Schneider Electric Systems Canada MR450-X003 User Manual

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

User Manual

M Series Data Radio

MR450 Remote Data Radio

Incorporating compatible

EB450 Base Station & EH450 Hot Standby Base Station

www.trio.com.au

Issue 1: August 2004

Page 1

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Contents

SECTION 1 3

Part A – Preface 4

Warranty 4 Important Notice 4 Warning - RF Exposure 4 Related Products 5 Other Related Documentation and Products 5 Revision History 5

Part B – M Series Overview 6

Definition of M Series Data Radio 6 M Series Product Range 6 M Series – Features and Benefits 6 Model Number Codes 7 Standard Accessories 8

Part C – Applications 9

Application Detail 9 Systems Architecture 10

Part D – System Planning and Design 12

Understanding RF Path Requirements 12 Examples of Predictive Path Modelling 13 Selecting Antennas 15 Data Connectivity 16 Power Supply and Environmental Considerations 19 Physical Dimensions - Remote Data Radio - MR450 20 Physical Dimensions - Base Station - EB450 21 Physical Dimensions - Hot Standby Base Station - EH450 22

SECTION 2 39

Part H – TVIEW+ Management Suite Programmer 40

Introduction 40 Installation 40 TVIEW+ Front Panel 41 Programmer 41

Part I – Specifications 49

MR450 Specifications 49 EB450 Specifications 50 EH450 Specifications 51

Part J – Support Options 52

Website Information 52 E-mail Technical Support 52 Telephone Technical Support 52 Contacting the Service Department 52

Part E – Getting Started 23

MR450 Quick Start Guide 23 EB450 Quick Start Guide 29 EH450 Quick Start Guide 32

Part F – Commissioning 37

Power-up 37 LED Indicators 37 Data Transfer Indications 37 Antenna Alignment and RSSI Testing 37 Link Establishment and BER Testing 37

Part G – Maintenance 38

Routine Maintenance Considerations 38

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M Series Data Radio – User Manual

SECTION 1

Part A - Preface

Part B - M Series Overview

Part C - Applications

Part D - System Planning and Design

Part E - Getting Started

Part F - Commissioning

Part G - Maintenance

Page 3

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part A – Preface

Warranty

Part A - Preface

All equipment supplied by Trio DataCom Pty Ltd is covered by warranty for faulty workmanship and parts for a period of twelve (12) months from the date of delivery to the customer. During the warranty period Trio DataCom Pty Ltd shall, at its option, repair or replace faulty parts or equipment provided the fault has not been caused by misuse, accident, deliberate damage, abnormal atmosphere, liquid immersion or lightning discharge; or where attempts have been made by unauthorised persons to repair or modify the equipment.

The warranty does not cover modifications to software. All equipment for repair under warranty must be returned freight paid to Trio DataCom Pty Ltd or to such other place as Trio DataCom Pty Ltd shall nominate. Following repair or replacement the equipment shall be returned to the customer freight forward. If it is not possible due to the nature of the equipment for it to be returned to Trio DataCom Pty Ltd, then such expenses as may be incurred by Trio DataCom Pty Ltd in servicing the equipment in situ shall be chargeable to the customer.

When equipment for repair does not qualify for repair or replacement under warranty, repairs shall be performed at the prevailing costs for parts and labour. Under no circumstances shall Trio DataCom Pty Ltd’s liability extend beyond the above nor shall Trio DataCom Pty Ltd, its principals, servants or agents be liable for the consequential damages caused by the failure or malfunction of any equipment.

Important Notice

Warning - RF Exposure (FCC/IC)

The radio equipment described in this user manual emits low level radio frequency energy. Professional installation is required. The concentrated energy may pose a health hazard depending on the type of antenna used.

This device is intended for FIXED installation conditions. DO NOT allow people to come within 2 metres (6.6 feet) of non-directional antennas and 6 metres (20 feet) from the front of directional antennas when the transmitter is operating.

More information is available from www.fcc.gov/oet/info/documents/ bulletins

This manual covers the operation of the M Series of Digital Data Radios. Specifications described are typical only and are subject to normal manufacturing and service tolerances.

