• Dynamic Speed Selection: QoS/RSSI based automatic speed selection (or fixed mode)

• RF Data Rates: Up to 32kbps in a 12.5kHz ETSI Channel & 56kbps in a 25kHz Channel

• ChannelShare+™: Advanced dynamic supervisory collision avoidance system

Security

• Support for 256-bit AES encryption

• Password protected HTTP and HTTPS configuration/diagnostics management interface

• Password protected Telnet, SSH and Serial console interface

Diagnostics

• Compatible with the Trio TVIEW+ Diagnostics Network Management Software

• Embedded error rate testing facilities

• Diagnostics parameters available for Tx Power, RSSI, DV Supply Volts, Frequency Offset, Temperature and VSWR

• In-build event logging facility

Approvals

• Europe (ETSI): ETSI EN 300 113, EN 301 489, EN 60950

• United States (FCC): FCC Part 15, Part 90

• Canada (IC): IC RS119, ICES-001

• Australia (ACMA): ACMA AS4295-1995 (Data)

#: Export and import restrictions may apply.

8 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Part B – Feature Overview

Q Data Radio Range

QR450 - Half Duplex Radio

The QR450 Half Duplex Radio is ideal for remote applications as it has a smaller form factor, allowing the product to be installed in space restricted cabinets/enclosures. The QR450 can also be used as an Entry Point (Base/Master Station) or repeater for systems with a small number of remotes where the transmitter duty cycle is low.

Features of the QR450 include:

• Simplex or Half duplex operation

• Small form factor, rugged die cast housing 115 x 34 x 164mm (4.52” x 1.33” x 6.45”)

• 10-30 V DC supply voltage.

• DIN Rail Mounting Kit Option (TBURDIN-KIT-TYPEA)

• Suitable for use in Class I, Division 2, Groups A, B, C & D hazardous locations

QB450 - Full Duplex Radio

Complimenting the QR450 half duplex remote radio, the QB450 full duplex radio is ideal for deployment at base & repeater sites in systems using two frequency operation. In high duty cycle applications, the QB450 delivers maximum rated transmitter power in ambient temperatures up to +70°C (158°F). Where 1+1 hot standby redundancy is required, the half duplex QP450 and the full duplex QH450 are available.

Half Duplex Radio

Features of the QB450 include:

• Full Duplex operation (100% duty cycle)

• 19" 1RU rack mount

• Digital Inputs & Outputs

Full Duplex Base Radio

QP450 - Hot Standby Half Duplex Radio

The QP450 half duplex radio is ideal for deployment at base & repeater sites in systems using two frequency (half duplex) or single frequency (simplex) operation, where it will only be required to transmit OR receive. In high duty cycle applications, the QP450 delivers maximum rated transmitter power in ambient temperatures up to +70°C (158°F).

The features of the QP450 include:

• Simplex or Half duplex operation

• Duplicated redundant transceiver configuration

• Automatic change-over

• 19" 1RU rack mount

• Digital Inputs & Outputs

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Half Duplex Hot Standby Base Radio

Part B – Feature Overview

QH450 - Hot Standby Full Duplex Radio

Complimenting the QR450 half duplex remote radio, the QH450 full duplex radio kit is ideal for deployment at base & repeater sites in systems using two frequency operation. In high duty cycle applications, the QH450 delivers maximum rated transmitter power in ambient temperatures up to +70°C (158°F). Where 1+1 hot standby redundancy is not required,

the full duplex QB450 base/repeater station is available.

The features of the QH450 include:

• Full Duplex operation (100% duty cycle)

• Ethernet link monitoring and shared IP address provides smart Ethernet redundancy

• Remote monitoring, control and changeover of duplicated base/repeater stations

• Hot-swappable modular 19” rack mount transceiver configuration (3 RU total)

• Automatic changeover upon alarm detection of transmitter, receiver, data alarm detection, power supply and data connectivity.

• Digital Inputs & Outputs

• Hot Standby Controller power supply

• 11-14V DC (from output of QBs)

• Max Current: 800mA

Full Duplex Hot Standby Base Radio

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Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

System Topologies

Introduction

Fundamental to understanding the use of the Q data radio range in your system is the need for a basic understanding of the different types of radio system topologies and system topology functions.

