Sartorius YDK04 User Manual

User’s Manual | Betriebsanleitung | Mode d’emploi |
Instrucciones de funcionamiento | 操作指南

Sartorius YDK04

Density Determination Kit | Dichtebestimmungsset
Dispositif de détermination de masses volumiques |
Kit para la determinación de la densidad | 密度测定套件

98648-019-55

English – page 3

Deutsch – Seite 17

Français – page 31

Español – página 45

中文 – 第 59 页

2

Contents

Kit Components � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5

Getting Started � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 6

Method Used to Determine Density � � � � � � � � � � � � 8

Sources of Error and Options for Correction � � � � � 9

Density Determination � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 12

– of Solid Objects � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 12

Tables � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 13
Density Values of H
Density Values of Ethanol � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 14

Appendix � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 15

O � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 13

2

3

The new Sartorius Density Determination Kit is a high­quality accessory to your electronic balance�

With this accessory, Sartorius is making your daily work
easier�

Please read through the set-up and user’s manual
carefully before setting up the balance and starting
your work with the density determination kit�

If you equip your balance with a density
determination program, the program will then
determine the density for you.

In this particular case, please refer exclusively to the
set-up guide and work instructions.

The density determination should then be carried out as
described in the instructions for the density
determination program�

4

Kit Components

1 Beam

2 Cover plate

3 Immersion frame

4 Sample holder (pan hanger assembly)

5 Container

6 Thermometer

7

Fastening clamp

5

Getting Started

The YDK04 density determination kit can be used with
the following balances:
– Secura

– Quintix

– Practum

Preparing the Balance

Before placing the beam on the balance, the balance
will need to be modified�

®

Type 1102, 2102, 3102, 5102

®

Type 612, 1102, 2102, 3102, 5102

®

Type 612, 1102, 2102

t Remove the weighing pan and pan support for the

balance�

Installing the Density Determination Kit

To install the density determination kit on the balance,
proceed as follows:

t Mount the beam on the stud of the balance�

6

t Mount the cover plate on the beam you have just

attached�
When doing this, ensure the cover plate is exactly
positioned and centered�

t Fill the container with liquid (e�g� water or ethanol)

and place the container on the mounted cover plate�

t Insert the sample holder (pan hanger assembly) into

the immersion frame�

t Attach the immersion frame, with the sample holder

mounted on it, to the beam�
Make sure that the sample holder is fully immersed
in the liquid� Add more liquid if necessary�
When immersing the sample holder, make sure that
there are no air bubbles in the sample holder�

t Use the fastening clamp to fasten the thermometer

to the container (where this is required)�

7

Method Used to Determine Density

To determine the density of a solid object,
the measurement system employed here
uses the “Archimedes’ principle”:

An object immersed in liquid will be subject
to an upward buoyant force� This force is
equal to the weight of the liquid displaced
by the object�

Using a hydrostatic balance, which enables
you to weigh the solid object in air and
in water, it is possible to determine the
density of a solid object, if the density of
the buoyancy medium is known:

W (a) ∙ ρ (fl)
ρ =

W (a) – W (fl)

Where:

ρ = the density of the solid object
ρ (fl) = the density of the liquid

W (a) = the weight of the solid object

in air

W (fl) = the weight of the solid object

in liquid

8

8

Sources of Error and Options for Correction

The above formula to determine the
density of solid objects is sufficiently
accurate for determining the density
to two decimal places depending on
samples volume� This density kit is
designed for determining density of
10 g – 2 kg weight of samples�

Depending on the accuracy required, the
following error and correction factors will
need to be considered:
– effect of temperature on the density of

the bouyancy liquid
– air bouyancy when weighing in air
– changes in the immersion depth of the

immersion frame when immersing the

sample
– adhesion of the liquid to the immersion

frame
– air bubbles sticking to the sample�

Some of the errors can be corrected
mathematically� To do this, you have to:
– measure the temperature of the liquid

and correct the liquid density

accordingly�

Effect of Temperature on the Liquid
Density

The density of the buoyancy liquid is
temperature dependent� The density
change per °C temperature change is
of the order of:
– 0�02% for distilled water
– 0�1% for alcohols and hydrocarbons�

In other words, this can show up in the
third decimal place during density
determination�

To correct the liquid density based on
temperature, proceed as follows:
– measure the temperature of the liquid

using the thermometer supplied�

– the density of the most common

buoyancy liquids, water and ethanol,
at the measured temperature can then
be found in the table provided and used
for ρ (fl)�

9

9

Air Buoyancy

Depending on the temperature, humidity
and air pressure, a 1 cm

3

volume of air will
have a weight of around 1�2 mg� When
weighing in air, the object experiences
a corresponding buoyancy per cm

3

of its
volume� The error that results if the air
buoyancy is not allowed for shows up in
the third decimal place and should
therefore be corrected�

Immersion Depth

The sample holder to collect and/or
immerse the sample during the weighing in
liquid is fastened rigidly to two wires and
plunges about 30 mm deep into the liquid�
Since the balance is tared prior to each
measurement, the additional buoyancy
from the submerged part of the
measurement setup is not factored
into the determination of the density�

The buoyancy force is taken into account
in the following formula:

W (a) ∙ [ρ (fl) – ρ (a)]

ρ = + ρ (a)�

W (a) – W (fl)

Where ρ (a) = 0�0012 g/cm

3

= density of
air under normal conditions (temperature
20°C, pressure 101�325 kPa)�

When weighing in liquid, a volume of
liquid corresponding to the volume of the
sample body gets displaced�
This causes the fastening wires on the pan
to plunge deeper and generate additional
buoyancy, creating an error in the density
determination�

The following formula will correct the
error:

W (a) ∙ [ρ (fl) – ρ (a)]
ρ = + ρ (a)

Corr [W (a) – W (fl)]

10

10

Adhesion of the Liquid to the Wire

When immersing the sample holder in the
buoyancy liquid, liquid creeps up the wire
because of adhesion forces and creates a
few additional milligrams of weight�

Since the sample holder is in the
buoyancy medium both when weighing in
air and when weighing in liquid, and the
balance is tared at the beginning of each
measurement, the influence of the liquid
meniscus can be ignored�

In order to reduce the surface tension and
the friction of the liquid on the wire,
around three drops of a surfactant (Mirasol
Antistatic or a conventional detergent) are
added to the vessel’s distilled water
contents�

With the buoyancy liquid creeping up the
wire, the weight value may still slowly
change after the “g” has appeared�

For this reason, the weight value should be
read as soon as the “g” appears�

Air Bubbles

The measurement errors which occur as
a result of air bubbles sticking to the
sample can be evaluated as follows: If the
air bubble has a diameter of 0�5 mm, this
will produce an additional buoyancy of less
than 0�1 mg when weighing in water� If the
air bubble has a diameter of 1 mm, the
additional buoyancy will be around 0�5 mg,
and if the diameter is around 2 mm,
roughly 4�2 mg� It is therefore imperative
that larger air bubbles are taken off with
a fine brush or similar�

Moisture can also be added in advance in
a separate container�

11

11

Density Determination

Determining Density of Solid Objects

Preparation

(the description uses distilled water)
– Align the container in the center of the

base plate; the beam acts as the stopper
at the back�

– Fill with distilled water up to approx�

5 mm below the edge�

– Add three drops of surfactant to the

distilled water�

– Use the clamp to fasten the

thermometer to the edge of the beaker�

– Clean the sample holder with solvent

(paying particular attention to the
immersed wires) and hook on to the
beam�

Measurement Procedure

Determining the Sample Weight in Air

– Tare the balance�
– Place the sample on the beam weighing

pan and weigh it�

– Make a note of the weight value W (a)�

Determining the Buoyancy
G = W (a) – W (fl)

– Tare the balance with the sample on the

beam�

– Lay the sample in the sample holder

1

)�

– Make a note of the absolute value of

buoyancy G, with a minus sign in front�

Calculating the Density

– Read off the temperature�
– Locate the density value ρ (fl) in the table

using the temperature you have read off�

– Calculate the density using the following

formula:

W (a) ∙ [ρ (fl) – 0�0012 g/cm3]
ρ = +

Corr G

0�0012 g/cm

W (a) and G in g; ρ (fl) in g/cm3

G = W (a) – W (fl)

3

12

12

1

) (If you have to remove the sample holder

from the measurement equipment to do
this, make sure that no additional air
bubbles become attached upon
re-immersion in the liquid; it is better to
add the sample directly with forceps or
similar�)

Tables

Density Values of H2O at Temperature T (in °C)

T/°C 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

10. 0�99973 0�99972 0�99971 0�99970 0�99969 0�99968 0�99967 0�99966 0�99965 0�99964

11. 0�99963 0�99962 0�99961 0�99960 0�99959 0�99958 0�99957 0�99956 0�99955 0�99954

12. 0�99953 0�99951 0�99950 0�99949 0�99948 0�99947 0�99946 0�99944 0�99943 0�99942

13. 0�99941 0�99939 0�99938 0�99937 0�99935 0�99934 0�99933 0�99931 0�99930 0�99929

14. 0�99927 0�99926 0�99924 0�99923 0�99922 0�99920 0�99919 0�99917 0�99916 0�99914

15. 0�99913 0�99911 0�99910 0�99908 0�99907 0�99905 0�99904 0�99902 0�99900 0�99899

16. 0�99897 0�99896 0�99894 0�99892 0�99891 0�99889 0�99887 0�99885 0�99884 0�99882

17. 0�99880 0�99879 0�99877 0�99875 0�99873 0�99871 0�99870 0�99868 0�99866 0�99864

18. 0�99862 0�99860 0�99859 0�99857 0�99855 0�99853 0�99851 0�99849 0�99847 0�99845

19. 0�99843 0�99841 0�99839 0�99837 0�99835 0�99833 0�99831 0�99829 0�99827 0�99825

20. 0�99823 0�99821 0�99819 0�99817 0�99815 0�99813 0�99811 0�99808 0�99806 0�99804

21. 0�99802 0�99800 0�99798 0�99795 0�99793 0�99791 0�99789 0�99786 0�99784 0�99782

22. 0�99780 0�99777 0�99775 0�99773 0�99771 0�99768 0�99766 0�99764 0�99761 0�99759

23. 0�99756 0�99754 0�99752 0�99749 0�99747 0�99744 0�99742 0�99740 0�99737 0�99735

24. 0�99732 0�99730 0�99727 0�99725 0�99722 0�99720 0�99717 0�99715 0�99712 0�99710

25. 0�99707 0�99704 0�99702 0�99699 0�99697 0�99694 0�99691 0�99689 0�99686 0�99684

26. 0�99681 0�99678 0�99676 0�99673 0�99670 0�99668 0�99665 0�99662 0�99659 0�99657

27. 0�99654 0�99651 0�99648 0�99646 0�99643 0�99640 0�99637 0�99634 0�99632 0�99629

28. 0�99626 0�99623 0�99620 0�99617 0�99614 0�99612 0�99609 0�99606 0�99603 0�99600

29. 0�99597 0�99594 0�99591 0�99588 0�99585 0�99582 0�99579 0�99576 0�99573 0�99570

30. 0�99567 0�99564 0�99561 0�99558 0�99555 0�99552 0�99549 0�99546 0�99543 0�99540

13

13

Density Values of Ethanol at Temperature T (in °C)

T/°C 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

10. 0�79784 0�79775 0�79767 0�79758 0�79750 0�79741 0�79733 0�79725 0�79716 0�79708

11. 0�79699 0�79691 0�79682 0�79674 0�79665 0�79657 0�79648 0�79640 0�79631 0�79623

12. 0�79614 0�79606 0�79598 0�79589 0�79581 0�79572 0�79564 0�79555 0�79547 0�79538

13. 0�79530 0�79521 0�79513 0�79504 0�79496 0�79487 0�79479 0�79470 0�79462 0�79453

14. 0�79445 0�79436 0�79428 0�79419 0�79411 0�79402 0�79394 0�79385 0�79377 0�79368

15. 0�79360 0�79352 0�79343 0�79335 0�79326 0�79318 0�79309 0�79301 0�79292 0�79284

16. 0�79275 0�79267 0�79258 0�79250 0�79241 0�79232 0�79224 0�79215 0�79207 0�79198

17. 0�79190 0�79181 0�79173 0�79164 0�79156 0�79147 0�79139 0�79130 0�79122 0�79113

18. 0�79105 0�79096 0�79088 0�79079 0�79071 0�79062 0�79054 0�79045 0�79037 0�79028

19. 0�79020 0�79011 0�79002 0�78994 0�78985 0�78977 0�78968 0�78960 0�78951 0�78943

20. 0�78934 0�78926 0�78917 0�78909 0�78900 0�78892 0�78883 0�78874 0�78866 0�78857

21. 0�78849 0�78840 0�78832 0�78823 0�78815 0�78806 0�78797 0�78789 0�78780 0�78772

22. 0�78763 0�78755 0�78746 0�78738 0�78729 0�78720 0�78712 0�78703 0�78695 0�78686

23. 0�78678 0�78669 0�78660 0�78652 0�78643 0�78635 0�78626 0�78618 0�78609 0�78600

24. 0�78592 0�78583 0�78575 0�78566 0�78558 0�78549 0�78540 0�78532 0�78523 0�78515

25. 0�78506 0�78497 0�78489 0�78480 0�78472 0�78463 0�78454 0�78446 0�78437 0�78429

26. 0�78420 0�78411 0�78403 0�78394 0�78386 0�78377 0�78368 0�78360 0�78351 0�78343

27. 0�78334 0�78325 0�78317 0�78308 0�78299 0�78291 0�78282 0�78274 0�78265 0�78256

28. 0�78248 0�78239 0�78230 0�78222 0�78213 0�78205 0�78196 0�78187 0�78179 0�78170

29. 0�78161 0�78153 0�78144 0�78136 0�78127 0�78118 0�78110 0�78101 0�78092 0�78084

30. 0�78075 0�78066 0�78058 0�78049 0�78040 0�78032 0�78023 0�78014 0�78006 0�77997

14

14

Appendix

To gain a better understanding of the
process, the theory behind the formulas
and the correction factor is explained here�

Basic Principles

Mass (g)
Density =

Volume (cm

The

Archimedes’ principle states:
An object immersed in liquid will be
subject to a buoyant force (G)� This force is
equal to the weight of the liquid displaced
by the object�
The volume of the immersed object V (k) is
equal to the volume of the displaced
liquid

V (fl)�

The following are determined:
1� Weight in air W (a)
2� Buoyancy of the object in the liquid (G)

The density of an object is:

mass of object

ρ = =

volume of object

If the density ρ (fl) of the displaced liquid
is known:
Mass (fl)

V (fl) = =

ρ (fl)

Thus:

W (a) ∙ ρ (fl)
ρ =

G

3

)

W (a)

V (s)

G

ρ (fl)

=

W (a)
V (fl)

Calculation

The density of a solid object is calculated
based on the ratio
ρ : W (a) = ρ (fl) : W (a) – W (fl)
Thus:

W (a) ∙ ρ (fl)
ρ =

W (a) – W (fl)

W (a) – W (fl) = G =

Where:

ρ = the density of the solid object
ρ (fl) = the density of the liquid

W (a) = the weight of the solid object

in air

W (fl) = the weight of the solid object

in liquid

buoyancy of the sample

15

15

Packing the Density Determination Kit for Shipping

To pack the density determination kit
for shipping, proceed as follows:

Make sure to place the container and

cover plate in the inner foam piece
exactly as shown in the illustration.
Otherwise you will not be able to place
the density determination kit in its
correct position in the carrying case.

t Insert the immersion frame (1) the inner

foam piece (6)�

5

4

3

2

1

t Insert the container (2) into the inner

foam piece (6)�

t Put the cover plate (3) on the container�

t Lay the round cushion (4) on the cover

plate�

t Insert the beam (5) over the round

cushion into the inner foam piece from
above�

1616

6

Inhalt

Die Bestandteile � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 19

Inbetriebnahme � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 20

Verfahren zur Dichtebestimmung � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 22

Fehlerquellen und Korrekturmöglichkeiten � � � � � � 23

Dichtebestimmung � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 26

– von Festkörpern � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 26

Tabellen � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27
Dichtewerte von H
Dichtewerte von Ethanol � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 28

Anhang � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 29

O � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27

2

17

17

Mit diesem Sartorius-Dichtebestimmungsset haben Sie
ein hochwertiges Zubehör zu Ihrer elektronischen
Waage erworben�

Sartorius erleichtert Ihnen mit diesem Zubehör die
tägliche Arbeit�

Bitte lesen Sie die Aufstellungs- und Betriebs anleitung
aufmerksam durch, bevor Sie mit dem Einrichten der
Waage und der Arbeit mit dem Dichtebestimmungsset
beginnen�

Bei Ausrüstung Ihrer Waage mit einem Dichte­bestimmungsprogramm können Sie die Berechnung
der Dichte vom Programm erledigen lassen.

Beachten Sie in diesem Fall bitte nur die
Einrichtungs- und Arbeitshinweise.

Die Durchführung der Dichtebestimmung sollte dann
erfolgen, wie in der Anleitung des Dichte bestimmungs­programms beschrieben�

1818

Die Bestandteile

1 Gestell

2 Abdeckblech

3 Tauchbügel

4 Tauchkorb

5 Behälter

6 Thermometer

7

Befestigungs klemme

19

Inbetriebnahme

Das Dichtebestimmungsset YDK04 kann mit folgenden
Waagen verwendet werden:
– Secura

– Quintix

– Practum

Waage vorbereiten

Bevor das Gestell auf die Waage aufgesetzt wird, muss
die Waage modifiziert werden�

®

Typ 1102, 2102, 3102, 5102

®

,

Typ 612, 1102, 2102, 3102, 5102

®

Typ 612, 1102, 2102

t Demontieren Sie die zur Waage gehörenden Waag-

schale und Unterschale�

20

Dichtebestimmungsset installieren

Gehen Sie bei der Installation des Dichtebestim­mungssets auf der Waage wie folgt vor:

t Montieren Sie das Gestell auf dem Zapfen der

Waage�

t Montieren Sie die Abdeckblech auf dem zuvor ange-

brachten Gestell�
Achten Sie dabei auf exakte Positionierung und Zen­trierung�

t Füllen Sie den Behälter mit der Flüssigkeit

(z�B� Wasser oder Ethanol) und setzen Sie den
Behälter auf die montierte Abdeckblech�

t Setzen Sie den Tauchkorb in den Tauchbügel ein�

t Hängen Sie den Tauchbügel mit montiertem Tauch-

korb an das Gestell�
Achten Sie dabei darauf, dass der Tauchkorb
komplett in er Flüssigkeit eintaucht� Füllen Sie ggf�
Flüssigkeit nach�
Achten Sie beim Eintauchen des Tauchkorbes
darauf, dass sich keine Luftblasen am Tauchkorb
befinden�

t Befestigen Sie das Thermometer mit der

Befestigungsklemme am Behälter (bei Bedarf)�

21

Verfahren zur Dichtebestimmung

Zur Bestimmung der Dichte eines
Fest körpers wird bei der vorliegenden
Messeinrichtung das »Archimedische
Prinzip« herangezogen:

Ein in eine Flüssigkeit getauchter Körper
erfährt eine nach oben gerichtete Auftriebs­kraft� Diese Kraft ist dem Betrag nach
gleich der Gewichtskraft der durch
das Volumen des Körpers verdrängten
Flüssigkeit�

Mit einer hydrostatischen Waage, die es
gestattet den Festkörper sowohl in Luft
als auch in Wasser zu wägen, ist es mög­lich, die Dichte eines Festkörpers zu
bestimmen, wenn die Dichte des Auftriebs­mediums bekannt ist:

W (a) ∙ ρ (fl)
ρ =

W (a) – W (fl)

Dabei ist:

ρ = die Dichte des Festkörpers
ρ (fl) = die Dichte der Flüssigkeit

W (a) = das Gewicht des Festkörpers

in Luft

W (fl) = das Gewicht des Festkörpers

in der Flüssigkeit

22