Schlumberger Sema SMFMM 1 Users manual

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SENTINEL™ Meter

Technical Reference Guide

Release 2.0

Draft

Proprietary Rights Notice

This manual is an unpublished work and contains the trade secrets and confidential information of SchlumbergerSema Inc., which are not to be divulged to third parties and may not be reproduced or transmitted in whole or part, in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical for any purpose, without the express written permission of SchlumbergerSema Inc. All rights to designs or inventions disclosed herein, including the right to manufacture, are reserved to SchlumbergerSema Inc.

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. SchlumbergerSema reserves the right to change the product specifications at any time without incurring any obligations.

Trademarks Used in This Manual

SENTINEL is a trademark of SchlumbergerSema Inc.

PC-PRO+ is a registered trademark of SchlumbergerSema Inc.

SITESCAN is a trademark of SchlumbergerSema Inc.

VECTRON is a registered trademark of SchlumbergerSema Inc.

Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

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SENTINEL™ Meter Technical Reference Guide

C&I-SEN-0007.1-04.03 Part Number: 7002-CCC

SchlumbergerSema Energy & Utilities 313-B North Highway 11 West Union, SC 29696 Tel: (864) 638-8300 Fax: (864) 638-4950

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Compliance With FCC Regulations

FCC Part 68, Class B Registration

This equipment complies with Part 68 of the FCC Rules. The label affixed to this equipment contains, among other information, the FCC Registration Number and Ringer Equivalence Number (REN) for this equipment. Upon request, you must provide this information to your telephone company.

The REN is useful to determine the quantity of devices you can connect to your telephone line and still have all of those devices ring when your telephone number is called. In most, but not all areas, the sum of the RENs of all devices connected to one line should not exceed five (5.0). To determine the number of devices your can connect to your line in your calling area—as determined by the REN—contact your local telephone company.

The following jacks must be ordered from the telephone company to interconnect this product with the public communication network: RJ31.

If your telephone equipment causes harm to the telephone network, the Telephone Company can discontinue your service temporarily. If possible, they will notify you in advance. If advance notice is not practical, you will be notified as soon as possible. You will be informed of your right to file a complaint with the FCC.

Your telephone company can make changes in its facilities, equipment, operations, or procedures that could affect the proper function of your equipment. If they do, you will be notified in advance. You will then have an opportunity to maintain uninterrupted telephone service.

If you have trouble with this equipment, please contact us at the address below for information on obtaining service or repairs. The telephone company may ask that you disconnect this equipment from the network until the problem has been corrected or until you are sure that the equipment is not malfunctioning.

This product is not field-repairable; however, the maintenance section of this manual described troubleshooting steps that you can take in the even of equipment problems.This equipment can not be used on coin service lines provided by the telephone company.

Connections to party lines are subject to state tariffs. Contact your local telephone company if you plan to use this equipment on party lines.

The installation of this product does not require any connections or changes to the internal wiring of other registered terminal equipment.

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FCC Part 15, Class B

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These rules are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a residential/ commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

1 Re-orient or relocate the receiving antenna.

2 Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver.

3 Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the

receiver is connected.

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide iii

4 Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. This device complies

with Part 15 of the FCC rules.

Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) The device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including the interference that may cause undesired operation.

This equipment complies with the FCC RF radiation requirements for controlled environments. To maintain compliance with these requirements, the antenna and any radiating elements should be installed to ensure that a minimum separation distance of 20cm is maintained from the general population.

FCC Part 15, Subpart C

When equipped with a radio transmitter option, this equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for an intentional radiator, pursuant to Part 15, Subpart C of the FCC Rules. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy. If not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, it may cause interference to radio communications.

The limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential situation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception. which can be determined by turning the equipment on and off, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna of the affected radio or television.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and the affected receiver.

• Connect the equipment and the affected receiver to power outlets on separate circuits.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

Changes or modifications not expressly approved by SchlumbergerSema Inc. could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

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iv SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Technical Support

Contact Information

North American Business Offices

United States SchlumbergerSema Energy & Utilities

313-B North Highway 11 West Union, SC 29696 USA Tel: 864-638-8300

Fax: 864-638-4950

Canada SchlumbergerSema Energy & Utilities

6700 Century Avenue, Suite 100 Mississauga, Ontario L5N 2V8 CANADA Tel: 905-812-2227

Fax: 905-812-5028

Mexico Schlumberger Distribucion S.A. de C.V.

Ejercito Nacional 425 Piso7° Col. Granada Mexico, D.F. 11520 MEXICO Tel: 52 (55) 5263 3000 / 3092

Fax: 52 (55) 5263 3193

Contacting Technical Support

Within the United States, SchlumbergerSema technical support is available by telephone, fax, or email. Whichever method you use to contact technical support, be prepared to give the following information:

• An exact description of the problem you encountered.

• A description of what happened and what you were doing when the problem

• A description of how you tried to solve the problem.

Telephone

Technical support is available Monday through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. (EST) by calling 1-866-877-2007. If all support technicians are helping other customers, your call will be routed to the SchlumbergerSema Support voice mail system. Please leave a brief message that includes the following information:

• Your name

• Your company’s name

• Your telephone number

A support technician will return your call as soon as possible within normal business hours. Technicians return all calls in the order that they are received.

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occurred.

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide v

Factory Repair of Meters

Fax

If you prefer, you may fax a description of your problem any time to 1-864-638-

4850. A support technician will answer you fax within 1 business day. Follow these instructions when sending a fax:

• Address the fax to “SchlumbergerSema SENTINEL Support.”

• Include a brief description of the problem.

• Tell us the best time of day to contact you.

If you prefer, you may email a description of your problem to:

elecsupt@slb.com

A support technician will return your email as soon as possible within normal business hours. Technicians return all emails in the order that they are received.

SchlumbergerSema recommends that all repairs be performed at the factory. Certain repairs may be performed by the user; however, unauthorized repairs will void any existing warranty. All surface mounted parts must be replaced by the factory.

Repair of Meters Under Warranty

If the meter is under warranty, then SchlumbergerSema will repair the meter at no charge if the meter has failed due to components or workmanship. A return authorization number must be obtained before the equipment can be sent back to the factory. Contact your SchlumbergerSema Sales Representative for assistance.

Repair of Meters Not Under Warranty

The same procedure as above applies. SchlumbergerSema will charge for the necessary repairs based on the failure.

A purchase order will be required before any investigation will begin.

Replacement Parts

Refer to Chapter 8 for a list of available parts and SchlumbergerSema part numbers.

Service Return Address

SchlumbergerSema Inc.

Customer Repair Department 313 North Highway 11 Dock C West Union, SC 29696

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vi SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i-v

Contact Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i-v

Contacting Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i-v

Telephone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i-v

Fax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i-vi

Email . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i-vi

Factory Repair of Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i-vi

Repair of Meters Under Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i-vi

Repair of Meters Not Under Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i-vi

Replacement Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i-vi

Service Return Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i-vi

Chapter 1 General Information

How to Use This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Measurement Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

Meter Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

Upper Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Base Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Covers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

Meter Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

Input/Output Module (Optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

R300 Communication Module (Optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10

Modem Communication Module (Optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11

Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

Electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

Programmable Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

Programmable Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

Operating Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

Rated Accuracy (Typical, at ambient temperature) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

Burden Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

Potential (120V - 480V) Single Phase Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

Potential (57.7V - 277V) Three Phase Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14

Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14

Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14

Starting Load, Creep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14

Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14

Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

Shipping Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16

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SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide vii

Table of Contents

Chapter 2 Installation

Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Unpacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Preliminary Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Meters Without Batteries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Meters With Batteries (TOU and Load Profile Meters) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

Site Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Socket-Mount Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Battery (TOU and Load Profile Versions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

Chapter 3 Operating Instructions

Controls and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Demand Reset Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Infrared Test LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Magnetic Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Optical Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Test Mode Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

Application of Power and Power-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Power Down Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Demand Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

TOU/Load Profile Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Cold Load Pickup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Interval Make-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Normal Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Test Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

Mode Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Display Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

Energy Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

Demand Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

Instantaneous Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Information Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Changing Display Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Mode Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Normal Display Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Alternate Display Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Toolbox Display Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

Test Display Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

Test Alternate Display Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

Diagnostic Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

Energy Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

Demand Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

Instantaneous Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

Self Read and Snapshot Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16

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Information Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16

Interrogation and Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17

Interrogation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17

Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17

Time-of-Use (TOU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17

TOU Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17

Calendar Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17

Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-17

Daily Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18

Day Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18

Seasonal Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18

TOU Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18

Current Season Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18

Last Season Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18

TOU Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18

Rate Annunciators and Active Rate Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19

Season Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19

Battery Carryover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19

Load Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20

Load Profile Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20

Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20

Bit Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20

Interval Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20

Power Outage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20

Channel Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21

Pulse Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21

Data Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21

Recording Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22

Event Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23

Security Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25

Implementing Security Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26

Clearing Security Codes—Customer Default Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26

Firmware Upgrades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27

Installing SENTINEL Firmware on the PC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27

Draft

Chapter 4 Theory of Operation

Meter Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Meter Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Main Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Metrology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Communication Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Switches and LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4

Data Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

Power Supply Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

Switching Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

Surge Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

EMI Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

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Measurement Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7

Voltage and Current Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

Watthour (Wh) Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

VARhour (Varh) Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

Volt-amperehour (VAh) Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

Qhour (Qh) Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

Power Factor (PF) Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

Demand Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

Block Interval Demand Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11

Rolling/Sliding Demand Interval Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11

Thermal Emulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11

Cumulative Demand Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12

Continuous Cumulative Demand Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12

Present Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12

Previous Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12

Projected Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13

Peak Demand (Maximum Demand) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13

Multiple Peaks (1-5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13

Minimum PF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13

Demand Thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13

Chapter 5 Communications

Modem Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Call Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Answer Delays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Dialing Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Phone Home on Event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Call On Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

Phone Line Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Recommended Modems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

R300 Series Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

RS-232/RS-485 Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

Multifunction Meter Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

Optional Inputs/Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

Supplemental Inputs and Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7

Output Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9

Input Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9

Output Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9

Chapter 6 SiteScan™ On-Site Monitoring System

SiteScan Meter Self-Diagnostic Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

SiteScan Toolbox Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

SiteScan System and Installation Diagnostic Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5

SiteScan Diagnostic #1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26

Polarity, Cross-Phase, and Energy Flow Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26

Diagnostic #1 Error Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26

SiteScan Diagnostic #2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28

Phase Voltage Deviation Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28

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Diagnostic #2 Error Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28

SiteScan Diagnostic #3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-29

Inactive Phase Current Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-29

Diagnostic #3 Error Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30

SiteScan Diagnostic #4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-31

Phase Angle Displacement Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-31

Diagnostic #4 Error Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-32

SiteScan Diagnostic #5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-33

Current Waveform Distortion Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-33

Chapter 7 Testing, Troubleshooting, and Maintenance

Visual Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

Infrared Test LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

Annunciators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

Load Indication/Direction Annunciator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

Phase-Voltage Indication Annunciators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

Nominal Voltage Indication Annunciator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

Test Mode Annunciator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

Energy Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

Testing With the Infrared Test LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

Testing Using the Load Indication Annunciator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

Testing Using the Energy/Time Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

Recommended Energy Testing Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

Test Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5

Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5

Solution 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5

Solution 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5

Solution 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

Recommended Test Setup for Minimizing Test Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

Recommendations for Minimum Variability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

Demand Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6

Demand Test Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7

Demand Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8

Calculation A: Actual Active Energy (kWh) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8

Calculation B: Actual Active Demand (kW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8

Calculation C: Actual KVA Hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8

Calculation D: Actual kVA Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9

Field Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9

Required Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9

Test Method Using Infrared Pulse Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9

Test Method Using a Snap Switch Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9

Fatal Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9

Non-Fatal Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10

Other Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12

Demand Reset Cannot Be Initiated Through PC or Handheld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12

Incorrect or No Accumulation of kWh or kW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12

Reset Mechanism Does Not Initiate Demand Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12

Blank Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12

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Time and Date Wrong (TOU Version) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13

Optional Output Contact Closures Not Occurring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13

Programmer Cannot Communicate with Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13

Magnetic Switch Does Not Activate the Alternate or Toolbox Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14

Test Mode Switch Does Not Place Meter in Test Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14

Diagnostic 1 Condition Incorrectly Active . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14

Diagnostic 2, 3, or 4 Condition Incorrectly Active . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14

Counters Are Too High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14

Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14

Preventive Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14

Corrective Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15

Chapter 8 Replacement Parts and Accessories

Cover Assemblies and Cover Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

Battery and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

Option Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

Wiring Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

Glossary

Index

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List of Figures

Figure Figure Titles Page

1.1 Upper Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

1.2 Socket Base Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

1.3 A-base Base Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

1.4 Input/Output Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

1.5 Input/Output Option 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

1.6 Input/Output Option 2 & Supplemental Option 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

1.7 Input/Output Option 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8

1.8 Input/Output Option 4 & Supplemental Option 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9

1.9 Input/Output Option 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10

1.10 R300 Series Option Board with Supplemental I/O Board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11

1.11 Modem Communication Module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

1.12 Socket-Base Meter Dimension Drawing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

1.13 A-Base Meter Dimension Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15

2.1 SENTINEL Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2

2.2 Testing Battery with Voltmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

2.3 Socket Mount Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4

2.4 Connecting the Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

2.5 Battery Installed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5

3.1 Controls and Indicators of the SENTINEL Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

3.2 SENTINEL LCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

3.3 Activating the Magnetic Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

4.1 SENTINEL Meter Block Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

4.2 Main Circuit Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

4.3 Power Supply Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6

4.4 Input & Sampled Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

4.5 Accumulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

6.1 Toolbox Phase Notation for Form 9S and 16S SENTINEL Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

6.2 Plot of Toolbox Display Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4

6.3 Example of Diagnostic #1 Error Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6

6.4 Form 2S Singlephase, 3-Wire Self-Contained SENTINEL Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7

6.5 Form 8S/9S SENTINEL Meter in a 4-Wire Wye Service – Phasor Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8

6.6 Form 8S/9S SENTINEL Meter in a 4-Wire Delta Service – Phasor Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9

6.7 Form 12S 3-Phase, 3-Wire Network Self-Contained SENTINEL Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10

6.8 Form 15S/16S SENTINEL Meter in a 4-Wire Delta Service – Phasor Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-11

6.9 Form 16S SENTINEL Meter in a 4-Wire Wye Service – Phasor Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12

6.10 Form 46S, Wye, 4-Wire, ABC Phase Rotation Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13

6.11 Form 45S SENTINEL Meter in a 3-Wire Network Service – Phasor Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14

6.12 Form 45S SENTINEL Meter in a 3-Wire Delta Service – Phasor Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15

6.13 Form 45S SENTINEL Meter in a 4-Wire Wye Service –Phasor Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16

6.14 Form 45S SENTINEL Meter in a 4-Wire Delta Service – Phasor Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17

6.15 Form 46S SENTINEL Meter in a 4-Wire Wye Service – Phasor Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18

6.16 Form 66S 3-Phase, 3-Wire SENTINEL Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19

6.17 Form 10A 3-Phase, 4-Wire Wye, or 3-Phase, 4-Wire Delta SENTINEL Meter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20

6.18 Form 16A 3-Phase, 4-W Wye, 3-Phase, 4-Wire Delta SENTINEL Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21

6.19 Form 45A 3-Phase, 3-Wire Delta SENTINEL Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22

6.20 Form 45A 3-Phase, 4-Wire Delta SENTINEL Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23

6.21 Form 46A 3-Phase, 4-Wire Wye SENTINEL Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24

6.22 Form 48A 3 Stator 3Ø, 4W Delta SENTINEL Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-25

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SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide xiii

List of Figures

6.23 Diagnostic #1 Error Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-27

6.24 Envelope Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-32

6.25 Phasor Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-33

7.1 Infrared Test LED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

7.2 Delivered and Received Energy Segments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

7.3 Test Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7

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xiv SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

List of Tables

Table Table Titles Page

1.1 Measurement Level Quantities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

1.2 SENTINEL Package Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

1.3 Single Phase Power Supply Potential (120V - 480V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

1.4 Three Phase Power Supply Potential (57.7V - 277V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14

1.5 Shipping Weights for the SENTINEL Meter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16

3.1 Static Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

3.2 Modes Table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7

3.3 Energy Data Display Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

3.4 Demand Data Display Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

3.5 Instantaneous Data Display Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

3.6 Information Data Display Items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

3.7 Toolbox Mode Display List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

3.8 SENTINEL Energy Quantities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-14

3.9 SENTINEL Demand Quantities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

3.10 Instantaneous Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15

3.11 Information Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16

3.12 Recording Duration (in days) for 48 KB of Load Profile Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23

3.13 Recording Duration (in days) for 96 KB of Load Profile Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23

3.14 SENTINEL Security Code Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25

4.1 Parameters, Threshold Alarms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13

5.1 SENTINEL Phone Home Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2

5.2 R300 Series Communication Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

5.3 KYZ/KY Output Programming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7

6.1 Phase Notation in Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2

7.1 Meter Coil Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

7.2 Meter Singlephase Test Constants (SPTC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7

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SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide xv

List of Tables

Notes:

Draft

xvi SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Chapter 1 General Information

This technical reference guide explains the installation, operation, and maintenance of the SchlumbergerSema SENTINEL™ meter (hereafter referred to simply as the meter or the SENTINEL). SchlumbergerSema urges you to read the entire manual before attempting installation, tests, operations, or maintenance. Programming the SENTINEL requires SchlumbergerSema’s PC-PRO+® 98 Programming Software. For more information on PC-PRO+ 98, refer to the PC-PRO+ 98 Installation Guide, the PC-PRO+ 98 System Online User’s Manual, the PC-PRO+ 98 SENTINEL Device User’s Manual, and the online help files.

