Please read and understand this document before using Sato Vicinity’s Readers. If you have
any questions, comment or suggestions about the User Manual please contact Sato
Vicinity
Technology
Important Information
Installation Environment
For indoor use only unless otherwise specified. Install Sato Vicinity’s Readers
within the temperature and humidity range according to the product specification.
The environment must not contain corrosive, flammable or explosive agents or
be subject to rapid changes in temperature, to direct vibration or shock.
Installation
Maintenance
!
Sato Vicinity’s RFID reader-writers communicate with data carriers (RFID inlets,
labels and tags) using the 13.56 MHz High Frequency (HF) band. Some industrial
devices can generate unwanted noise which may degrade communication. Make
sure that other equipment is properly installed, grounded and at a reasonable
distance.
lines and other sources of strong electric and magnetic fields. Installation in such
locations should be avoided
All Sato Vicinity’s RFID readers-writers are low maintenance equipment. Except for
externally accessible fuses there are no user-serviceable parts in any Reader. There is
no requirement to remove the cover of the Reader.
Wireless communication can be degraded by high-voltage and high-current
Removal of the Reader cover by unauthorised personnel will void the product
warranty
.
Do not attempt to clean internally. Periodic cleaning of external case parts with a damp cloth is
advisable. Turn off the Reader before cleaning. Do not use solvents of any kind!
In order to avoid electric shock do not remove the Reader cover or attempt
to repair. The equipment must be maintained by authorised, qualified and
This symbol on the Reader or on its packaging indicates that this Reader shall not be treated as
household waste. Instead it shall be handed over to an appropriate collection point for the
recycling of electrical and electronic equipment. By ensuring this Reader is disposed off
correctly, you will help prevent potential negative consequences for the environment and
human health, which could otherwise be caused by inappropriate waste handling of this
product. The recycling of materials will help to conserve natural resources. For more detailed
information about recycling of this Reader, please contact your local city office, your household
waste disposal service or the Sato Vicinity Technology regional sales office.
service-trained personnel only
For disposal purposes Readers should be treated as industrial waste.
MDR-4330AT USER MANUAL 3 83-00-001-DOC
1. Introduction
F
CC
Ra
dio Frequen
cy In
terfe
ren
ce S
tateme
n
t (USA
)
Any changes or modif
i
cations to the equip
ment
that are not expressly
ISO/IE
C
18000 – 3 Mode 2 (Air In
terface
13.56 MHz) Com
plian
ce
Thank you for your recent purchase of a Sato Vicinity RFID reader-writer.
This User Manual will provide you with information to rapidly adopt Sato Vicinity’s PJM
technology for your needs, to install the Reader hardware and Reader Manager Software and get
the Reader running.
Refer to the Reader Manager User Manual (40-01-006-DOC) for a description of the
various tools and advanced options available in Reader Manager.
Programming is covered in the Programmer Guide (40-01-000-DOC).
1.1 Regulation and Standards
RFID equipment is subject to national and international regulations.
The FCC regards RFID equipment as low-power transmitting devices and, therefore, does not
require users of RFID devices to obtain a license to operate them.
These devices comply with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions:
1. These devices may not cause harmful interference, and
2. These devices must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operation.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limit for a Class A digital device
and intentional radiator, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated
in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency
energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful
interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely
to cause harmful interference, in which case the user will be required to correct the
interference at his own expense
FCC ID: 2ACXQ-MDR-4330AT
!
! WARNINIG
approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s
authority granted under FCC Rules to operate this equipment.
This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment this
product may cause radio interference in which case the
user may be required to take adequate measures
Sato Vicinity’s Readers fully complies with the ISO/IEC 18000 Part 3 Mode 2 (Information
technology – Radio frequency identification for item management. Part 3: Parameters for
air interface communications at 13.56 MHz) published in August, 2004
1.2 Warranty
Sato Vicinity’s products are warranted against defects in design, materials and workmanship for a
period of 1 year from the date of purchase by the original owner
MDR-4330AT USER MANUAL 4 83-00-001-DOC
at
Any liability with respect to components including purchased or free issued items and other
materials used in the manufacture of products are covered by, and limited to, any warranty provided
by the original manufacturer
1.3 Limitation of Liability
Sato Vicinity’s warranty excludes products that have been improperly installed or maintained,
modified or misused. Notification of claims must occur within the warranty period.
