Schneider Electric Systems Canada EB45E, ER45E Users Manual
E Series Ethernet Radio – User Manual
E Series Ethernet Radio
User Manual
ER45e Remote Data Radio
EB45e Base Station
EH45e Hot Standby Base Station
Version 08-10
www.triodatacom.com
Issue 3: August 2010
Page 1
E Series Ethernet Radio – User Manual
Contents
Part A – Preface 3
Warranty 3
Important Notice 3
Compliance Information 4
Warning - RF Exposure 4
Related Products 5
Other Related Documentation and Products 5
Revision History 5
Part B – E Series Ethernet Overview 6
Denition of E Series Ethernet Radio 6
E Series Ethernet Product Range 6
Features 6
Model Number Codes 8
Standard Accessories 9
Part C – Network Types 10
Introduction 10
Point-to-Point Networks (PTP) 10
Point-to-Multipoint Networks (PTMP) 11
Part D – Features 14
Modem 14
Power Supply 15
Ethernet 15
Collision Avoidance (Digital and Carrier Detect based) 16
Security 16
SNMP 17
Programmer & Diagnostics 17
Firmware Updating 17
Understanding RF Path Requirements 18
Examples of Predictive Path Modelling 18
Power Supply and Environmental Considerations 22
Physical Dimensions - Remote Data Radio - ER45e 23
Physical Dimensions - ER45e Mounting Cradle/Din Rail Mount
(Optional) 24
Mounting Cradle 24
Din Rail Mount (Optional) 24
Physical Dimensions - Base Station - EB45e 25
Physical Dimensions - Hot Standby Base Station - EH45e 26
Part G – Commissioning 43
Power-up 43
LED Indicators 43
Data Transfer Indications 43
Antenna Alignment and RSSI Testing 43
Link Establishment and BER Testing 43
VSWR Testing 43
Part H - Maintenance 44
Routine Maintenance Considerations 44
Part I – TVIEW+ Management Suite Programmer 45
Introduction 45
Installation 45
Programmer 46
TVIEW+ Front Panel 46
Part J – Appendices 60
Appendix A - Firmware Updates 60
Part K – Support Options 68
Website Information 68
E-mail Technical Support 68
Part E – Getting Started 27
ER45e Quick Start Guide 27
EB45e Quick Start Guide 34
EH45e Quick Start Guide 37
Part F - Operational Features 42
Multistream functionality (SID codes) 42
Collision Avoidance (digital and RFCD based) 42
Digipeater Operation 42
TVIEW+ Diagnostics 42
Poor VSWR Sensing 42
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E Series Ethernet Radio – User Manual
Part A – Preface
Warranty
All equipment supplied by TRIO Datacom Pty Ltd (As of 1 January
2009) is covered by warranty for faulty workmanship and parts
for a period of three (3) years from the date of delivery to the
customer. During the warranty period TRIO Datacom Pty Ltd shall,
at its option, repair or replace faulty parts or equipment provided
the fault has not been caused by misuse, accident, deliberate
damage, abnormal atmosphere, liquid immersion or lightning
discharge; or where attempts have been made by unauthorised
persons to repair or modify the equipment.
The warranty does not cover modications to software. All
equipment for repair under warranty must be returned freight paid
to TRIO Datacom Pty Ltd or to such other place as TRIO Datacom
Pty Ltd shall nominate. Following repair or replacement the
equipment shall be returned to the customer freight forward. If it is
not possible due to the nature of the equipment for it to be returned
to TRIO Datacom Pty Ltd, then such expenses as may be incurred
by TRIO Datacom Pty Ltd in servicing the equipment in situ shall
be chargeable to the customer.
Part A - Preface
When equipment for repair does not qualify for repair or
replacement under warranty, repairs shall be performed at the
prevailing costs for parts and labour. Under no circumstances shall
TRIO Datacom Pty Ltd’s liability extend beyond the above nor shall
TRIO Datacom Pty Ltd, its principals, servants or agents be liable
for the consequential damages caused by the failure or malfunction
of any equipment.
Important Notice
© Copyright 2005 TRIO Datacom Pty Ltd All Rights Reserved
This manual covers the operation of the E Series Ethernet Radios.
Specications described are typical only and are subject to normal
manufacturing and service tolerances.
TRIO Datacom Pty Ltd reserves the right to modify the equipment,
its specication or this manual without prior notice, in the interest
of improving performance, reliability or servicing. At the time of
publication all data is correct for the operation of the equipment
at the voltage and/or temperature referred to. Performance data
indicates typical values related to the particular product.
This manual is copyright by TRIO Datacom Pty Ltd. All rights
reserved. No part of the documentation or the information supplied
may be divulged to any third party without the express written
permission of TRIO Datacom Pty Ltd.
Same are proprietary to TRIO Datacom Pty Ltd and are supplied
for the purposes referred to in the accompanying documentation
and must not be used for any other purpose. All such information
remains the property of TRIO Datacom Pty Ltd and may not be
reproduced, copied, stored on or transferred to any other media or
used or distributed in any way save for the express purposes for
which it is supplied.