System Topologies:

Point to Point (PTP):

• A system topology with two radios, one Entry Point and one Remote

Point to Multipoint (PTMP):

• A system topology with three or more radios, one Entry Point that directly communicates to two or more Remotes.

Point to Multipoint via a Repeater (PTMP/R):

• A system topology with three or more radios, one Entry Point that communicates via a repeater to two or more Remotes.

Point to Multipoint via multiple Repeaters:

• A system topology with four or more radios, one Entry Point that communicates via multiple cascaded repeaters to one or more Remotes.

Multipoint to multipoint (MPTMP):

• A system topology with one Entry Point and one or more remotes, and no repeaters, where remotes can talk directly to the Entry Point or to each other.

• Only works with Simplex frequencies.

System Topology Functions:

Entry Point:

• The radio where user data enters the systems. Typically connected (directly or indirectly) to the Master RTU or SCADA Host.

Repeater:

• A radio which repeats data from an Entry point to Remote, or Remote to Remote, or Repeater to Repeater.

Remote:

• A radio which is the endpoint or perimeter of the system topology.

Each type of network is described in the following diagrams.

Point-to-Point (PTP)

A Point to Point (PTP) network has one Entry Point and one Remote radio. When full duplex radios are installed, full data throughput can be achieved in each direction. Alternatively, half-duplex radios can also be implemented although collision avoidance should be enabled.

Full Duplex radios have the advantage that they simulate a cable connection with respect to the connected devices. Even if one device transmits continuously it will not block the other device from sending data. This is useful for applications that expect full duplex communications or that are not designated to be radio modem friendly.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Point to Multipoint (PTMP)

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

A Point to Multipoint (PTMP) network is normally chosen when a central site (i.e.: The HOST application) needs to communicate with multiple REMOTE sites.

Point to Multipoint (PTMP) operation requires the Entry Point site to have adequate RF coverage of all Remote sites. A PTMP offers optimal available bandwidth and data latency when multiple remote sites are required.

In a multiple access radio system (MAS), communication occurs from a common site (the Entry Point) to all others, either using a half duplex or simplex radio channel. In addition, remote sites can communicate to each for peer to peer messaging, via the Entry Point.

For two frequency systems, to facilitate efficient data communication and support features such as the ‘Channel Share+’ collision avoidance mechanism, it is recommended that the Entry Point be a full duplex radio (QB/QH).

Utilising a half duplex Entry Point radio is possible, however some features may not be available and system performance may be lower when compared to using a full duplex entry point.

In most applications, this type of system topology is more efficient than other topologies.

12 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Point to Multipoint via Repeater (PTMP via Rep)

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

A Point to Multipoint via repeater (PTMP/R) network is a variation of the Point To Multipoint (PTMP) network. It is normally chosen when the site where the Host application (i.e.: Entry Point) does not have adequate RF coverage of Remote sites in the network.

This network topology consists of a radio configured as a Repeater (typically full duplex), an entry point radio and a number of remotes. The repeater can be configured to repeat data based on either IP layer 2 (Bridge mode), or IP layer 3 (Router mode) rules.

The repeater should be located at a site with adequate RF coverage to each of the remotes.

Utilising a half duplex Entry Point radio is possible, however some features may not be available and system performance may be lower when compared to using a full duplex entry point.

Other aspects of the Point to Multipoint network apply to this network topology.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

Point to Multipoint via Multiple Repeaters (PTMP via multiple Reps)

A PTMP via multiple repeaters system is a variation of the PTMP/R system. It is normally chosen when the site where the Host application (i.e.: Entry Point) together with the first repeater have inadequate RF coverage of remote sites in the network.

In this system topology, there are multiple radios configured as repeaters. The PTMP/R with multiple repeater system topology is only possible when using IP routing mode. Each repeater is configured to repeat traffic based on destination IP address.