How to Use This Manual

This technical reference guide contains the following information:

Chapter 1 General Information—Provides a general background for the operation of the

SENTINEL meter. This chapter includes general, physical, and functional descriptions, as well as complete specifications.

Chapter 2 Installation—Describes how to install a SENTINEL meter and details the precautions

that must be taken when handling the SENTINEL Meter.

Chapter 3 Operating Instructions—Describes how to operate the SENTINEL meter. This

chapter gives the location of the controls and explains how to obtain the desired operating modes and displays. It also provides detailed information on the Demand, Time-of-Use, and Load Profile functions and their associated options, as well as R300,

Draft

Modem, and I/O Communication options.

Chapter 4 Theory of Operation—Explains the theory of operations of the SENTINEL

multimeasurement meter. This chapter can be used as an aid to Chapter 6, Testing, Troubleshooting, and Maintenance.

Chapter 5 SiteScan™ On-Site Monitoring System—Explains how the SiteScan on-site

monitoring system provides the ability to diagnose and resolve metering or tampering problems.

Chapter 6 Testing, Troubleshooting, and Maintenance—Explains testing, troubleshooting and

maintenance of the SENTINEL meter.

Chapter 7 Replacement Parts, Accessories, and Drawings—Contains schematics, applicable

block diagrams, cable assemblies, and lists of replacement parts. Glossary Contains definitions of terms used in this manual. Index

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 1-1

General Information

General Description

Measurement Levels

The SENTINEL Multimeasurement Meter is a solid-state, electronic multimeasurement, polyphase meter of exceptional accuracy. This self-contained or transformer rated meter, available in socket and A-base packaging, is designed for use at a variety of advanced singlephase and polyphase installations.

The meter requires PC-PRO+ 98, the Windows™-based programming software. PC-PRO+ 98 is both easy to use and flexible. PC-PRO+ 98 can be used to create a program whether the software is connected to the meter or not. This allows maximum flexibility to customers needing to work on programs in the shop for meters that will be installed at a future time.

The SENTINEL incorporates digital sampling technology to accurately measure active, reactive, and apparent power.

The SENTINEL meter is available in five measurement levels.

Level 0 Wh delivered

Level 1 W/Wh delivered and PF

Level 2 W/Wh delivered and PF plus one of the following:

a. Var/Varh b. VA/VAh c. Qh d. (Canadian installations only) Var/Varh delivered and received

and Qh

e. (Canadian installations only) VA/VAh delivered and received

and Qh

Level 3 W/Wh delivered and PF plus VA/VAh delivered, Var/Varh, Qh

Level 4 W/Wh delivered/received/net and PF plus VA/VAh delivered/

received/net, Var/Varh (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4), Qh

Draft

There are four optional adders that may be added to any measurement level:

• Per Phase V&A (Vh, Ah, Amp Demand)

•Aggregate, A

• Bidirectional Measurement (Received and Net Quantities)

• Time-of-Use (4 + Total Rates or 7 + Total Rates)

• Load Profile (48 kilobytes of memory, 8 channels or 96 kilobytes of memory, 8 channels)

1-2 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

h, V2h

General Information

Table 1.1 shows the quantities and optional adders that are available in each measurement level.

Table 1.1 Measurement Level Quantities

Quantities 0 1 2a 2b 2c 3 4

Wh delivered X X X X X W/Wh delivered XXXX X X

W/Wh received (* Bidirectional Adder) Net W/Wh (*Bidirectional Adder) **** * X Var/Varh Q1 X X X Var/Varh Q2 X Var/Varh Q3 X Var/Varh Q4 X X X Var/Varh delivered (lag) (Q1 + Q2) X X X Var/Varh received (lead) (Q3 + Q4) X X X Varh net delivered (Q1 - Q4) X X Varh net received (Q2 - Q3) X VA/VAh delivered X X X VA/VAh lagging X X X VA/VAh received (*Bidirectional Adder) * * X Qh delivered X X X PF XXXX X X Event/Error Logging XXXXX X X Optional Adders (if purchased):

• Per-phase V&A: ****standardstandard

- Vh (A, B, C, average)

- Ah (A, B, C, N)

- Amp Demand (A, B, C)

-A

-V

• TOU basic (4+T) or extended (7+T) **** * *

• Load Profile (48 KB or 96 KB) **** * *

• Bidirectional Measurement **** *standard

The asterisks indicate that these options are not standard, but can be ordered for any measurement level.

Draft

h (aggregate)

*** * X

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 1-3

General Information

Packaging

The SENTINEL meter is available in the following Socket and A-base packaging:

Table 1.2 SENTINEL Package Forms

Socket Package (ANSI1)

Self Contained (200A and 320A) Transformer Rated (20A)

16S (14S, 15S, 17S)

12S

Self Contained (150A) Transformer Rated (20A)

16A (14A, 15A, 17A) 10A (9A)

As specified in ANSI 12.10

Forms listed in parentheses have been consolidated

A-base Package (ANSI1)

9S (8S) 45S (5S) 46S (6S)

66S (26S)

45A (5A) 46A (6A) 48A (8A)

Meter Components

The SENTINEL meter package holds and protects the various meter components, both in service and in shipping. The mechanical package also contributes to safety by enclosing all high voltage conductors. The package has been designed to control solar gain and associated temperature rise of the meter. Finally, the package contributes to tamper resistance by hiding the location of critical meter components and shielding them from unauthorized access.

The SENTINEL is modular in that it consists of:

• A meter platform that allows the addition (inside or outside the factory) of communication or I/O modules

• Independent register and metrology components

Draft

1-4 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

General Information

The meter consists of the upper housing (or upper inner cover), the base assembly (with lower inner cover), and the cover.

Upper Housing

The upper housing (see Figure 1.1), consists of both the Register board and the Power Supply board.

Figure 1.1 Upper Housing

Base Assembly

The base assembly consists of a meter base (socket: Figure 1.2, A-base: Figure 1.3) with CTs, potential leads, and the lower protective housing. The base assembly will vary according to the meter form number. For various cable assemblies, a knockout is located at the six o’clock position in the socket base assembly to allow wires from an option board to exit the meter base. The A-base configuration will support cable assemblies either through the terminal block, or on the side(s) of the meter.

Draft

Figure 1.2 Socket Base Assembly

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 1-5

General Information

Figure 1.3 A-base Base Assembly

Meter Availability

Covers

The SENTINEL meter is equipped with a polycarbonate cover. Cover options include:

• Demand reset (keylock available)

• Without demand reset

• Communication cable connector “factory knock-out” (6 o’clock position on cover face)

The SENTINEL is available with the following communication options:

• Input/Output Pulse Modules

• R300 Series Communication Modules

• Modem Communication Module

• RS-232/RS-485 Communication Module

Each of these options is described in the following sections.

Input/Output Module (Optional)

Five input/output variations are available with the SENTINEL meter:

• Option 1 has one Form C KYZ output and one Form A low-current solid-state contact output. (See Figure 1.5 on page 1-7.)

• Option 2 has two Form C KYZ outputs and one Form A low-current solid-state contact output. (See Figure 1.6 on page 1-8.)

• Option 3 has four Form C KYZ outputs and one Form A low-current solid-state contact output. (See Figure 1.7 on page 1-8.)

• Option 4 has two Form C KYZ outputs, one Form A low-current solid-state contact output, and two Form A KY pulse inputs. (See Figure 1.8 on page 1-9.)

• Option 5 has four Form C KYZ outputs, one Form A low-current solid-state contact output, and two Form A KY pulse inputs. (See Figure 1.9 on page 1-10.)

Draft

1-6 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Figure 1.4 shows a fully loaded Input/Output board.

Figure 1.4 Input/Output Board

General Information

Input/Output Module Color Coding

The following diagrams illustrate the color coding for each of the I/O Module options available.

In the following diagrams, NO means Normally Open.

Draft

Yellow

Common

Black

Red

Orange

White

Figure 1.5 Input/Output Option 1

Form C KYZ Output #1

}

Form A Low Current / High Current

}

Solid-state Contact

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 1-7

General Information

Yellow

Black

Red

Yellow / White

Black / White

Red / White

Common

Figure 1.6 Input/Output Option 2 & Supplemental Option 1

Draft

Common

Orange

Y Z K Y Z K Y Z K Y Z K

White

Yellow

Black

Red

Yellow / White

Black / White

Red / White

Brown

Blue

Violet

Brown / White

Blue / White

Violet / White

Orange

White

Form C KYZ Output #1

}

Form C KYZ Output #2

}

Form A Low Current / High Current Solid-state Contact

}

Form C KYZ Output #1

}

Form C KYZ Output #2

}

Form C KYZ Output #3

}

Form C KYZ Output #4

}

Form A Low Current / High Current Solid-state Contact

}

Figure 1.7 Input/Output Option 3

1-8 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Common

Y Z K Y

Yellow

Black

Red

Yellow / White

Black / White

Red / White

Orange

White

Form C KYZ Output #1

}

Form C KYZ Output #2

}

Form A Low Current / High Current Solid-state Contact

}

General Information

POS

GND

POS

GND

Figure 1.8 Input/Output Option 4 & Supplemental Option 2

Y K

White / Orange

White/ Black

White / Violet

White/ Blue

} }

Draft

Form A KY Input #1

Form A KY Input #2

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 1-9

General Information

Common

Y Z K Y Z K Y Z K Y Z K

Orange

Yellow

Black

Red

Yellow / White

Black / White

Red / White

Brown

Blue

Violet

Brown / White

Blue / White

Violet / White

White

Form C KYZ Output #1

}

Form C KYZ Output #2

}

Form C KYZ Output #3

}

Form C KYZ Output #4

}

Form A Low Current / High Current

}

Solid-state Contact

POS

GND

POS

GND

Draft

R300 Communication Module (Optional)

The R300 is an option board that allows energy and maximum demand values to be transmitted from the SENTINEL via 900 MHz radio frequency. The R300 features include:

• R300S: Broadcasts energy only for demand meters.

• R300SD: Broadcast any two quantities (energy and/or demand) for TOU/LP meters

• R300SD3: Broadcast any three quantities (energy and/or demand) for TOU/LP meters

•Tamper detection

• All components housed within the meter

• Contains no mercury

White / Orange

White/ Black

White / Violet

White/ Blue

Figure 1.9 Input/Output Option 5

} }

Form A KY Input #1

Form A KY Input #2

1-10 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

General Information

Two optional input/output supplemental board variations are available in conjunction with the R300 Communication Module. The variations are:

• Supplemental Option 1: Two Form C KYZ outputs and one Form A low-current

solid-state contact output.

• Supplemental Option 2: Two Form C KYZ outputs, one Form A low-current

solid-state contact output, and two Form A KY pulse inputs.

Figure 1.10 shows the R300 board with the Supplemental I/O board.

R300

Board

Supplemental

I/O Board

Draft

Figure 1.10 R300 Series Option Board with Supplemental I/O Board

Modem Communication Module (Optional)

The Modem Communication Module allows for remote communication at 2400 bps. The modem features include:

• Phone Line Sharing (up to 5 meters)

• Call Windows

•Answer Delays

• Phone Home on Event

• Phone Home on Schedule

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 1-11

General Information

Specifications

Electrical

Figure 1.11 Modem Communication Module

Programmable Outputs

Power Supply

Voltage Ranges:

Single Phase 120-480 volts 96-528 volts Three Phase 57.7-277 volts 45-332 volts

Frequency: 50 Hz or 60 Hz

Operating Range 45 Hz to 65 Hz

Load Profile/TOU Battery

Volta ge: Operating Range: Carryover: Shelf Life:

Surge Suppression IEEE C62.41 - 1980

Voltage Current 100 mA DC or AC RMS

Pulse Rate 40 Hz maximum

Draft

Solid State KYZ & Low Current Solid-State Contacts

60 Hz range:

(Nominal)

3.6 V nominal

3.4 V - 3.8 V 12 years minimum 25 years minimum

ANSI C12.1

12 - 400 V DC (400 V DC maximum) 12 - 282 V AC (282 V AC maximum)

60 Hz range:

(Actual)

1-12 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Programmable Inputs

Pulse Inputs 12 V DC Internally Wetted

Operating Environment

Temperature Range -40°C to +85°C (-40°F to +185°F)

Humidity 0% to 95% non-condensing

Time Base Power line frequency or crystal oscillator (selectable)

Rated Accuracy (Typical, at ambient temperature)

1% of class to class +/-0.2% @ unity power factor

Time

General Information

+/-0.4% @ 50% power factor

Burden Data

Voltage

120

240

277

480

Line Sync Power line frequency

Crystal Sync +/-0.003% @ 25°C; +/- 0.02% over full temperature range

Potential (120V - 480V) Single Phase Power Supply

Table 1.3 Single Phase Power Supply Potential (120V - 480V)

Typical for Base Meter

Draft

Phase

A 1.3034 2.2814 2.3204 3.7513

B or C <0.001 0.001 <0.001 0.001

A 1.5989 3.1056 2.6441 4.9303

B or C <0.06 0.06 <0.06 0.06

A 1.6867 3.3506 2.8937 5.5201

B or C <0.08 0.08 <0.08 0.08

A 2.4413 5.1525 3.7556 7.719

B or C <0.24 0.24 <0.24 0.24

Watts VA Watts VA

Typical for Meter with R300 or Modem

and/or I/O

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 1-13

General Information

Potential (57.7V - 277V) Three Phase Power Supply

Table 1.4 Three Phase Power Supply Potential (57.7V - 277V)

Typical for Meter

Isolation

Current

Starting Load, Creep

Voltage

57.7 A 2.3714 3.1127 277 A 2.3048 4.2541

I/O Board Outputs 5kV for one minute

I/O Board Inputs 3kV for one minute; limited by the 12-12Vdc Switcher

Current (Per Element) At Test Amps

Meter VA

CL 20 0.002 CL 200 0.09 CL 320 0.18

Maximum Starting Current 5 mA for CL 20 meter

Phase

Draft

Voltages On, No Current Guaranteed no output pulses

Watts VA

50 mA for CL 200 meter

80 mA for CL 320 meter

Standards

ANSI C12.1 — 1995

ANSI C12.16 (Solid-state electricity meters)

ANSI C12.20

ANSI C37.90.1 — 1989 (Oscillatory and fast-transient waveforms)

ANSI C62.45 — 1987 (Ringing wave form)

1-14 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Dimensions

All dimensions are in centimeters and (inches).

Meter A B C D E

Socket base

A-base

17.65 (6.95)

24.03

(9.459)

16.03

(6.31)

18.48

(7.276)

13.87 (5.46)

14.97

(5.895)

15.24 (6.00)

16.35

(6.438)

A B

General Information

18.54 (7.30)

Figure 1.12 Socket-Base Meter Dimension Drawing

Draft

Line Load

Figure 1.13 A-Base Meter Dimension Drawing

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 1-15

General Information

Shipping Weights

All weights are in kilograms and (pounds).

Table 1.5 Shipping Weights for the SENTINEL Meter

Meter Net Weight

Socket-base 1.8 kg. (4 lbs.) 3.4 kg. (7.5 lbs.) 9.2 kg. (20.2 lbs.) A-base 2.6 kg. (5.7 lbs.) 4.2 kg. (9.3 lbs.) 12.4 kg. (27.3 lbs.)

Gross Weight

(Meter & Carton)

Gross Weight

4 Pack

Draft

1-16 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Chapter 2 Installation

This chapter provides information and instructions to correctly store, unpack, and install the SENTINEL meter.

Storage

Inspect the meter upon receipt before storing. Store the SENTINEL meter in the original packing material. Store the meter in a clean, dry environment at temperatures between -40°C and +85°C (-40°F to +185°F). Avoid prolonged storage (more than one year) at temperatures above +70°C (+158°F).

Unpacking

As with all precision electronic instruments, the SENTINEL meter should be handled with care; however, special handling is unnecessary. The demand reset mechanism is self-secured and should be inspected for proper operation.

Preliminary Inspection

Meters Without Batteries

Upon receipt, do the following:

1 Inspect for obvious shipping damage to the cover and the meter assembly.

2 Ensure that the reset mechanism is secure and not damaged.

3 From the meter nameplate, verify that the following information is as specified

on the original order:

Meter Type Kh Class Test Amps Service Frequency Voltage (Range) Serial Number Form # Bar Code Data

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 2-1

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Installation

Meters With Batteries (TOU and Load Profile Meters)

The SENTINEL battery is a 3.6 volt lithium battery (TADIRAN type 5276/C) with two twisted wires and a 2-pin connector as shown in Figure 2.1.

Note: Early production batteries used red and black wires to the connector; current production batteries use red and white wires.

Figure 2.1 SENTINEL Battery

The SENTINEL battery is very similar to the VECTRON® battery in appearance. However, the two batteries are significantly different. You should only use SENTINEL batteries in SENTINEL meters. To be certain you are using a SENTINEL battery, verify the part number before installing the battery. The approved battery is the TADIRAN TL-5276/C. For more information, see the battery specifications on page 1-12.

The battery is packaged with the meter. To preserve the capacity of the battery, the battery may not be connected to the circuit board. Upon receipt of the meter, take the following steps:

1 Follow the steps for a meter without batteries.

2 Inspect for obvious shipping damage to the battery.

3 Use a standard voltmeter to measure battery voltage. Place a 100 kilo-ohm, 1/4

watt resistor in series with the battery, as shown in Figure 2.2, by inserting the resistor leads into the two-pin connector.

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2-2 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Voltm eter

Battery

Installation

Site Selection

Voltmeter Leads

Figure 2.2 Testing Battery with Voltmeter

Place the voltmeter probes in parallel with the 100 kilo-ohm resistor. The measured voltage should be between 3.45 and 3.75 volts. If the voltage is below

3.45 volts, replace the battery.

Ensure that the voltmeter probes do not short the battery terminals and that the voltmeter is set to the proper v olta ge range . The produ ct you hav e purch ased cont ain s a battery which is recyclable. At the end of its useful life, under various state and local laws, it may be illegal to dispose of this battery into the municipal waste stream. Check with your local area solid waste officials for details about recycling options or proper disposal.

The SENTINEL meter is designed and manufactured for use in either indoor or outdoor environments with temperature ranges between -40°C and +85°C (-40°F to +185°F).

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100 kohm Resistor

Installation

Terminal arrangement diagrams for applicable form numbers are shown in Chapter

5. Refer to these diagrams for proper meter connections.

Socket-Mount Meters

In the socket-mount SENTINEL meter, the current and potential terminals extend as blades, or bayonets, from the back of the meter. Connection is made by plugging the meter into a socket where the bayonets engage main terminal jaws that have

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 2-3

Installation

been connected to the service lines. Electrical connection is provided by the heavy spring pressure of the socket jaws on the meter bayonets. In some heavy-duty sockets, clamping pressure provided by a handle or wrench ensures proper connection. Figure 2.3 shows a socket-mount meter.

Cover

To install the cover, turn it clockwise until it is properly seated. Be sure the locking tabs on the cover are engaged with the base, and the optical port or aperture and demand reset are properly aligned with their corresponding accessories on the register faceplate. If the cover is not correctly aligned, a demand reset or communications with the meter via the optical port or aperture will not be possible.

Do not power up the meter without the upp er and lo wer hous ing prop erly s ecu red in place. Line-level voltages are present inside the housings . Fail ure to follo w th is procedure could result in serious personal injury or death.

Battery (TOU and Load Profile Versions)

For initial installation, the battery may be installed with the meter power on or off. Replacement of a battery may be done with the meter power on or off. Make sure that the upper housing is secured to the lower housing (base assembly) prior to applying power to the meter.

1 Remove the connector housing located at the six o’clock position on the front

of the meter faceplate (upper housing).

2 Install the two-pin battery connector into the connector housing as shown in

Figure 2.4, making sure that the battery connector is flush with the connector housing.

Blades or Bayonets

Figure 2.3 Socket Mount Meter

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2-4 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Installation

3 Plug the connector housing with the installed battery connector back into the

front of the meter faceplate (upper housing), and then snap the battery into the side support of the meter as shown in Figure 2.5.

Programming

Figure 2.4 Connecting the Battery

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Battery

Figure 2.5 Battery Installed

The battery should be connected, if applicable, and the meter must be powered up prior to programming. The meter can be programmed through the cover using the optical port. The communication baud rate for the optical port is 9600.

Refer to the PC-PRO+ 98 SENTINEL Device User’s Manual for detailed instructions for programming the SENTINEL meter.

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 2-5

Installation

Notes:

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2-6 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Chapter 3 Operating Instructions

This chapter describes the basic operation of the SENTINEL meter. It also explains how to configure the SENTINEL while providing detailed information on energy and demand multi14measurement functions, as well as TOU, load profile, KYZ, and communications board options.

Controls and Indicators

All controls and indicators are shown in Figure 3.1.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

Nameplate

Infrared Test LED

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Magnetic Switch

Demand Reset Button

Test Mode Button

Battery Slot

Figure 3.1 Controls and Indicators of the SENTINEL Meter

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 3-1

Battery Connector

Optical Port

Operating Instructions

Demand Reset Button

The demand reset button is located at the 7 o’clock position on the meter face. The demand reset mechanism is used to initiate a demand reset. The demand reset cover mechanism can be physically locked with a meter seal. The reset mechanism can also be disabled by the meter programming software.

There are two methods of triggering a demand reset. When the demand reset button is pressed, a demand reset is immediately performed. A demand reset can also be done using the system programming software communicating directly with the meter.

The following actions occur with a demand reset:

888

888888 is displayed on the LCD.

•

• The demand registers are processed and reset.

• The Demand Reset Count is incremented.

• A self read “snapshot” occurs.

The meter can be programmed with a demand reset lockout time. This is the minimum time required to pass between demand resets configurable from 0 to 255 minutes. If a demand reset is attempted before this amount of time elapses since the last demand reset, the meter will not reset demands. This lockout time does not apply to software initiated demand resets.

Infrared Test LED

If the demand reset button has been programmed to be disa bled, the meter will not perform a demand reset when the button is pushed.

One infrared LED is located at the 3 o’clock position of the meter nameplate. The LED can be configured to pulse based on any of the following energy quantities:

• Wh delivered, received

• Varh delivered, received, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4

• VAh delivered, received (arithmetic or vectorial)

The Kh value, or energy per pulse, is also programmable for each selected quantity.

A different LED configuration is allowed for each of the following display modes: Normal, Alternate, Test, and Test Alternate. This test LED configuration redefines both the energy register programmed and respective pulse weights.

While in Toolbox Display Mode, the LED pulses the Normal Mode energy selection.

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3-2 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

Operating Instructions

The SENTINEL meter features a versatile 9-character LCD display. The LCD with all segments lit is shown in Figure 3.2. There are several static indicators available on the LCD as described in Table 3.1.

Figure 3.2 SENTINEL LCD

Table 3.1 Static Indicators

Indicator Description

Load Emulator (-> for positive, <- for negative)

888

888888

VA, VB, VC Indicators for phase voltages being present

120 240 277 480 Nominal Voltage Indicator (one value appears at a time)

SEL

nor,

The indicators shown in Tab le 3.1 actually display in a dig ital readout font; some characters may display as upper case.

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EOI End of Interval (Registers - Dmd)

Scr Loc Scroll Lock (indicates temporary scroll lock of a display item)

SEL

Alt,

tooL

nor diSP Entry into Normal Mode.

TEST Entry into Test Mode.

ALT TEST Entry into Test Alternate Mode.

Nine digits (7 segments each) for display of alphanumeric information

Reactive Load Indicator:

No arrow for unity PF for positive [delivered] (lag)

for negative [received] (lead)

Selection of Normal, Alternate, or Toolbox display sequence

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 3-3

Operating Instructions

Magnetic Switch

The magnetic switch allows for manual switching between display modes as well as scroll lock of display items. To activate the magnetic switch, hold the magnet to the location shown in Figure 3.3 (magnet icon embedded in cover).

Optical Port

Test Mode Button

Figure 3.3 Activating the Magnetic Switch

The optical port is mounted on the meter cover. The optical port is a communication interface from the meter to a PC. Interface to a PC is accomplished through a DC TAP, AC powered, or port powered communication cable, which plugs into the optical port on one end and the PC’s serial port on the other end. Communication through the optical port is at 9600 bps.

The Test Mode button is located in the lower center of the meter nameplate under the meter cover. Pressing the button activates Test Mode. Pressing the button a second time activates Test Alternate Mode, enabling the user to test a different energy quantity with the IR LED. Pressing the button a third time will exit Test Mode and activate the Normal display.

If the TEST button has been programmed to be disabled, the meter w ill not enter Test Mode when the button is pressed.

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3-4 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Application of Power and Power-up

To energize electronics, apply 120-480V (50/60 Hz) between A-phase and Neutral.

Do not power up the meter if the upper and lower housing are not properly secured. Line-level volt ages are pres ent inside the housings. Failure to follow this procedure could result in serious personal injury or death.

Power Down Procedures

To de-energize all electronics, remove power from the meter.

A power outage is recognized any time the line voltage drops 20 percent below the lowest nominal point of the voltage range. With a standard singlephase power supply, a power outage occurs when line voltage drops below 96 volts; with a polyphase power supply, a power outage occurs when line voltage drops below 45 volts. When a power outage is recognized, the SENTINEL meter saves all billing values to nonvolatile memory.

Demand Meter

Operating Instructions

TOU/Load Profile Meters

Cold Load Pickup

Restoration of AC power energizes the electronics and causes the meter to perform self diagnostic check procedures. The meter then retrieves all billing data from non-volatile memory, begins measuring energy, and starts the process of calculating any demand values.

During normal operation some data is stored in volatile (RAM) memory. When a TOU or Load Profile meter recognizes a power outage according to specifications, it begins battery carry-over operation. All program and billing data will be transferred to nonvolatile (EEPROM) memory. All circuits except the timekeeping circuit and battery-backed RAM are de-energized. The timekeeping circuitry powered by the lithium battery maintains real time during an outage.

Upon the return of AC power, the register undergoes a procedure similar to the initial power-up. The meter performs self-diagnostic checks, data is retrieved from non-volatile memory, and normal operation is resumed. The number of minutes of power outage maintained while the meter was in carry-over operation, is added to the Time on Battery register. Since the demand interval is synchronized to the top of the hour, the first demand interval after a power outage may be shorter than the programmed interval value.

Normally, when power is restored to the meter after an outage, a new demand interval is started and demand calculations begin immediately. The meter can be configured to recognize a demand delay or cold load pickup (CLPU) time. If a CLPU is configured in the meter, the meter will delay demand calculations for the configured amount of time—0 to 255 minutes. For example, if a CLPU time of five minutes is programmed into the meter, a power outage will cause the meter to wait five minutes after power restoration before resuming demand calculations.

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SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 3-5

Operating Instructions

Interval Make-up

Defining CLPU as zero will cause demand calculations to restart immediately after any recognized power outage.

Interval Make-up applies only to Load Profile meters.

Before the end of power-up processing, meter components that store interval data make up any intervals that may have been missed during the outage, to maintain the normal progression of interval end times. Intervals inserted, if warranted, for makeup are inserted with zero data and an outage status, if the length of the outage was greater than a programmable length. If the length of the outage was not greater than the programmed length, the interval does not contain an outage status.

Operating Modes

Normal Mode

Test Mode

The SENTINEL meter has two operating modes: Normal Mode and Test Mode.

In the Normal Mode of operation, there are three display mode options: Normal Display Mode, Alternate Display Mode, and Toolbox Display Mode.

In the Test Mode of operation, there are two display mode options: Test Display Mode and Test Alternate Display Mode. See "Display Modes" on page 3-7 for more information on display modes.

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When the meter is placed in Test Mode, it ceases all normal billing functions. The TEST switch can be used to control the operating mode of the SENTINEL meter.

This is the standard mode of operation and the mode in which the meter automatically starts when energized. Selected quantities are measured and processed in billing registers. During this mode of operation, billing registers are saved in non-volatile memory during power outages.

The meter can be placed into Test Mode either by pressing the TEST button or through software communications. Manual use of the TEST button can be disabled via PC-PRO+ 98 software.

3-6 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Mode Timeout

Operating Instructions

If the TEST button has been programmed to be disabled, the meter w ill not enter Test Mode when the button is pressed.

While in Test Mode, the “TEST” annunciator is displayed on the LCD. When the Test Mode is activated, all billing registers and certain non-billing registers are preserved in non-volatile memory until Test Mode is exited.

To exit Test Mode, press the TEST button. The meter will change display mode to Test Alternate. Press the TEST button again. The LCD will display “ signifying the exit of Test Mode and entry into Normal Mode operation. The meter keeps a running total of the number of times Test Mode is entered.

If the meter is left in Test Mode, the meter will automatically exit after a userconfigurable Mode Timeout. See the PC-PRO+ 98 online help for more information on configuring the Mode Timeout. This action prevents someone from accidentally leaving a meter in Test Mode and thus losing billing data.

nor diSP”

Display Modes

The SENTINEL meter has five display modes as shown in Table 3.2: Normal, Alternate, Test, Test Alternate, and Toolbox. Each display mode has a separate list of items (quantities) it can display. The aggregate of items associated with a display mode is called a display list. Test and Test Alternate modes employ the same display list. All SENTINEL meters can display a maximum of 32 Normal, 32 Alternate, and 16 Test Items. The display items and sequence of display, along with any desired annunciators or ID code number, are selected during program setup, a feature of the PC-PRO+ 98 programming software.

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Operating Mode Display Mode Metrological LED Quantity

Normal (32 items user-selectable)

Normal

Test

The following types of displayable items are available for the user-defined display lists:

• Energy registers

• Demand registers

• Instantaneous registers

•Self Read

• SnapShot registers

• Informational items (non-billing items)

Alternate Toolbox Normal Mode LED Selection

Test Test/Alternate

Table 3.2 Modes Table

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 3-7

Operating Instructions

Energy Data

Numerical values may be displayed in various formats depending on configuration. For example, kilo units, mega units, fixed decimal point, floating decimal point, and leading zeros can all be configured.

The user may program the behavior that the meter should exhibit for every specific error condition. The possible actions in order of increasing severity are ignore the error (do not display the error code), scroll the error code (an error is automatically displayed after each display item), or lock the error, showing only the error code (do not display anything else).

Table 3.3 through Table 3.6 show, in alphabetical order, items programmable for display in the modes indicated. Detailed information about display items is also provided in the PC-PRO+ 98 SENTINEL Device User’s Manual.

Table 3.3 Energy Data Display Items

Display Item

Wh (delivered, received, net) X X X Varh (delivered [lag], received [lead], net

delivered, net received, Q1-Q4) VAh (delivered, received) X X X VAh lag (vectorial) X X X Qh XXX Vh (Phase A, Phase B, Phase C, Average) X X Ah (Phase A, Phase B, Phase C, Neutral) X X

h Aggregate

Normal Alternate Test Toolbox

XXX

XX XX

Display Mode

Demand Data

Display Item

W Delivered (Max, Present, Previous, Projected, Cumulative, Continuous Cumulative)

W Received (Max, Present, Previous, Projected, Cumulative, Continuous Cumulative)

W Net (Max) XXX Var Q1-Q4 (Max, Present, Previous,

Projected, Cumulative, Continuous Cumulative)

Var Delivered [lag: Q1+Q2] (Max, Present, Previous, Projected, Cumulative, Continuous Cumulative)

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Draft

Table 3.4 Demand Data Display Items

Display Mode

Normal Alternate Test Toolbox

XXX

Table 3.4 Demand Data Display Items

Display Item

Var Net Delivered [Q1+Q4] (Max, Present, Previous, Projected, Cumulative, Continuous Cumulative)

Var Received [lead: Q3+Q4] (Max, Present, Previous, Projected, Cumulative, Continuous Cumulative)

Var Net Received [Q2+Q3] (Max, Present, Previous, Projected, Cumulative, Continuous Cumulative)

VA Delivered [arithmetic or vectorial] (Max, Present, Previous, Projected, Cumulative, Continuous Cumulative)

VA Received [arithmetic or vectorial] (Max, Present, Previous, Projected, Cumulative, Continuous Cumulative)

VA Lag (Max, Present, Previous, Projected, Cumulative, Continuous Cumulative)

Max A (per phase: A, B, C) X X PF Average X X Min P.F. X X Coincident Demands (up to 4) X X

Normal Alternate Test Toolbox

XXX

Operating Instructions

Display Mode

Instantaneous Data

Table 3.5 Instantaneous Data Display Items

Display Item

Draft

Instantaneous W X X X Instantaneous Var X X X Instantaneous VA X X X Instantaneous Volts (A, B, C) X X X Instantaneous Amps (A, B, & C) X X X Instantaneous Amps (N) X X Instantaneous P.F. X X Instantaneous Frequency (Hz) X X Instantaneous Current Phase Angles (A, B, C) X Instantaneous Voltage Phase Angles (A, B, C) X

Normal Alternate Test Toolbox

Display Mode

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 3-9

Operating Instructions

Information Data

Table 3.6 Information Data Display Items

Display Item

Calibration Date & Calibration Time X X Cold Load Pickup Outage Time X X Current Transformer Ratio X X Current Date & Current Time X X Days Since Demand Reset X X Demand Reset Count X X Demand Threshold 1-4 X X Diagnostic Counters 1-5 X Display On Time X X Firmware Revision # X X Last Outage Date & Last Outage Time X X Last Program Date & Last Program Time X X Last Reset Date & Last Reset Time X X Last Test Date & Last Test Time X X Load Research ID X X Last Season Self Read Registers X X Meter ID & Meter ID 2 X X Minutes on Battery X X Normal Kh & Normal Kh #2 (Alternate Kh) X X Number of Subintervals X X Number of Test Subintervals X Optical Port Last Interrogate Date &

Optical Port Last Interrogate Time Outage Count X X Program Count X X Program ID X X Register Fullscale X X Register Multiplier X X Segment Te st X X X Self Read 1-4 Registers X X Service Type X X Snapshot #1 (@Last Reset) Registers &

Snapshot #2 (@2nd Last Reset) Registers Software Revision Number X X Subinterval Length X X Test Kh & Test Kh #2 (Test Alternate Kh) X Test Subinterval Length X Time Remaining in Demand Subinterval X X X

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Normal Alternate Test Toolbox

Display Mode

3-10 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Time Remaining in Test Mode X TOU Expiration Date X X TOU Schedule ID X X Mode Timeout X X X Transformer Ratio X X User Data 1-3 X X X Voltage Transformer Ratio X X Option Board Fields 1 - 3 X X

Changing Display Modes

Operating Instructions

Table 3.6 Information Data Display Items

Display Item

The magnetic switch allows for manual switching between display modes as well as scroll lock of display items.

The switch is located near the front of the meter face in the 8 o’clock position.

When a magnet is held to the switch for one second, “Scr Loc” appears on the LCD indicating that Scroll Lock can be enabled if the magnet is removed at that moment. When a magnet is held to the switch for four seconds, the display mode can be changed ( mode appears on the display.

When the magnetic switch is activated for one second and removed, the “Scr Loc” message appears on the LCD and the display locks on the current display item. Whatever value is displayed on the locked screen will continue to be updated every second. The user may scroll to the next display item by again momentarily activating the magnetic switch.

SEL

nor,

SEL

ALt,

Normal Alternate Test Toolbox

SEL

tooL) by removing the magnet when the desired

Display Mode

Mode Timeout

Normal Display Mode

Alternate Display Mode

When the display is put into display modes other than Normal display (Alternate, Toolbox, Scroll Lock, Test, or Test Alternate display modes), the meter will return to normal operation after a programmable Mode Timeout expires. The Mode Timeout can be configured from 1 to 255 minutes using the meter programming software.

The Normal Display Mode is the default display when the meter is energized and when the meter is in Normal Operating Mode. When Mode Timeout occurs from any other display mode, the display returns to Normal Display Mode.

The Normal Display Mode list is user-defined and allows for 32 display items.

The Alternate Display Mode is functionally identical to the Normal Mode. The meter itself still operates under normal measurement, but the display sequence can be programmed to show a different set of displayable items from those in the Normal Display Mode. Like in the Normal Display Mode, a maximum of 32 displayable items can be viewed in the Alternate Display Mode.

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SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 3-11

Operating Instructions

Toolbox Display Mode

While in Alternate Display Mode, the letters “ALT” appear on the LCD to designate activation of the Alternate Display Mode. Upon completion of the Mode Timeout period, the meter automatically returns to the Normal Display Mode.

Toolbox Display Mode is identical to Normal Mode except that the list of displayable items is a fixed list dependent on the service type.

You can enter the Toolbox Mode from either Normal or Alternate Mode. While in Toolbox Mode, a flashing “TEST” appears on the left side of the display.

Once activated, the Toolbox Mode scrolls through the list of per phase items and diagnostic counters. See Table 3.7, Toolbox Mode Display List, for an example of a 3-element SENTINEL meter. For a more detailed discussion about the Toolbox Mode Display List, refer to Chapter 5, "Communications".

Table 3.7 Toolbox Mode Display List

Description Display

Phase A voltage angle PhA 0.0° U Phase A voltage PhA xxx.x U Phase A current angle PhA xxx.x° A Phase A current PhA xxx.x A Phase B voltage angle PhB xxx.x° U Phase B voltage PhB xxx.x U Phase B current angle PhB xxx.x° A Phase B current PhB xxx.x A Phase C voltage angle PhC xxx.x° U Phase C voltage PhC xxx.x U Phase C current angle PhC xxx.x° A Phase C current PhC xxx.x A # of Diagnostic 1 errors d1 xxx # of Diagnostic 2 errors d2 xxx # of Diagnostic 3 errors d3 xxx # of Diagnostic 4 errors d4 xxx # of Diagnostic 5 errors d5 xxx

Draft

All “PhA”, “PhB”, “PhC” quantities are displayed with a fixed decimal and no leading zeros. The Load Emulator is not displayed while the diagnostic counters are displayed. The diagnostic counters are displayed with leading zeros (000-255).

The per phase Volt and Amp readings are Root-Mean-Square (RMS) values which are updated every second. The voltage and current angles are updated every five seconds. The direction of the load emulator is the same as the direction of energy flow for the phase being displayed. If any quantity is undefined due to the meter’s form, the per phase information for that quantity will be displayed as zeros.

If the magnitude of the current for that phase is too low, the current magnitude and angle for a particular phase (A, B, or C) are displayed as zeros.

3-12 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Test Display Mode

Operating Instructions

The SiteScan diagnostic counters represent the number of times each diagnostic error occurred since the last time the counters were reset. (For detailed information about the SiteScan Diagnostic Checks, refer to Chapter 5, "Communications".)

The diagnostic counters range from 0 to 255 and can only be reset to zero through the PC-PRO+ 98 programming software.

Upon completion of the Mode Timeout period, the meter automatically returns to the Normal Display Mode.

The Test Mode can be accessed from either the Normal, Alternate, or Toolbox Mode by removing the meter cover and pressing the Test button.

To activate this mode with a programming device, refer to the appropriate software user’s manual.

The Test Mode annunciator, “TEST” shown in Figure 3.2, is displayed while the SENTINEL meter is in Test Mode.

Activating Test Mode causes all billing data to be transferred to nonvolatile memory. Upon entry of Test Mode, if any of the present interval’s calculated demand values are higher than the stored maximum demand values, the new values are stored as maximum demands. All Test Mode program parameters are then retrieved from nonvolatile memory for use in Test Mode. The parameters are demand test interval length, number of subintervals, and test Kh. Each is independent from those specified for Normal Mode. Activating the demand reset while in Test Mode initializes the demand test interval. (This interval is not synchronized to the top of the hour.)

To exit Test Mode and place the register in Normal Mode, perform one of the following:

• Press and then release the manual Test Mode button twice.

• Wait for selected Test Mode time-out to occur; if the meter is inadvertently left in Test Mode, it will return to Normal Mode at the completion of Mode Timeout.

• Removal of power for a brief period will force Test Mode to end.

Values calculated in Test Mode are not added to previous billing values or stored for retrieval. After exiting Test Mode, all billing data previously transferred to nonvolatile memory is retrieved, an end-of-interval (EOI) is initiated, and a new demand interval begins.

Any time-related activities, such as TOU rate changes or Daylight Savings Time (DST) changes that occur while the meter is in Test Mode, are performed upon exiting Test Mode.

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Test Alternate Display Mode

Test Alternate Mode is functionally identical to Test Mode. To enter Test Alternate Mode, press the Test switch twice. The meter will return to Normal Mode at the completion of Mode Timeout.

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 3-13

Operating Instructions

Diagnostic Displays

Registers

Energy Registers

The user may program the behavior that the meter should exhibit for every specific error condition. The possible actions in order of increasing severity are ignore the error (do not display the error code); scroll its error code (an error code is automatically displayed after each display item); or lock the display, showing only the error code (do not display anything else).

There are five register types in the SENTINEL: energy, demand, instantaneous, self read (or snapshot), and Information.

The SENTINEL can measure numerous energy quantities (Table 3.8) from which the user can configure any eight to be registered.

Table 3.8 SENTINEL Energy Quantities

Measured Quantity Type Phases Directions

Watthours aggregate

Varhours aggregate

VA-hours (vectorial or arithmetic [RMS])

Draft

Volt-hours (Vh)

Amp-hours (Ah)

Q-hours aggregate delivered

aggregate

phase A

phase B phase C average

phase A phase B phase C

neutral aggregate aggregate

delivered received

delivered received net delivered net received per quadrant

delivered received lagging

3-14 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Demand Registers

Operating Instructions

Demands can be calculated from any of the 8 selected energy quantities. The user can configure up to 10 demand registers. The SENTINEL can compute three types of demand: Block Demand, Rolling Demand, or Thermal Demand.

Table 3.9 SENTINEL Demand Quantities

Measured Quantity Type Demand Registers Phases Directions

Watthours Block, Rolling, Thermal aggregate

Varhours Block, Rolling, Thermal aggregate

VA-hours (vectorial or arithmetic [RMS])

Volt-hours (Vh) no

Amp-hours (Ah) Block

Q-hours no aggregate delivered

Block, Rolling, Thermal aggregate

phase A phase B phase C average

phase A phase B phase C

neutral no aggregate no aggregate

delivered received

delivered received per quadrant

delivered received lagging

Instantaneous Registers

The SENTINEL is capable of displaying Primary or Secondary Instantaneous registers, with the following exceptions: Frequency, P.F., and Phase Angles. The user can configure the CT and VT multipliers (transformer ratios) using PC-PRO+ 98 Programming Software.

W Signed (+) Delivered or (-) Received Aggregate Var Signed (+) Delivered or (-) Received Aggregate VA

(Vectorial or Arithmetic) V N one A, B, C A None A, B, C, N PF None Average Frequency None A Phase Angles Va = 0° Vb, Vc, Ia, Ib, Ic

Draft

Table 3.10 Instantaneous Registers

Quantity Directions (Types) [Range] Phases

None Aggregate

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 3-15

Operating Instructions

Self Read and Snapshot Registers

There are up to seven self-read registers available in the SENTINEL meter, depending on the particular version. All meters have two snapshot registers that store self read data triggered by a demand reset. Snapshot 1 is taken at the most recent demand reset. Snapshot 2 is the next most recent set of self read data at demand reset. Meters with time keeping functionality have an additional four selfread registers used for scheduled self-reads, and one Last Season self read register triggered at a season change in TOU meters.

Information Registers

The SENTINEL also stores a significant amount of informational data. These nonregistered values are listed in Table 3.11.

Calibration Date Last Program Date Program ID Calibration Time Last Program Time Register Fullscale Cold Load Pick-Up Last Reset Date Register Multiplier CT Ratio Last Reset Time Segment T e st Current Date Last Test Date Service Type Current Day of Week Last Test Time Software Revision Number Current Time Load Research ID Subinterval Length Days Since Demand Reset Meter ID Test Kh Demand Reset Count Meter ID2 Test Kh #2 (Test Alternate Kh) Demand Reset Lockout Time Minutes on Battery Test Subinterval Length Demand Thresholds 1-4 Normal Kh Time Remaining in Demand Subinterval Diagnostic Counters 1-5 Normal Kh #2 (Alternate Kh) Time Remaining in Test Mode Display On Time Number of Subintervals Transformer Ratio Firmware Revision Number Number of Test Subintervals User Data 1 Last Interrogation Date Optical Port User Data 2 Last Interrogation Time Option Board Field 1,2,3 User Data 3 Last Outage Date Outage Count VT Ratio Last Outage Time Program Count

Table 3.11 Information Registers

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3-16 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Interrogation and Programming

Interrogation

The meter can be interrogated via the ANSI C12.18 optical port at a rate of 9600 bps using PSEM (ANSI C12.18-1996) protocol.

Programming

The software for programming this meter (PC-PRO+ 98/PC-PRO+ 98 Advanced) is a 32-bit Windows 98/NT/2000 application. User-definable security codes in both the programming software and the meter prevent unauthorized access to the meter.

Programming and/or interrogation of the meter can be accomplished through the optical port using a laptop PC and an optical probe.

Time-of-Use (TOU)

The Time-of-Use (TOU) functionality is designed for use in billing applications where multiple rates (bins) are required for energy and demand.

The TOU option can be added to measurement levels 1-4 of the SENTINEL meter. The TOU option is available in two levels:

• Basic TOU: 4 Rates + Total

• Extended TOU: 7 Rates + Total

Operating Instructions

TOU Schedules

Schedule information is programmed using the PC-PRO+ 98 Programming software.

When using the TOU functions of the meter, energy and demand registrations are segmented into time blocks during the day. Each time block is assigned one of four (or one of seven) rate periods. In addition to these four (or seven) rate periods, a total rate is always available.

Calendar Schedule

The calendar schedule contains all daily and yearly information needed for the meter to measure and register data in real time. The schedule contains daily patterns, seasons, and holidays with programmable day types, and rates and outputs. For information concerning the entry of these parameters into the PCPRO+ 98 software package, consult the PC-PRO+ 98 System Manual.

Rates

Four (or seven) independent rates are available for TOU registration. These are designated A, B, C, and D (or A, B, C, D, E, F, and G). Only one of these rates can be active at a time. The Total register, designated Rate T, is always active, regardless of the active rate period.

The SENTINEL TOU rates are applied to all energy and demand registers that have been selected for measurement. Therefore, all energy and demand registers are segmented as per the TOU schedule and available in each rate period, in addition to the Total rate.

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SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 3-17

Operating Instructions

Daily Patterns

Up to four daily patterns are available. Each pattern defines the times during the day that rate period A, B, C, or D (or A, B, C, D, E, F, or G) begins and ends. Up to 24 rate period changes may be specified for each daily pattern.

Day Types

There are four day types: Weekday, Saturday, Sunday, and Holiday. Each day of the week is assigned to one of the four day types. Each day type is assigned one of the four daily patterns when each season is defined. Any of the daily patterns can be used in any combination with the day types.

Seasonal Schedules

A season is a period of weeks during the year when a particular rate is in effect. The year can be divided into a maximum of eight seasons. The day types with associated daily patterns can be defined differently for each season. Up to eight season change dates are specified for each year in the calendar schedule. If multiple seasons are not used, the TOU schedule contains one year-round season.

Season changes occur at midnight of the season change date (where midnight corresponds to 00:00 hours) or can be designated through programming to occur at the first demand reset following the season change date.

TOU Registers

TOU Operation

The SENTINEL meter can measure up to eight energies and ten demands. When the meter is configured for a TOU calendar, all energies and demands that are selected for measurement also have the configured TOU rates applied to them, with the exception of previous, projected, and instantaneous registers. The TOU energy and demand registers are available for display as well. Cumulative and Continuous Cumulative registers are not TOU functions of the SENTINEL meter.

Draft

Current Season Registers

All energy and demand registers selected are considered current season registers. If a single rate schedule is applicable year-round, then only current season registers are used.

Last Season Registers

Last season registers are available when two or more seasons are used during the year. For every current season register (with the exception of Cumulative and Continuous Cumulative registers), there is a last season register for the same quantity. Last season registers are designated “LS” in the programming software. Last season registers can be selected for display in Normal and Alternate Display Lists.

This section describes TOU operation specific to the meter display. Several TOU indicators are available on the liquid crystal display (LCD).

3-18 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Operating Instructions

Rate Annunciators and Active Rate Indicators

Rate annunciators are available with each demand and energy register. An A, B, C, or D (Basic TOU) or an A, B, C, D, E, F, or G (Extended TOU) will appear on the far right side of the LCD (see Figure 3.2 on page 3-3) to indicate the rate period for each quantity being displayed. The rate annunciator that will be displayed for the Total Rate is T.

If the rate annunciator is flashing while a demand or energy value is displayed, the annunciator indicates that it is the current rate in effect. This gives a quick indication that the register is programmed with the correct TOU schedule and that it is currently storing the correct time.

Season Change

At the end of a specified season, all last season registers are updated with current season register data. The meter can be programmed to activate an automatic demand reset at season change. A season change occurs at midnight at the end of the programmed season change date or at the first demand reset following the season change date, depending on how the meter has been programmed. Some utilities program the season change to occur at the first demand reset following the season change date to make season changes concurrent with the meter reading cycles.

The following events take place when an automatic demand reset occurs at a season change:

1 The current season energy registers are copied directly to the last season

energy registers.

2 The current season maximum demand registers are copied directly to the last

season maximum demand registers, and T rate is added to the cumulative demand register.

3 After the demand reset, the maximum demand registers are reset to zero, and

the T rate cumulative demand register is copied to the last season cumulative demand register.

If there is no demand reset at season change, all current season registers are directly copied to last season registers at season change, but no current season registers are zeroed.

Draft

Battery Carryover

When the meter recognizes a power outage, it begins battery carryover operations. All billing data is transferred to nonvolatile memory at this time, and all circuits, except the timekeeping circuit, are de-energized. Load Profile data is transferred to non-volatile memory only if there is a full block of data (128 intervals). The timekeeping circuitry, powered by the lithium battery, keeps time while the meter is in battery carryover mode.

Upon restoration of AC power, all self-diagnostics are completed, and all data is retrieved from nonvolatile memory. The real time is retrieved from the real time clock. The elapsed time of the outage is also added to the stored value for the time spend on battery.

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 3-19

Operating Instructions

Load Profile

Load Profile Specifications

Load Profile (mass memory) data is stored in blocks (records) of 128 intervals. The profile interval length is the same for all channels and is independent of the interval length for demand quantities. Each interval of load profile data is identified by date and time. Each interval contains status bits indicating the occurrence of outages, Test Mode, and other significant events or errors. Refer to the PC-PRO+ 98 online help for a list of Load Profile Status Codes. Register readings are also stored for each channel for data validation.

The Load Profile functionality is designed for use in billing and load research applications where multi-channel high resolution data is needed. The load profile option can be added to measurement levels 1-4 of the SENTINEL meter. Load profile does not require Time-of-Use to operate.

Capacity

The load profile option is available in two sizes: 48 kBytes or 96 kBytes of memory. The amount of memory actually used for load profile recording is programmable in 1 kByte increments (1-48 or 1-96). In both load profile options, there are up to 8 channels available for interval load profile data.

Bit Resolution

The load profile operates with 16-bit data resolution. Equivalent pulse count resolution is as follows:

Bits Pulse Counts

16 65,535

Draft

When a Net quantity (i.e., Net Wh) is chosen as a load profile channel, all load profile channels have 15-bit data resolution.

Interval Lengths

The load profile records data on a block interval basis. The interval length is programmable for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, or 60 minutes. The interval length is the same for all channels and is independent of the interval length for demand quantities.

Power Outage

The SENTINEL meter flags an interval when a power outage exceeds a specified number of seconds. The range for power outage length is programmable from 0 to 255 seconds and must not exceed the programmed interval length.

32,767

3-20 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Channel Configuration

Pulse Constants

Operating Instructions

The SENTINEL meter can be programmed to have one to eight channels of interval load profile data. Each channel corresponds to an energy register selected during the programming process. In order to load profile an energy, the energy must first be selected as a quantity to be measured.

Selection of channel configuration and pulse constants is accomplished through the programming software. Each data channel is programmed to record load profile data from user-selected register. The energy registers allowed for load profile are listed in Table 3.3 on page 3-8.

For each load profile channel, the pulse constant is programmable from 0.025 to 10 unithours per pulse in 0.025 increments. As with the KYZ pulse output constants, the load profile pulse constants apply to secondary readings only.

Example: Calculation of pulse weight from kWh

A SENTINEL meter, 3-element, 120 Volts, CL20 is programmed to record kWh in load profile with 15 minute intervals.

First, calculate the maximum watthour accumulation during 15 minute intervals:

Data Storage

max

The maximum number of pulses is 65,535; therefore, the smallest pulse weight (PW) that can be used is:

Draft

Since the pulse weight value must be a multiple of 0.025 in the SENTINEL, therefore 0.05 Wh could be programmed as the pulse weight (Ke) for the kWh channel in load profile in this example.

The SENTINEL meter uses non-volatile flash memory to record load profile data. Data is stored in load profile memory at the end of each interval. Each channel has 16 bits written to load profile memory. For example, consider 8 channels of load profile. At the end of an interval, a 16-bit number is written into load profile memory for channel 1; a 16-bit number for channel 2 follows immediately; and so on, up to the last 16-bit number for channel 8, which follows immediately.

The process continues for each interval until 128 intervals (one block or record) have been recorded. In addition to the profile data, each interval contains eight types of status bits written into each data interval.

1 Partial Interval—The status bit is set for a partial interval due to a time

adjust, power outage, or beginning interval.

120V()20A()× 3 phases()× 0.25 hours()×=

min

max

1 800 watthours,=

1800 Wh

----------------------

65 535,

0.0275==

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 3-21

Operating Instructions

2 Long Interval—The status bit is set for a long interval due to a time adjust

backwards.

3 Skipped Interval—The status bit is set for a skipped interval due to either a

power outage, Test Mode, or time adjusted forward during the interval.

4 Test Mode—The status bit is set for Test Mode due to the meter being in test

mode during the interval.

5 DST—The status bit is set for DST due to DST being in effect during the

interval.

6 Power Outage—The status bit is set for each interval during which a power

outage occurs (greater than the minimum time programmed in software).

7 Time adjust forward—The status bit is set for time adjust forward during the

interval.

8 Time adjust ba ck w a r d —The status bit is set for time adjust backward during

the interval.

Refer to the PC-PRO+ 98 Online Help for a list of Load Profile Status Codes.

Recording Duration

In addition to the interval profile data and the interval status data, each block contains a time tag specifying the month, day, hour, and second of the end of the data block.

The following equation can be used to determine the recording duration of the load profile:

Recording Duration (days) = (M x I x 1024) / (1,440 x [(2 x C + 2) + ((6 x C + 4) / 128)])

Draft

M = Memory size in kilobytes

C = Number of channels

I = Interval Length in minutes

Table 3.12 shows the recording duration for 48 kilobytes (KB) load profile memory size; Table 3.13 shows the recording duration for 96 KB load profile memory size.

3-22 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Operating Instructions

Table 3.12 Recording Duration (in days) for 48 KB of Load Profile Memory

Recording

Duration (48 KB)

Number of

Channels

1 8 17 25 33 42 50 84 100 126 167 251 502 2 6 11 17 22 28 33 56 67 84 111 167 334 3 4 8 1317212542506384125251 4 3 7 1013172033405067100200 5 3 6 8 11 14 17 28 33 42 56 83 167 6 2 5 7 10 12 14 24 29 36 48 72 143 7 246810132125314263125 8 24679111922283756111

Table 3.13 Recording Duration (in days) for 96 KB of Load Profile Memory

Recording

Duration

(96 KB)

Number of

Channels

1 17 33 50 67 84 100 167 201 251 335 502 1004 2 11 22 33 45 56 67 111 134 167 223 334 669 3 8 17 25 33 42 50 84 100 125 167 251 501 4 7 13 20 27 33 40 67 80 100 134 200 401 5 6 11 17 22 28 33 56 67 83 111 167 334 6 5 10 14 19 24 29 48 57 72 95 143 286 7 4 8 1317212542506383125250 8 4 7 1115192237455674111223

1 2 3 4 5 6 10 12 15 20 30 60

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INTERVAL LENGTH (Minutes)

Event Log

The SENTINEL meter has an Event Log that allows for the recording of historical events that have taken place in the meter. The events that can be logged must be configured via the PC-PRO+98 programming software.

In order to have date and time associated with an event, Time-of-Use or Load Profile is required. A Demand-only SENTINEL meter allows for event log recording, however the date and time will not be retained in the event of a power outage.

The SENTINEL Event Log is circular in nature, allowing for the capture of the most recent events in the meter at all times. The SENTINEL is capable of retaining a minimum of 188 events and a maximum of 412 events prior to wrapping, depending upon the size of the events that are captured in the Event Log.

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 3-23

Operating Instructions

Each event log record includes an event description, a time and date stamp, and additional information on certain events.

The Event Log is written to non-volatile memory periodically. In the event of a power outage, the four most recent events are maintained along with the events already stored in memory.

The contents of the event log can be viewed using the meter programming software. Refer to the PC-PRO+98 SENTINEL Device User’s Manual for information on viewing the SENTINEL Event Log.

The following events may be configured for recording in the SENTINEL Event Log:

• Clear Billing Data—billing data has been cleared upon initialization of the meter, or as a secondary activity by authorized personnel

• Configuration Error—meter configuration was not successful

• Demand Reset—a demand reset occurred

• Demand Threshold Exceeded—a demand exceeded a configured demand threshold

• Demand Threshold Restored—a demand restored below a demand threshold after exceeding it

• Diagnostic 1 On—diagnostic 1 condition occurred

• Diagnostic 1 Off—diagnostic 1 condition went away

• Diagnostic 2 On—diagnostic 2 condition occurred

• Diagnostic 2 Off—diagnostic 2 condition went away

• Diagnostic 3 On—diagnostic 3 condition occurred

• Diagnostic 3 Off—diagnostic 3 condition went away

• Diagnostic 4 On—diagnostic 4 condition occurred

• Diagnostic 4 Off—diagnostic 4 condition went away

• Diagnostic 5 On—diagnostic 5 condition occurred

• Diagnostic 5 Off—diagnostic 5 condition went away

• DST Time Change—DST adjustment forward or backward has occurred

• Event Log Cleared—Event Log was cleared by programming software

• Full Scale Overflow—see page 7-12: Non-fatal Error 6 for description

• Input High—(I/O) a KY input switched from low to high

• Input Low—(I/O) a KY input switched from high to low

• Option Board Event—R300 or modem board is active

• Load Profile Error—see page 7-11: Non-fatal Error 5 for description

• Logon Successful—a user or option board logged on successfully to the meter

• Loss of Phase—see page 7-11: Non-fatal Error 2 for description

• Loss of Phase Restored—phase voltage was restored

• Low Battery—see page 7-11: Non-fatal Error 1 for description

• Meter Reprogrammed—meter was initialized or reconfigured

• Power Outage—power was lost

• Power Restored—power was restored

• Register Self Read—self read occurred

• Reverse Power Flow—see page 7-11: Non-fatal Error 4 for description

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3-24 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Security Codes

Operating Instructions

• Reverse Power Flow Restored—delivered power flow resumed after

reverse flow occurred

• Season Change—TOU season change occurred

• Security Fail—logon with security code failed

• Security Pass—logon with security code succeeded

• Test Mode Entered—Test Mode or Alternate Test Mode was entered

• Test Mode Exited—Test Mode or Alternate Test Mode was exited

• Time Changed —a time adjustment forward or backward occurred

• TOU Schedule Error—see page 7-11: Non-fatal Error 3 for description

The meter security codes provide protection for meter register and load profile data. Four levels of security are inherent in the SENTINEL meter. Table 3.14 describes the level of access to the meter provided by each device security code. Once security codes are programmed and stored in the meter, users are required to logon to the meter with an appropriate password. The user may choose not to use security codes in the meter’s program.

Table 3.14 SENTINEL Security Code Levels

Level Access Level Description

Primary/Firmware Download

Limited Reconfigure

Secondary Read-only access plus

Tertiary Read-only access Access to the meter is limited to reading

Previous Security Code

Read/Write access and firmware download

Draft

Read/Limited Write access

Demand Reset and Reset Time

Read-only access This code is not programmed into the meter; it

Access to the meter is unrestricted. All read/ write functions are available including all programming options, the ability to download new firmware to the meter, and upgrade or downgrade MeterKey features. New security codes can be programmed into the meter using the level of access provided by this security code.

Provides read and limited write access including the ability to reset demand, change the time in the device, and reconfigure the device. You cannot clear billing data, change display modes, or change security codes.

Read-only access is provided as well as the ability to reset demand and change the time.

information from the meter. No operation that writes information to the meter is available. This code can be used by other applications that contact the meter.

allows a user to log on to the device for readonly access.

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 3-25

Operating Instructions

Implementing Security Codes

When a customer file is created, security codes are entered by the software (PC-PRO+ 98) operator. Each security code may be from 1 to 20 characters long. For example, the primary code is selected to be ABC and the secondary code is to be 123. When the software first attempts to communicate with a meter that has just been delivered from the factory, the meter has only null security codes. The software downloads and unlocks the meter with these null security codes. When the meter is initialized, the software downloads security codes ABC and 123 to the meter.

When unlocking a meter with security codes, the software downloads the primary code that is in the PC-PRO+ 98 Device Security Codes dialog— in this case ABC. If this code matches the meter primary code, the operator can read and/or program the meter. If it does not match the primary, but matches the secondary, 123, the operator can only read data from the meter.

For example:

Three PCs are set up to interrogate SENTINEL meters. One PC is designated as the Master PC. The Master PC programs SENTINEL meters for installation and interrogates meters in the field. In this example, the Master PC programs a meter with a primary security code of SEN1 and a secondary security code of 222. The Master PC can then read data from and reprogram the meter. The remaining two PCs are configured so that the same customers are in each database, but each PC-PRO+ 98 software is configured with a security code that matches the meter’s secondary security code only. In this case, the two additional PCs have been given security code 222. When the two PCs interrogate the meter, the security code they download provides them with secondary security code privileges only.

To set up a meter so that the Master PC can perform all meter functions, but any other PC has limited access, program the meter through the Master PC with a primary security code, but leave the secondary security code blank. Any PC other than the Master PC will connect to the meter using a blank security code and thereby gain secondary access only.

Clearing Security Codes—Customer Default Mode

Draft

To clear the existing security codes in the meter, return the meter to the Customer Default Mode. See "Firmware Upgrades" on page 3-27.

If security codes are cleared from the meter in this manner, the PC will have no record of a security code change. The PC will go through the following attempts to gain access to the meter:

•If the Options | Default Values | Device Security Codes | Override Security Code menu option IS NOT checked, PC-PRO+ 98 will:

a Use the security code in the device Primary field.

b Use the security code in the device Previous Security Code field.

c Use all nulls.

•If the Options | Default Values | Device Security Codes | Override Security Code menu option IS checked, PC-PRO+ 98 will:

a Use the security code entered in the Security Code field on the logon

screen.

b Use the security code in the device Previous Security Code field.

c Use all nulls.

3-26 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Firmware Upgrades

PC-PRO+ 98 5.1 and higher supports upgrading firmware for SENTINEL meters. When the firmware is upgraded, all billing data in the meter is erased. After a meter’s firmware is upgraded, you must reinitialize the meter.

In order to upgrade firmware on a SENTINEL meter, you must first install the SENTINEL firmware on your computer. PC-PRO+ 98 can then be used to communicate with a meter and download the firmware to the meter. Refer to the PC-PRO+ 98 SENTINEL Device User’s Manual for specific instructions.

After you have installed the SENTINEL firmware on your computer, if you attempt to initialize a SENTINEL meter that has a different version of firmware, a message is displayed stating that the firmware in the meter is different and asks if you want to change the meter firmware.

This feature is not available for meters that have been initialized (sealed) for Canadian installations. If a Canadian meter has not been sealed, the firmware can be upgraded.

Installing SENTINEL Firmware on the PC

Operating Instructions

You must install the SENTINEL firmware on your computer to make it available to PC-PRO+ 98. You can obtain firmware upgrades through your SchlumbergerSema Sales Representative. You can install only one version of SENTINEL firmware on a computer.

For more information, refer to your PC-PRO+ 98 online help files and other documentation.

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SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 3-27

Operating Instructions

Notes:

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3-28 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Chapter 4 Theory of Operation

This chapter explains the operating theory of the SENTINEL multimeasurement electronic meter. The first two subsections describe the main circuit boards of the meter and the associated functions. Subsequent sections describe the measurement and calibration techniques and the packaging architecture.

Meter Platform

The meter platform consists of sensors, metrology, and registers as depicted in the SENTINEL block diagram shown in Figure 4.1.

Draft

Figure 4.1 SENTINEL Meter Block Diagram

The sensors are current transformers and resistive voltage dividers as used in the SchlumbergerSema VECTRON sensors, the internal ground plane of the meter is connected to the meter’s neutral, which in some services is at line potential.

The metrology is Cosmos-Poly-Complex (CPC), consisting of a six-channel deltasigma converter and a digital signal processor.

There are three serial data ports for connection to the optical port, the metrology, and for future connection to a communication or I/O module (optionally installed).

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 4-1

meter. As a result of using non-isolated voltage

Theory of Operation

Meter Architecture

Main Board

The electronic portion of the SENTINEL meter consists of a main circuit board connected with a ribbon cable to a power supply circuit board. These circuit boards are housed in a single module called the upper housing.

SENTINEL meters configured with any of the numerous output options contain an additional circuit board which is installed between the upper housing assembly and the lower housing. Connection between the option board and the main board is achieved through a single ribbon connector. The resulting package is a compact and aesthetically appealing configuration for all applications.

The main board contains all of the low voltage circuitry for the meter. It is a surface mount four-layer design utilizing all solid-state general purpose integrated circuits. This design provides excellent transient noise immunity and enhanced reliability. The circuitry on the main board can be described in five sections: register, metrology, display, communication ports, and switches as shown in Figure

4.2.

Display Circuitry

Metrology Circuitry

Register

The register performs the primary functions of the meter including energy, demand, time-of-use, and load profile. It is comprised of a microprocessor connected to a non-volatile memory. The microprocessor includes on-chip flash memory where the firmware resides. This memory is non-volatile, but is rewritable to allow firmware upgrades in the shop or field. The microprocessor performs all the control, calculation, communication and data storage functions associated with the register function.

I/O, Modem, (Auxiliary) Expansion

Draft

Switches

Figure 4.2 Main Circuit Board

Optical Port

4-2 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Theory of Operation

The microprocessor is connected to an off-chip non-volatile memory. This device stores all the measurement data including load profile and event/history logs.

In TOU/Load Profile versions of the meter, the power to the register microprocessor is battery backed. This allows the microprocessor to directly perform the real-time clock function (keeping accurate time and date through outages). The battery does not back the power to any other component on the board. For demand-only functionality, the battery is not needed.

Metrology

The metrology performs the direct sampling of the voltage and current waveforms and the raw processing of these samples to compute all the energy quantities. It is comprised of a dedicated microprocessor and six analog-to-digital (A/D) converters. Low level signals proportional to the service voltages and currents are connected to the analog inputs of the A/D converters. These converters, which are contained in one package, simultaneously sample the signals and send the digital result to the microprocessor 1,953 times per second. The microprocessor takes these samples, applies precision calibration corrections and computes all the fundamental quantities required for the specific meter configuration.

Every second, the register processor requests data from the metrology processor. The metrology processor does not store any data at power-down.

Display

The display circuitry is contained on the main board shown in Figure 4.2 and is mounted in the upper housing so that the LCD is exposed through a window in the housing. The LCD is driven by an application-specific driver that keeps the information on the display clearly visible across the widest possible temperature range.

When power is first switched on, a hardware controlled reset signal is activated and the LCD is initialized with a “TEST” indicator in the lower left corner. This signifies that the meter is powering up and running diagnostics. The meter will then test the voltage on the line and verify that there is enough voltage present at the inputs to the meter so that normal operation can begin.

The display can be programmed for a segment test where all of the digits and annunciators are turned on. This allows ongoing verification of the integrity of the LCD and its driver. Unless programmed otherwise, new meters will only display this segment test. Temperature compensation circuitry is provided to maintain proper display contrast through wide ambient temperature changes. If extremely low temperature is expected, the programmable display on-time may need to be increased so that the LCD will have time to respond to different displays.

Communication Ports

The main board supports communication to the register processor through two ports: optical and auxiliary.

The optical port is comprised of an optical transmitter / receiver pair that are mounted on the main board so that they are communicable through the ANSI optical port on the front of the meter. Through this port, the meter can be configured, firmware can be upgraded, and all the meter's data can be read.

Draft

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 4-3

Theory of Operation

The auxiliary port is a UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter) made available on three pins (GND, TX, RX) on the option board connector. This port is capable of 9600 Baud communication of all the meter data. This port will be utilized by a third party communication module when installed “under the cover”.

Switches and LED

There are three special purpose switches in the SENTINEL: Demand Reset, Magnetic, and Test. The microprocessor monitors each switch position continuously. If a change of state is detected, the appropriate control function is executed.

The function of each switch is described in the following sections.

Demand Reset Switch

When this switch is activated, the demand values are updated to include the current demand interval, a 'snap-shot' of the registers is stored, the peak demand values are added to the cumulative values, and the demand registers are cleared. The demand reset counter is incremented by one. A new demand interval is started. If the meter is battery backed, then the new interval will remain synchronized to the clock. If there is no battery, then the new interval will be synchronized to the demand reset.

Magnetic Switch

The function of the magnetic switch is twofold; it controls the display mode of the meter and scroll locks the display.

The scroll lock may be activated with the trigger of the magnetic switch. “ScrLoc” will be displayed on the LCD. The scroll lock “freezes” the display on its current quantity. This quantity is then updated once per second.

If the magnet is placed near the magnet icon on the front of the meter and quickly removed, the meter will display “ScrLoc”. The display can then be advanced to the next list item by passing the magnet by the icon on the meter. This applies to all display modes.

The magnetic switch also allows toggling between Normal, Alternate, and Toolbox display lists. To accomplish this, the magnet is held in place by the icon on the front cover for four seconds. The display will then scroll between “SEL nor”, “SEL ALt” and “SEL tooL”. If the magnet is removed while “SEL nor” is displayed on the LCD, then the Normal display list will begin. In the same way, if the magnet is removed while “SEL ALt” is displayed, then the Alternate display list will begin. And likewise, “SEL tooL” for the Toolbox display list. To return to Normal display Mode, activate the magnetic switch again, wait for “SEL nor” to be displayed on the LCD, and then remove the magnet.

The Normal and Alternate display lists are fully configurable. The Toolbox display list is fixed and provides useful service-specific information including per phase RMS voltage and RMS current values and their angles relative to phase A voltage. This information can be used to verify that the service is properly wired.

Draft

Test Mode Switch

In order to activate the Test switch, the cover must be removed. When the Test switch is pressed, the meter enters Test Mode and “tESt” appears on the LCD. When it is pressed a second time, the meter enters Test Alt Mode and “Alt tESt”

4-4 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Theory of Operation

appears on the LCD. When it is pressed a third time, the meter returns to Normal mode. Both Test Mode and Test Alt Mode have the same programmable display list. They only differ on the quantity that is pulsed by the LED.

While in Test Mode and Test Alt Mode, the magnetic switch may be used to scroll lock, but it will not change the display mode.

Test LED

The SENTINEL meter has an LED dedicated to generating pulses in proportion to selected energy quantities. The meter allows configuration of different quantities on the LED for each display mode: Normal, Alternate, Test and Test Alternate. This allows successive testing of multiple energy quantities without reconfiguring the meter. In Toolbox Mode, the LED pulses represent the same quantity as in Normal Mode.

Data Storage

Data storage is accomplished using non-volatile memory. The data storage function saves billing values during power outages, maintains the programming and calibration values, and stores the load profile data The advantage of using non-volatile memory technology is that the device does not have to be battery backed. This allows the SENTINEL meter to run longer on a battery than many other products.

Power Supply Board

The power supply board provides the +3 VDC for all analog and digital circuits within the SENTINEL meter. Additionally, it contains a capacitor that provides the energy necessary to store billing information in non-volatile memory upon an outage. Although they are not related to the power supply, resistor dividers for sensing the service voltages are located on the power supply board to keep all of the high voltage signals away from the register board circuitry.

A four-layer board has been designed for the power supply circuit. This board, working together with the electronic components, provides excellent power line surge, transient, and noise immunity.

The SENTINEL is available with a singlephase power supply that powers the meter from the A-phase service voltage, or a polyphase power supply that powers the meter from any phase service voltage.

The circuitry on the power supply board can be described in three sections: switching power supply, surge protection, and EMI filtering as shown in Figure 4.3 on page 4-6.

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SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 4-5

Theory of Operation

Polyphase Supply Option Surge Suppression

Surge Suppression

Switching Power Supply

Noise Suppression

Polyphase Supply Option

+12Vdc Supply

Figure 4.3 Power Supply Board

Current Transformer Connections

+3.8Vdc Supply

The SENTINEL meter is not line isolated. The circuit board ground is electrically linked to the external meter neutral connection. The internal meter ground could be as much as 480V above earth ground in certain metering installations.

The switching power supply is a classic isolated flyback topology supply. This topology provides high power conversion efficiency and is optimal for wideranging input voltages. The immediate output of the switching supply is 12[Vdc]. The 12[Vdc] is linearly regulated to 3[Vdc] for the meter electronics.

A large capacitor on the 12[Vdc] output stores the energy needed to write billing data to non-volatile memory upon an outage.

Surge Protection

Surge protection for the electronics in the SENTINEL meter is provided by Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs). MOVs are clamping devices that allow voltage up to a limit, and then increasingly conduct current to prevent the voltage from exceeding the limit. The MOVs on the power supply board are connected directly across the voltage inputs to the meter. Although this approach requires very large MOVs, it prevents high voltages from appearing on or near the electronic boards giving the SENTINEL superior performance when exposed to extremely high-voltage surges.

EMI Filtering

The EMI filtering prevents high frequency noise from the meter’s power and digital circuits from radiating out onto the power lines. Resistors, inductors, and capacitors work together to provide the needed filtering.

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4-6 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Measurement Techniques

The SENTINEL uses voltage dividers to sense voltage and current transformers to sense current. Use of this type of voltage circuit requires that the ground for electronics be connected to line neutral. These sensors produce low-level signals that are exactly proportional to the service voltage and current. These low level signals are sampled simultaneously by 6 analog-to-digital converters packaged in a single device. The voltage and current waveforms from each meter phase are sampled 1953 times per second.

Special techniques employed in the digital sampling process ensure that the sample measurements track the waveform shape exactly, even when the normal 50/60 Hz sine wave becomes distorted. These techniques make the SENTINEL meter much more accurate than standard induction meters under high harmonic conditions because high frequency waveform components do not go undetected.

A dedicated microprocessor analyzes the rapid succession of voltage and current samples and computes instantaneous values and energy quantities. Because processing is done at the sample rate, the meter can determine both active and reactive power.

Another processor accumulates the desired active energy, reactive energy, demand, Time-of-Use (TOU), and load profile quantities. In addition, this processor maintains an LCD and real-time clock.

A current mode flyback switching power supply supports the SENTINEL meter’s circuitry. The power supply provides +3 VDC for analog and digital circuit operation. SENTINEL meter functions are implemented in a combination of hardware and firmware. The operation of some of these functions depends on parameters that are programmed within the meter using PC-PRO+ 98.

Theory of Operation

Calibration

Sampling

Factory calibration corrects for normal part-to-part variations for each component that impacts metrological accuracy. Although these components vary in initial value, they have been chosen by design to be stable over time and temperature. Field verification of the metrological accuracy can be done many ways, but field calibration is not required.

Factory calibration of the SENTINEL meter is accomplished by corrective digital signal processing. During the manufacturing process, precision instrumentation is used to compute correction coefficients for each phase under a variety of load and power factor conditions. At the end of the calibration, the correction coefficients are written into a protected non-volatile memory that can never be erased. The meter is then immediately verified for accuracy with the calibration coefficients applied.

The six analog-to-digital converters sample each phase voltage and current signal every 512 µs (independent of the line frequency) and send the digital values immediately to the microprocessor. This amounts to approximately 32 samples per cycle at 60[Hz]. Each time a new set of digital samples are received by the microprocessor, it calculates all of the selected metrological quantities.

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SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 4-7

Theory of Operation

Input Waveform

Sampled Waveform

Figure 4.4 Input & Sampled Waveforms

At this sampling rate, harmonics to the 15th can be directly calculated. The high rate and simultaneous nature of the sampling enables the SENTINEL meter to measure energy quantities accurately under high harmonic distortion conditions.

The sampling continues uninterrupted as long as the meter is powered up. All other processing is done in the background between samples. From the continuous train of digital samples on each of the six channels, current, voltage, active energy, reactive energy, and apparent energy quantities are computed.

Voltage and Current Measurement

Draft

W = V

x I

INST

VAR = V8 x I

VA = V

Figure 4.5 Accumulator

RMS

x I

INST

RMS

(V8 is 90° from V)

---N

Where N is the number

of samples per second

∆ N→

∑

∆ N→

∑

4-8 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Watthour (Wh) Measurement

Watthours are measured by multiplying the instantaneous value of the voltage on each phase times the instantaneous value of the current on the same phase (Figure

4.5).

The resulting values are added to the Wh accumulator. After the completion of two cycles, the registers are compared to a threshold. This threshold represents 0.025 watthours. The value in the accumulator is then divided by this threshold, and the registers are updated accordingly. This means that under bidirectional measurement, if the consumption changes from delivered to received within one second, the meter will respond correctly to the change and accumulate in both the delivered and received registers. The SENTINEL meter can be programmed to register watthours either in the delivered quadrants only, or under bidirectional measurement, in the delivered and received quadrants. When only delivered watthours are measured, any negative watthour value is ignored. This has the same effect as a detent mechanism on an induction watthour meter.

When delivered and received watthours are measured, there will be one register for each quantity available—Wh delivered and Wh received, as well as one combined register—Wh net.

VARhour (Varh) Measurement

The Varhour Measurement is much like that of the Watthour measurement. The voltage sample buffer is created when the meter powers up. This buffer is up to 12 samples deep. The SENTINEL multiplies the current sample by a previous voltage sample. Since the sampling is not synchronized to the line frequency, as the frequency changes, the number of samples that the SENTINEL must shift is different. The meter also needs to correct for the phase difference between 90 degrees and the actual amount of phase error that is generated by the buffered samples. The SENTINEL metrology places the reactive energy into one of four quadrant registers based on the result of the accumulator after two cycles have been completed. These accumulators can also be configured as required to provide the various varh options such as varh delivered (Q1+Q2), varh received (Q3+Q4), varh net delivered (Q1-Q4), and varh net received (Q2-Q3).

Volt-amperehour (VAh) Measurement

The SENTINEL meter measures either Vectorial or RMS volt-amperes using arithmetic phase summation. The arithmetic method of measurement ensures that the resulting VAh value contains as much of the harmonic information as possible.

Volt-ampere values are calculated by multiplying the RMS voltage value times the coincident RMS current value (see Figure 4.5).

The voltage and current values from each phase are squared and then stored in their respective accumulators. At the end of one second, each accumulator contains the sums of the square of the voltages or currents for each phase. The contents of these accumulators are passed to the consumption routine where they are averaged (divided by the sample count) and the square root is taken, yielding the RMS voltage and RMS current for each phase.

Every second the RMS voltage and the RMS current for each phase are multiplied together to establish a VA-second value for each phase. These values are scaled and corrected.

The total Vahour value is calculated by adding the VA-second quantities for each phase and dividing the total by 3600. This value is added to the appropriate register. If the harmonics on the Voltage waveform differ from the harmonics on

Theory of Operation

Draft

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 4-9

Theory of Operation

the Current waveform, then the harmonic energies will fall out of the Watthour and Varhour calculation, and thus the VA Vectorial measurement, but they will not fall out of the VA Arithmetic measurement.

The VA Vectorial and VA Arithmetic measurements will also differ when there is imbalanced power. Imbalanced power is generated when the phases of the service are not in balance with one another.

Qhour (Qh) Measurement

The SENTINEL meter calculates Qh from watthour and varhour values according to the following general formula:

The Qh measurement parallels the inherent characteristics of the electromechanical Qh meter.

Power Factor (PF) Calculations

The SENTINEL meter calculates four power factor quantities:

• Instantaneous Power Factor—This is the division of the Instantaneous kW

• Previous Interval Power Factor—This is the division of the previous

• Minimum Power Factor—This is the lowest previous demand interval power

• Average Power Factor—When the demand reset is executed, the total kWh

Wh + 3Varh

----------------------------------- -

value by the Instantaneous kVA value. It is calculated upon request.

demand interval kW value by the previous demand interval kVA value. It is calculated at the end of each demand interval.

factor value calculated since last demand reset. This value is reset to 1.00 at a demand reset.

and total kVAh values at that time are stored in nonvolatile memory. When the average power factor value is displayed, these previously stored kWh and kVAh values are subtracted from the kWh and kVAh totals at the last end-ofinterval (EOI). The differential kWh is divided by the differential kVAh, yielding the average power factor since the last demand reset.

Draft

Demand Calculations

To calculate demand, the selected quantities are accumulated over a programmable time period (1 - 60 minutes) depending on the programmed demand interval length. At the end of the interval, the accumulated values are stored in separate demand storage registers and the accumulating registers are cleared. Incremental values for the next demand interval are then accumulated.

The maximum demand in a billing period is determined by comparing the demand values for the most recently completed interval to the respective readings presently stored in the peak demand registers. If the previous demand is greater than the value in the corresponding peak demand register, the lower value (the maximum demand recorded so far) is replaced. If the previous demand is less than the value in the corresponding peak demand register, the maximum demand value remains unchanged. This update process is carried out when a demand interval is completed, when a power outage occurs, or when Test Mode is initiated.

The SENTINEL meter demand calculations are performed using one of three possible methods: block, rolling, or thermal emulation. The demand method is selected when the register is programmed.

4-10 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Theory of Operation

Block Interval Demand Calculation

Block Demand calculations are based on user-defined interval lengths. The demand is the total energy accumulated during the interval divided by the length of the interval. At each end of interval (EOI), demand calculations are made and “EOI” can be displayed on the LCD.

For block interval, demand calculations are made at the end of each completed demand interval. This method is similar to the way mechanical demand meters operate. As load is applied to the demand register, an indicating pointer and maximum demand indicator are driven upscale. At the end of each interval, the indicating demand pointer is returned to the zero position, and the maximum demand pointer retains its highest or maximum position.

Rolling/Sliding Demand Interval Calculation

A selected number of subintervals make up the demand interval. At the end of each subinterval, new demand calculations occur based on the last full demand interval and “EOI” can be displayed on the LCD.

The following quantities can be selected for rolling demand: W d, W r, W net, Var Q1-Q4, VA d (arithmetic or vectorial), and VA lagging.

Block interval demand calculation is subject to peak splitting, whereby it is possible for an electricity consumer to manipulate the load for limited periods within the demand interval. The registered demand reading will be less than the actual maximum demand of the load.

To counter this situation, the concept of rolling demand was introduced. Rolling demand is calculated as follows:

1 For illustration purposes, assume a 15 minute billing demand interval with

three five-minute subintervals has been selected. Then, at any given moment, the meter has three complete sets of five minute information available for demand calculations.

2 At the end of the present five minute subinterval, the information on the oldest

five minute subinterval is discarded, and demand calculations are performed on the three newest sets of subintervals. In this manner, the SENTINEL meter with the rolling demand option updates the demand calculations every five minutes.

3 If the billing demand interval is 30 minutes with five minute subintervals, then

six sets of five-minute information or updates will be used for calculating previous demand.

Draft

Thermal Emulation

The SENTINEL meter will emulate the response of a thermal demand meter for kW and kVA. This type of demand calculation is approximated exponentially. The meter will record 90% of a change in load in 15 minutes, 99% in 30 minutes, and

99.9% in 45 minutes. The four characteristics of a thermal demand meter that the SENTINEL meter will emulate are:

• Arithmetic phase summation

• Continuous rolling average demand

• Response calibrated to RMS values

• No End-of-Interval (EOI)

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 4-11

Theory of Operation

The following quantities can be selected for thermal demand: W d, W r, W net, Var Q1-Q4, VA d (arithmetic or vectorial), and VA lagging.

The demand registers are processed according to the demand type defined in the meter program. Most demand values are reset at a demand reset, but some provide other functionality. The types of demand values available are described in the following sections.

The thermal demand option has only one demand interval available. This interval length (response time) is 15 minutes. When you enter into Test Mode, this interval length is fixed at 1 minute.

Cumulative Demand Values

Cumulative demand is the summation of previous maximum demands after each demand reset. When a demand reset occurs, the maximum demand values are added to the existing corresponding cumulative demand values, and the sums are saved as the new cumulative demands. These values will not increase until the next demand reset. This feature not only protects the user from false or erroneous readings, but also provides the customer with extra security against tampering. Cumulative demand may be used for block, rolling and thermal demand types.

Continuous Cumulative Demand Values

Continuous cumulative demand is the sum of the maximum demand and the cumulative demand at any point in time. At the end of each demand interval, if a new maximum demand is reached, continuous cumulative demand will also be adjusted to reflect this new maximum demand value. A demand reset will clear the maximum demand value but will not affect the continuous cumulative demand. Continuous cumulative demand may be used for block, rolling and thermal demand types.

Present Demand

Present demand is the value that would be used if an EOI were to occur when the data is being viewed. It is calculated by dividing the accumulated energy in the current interval by the time of a full interval. For block demands, present demand starts at zero for each interval and ramps up to the demand value at the EOI. For rolling demands, the energy from the oldest subinterval is discarded and the present demand is calculated using the energy in the remaining subintervals and the energy in the current subinterval. At the beginning of a new subinterval, it drops by the demand of the oldest subinterval and ramps up to the demand value at the next EOI.

Present demand is not affected by a demand reset.

Previous Demand

Previous demand is the demand from the most recently completed demand interval. When a demand interval ends, the present demand is transferred to the previous demand. When using rolling demand, this quantity is updated after each subinterval. For thermal demand types, the previous demand value is equal to the present demand.

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4-12 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Theory of Operation

Projected Demand

Projected demand is an estimate of the demand the meter will have accumulated by the end of the current interval. This value is calculated by dividing the accumulated energy by the amount of time accumulated in the interval. Projected demand is calculated upon request. Projected demand is available for block and rolling demand only.

Peak Demand (Maximum Demand)

Peak demand is the largest demand value that has occurred during any demand interval since the last demand reset. At the end of a demand interval, the present demand is compared with the current maximum demand register. If the present demand is greater, it is transferred to the maximum demand. The maximum demand is reset to zero on a demand reset. The date and time of the maximum demand are also recorded. Maximum demand is used for block, rolling, and thermal demand types.

Multiple Peaks (1-5)

The SENTINEL can measure the top five maximum demands for the quantities selected. The quantities include W d, W r, W net, Var d, Var r, Var Q1-Q4, VA d, VA r, and VA lagging.

Minimum PF

Minimum PF is the lowest PF value that has occurred during any demand interval since the last demand reset. At the end of a demand interval, the “present” PF is compared with the current minimum PF. If the present PF is less, it is transferred to the minimum PF. The minimum PF is reset to one (1) on a demand reset.

Demand Thresholds

Table 4.1 describes parameters that define the configuration of demand thresholds. A threshold is a value against which a meter quantity is compared. If the quantity is beyond the threshold, an alarm is generated.

Parameter Description

Quantity Selects the demand register to which this threshold will apply.

Threshold Value

Draft

Table 4.1 Parameters, Threshold Alarms

Sets the limit for this threshold event to be activated.

• The valid range for Power factor (PF) is 0.0 - 1.0

• The valid range for %THD is 0.00 - 99.99 (in 0.01 increments)

• The valid range for all others is 1.0 - 500.000

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 4-13

Theory of Operation

Notes:

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4-14 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Chapter 5 Communications

This chapter describes the communication architecture of the SENTINEL meter.

The SENTINEL meter has one option board slot. Although there is only one slot, in some cases, the option board slot can contain more than one physical board.

The SENTINEL meter supports several different communication options. These include a modem, R300 Series boards, RS-232/RS-485 boards, a Multifunction Meter Module, and an Inputs/Output board. These options are described in the following sections of this chapter.

Modem Board

An optional 300/1200/2400 baud sensing internal modem provides telephone communication for data retrieval and programming of the SENTINEL meter. The SENTINEL modem will support the CCITT V.22bis 2400 telephone communication standard for initiating and receiving telephone calls.

Call Windows

Call windows are time ranges that determine when the meter will answer the phone or place calls to the master station. Different answer delays are available for inside and outside of call windows. The PC-PRO+ 98 programming software is used to define call windows.

There are two programmable windows per day type, and there are four day types: Weekdays, Saturdays, Sundays, and Holidays.

The windows, which can overlap, have an open and close time with a one minute resolution and a maximum length of 24 hours. If a window is set to 24 hours (Start Time = 00:00 and Stop Time = 23:59), the call window is open all day. If the open and close time is set to zero (0) for both windows, the calling window for that day is always closed. If a call is in progress while a window closes, the call will be completed.

Draft

Answer Delays

There are separate answer delays available for inside and outside the call window. The value for either time delay can be 1 to 255 seconds. One ring is approximately 4 to 6 seconds.

An unprogrammed meter is shipped from the factory with a preset answer delay of 35 seconds (6-9 rings). Once the meter is programmed, the preset answer delay will be reset to the programmed value.

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 5-1

Communications

Dialing Features

Phone Home on Event

The SENTINEL meter supports the following dialing features:

• Phone Numbers—The SENTINEL meter can dial up to four phone numbers, each of which can contain up to 50 digits including dial modifiers.

• Blind Dialing—If blind dialing is enabled in the software, the SENTINEL meter will dial the specified number even if there is no dial tone.

• Wa it Time—If blind dialing is not enabled in the software, the modem can be programmed to wait until a dial tone is present before dialing.

The meter can be programmed to call a host (master station) when an event occurs. If the master station is set up to receive calls and interrogate meters, incoming calls will be logged to alert the operator that a certain condition exists. The host must interrogate the meter for the reason it is calling and clear the event. The meter will not automatically volunteer this information. If the meter is programmed to call outside of its windows, it will wait a random time (from 6 to 255 seconds) and then place a call to the master station after an event has taken place. When the meter has a call window, the meter will wait until the window is open to make the second attempt. The meter will only attempt to make a call outside a call window if this option is enabled in the programming software. If the phone home attempts are not successful, the meter will use the retry strategy specified in Call On Schedule on page 5-2. The meter can be configured to phone home on the events listed in Table 5.1.

Call On Schedule

Meters that are set up as subordinates in a pho ne-line sharing configuration cannot initiate phone calls.

Alternate Mode Entry Demand Threshold 1 - 4 Exceeded Demand Threshold 1- 4 Restored Demand Reset SiteScan Diagnostic Error 1 - 5 Low Battery Error (Non-Fatal Error #1) Meter Reconfigured Loss of Phase Error (Non-Fatal Error #2) Power Restored TOU Schedule Error (Non-Fatal Error #3) Season Change Reverse Power Flow Error (Non-Fatal Error #4) Security Failed Clock, TOU Error (Non-Fatal Error #5) Full Scale Overflow (Non-Fatal Error #6)

Placing the meter in Alternate Mode via the magnetic switch may be selected to initiate a phone home without the need for laptop/PC communic atio ns.

The SENTINEL can be configured for the modem to have an initial call home strategy. The user has two choices:

• Call N minutes after initialization.

• Call on a specific day and hour.

Table 5.1 SENTINEL Phone Home Events

Draft

Fatal Error 1 - 5

5-2 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Phone Line Sharing

Communications

PC-PRO+ 98 5.1 and higher supports communication with SENTINEL meters that are networked in a phone line sharing configuration. The Phone Line Sharing feature can connect up to five auto-answer meters, one master and four subordinate meters, to a single analog telephone line for remote interrogation. To facilitate phone-line sharing, each SENTINEL modem can be configured as a master meter or as a subordinate meter. Upon receiving a phone call, only a master will respond with the required handshake signal. All other SENTINEL meters will be in “listen only” mode until the proper command addresses a corresponding subordinate meter and the master meter releases the line. At this point, the next SENTINEL meter will come on line.

A subordinate unit cannot be configured to call on schedule or phone home on event. If you program the master and subordinate units via the modem, SchlumbergerSema requires that the subordinates be programmed first.

When call windows are used, all windows must be identical for master and subordinate meters. When using the master station to call meters in a phone-line sharing situation, the master station should wait several minutes after the call window opens so that all meters have time to set up. Blind dialing is not recommended when using phone line sharing. The phone line sharing option can be disabled. If you program the master and subordinate units via the modem, SchlumbergerSema requires that the subordinates be programmed first. If the master is configured first and the carrier is lost while configuring the subordinates, the subordinates will require a direct connect communication resulting in a visit to each meter site.

For more information, refer to your PC-PRO+ 98 online help files and other documentation.

Recommended Modems

SchlumbergerSema has tested several manufacturer’s modems and recommends using any of the following:

1 US Robotics Sportster 56K

2 Hayes Accura 56K

3 Hayes Accura 14.4

4 Practical Peripherals PM144MT

5 Intel 144/144e

6 Hayes 1200 Smartmodem

7 Lucent Technologies Softmodem AMR

8IBM Data/Fax

9 Xircom PCMCIA Cardbus Ethernet 10/100+ Modem 56K

10 Zoom USB 56K External

The key features of the modem board are:

• Phone line sharing

• Call windows

• Answer delays

• Phone home on event

Draft

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 5-3

Communications

R300 Series Board

• Off-hook detection

• Five input/output board options:

- One Form C KYZ output and one Form A low-current, solid-state contact

output

- Two Form C KYZ outputs and one Form A low-current, solid-state contact

output

- Four Form C KYZ outputs and one Form A low-current, solid-state contact

output

- Two Form C KYZ outputs, one Form A low-current, solid-state contact

output, and two Form A KY pulse inputs

- Four Form C KYZ outputs, one Form A low-current, solid-state contact

output, and two Form A KY pulse inputs

The modem communication board is available for both socket-base and A-base configurations.

The optional R300 Series communication boards continuously transmits data using a radio frequency (RF) signal which can be read by handheld or vehicle receivers. Table 5.2 describes these boards.

Table 5.2 R300 Series Communication Boards

Board Description

R300S One energy quantity. R300D Two energy or demand quantities. R300SD3 Three energy or demand quantities.

Using the PC-PRO+ 98 programming software, you can:

• Configure the quantity(s) to be transmitted.

• Enable TOU and select the TOU rate to be transmitted.

• Select the type of registers to be transmitted.

• Select the number of digits for the data to be transmitted as well as the number of decimal place digits for the data.

• Select whether transmission shall be stopped based on SiteScan diagnostic or non-fatal/displayable error occurrences.

TOU Schedules do not have to be configured for R300 Series use.

Draft

5-4 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

RS-232/RS-485 Boards

Communications

The optional SENTINEL RS-232/RS-485 board provides additional methods for data retrieval and programming. The RS-232 standard and/or the RS-485 standard allows point-to-point and multi-drop communication. The board also provides the ability to use other communication equipment for data retrieval and programming.

The RS-232/RS-485 board adds up to two serial communication ports to the SENTINEL meter. Each of these ports can be configured through PC-PRO+ 98 for either RS-232 or RS-485 communication. A user can program the option board as two RS-232 ports, two RS-485 ports, or one of each. The ability to program either serial port as either RS-232 or RS-485 allows the customer to buy only one board, thereby maximizing the customer’s flexibility while having a positive impact on inventory.

Each port can also be programmed for different protocols. The PSEM and QDIP protocols are supported by the RS-232 /RS-485 communication board.

This board provides simultaneous bi-directional communication. The meter can communicate through the optical port, both serial ports, and all inputs/outputs at the same time.

Depending on the input/output option the user selects, a variety of external connectors can be ordered with the RS-232/RS-485 board. These connectors include DB-9, DB-25, and Viking connectors.

The key features of the RS-232/RS-485 board are:

• One or two serial communication ports added to the SENTINEL meter using

PSEM C12.18 protocol

• Ports are configured for RS-232 or RS-485 through PC-PRO+ 98 software

• Allows other communication equipment to be connected to the SENTINEL

meter

• Each port is addressable

• Five input/output board options:

- One Form C KYZ output and one Form A low-current, solid-state contact

- Two Form C KYZ outputs and one Form A low-current, solid-state contact

- Four Form C KYZ outputs and one Form A low-current, solid-state contact

- Two Form C KYZ outputs, one Form A low-current, solid-state contact

- Four Form C KYZ outputs, one Form A low-current, solid-state contact

The RS-232/RS-485 communication board is available for both socket-base and A-base configurations.

Draft

output

output, and two Form A KY pulse inputs

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 5-5

Communications

Multifunction Meter Module

The SENTINEL Multifunction Meter Module (MFMM) is a RF module that allows the SENTINEL meter to interface with the Fixed RF Network. The MFMM is installed into the option board slot in the meter and is connected to the meter via the option board interface. The MFMM uses a Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) transmitter that operates in the unlicensed Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) 900 MHz RF band. The MFMM acts as a transmitter only and does not receive any communications from the RF network. The MFMM provides increased third channel message capability to provide increased network access to the SENTINEL advanced metering data.

In addition to the standard SENTINEL information, a meter with a MFMM will show the LAN ID(s) on the nameplate.

The MFMM communicates with the SENTINEL meter via the option board interface as the master control device. When an End-Of-Interval (EOI) condition is detected, the MFMM interfaces with the meter and retrieves advanced metering data from the meter registers. The MFMM then formats the data and schedules the data for transmission to the network. The meter status, meter diagnostic, MFMM status, Direct Register Read (DRR) and analog Revenue Integrity Service (RIS) data is also transmitted.

The MFMM can be programmed with three separate LAN IDs, thereby making the network host believe it is receiving data from three separate transmitters. This allows the MFMM to transmit the SENTINEL’s advanced metering data to the network.

The SENTINEL MFMM hardware consists of the digital circuit, the power supply circuit, and the RF circuit. The system also contains a tuned dipole antenna on the printed circuit board that acts as the faceplate of the meter when the MFMM is installed.

Optional Inputs/Outputs

The SENTINEL meter allows for optional inputs and outputs on an option board mounted between the upper and lower housing. Five versions of input/output boards are available. However, these are not available for meters with an R300 Series communications board or modem.

Option 1: One Form C KYZ output and one Form A KY low-current, solid-state contact

Option 2: Two Form C KYZ outputs and one Form A KY low-current, solid-state contact

Option 3: Two Form C KYZ outputs, one Form A KY low-current, solid-state contact output,

Option 4: Four Form C KYZ outputs and one Form A KY low-current, solid-state contact

Option 5: Four Form C KYZ outputs and one Form A KY low-current, solid-state contact

5-6 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Draft

output. (1 KYZ, 1KY)

output. (2 KYZ, 1 KY)

and two Form A KY pulse inputs. (2 KYZ, 1 KY, 2 KY inputs)

output. (4 KYZ, 1 KY)

output, and two Form A KY pulse inputs.(4 KYZ, 1 KY, 2 KY inputs)

Supplemental Inputs and Outputs

The SENTINEL meter can include supplemental inputs and outputs in conjunction with the other communication options (modem, R300 Series). There are two supplemental I/O options available.

Supplemental Option 1 Two Form C KYZ outputs and one Form A low-

Supplemental Option 2 Two Form C KYZ outputs, one Form A low-current,

Each output can be programmed as one of the output types listed in Table 5.3.

Energy Quantities KYZ pulse output constants apply to secondary readings only.

Communications

current, solid-state contact output.

solid-state contact output, and two Form A KY pulse inputs.

Table 5.3 KYZ/KY Output Programming

Output Type Description

Note: A watthour pulse constant of 1.8 corresponds to 1.8 watthours per

pulse. Assign the secondary unit hour per pulse constants to each KYZ output.

To achieve the allowable maximum resolution, the following formulas apply:

Pulse Weight (Ke) = Energy /Pulse

VINo. of Phases()×

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

3600 sec/hr()15 pulses/sec()⁄

where: V and I are the nominal voltage and current for the service

Draft

Demand Reset The contact closes when a demand reset is performed. The contact is

End-of-Interval (EOI) The contact closes at the end of each interval/subinterval.The contact is

Rate Change The contact closes when the meter detects a TOU rate change. The

Season Change The contact closes when the meter detects a TOU season change. The

Demand Threshold Exceed 1- 4 The contact closes when the programmed demand threshold value is

Maximum pulse rate for 60 Hz is 15 pulses/second Maximum pulse rate for 50 Hz is 12 pulses/second Energy Pulse Widths can be programmed for 0, 10, or 20 milliseconds.

closed from 10 milliseconds up to 5 seconds, in increments of 10 milliseconds. This time is programmed as Pulse Width.

contact is closed from 10 milliseconds up to 5 seconds, in increments of 10 milliseconds. This time is programmed as Pulse Width.

reached. The contact remains closed until the demand value drops below the programmed value and the end of the demand interval / subinterval is reached. Four Threshold values can be programmed.The contact is closed from 10 milliseconds up to 5 seconds, in increments of 10 milliseconds. This time is programmed as Pulse Width.

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 5-7

Communications

Table 5.3 KYZ/KY Output Programming

Output Type Description

Diagnostic 1 On The contact is closed when the meter detects a SiteScan Diagnostic 1

which is Polarity, Cross-Phase and Energy Flow.The contact is closed from 10 milliseconds up to 5 seconds, in increments of 10 milliseconds. This time is programmed as Pulse Width.

Diagnostic 2 On The contact is closed when the meter detects a SiteScan Diagnostic 2

which is Phase Deviation.The contact is closed from 10 milliseconds up to 5 seconds, in increments of 10 milliseconds. This time is programmed as Pulse Width.

Diagnostic 3 On The contact is closed when the meter detects a SiteScan Diagnostic 3

which is Inactive Phase Current.The contact is closed from 10 milliseconds up to 5 seconds, in increments of 10 milliseconds. This time is programmed as Pulse Width.

Diagnostic 4 On The contact is closed when the meter detects a SiteScan Diagnostic 4

which is Phase Angle Displacement.The contact is closed from 10 milliseconds up to 5 seconds, in increments of 10 milliseconds. This time is programmed as Pulse Width.

Diagnostic 5 On The contact is closed when the meter detects a SiteScan Diagnostic 5

which is Current Waveform Distortion Detection.The contact is closed from 10 milliseconds up to 5 seconds, in increments of 10 milliseconds. This time is programmed as Pulse Width.

Customer Alert 1 - 7 The contact is closed when the corresponding TOU rate created in

Calendar Editor is active. The contact remains closed until the TOU rate is no longer active.

Independent Output 1 - 4 The contact closes when the corresponding independent Output created

in Calendar Editor is active. The contact remains closed until the Output is no longer active.

The KY inputs can be programmed as any of the following:

Input Type Description

None The KY input is not used. Count Accumulator The input pulses to the meter are converted to energy or

Log Pulse Input The input pulses are logged as an event. They are triggered by either

Refer to Input/Output Module Color Coding on page 1-7 for Input/Output wiring color diagrams.

Draft

accumulating quantities based the Ke provided. Demand may be calculated based on this quantity.

“On to Off” or “Off to On”.

5-8 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Output Configuration

Input Configuration

Communications

Using the PC-PRO+ 98 programming software, you can:

• Select the quantity and the event that will trigger the output.

• Select the Ke value, or energy per pulse, for each digital pulse quantity.

• Select the width (duration) in milliseconds of the pulse.

• Disable outputs whenever the meter is placed in Test Mode.

To toggle pulses, set the pulse width to zero (0).

Using the PC-PRO+ 98 programming software, you can:

• Select the action to occur when each input is triggered.

• Select the pulse action that will trigger the input.

• Define the pulse weight for each input quantity (if the desired action is to

accumulate a count).

• Enter a quantity description.

Output Cables

A standard output cable, which extends through the base of the meter as a set of bare leads is provided whenever an I/O option board is supplied. Other connectors such as Viking, DB-9, and DB-25 connectors are also available.

Draft

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 5-9

Communications

Notes:

Draft

5-10 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Chapter 6 SiteScan™ On-Site Monitoring System

The SiteScan on-site monitoring system consists of the following features:

• Meter self-diagnostic checks

• Toolbox Mode with its on-site and/or on-line display

• SiteScan system and installation diagnostic checks

• Diagnostic output alarms

Using the SchlumbergerSema PC-PRO+ 98 Programming software package you can customize the SiteScan System for each individual metering site. The use of the SiteScan on-site monitoring system will greatly enhance the ability to diagnose and resolve site-specific metering or tampering problems.

SiteScan Meter Self-Diagnostic Checks

The SENTINEL meter performs self-diagnostic checks to confirm proper meter operation. The following is a list of possible errors and associated error codes:

Error Error Type Error Code

Flash Error Fatal Error RAM Error Fatal Error Data Flash Error Fatal Error CPC/Metrology Error Fatal Error Power Down Error Fatal Error

Low Battery Error Non-Fatal Error Loss of Phase Voltage Error Non-Fatal Error TOU Schedule Error Non-Fatal Error Reverse Power Flow Error Non-Fatal Error Load Profile Error Non-Fatal Error Fullscale Exceeded Non-Fatal Error Diagnostics 1 Diagnostic diA 1 Diagnostics 2 Diagnostic diA 2 Diagnostics 3 Diagnostic diA 3 Diagnostics 4 Diagnostic diA 4 Diagnostics 5 Diagnostic diA 5

Draft

FAt

Error1

FAt

Error2

FAt

Error3

FAt

Error4

FAt

Error5

ERR

1-----

ERR

-2----

ERR

--3---

ERR

---4--

ERR

----5-

ERR

-----6

A fatal error indicates an internal meter problem, which ceases all meter functions except communications. These errors cause the display to lock on the error code until the meter is re-initialized. The non-fatal errors can indicate either a meter

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 6-1

SiteScan™ On-Site Monitoring System

problem such as low battery error or a site problem such as the loss of phase voltage error. The non-fatal self-diagnostic checks can be independently enabled or disabled through the PC-PRO+ 98 software.

For a more detailed discussion of each fatal and non-fatal error, refer to Chapter 7.

SiteScan Toolbox Mode

SiteScan Toolbox Mode displays all the metering information used by the meter for individual phase measurements and system and installation diagnostic checks. This information helps the user verify that the meter is installed and operating correctly. The per-phase RMS voltage and current readings along with both voltage and current angle readings let the user check the meter’s site phase sequencing performance. The diagnostic counters alert the user to the frequency of a metering installation or tampering problem. The combination of a diagnostic error and the information in the Toolbox Mode display will greatly enhance the ability to diagnose and resolve metering or tampering issues.

In Chapter 3, access to the Toolbox Mode display list through the use of a magnet and magnetic switch was discussed. The PC-PRO+ 98 software lets the user retrieve the same Toolbox information on an instantaneous basis with a graphical vector diagram.

To best understand the values on the Toolbox display, one should graphically plot this information. Before starting to manually plot the Toolbox data, two basic definitions must be understood about the SiteScan system.

Definition 1: The per-phase information displayed in the Toolbox Mode is

referenced to the internal voltage and current sensors of the meter. The meter will designate each phase by the elements. Table 6.1 defines each element.

Table 6.1 Phase Notation in Display

Draft

Element Used in Meter Defined Phase

Left-hand Element Phase A PhA Center Element Phase B PhB Right-hand Element Phase C PhC

Figure 6.1 shows how the wiring of each element determines the phase notation used by the meter.

Phase Notation in Toolbox

Display

6-2 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

SiteScan™ On-Site Monitoring System

Figure 6.1 Toolbox Phase Notation for Form 9S and 16S SENTINEL Meters

Definition 2: The SiteScan system uses the A phase voltage as a reference

point. Therefore, the Toolbox Mode display of the A phase voltage angle will always be 0.0°V.

The SENTINEL meter i s sti ll det erm ini ng thi s a ngl e and w il l s til l d ete ct a p r obl em if the A phase voltage angle is incorrect.

After the meter sets the A phase voltage direction to 0.0 degrees, the meter calculates all the other voltage and current angles relative to the A phase voltage. This allows the user to easily plot the vector information, not only to determine problems, but also to determine the phase sequencing of the site.

Figure 6.2 provides an example of the plot for Toolbox Mode information. No matter how the phasor information is plotted, whether the user plots the same as shown in Figure 6.2 or in the opposite direction with 90° at the 12 o’clock position, the Toolbox Mode will still provide an accurate representation of the site.

Draft

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 6-3

SiteScan™ On-Site Monitoring System

Figure 6.2 Plot of Toolbox Display Mode

In this example, the plot is going in the clockwise direction. Therefore, the phasors will be rotating in the counterclockwise direction. By using this information, the phase sequencing of the meter site can be determined. In the case shown, the A phase voltage is seen first. The next voltage phasor is B phase and last is C phase voltage, indicating ABC rotation. For CBA rotation, A phase voltage at zero will be seen first, but the user would see C phase voltage next followed by B phase.

The following is an example of the data available in the Toolbox Mode. This example is for a Form 9S meter wired for a 4-Wire Wye system:

Draft

Phase A Display (Left

Element)

Voltage Phase Angles PhA 0.0° V PhB 120.5° V PhC 240.3° V Phase Voltage PhA 120.2 V PhB 115.5 V PhC 119.3 V Current Phase Angles PhA 9.0° A PhB 117.8° A PhC 246.0° A Phase Current PhA 6.8 A PhB 10.2 A PhC 9.8 A

d1 000 d2 000 d3 000 d4 000

Diagnostic Counters

The diagnostic counters are incremented each time a diagnostic error occurs.

If the magnitude of a phase voltage or current is zero or too low to measure accurately, a dashed line (---) will appear in the value location. The corresponding angle will also indicate dashed lines. Accurate measurement is considered to be

0.5% of class rating for the current:

• CL 20 = 10 mA

• CL 200 = 1 Amp

• CL 320 = 1.6 Amps

d5A 000 d5B 000 d5C 000 d5T 000

Phase B Display (Center

Element)

Phase C Display

(Right Element)

6-4 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

SiteScan™ On-Site Monitoring System

By following the definitions of the SiteScan system and the information on the Toolbox display, the above example can be graphically plotted into the phasor diagram shown in Figure 6.2.

By simply viewing the phasor diagram, several facts about the site become clear:

• There are no wiring problems currently at the site.

• Both A and C phase currents lag while B phase current leads its voltage.

• The site is wired with ABC phase rotation.

By graphically plotting the Toolbox Mode display information, many metering site problems are easily diagnosed. Problems such as cross-phasing of voltage or current circuits, incorrect polarity of voltage or current circuits, and reverse energy flow of one or more phases can be found quickly. The load emulator scrolling in the direction of energy flow for each phase will also aid in checking for reverse energy flow. Other problems, such as loss of phase voltage, incorrect voltage transformer ratio, current diversion, or a shorted current transformer circuit, can be determined through the Toolbox Mode.

While some of these problems may occur at the time of meter installation, others may happen at any time after the meter is installed. Since it is impossible to continuously watch the Toolbox Mode information, the SiteScan on-site monitoring system has been designed to continuously monitor the site. The occurrence of any diagnostic condition can be logged, as well as display error codes on the LCD.

SiteScan System and Installation Diagnostic Checks

The SiteScan on-site monitoring system has the ability to continuously monitor the site for metering installation or tampering problems through the system and installation diagnostic checks. The following software programmable diagnostic checks are available:

SiteScan Diagnostic #1 Polarity, Cross-Phase & Energy Flow Check

SiteScan Diagnostic #2 Phase Voltage Deviation Check

SiteScan Diagnostic #3 Inactive Phase Current Check

SiteScan Diagnostic #4 Phase Angle Displacement Check

SiteScan Diagnostic #5 Current Waveform Distortion Check

It is very important to note that the meter will continue to operate normally while any of the diagnostic errors are being displayed. The system and installation diagnostic checks will only report that there may be a problem with the meter or site. They have no effect on metering or on any operations performed by the SENTINEL meter.

If enabled, all the diagnostic checks will continually check for errors every five seconds. The SENTINEL meter will not check for diagnostic errors under any of the following conditions:

• When singlephase series conditions occur (Test Bench)

• When the meter is in Test Mode

• When the diagnostic(s) have been disabled by the programming software

Draft

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 6-5

SiteScan™ On-Site Monitoring System

The system reports diagnostic errors in several ways. If a diagnostic check is enabled and an error occurs, the system will always increment the corresponding diagnostic counter by one. The range for all diagnostic counters is from 0 to 255. When the counter reaches 255, it remains there until it is reset by the user. The diagnostic checks will continue to function and report any errors even after the diagnostic counter has reached 255. The PC-PRO+ 98 programming software can be used to reset the counters. Refer to the PC-PRO+ 98 documentation for instructions on how to reset the counters.

The system can also be programmed to report diagnostic errors directly to the meter display. If a diagnostic check has failed, the meter will display a diagnostic message similar to the one shown in Figure 6.3.

Figure 6.3 Example of Diagnostic #1 Error Display

If more than one diagnostic error condition exists, the diagnostic with the lowest number will take precedence for display. Diagnostic errors will not be shown if any fatal or non-fatal errors are displayed.

Each of the diagnostic checks can be independently programmed with one of the following display options:

Lock

Scroll

Ignore

Disable

The meter will check for all enabled diagnostic errors every five seconds. If three consecutive checks fail, the meter will flag the error. Therefore the meter takes approximately 15 seconds before an error is flagged. A diagnostic error may take

Draft

The diagnostic error is locked on the display. Activating the magnetic switch for more than 4 seconds to select Normal,

Alternate, or Toolbox display mode will cause the meter to scroll through that list and then lock again on the error.

The diagnostic error will be displayed during the “Off Time” between display items. When an error occurs, the meter will display the error during the next “Off Time” of the current display mode (Normal, Alternate, or Toolbox) the meter is in.

The diagnostic error will not be displayed on the meter. However, the diagnostic error will still increment the diagnostic counter. This option can be used to determine the frequency of an error without reporting it on the display of the SENTINEL meter.

The diagnostic error will not be displayed on the meter display or increment the diagnostic counter.

6-6 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

SiteScan™ On-Site Monitoring System

longer to display on the meter depending on the display option chosen. Once the condition causing the error is corrected, the meter must pass two consecutive checks before the diagnostic error is cleared from the display.

The form of the meter determines which of the service types is available for the meter. Diagrams showing possible meter forms, their associated service types, and unity PF SiteScan phasor diagrams are given in Figure 6.4 through Figure 6.22. For a complete selection of meter forms, refer to the Site Analysis Guide for VECTRON® and SENTINEL™ Meters.

SINGLEPHASE, 3-WIRE

(-EAN)

FM 2S

Draft

V (ENC)

(ENC)

DIAGRAM: 1 FORM: 2S

SERVICE: SINGLEPHASE, 3-WIRE

SERVICE

PHASORS

A = -IAN

C =INC

METER PHASORS

180

180180

VC(ENC)

C(ENC

)

270

270270

VA(-EAN)

9090

LOAD

(Resistive load connected Phase-to-Neutral)

Figure 6.4 Form 2S Singlephase, 3-Wire Self-Contained SENTINEL Meter

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 6-7

SiteScan™ On-Site Monitoring System

Line

Load

A B

C N

240

270

Draft

120

0180

(ABC Rotation)

Figure 6.5 Form 8S/9S SENTINEL Meter in a 4-Wire Wye Service – Phasor Diagram

6-8 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

SiteScan™ On-Site Monitoring System

Line

Load

B C N

270

210

Draft

330

0180

(CBA Rotation)

Expected vector diagram at unity power factor with load connected line-to-neutral

Figure 6.6 Form 8S/9S SENTINEL Meter in a 4-Wire Delta Service – Phasor Diagram

SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide 6-9

SiteScan™ On-Site Monitoring System

NETWORK, 3-WIRE

A-B-C

A-B-CA-B-C

SERVICE

PHASORS

A-B-C

A-B-CA-B-C

A =INA

FM 12S

FM 12SFM 12S

C =INC

METER PHASORS

VC(ENC)VC(ENC)VC(ENC)

270

270270

A-B-C

A-B-CA-B-C

Draft

(ENA)

LOAD

V (ENC)

(ENC)

180

180180

9090

(Resistive load connected Phase-to-Neutral)

Figure 6.7 Form 12S 3-Phase, 3-Wire Network Self-Contained SENTINEL Meter

VA(ENA)

6-10 SENTINEL Meter Technical Reference Guide

Schlumberger Sema SMFMM 1 Users manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Table of Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Chapter 1 General Information

How to Use This Manual

General Description

Measurement Levels

Packaging

Meter Components

Upper Housing

Base Assembly

Meter Availability

Covers

Input/Output Module (Optional)

R300 Communication Module (Optional)

Modem Communication Module (Optional)

Specifications

Electrical

Programmable Outputs

Power Supply

Programmable Inputs

Operating Environment

Rated Accuracy (Typical, at ambient temperature)

Time

Burden Data

Potential (120V - 480V) Single Phase Power Supply

Potential (57.7V - 277V) Three Phase Power Supply

Isolation

Current

Starting Load, Creep

Standards

Dimensions

Shipping Weights

Chapter 2 Installation

Storage

Unpacking

Preliminary Inspection

Meters Without Batteries

Meters With Batteries (TOU and Load Profile Meters)

Installation

Site Selection

Socket-Mount Meters

Cover

Battery (TOU and Load Profile Versions)

Programming

Chapter 3 Operating Instructions

Controls and Indicators

Demand Reset Button

Infrared Test LED

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

Magnetic Switch

Optical Port

Test Mode Button

Application of Power and Power-up

Power Down Procedures

Demand Meter

TOU/Load Profile Meters

Cold Load Pickup

Interval Make-up

Operating Modes

Normal Mode

Test Mode

Mode Timeout

Display Modes

Energy Data

Demand Data

Instantaneous Data

Information Data

Changing Display Modes

Mode Timeout

Normal Display Mode

Alternate Display Mode

Toolbox Display Mode

Test Display Mode

Test Alternate Display Mode

Diagnostic Displays