Products offered may contain software which is proprietary to TRIO
Datacom Pty Ltd. However, the offer of supply of these products
and services does not include or infer any transfer of ownership
of such proprietary information and as such reproduction or reuse
without the express permission in writing from TRIO Datacom Pty
Ltd is forbidden. Permission may be applied for by contacting TRIO
Datacom Pty Ltd in writing.
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E Series Ethernet Radio – User Manual
Compliance Information
Part A - Preface
Warning - RF Exposure
The radio equipment described in this user manual emits low level
radio frequency energy. The concentrated energy may pose a
health hazard depending on the type of antenna used.
To satisfy EU and FCC requirements a minimum separation
distance should be maintained between the antenna of this device
and persons during operation as per the table below.
FCC Notice (Hot Standby Controller Only)
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the
limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC
Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference in a residential installation. This
equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instruction, equipment may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference
will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does
cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which
can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the
following measures:
• Re-orient to relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and
receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different to
that which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television
technician for assistance.
IC Notice (Hot Standby Controller Only)
Site Earthing
Ensure that the chassis mounting plate, power supply (-) earth,
RTU terminal device, and lightning arrester, are all securely
connected to the earth in the building installation or a common
ground point to which an earth stake is attached. When installing
EB/EH45e units, please pay particular attention to 24Vdc PLC
systems using DC-DC converters to supply 13.8Vdc
R&TTE Notice (Europe)
Applies to models Ex45e-xxExx-xxx
In order to comply with the R&TTE (Radio & Telecommunications
Terminal Equipment) directive 1999/5/EC Article 3 (Low Voltage
Directive 73/23/EEC), all radio modem installations must include an
external in-line lightning arrestor or equivalent device that complies
with the following specications:
• DC Blocking Capability - 1.5kV impulse (Rise Time 10mS,
Fall Time 700mS) (Repetition 10 Times) or 1.0kV rms 50Hz
sine wave for 1 minute.
TRIO Datacom declares that the E Series Ethernet radio modem
range are in compliance with the essential requirements and other
relevant provisions of the Directive 1999/5/EC. Therefore TRIO
Datacom E Series Ethernet equipment is labelled with the following
CE-marking.
0889
Co-Locating the ER45e remote (Europe)
The ER45E is a remote radio and should not be co-located with
other transmitting equipment.
This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appariel numerique de la class B est conforme a la norme
NBM-003 du Canada.
Safety
Warning: Where an ER45e is to be operated between 45°C and
60°C ambient, it must be installed in a restricted access location.
Warning: Where an EB45e is to be operated between 50ºC and
60ºC, it must be installed in a restricted access location.
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E Series Ethernet Radio – User Manual
WEEE Notice (Europe)
This symbol on the product or its packaging indicates that this
product must not be disposed of with other waste. Instead, it is
your responsibility to dispose of your waste equipment by handing
it over to a designated collection point for the recycling of waste
electrical and electronic equipment. The separate collection and
recycling of your waste equipment at the time of disposal will help
conserve natural resources and ensure that it is recycled in a
manner that protects human health and the environment. For more
information about where you can drop off your waste equipment
for recycling, please contact the dealer from whom you originally
purchased the product.
Dieses Symbol auf dem Produkt oder seinem Verpacken
zeigt an, daß dieses Produkt nicht mit anderer Vergeudung
entledigt werden darf. Stattdessen ist es Ihre Verantwortlichkeit,
sich Ihre überschüssige Ausrüstung zu entledigen, indem es
rüber sie zu einem gekennzeichneten Ansammlungspunkt
für die Abfallverwertung elektrische und elektronische
Ausrüstung übergibt. Die unterschiedliche Ansammlung und
die Wiederverwertung Ihrer überschüssigen Ausrüstung zu der
Zeit der Beseitigung helfen, Naturresourcen zu konservieren
und sicherzugehen, daß es in gewissem Sinne aufbereitet wird,
daß menschliche Gesundheit und das Klima schützt. Zu mehr
Information ungefähr, wo Sie weg von Ihrer überschüssigen
Ausrüstung für die Wiederverwertung fallen können, treten Sie
bitte mit dem Händler in Verbindung, von dem Sie ursprünglich das
Produkt kauften.
Related Products
ER45e Remote Data Radio
EB45e Base/Repeater Station
EH45e Hot Standby Base Station
Other Related Documentation and
Products
ER45e Quick Start Guide
TVIEW+ Management Suite
Multiplexer Stream Router (MSR)
Revision History
Issue 1 July 2010l
Issue 2 August 2010
Issue 3 August 2010
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E Series Ethernet Radio – User Manual
Part B – E Series Overview
Part B – E Series Ethernet Overview
Denition of E Series Ethernet
Radio
The E Series Ethernet radios are a range of wireless modems
designed for the transmission of data/Ethernet communications
for SCADA, telemetry and any other information and control
applications that utilise ASCII messaging techniques. The E
Series Ethernet radios use advanced “digital” modulation and
signal processing techniques to achieve exceptionally high data
throughput efciency using traditional licensed narrow band radio
channels.
These products are available in many frequency band and
regulatory formats, to suit spectrum bandplans, in various
continental regions. The range is designed for both xed point
to point (PTP), and multiple address (MAS) or point to multipoint
(PTMP) systems.