The repeaters should be located at sites with adequate RF coverage for the remote sites. For two frequency systems, to facilitate efficient data communication and support features such as the collision avoidance mechanism, it is recommended that the first Repeater be a full duplex radio (QB/QH).

Utilizing a half duplex Repeater is possible, however some features may not be available and system performance may be lower when compared to using a full duplex entry point.

Other aspects of the Point to Multipoint network apply to this network topology.

14 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Flat Multipoint to Multipoint (MPTMP) - Simplex

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

A Multipoint to Multipoint network is a variation of the Point To Multipoint network. It is primarily used when the system requirement is for each site to be able to communicate directly with every other site. This requires every site to have adequate RF line of sight to every other site along with the use of simplex frequencies (Rx & Tx frequencies are the same).

In this system topology, each site typically require the use of an omni directional antenna. This is to provide an even spread of antenna gain to and from each site.

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Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

Operating Modes

Introduction

This section assumes the reader has an operational understanding of industrial Ethernet.

A typical Ethernet network consists of a number of IP devices, all which share the requirement of data communication. In order for a pair of devices within an Ethernet based network to communicate with one another, they need to be able to address data to a specific destination (in this case, each other).

MAC Address - MAC addresses identify Ethernet devices on a network when operating at Layer-2. All Ethernet ports in devices have their own unique media access control (MAC) address. There are special MAC addresses used for broadcast and Multicast messages.

IP Address - An IP address is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., Radio, RTU, SCADA Host) participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.

An IP address serves two principal functions:

• Host or network interface identification and

• Location addressing.

Subnet - A subnet is a subdivision of an IP network. It allows a network designer to segment a large IP network into smaller, manageable sub networks. This can assist in the allocation of IP addresses and the management of network bandwidth.

Subnet Mask - Together with the IP address, the subnet mask is used to determine which subnet a device belongs to.

Gateway - A gateway forwards IP messages between devices on different subnets in an IP network. A gateway uses

configurable routing rules to determine where to forward an IP message.

Route - A route is a rule that indicates where an IP message needs to be sent in order to get to a specific device on an IP network.

Transparent Bridge Mode

The Q data radios can be configured to operate in a transparent bridge mode. This mode transports all data as layer 2 Ethernet traffic over the radio network. Each radio will behave like a layer 2 Ethernet switch, transparently forwarding data, based on rules, dynamically determined from device MAC addresses. Although traffic is transported at layer 2, each radio requires an IP address in order for a user to access radio management features (web server/telnet/diagnostics/etc..).

The example below shows a typical PTMP/R topology, with all radios operating in bridge mode.

From an IP network perspective, each radio within the topology above, effectively looks like an Ethernet switch. See the example below.

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Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

Router Mode

The Q data radios can also be configured to operate in router mode. Router mode provides the radio the ability to route IP data, based on user configurable network routing rules (OSI model layer 3), between devices on different subnets.

The benefits of router mode include:

• Faster poll times

• Higher throughput

• Improved management of IP addresses

Each radio behaves as a network gateway for its corresponding subnet. This allows a network designer to segment a wide area IP network (WAN) into smaller subnets, which minimises the amount of over the air radio traffic. The example below shows how router mode segments an IP radio network into smaller subnets. Each radio has it’s own subnet, represented in the example by dashed colored boxes.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Part D – Feature Detail

QR450 Hardware Overview

Diagnostics & Management

RSSI Output

•

Over Temperature

Foldback

QB450 Hardware Overview

Digital Inputs / Outputs

RF Port

•

Alarm Output

•

Separate

/Rx Connections

EDS

19” 1RU Rack M

Factory Reset

9 C

Hardware

QR450 - Half Duplex Radio

• Status LEDs

ountingHoles

• Flat Panel Mounting

• DIN Rail Mounting

RF Port

• Up to 10W RF Power

• High VSWR Foldback

• -40 to +70 degC (-40 to +158 degF)