End-users should contact the company from whom they purchase the products for
replacement, repair or refund.
If purchases the Reader directly from Sato Vicinity, contact Sato Vicinity for a Return
Merchandise Authorization (RMA) before shipment
1.4 Changes in Product Family, Specifications and User Manuals
This document is subject to change without notice in future editions. Sato Vicinity reserves the rights
to change its product design, specifications and product range
1.5 Meaning of Alert Symbols and Signal Words
Notes and Tips. Application Notes
!
! CAUTION
! WARNINIG
This part of the Manual requires your attention
In order to avoid electric shock follow the instructions provided
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will
result in minor or moderate injury. Can cause property damage.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will
result in minor or moderate injury, or may result in serious injury
or death. Can cause significant property damage.
1.6 Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations
D/C Date Code (month/year)
HF High Frequency
LED Light Emitting Diode
MLC Machine Level Control
OEM Label
PJM™ Phase Jitter Modulation or PJM™ is a registered Trade Mark of Sato Vicinity
Original Equipment Manufacture label is located on the back of the equipment.
It includes the Model Number, P/N, D/C, S/N and MLC
PJM StackTag® Registered Trade Mark for Sato Vicinity’s StackTag tags
P/N Part Number
MDR-4330AT USER MANUAL 5 83-00-001-DOC
RMA Return Merchandise Authorisation
Reader Sato Vicinity’s RFID reader/writer
Reader Manger
ReaderServer
RFID
Graphical user application for Windows/Linux which provides a platform for
testing, demonstrations and application development
Embedded application that provides the standard Application Programmer
Interface to serve end-user applications. This application runs on the Reader
Radio Frequency Identification
RFID inlet
RFID Label RFID inlet with adhesive backing (sticky label)
RFID Tag Generic name for RFID inlet and label
RFID reader Device for reading and writing to RFID tags
S/N Serial Number
LAN Local Area Network
A RFID device comprising a microchip and a printed antenna
(copper/aluminium/conductive inks) on a flexible substrate (PET plastic film)
MDR-4330AT USER MANUAL 6 83-00-001-DOC
2 Product Overview
The MDR-4330AT desktop reader represents a breakthrough in 3 dimensional antenna
technology, allowing full orientation insensitive read and write capability. Large numbers of tagged
items can be quickly and accurately identified, regardless of how they are positioned on the reader
surface.
The MDR-4330AT desktop reader is a standalone device which is fitted with full ferrite shielding
and uses field cancellation techniques to ensure there is no operational interference from surrounding
objects (such as metal shelving or other electronic equipment) and it will not interrupt operation of any
other nearby sensitive equipment.
The MDR-4330AT offers connection to a PC via Ethernet or USB and is simple to set up and use,
straight out of the box. It is supplied with our Reader Manager software which provides a platform for
reader setup, configuration, demonstrations, testing and application development.
The MDR-4330AT has been successfully adopted across various industries ranging from the
medical field to diamond and precious gem tracking. It is suitable for any application where few or
many tightly packed tagged items need to be read and written to quickly and accurately.
The communication protocol used by the MDR-4330AT Reader is compliant with ISO/IEC
18000 - 3 Mode 2 (Air Interface at 13.56 MHz).
When you receive your reader, inspect it for any obvious damage that may have
occurred during shipment. If there is damage, notify the shipping carrier and the
supplier of the equipment or Sato Vicinity if purchased directly from Sato Vicinity
Until you have checked the reader, save the shipping carton and packaging materials in
the event the unit has to be returned.
Included with the MDR-4330AT should be the following components:
The CD-ROM will contain the following 4 files:
Reader-writer
Power adaptor - 12VDC output
Quick Start Guide & Test Results sheet
Reader Manager CD-ROM
Autorun.inf
Documentation Folder
CD-ReadMe,txt
Reader Manager-Install.exe
A power cable is not included with the supply. End-users should purchase a
power cable suitable for the country of use
Ethernet & USB cables are not included with the reader.
Ethernet cable and a screened USB cable.