E Series Ethernet Product Range
The E Series Ethernet product range consists of the basic half
duplex “Remote” radio modem, an extended feature full duplex
Remote radio modem, and ruggedised Base Station variants,
including an optional Hot Standby controller to control two base
station units in a redundant conguration.
Features
Ethernet
- Data ltering providing a facility for the smart repeating of
Ethernet packets
- Support for smart peer to peer communications
- Filtering of broadcast packets to minimise unnecessary
usage of the narrow band channel.
- Supports access to diagnostics via SNMP and eDiags
(using TVIEW+ Software).
- Telnet interface for Ethernet access to programming and
diagnostics.
- Legacy RS-232 serial support via embedded terminal
server (UDP/TCP).
- Radius authentication
Network Management and Remote
Diagnostics (In conjunction with TVIEW+™ Software)
- Remote fully transparent Network Management and
Diagnostics
ER45e Remote Radio
EB45e Base / Repeater Station
- Network wide operation from any radio modem
- Full SCADA style features such as database, trending and
networking
- Over-the-air modem reconguration
- Full graphical presentation (HMI)
Data Ports
- Independent Serial & Ethernet ports
- Compatible with most industry standard data protocols:
Ethernet/IP (including UDP,TCP, DHCP, ARP, ICMP, STP,
IGMP, SNTP & TFTP)
- Selectable 300 -38.4 Kbps asynchronous RS-232 interface
- MultiStream™ simultaneous data streams allow for multiple
vendor devices/protocols to be transported on the one radio
network
- Internal repeater operation - single radio store and forward
- ChannelShare™ unique integrated C/DSMA collision
avoidance technology permits simultaneous polling and
spontaneous alarm reporting operation in the same system
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EH45e Hot Standby Base Station
E Series Ethernet Radio – User Manual
Radio and Modem
- True 19,200 bps over-air data rates in 25KHz channels
(also 9600 bps in 12.5KHz)
- 128-bit AES encryption
- 12.5 or 25KHz channel operation
- Fast data turnaround
- Simplex, Half Duplex and Full Duplex
(Full Duplex with ERFD45e option)
- Full specication operation from -30 to + 60C
- Compact, rugged diecast alloy housing
- Over the air rmware upgrades
- Multi-function LED Display
Part B – E Series Overview
- DIN Rail mounting kit option
- High VSWR transmitter protection
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E Series Ethernet Radio – User Manual
Model Number Codes
Part B – E Series Overview
Page 8
E Series Ethernet Radio – User Manual
Standard Accessories
Part B – E Series Overview
Part Number Description
Duplexers
DUPLX450BR Duplexer BAND REJECT 400-520 MHz for
use with Base / Repeater / Links. For Tx / Rx
frequency splits >9MHz. (Fitted Externally
for a Link, Internally or Externally for Base /
Repeater)
DUPLX450BPC Duplexer BAND REJECT 400-520 MHz for
use with Base / Repeater / Links. For Tx / Rx
frequency splits <9MHz. (Fitted Externally
for a Link, Internally or Externally for Base /
Repeater)
DUPLX450BP Duplexer PSEUDO BAND PASS Cavity 400-
520 MHz for External use with Base / Repeater
/ Links.
Notes:
1. Frequencies must be specied at time of order.
2. Interconnecting (Feeder Tail) cables must be ordered
separately for Externally tted Duplexers.
Antennas
ANT450/9A Antenna Yagi 6 Element 9dBd Aluminium 400-
520 MHz c/w mtg clamps
ANT450/9S Antenna Yagi 6 Element 9dBd S/Steel 400-520
MHz c/w mtg clamps
ANT450/13A Antenna Yagi15 Element 13dBd Aluminium 400-
520 MHz c/w mtg clamps.
ANT450/13S Antenna Yagi 15 Element 13dBd S/Steel 400-
520 MHz c/w mtg clamps.
ANTOMNI/4 Antenna Omnidirectional Unity Gain Side Mount
Dipole 400-520 MHz c/w galv. clamp
ANT450/D/N Antenna Omnidirectional Unity Gain Ground
Independent Dipole 400-520 MHz c/w 3m
cable, mounting bracket & N connector
ANT450/6OM Antenna Omnidirectional 6dBd 400-520 MHz
c/w mtg clamps
ANT450/9OM Antenna Omnidirectional 9dBd 400-520 MHz
c/w mtg clamps
Note:
1. Frequencies must be specied at time of order.
Part Number Description
RF Cables and Accessories
NM/NM/TL23 Feeder Tail - N Male to N Type Male 50cm fully
sweep tested RG-223
NM/NM/TLL23 Feeder Tail - N Male to N Type Male 1 metre
fully sweep tested RG-223
RFCAB5M 5.0m RG-58 type Antenna Feeder Cable
terminated with N type Male Connectors
RFCAB5M2 5.0m RG-213 type Antenna Feeder Cable
terminated with N type Male Connectors
RFCAB10M 10.0m RG-213 type Antenna Feeder Cable
terminated with N type Male Connectors
RFCAB20M 20.0m RG-213 type Antenna Feeder Cable
terminated with N type Male Connectors
RFCAB20M4 20.0m LDF4-50 type (1/2” foam dialectric)
Antenna Feeder Cable terminated with N type
Male Connectors
LGHTARRST Lightning Surge Arrestor In-line N Female to N
Female
Multiplexers
MSR/9 Multiplexer/Stream Router – 9 Port with RS-232
I/faces, Manual and software.
Network Management Diagnostics
DIAGS/E Network Management and Remote Diagnostics
Facilities per Radio – E Series Ethernet
DIAGS/EH Network Management and Remote Diagnostics
Facilities – E Series for EH45e
Software
TVIEW+ Conguration, Network Management and
Remote Diagnostics Software
Other
ERFD45e ER45e Conversion to Full Duplex Operation (N
Type – Tx Port, SMA - Type Rx Port)
Note: Requires external duplexer
ERFDTRAY 19” Rack Tray for Mounting of ER45e Full
Duplex Radio and External Band Reject
Duplexer
Power Supplies
PS13V82A Power Supply 13.8V 2A 240VAC
PS13V810A Power Supply Switch Mode 240VAC 13.8V 10A
for Base Stations – Battery Charge Capability
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E Series Ethernet Radio – User Manual
Part C – Applications
Part C – Network Types
Introduction
Fundamental to understanding the use of E Series Ethernet Radios in your system is the need for a basic understanding of the different types of
radio network topologies (known as NETWORK TYPES) and the function of each radio within them (known as RADIO TYPES).
The following table provides a brief overview of each:
Network Types:
Point to Point (PTP): One Access Point radio is congured to communicate with a REMOTE radio in PTP mode.
Point to Point via Bridge (PTP/B): As per PTP mode but with additional network range extension using a Bridge.
Point to Multipoint (PTMP): One Access Point radio is congured to communicate with multiple REMOTE radio(s) a PTMP network
Radio Types:
Access Point: Denes the Access Point radio in a network. The function of the Access Point is to manage Bridges and remotes beneath it.
There must be one and only one Access Point Per radio network.
Remote: A remote radio in the network. The function of a remote is to communication with the Access Point either directly or via one or more
Bridges.
Bridge: A radio that provides network extension between an Access Point or another BRIDGE and additional REMOTES. A BRIDGE is a device
that essentially performs a store and forward function, the only difference being that when a message is received from upstream, it will be
forwarded downstream and vice versa.
Each type of network is described in the following diagrams.
Point-to-Point Networks (PTP)
A Point to Point (PTP) network has one Access Point and one remote radio. Normally full duplex radios are installed, providing full data throughput
in each direction. Alternatively, half-duplex radios can also be implemented although collision avoidance must be enabled.
Full Duplex radios have the advantage that they simulate a cable connection with respect to the connected device. Even if one device transmits
continuously it will not block the other device from sending data. This is useful for applications that expect full duplex communications or that are not
designated to be radio modem friendly.
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E Series Ethernet Radio – User Manual
Part C – Applications
Point-to-Multipoint Networks (PTMP)
A Point to Multipoint (PTMP) network is normally chosen when one site (i.e.: The HOST) needs to broadcast messages to multiple REMOTE sites.
Point to Multipoint (PTMP) operation requires the Access Point site to have adequate RF coverage of all Remote sites. A PTMP offers the best
available bandwidth and data latency when multiple remote sites are required.
In a multiple access radio system (MAS),user data is broadcast from one common site (the Access Point) to all others, either using a half duplex or
simplex radio channel.
To facilitate efcient data communication and support features such as collision avoidance, the Access Point should always be a full duplex radio.
For serial data, the SCADA host must support an addressing system such as a DNP or MODBUS device address, since the Access Point broadcasts
this data to all remotes. Ethernet data is transported transparently and end devices will identify information for themselves using the Ethernet/IP header
information.
This type of system topology is the most efcient PTMP topology and should always be implemented if possible.
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E Series Ethernet Radio – User Manual
Part C – Applications
Digipeater Systems
A Point to Multipoint via repeater network is a variation of the Point To Multipoint network. It is normally chosen when the site where the SCADA
(i.e.: Data) entry point does not have adequate RF coverage of other Remote sites in the network. The network diagram is shown below.
In this network topology, the Access Point radio is congured as a Repeater. The repeater should be located at a site with adequate RF coverage
to each of the remotes. The Repeater still behaves as an Access Point to the Remotes as in a Point to Multipoint network, but the Repeater is
congured to repeat data messages between remotes in the network. It therefore allows peer to peer communication to occur between remotes.
Because the Access Point radio now needs to “Repeat” data, data latency for messages from the Host Application to/from the Remotes will be
longer. However, the Repeater/Access Point is normally a full duplex device and this means it is capable of receiving and transmitting repeated data
simultaneously.
All other aspects of the Point to Multipoint network apply to this network topology.
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E Series Ethernet Radio – User Manual
Store and Forward Systems
Store and forward is used as a way of extending RF coverage by repeating data messages from one site to another.
This can be done globally using the inbuilt data repeating functions, or selectively using intelligent address based routing features available in some
PLC/RTU protocols.
In this case it is necessary for all units on the system to operate in half duplex mode (only key-up when transmitting data), so that each site is free
to hear received signals from more than one source.
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E Series Ethernet Radio – User Manual
Part D – Features
Part D – Features
Interfaces
Ethernet Interface - RJ45
The LAN port (RJ-45) is a 10/100 Base-T compliant port. This port supports both TIA/EIA-568-A & B wiring as it has Auto MDI/MDIX Auto Sensing.
This means you can use both straight-through and cross-over type CAT-5 or better patch cables.
In transparent bridge mode, the Ethernet Interface supports all common Ethernet/IP Protocols (Including UDP, TCP, DHCP, ARP, ICMP, STP, IGMP,
SNTP & TFTP) including transport of VLAN and QoS frames (802.1Q).
Serial Port - DB9
The E Series Ethernet Radio serial port features:
• a 9 pin miniature D-Shell (DB-9) Female connector that supports one individual serial port connection.
• Wired as an RS232 DCE
• 300 bps to 38K4bps
• RSSI DC output operation as per normal E series type data port.
Note: In most systems ow control is not required, in which case only 3 wires need to be connected between the radio and the application device.
Typical Pins used:
• Pin 2 (RxD) - Data Output from the Radio Modem.
• Pin 3 (TxD) - Data input to the Radio Modem.
• Pin 5 (SG) - Signal Ground.
System Port – RJ45
The System Port (available front and rear on EB/EH45e) is a multi-function interface used for:
• Programming / Conguration of the radio
• Remote Diagnostics connections
To access these functions use the TVIEW+ Cable assembly (RJ45 Cable and RJ45 to DB9 Adaptor).
The TVIEW+ Cable is a standard CAT 5 RJ-45 (Male) to RJ-45 (Male) patch cable. It is intended for RS232 serial communications only and should
not be connected directly into an ethernet port of a PC. The Cable must be used in conjunction with the RJ-45 to DB9 Adaptor.
Modem
Modulation Types
The radio modem utilises a DSP to control the modulation of transmit signals and demodulation of received signals. This provides greater exibility
in the ability of the radio modem to support new modulation schemes whilst maintaining compatibility with existing modulation schemes.
The type of modulation available for selection is dependent on the model of radio. Modulation types are sorted using the following criteria:
Country of Approval (FCC, ETSI, ACA), Radio Channel Bandwidth (12.5kHz or 25kHz), Radio Mode (E Series, M Series or D Series) and over the
air speed (2400bps, 4800bps, 9600bps, 19k2bps).
Only modulation schemes suitable for the radio model in use are available for selection. Please consider the following notes when choosing a
modulation:
Country of Approval :
FCC : for use in North America and other countries who use FCC approved radios.
ACA : for use in Australia and New Zealand.
ETSI : for use in Europe and other countries who use ETSI approved radios.
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E Series Ethernet Radio – User Manual
Part D – Features
Power Supply
Operating Voltage Range
The ER45e Device will operate between a DC Voltage Range of 10 - 30V (13.8VDC Nominal). if the operating voltage is exceeded the E series
Ethernet remote will self protect by opening its internal fuse.
The EB/EH45e models operate between 11-16VDC (13.8VDC Nominal).
Reverse Polarity Protection
The internal power supply circuitry of the ER45e has an in series diode. The fuse will not blow if reverse voltage is applied that is <= 30V DC.
The EB/EH45e models DO NOT have reverse polarity protection, if reverse polarity is applied the units fuse will blow.
Over Voltage Protection
The E Series Ethernet radios have an internal transorb that will protect the device from short term transients and may blow the fuse depending on
the duration and magnitude of the transient signal.
Ethernet
Static & DHCP Addressing
The E Series Ethernet radio range gives you the choice of IP allocation, via either Static or Dynamic (DHCP) IP address allocation. The choice of
which to use will normally depend on the network you are integrating the radio into or the type of application you are trying to use the radio for.
Most large corporate environments utilize the DHCP method where a DHCP server dynamically assigns an IP address when requested to devices
connected to its network. This allows for very large networks to be managed very easily without the need for complex IP address tables to be
maintained.
Static IP address allocation is used in smaller environments or where the application being used requires a constant IP address for correct operation.
The type of IP allocation should be discussed with your network administrator is connecting to an existing network or decided in the network design
phase to ensure correct operation.
Unicast/Broadcast Filtering
This feature greatly improves the available bandwidth in systems where peer to peer connectivity is required. The ltering is implemented within the
Access Point (or Bridge) of PTMP systems. Essentially it prevents the unnecessary repeating of Ethernet trafc which is inherently point to point in
nature (ie: a TCP session).
When two remote radios need to communicate with each other (often referred to as Peer to Peer), the Access Point (or Bridge) will repeat the trafc
to provide peer to peer connectivity.
However, if the trafc is from a Remote to an AP (or Bridge), then peer to peer repeating is not required and the AP (or Bridge) does not repeat the
trafc. The AP (or Bridge) learns what devices (MAC addresses) do not require repeating. Broadcast trafc is always repeated. By learning where
devices are located on the network, the route table does not require any special conguration or setup.
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E Series Ethernet Radio – User Manual
Part D – Features
Collision Avoidance (Digital and Carrier Detect based)
Where multiple “unsynchronised” protocols coexist on a common “multiple access” radio channel, there is always a possibility that both “hosts”
may poll different “remote” devices at the same time. If both devices attempt to answer back to the single master radio at the same time, it
follows that a collision could occur on the radio channel.
Digital
If the “multiple access master” has been congured for full duplex operation, it is possible to use the inbuilt collision avoidance signalling
system. A unit congured as a master of a collision avoidance scenario must be permanently transmitting. Once the master radio receives a
valid incoming data stream from a remote, a ag within the “outbound” data stream is used to alert all other remote devices that the channel has
become busy. Remote devices wishing to send data will buffer the message until the channel status ag indicates that the channel is clear. A
pseudo-random timing value is added to the retry facility to minimise the chance of waiting remotes retrying at the same time.
RF Carrier Detect
In half duplex systems, the receiver’s RF carrier detect is used to inhibit the transmitter whilst a signal is being received. If a full duplex Base
station is employed, it can be congured to energise it’s transmitter with a blank carrier to inhibit other remotes from transmitting.
Security
AES Encryption
When encryption is enabled in a network, all data sent over the air is protected from eavesdropping and can only be read by radios sharing the
same Encryption Key.
Encryption must be enabled in each radio in a network. The encryption key is 128 bits long and is entered as a text string or a hexadecimal
number. For maximum security the key chosen should be one that is difcult for an intruder to guess.
Once written into the radio using the programmer, it is not possible to read the encryption key so care must be taken to record the key in a safe
place.
Encryption Key : String
For a string type of key, use up to a maximum of 16 printable characters. Please note that the key is case sensitive.
Some examples are:
TRIO2010
Murray River
Encryption Key : Hexadecimal Number
Hexadecimal numbers can have a value of 0 to 15 and are represented by 0-9 and A, B, C, D, E or F
A hexadecimal key begins with 0x and has up to 32 digits following
Some examples are:
0x123
0x123456789ABCDEF
0x1111111122222222333333334444444 up to 32 digits
Password Protected Congurations
Conguration information can be protected by a user denable password. When a password is set, the programmer will request the password
each time the radio is read. No conguration information can be displayed or changed without the correct entry of the password. If the password
is lost/forgotten the radio will have to be factory defaulted by depressing the factory default button on the front of the radio.
*Note - The password is NOT saved within a saved conguration and must be set within a programming session.
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E Series Ethernet Radio – User Manual
Part D – Features
SNMP
The E-Series Ethernet Radios Support SNMP V1 and V2 with all parameters from RFC-1213 [2].
Community Strings
E-Series Ethernet Radio support 2 types of community strings, Read-only and Read-Write.
The read-only community string is used to access any of the read-only objects supported in the ER45e. This string can be up to 32 characters long. The
characters must be alpha numeric.
The read-write community string is used to write to any of the read-write objects supported in the ER45e. This string can also be used to read from any
of the read-only or read-write objects supported in the ER45e. This string can be up to 32 characters long. This string can be up to 32 characters long
and must be textual.
All community strings are cleared after a Factory Default.
Programmer & Diagnostics
Programmer
The programmer is used to set conguration parameters within the ER45e Ethernet radio modem and EB45e Ethernet base station. The utility permits
conguration of modems connected directly to the PC as well as over the air to a remote unit. Conguration parameters can be saved to a disk le for
later retrieval, or used for clone programming of other modems.
The conguration wizard can be used to provide Quick start generic templates.
Diagnostics
TView+ Diagnostics is used to gather diagnostic information about your Trio radios. This diagnostic information is useful in the process of installation,
maintenance and fault nding.
The TView+ Diagnostics software can be installed as part of the TView+ software suite (which includes the E45e, E450, M&K series programmers) or
from the stand alone package (zip le) which can be downloaded from the support section of the Trio Datacom website.
Firmware Updating
Firmware updates are eld programmable. New Firmware packs, containing new features and improvements are available from Trio Datacom’s Web
site (www.triodatacom.com).
Version 08-10
Page 17
E Series Ethernet Radio – User Manual
goodpath.pl3
Major Repeater Site
Field Site
Elevation (m)
756.69
309.67
Latitude
031 04 37.49 S
030 56 24.00 S
Longitude
150 57 26.34 E
150 38 48.00 E
Azimuth
297.05
117.21
Antenna Type
ANT450/6OM
ANT450/9AL
Antenna Height (m)
40.00
5.00
Antenna Gain (dBi)
8.15
11.15
Antenna Gain (dBd)
6.00
9.00
TX Line Type
LDF4-50
LDF4-50
TX Line Length (m)
40.00
5.00
TX Line Unit Loss (dB/100 m)
6.79
6.79
TX Line Loss (dB)
2.72
0.34
Connector Loss (dB)
2.00
2.00
Frequency (MHz)
450.00
Path Length (km)
33.33
Free Space Loss (dB)
115.99
Diffraction Loss (dB)
0.00
Net Path Loss (dB)
103.75
103.75
Radio Type Model
EB450
ER450
TX Power (watts)
5.00
1.00
TX Power (dBW)
6.99
0.00
Effective Radiated Power (watts)
6.71
4.63
Effective Radiated Power (dBW)
8.27
6.66
RX Sensitivity Level (uv)
0.71
1.26
RX Sensitivity Level (dBW)
-140.00
-135.00
RX Signal (uv)
45.93
102.70
RX Signal (dBW)
-103.75
-96.76
RX Field Strength (uv/m)
453.14
545.42
Fade Margin (dB)
36.25
38.24
Raleigh Service Probability (%)
99.976
99.985
Part D – System Planning and Design
Understanding RF Path Requirements
A radio modem needs a minimum amount of received RF signal to operate reliably and provide adequate data throughput.
In most cases, spectrum regulatory authorities will also dene or limit the amount of signal that can be transmitted, and the transmitted power will
decay with distance and other factors, as it moves away from the transmitting antenna.
It follows, therefore, that for a given transmission level, there will be a nite distance at which a receiver can operate reliably with respect to the
transmitter.
Apart from signal loss due to distance, other factors that will decay a signal include obstructions (hills, buildings, foliage), horizon (effectively the
bulge between two points on the earth), and (to a minimal extent at UHF frequencies) factors such as fog, heavy rain-bursts, dust storms, etc.
In order to ascertain the available RF coverage from a transmitting station, it will be necessary to consider these factors. This can be done in a
number of ways, including
(a) using basic formulas to calculate the theoretically available signal - allowing only for free space loss due to distance,
(b) using sophisticated software to build earth terrain models and apply other correction factors such as earth curvature and the effects of
obstructions, and
(c) by actual eld strength testing.
It is good design practice to consider the results of at least two of these models to design a radio path.
Examples of Predictive Path
Modelling
Clear line of site
Radio path with good signal levels, attenuated only by free space
loss.
Page 18
E Series Ethernet Radio – User Manual
obstpath.pl3
Major Repeater Site
Field Site
Elevation (m)
703.83
309.67
Latitude
030 43 55.92 S
030 56 24.00 S
Longitude
150 38 49.51 E
150 38 48.00 E
Azimuth
180.10
0.10
Antenna Type
ANT450/6OM
ANT450/9AL
Antenna Height (m)
40.00
5.00
Antenna Gain (dBi)
8.15
11.15
Antenna Gain (dBd)
6.00
9.00
TX Line Type
LDF4-50
LDF4-50
TX Line Length (m)
40.00
5.00
TX Line Unit Loss (dB/100 m)
6.79
6.79
TX Line Loss (dB)
2.72
0.34
Connector Loss (dB)
2.00
2.00
Frequency (MHz)
450.00
Path Length (km)
23.04
Free Space Loss (dB)
112.78
Diffraction Loss (dB)
16.71
Net Path Loss (dB)
117.25
117.25
Radio Type Model
EB450
ER450
TX Power (watts)
5.00
1.00
TX Power (dBW)
6.99
0.00
Effective Radiated Power (watts)
6.71
4.63
Effective Radiated Power (dBW)
8.27
6.66
RX Sensitivity Level (uv)
0.71
1.26
RX Sensitivity Level (dBW)
-140.00
-135.00
RX Signal (uv)
9.70
21.70
RX Signal (dBW)
-117.25
-110.26
RX Field Strength (uv/m)
95.74
115.23
Fade Margin (dB)
22.75
24.74
Raleigh Service Probability (%)
99.470
99.665
longpath.pl3
Repeater Site
Far Field Site
Elevation (m)
221.26
75.58
Latitude
032 01 21.63 S
032 33 00.00 S
Longitude
142 15 19.26 E
141 47 00.00 E
Azimuth
217.12
37.37
Antenna Type
ANT450/6OM
ANT450/9AL
Antenna Height (m)
40.00
5.00
Antenna Gain (dBi)
8.15
11.15
Antenna Gain (dBd)
6.00
9.00
TX Line Type
LDF4-50
LDF4-50
TX Line Length (m)
40.00
5.00
6.79
6.79
TX Line Loss (dB)
2.72
0.34
Connector Loss (dB)
2.00
2.00
Frequency (MHz)
450.00
Path Length (km)
73.46
Free Space Loss (dB)
122.85
Diffraction Loss (dB)
22.94
Net Path Loss (dB)
133.55
133.55
Radio Type Model
EB450
ER450
TX Power (watts)
5.00
1.00
TX Power (dBW)
6.99
0.00
Effective Radiated Power (watts)
6.72
4.64
Effective Radiated Power (dBW)
8.27
6.66
RX Sensitivity Level (uv)
0.71
1.26
RX Sensitivity Level (dBW)
-140.00
-135.00
RX Signal (uv)
1.49
3.32
RX Signal (dBW)
-133.55
-126.56
RX Field Strength (uv/m)
14.65
17.64
Fade Margin (dB)
6.45
8.44
Raleigh Service Probability (%)
79.735
86.656
Obstructed Radio Path
This path has an obstruction that will seriously degrade the signal
arriving at the eld site.
Part D – System Planning and Design
Effect of Earth Curvature on Long Paths
This path requires greater mast height to offset the earth curvature
experienced at such a distance (73km).
Version 08-10
Page 19
E Series Ethernet Radio – User Manual
Part D – System Planning and Design
There are basically two types of antennas – omni-directional and
directional.
Omnidirectional antennas are designed to radiate signal in a 360
degrees segment around the antenna. Basic short range antennas
such as folded dipoles and ground independent whips are used
to radiate the signal in a “ball” shaped pattern. High gain omni
antennas such as the “co-linear” compress the sphere of energy
into the horizontal plane, providing a relatively at “disc” shaped
pattern which goes further because all of the energy is radiated in
the horizontal plane.
Directional antennas are designed to concentrate the signal into
“beam” of energy for transmission in a single direction (i.e. For
point-to-point or remote to base applications).
Beamwidths vary according to the antenna type, and so can be
selected to suit design requirements. The most common UHF
directional antenna is the yagi, which offers useable beam widths
of 30-50 degrees. Even higher “gain” is available using parabolic
“dish” type antennas such as gridpacks.
Antenna Gain
By compressing the transmission energy into a disc or beam, the
antenna provides more energy (a stronger signal) in that direction,
and thus is said to have a performance “gain” over a basic omni
antenna. Gain is usually expressed in dBd, which is referenced
to a standard folded dipole. Gain can also be expressed in dBi,
which is referenced to a theoretical “isotropic” radiator. Either way,
if you intend to send and receive signals from a single direction,
there is advantage in using a directional antenna - both due to
the increased signal in the wanted direction, and the relatively
decreased signal in the unwanted direction (i.e. “Interference
rejection” properties).
Tuning the Antenna
Many antennas are manufactured for use over a wide frequency
range. Typical xed use antennas such as folded dipoles and yagis
are generally supplied with the quoted gain available over the
entire specied band range, and do not require tuning. Co-linear
antennas are normally built to a specic frequency specied when
ordering.
With mobile “whip” type antennas, it is sometimes necessary
to “tune” the antenna for the best performance on the required
frequency. This is usually done by trimming an antenna element
whilst measuring VSWR, or simply trimming to a manufacturer
supplied chart showing length vs frequency. These antennas would
normally be supplied with the tuning information provided.
Antenna Placement
When mounting the antenna, it is necessary to consider the
following criteria:
The mounting structure will need to be solid enough to withstand
additional loading on the antenna mount due to extreme wind, ice
or snow (and in some cases, large birds).
For omni directional antennas, it is necessary to consider the
effect of the mounting structure (tower mast or building) on the
radiation pattern. Close in structures, particularly steel structures,
can alter the radiation pattern of the antenna. Where possible,
omni antennas should always be mounted on the top of the mast
or pole to minimise this effect. If this is not possible, mount the
antenna on a horizontal outrigger to get it at least 1-2m away from
the structure. When mounting on buildings, a small mast or pole
(2-4m) can signicantly improve the radiation pattern by providing
clearance from the building structure.
For directional antennas, it is generally only necessary to consider
the structure in relation to the forward radiation pattern of the
antenna, unless the structure is metallic, and of a solid nature.
In this case it is also prudent to position the antenna as far away
from the structure as is practical. With directional antennas, it is
also necessary to ensure that the antenna cannot move in such
a way that the directional beamwidth will be affected. For long
yagi antennas, it is often necessary to install a breglass strut to
stabilise the antenna under windy conditions.
Alignment of Directional Antennas
Page 20
This is generally performed by altering the alignment of the
antenna whilst measuring the received signal strength. If the signal
is weak, it may be necessary to pre-align the antenna using a
compass, GPS, or visual or map guidance in order to “nd” the
wanted signal. Yagi antennas have a number of lower gain “lobes”
centred around the primary lobe. When aligning for best signal
strength, it is important to scan the antenna through at least 90
degrees, to ensure that the centre (strongest) lobe is identied.
When aligning a directional antenna, avoid placing your hands or
body in the vicinity of the radiating element or the forward beam
pattern, as this will affect the performance of the antenna.
E Series Ethernet Radio – User Manual
RF Feeders and Protection
The antenna is connected to the radio modem by way of an
RF feeder. In choosing the feeder type, one must compromise
between the loss caused by the feeder, and the cost, exibility, and
bulk of lower loss feeders. To do this, it is often prudent to perform
path analysis rst, in order to determine how much “spare” signal
can be allowed to be lost in the feeder. The feeder is also a critical
part of the lightning protection system.
All elevated antennas may be exposed to induced or direct
lightning strikes, and correct grounding of the feeder and mast are
an essential part of this process. Gas discharge lightning arresters
should also be tted to all sites.
Note: All ETSI installations require the use of a lightning surge
arrestor in order to meet EN60950. See Part A - Preface for
lightning arrestor specications.
Part D – System Planning and Design
Common Cable Types Loss per meter Loss per 10m
@ 450MHz @ 450MHz
RG58C/U 0.4426dB 4.4dB
RG213/U 0.1639dB 1.6dB
FSJ1-50 (¼” superex) 0.1475dB 1.5dB
LDF4-50 (1/2” heliax) 0.0525dB 0.52dB
LDF5-50 (7/8” heliax) 0.0262dB 0.3dB
Version 08-10
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