•

• Factory Reset

Part D – Feature Detail

DC Powe

• 10-30 V DC

• 5W standby

Ethernet Ports

• 2 x 10/100 MBps

• Auto MDIX Sensing

Serial Ports

• Dual RS-232 Serial Ports

• Shared on sin

• Break Out cable if two ports required

• RS-485 mode supported

QB450 - Full Duplex Radio

• 3 DI / 3 DO

• Read/Write via SNMP

General

•

• -40 to +70 degC (-40 to +158 degF) @ 100% duty cycle

• Full Du

• Temperature Controlled Fan forced cooling

lex Operation

le DB-9 Connecto

ounte

Serial Ports

• Dual RS-232 Serial Ports

•Shared on singleDB-

• Break Out cable if two ports required

• RS-485 mode supported

• Up to 10W RF Power

• High VSWR Foldback

• Over Temperature Foldback

tatus L

• Status LEDs

• RSSI Output

•

Ethernet Ports

• 3 x 10/100 MBps

•

onnecto

uto MDIX Sensin

18 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Efficiency and Bandwidth

RF Speeds and Sensitivity

Part D – Feature Detail

The Trio Q data radios use continuous phase modulation (CPM) which supports up to 10 Watts of transmitter output power, even at the fastest RF data rate.

This avoids the need to compromise on range when operating at the fastest speeds. Two different radio variants and modulation types are available, depending on the regulatory requirements (FCC or ACMA/ETSI).

• TBURQx4xx-E00xxxxxx: ‘E’ denotes ACMA/ETSI

• TBURQx4xx-F00xxxxxx: ‘F’ denotes FCC

Regulatory

Region

FCC/IC

ACMA/

ETSI

Channel Bandwidth

(KHz)

12.5

RF Speed (Kbps)

8 16 24 32

14 28 42 56

BER threshold

(10^6)

-113

-110

-107

-100

-113

-110

-107

-100

-111

-109

-106

-99

Contact your local sales representative if you need to confirm the applicable model for your regulatory region.

ARQs

Automatic Repeat reQuests (ARQs): When enabled, ARQs confirm successful reception of data transmitted over the air. Each time a radio (originator) transmits data, the receiving radio replies with an acknowledgement back to the originator, confirming successful reception of the data. If an acknowledgement is not received by the originator within an acceptable time frame, the originator declares the data lost and retransmits the data. The number of retransmit attempts is user configurable (i.e. when ARQ = 2, there will be a maximum of two retransmit attempts per message).

When Ethernet data is not successfully transmitted over a radio network (i.e. due to a data collision), Ethernet devices can interpret this as network congestion, resulting in unnecessary slow down of SCADA polling. ARQs increase the probability of successful transportation of data over the radio link. However, when ARQs are enabled, the capacity of the radio network is reduced, due to the ARQ acknowledgements. As only one device can generate an acknowledgement for received data, ARQs are not applicable to broadcast or multicast traffic

Typical data transaction with ARQ enabled

The example below shows the ARQ behavior between a pair of radios during a typical data transaction.

Host Application to Entry

Point

SCADA POLL SCADA POLL SCADA POLL

ARQ ACK

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Entry Point to Remote Remote to RTU

(ARQ flag enabled)

ARQ ON

(ARQ flag enabled)

ARQ ON

RTU RESPONSE

RTU RESPONSE RTU RESPONSE

ARQ ACK

Part D – Feature Detail

Automatic Retry Example

The example below shows the ARQ behavior between a pair of radios when a packet is lost during a transmission (ARQ =1).

Host Application to Entry

Point

Entry Point to Remote Remote to RTU

SCADA POLL Lost

SCADA POLL

ARQ ON

Acknowledgement wait time

(Automatic Retry)

SCADA POLL

RTU RESPONSE RTU RESPONSE

ARQ ACK

SCADA POLL

ARQ ON

RTU RESPONSE

ARQ ACK

The radio will wait 500ms for an acknowledgement, before sending an automatic retry. It is recommended that the SCADA host poll response time out time is configured to be a minimum of 3 seconds.

20 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Dynamic Speed Selection Example

Part D – Feature Detail

Dynamic Speed Selection

Traditional narrow band SCADA data radios achieved wireless communication over long distances by transmitting at low RF data rates (typically 9600bps or less). Modern SCADA systems require faster RF data rates, due to the need to support additional traffic for Ethernet and IP. However, reliable transmission over long distances at faster RF data rates, can be difficult to achieve.