Trio DataCom Pty Ltd reserves the right to modify the equipment, its specification or this manual without prior notice, in the interest of improving performance, reliability or servicing. At the time of publication all data is correct for the operation of the equipment at the voltage and/or temperature referred to. Performance data indicates typical values related to the particular product.

This manual is copyright by Trio DataCom Pty Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of the documentation or the information supplied may be divulged to any third party without the express written permission of Trio DataCom Pty Ltd.

Same are proprietary to Trio DataCom Pty Ltd and are supplied for the purposes referred to in the accompanying documentation and must not be used for any other purpose. All such information remains the property of Trio DataCom Pty Ltd and may not be reproduced, copied, stored on or transferred to any other media or used or distributed in any way save for the express purposes for which it is supplied.

Products offered may contain software which is proprietary to Trio DataCom Pty Ltd. However, the offer of supply of these products and services does not include or infer any transfer of ownership of such proprietary information and as such reproduction or reuse without the express permission in writing from Trio DataCom Pty Ltd is forbidden. Permission may be applied for by contacting Trio DataCom Pty Ltd in writing.

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M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Related Products

ER450 Remote Data Radio EB450 Base/Repeater Station EH450 Hot Standby Base Station

Other Related Documentation and Products

E Series Quick Start Guides TVIEW+ Management Suite Digital Orderwire Voice Module (EDOVM) Multiplexer Stream Router (MSR)

Revision History

Issue 1 August 2004 Intitial Release

Part A - Preface

Page 5

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part B – M Series Overview

Definition of M Series Data Radio

The M Series is a range of wireless modems designed for the transmission of data communications for SCADA, telemetry and any other information and control applications that utilise ASCII messaging techniques. The M Series uses advanced “digital” modulation and signal processing techniques to achieve exceptionally high data throughput efficiency using traditional licensed narrow band radio channels.

These products are available in many frequency band and regulatory formats, to suit spectrum bandplans in various continental regions. The range is designed for both fixed point to point (PTP), and multiple address (MAS) or point to multipoint (PMP) systems.

M Series Product Range

The M Series range consists of the a half duplex “Remote” radio modem and provision to use an E Series Base Station, including an optional Hot Standby controller to control two base station units in a redundant configuration.

Frequency band variants are indicated by the band prefix and model numbering. (See Model Number Codes)

M Series – Features and Benefits

• 395-520 MHz band operation

• 0.1 to 5 watt transmitter output power

• Software selectable Tx and Rx frequencies

• Simplex or half duplex operation with any Tx-Rx splits

• One model suitable for 12.5 and 25 kHz channel spacing

• Synthesized digital data radio design

• High frequency stability

• Professional N Type antenna connector

• Separate versions for true 9600 bps or 2400/4800 bps over-air data rates

• Fully integrated DSP based data modem

• High data integrity - CRC error checking

• User configurable 300-19,200 bps asynch RS-232 port

• Fully transparent 3 wire user interface

• Intelligent transmitter control - auto Tx on data

• Compatible with most industry standard data protocols, e.g., MODBUS, DNP-3, IEC 870-5-101 etc.

MR450 Remote Radio

EB450 Base / Repeater Station

• Multi-function bi-colour Tx/Rx data LEDs showing Port activity (breakout box style), as well as LEDs indicating Tx, Rx, RF Signal, Data Synchronisation and DC Power status of the radio.

• Compatible with E-Series Base / Repeater Station (EB) and Hot Standby Base Station (EH)

Page 6

EH450 Hot Standby Base Station

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

A02

)

Model Number Codes

D, E, S & M Series Data Radios - Part Number Matrix = Tyxxx-aabbb-cde

T y xxx- aa bbb- cd e

Part B – M Series Overview

RF Channel Data Rate & Bandwidth (Internal Mode

D Serie

= ACA 4800bps 12.5kHz = ACA 9600bps 25kHz

F01

= FCC 9600bps 12.5kHz

Frequency (200 & 400 MHz Bands

39= 208 to 240MHz (Tx & Rx 46= 370 to 388MHz (Tx & Rx 47= 380 to 396MHz (Tx & Rx 48 = 395 to 406MHz (Tx & Rx 50 = 403 to 417MHz (Tx & Rx 58 = (Tx) 406 to 421MHz (Rx) 415 to 430MH 59= (Tx) 415 to 430MHz (Rx) 406 to 421MH 56= 418 to 435MHz (Tx & Rx 57= 428 to 444MHz (Tx & Rx 55 = 436 to 450MHz (Tx & Rx) 18 = (Tx) 943 to 961MHz (Rx) 916 to 938MHz ** 51 = 450 to 465MHz (Tx & Rx) 52 = 465 to 480MHz (Tx & Rx) 53 = 480 to 494MHz (Tx & Rx) Note: Other frequency bands available upon request. 60 = 490 to 500MHz (Tx & Rx) 54 = 505 to 518MHz (Tx & Rx) 27 = (Tx) 511 to 515MHz (Rx) 501 to 505MHz

M = 395 to 465MHz (Tx & Rx) (M Series Only) H = 450 to 520MHz (Tx & Rx) (M Series Only)

Generic Frequency Band

200 = 208 to 245MHz (D & S Series only) * Additional charges apply. Must be ordered separately. Please refer to price list. 450 = 370 to 518MHz (E, M & S Series only) 900 = 800 to 960MHz (D & S Series only) [ ] Items in [ ] parenthesis refer to actual Trio part numbers

Unit Typ

R = Remote Station Standards: B = Base / Repeater Station FCC - Federal Communications Commission S = Standard Base / Repeater Station (D Series Only) ETSI - European Telecommunication Standards Institute H = Hot Standby Base / Repeater (D, E & M Series Only)

Model Typ

D = D Series Family

= E Serie

Famil

= S Series Famil

Example:

E M = M Series Family S

E R 450- 51 A02- D0

Options - Base Stations

0 = No Options 0 = No Options

= 450MHz Band Reject

= 450MHz Band Pas

= 900MHz Band Rejec

= 900MHz Band Pas

= 900MHz Band Pass

Options

Note: Specify Internally or Externally fitted. Externally fitted duplexes require feeder tails.

0 = No Options D = Diagnostics - [DIAGS/D, DIAGS/DH, DIAGS/E or DIAGS/EH, DIAGS/M] (D, E & M Series Only) E = Hazardous Environment Class 1, Div 2 and Diagnostics [HAZ-APROVAL/M + DIAGS/M] (M Series) N = Remote Fitted into NEMA Enclosure [NEMA 4/R] F = Full Duplex Operation [ERFD450] (ER450 only) X = Full Duplex Operation [ERFD450 & DIAGS/E] (ER450 only) S = SMA Connector (SR450 Remote Only)

S Serie

001

= 12.5kHz (No Modem Fitted)

= 25kHz (No Modem Fitted)

241

= 2400bps in 12.5kHz [24SR]*

= 2400bps in 25kHz [24SR]*

= 4800bps in 25kHz [48SR]*

Typically Internal [DUPLX450BR]

(<9MHz split)[DUPLX450BR/5]

[DUPLX450BP]

Typically Internal [DUPLX900BR]

[DUPLX900BP]

(76MHz split)[DUPLX852/930]

E Serie

= ACA 480

= ACA 960 = FCC 9600#/ 19K2bps 12.5kHz

F01 F0

= FCC 19k2bps 25kHz

E01

= ETSI 9600bps 12.5kHz

= ETSI 19k2bps 25kHz

Frequency (800 & 900 MHz Band) (D & S Series Only

07= (Tx) 847 to 857MHz (Rx) 923 to 933MHz (D Series only, 1W Full Duple 10 = (Tx) 848 to 858MHz (Rx) 920 to 934MH 06= (Tx) 923 to 933MHz (Rx) 847 to 857MHz (D Series only, 1W Full Duple 11 = (Tx) 920 to 934MHz (Rx) 848 to 858MH 12= 855 to 860MHz (Tx & Rx 14 = (Tx) 925 to 943MHz (Rx) 906 to 924MHz * 15= (Tx) 904 to 922MHz (Rx) 925 to 943MHz * 16= 924 to 944MHz (Tx & Rx) * 17= (Tx) 919 to 937MHz (Rx) 943 to 959MHz *

NOTES:

Provides compatibility with D Series radio

** Consult factory for availability.

ACA - Australian Communications Authority

The example shown specifies: E Series, Remote Radio, generic 450MHz band, with a specific frequency of 450MHz to 465MHz, a 96/19.2kbps modem, with a bandwidth of 25kHz, diagnostics and standard N type connector.