An RFID tag will be (required for Hardware Functionality and Communication Testing)
Will automatically launch the Reader Manager-Install.exe
Contains various PDF documents including User Manuals &
Programmer information
Text file describing all the files on the CD
The GUI application for configuration and demonstration of all
readers
Sato Vicinity recommends CAT5
Only power cables and adaptors that are compliant with the
! CAUTION
USB cable should be USB 2.0, screened & no longer than 3m
!
As shielded cables (USB and Ethernet) are generally required in order to comply with
!
EMC emissions limits, only shielded communication cables should be used.
MDR-4330AT USER MANUAL 8 83-00-001-DOC
regulations in the country of use may be connected to Sato Vicinity’s
equipment.
3.2 Before You Begin
3.2.1 Installation Environment
Sato Vicinity’s Readers are designed to operate in indoor environments where temperature and
humidity are controlled unless other conditions are specified for customised Readers.
For standard Readers the temperature range is from +10oC to +45oC. The humidity range is from
10% to 80% (non-condensing humidity).
Install the Readers within the temperature and humidity ranges according to the product specification
The environment must not contain corrosive, flammable or explosive agents and conductive dust or
be subject to rapid changes in temperature, excess or direct vibration or shock.
! WARNINIG
Do not operate this Reader in an environment which contains
flammable or explosives gases or fumes.
Sato Vicinity’s RFID readers communicate with data carriers (RFID inlets, labels and tags) using the
13.56 MHz High Frequency (HF) band. Some industrial devices can generate unwanted noise
which may degrade communication. Make sure that other equipment is properly installed,
grounded and are at a reasonable distance.
Wireless communication can be degraded by high-voltage and high-current lines and other sources
of strong electric and magnetic fields. Installation in such locations should be avoided.
In order to avoid electric shock do not remove the Reader cover or attempt to
repair. Sato Vicinity’s reader-writers are to be maintained by authorised,
qualified and service-trained personnel only.
!
Removal of the Reader cover by unauthorised personnel will void the product
warranty.
MDR-4330AT USER MANUAL 9 83-00-001-DOC
3.2.2 Working with Tags
Multiple-axis Readers are tag orientation insensitive.
Reading and writing speeds depend on reader-tag communication speeds and
channel numbers (communication protocol), amount of information to be read
and/or written and number of tags presented at a time. Additional numbers of
tags and information to be read/written slow down read-write communication. If
you require further information specific to your application please consult Sato
Vicinity or your support organisation.
Please note that tags and Readers can be incompatible with each other.
Bigger tags can typically work with all types of Readers. Smaller tags require
higher field strengths to communicate with a Reader and as a result they
may not communicate with some Readers or have to be closer to a
Reader antenna to function. If you require further information specific to your
application please consult Sato Vicinity or your support organisation.
3.2.3 Installation Requirements
The MDR-4330AT is a stand-alone peripheral desktop device that does not require special
installation or tuning of an internal antenna.
Power supply requirements:
Mains input: 110 - 240 VAC @ 50/60 Hz
Low voltage input (MDR-4330AT): 12 VDC @ 2.5A
3.2.4 Tag to Reader Orientation
As the MDR-4330AT is a three axis reader providing a three dimensional field it is orientation
insensitive and the RFID tags can be presented in any orientation, vertical, horizontal, parallel or at
any angle to the reader surface.
Tag Orientation Insensitive
MDR-4330AT USER MANUAL 10 83-00-001-DOC
3.3 Hardware Installation
Step
2
. Plug
the pow
er s
upp
l
y into AC power mains
. LE
Ds w
ill come on
MDR-4330AT User Interface Panel
Step1.Conn
The connection to the power source is realized via a low voltage power pack.
ect a
low voltage power p
MDR-4330AT with power connected
ack tothe
Reader
When power is applied to an MDR-4330AT Reader the LEDs on the unit should operate
as follows:
MDR-4330AT USER MANUAL 11 83-00-001-DOC
The red LED “A” and green LED “B” will immediately illuminate then
both LEDs will be switched off after approximately 9 seconds
The red LED will illuminate again after approximately 1 minute
indicating that the unit is in an operational state
Once the unit is in an operational state the red LED will remain permanently illuminated
The LED’s are controlled by the MDR-4330AT Reader software
Step 3. T
est the Reader
when an
MDR-4330AT with
with
a known working RFID ta
RFID tag is su
red & green LED’s illuminated
ccessf
ully
rea
d.