To assist in reliable data transmission over long distances at faster RF data rates, the Trio Q data radios utilise dynamic speed selection. Dynamic speed selection provides the following enhancements:

• Operation at the fastest possible RF speeds

• Measurement of Quality of Service - QoS (success of data delivery to other end) and

• Automatically adjusting to a slower RF speed to improve quality, if QoS is inadequate

Dynamic speed selection is individual for each remote in a point to multipoint (PTMP) system. Should one remote need to operate at a slower RF speed due to limited received RF signal, others will continue to operate at the fastest possible RF speed as dictated by their own received RF signal strength for that specific site.

RF Data Rate vs RF Sensitivity

As stated earlier in this section, Trio Q Data Radios have four different RF speeds for each channel bandwidth selection (12.5kHz or 25kHz). Each RF speed has a corresponding receiver 1 x 10-6 BER (Bit Error Rate) sensitivity. The slower the RF speed, the better RF sensitivity, and therefore the longer the range for a given level of reliability.

Medium Speed

Low Speed

The further away from the master station, the weaker the received signal. Slower RF speeds are required for an acceptable level of reliability.

Consider the example shown in the diagram above. An entry point / base station is located in a fixed position. When communicating with a remote radio, RF energy between the two radios diminishes in strength as the signal propagates over distance.

In a system with out dynamic RF speed selection, the user would need to configure a suitable fixed RF speed, dependent on the signal strength at the remote site. In most applications, a minimum of 20dB fade margin is recommended for reliable operation (due to rain fades, cable degradation, multipath fading, etc). If the remote radio is fixed at a specific RF speed, then in order to maintain a received signal 20dB above the 1E-6 BER sensitivity (20dB fade margin), the user would need to decrease the RF speed when the receiving radio is further away from the transmitter. This is depicted in the diagram above by the concentric rings showing what RF speed can needs to be selected in order to maintain a 20dB fade margin.

Very High Speed

High Speed

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Part D – Feature Detail

Consider now, in the below example where dynamic RF speed selection is enabled. Now that the receiving radio can adjust its RF speed dynamically, a faster RF speed can be chosen for normal operation. Even though the faster RF speed will not provide 20dB of fade margin, the system is still reliable because dynamic speed selection will drop down in RF speed when a signal fade occurs.

Dynamic Speed - No Obstructions

• Multiple different RF speeds can be utilised simultaneously, as dictated by the site distance from the base station.

• Each site will operated at the fastest possible RF speed.

Old Technology - No Obstructions

• Older technology can only operate at the same fixed RF speed, normally dictated by the site requiring the longest range.

• All other sites are compromised by having to operate at the slower RF speed

22 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Part D – Feature Detail

Dynamic speed selection derives QoS from both RSSI (Received Signal Strength) and ARQ performance in order to maintain a radio link operating at the fastest speed possible for the given quality of the link.

Each radio stores a table of destination MAC addresses vs fastest RF speed in a dynamic speed cache, using information learned from previous transactions over the air. In this way, the radio dynamically learns what RF speed should be chosen for a transmission. Should the transmission generate an ARQ, the radio will drop down in RF speed to improve reliability of data delivery.

In the event that radio has not yet learnt the fastest RF speed for a destination MAC, the message will be transmitted out at the slowest RF speed in the given bandwidth, to provide the highest sensitivity, and therefore the highest reliability.

As broadcast and multicast addresses are potentially destined for multiple radios these types messages will always be transmitted at the slowest speed. The following diagrams show how the RF data rate can be influenced by obstructions:

Dynamic Speed - With Obstructions

• Radios which detect reduced QoS (Quality of Service) can increase reliability by dynamically reducing their RF speed to the base station.

• Sites which are not impacted by reduced QoS remain unchanged.

Old Technology - With Obstructions

• Older technology does not have the ability to monitor the radio link QoS or dynamically adjust the over the air data rate, which can result in loss of communications.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Part D – Feature Detail

Dynamic Speed Cache

The dynamic speed cache is used by a radio to record specific external values that are learnt. These values are then used by other processes within the radio (such as dynamic speed and ARQ) to help ensure optimum performance is achieved over the radio channel.