Options - Hot Standby Configurations

Duplexe

Number Type

A - - - Separate Tx & Rx B - - Dual [x4] Separate Tx & Rx C Single Internal Single Combined Tx/Rx D Dual [x2] Internal Dual [x2] Combined Tx/Rx E Single External Single Combined Tx/Rx F Dual [x2] External Dual [x2] Combined Tx/Rx

/ 9600bps 12.5H

/ 19k2bps 25kHz

Antenn Antenna

Confi

M Serie

001

= 2400bps 12.5KHz / 4800bps 25kHz

= 4800bps 12.5KHz / 9600bps 25kHz

= FCC 9600bps 12.5KHz

NOTE: M Series Compatible EB/EH450 Base Stations are Type A01 or F01

Antenna Type

Version: 4/04

Page 7

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Standard Accessories

Part B – M Series Overview

Part Number Description

Duplexers

DUPLX450BR Duplexer BAND REJECT 400-520 MHz for use

with Base / Repeater / Links. For Tx / Rx frequency splits >9MHz. (Fitted Externally for a Link, Internally or Externally for Base / Repeater)

DUPLX450BR/5 Duplexer BAND REJECT 400-520 MHz for use

with Base / Repeater / Links. For Tx / Rx frequency splits <9MHz. (Fitted Externally)

DUPLX450BP Duplexer PSEUDO BAND PASS Cavity 400-

520 MHz for External use with Base / Repeater / Links.

Notes:

1. Frequencies must be specified at time of order.

2. Interconnecting (Feeder Tail) cables must be ordered separately for Externally fitted Duplexers.

Antennas

ANT450/9A Antenna Yagi 6 Element 9dBd Aluminium 400-520

MHz c/w mtg clamps

ANT450/9S Antenna Yagi 6 Element 9dBd S/Steel 400-520

MHz c/w mtg clamps

ANT450/13A Antenna Yagi15 Element 13dBd Aluminium 400-

520 MHz c/w mtg clamps.

ANT450/13S Antenna Yagi 15 Element 13dBd S/Steel 400-520

MHz c/w mtg clamps.

ANTOMNI/4 Antenna Omnidirectional Unity Gain Side Mount

Dipole 400-520 MHz c/w galv. clamp

ANT450/D Antenna Omnidirectional Unity Gain Ground

Independent Dipole 400-520 MHz c/w 3m cable, mounting bracket & BNC connector

ANT450/6OM Antenna Omnidirectional 6dBd 400-520 MHz c/w

mtg clamps

ANT450/9OM Antenna Omnidirectional 9dBd 400-520 MHz c/w

mtg clamps

Note:

1. Frequencies must be specified at time of order.

Power Supplies

RF Cables and Accessories

NM/NM/TL Feeder Tail - N Male to N Type Male 50cm fully

sweep tested

NM/NM/TLL Feeder Tail - N Male to N Type Male 1 metre fully

sweep tested

RFCAB5M 5.0m RG-58 type Antenna Feeder Cable

terminated with N type Male Connectors

RFCAB5M2 5.0m RG-213 type Antenna Feeder Cable

terminated with N type Male Connectors

RFCAB10M 10.0m RG-213 type Antenna Feeder Cable

terminated with N type Male Connectors

RFCAB20M 20.0m RG-213 type Antenna Feeder Cable

terminated with N type Male Connectors

RFCAB20M4 20.0m LDF4-50 type (1/2" foam dialectric)

Antenna Feeder Cable terminated with N type Male Connectors

LGHTARRST Lightning Surge Arrestor In-line N Female to N

Female

Network Management Diagnostics

DIAGS/M Network Management and Remote Diagnostics

Facilities per Radio – M Series

DIAGS/E Network Management and Remote Diagnostics

Facilities per Radio – E Series for EB450

DIAGS/EH Network Management and Remote Diagnostics

Facilities – E Series for EH450

Software

TVIEW+ Configuration, Network Management and Remote

Diagnostics Software

Other

NEMA 4 /R Stainless Steel Enclosure for Remote Site

Equipment. Size 600mm (h) x 600mm (d) x 580mm (w) – Room for Third Party RTU / PLC equip. (Approx. 400 (h) x 600 (d) x 580mm (w)

EDOVM Digital Order Wire Voice Module

ERFDTRAY 19" Rack Tray for Mounting of ER450 Full Duplex

Radio and External Band Reject Duplexer

TVIEW+MSeries M Series Programming Cable

PS13V82A Power Supply 13.8V 2A 240VAC

PS13V810A Power Supply Switch Mode 240VAC 13.8V 10A

for Base Stations – Battery Charge Capability

Part Number Description

Page 8

M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part C – Applications

Generic Connectivity

The M Series has been designed for SCADA and telemetry applications, and any other applications that use an ASCII communications protocol, and which connect physically using the RS232 interface standard (although converters can be used to adapt other interfaces such as RS422/485, RS530/V35, G703 etc).

Any protocol that can be displayed using a PC based terminal program operating via a serial communications port is suitable for transmission by the M Series radio modems.

An ASCII protocol is any that consists of message strings formed from ASCII characters, that being defined as a 10 or 11 bit block including start and stop bits, 7 or 8 data bits and optional parity bit(s). Port set-up dialog that includes the expressions “N,8,1”, or E,7,2” or similar indicate an ASCII protocol.

Most of the dominant telemetry industry suppliers utilise proprietary ASCII protocols, and also common 'open standard” industry protocols such as DNP3, MODBUS, TCP/IP, and PPP. These are all ASCII based protocols.

Industries and Applications

The M Series products are widely used in point-to-point and point-tomultipoint (multiple access) applications for remote interconnection of PLCs, RTUs, dataloggers, and other data monitoring and control devices - including specialist utility devices (such as powerline ACRs). In addition, other applications such as area wide security and alarm systems, public information systems (traffic flow and public signage systems) and environmental monitoring systems.

Application Detail

SCADA Systems

This is where one or more centralised control sites are used to monitor and control remote field devices over wide areas. Examples include regional utilities monitoring and controlling networks over entire shires or a greater city metropolis. Industry sectors include energy utilities (gas and electricity distribution), water and sewerage utilities, catchment and environment groups (rivers, dams and catchment management authorities).

Telemetry Systems

Dedicated telemetry control systems interconnecting sequential devices either where cabling is not practical or distances are considerable.

Examples include:

• ore conveyor or slurry pipeline systems

• simple water systems (pump and reservoir interlinking)

• broadcast industry (linking studio to transmitter) etc.

Information Systems

Public Information systems such as freeway vehicle flow, travel time monitoring, feedback signage, parking signage systems and meteorological stations etc.

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M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Systems Architecture

Point-to-Point

This simple system architecture provides a virtual connection between the two points, similar to a cable. Operation is half-duplex.

Part C – Applications

Point-to-Multipoint Systems

In a multiple access radio system, messages can be broadcast from one (master) site to all others, either using a half duplex radio system or from any site to all others, using a simplex radio channel.

Half duplex systems often utilise a full duplex master (EB or EH), to make the system simpler and for faster operation.

In either case, it will be necessary for the application to support an addressing system, since the master needs to be able to select which remote device it wishes to communicate with. The radio system operates “transparently”, allowing the application’s protocol to provide the addressing, and thus control the traffic.

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M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Digipeater Systems

This configuration is used where all sites are required to communicate via a repeater site. A repeater site is used because it has a position and/or height advantage and thus provides superior or extended RF coverage. The radio modem at the repeater does not have to be physically connected to the application’s master site. Information from the application’s master is transmitted to the repeater via radio, and the repeater then relays this information to the other field sites. In this scenario, the repeater is the master from an RF point of view, and the application master is effectively a “remote” from an RF point of view, even though it is controlling the data transfer on the system.

