Sauer Danfoss H1 Technical Information

H1
Axial Piston Pump Size 045/053, Single
Technical Information
Revisions
Revision History
Table of revisions
Date Page Changed Rev
30 Jul, 2009 First edition AA Feb 2010 various 14 teeth added BA Jun, 2010 4-6, 10, 12,
14, 16-17 Feb 2011 Various Updated drawings DA Nov 2012 Various AC added EA
New EC directive CA
Further available literature
Description SD order number
Overview, H1 Axial Piston Pumps, Single and Tandem L1012919 Basic Information, H1 Axial Piston Pumps, Single and Tandem 11062168
Technical Information
H1 Axial Piston Pump, Size 045/053, Single 11063344 H1 Axial Piston Pump, Size 045/053, Tandem 11063345 H1 Axial Piston Pump, Size 060/068, Single 11071685 H1 Axial Piston Pump, Size 069/078, Single 11062169 H1 Axial Piston Pump, Size 089/100, Single 11069970 H1 Axial Piston Pump, Size 115/130, Single 11063346 H1 Axial Piston Pump, Size 147/165, Single 11063347 H1 Automotive Control for Single Axial Piston Pumps 045 - 165 cc L1223856
Complementary Products
External Remote Charge Pressure Filter 11064579
Speed and Temperature Sensor 11046759 Pressure Sensor L1007019
Hydraulic Fluids, Technical Information
Hydraulic Fluids and Lubricants 520L0463 Experience with Biodegradable Hydraulic Fluids 520L0465 Design Guideline for Hydraulic Fluid Cleanliness 520L0467
Application Information
Applications Manual, Section 1, Selection of Driveline Components BLN-9885 Applications Manual, Section 2, Pressure and Speed Limits for Hydraulic Units BLN-9884 Applications Manual, Section 4, Transmission Circuit Recommendations BLN-9886
PLUS+1 COMPLIANT (Electrical Installation)
H1 Electrical Displacement Control (EDC) 11022744 H1 3-position (FNR) Electric Control 11025001 H1 Non-Feedback Proportional Electric (NFPE) Control 11025002
Service Manuals
H1 Axial Piston Pump, Size 045/053, Single 520L0958 H1 Axial Piston Pump, Size 045/053, Tandem 520L0928 H1 Axial Piston Pump, Size 069/078/089/100/115/130/147/165, Single 520L0848
T000 143E
© 2012 Sauer-Danfoss. All rights reserved. Sauer-Danfoss accepts no responsibility for possible errors in catalogs, brochures and other printed material. Sauer -Danfoss reserves the right to alter its products without prior notice. This also applies to products already ordered provided that such alterations can be made without a ecting agreed speci cations. All trademarks in this material are properties of their respective owners. Sauer-Danfoss, the Sauer-Danfoss logotype, the Sauer-Danfoss S-icon, PLUS+1™, What really matters is inside® and Know-How in Motion™ are trademarks of the Sauer-Danfoss Group. Front cover illustrations: F301 557, P003 515
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11063344 • Rev EA • Dec 2012
Technical Information
Content
Technical Specications
General Technical Specications
Dimensions
Charge Pump
Technical Specications ............................................................................................................................... 4
Shaft Loads .......................................................................................................................................................6
Mounting Flange Loads ...............................................................................................................................7
Model Code ......................................................................................................................................................8
Electrical Displacement Control (EDC) Options A2 (12 V)/A3 (24 V) ..........................................12
Forward-Neutral-Reverse (FNR) Electric Control Options A9 (12 V)/B1 (24 V) .......................14
Non Feedback Proportional Electric Control (NFPE) Options A8 (12 V) / B8 (24 V) ..............16
Automotive Control (AC) ...........................................................................................................................18
Manual Over Ride (MOR) ...........................................................................................................................20
Displacement Limiter ..................................................................................................................................21
Input Shafts ....................................................................................................................................................22
Option G4, ISO 3019-1, ange outer dia 22 mm-4 (SAE B, 13 teeth) ....................................22
Option G5, ISO 3019-1, ange outer dia 25 mm-4 (SAE B-B, 15 teeth) ................................22
Option G1, ISO 3019-1, outer dia 32 mm-4 (SAE B, 14 teeth) ..................................................23
Option F2, ISO 3019-1, Code 25-3, Diameter 25.4 taper 1:8,
without key and no through-hole in the end of the shaft .......................................................24
Auxiliary Mounting Pads ............................................................................................................................25
Option H2, ISO 3019-1, ange 82-2 (SAE A, 9 teeth) ..................................................................25
Option H1, ISO 3019-1, ange 82-2 (SAE A, 11 teeth) ...............................................................26
Option H3, ISO 3019-1, ange 101-2 (SAE B, 13 teeth) ..............................................................27
Option H5, ISO 3019-1, ange 101-2 (SAE B-B, 15 teeth) .........................................................28
Charge Pump .................................................................................................................................................29
Installation Drawings
Port Description ............................................................................................................................................30
Dimensions .....................................................................................................................................................32
Twin port, ORB, remote lter .........................................................................................................32
Controls ......................................................................................................................................................35
Electric Displacement Control (EDC), option A2 (12 V) / A3 (24 V).................................35
Electric Displacement Control (EDC) with manual override, option A4 (12 V) / A5 (24 V) .......35
Forward-Neutral-Reverse (FNR) with manual override, option A9 (12 V) B1 (24 V) ................... 36
Non Feedback Proportional Electric Control (NFPE) with manual override,
option A8 (12 V) B8 (24V) ................................................................................................................................. 36
Automotive control (AC) with manual override, option A7 (12 V)/C2 (24 V) ...............37
Displacement limiters ...........................................................................................................................38
Displacement limiter, option B and D .......................................................................................38
Twin port, code 62 metric 4 bold FLG, option D6, D8, F2, and F3 ..................................39
Suction ltration, option L ............................................................................................................40
Remote full ow charge pressure ltration, option P for end cap option F ................41
External full ow charge pressure ltration, option E .........................................................42
Speed and Temperature Sensor, option H for mounting ange option K ...................43
11063344 • Rev EA • Dec 2012
3
Technical Information
Technical Specications
Technical Specications
For denitions of the following specications, see Basic Information 11062168, Operating
parameters.
General speci cations
Design Axial piston pump of cradle swashplate design with variable displacement Direction of rotation Clockwise, counterclockwise
Pipe connections
Recommended installation position
Auxiliary cavity pressure
Main pressure ports: ISO split  ange boss Remaining ports: SAE straight thread O-ring boss Pump installation position is discretionary, however the recommended control
position is on the top or at the side, with the top position preferred. If the pump is installed with the control at the bottom,  ushing  ow must be provided through port M14 located on the EDC, FNR and NFPE control. Vertical input shaft installation is acceptable. If input shaft is at the top 1 bar case pressure must be maintained during operation. The housing must always be  lled with hydraulic  uid. Recommended mounting for a multiple pump stack is to arrange the highest power  ow towards the input source. Consult Sauer-Danfoss for nonconformance to these guidelines.
Will be inlet pressure with internal charge pump. For reference see operating parameter on next page. Will be case pressure with external charge supply. Please verify mating pump shaft seal capability.
T000 126E
Technical data
Feature Unit Size 045 Size 053
Displacement cm Flow at rated (continuous) speed l/min [US gal/min] 153 [40] 183 [48]
Torque at maximum displacement
(theoretical)
Mass moment of inertia of rotating components
Mass [weight] dry (without charge pump or auxiliary mounting  ange)
Oil volume liter [US gal] 1.3 [0.34]
Mounting  ange
Input shaft outer diameter, splines and tapered shafts
Auxiliary mounting  ange with metric
fasteners, shaft outer diameter and splines
Suction ports ISO 11926-1 – 1
Main port con guration
Case drain ports L1, L2 ISO 11926-1 – 1 Other ports SAE O-ring boss. See installation drawings at the back of this manual. Customer interface threads Metric fasteners
3
[in3] 45.0 [2.75] 53.8 [3.28]
N•m/bar
kg•m
[lbf•in/
1000psi]
2
[slug•ft2] 0.00465 [0.00343] 0.00458 [0.00338]
kg [lb] 41.0 [90.0]
ISO 3019-1  ange 101-2 (SAE B) Special bolt diameter. See installation drawings.
ISO 3019-1, outer dia 22 mm - 4 (SAE B, 13 teeth) ISO 3019-1, outer dia 25 mm - 4 (SAE B-B, 15 teeth) ISO 3019-1, outer dia 32 mm - 4 (SAE-B, 14 teeth) Conical keyed shaft end similar to ISO 3019-1 code 25-3, taper 1:8
ISO 3019-1,  ange 82 - 2, outer dia 16 mm - 4 (SAE A, 9 teeth) ISO 3019-1,  ange 82 - 2, outer dia 19 mm - 4 (SAE A, 11 teeth) ISO 3019-1,  ange 101 - 2, outer dia 22 mm - 4 (SAE B, 13 teeth) ISO 3019-1,  ange 101 - 2, outer dia 25 mm - 4 (SAE B-B, 15 teeth)
19.0 - 450 bar split  ange boss per ISO 6162, M10x1.5 ISO 11926-1 – 1
0.72 [437.7] 0.86 [522.03]
5
/16 -12 (SAE O-ring boss)
5
/16 -12 (SAE O-ring boss)
1
/16 -12 (SAE O-ring boss)
T301 001E
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11063344 • Rev EA • Dec 2012
Technical Information
Technical Specications
Technical Specications (continued)
For denitions of the following specications, see Basic Information 11062168, Operating
parameters.
Operating parameters
Feature Unit Size 045 Size 053
Minimum for internal charge supply at minimum charge pressure. Perfor­mance (pressure and displacement)
500
may be limited due to limited control
pressure Minimum for external charge supply
at minimum charge pressure. Full
Input speed
performance (pressure and displace­ment) possible at minimum charge
min
-1
(rpm)
500
and control pressure supply. Minimum for full performance (pres-
sure and displacement) for internal charge supply at minimum charge
1175 1250
and control pressure Rated 3400
Maximum 3500
System pressure
Maximum working pressure
Maximum pressure 450 [6525] 400 [5800]
Maximum low loop 45 [650]
bar [psi]
420 [6090] 380 [5510]
Minimum low loop pressure 10 [150]
Charge pressure
Control pressure
Minimum Maximum 35 [508]
bar [psi]
Minimum (at corner power for EDC and FNR)
Minimum (at corner power for NFPE) 24 [348]
bar [psi]
16 [232]
21.5 [312]
Maximum 40 [580]
Charge pump inlet pressure
Rated Minimum (cold start) 0.2 [24]
bar (absolute) [in Hg vacuum]
0.7 [9]
Maximum bar [psi] 4.0 [58]
Case pressure
Rated
Maximum 5.0 [73]
bar [psi]
3.0 [44]
Lip seal external pressure Maximum bar [psi] 0.4 [5.8]
T000 171E
Fluid speci cations
Feature Unit
Intermittent
Viscosity
Minimum 7 [49] Recommended range 12-80 [66-370] Maximum 1600 [7500] Minimum (cold start)
Temperature
2)
range
Recommended range 60-85 [140-185] Rated 104 [220]
Maximum intermittent
Cleanliness per ISO 4406 22/18/13
Filtration
(recommended minimum)
Effi ciency (charge pressure  ltration) Effi ciency (suction and return line  ltration) Recommended inlet screen mesh size µm 100 – 125
1)
Intermittent = Short term t < 1min per incident and not exceeding 2 % of duty cycle based load-life
2)
At the hottest point, normally case drain port
3)
Cold start = Short term t < 3min, p 50 bar [725 psi], n 1000 min-1(rpm) T000 129E
1)
5 [42]
mm2/s [SUS]
3)
-40 [-40]
°C [°F]
1)
β-ratio
115 [240]
= 75 (β
= 75 (β
10
10
≥ 10)
≥ 2)
β
15-20
β
35-45
11063344 • Rev EA • Dec 2012
5
Technical Information
General Technical Specications

Shaft Loads External radial shaft loads

H1 pumps are designed with bearings that can accept some external radial loads.
The external radial shaft load limits are a function of the load position and orientation,
and the operating conditions of the unit. External radial shaft loads impact lifetime. For lifetime calculations please contact Sauer-Danfoss representative.
The maximum allowable radial load (Re) is based on the maximum external moment
(Me) and the distance (L) from the mounting ange to the load. It may be determined using the following table and formula.
Re = Me / L
Radial load position
0° R
e
L
R
e
270° Re
M
e
180° R
90° R
P301 168
e
Me = Shaft moment L = Flange distance Re = External force to the shaft
Thrust loads should be avoided. Contact factory in the event thrust loads are anticipated.
6
11063344 • Rev EA • Dec 2012
Mounting  ange load
Technical Information
General Technical Specications
Shaft Loads (continued)

Mounting Flange Loads

Maximum external shaft load based on shaft de ection
Unit Size 045/053
External radial moment – M
e
Nm [lbf•in] TDB [TBD]
T000 174E
All external shaft loads aect bearing life. In applications with external shaft loads, minimize the impact by positioning the load at 0° or 180° as shown in the gure.
Sauer-Danfoss recommends clamp-type couplings for applications with radial shaft loads.
Contact your Sauer-Danfoss representative for an evaluation of unit bearing life if you have continuously applied external loads exceeding 25 % of the maximum allowable radial load (Re) or the pump swashplate is positioned on one side of center all or most of the time.
H1 single pump front ange load
The moments shown below apply for control orientation top or side (see table and gures).j
Size 045/053
Control orientation
Control on top Control on side 2020 [17 880] 1300 [11 510] 4110 [36 380] 2930 [25 935]
T000 175E
Rated moment – M Shock load moment – M
R
Unit
Nm [lbf•in]
S
Control on top Control on side
P301 214
For calculation details refer to H1 Pump Basic Information Manual 11062168, section Mounting Flange Loads.
M
R
M
S
P301 213
11063344 • Rev EA • Dec 2012
7
Technical Information
General Technical Specications

Model Code

A B D F E G H J K M N S T V W X Y
H1 P A
Displacement
045 45 cm³ [2.75 in³] 053 53.8 cm³ [3.28 in³]
A Rotation
L Left hand (counter clockwise) R Right hand (clockwise)
B Product Version
A Revision code
D Control
A2 Electric Displacement Control (EDC) 12V, Deutsch connector A3 Electric Displacement Control (EDC) 24V, Deutsch connector A4 Electric Displacement Control (EDC) 12V, Deutsch connector, Manual override A5 Electric Displacement Control (EDC) 24V, Deutsch connector, Manual override A9 Forward-Neutral-Reverse (FNR) 12V, Deutsch connector, Manual override B1 Forward-Neutral-Reverse (FNR) 24V, Deutsch connector, Manual override
Non Feedback Proportional Electric (NFPE) 12V, Deutsch connector, Manual override
A8
(align with option E: Displacement Limiters & option W: Special Hardware)
Non Feedback Proportional Electric (NFPE) 24V, Deutsch connector, Manual override
B8
(align with option E: Displacement Limiters & option W: Special Hardware)
AC-1 (Automotive), 12V, Manual Override (align with option E: Displacement Limiters & option W:
A7
Special Hardware)
AC-1 (Automotive), 24V, Manual Override (align with option E: Displacement Limiters & option W:
C2
Special Hardware)
F Orices
C1 Orices, 0.8 mm in servo supply 1 and 2, recommended for propel applications C2 Orices, 1.3 mm in servo supply 1 and 2 (Standard), recommended for propel applications C3 No orice, recommended for non-propel applications
E Displacement limiters
N None
No limiters, with nested springs (required for NFPE) (align with option Y: Settings for adjustment, if
C
applicable)
B Adjustable externally (align with option Y: Settings for adjustment, if applicable) D Adjustable externally with nested springs, required for NFPE
G Endcap options
Twin port
High
pressure
ports
Match
with below
options
(M+N)
Match
with below
options (T)
D6 X D8 X E5 X E6 X E9 X F1 X F2 X F3 X
With pressure limiter
Suction
ltration
ISO 11 926 O-ring ports ISO 6162 split ange ports
Remote and
external
charge supply
for full charge
ow ltration
Without pressure
limiter
(HPRV only)
Remote or
Suction
ltration
charge supply
for full charge
ow ltration
external
With pressure limiter
Remote and
Suction
ltration
external
charge supply
for full charge
ow ltration
Without pressure
Suction
ltration
limiter
(HPRV only)
Remote or
external
charge supply
for full charge
ow ltration
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11063344 • Rev EA • Dec 2012
Technical Information
General Technical Specications
Model Code (continued)
A B D F E G H J K M N S T V W X Y
H1 P F N N N N N N
H Mounting
F ISO 3019-1, ange 101-2 (SAE B)
J Input shaft
G4 ISO 3019-1, outer dia 22 mm - 4 (SAE B, 13 teeth splined shaft 16/32 pitch) G5 ISO 3019-1, outer dia 25 mm - 4 (SAE B-B, 15 teeth splined shaft 16/32 pitch) G1 ISO 3019-1, outer dia 32 mm - 4 (SAE B, 14 teeth splined shaft 12/24 pitch) F2 Conical keyed shaft end similar to ISO 3019-1 code 25-3, taper 1:8 (key not supplied with pump)
K Auxiliary mounting pad
NN None H2 ISO 3019-1, ange 82 - 2, outer dia 16 mm - 4 (SAE A, 9 teeth 16/32 coupling) H1 ISO 3019-1, ange 82 - 2, outer dia 19 mm - 4 (SAE A, 11 teeth 16/32 coupling) H3 ISO 3019-1, ange 101 - 2, outer dia 22 mm - 4 (SAE B, 13 teeth 16/32 coupling) H5 ISO 3019-1, ange 101 - 2, outer dia 25 mm - 4 (SAE B-B, 15 teeth 16/32 coupling)
Shipping cover
M Overpressure protection type and setting side “A” ** N Overpressure protection type and setting side “B” **
** Pressure protection type must be the same for side “A” and “B
L
L18 K18 180 bar [2610 psi] L20 K20 200 bar [2900 psi] L23 K23 230 bar [3336 psi] L25 K25 250 bar [3630 psi] L28 K28 280 bar [4061 psi]
L30 K30 300 bar [4350 psi] L33 K33 330 bar [4786 psi] L35 K35 350 bar [5080 psi] L38 K38 380 bar [5510 psi] L40 K40 400 bar [5800 psi] (45 cm3 only) L42 K42 420 bar [6090 psi] (45 cm3 only)
Contact factory for pressures not shown or for applied pressure above maximum working pressure (see System Pressure page 5)
High pressure relief valve + pressure limiters with bypass
High pressure relief valve only with bypass
K
(no pressure limiters)
Use the selection for ports “A” and “B”
S Charge pump
B 12 cm³/rev [0.73 in³/rev] N No charge pump, external charge supply, (align with Option T: Filtration Options, option E)
T Filtration options (align with option G: Endcap selection)
L Suction ltration (see basic drawings) P Remote full charge ow ltration (see endcap drawings) E External charge ow ltation (see endcap drawings), (align with option S: Charge pump, option N)
V Charge pressure relief setting (contact factory for pressure not shown)
20 20 bar [290 psi] 24 24 bar [348 psi]
W Special hardware features
PN None P1 NFPE valve plate (align with option D: Control Selection and option E: Displacement Limiters)
11063344 • Rev EA • Dec 2012
9
Technical Information
General Technical Specications
Model Code (continued)
A B D F E G H J K M N S T V W X Y
H1 P F N N N N N N
X Paint and nametag
NNN Black paint and Sauer-Danfoss nametag
Special settings
Y
NNN None
D3F
D4F
D3H
D4H
AC1-control, System F: Functional basis, Motor Speed Sensor, CAN J1939 in/out without Customer Files, 12V
AC1-control, System F: Functional basis, Motor Speed Sensor, CAN J1939 in/out without Customer Files, 24V
AC1-control, System H: Functional basis, Motor Speed Sensor, CAN J1939 out, SIL2 certiable without Customer Files, 12V
AC1-control, System H: Functional basis, Motor Speed Sensor, CAN J1939 out, SIL2 certiable without Customer Files, 24V
10
11063344 • Rev EA • Dec 2012
Notes
Technical Information
Notes
11063344 • Rev EA • Dec 2012
11
M14
Technical Information
General Technical Specications

Electrical Displacement Control (EDC) Options A2 (12 V)/A3 (24 V)

Pump displacement vs. control current
EDC Principle
The Electrical Displacement Control (EDC) consists of a pair of proportional
solenoids on each side of a three-
position, four-way porting spool. The
proportional solenoid applies a force
input to the spool, which ports hydraulic
pressure to either side of a double acting
servo piston. Dierential pressure across the servo piston rotates the swashplate,
changing the pump‘s displacement from full displacement in one direction to full
displacement in the opposite direction.
Under some circumstances, such as contamination, the control spool could
stick and cause the pump to stay at some displacement.
A serviceable 125 μm screen is located in the supply line immediately before the control porting spool.
P003 191
EDC-Schematic diagram
C1 C2
100 %
-b -a
100 %
Description Quantity Ordering number
Mating connector 1 Deutsch® DT06-2S Wedge lock 1 Deutsch® W2S Socket contact (16 and 18 AWG) 2 Deutsch® 0462-201-16141 Sauer-Danfoss mating connector kit 1 K29657
Displacement
"0"
Current mA
P003 479E
Feedback from Swash plate
F00A
PTF00B
P003 478E
Control signal requirements
Control current
Voltage
12 V 640 1640
ba
24 V 330 820
* Factory test current, for vehicle movement or
application actuation expect higher or lower value.
T000133E
a*
mA
b
mA
Pin connections
any order
Connector
12
P003 480
T000 134E
12
11063344 • Rev EA • Dec 2012
Technical Information
General Technical Specications
Electrical Displacement Control (EDC) Options A2 (12 V)/A3 (24 V) (continued)
Solenoid data
Voltage 12V 24V
Maximum current 1800 mA 920 mA Coil resistance @ 20 °C [70 °F] 3.66 14.20 Coil resistance @ 80 °C [176 °F] 4.52Ω 17.52Ω PWM Range 70-200 Hz PWM Frequency (preferred)* 100 Hz Inductance 33 mH 140 mH IP Rating (IEC 60 529) + DIN 40 050, part 9 IP 67 IP Rating (IEC 60 529) + DIN 40 050, part 9
with mating connector
* PWM signal required for optimum control performance.
IP 69K
T000 135E
Flow table
Shaft rotation CW CCW
Coil energized* C2 C1 C2 C1
Port A in out out in
Port B out in in out
Servo port pressurized M5 M4 M5 M4 * For coil location see installation drawings.
T000 136E
Control response
H1 controls are available with optional control passage orices to assist in matching the rate of swashplate response to the application requirements (e.g. in the event of electrical failure). Software ramp or rate limiting should be used to control vehicle response in normal operation. The time required for the pump output ow to change from zero to full ow (acceleration) or full ow to zero (deceleration) is a net function of spool porting, orices, and charge pressure. A swashplate response table is available for each frame indicating available swashplate response times. Testing should be conducted to verify the proper software and orice selection for the desired response.
H1 pumps are limited in mechanical oricing combinations. Software is envisioned as the means to control the swashplate response in normal operating conditions. Mechanical servo orices are to be used only for fail-safe return to neutral in the event of an electrical failure.
Typical response times shown below at the following conditions:
∆p = 250 bar [3626 psi] Viscosity and temperature = 30 mm2/s (50 °C) [141 SUS (122 °F)] Charge pressure = 20 bar [290 psi] Speed = 1800 min-1 (rpm)
Response times
Stroking direction 0.8 mm [0.03 in] Ori ce 1.3 mm [0.05 in] Ori ce No ori ce
Neutral to full  ow 1.7 s 0.9 s 0.5 s Full  ow to neutral 1.1 s 0.6 s 0.3 s
T000 177E
11063344 • Rev EA • Dec 2012
13
TP
Technical Information
General Technical Specications

Forward-Neutral-Reverse (FNR) Electric Control Options A9 (12 V)/B1 (24 V)

Pump displacement vs. electrical signal
The 3-Position (F-N-R) control uses an
electric input signal to switch the pump
to a full stroke position.
Under some circumstances, such as contamination, the control spool could
stick and cause the pump to stay at some displacement.
A serviceable 125 μm screen is located in the supply line immediately before the control porting spool.
100 %
P003 193
3-Position electric control, hydraulic schematic
M14
C2C1
F00B
Displacement
“0“
Voltage VDC
100 %
Description Quantity Ordering number
Mating connector 1 Deutsch® DT06-2S Wedge lock 1 Deutsch® W2S Socket contact (16 and 18 AWG) 2 Deutsch® 0462-201-16141 Sauer-Danfoss mating connector kit 1 K29657
P003 190E
Control current
Min. current to
Voltage
12 V 750 24 V 380
stroke pump
mA
Solenoid connector
12
F00A
P003 189
Pin connections
any order
T000 138E
P003 480
T000 134E
14
11063344 • Rev EA • Dec 2012
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