External values that are learnt are shown in the table below.

Remote Host MAC Associated Radio Serial Number RSSI level

Remote Host MAC: The MAC address of a device which is connected to a remote radio.

Associated Radio Serial Number: The Unique ID of a remote radio with which the Remote Host Device/MAC is associated with.

RSSI level: The signal strength received from the radio specified within the associated radio serial number field.

A typical data packet structure is shown below. (For the purposes of this example, the preamble, Ethernet type and CRC fields have been excluded.)

Destination MAC Source MAC Datagram

Data packets sent over the air between radios have an additional field appended. An example is shown below.

Destination MAC Source MAC Datagram

As broadcast and multicast addresses are potentially destined for multiple radios these types messages will always be transmitted at the slowest speed.

Radio Headers

Source Radio Serial Number

ARQ Flag

24 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Part D – Feature Detail

E-Series Emulation Mode

The Q data radios can be configured to operate in E-Series emulation mode. This can allow the replacement of existing E-Series radio networks to be upgraded to Q data radio systems at a pace the user defines.

E-Series Emulation Mode can provide:

• A cost effective upgrade to a Q data radio network

• Minimise SCADA connectivity downtime during an upgrade

• A greater subset of features once the radio network is fully upgraded, as E-Series emulation mode is a user configurable feature.

The diagram below shows how an existing E-Series radio system can be progressively upgraded to a Q data radio system by replacing E-Series radios ‘One by One’ with Q data radios operating in E-Series emulation mode.

Once all E-Series have been replaced, the Q data radios may be re-configured to operate in Q mode, to provide advanced features and functionallities of the Q data radios.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Part D – Feature Detail

Collision Avoidance

Introduction

In many SCADA and remote Telemetry applications, there exists the potential for over the air data collisions between radios. This can occur when multiple asynchronous data traffic is present on the radio channel, such as SCADA polling, SCADA exception reports, SNMP traps, pings and ARP requests.

In two frequency systems, collisions may occur on the receive channel of an Entry Point or Repeater radio, due to two or more remotes transmitting simultaneously. If this occurs, the radio will receive a corrupted message from both radios and a re-try will be required. Similarly, in simplex (single frequency) systems, collisions may occur on any receiving radio when two or more radio transmit simultaneously.

In two frequency systems, collision avoidance minimises the chance of collisions by configuring one radio, as the collision avoidance master, which informs remote radios when the master’s receive RF channel is busy. Remotes will check whether the master is allowing access to the channel before a transmission occurs. If the channel is free, the remote will transmit. if the channel is busy, the remote will buffer the message and execute a small random delay (in case multiple remotes have data to send), then attempt to access the channel again. By avoiding collisions the SCADA system is able to operate more efficiently, with fewer retries. Similarly, in simplex (single frequency) systems, remote radios can detect when the Entry Point or Repeater radio is transmitting, and wait for it finish, before transmitting itself.

For two frequency systems, there are two different modes of collision avoidance:

• Carrier Detect - Remote radios in a carrier detect collision avoidance system, listen for a transmission (carrier) from the collision avoidance master, to determine if the collision avoidance master is currently busy receiving a transmission from another remote. When the collision avoidance master receives a transmission from a remote, it activates its own transmitter, indicating to all other remotes that the channel is busy.

In this mode of operation, remote radios can not distinguish between the collision avoidance master transmitting data and the collision avoidance master indicating the channel is busy.

Carrier Detect Mode can also be used without a collision avoidance master. This is typically implemented in simplex systems, or systems with a small number of remotes.

• ChannelShare+™ - Remote radios in a ChannelShare+ collision avoidance system, monitor a channel busy flag in the digital data stream transmitted from the collision avoidance master to determine if the collision avoidance master is currently busy receiving a transmission from another remote. When the collision avoidance master receives a transmission from a remote, it activates its own transmitter and sets the channel busy flag, indicating to all other remote the channel is busy. However, unlike carrier detect mode, if the collision avoidance master needs to transmit data to remotes, it can do so and clear the channel busy flag.

In this mode of operation, remote radios can distinguish between the collision avoidance master transmitting data and the collision avoidance master indicating the channel is busy. Even if the collision avoidance master is transmitting data, a remote radio can transmit data back to the collision avoidance master. In this way the radio system can fully utilise the full duplex capabilities of the Entry Point or the Repeater (collision avoidance master). The channel busy flag consumes a small amount of bandwidth in the collision avoidance master to remote direction. However, as this direction is one to many, it has negligible impact on radio network capacity.

ChannelShare+ can be used in two frequency, PTMP and PTMP/R system topologies where the Entry Point or Repeater is full duplex. It is not available in simplex systems, or where the Entry Point/Repeater is half duplex or in PTMP via multiple Repeaters system topologies.

26 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Part D – Feature Detail

Collision avoidance operational examples:

Collision avoidance (C/A) has a number of user configurable parameters. These parameters work together with the specific mode of C/A chosen to minimise the number of collisions on the radio channel. Interaction of these parameters in C/A is best explained by reviewing the operational flow charts for common C/A configurations.

ChannelShare+™ Example 1

This flow chart shows the C/A operation in a remote radio with the following configuration:

Data waiting to be

transmitted

• C/A: ChannelShare+

• Backoff Method: Retry After Tx attempt

• Backoff time:

- Max Slots: 16

- Slot Time: 20ms

Is C/A busy

flag set?

Transmit data to

C/A master

• Data Priority: Tx Data

When data is ready to be transmitted, the remote radio checks the C/A busy flag to see if it is set (i.e. is the C/A master receiver busy). If the C/A busy flag is clear, the data is transmitted to the C/A master. If the C/A busy

Wait a random

Yes

time

flag is set, the radio waits a random time before trying again.

As it is possible that there may be more than one radio waiting to transmit data to the C/A master, a random wait time is applied, to avoid two radios waiting the same time, retrying and then colliding. There are multiple configurable parameters involved in when the wait time is applied and what amount of time is waited.

• Backoff Method - Defines ‘when’ a radio will implement the backoff time. In this example, the backoff method is configured to ‘Retry After Tx Attempt’. If the C/A busy flag is clear, the remote will transmit data immediately. If the C/A busy flag is set, the remote will wait a random Backoff time and try again.

The Backoff time is calculated by choosing a random number between 1 and ‘Max Slots’ (in this example 16) and multiplying the number by the ‘Slot Time’ (in this example 20ms). In any remote radio, a smaller number of ‘Max Slots’ and ‘Slot Time’ can be configured to reduce the random Backoff time, which will increase the rate at which the radio checks the C/A busy flag. In effect, a radio with a smaller backoff time has a higher probability of transmitting its data first, in a situation where multiple remote radios are waiting for access the channel.

As the data priority is configured for Tx Data, the radio will transmit data even when an incoming data packet it being received.

This collision avoidance configuration provides maximum radio channel efficiency and are recommended when there is multiple asynchronous data traffic on the radio channel.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Part D – Feature Detail

ChannelShare+™ Example 2

This flow chart shows the C/A operation in a remote

Data waiting to be

transmitted

radio with the following configuration:

• C/A: ChannelShare+

• Backoff Method: Delay Before Tx attempt

• Backoff time:

Wait a random

time

- Max Slots: 16

- Slot Time: 20ms

• Data Priority: Tx Data

When data is ready to be transmitted, the remote radio waits a random time before checking the C/A busy flag

Is C/A busy

flag set?

Transmit data to

C/A master

to see if it is set (i.e. is the C/A master receiver busy). If the C/A busy flag is clear, the data is transmitted to the C/A master. If the C/A busy flag is set, the radio repeats

Yes

the wait time and tries again.

The primary difference when compared to example 1, is that the radio applies the random wait time before any attempt is made to check the C/A busy flag.

This collision avoidance configuration provides maximum radio channel efficiency when there is synchronous data traffic on the radio channel (i.e. GPS timing, synchronous exception reports) .

Rx data ‘Priority’:

In PTMP/R system topologies, where the Entry Point radio is half duplex, the configuration of Rx data priority may be required. This is particularly useful for asynchronous traffic, such as a combination of SCADA exception reporting and polling. In this scenario, the probability that a data packet currently being receive by the Entry Point radio is for the Entry Point radio and not for a remote, is high. Therefore, without Rx data priority, incoming packets to the Entry Point radio would be lost if priority was given to transmitting packets.

28 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Part D – Feature Detail

Compression

In determining whether to use compression, the type of application and the latency requirements may need to be considered. Compression will typically reduce the size of data packets being sent over the radio channel, if the original data is compressible, at the expense of slightly (ie: a few milliseconds) longer latency. SCADA traffic such as DNP3 or Modbus are well suited to compression. Applying compression to data that is highly random (ie: encrypted data) should be avoided as it is unlikely to be compressible. Compression is enabled by default.

Ethernet Filtering

Ethernet filtering provides an easy to configure Layer 2 filtering mechanism, which can help prevent unnecessary Ethernet traffic and increasing channel loading. There are various different addressing methodologies that can be filtered, which include:

Unicast:

Unicast is an addressing methodology that delivers messages to a single network destination identified by a unique address.

Multicast:

Multicast is an addressing methodology that delivers messages to a group of destination addresses simultaneously in a single transmission. Spanning tree messages are an example of multicast messages.

Broadcast:

Broadcast is an addressing methodology that delivers messages to every device on a network. The broadcast address of a device is calculated from the subnet mask. If all devices within a network use a common network mask, the broadcast address will also be common.

Although typical SCADA applications only require Unicast & ARP data, the filtering mechanism provides the option to allow:

• All Ethernet traffic

• Unicast & ARP only (ARP is primarily used by networks to identify which physical devices own which IP addresses).

• Unicast only (Only used when a MAC address table is statically assigned).

• Or allow traffic from a single MAC address only.

Although Spanning tree messages are multicast messages, they are also filtered out unless the user is allowing all Ethernet traffic to pass. This also helps to prevent unnecessary channel loading.

Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

Part D – Feature Detail

Connectivity

Embedded Serial Device Server

A serial device server can perform two tasks: encapsulate serial data within IP headers to allow transportation of the serial data over a LAN/WAN, or take IP encapsulated serial data, strip off the IP headers and output the raw serial data. Normally, systems require a standalone device server to integrate external serial devices at remotes sites into a managed LAN/WAN. Q data radios provide the functionality of two embedded device servers which avoids the requirement for an external device server. The example below shows a traditional IP radio, Ethernet to serial topology, using an external device server.

In a system that requires a serial connection to a remote end device and an Ethernet connection at the Host application end, the device server should be enabled within the remote radio. When the embedded device server is enabled, the remote radio provides the same functionality as if there was an external device server at the remote site. This functionality is also available in a PTMP system.

Device Server mode provides an easily configurable mechanism for transporting serial traffic that does not have any built-in addressing. The benefit of the device server feature is that device addressing can be performed using IP addresses for nonaddressable serial protocols, without the need for external terminal servers or managing serial devices using the IP address of the remote radio.

Features of the embedded serial device server include:

• Support for two independent fully configurable serial device servers.

• Support for three transport protocols: TCP, UDP and PPP.

• Support for three modes of TCP operation: Client mode, Server mode and Client/Server mode.

• User-configurable port numbers.

• Support for up to 4 simultaneous TCP connections when operating in server mode.

The diagram below shows a typical setup using the device server functionality in remote radios.

30 Document Number: 0100SM1401 Issue: 05-15

+ 108 hidden pages

Schneider Electric Systems Canada QR450A, QB450QP450A User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Part A – Preface

Safety Information

Revision History

Important Information

Compliance Information

Part B – Feature Overview

Introduction

Features and Benefits

Q Data Radio Range

Part C – System Topologies & Operating Modes

System Topologies

Operating Modes

Part D – Feature Detail

Hardware

Efficiency and Bandwidth

Connectivity