g. The g
ree
n LED will
light
3.3.1 Connecting a Reader to a Computer using USB
Connect the MDR-4330AT Reader to a host computer using a USB data communication
cable by plugging the USB cable into the MDR-4330AT “USB Device” port and the host
computer USB port. Switch the reader on. It can take up to 4 minutes for windows to load the
USB drivers for the reader on some computers. Once the USB driver has loaded the reader
will be listed under Network adapters as a “Linux USB Ethernet/RNDIS Gadget”.
Windows operating systems may occasionally load the incorrect USB drivers for the reader. If
you experience an issue with the incorrect driver loading refer to Magellan Technology
Technical Bulletin 0009 (TB-0009), Available from Sato Vicinity or your local reseller.
MDR-4330AT USER MANUAL 12 83-00-001-DOC
MDR-4330AT with power & USB cables connected
3.3.2 Connecting a Reader to a Computer using Ethernet
Any number of Readers can be connected to a local network using an Ethernet
hub/switch. Plug the Ethernet communication cable into the MDR-4330AT RJ45 socket
(Ethernet port) and Ethernet Hub (Do not use a cross over cable). All readers on the local
area network (LAN) will be accessible by all PC’s on the same LAN.
MDR-4330AT with power & Ethernet cables connected
3.4 Reader Manager Software Installation
Reader Manager is a graphical application for Windows. It provides a platform for reader
setup, configuration, demonstrations, testing and application development. When it is run,
Reader Manager can connect to a single reader at one time, it can switch between multiple
readers. Multiple copies of Reader Manager can be run, each of which can be connected to
different reader. The program provides a set of tools, each of which runs in a particular
demonstration, test or diagnostic window, all windows can be resized. This will be saved, so
the next time you run the Reader Manager, all windows will retain the size you set previously.
The position of the application on the Windows desktop is also retained.
MDR-4330AT USER MANUAL 13 83-00-001-DOC
3.4.1 Software Installation and Functionality Test
Step
1
. Inse
rt the CD sup
plied wit
h the reader into the CD-ROM
.
The installer should start automatically, if it does not simple open the CD directory and run the
Reader Manager-Install.exe. This contains the Python interpreter, support libraries and the
application itself. Python is the development language used by Reader Manager.
The installer looks on the system to determine which components are already present. Ticks
will appear next to the items that are not currently installed. The Python interpreter and
libraries will automatically install if required. In this case, the following window is shown: Click
“OK”
You will be prompted for the directory to install the Python system as shown below. In most
cases, the default directory is the best choice. Click “Install”
You will be presented with the license agreement. Click “I Agree” to continue to the
component selection window (shown below).
By default the installer will install only a basic set of tools. The user will be limited to only
viewing tags and reader messages. This is a safe default, as it prevents users from using
tools or demonstrations and disrupting operating readers. Users who require more
functionality should enable the checkboxes as needed. Once you have made your selections
click “Next >”
MDR-4330AT USER MANUAL 14 83-00-001-DOC
Reader Manager Setup window
If the installer finds that Reader Manager has already been installed with the current
version, you can force a reinstall by manually ticking the checkbox “Next” to the
application.
You will be prompted for the directory to install Reader Manager. The default location is
the best choice but you may change the location as required, click “Next >”
You are prompted for the Start menu folder. The default is PJM Reader Manager, we
recommend not changing this (as shown below). Click “Install”
Should the installation fail, click the Show Details button. Highlight the installation
detail text and press the right mouse button to select Copy Details to Clipboard. Paste
the details into an Email and Email this to your technical support contact.
Reader Manager Start Menu selection window
3.4.2 Connecting to a Reader
A Reader provides Ethernet and USB device interfaces to allow for client
connection. The USB interface uses TCP/IP networking over USB as the protocol.
This allows you to connect to a reader as if it was a normal network. So all the
usual services, such as telnet and FTP are available.
Step 1. Ensure
connected
the reader is switche
When a Reader is connected to a network for the first time using either an
Ethernet cable or c o n n e c t e d t o a host computer using a USB cable, the
Reader is identified by its Model Name-Serial Number (recommended to keep the
serial number as a reference).
d on
with the comm
uni
cat
ion cable
MDR-4330AT USER MANUAL 16 83-00-001-DOC
Customers can add additional information to
the reader such as a physical location in the
customer ID number field. Refer to section
3.4.4 Changing the Reader’s System
Configuration of this User Manual.
Change made to the Reader’s System
Configuration will only take affect once the
reader is restarted
Tip: If you want to use the new name
immediately, simply switch the reader off
the on again to view the new name on the
Connection menu list.
When a Reader is connected to a host computer for the first time using a USB cable, the drivers
should automatically load, if they do not (Perhaps due to an older Windows OS) the Found New Hardware Wizard will appear, perform the following steps.
1. In FoundNewHardwareWizard tick “Yes”, thistimeonly to search for software and
press “Next”.
2. In What do you want wizard to do? Tick “Install” the software automatically and press
“Next”.
3. Wait while the wizard installs the software: Linux USB Ethernet/RNDIS Gadget. Ignore
other message and press “Continue anyway”.
4. Press “Finish”.
5. Open the Connection menu to see a list of Readers and the new Reader identified by
Model Name-Serial Number on the list.
6. If you cannot find the new Reader on the list simply unplug the USB cable and plug it
again into the Reader USB device port. This time you should be able to see the
Reader’s Model Name-Serial Number.
Step2.
Reader Manager will use network broadcasts to look for active readers via USB and Ethernet.
All readers found on the LAN will be listed in the Dynamic Reader List as shown in the image
below.
Start Reader Manager to view Readers f
ound on the LAN
MDR-4330AT USER MANUAL 17 83-00-001-DOC
Dynamic Reader List in Reader Manager
Step
3
. C
onn
ecting to the desired Rea
d
er from the
Locate the desired reader in the Dynamic Reader List & move your mouse pointer over any field of
the reader & double click your left mouse button. You will notice that the green status bubble to the
left of the reader turns into a green arrow & the IP address of the reader will be displayed in the
bottom right corner of the Reader Manager window.
Dynamic Reader List with reader connected
Dynamic Reader List
3.4.3 Communication Test
From the Tools menu, select System then Grid of tags sight count. See Image below
MDR-4330AT USER MANUAL 18 83-00-001-DOC
To setup static IP address connections to readers refer to the Reader Manager User
Manual (40-01-006-DOC).
Grid of tag sight counts tool selection
The Grid of tags will now be visible in the right panel of the Reader Manager window as shown
in the image below
Reader Manager with Tag Sightings window open
Place a tag on the Reader.
blue and display the tag’s ID number and the number of times the tag was sighted, should
be one (1). An example of this is shown below.
The Addition of more tags cause more squares to progressively populate with the tag’s ID
number and the number of times the tag was sighted. Removing a tag will cause the tag to
“Expire” turning the relevant square on the grid to turn dark grey (the data will be preserved).
Placing the same tag back on the reader will cause the relevant square to change from grey
back to blue & the tag count to increment to two (2), with each successive tag removal &
replacement the count will increment by one (1).
This simple test has confirmed the Reader & LAN/USB connection is working.
MDR-4330AT USER MANUAL 19 83-00-001-DOC
The first square in the grid should change from white to
Tag Sightings window showing 1 tag on the reader
3.4.4 Changing the Reader System Configuration
Ensure the Reader is connected as described above. From the Tools menu, select System then
Configuration System as shown below. The Configuration System window will open.
Configuration System tool selection
MDR-4330AT USER MANUAL 20 83-00-001-DOC
The user configurable field is the CustomerID, you can enter the name you would like the
Reader to be identified as (This is useful in a large reader networks where you may need to manage many readers). The name entered in the CustomerID field is the name that will appear
on the Reader Manager Connection menu for that reader. Power cycle the reader for the change
to be reflected in Reader Manager.
Once you have entered the desires reader name press the “Enter” key on your keyboard
then Click the “Save” button to the right to save your changes to the reader.
System Configuration window
3.4.5 Changing the Reader’s Network Setup
Ensure the Reader is connected as described above. From the Tools menu, select System then
Configuration System as shown in section 3.3.4. The Configuration System window will open. Select
the “Network Configuration” tab as shown below. By default the reader is set to obtain an IP address
from a DHCP server. If this is not desired un-tick the “Obtain an IP address automatically” check box
and enter the required IP Address, Subnet mask & Default Gateway. Press the “Enter” key on your
keyboard then Click the “Save” button to the right to save your changes to the reader. Power
cycle the reader for the change to take effect.
MDR-4330AT USER MANUAL 21 83-00-001-DOC
Configuration System “Network Configuration” window
Ensure the IP address allocated to the reader is recorded for future reference.
Applying a label to the reader showing the allocated IP address is ideal.
!
Tip: If you make an error in the reader Network configuration the reader may no
longer be visible on the network (wrong IP range for example). If this happens you
can connect to the reader using a USB cable & correct the issue
MDR-4330AT USER MANUAL 22 83-00-001-DOC
4. Troubleshooting
Issue
Cause
Solution
No Power – All
LED’s are off
Absence of the
flashing green
LED’s during tag
reading
Cannot find and
connect to the reader
as the reader is not
shown on the
Dynamic Reader List
Power cable not connected
Power Cable faulty Replace the cable
Power Adaptor faulty Replace the power adaptor.
Reader Faulty Contact your local supplier for support
Fuse blown Replace fuse with an equivalent 5 x 20mm
Faulty tag/tags Replace tag/tags. Do not use tags with a
The PoweringField is off
USB or Ethernet connection
is not functioning
The tag type is incompatible
with the reader
Reader faulty Contact your local supplier for support
The reader is not connected Ensure the Ethernet/USB cable is
Invalid Network configuration The computer IP address on the computer
USB drivers still loading USB connected readers may take some
Data Cable Test USB/Ethernet cable
Reader faulty Contact your local supplier for support
Ensure the power cable is connected
correctly to both the mains power and to
the Reader
3A 250VAC rated fuse
black dot or black square marking (faulty
tags).
Ensure the powering field is on. Go
to Tools>System>ReaderSetting. Tick
the PoweringField box.
Ensure the Ethernet/USB cable is working
correctly, try using an alternative cable.
Power cycle the Reader & restart the host
computer.
Use the appropriate tag type for the reader,
contact your local supplier to help with tag
compatibility information
connected properly to both the reader &
host computer
running Reader Manager must be in the
same subnet as the reader
time to negotiate an address. Check the
Network Connections window in the
Control Panel to confirm that a connection
has been established
MDR-4330AT USER MANUAL 23 83-00-001-DOC
5. Document Revision History
Version
Date
Person
Change
Ver 1.0 17 Nov 2014 Steve Antonio Initial Release of 83-00-001-DOC
MDR-4330AT USER MANUAL 24 83-00-001-DOC
6. A
ppendi
x
6.1 MDR-4330AT Product Specification
Electrical
Operating Frequency 13.56 MHz
ISO/IEC Compliance ISO/IEC 18000-3 Mode 2
Command Data Rate 424 kbit/s
Reply Data Rate 106 kbit/s per channel
Number of Reply Channels 2
Number of Axes 3
Operating Range Marked read/write area
Power Supply 12 VDC
DC Power Supply Connector 2.5 mm DC centre pin positive
Power Consumption 42W
Performance
Identification rate Up to 150 tags/s
Host
Host Interface USB, Ethernet
Minimum Host Requirements
Environmental
Operating Environment Indoor use
Temperature Range 0°C to +45°C ambient
Humidity 10% to 80% (non-condensing)
Reader Placement Can be placed next to each other
Mechanical
External Dimensions: (L x W x H) 440 x 290 x 84 mm
Net Weight 7.85 kg
Net Volume 0.00074 m3
Certifications
USA
Other Features
Operation
Calibration and Tuning No manual calibration or tuning required
Shielding Methods Ferrite and Field Cancellation
Windows XP SP2 / 500 MHz CPU / 128 MB
RAM
FCC ID: 2ACXQ-MDR-4330ATAT
Powerful processing platform allowing for standalone reader operation
MDR-4330AT USER MANUAL 25 83-00-001-DOC
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