Part C – Applications

E Series Backbone Store and Forward Systems (Using M Series Remotes)

Store and forward is used as a way of extending RF coverage by repeating data messages from one site to another.

Example shows E Series Backbone with E or M Series remotes.

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M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part D – System Planning and Design

Understanding RF Path Requirements

A radio modem needs a minimum amount of received RF signal to operate reliably and provide adequate data throughput.

In most cases, spectrum regulatory authorities will also define or limit the amount of signal that can be transmitted, and the transmitted power will decay with distance and other factors, as it moves away from the transmitting antenna.

It follows, therefore, that for a given transmission level, there will be a finite distance at which a receiver can operate reliably with respect to the transmitter.

Apart from signal loss due to distance, other factors that will decay a signal include obstructions (hills, buildings, foliage), horizon (effectively the bulge between two points on the earth), and (to a minimal extent at UHF frequencies) factors such as fog, heavy rain-bursts, dust storms, etc.

In order to ascertain the available RF coverage from a transmitting station, it will be necessary to consider these factors. This can be done in a number of ways, including

(a) using basic formulas to calculate the theoretically available

signal - allowing only for free space loss due to distance,

(b) using sophisticated software to build earth terrain models and

apply other correction factors such as earth curvature and the effects of obstructions, and

It is good design practice to consider the results of at least two of these models to design a radio path.

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M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part D – System Planning and Design

Examples of Predictive Path Modelling

Clear line of site

Radio path with good signal levels, attenuated only by free space loss.

goodpath.pl3 Major Repeater Site Field Site

Elevation (m)

Latitude 031 04 37.49 S 030 56 24.00 S

Longitude 150 57 26.34 E 150 38 48.00 E

Azimuth

Antenna Type ANT450/6OM ANT450/9AL

Antenna Height (m)

Antenna Gain (dBi)

Antenna Gain (dBd)

TX Line Type LDF4-50 LDF4-50

TX Line Length (m)

TX Line Unit Loss (dB/100 m)

TX Line Loss (dB)

Connector Loss (dB)

Frequency (MHz)

Path Length (km) Free Space Loss (dB) Diffraction Loss (dB)

Net Path Loss (dB)

Radio Type Model EB450 ER450

TX Power (watts)

TX Power (dBW) Effective Radiated Power (watts) Effective Radiated Power (dBW)

RX Sensitivity Level (uv)

RX Sensitivity Level (dBW) -140.00 -135.00

RX Signal (uv)

RX Signal (dBW) -103.75 -96.76

RX Field Strength (uv/m)

Fade Margin (dB)

Raleigh Service Probability (%)

756.69 309.67

297.05 117.21

40.00 5.00

8.15 11.15

6.00 9.00

40.00 5.00

6.79 6.79

2.72 0.34

2.00 2.00

450.00

33.33

115.99

0.00

103.75 103.75

5.00 1.00

6.99 0.00

6.71 4.63

8.27 6.66

0.71 1.26

45.93 102.70

453.14 545.42

36.25 38.24

99.976 99.985

Obstructed Radio Path

This path has an obstruction that will seriously degrade the signal arriving at the field site.

obstpath.pl3 Major Repeater Site Field Site

Elevation (m)

Latitude 030 43 55.92 S 030 56 24.00 S

Longitude 150 38 49.51 E 150 38 48.00 E

Azimuth

Antenna Type ANT450/6OM ANT450/9AL

Antenna Height (m)

Antenna Gain (dBi)

Antenna Gain (dBd)

TX Line Type LDF4-50 LDF4-50

TX Line Length (m)

TX Line Unit Loss (dB/100 m)

TX Line Loss (dB)

Connector Loss (dB)

Frequency (MHz)

Path Length (km) Free Space Loss (dB) Diffraction Loss (dB)

Net Path Loss (dB)

Radio Type Model EB450 ER450

TX Power (watts)

TX Power (dBW) Effective Radiated Power (watts) Effective Radiated Power (dBW)

RX Sensitivity Level (uv)

RX Sensitivity Level (dBW) -140.00 -135.00

RX Signal (uv)

RX Signal (dBW) -117.25 -110.26

RX Field Strength (uv/m)

Fade Margin (dB)

Raleigh Service Probability (%)

703.83 309.67

180.10 0.10

40.00 5.00

8.15 11.15

6.00 9.00

40.00 5.00

6.79 6.79

2.72 0.34

2.00 2.00

450.00

23.04

112.78

16.71

117.25 117.25

5.00 1.00

6.99 0.00

6.71 4.63

8.27 6.66

0.71 1.26

9.70 21.70

95.74 115.23

22.75 24.74

99.470 99.665

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M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part D – System Planning and Design

Effect of Earth Curvature on Long Paths

This path requires greater mast height to offset the earth curvature experienced at such a distance (73km).

longpath.pl3 Repeater Site Far Field Site

Elevation (m)

Latitude 032 01 21.63 S 032 33 00.00 S

Longitude 142 15 19.26 E 141 47 00.00 E

Azimuth

Antenna Type ANT450/6OM ANT450/9AL Antenna Height (m) Antenna Gain (dBi) Antenna Gain (dBd)

TX Line Type LDF4-50 LDF4-50 TX Line Len gth (m)

TX Line Loss (dB)

Connector Loss (dB)

Frequency (MHz)

Path Length (km) Free Space Loss (dB) Diffraction Loss (dB)

Net Path Loss (dB)

Radio Type Model EB450 ER450

TX Power (watts)

TX Power (dBW) Effective Radiated Power (watts) Effective Radiated Power (dBW)

RX Sensitivity Level (uv)

RX Sensitivity Level (dBW) -140.00 -135.00

221.26 75.58

217.12 37.37

40.00 5.00

8.15 11.15

6.00 9.00

40.00 5.00

6.79 6.79

2.72 0.34

2.00 2.00

450.00

73.46

122.85

22.94

133.55 133.55

5.00 1.00

6.99 0.00

6.72 4.64

8.27 6.66

0.71 1.26

RX Signal (uv)

RX Signal (dBW) -133.55 -126.56

RX Field Strength (uv/m)

Fade Margin (dB)

Raleigh Service Probability (%)

1.49 3.32

14.65 17.64

6.45 8.44

79.735 86.656

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M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part D – System Planning and Design

Selecting Antennas

There are basically two types of antennas – omni-directional and directional.

Omnidirectional antennas are designed to radiate signal in a 360 degrees segment around the antenna. Basic short range antennas such as folded dipoles and ground independent whips are used to radiate the signal in a “ball” shaped pattern. High gain omni antennas such as the “co-linear” compress the sphere of energy into the horizontal plane, providing a relatively flat “disc” shaped pattern which goes further because all of the energy is radiated in the horizontal plane.

Directional antennas are designed to concentrate the signal into a “beam” of energy for transmission in a single direction (i.e. for point-topoint or remote to base applications).

Beamwidths vary according to the antenna type, and so can be selected to suit design requirements. The most common UHF directional antenna is the yagi, which offers useable beam widths of 30-50 degrees. Even higher “gain” is available using parabolic “dish” type antennas such as gridpacks.

Tuning the Antenna

Many antennas are manufactured for use over a wide frequency range. Typical fixed use antennas such as folded dipoles and yagis are generally supplied with the quoted gain available over the entire specified band range, and do not require tuning. Co-linear antennas are normally built to a specific frequency specified when ordering.

With mobile “whip” type antennas, it is sometimes necessary to “tune” the antenna for the best performance on the required frequency. This is usually done by trimming an antenna element whilst measuring VSWR, or simply trimming to a manufacturer supplied chart showing length vs frequency. These antennas would normally be supplied with the tuning information provided.

Antenna Placement

When mounting the antenna, it is necessary to consider the following criteria:

The mounting structure will need to be solid enough to withstand additional loading on the antenna mount due to extreme wind, ice or snow (and in some cases, large birds).

For omni directional antennas, it is necessary to consider the effect of the mounting structure (tower mast or building) on the radiation pattern. Close in structures, particularly steel structures, can alter the radiation pattern of the antenna. Where possible, omni antennas should always be mounted on the top of the mast or pole to minimise this effect. If this is not possible, mount the antenna on a horizontal outrigger to get it at least 1-2m away from the structure. When mounting on buildings, a small mast or pole (2-4m) can significantly improve the radiation pattern by providing clearance from the building structure.

Antenna Gain

By compressing the transmission energy into a disc or beam, the antenna provides more energy (a stronger signal) in that direction, and thus is said to have a performance “gain” over a basic omni antenna. Gain is usually expressed in dBd, which is referenced to a standard folded dipole. Gain can also be expressed in dBi, which is referenced to a theoretical “isotropic” radiator. Either way, if you intend to send and receive signals from a single direction, there is advantage in using a directional antenna - both due to the increased signal in the wanted direction, and the relatively decreased signal in the unwanted direction (i.e. “interference rejection” properties).

For directional antennas, it is generally only necessary to consider the structure in relation to the forward radiation pattern of the antenna, unless the structure is metallic, and of a solid nature. In this case it is also prudent to position the antenna as far away from the structure as is practical. With directional antennas, it is also necessary to ensure that the antenna cannot move in such a way that the directional beamwidth will be affected. For long yagi antennas, it is often necessary to install a fibreglass strut to stablilise the antenna under windy conditions.

Alignment of Directional Antennas

This is generally performed by altering the alignment of the antenna whilst measuring the received signal strength. If the signal is weak, it may be necessary to pre-align the antenna using a compass, GPS, visual or map guidance in order to “find” the wanted signal. Yagi antennas have a number of lower gain “lobes” centred around the primary lobe. When aligning for best signal strength, it is important to scan the antenna through at least 90 degrees, to ensure that the centre (strongest) lobe is identified.

When aligning a directional antenna, avoid placing your hands or body in the vicinity of the radiating element or the forward beam pattern, as this will affect the performance of the antenna.

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M Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part D – System Planning and Design

RF Feeders and Protection

The antenna is connected to the radio modem by way of an RF feeder. In choosing the feeder type, one must compromise between the loss caused by the feeder, and the cost, flexibility, and bulk of lower loss feeders. To do this, it is often prudent to perform path analysis first, in order to determine how much “spare” signal can be allowed to be lost in the feeder. The feeder is also a critical part of the lightning protection system.

All elevated antennas may be exposed to induced or direct lightning strikes, and correct grounding of the feeder and mast are an essential part of this process. Gas discharge lightning arresters should also be fitted to all sites.

Note: All ETSI installations require the use of a lightning surge arrestor in order to meet EN6095. See Part A - Preface for lightning arrestor specifications.

Common Cable Types Loss per meter Loss per 10m

@ 450MHz @ 450MHz

RG58C/U 0.4426dB 4.4dB

RG213/U 0.1639dB 1.6dB

FSJ1-50 (¼” superflex) 0.1475dB 1.5dB

LDF4-50 (1/2” heliax) 0.0525dB 0.52dB

LDF5-50 (7/8” heliax) 0.0262dB 0.3dB

Data Connectivity

The V24 Standard

The M Series radio modems provide an asynchronous V24 compliant RS232 port for connection to a serial data device.

There are two types of RS232 interfaces – DTE and DCE.

DTE stands for data terminal equipment and is generally applied to any intelligent device that has a need to communicate to another device via RS232. For example: P.C. Comm ports are always DTE, as are most PLC and RTU serial ports.

DCE stands for data communication equipment and is generally applied to a device used for sending data over some medium (wires, radio, fibre etc), i.e. any MODEM.

The standard interface between a DTE and DCE device (using the same connector type) is a straight through cable (i.e. each pin connects to the same numbered corresponding pin at the other end of the cable).

The “V24” definition originally specified the DB25 connector standard, but this has been complicated by the emergence of the DB9 (pseudo) standard for asynch devices, and this connector standard has different pin assignments.

The wiring standard is “unbalanced”, and provides for three basic data transfer wires (TXD, RXD, and SG – signal ground).

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Schneider Electric Systems Canada MR450-X003 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual