ER450-XXF01

Schneider Electric Systems Canada ER450-XXF01 Installation guide

User Manual

E Series Data Radio

ER450 Remote Data Radio

EB450 Base Station

EH450 Hot Stand-by Base Station

www.trio.com.au

Issue 4: May 2003

E Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part A  Preface

Warranty

All equipment supplied by Trio DataCom Pty . Ltd. is warranted against faulty workmanship and parts for a period of twelve (12) months from the date of delivery to the customer. During the warranty period Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd. shall, at its option, repair or replace faulty parts or equipment provided the fault has not been caused by misuse, accident, deliberate damage, abnormal atmosphere, liquid immersion or lightning discharge; or where attempts have been made by unauthorised persons to repair or modify the equipment.

The warranty does not cover modifications to software. All equipment for repair under warranty must be returned freight paid to Trio DataCom Pty. Ltd. or to such other place as T rio DataCom Pty . Ltd. shall nominate. Following repair or replacement the equipment shall be returned to the customer freight forward. If it is not possible due to the nature of the equipment for it to be returned to Trio DataCom Pty . Ltd., then such expenses as may be incurred by Trio DataCom Pty . Ltd. in servicing the equipment in situ shall be chargeable to the customer.

When equipment for repair does not qualify for repair or replacement under warranty, repairs shall be performed at the prevailing costs for parts and labour. Under no circumstances shall Trio DataCom Pty . Ltd.’s liability extend beyond the above nor shall Trio DataCom Pty . Ltd., its principals, servants or agents be liable for the consequential damages caused by the failure or malfunction of any equipment.

Part A - Preface

Warning :- RF Exposure

The radio equipment described in this user manual emits low level radio frequency energy. The concentrated energy may pose a health hazard depending on the type of antenna used. In the case of a nondirectional antenna do not allow people to come within 0.5 metres of the antenna when the transmitter is operating. In the case of a directional antenna do not allow people to come within 6 metres of the antenna when the transmitter is operating.

Related Products

ER450 Remote Data Radio EB450 Base/Repeater Station EH450 Hot Stand-by Base Station

Other Related Documentation and Products

Quick Start Guide TVIEW+ Management Suite Digital Orderwire Voice Module (EDOVM) Stream Router/Multiplexer (95MSR)

Important Notice

This manual covers the operation of the E Series of Digital Data Radios. Specifications described are typical only and are subject to normal manufacturing and service tolerances.

Trio DataCom Pty Ltd reserves the right to modify the equipment, its specification or this manual without prior notice, in the interest of improving performance, reliability or servicing. At the time of publication all data is correct for the operation of the equipment at the voltage and/or temperature referred to. Performance data indicates typical values related to the particular product.

This manual is copyright by Trio DataCom Pty Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of the documentation or the information supplied may be divulged to any third party without the express written permission of Trio DataCom Pty Ltd.

Same are proprietary to Trio DataCom Pty Ltd and are supplied for the purposes referred to in the accompanying documentation and must not be used for any other purpose. All such information remains the property of Trio DataCom Pty Ltd and may not be reproduced, copied, stored on or transferred to any other media or used or distributed in any way save for the express purposes for which it is supplied.

Products offered may contain software which is proprietary to Trio DataCom Pty Ltd. However, the offer of supply of these products and services does not include or infer any transfer of ownership of such proprietary information and as such reproduction or reuse without the express permission in writing from Trio DataCom Pty Ltd is forbidden. Permission may be applied for by contacting Trio DataCom Pty Ltd in writing.

Revision History

Issue 1 July 2002 Intitial Release Issue 2 August 2002 Added EH450 Quick Start Section

and Specifications Section

Issue 3 November 2002 Major Edits to TVIEW and minor edits

to quick start sections.

Page 2

E Series Data Radio – User Manual

Contents

SECTION 1

Part A  Preface 2

Warranty 2 Important Notice 2 Related Products 2 Other Related Documentation and Products 2 Revision History 2

Part B  E Ser ies Over v iew 4

Definition of E Series Data Radio 4 E Series Product Range 4 E Series – Features and Benefits 4 Model Number Codes 6 Standard Accessories 7

Part C  Applications 8

Generic Connectivity 8 Application Detail 8 Systems Architecture 9

Part D  System Planning and Design 11

Understanding RF Path Requirements 11 Examples of Predictive Path Modelling 1 2 Selecting Antennas 1 4 Data Connectivity 1 5 Power Supply and Environmental Considerations 18 Physical Dimensions of the Remote Data Radio 1 9 Physical Dimensions of the Base Station 2 0 Physical Dimensions of the Hot Standby Base Station 2 1

SECTION 2

Part I  TVIEW+ Management Suite Programmer 40

Introduction 40 Installation 4 0 TVIEW+ Front Panel 41 Programmer 41

Part J  TVIEW+ Management Suite Remote Diagnostics & Network Controller 53

Introduction 53 System Description 5 3 Operating Instructions 5 5 Interpreting Poll Results 6 6

Part K  Appendices 67

Appendix A - Application and Technical Notes 67 Appendix B - Slip Protocol 67 Appendix C - Firmware Updates 6 8

Part L  Specifications 69

Part M  Support Options 70

Website Information 7 0 E-mail Technical Support 70 Telephone Technical Support 70 Contacting the Service Department 7 0

Part E  Getting Started 22

ER450 Quick Start Guide 2 2 EB450 Quick Start Guide 2 8 EH450 Quick Start Guide 3 1

Part F - Operational Features 36

Multistream functionality (SID codes) 3 6 Collision Avoidance (digital and RFCD based) 3 6 Digipeater Operation 3 6 TVIEW+ Diagnostics 3 6

Part G  Commissioning 37

Power-up 37 LED Indicators 3 7 Data Transfer Indications 37 Antenna Alignment and RSSI Testing 37 Link Establishment and BER Testing 3 7 VSWR Testing 37

Part H  Maintenance 38

Routine Maintenance Considerations 3 8

Page 3

E Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part B  E Series Overview

Definition of E Series Data Radio

The E Series is a range of wireless modems designed for the transmission of data communications for SCADA, telemetry, and any other information and control applications that utilise ASCII messaging techniques. The E Series uses advanced “digital” modulation and signal processing techniques to achieve exceptionally high data throughput efficiency using traditional licensed narrow band radio channels.

The products are available in many frequency band and regulatory formats to suit spectrum bandplans in various continental regions. The range is designed for both fixed point to point (PTP), and multiple address (MAS) or point to multipoint (PMP) systems.

E Series Product Range

The E Series range consists of the basic half duplex “Remote” radio modem, an extended feature full duplex Remote radio modem, and ruggedised Base Station variants, including an optional Hot Standby controller to control two base station units in a redundant configuration.

Frequency band variants are indicated by the band prefix and model numbering. (See Model Number Codes)

E Series  Features and Benefits

Common Features and Benefits of the E Series Data Radio

• Up to 19200bps over-air data rates using programmable DSP based advanced modulation schemes

• Designed to various International regulatory requirements including FCC, ETSI and ACA

• Superior receiver sensitivity

• Fast data turnaround time <10mS

• Flash upgrade-able firmware – insurance against obsolescence

• Multi-function bi-colour Tx/Rx data LEDS showing Port activity (breakout box style), as well as LEDs indicating Tx, Rx, RF Signal, Data Synchronisation and DC Power status of the radio

• Rugged N type antenna connectors on all equipment

• High temperature transmitter foldback protection

• Two independent configurable data ports and separate system port

• Higher port speeds to support increased air-rate (up to 76800bps on Port A and 38400bps on Port B)

ER450 Remote Radio

EB450 Base / Repeater Station

• Independent system port for interruption free programming and diagnostics (in addition to two (2) user ports)

• 9600bps in 12.5 kHz radio channels with ETSI specifications

• Remote over-the-air configuration of any radio from any location

• Multistream™ simultaneous data streams allows for multiple vendor devices / protocols to be transported on the one radio network

• Flexible data stream routing and steering providing optimum radio channel efficiency – complex data radio systems can be implemented with fewer radio channels

• The ability to duplicate data streams – that is, decode the same off-air data to two separate ports.

• Multi-function radio capable of dropping off one stream to a port and forward on or repeat (store and forward) the same or other data.

• Stand-alone internal store and forward operation – buffered store and forward operation even in the ER remote units

• Unique integrated C/DSMA collision avoidance technology permits simultaneous polling and spontaneous reporting operation in the same system

• Digital receiver frequency tracking for long term data reliability

Page 4

• Network wide non intrusive diagnostics which runs simultaneously with the application

EH450 Hot Standby Base Station

E Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part B  E Series Overview

• Network wide diagnostics interrogation which can be performed from anywhere in the system including any remote site

• Diagnostics will route its way to any remote or base / repeater site regardless of how many base / repeater stations are interconnected

• Full range of advanced features available within Network Management and Remote Diagnostics package – BER testing, trending, channel occupancy, client / server operation, etc.

• On board memory for improving user data latency – increased user interface speeds

• Full CRC error checked data – no erroneous data due to squelch tails or headers

• Radio utilises world standard HDLC as its transportation protocol

• Various flow control and PTT control mechanisms

• Configurable backward compatibility with existing D Series modulation scheme for use within existing networks

• Digital plug in order wire option for commissioning and occasional voice communications without the need to inhibit users application data

Features and Benefits of ER450 Remote Data Radio

• Optional full duplex capable remote – separate Tx and Rx ports for connection to an external duplexer

• New compact and rugged die cast case with inbuilt heatsink

• Low power consumption with various sleep modes

• Rugged N type antenna connectors

• In-line power supply fuses

• Data Port “breakout box” style flow LEDs for easier troubleshooting

Features and Benefits of EB450 Standard Base / Repeater Station

• Competitively priced high performance base

• Incorporates a rugged 5W power amplifier module

• External input for higher stability 10MHz reference – GPS derived

Features and Benefits of EH450 Hot Standby Base / Repeater Station

• Individual and identical base stations with separate control logic changeover panel

• ALL modules are hot swapable without any user downtime

• Flexible antenna options – single, separate Tx & Rx, two Tx and two Rx

• Increased sensitivity with receiver pre-amplifier

• Both on-line and off-line units monitored regardless of active status

• External input for higher stability 10MHz reference – GPS derived

Page 5

E Series Data Radio – User Manual

)

Model Number Codes

D, E & S Series Data Radios - Part Number Matrix = Tyxxx-aabbb-cd

T y xxx- aa bbb- cd

Options - Base Stations* Options - Remote Antenna Connector*

0 = No Options 0 = No Options (Standard)

= 450MHz Band Reject

= 450MHz Band Pass

= 900MHz Band Reject

= 900MHz Band Pass

Note: Specify Internally or Externally fitted. Externally fittered duplexes require feeder tails.

Options*

0 = No Options D = Diagnostics - [DIAGS/D, DIAGS/DH, DIAGS/E or DIAGS/EH] (D & E Series Only) H = Extended Temp Option [HITEMP] N = Remote Fitted into NEMA Enclosure [NEMA 4/R] F = Full Duplex Operation [ERFD450] (ER450 only) X = Full Duplex Operation [ERFD450 & DIAGS/E] (ER450 only)

RF Channel Data Rate & Bandwidth (Internal Modem

D Series E Series

A01 = ACA 4800bps in 12.5kHz A01 A02 = ACA 9600bps in 25kHz A02 F01 = FCC 9600bps in 12.5kHz F01

Frequency (200 & 400 MHz range)

39 = 208 to 240MHz (Tx & Rx) 07 = (Tx) 847 to 857MHz (Rx) 923 to 933MHz (D Series only, 1W Full Duplex) 50 = 403 to 417MHz (Tx & Rx) 10 = (Tx) 848 to 858MHz (Rx) 920 to 934MHz 58 = (Tx) 406 to 421MHz (Rx) 415 to 430MHz 06 = (Tx) 923 to 933MHz (Rx) 847 to 857MHz (D Series only, 1W Full Duplex) 59 = (Tx) 415 to 430MHz (Rx) 406 to 421MHz 11 = (Tx) 920 to 934MHz (Rx) 848 to 858MHz 56 = 418 to 435MHz (Tx & Rx) 12 = 855 to 860MHz (Tx & Rx) 57 = 428 to 443MHz (Tx & Rx) 14 = (Tx) 925 to 943MHz (Rx) 906 to 924MHz 55 = 436 to 450MHz (Tx & Rx) 15 = (Tx) 904 to 922MHz (Rx) 925 to 943MHz 51 = 450 to 465MHz (Tx & Rx) 16 = 924 to 944MHz (Tx & Rx) 52 = 465 to 480MHz (Tx & Rx) 53 = 480 to 494MHz (Tx & Rx) Note: Other frequency bands available upon request. 54 = 505 to 518MHz (Tx & Rx) 27 = (Tx) 511 to 515MHz (Rx) 501 to 505MHz 48 = 395 to 406MHz (Tx & Rx)

Generic Frequency Band

200 = 208 to 245MHz (D & S Series only) NOTES: 450 = 400 to 518MHz (E & S Series only) * Additional charges apply. Must be ordered seperately. Please refer to price list. 900 = 800 to 960MHz (D & S Series only)

Unit Type

R = Remote Station B = Base / Repeater Station Standards: ACA - Australian Communications Authority S = Standard Base / Repeater Station (D Series Only) FCC - Federal Communications Commission H = Hot Standby Base / Repeater (D & E Series Only) ETSI - European Telcommunication Standards Institute

Model Type

D = D Series Family

= E Series Family

= S Series Famil

Example:

E R 450- 51 A02- D0

The above example specifies: E Series, Remote Radio, generic 450MHz band, with a specific frequency of 450MHz to 465MHz,

a 96/19.2kbps modem, with a bandwidth of 25kHz, diagnostics and standard N type connector.

F02 = FCC 19k2bps in 25kHz 242 = 2400bps in 25kHz [24SR]* E01 = ETSI 9600bps in 12.5kHz 482 = 4800bps in 25kHz [48SR]* E02 = ETSI 19k2bps in 25kHz

Frequency (900 MHz range) (D & S Series Only)

[DUPLX450BR] (<9MHz split)[DUPLX450BR/5]

[DUPLX450BP]

[DUPLX900BR]

[DUPLX900BP]

(76MHz split)[DUPLX852/930]

/ 9600bps in 12.5Hz

= ACA 4800 = ACA 9600 = FCC 9600

Items in [ ] parenthesis refer to actual Trio part numbers

/ 19k2bps in 25kHz

/ 9600bps in 12.5kHz

Provides compatibility with D Series radio

N = N Connector (D Series only) S = SMA Connector (SR450 only)

S Series

001 = 12.5kHz (No Modem Fitted) 002 = 25kHz (No Modem Fitted) 241 = 2400bps in 12.5kHz [24SR]*

Version: 11/02

Page 6

E Series Data Radio – User Manual

Standard Accessories

Part B  E Series Overview

Part Number Description

Duplexers

DUPLX450BR Duplexer BAND REJECT 400-520 MHz for use

with Base / Repeater / Links. For Tx / Rx frequency splits >9MHz. (Fitted Externally for a Link, Intenally or Externally for Base / Repeater)

DUPLX450BR/5 Duplexer BAND REJECT 400-520 MHz for use

with Base / Repeater / Links. For Tx / Rx frequency splits <9MHz. (Fitted Externally for a Link, Intenally or Externally for Base / Repeater)

DUPLX450BP Duplexer PSEUDO BAND PASS Cavity 400-

520 MHz for External use with Base / Repeater / Links.

Notes:

1. Frequencies must be specified at time of order.

2. Interconnecting (Feeder Tail) cables must be ordered separately for Externally fitted Duplexers.

Antennas

ANT450/9A Antenna Yagi 6 Element 9dBd Aluminium 400-

520 MHz c/w mtg clamps

ANT450/9S Antenna Yagi 6 Element 9dBd S/Steel 400-520

MHz c/w mtg clamps

ANT450/13A Antenna Yagi15 Element 13dBd Aluminium 400-

520 MHz c/w mtg clamps.

ANT450/13S Antenna Yagi 15 Element 13dBd S/Steel 400-

520 MHz c/w mtg clamps.

ANTOMNI/4 Antenna Omni-directional Unity Gain Side

Mount Dipole 400-520 MHz c/w galv. clamp

ANT450/D Antenna Omni-directional Unity Gain Ground

Independant Dipole 400-520 MHz c/w 3m cable, mounting bracket & BNC connector

ANT450/6OM Antenna Omni-directional 6dBd 400-520 MHz

c/w mtg clamps

ANT450/9OM Antenna Omni-directional 9dBd 400-520 MHz c/

w mtg clamps

Note:

1. Frequencies must be specified at time of order.

Power Supplies

PS13V82A Power Supply 13.8V 2A 240VAC PS13V810A Power Supply Switch Mode 240VAC 13.8V 10A

for Base Stations – Battery Charge Capability

Part Number Description

RF Cables and Accessories

NM/NM/TL Feeder Tail - N Male to N Type Male 50cm fully

sweep tested

NM/NM/TLL Feeder Tail - N Male to N Type Male 1 metre

fully sweep tested

RFCAB5M 5.0m RG-58 type Antenna Feeder Cable

terminated with N type Male Connectors

RFCAB5M2 5.0m RG-213 type Antenna Feeder Cable

terminated with N type Male Connectors

RFCAB10M 10.0m RG-213 type Antenna Feeder Cable

terminated with N type Male Connectors

RFCAB20M 20.0m RG-213 type Antenna Feeder Cable

terminated with N type Male Connectors

RFCAB20M4 20.0m LDF4-50 type (1/2" foam dialectric)

Antenna Feeder Cable terminated with N type Male Connectors

LGHTARRST Lightning Surge Arrestor In-line N Female to N

Female

Multiplexers

95MSR/6 Multiplexer/Stream Router – 6 Port with RS-232

I/faces and Manual

95MSR/9 Multiplexer/Stream Router – 9 Port with RS-232

I/faces and Manual

Network Management Diagnostics

DIAGS/E Network Management and Remote Diagnostics

Facilities per Radio – E Series

DIAGS/EH Network Management and Remote Diagnostics

Facilities – E Series for EH450

Software

TVIEW+ Configuration, Network Management and

Remote Diagnostics Software

Other

NEMA 4 /R Stainless Steel Enclosure for Remote Site

Equipment.Size 600mm (h) x 600mm (d) x 580mm (w) – Room for Third Party RTU / PLC equip. (Approx. 400(h) x 600(d) x 580mm(w)

HITEMP Extended Temperature Option for S, D and E

Series Radios -30 to +70C

EDOVM Digital Order Wire Voice Module ERFD450 ER450…. Conversion to Full Duplex Operation

(N Type – Tx Port, SMA - Type Rx Port)

Note: Requires external duplexer

ERFDTRAY 19" Rack Tray for Mounting of ER450 Full Duplex

Radio and External Band Reject Duplexer

Page 7

E Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part C  Applications

Generic Connectivity

The E Series has been designed for SCADA and telemetry applications, and any other applications that use an ASCII communications protocol, and which connect physically using the RS232 interface standard (although converters can be used to adapt other interfaces such as RS422/485, RS530/V35, G703 etc).

Any protocol that can be displayed using a PC based terminal program operating via a serial comm port is suitable for transmission by the E Series radio modems.

An ASCII protocol is any that consists of message strings formed from ASCII characters, that being defined as a 10 or 11 bit block including start and stop bits, 7 or 8 data bits and optional parity bit(s). Port set-up dialog that includes the expressions “N,8,1”, or E,7,2” or similar indicate an ASCII protocol.

Most of the dominant telemetry industry suppliers utilise proprietary ASCII protocols, and also common “open standard” industry protocols such as DNP3, MODBUS, TCP/IP, and PPP. These are all ASCII. based protocols.

Industries and Applications

The E Series products are widely used in point-to-point and pointto-multipoint (multiple access) applications for remote interconnection of PLC’s, RTU’s, dataloggers, and other data monitoring and control devices including specialist utility devices (such as powerline ACR’s). In addition, other applications such as area wide security and alarm systems, public information systems (traffic flow and public signage systems) and environmental monitoring systems.

Application Detail

SCADA Systems

This is where one or more centralised control sites are used to monitor and control remote field devices over wide areas. Examples include regional utilities monitoring and controlling networks over entire shires or a greater city metropolis’. Industry sectors include energy utilities (gas and electricity distribution), water and sewerage utilities, and catchment and environment groups (rivers, dams, and catchment management authorities).

Telemetry Systems

Dedicated telemetry control systems interconnecting sequential devices where cabling is not practical or distances are considerable.

Examples include ore conveyor or slurry pipeline systems, simple water systems (pump and reservoir interlinking), broadcast industry (linking studio to transmitter) etc.

Information Systems

Public Information systems such as freeway vehicle flow and travel time monitoring, and feedback signage, parking signage systems, meteorological stations etc.

Page 8

E Series Data Radio – User Manual

Systems Architecture

Point-to-Point

This simple system architecture provides a virtual connection between the two points, similar to a cable. Dependant of the hardware chosen, it is possible to provide a full duplex connection (i.e. data transfer in both directions simultaneously) if required.

Part C  Applications

Point-to-Multipoint Systems

In a multiple access radio system, messages can be broadcast from one (master) site to all others, using a half duplex radio system, or from any site to all others, using a simplex radio channel.

Half duplex systems often utilise a full duplex master, to make the system simpler, and to operate faster.

In either case, it will be necessary for the application to support an addressing system, since the master needs to be able to select which remote device it wishes to communicate to. Normally, the radio system is allowed to operate “transparently”, allowing the application’s protocol to provide the addressing, and thus control the traffic. Where the application layer does not provide the addressing, the E Series can provide it using SID codes™. (See Part F - Operational Features)

Page 9

E Series Data Radio – User Manual

Digipeater Systems

Part C  Applications

This configuration is used where all sites are required to communicate via a repeater site. A repeater site is used because it has a position and/or height advantage and thus provides superior or extended RF coverage. The radio modem at the repeater does not have to be physically connected to the application’s master

site. Information from the application’s master is transmitted to the repeater via radio, and the repeater then relays this information to the other field sites. In this scenario, the repeater is the master from an RF point of view, and the application master is effectively a “remote” from an RF point of view, even though it is controlling the data transfer on the system.

Store and Forward Systems

Store and forward is used as a way of extending RF coverage by repeating data messages from one site to another.

This can be done globally using the inbuilt data repeating functions, or selectively using intelligent address based routing features available in some PLC/RTU protocols.

In this case it is necessary for all units on the system to operate in half duplex mode (only key-up when transmitting data), so that each site is free to hear received signals from more than one source.

Page 10

E Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part D  System Planning and Design

Understanding RF Path Requirements

A radio modem needs a minimum amount of received RF signal to operate reliably and provide adequate data throughput.

In most cases, spectrum regulatory authorities will also define or limit the amount of signal that can be transmitted, and the transmitted power will decay with distance and other factors, as it moves away from the transmitting antenna.

It follows, therefore, that for a given transmission level, there will be a finite distance at which a receiver can operate reliably with respect to the transmitter.

Apart from signal loss due to distance, other factors that will decay a signal include obstructions (hills, buildings, foliage), horizon (effectively the bulge between two points on the earth), and (to a minimal extent at UHF frequencies) factors such as fog, heavy rain-bursts, dust storms, etc.

In order to ascertain the available RF coverage from a transmitting station, it will be necessary to consider these factors. This can be done in a number of ways, including

(a) using basic formulas to calculate the theoretically

available signal - allowing only for free space loss due to distance,

(b) using sophisticated software to build earth terrain models

and apply other correction factors such as earth curvature and the effects of obstructions, and

these models to design a radio path.

Page 11

E Series Data Radio – User Manual

)

180.10

0.10

)

40.00

5.00

)

6.00

9.00

)

40.00

5.00

)

2.72

0.34

)

112.78

)

117.25

5.00

1.00

)

8.27

6.66

)

9.70

21.70

)

22.75

24.74

)

297.05

117.21

)

40.00

5.00

)

6.00

9.00

)

40.00

5.00

)

2.72

0.34

)

115.99

)

103.75

5.00

1.00

)

8.27

6.66

)

45.93

102.70

)

36.25

38.24

)

Part D  System Planning and Design

Examples of Predictive Path Modelling

Clear line of site

Radio path with good signal levels, attenuated only by free space loss.

goodpath.p

Elevation (m

Latitude 031 04 37.49

Longitude 150 57 26.34

Azimu

Antenna Type ANT450/6OM

Antenna Height ( m

Antenna Gain (dB

Antenna Gain (dBd

TX Line Typ

TX Line Length (m

TX Line Unit Loss (dB/100 m

TX Line Loss (dB

Connector Loss (dB

Frequency (MH

Path Length (km Free Space Loss (dB Diffraction Loss (dB

Net Path Loss (dB

Radio Type Mod

TX Power (watt

TX Power (dBW ffective Radiated Power (watt ffective Radiated Power (dBW

RX Sensitivity Level (uv

RX Sensitivity Level (dBW

RX Signal (uv

RX Signal (dBW

RX Field Strength (uv/m

Fade Margin (dB

Raleigh Service Probability (%

Major Repeater Si

756.6

8.1

LDF4-5

6.7

2.0

EB45

6.9

6.7

0.7

-140.0

-103.7

453.1

99.97

450.0

33.3

0.0

Field Si

309.6 030 56 24.00 150 38 48.00

ANT450/9A

11.1

LDF4-5

ER45

-135.0

-96.7

545.4

99.98

6.7

2.0

0.0

4.6

1.2

Obstructed Radio Path

This path has an obstruction that will seriously degrade the signal arriving at the field site.

obstpath.p

Elevation (m

Latitude 030 43 55.92

Longitude 150 38 49.51

Azimu

Antenna Type ANT450/6OM

Antenna Height ( m

Antenna Gain (dB

Antenna Gain (dBd

TX Line Typ

TX Line Length (m

TX Line Unit Loss (dB/100 m

TX Line Loss (dB

Connector Loss (dB

Frequency (MH

Path Length (km

Free Space Loss (dB

Diffraction Loss (dB

Net Path Loss (dB

Radio Type Mod

TX Power (watt

TX Power (dBW ffective Radiated Power (watt ffective Radiated Power (dBW

RX Sensitivity Level (uv

RX Sensitivity Level (dBW

RX Signal (uv

RX Signal (dBW

RX Field Strength (uv/m

Fade Margin (dB

Raleigh Service Probability (%

Major Repeater Si

703.8

8.1

LDF4-5

6.7

2.0

EB45

6.9

6.7

0.7

-140.0

-117.2

95.7

99.47

450.0

23.0

16.7

Field Si

309.6 030 56 24.00 150 38 48.00

ANT450/9A

11.1

LDF4-5

ER45

-135.0

-110.2

115.2

99.66

6.7

2.0

0.0

4.6

1.2

Page 12

E Series Data Radio – User Manual

)

6.00

9.00

)

2.72

0.34

)

133.55

)

0.71

1.26

)

14.65

17.64

)

79.735

86.656

Part D  System Planning and Design

Effect of Earth Curvature on Long Paths

This path requires greater mast height to offset the earth curvature experienced at such a distance (73km).

longpath.pl

Elevation (m

Latitude 032 01 21.63 S 032 33 00.00

Longitude 142 15 19.26 E 141 47 00.00

Azimu

Antenna Typ Antenna Height (m Antenna Gain (dB Antenna Gain (dBd

TX Line Typ TX Line Length (m

TX Line Lo ss (dB

Connector Loss (dB

Frequency (MH

Path Length (km Free Space Loss (dB Diffraction Loss (dB

Net Path Loss (dB

Radio Type Mod

TX Power (watt

TX Power (dBW ffective Radiated Power (watt ffective Radiated Power (dBW

RX Sensitivity Level (uv

RX Sensitivity Level (dBW

Repeater Si

221.2

217.1

ANT450/6OM ANT450/9A

40.0

LDF4-5

40.0

EB45

-140.0

8.1

6.7

2.0

5.0

6.9

6.7

8.2

Far Field Si

75.5

37.3

5.0

11.1

LDF4-5

5.0

6.7

2.0

450.0

73.4

122.8

22.9

ER45

1.0

0.0

4.6

6.6

-135.0

RX Signal (uv

RX Signal (dBW

RX Field Strength (uv/m

Fade Margin (dB

Raleigh Service Probability (%

1.4

-133.5

6.4

3.3

-126.5

8.4

Page 13

E Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part D  System Planning and Design

Selecting Antennas

There are basically two types of antennas – omni directional, and directional.

Omni directional antennas are designed to radiate signal in a 360 degrees segment around the antenna. Basic short range antennas such as folded dipoles and ground independent whips are used to radiate the signal in a “ball” shaped pattern. High gain omni antennas such as the “co-linear” compress the sphere of energy into the horizontal plane, providing a relatively flat “disc” shaped pattern which goes further because all of the energy is radiated in the horizontal plane.

Directional antennas are designed to concentrate the signal into “beam” of energy for transmission in a single direction (ie for pointto-point or remote to base applications).

Beamwidths vary according to the antenna type, and so can be selected to suit design requirements. The most common UHF directional antenna is the yagi, which offers useable beam widths of 30-50 degrees. Even higher “gain” is available using parabolic “dish” type antennas such as gridpacks.

Antenna Gain

By compressing the transmission energy into a disc or beam, the antenna provides more energy (a stronger signal) in that direction, and thus is said to have a performance “gain” over a basic omni antenna. Gain is usually expressed in dBd, which is referenced to a standard folded dipole. Gain can also be expressed in dBi, which is referenced to a theoretical “isotropic” radiator. Either way, if you intend to send and receive signals from a single direction, there is advantage in using a directional antenna - both due to the increased signal in the wanted direction, and the relatively decreased signal in the unwanted direction (i.e. “interference rejection” properties).

Tuning the Antenna

Many antennas are manufactured for use over a wide frequency range. Typical fixed use antennas such as folded dipoles and yagis are generally supplied with the quoted gain available over the entire specified band range, and do not require tuning. Co-linear antennas are normally built to a specific frequency specified when ordering.

With mobile “whip” type antennas, it is sometimes necessary to “tune” the antenna for the best performance on the required frequency. This is usually done by trimming an antenna element whilst measuring VSWR, or simply trimming to a manufacturer supplied chart showing length vs frequency. These antennas would normally be supplied with the tuning information provided.

Antenna Placement

When mounting the antenna, it is necessary to consider the following criteria:

The mounting structure will need to be solid enough to withstand additional loading on the antenna mount due to extreme wind, ice or snow (and in some cases large birds).

For omni directional antennas, it is necessary to consider the effect of the mounting structure (tower mast or building) on the radiation pattern. Close in structures, particularly steel structures, can alter the radiation pattern of the antenna. Where possible, omni antennas should always be mounted on the top of the mast or pole to minimise this effect. If this is not possible, mount the antenna on a horizontal outrigger to get it at least 1-2m away from the structure. When mounting on buildings, a small mast or pole (2-4m) can significantly improve the radiation pattern by providing clearance from the building structure.

For directional antennas, it is generally only necessary to consider the structure in relation to the forward radiation pattern of the antenna, unless the structure is metallic, and of a solid nature. In this case it is also prudent to position the antenna as far away from the structure as is practical. With directional antennas, it is also necessary to ensure that the antenna cannot move in such a way that the directional beamwidth will be affected. For long yagi antennas, it is often necessary to instal a fibreglass strut to stablilise the antenna under windy conditions.

Alignment of Directional Antennas

This is generally performed by altering the alignment of the antenna whilst measuring the received signal strength. If the signal is weak, it may be necessary to pre-align the antenna using a compass, GPS, or visual or map guidance in order to “find” the wanted signal. Yagi antennas have a number of lower gain “lobes” centred around the primary lobe. When aligning for best signal strength, it is important to scan the antenna through at least 90 degrees, to ensure that the centre (strongest) lobe is identified.

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When aligning a directional antenna, avoid placing your hands or body in the vicinity of the radiating element or the forward beam pattern, as this will affect the performance of the antenna.

E Series Data Radio – User Manual

Part D  System Planning and Design

RF Feeders and Protection

The antenna is connected to the radio modem by way of an RF feeder. In choosing the feeder type, one must compromise between the loss caused by the feeder, and the cost, flexibility, and bulk of lower loss feeders. To do this, it is often prudent to perform path analysis first, in order to determine how much “spare” signal can be allowed to be lost in the feeder. The feeder is also a critical part of the lightning protection system.

All elevated antennas may be exposed to induced or direct lightning strikes, and correct grounding of the feeder and mast are an essential part of this process. Gas discharge lightning arresters should also be fitted to any site that stands elevated or alone, particularly in rural areas.

Common Cable Types Loss per meter Loss per 10m

@ 450MHz @ 450MHz

RG58C/U 0.4426dB 4.4dB RG213/U 0.1639dB 1.6dB FSJ1-50 (¼” superflex) 0.1475dB 1.5dB LDF4-50 (1/2” heliax) 0.0525dB 0.52dB LDF5-50 (7/8” heliax) 0.0262dB 0.3dB

Data Connectivity

The V24 Standard

The E Series radio modems provide two asynchronous V24 compliant RS232 ports for connection to serial data devices.

There are two types of RS232 interfaces – DTE and DCE. DTE stands for data terminal equipment and is generally applied to

any intelligent device that has a need to communicate to another device via RS232. For example: P.C. Comm ports are always DTE, as are most PLC and RTU serial ports.

DCE stands for data communication equipment and is generally applied to a device used for sending data over some medium (wires, radio, fibre etc), i.e. any MODEM.

The standard interface between a DTE and DCE device (using the same connector type) is a straight through cable (ie each pin connects to the same numbered corresponding pin at the other end of the cable).

The “V24” definition originally specified the DB25 connector standard, but this has been complicated by the emergence of the DB9 (pseudo) standard for asynch devices, and this connector standard has different pin assignments.

The wiring standard is “unbalanced”, and provides for three basic data transfer wires (TXD, RXD, and SG – signal ground).

Hardware Handshaking

Hardware handshake lines are also employed to provide flow control, however (in the telemetry industry) many devices do not always support all (or any) flow control lines.

For this reason, the E Series modems can be configured for full hardware flow control, or no flow control at all (simple 3 wire interface).

Note: that when connecting devices together with differing handshake implementations, it is sometimes necessary to “loop” handshake pins in order to fool the devices handshaking requirements.

In telemetry applications (particularly where port speeds can be set to the same rate as the radio systems over-air rate) then flow control, and therefore handshaking, is usually NOT required. It follows that any devices that CAN be configured for “no flow control” should be used in this mode to simplify cabling requirements.

Handshaking lines can generally be looped as follows: DTE (terminal) – loop RTS to CTS, and DTR to DSR and DCE. DCE (modem) - loop DSR to DTR and RTS (note-not required for

E Series modem when set for no handshaking).

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Schneider Electric Systems Canada ER450-XXF01 Installation guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual