SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid User Guide

SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2, version for SAP solutions User Guide

Version 12.2.0.0

October 2009

Trademarks

without the express permission of SAP AG. The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice.

Some software products marketed by SAP AG and its distributors contain proprietary software components of other software vendors.

All rights reserved. SAP, R/3, SAP NetWeaver, Duet, PartnerEdge, ByDesign, SAP Business ByDesign, and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP AG in Germany and other countries.

Business Objects and the Business Objects logo, BusinessObjects, Crystal Reports, Crystal Decisions, Web Intelligence, Xcelsius, and other Business Objects products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Business Objects S.A. in the United States and in other countries. Business Objects is an SAP company.

All other product and service names mentioned are the trademarks of their respective companies. Data contained in this document serves informational purposes only. National product specifications may vary.

These materials are subject to change without notice. These materials are provided by SAP AG and its affiliated companies ("SAP Group") for informational purposes only, without representation or warranty of any kind, and SAP Group shall not be liable for errors or omissions with respect to the materials. The only warranties for SAP Group products and services are those that are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services, if any. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty.

SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide

Chapter 1 Introduction 9

What is a Rapid Mart? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Rapid Marts packages accelerate Time to Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

SAP BusinessObjects Rapid Marts packages architecture . . . . . . . . . 12

About this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Chapter 2 Overview 15

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

What you can do with this Rapid Mart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Supported analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Related Rapid Marts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Sharing Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Purchasing Rapid Mart schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Where the Rapid Mart fits in the materials management process . . . . . . . 23

Chapter 3 Subject Areas 25

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Purchasing Module Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Purchasing Module Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Organizational Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Structure Assignments of Organizational Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Sample Organizations in Purchasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Purchasing Info-Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Order Price History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide 3

Contents

Document Category and Document Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Purchase Requisition Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Rapid Mart processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Rapid Mart data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Purchase Document Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Rapid Mart processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Rapid Mart Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Purchase Pricing Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Rapid Mart processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

Rapid Mart Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Purchase Schedule Line Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Rapid Mart processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Rapid Mart Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Invoice Receipt Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

Rapid Mart processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

Rapid Mart Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Purchase Document History Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

Rapid Mart processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

Rapid Mart Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Chapter 4 Reports 69

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

Purchase Requisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

Recommended Table Joins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Purchase Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

Recommended Table Joins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Purchase Pricing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

Recommended Table Joins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Purchase Schedule Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94

4 SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide

Contents

Recommended Table Joins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Invoice Receipt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Recommended Table Joins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Purchase Document History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Recommended Table Joins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

SAP Master Data Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Data Discovery Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Data Auditing Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Recommended table joins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Chapter 5 Universe 127

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Universe Design Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Universe Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Universe Table Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Join Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Hierarchies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Hierarchies Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Geographic Hierarchies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Time Dimension and Fiscal Period Hierarchies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Material Product Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Horizontal & Vertical Hierarchies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Hierarchy Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Purchasing Specific Hierarchies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Accounting Hierarchies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

SAP Purchasing Universe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Universe Objects & Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Common Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Fact Table Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Invoice Receipt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide 5

Contents

Purchase Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163

Purchase Document History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

Purchase Price . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169

Purchase Requisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172

Purchase Schedule Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175

Filters & Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Universe Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179

SAP Master Data Universe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181

Universe Objects & Classes - Master Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181

Universe Validation - Master Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Customizing the Universe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218

Fact Table for Purchase Document History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218

Chapter 6 Installing the Rapid Mart 221

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222

System Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Personnel Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224

Rapid Mart product components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225

Preparing your environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227

Preparing Data Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227

Preparing Target Database Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227

Preparing Source Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228

Preparing BusinessObjects Enterprise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Performance Tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228

The Rapid Mart Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230

Install the Rapid Mart Target Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231

Create Target Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231

Install the Data Services Job(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Renaming the Data Stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234

Import ATL File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236

Adjusting the Data Stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

Using Auxiliary Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245

Using ABAP Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246

6 SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide

Contents

Final Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Installing Rapid Mart Reporting Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Import Wizard for Reporting Content BIAR File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Creating Universe Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Chapter 7 Using the Rapid Mart 271

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

Recovery framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

Data Services automatic recovery feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

Rapid Mart recovery framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Execution status framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

The execution status table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

The execution status API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

Executing a job with the Reset option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Extraction, transformation and loading process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276

Global Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

Global Variable Cross-Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

Used in All Rapid Marts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

Used in 2 to 10 Rapid Marts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285

Used in Only 1 Rapid Mart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

Setting Global Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

Executing the job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

Initial (First) Extraction and Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309

Incremental (Delta) Extraction and Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

Customizing the Rapid Mart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Chapter 8 Technical Implementation 313

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

Purchase Requisition Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

Initial and Incremental Load Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

Purchase Document Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318

Initial Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

Incremental Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide 7

Contents

Purchase Pricing Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323

Initial Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327

Incremental Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Purchase Schedule Line Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Initial Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332

Incremental Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

Invoice Receipt Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .333

Initial Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335

Incremental Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

Dimensions with Incremental Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337

Info-Record & Info-Record by Purchasing Organization . . . . . . . . . . . 337

Purchase Document Price History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338

Optimization Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339

Table Partitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340

Data Transfer Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341

Hierarchy Optimizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

Dealing with NULL values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345

Fiscal Periods & Time Dim Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

Fact Table Stored Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

Chapter 9 Documentation References 351

Data Services Documentation References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .352

BusinessObjects Enterprise Documentation References . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

Appendix A Rapid Mart Data Schema 355

8 SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide

Introduction

chapter

Introduction

What is a Rapid Mart?

SAP BusinessObjects Rapid Marts packages are blueprints for building data marts with SAP BusinessObjects technology:

• Data Services

• Universe Designer

• Web Intelligence.

Rapid Marts packages deliver jump-start ETL (extract, transform & load) mappings, schema, and initial reporting content, accelerating the deployment of BI (business intelligence) for enterprise applications from SAP, PeopleSoft, Oracle, and Siebel.

Each Rapid Mart is designed to address the reporting needs of a specific business area (or department) like accounting, sales, or purchasing. A component-based framework allows conducting analysis across these selected business areas by combining different packages within the same source application suite.

Rapid Marts focus on basic standard configuration of the enterprise applications. They are country and industry neutral templates meant to be easily modified and extended to suit customer specific application implementation and reporting needs.

Rapid Marts incorporate best practices, and provide easily modifiable templates. With Rapid Marts total development time of a data mart solution is greatly reduced.

Each customer situation is different. You will probably encounter one or more of these:

• Customizations you have made to SAP solutions the Rapid Mart does not

cover.

• Standard SAP solutions data fields important for your specific business,

but not included in the Rapid Mart templates.

• Optimization and performance challenges unique to your environment.

• Reporting requirements not covered within the Rapid Mart template

reports.

Rapid Marts are flexible templates that you can adjust to account for these unique situations. It is expected that some customization and optimization will be needed to suit your individual environment. Rapid Marts are not an out-of-the-box solution.

10 SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide

BI tools and analytic tools can access Rapid Mart data through SQL queries. Rapid Marts can be implemented individually, or in any combination, to form a single platform that delivers the infrastructure for your company’s internal and external information needs. They can also serve as a staging area for enterprise analytic applications.

Rapid Marts provide your business with an accelerated time to value through rapid BI deployments because you can implement them quickly and easily customize them to meet specific analytic requirements.

Rapid Marts packages accelerate Time to Value

Rapid Marts are packaged data solutions that you can quickly deploy to address specific areas of business analysis.

Available Rapid Marts packages for SAP solutions include:

Financial Suite:

• SAP BusinessObjects General Ledger Rapid Mart, version for SAP

solutions

• SAP BusinessObjects Accounts Payable Rapid Mart, version for SAP

solutions

• SAP BusinessObjects Accounts Receivable Rapid Mart, version for SAP

solutions

• SAP BusinessObjects Cost Center Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions

Operational Suite:

• SAP BusinessObjects Inventory Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions

• SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions

• SAP BusinessObjects Sales Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions

Manufacturing Suite:

• SAP BusinessObjects Plant Maintenance Rapid Mart, version for SAP

solutions

• SAP BusinessObjects Production Planning Rapid Mart, version for SAP

solutions

• SAP BusinessObjects Project Systems Rapid Mart, version for SAP

solutions

Human Capital Management (HCM) Suite:

• SAP BusinessObjects Human Resources Rapid Mart, version for SAP

solutions

Introduction

What is a Rapid Mart?

SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide 11

Introduction

What is a Rapid Mart?

You can combine multiple Rapid Marts packages into a single environment to build the foundation for your data warehouse or use them as a staging area for business intelligence applications.

SAP BusinessObjects Rapid Marts packages architecture

Rapid Marts architecture is driven by SAP BusinessObjects technology. Rapid Mart Architecture:

Rapid Marts packages include the following components:

12 SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide

Introduction

About this document

• Data Movement Jobs - packaged source-to-target mappings and data

transformations. Each job is designed to perform initial and incremental data movement;

• Data Model & Schema - set of dat a mart database objects designed with

dimensional data modeling approach. Rapid Marts packages for SAP solutions has a single integrated data model. The schema are available for Oracle, SQL Server IBM DB2, and Teradata;

• Semantic Layer (Universes) - SAP BusinessObjects metadata packages

for efficient query generation. There can be one or more universes per Rapid Mart. Each universe is developed using Rapid Marts design principles to ensure compatibility, code readability, and component re-use. In addition, there is one Master universe for development/maintenance of multiple use objects (like Customer, Material, Currency, etc.);

• Reports (Samples) - set of 15-20 Web Intelligence reports per Rapid

Mart. They represent answers to mostly asked business questions (for example, in the SAP BusinessObjects Sales Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions - 'What is the monthly Revenue trend by Division for this year?'). The reports are developed using Rapid Mart color/layout templates. Reports are examples of Web Intelligence best practice development (trends, listing, guided analysis, roll ups and downs, etc.).

About this document

This document describes the SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions. This document contains information for a variety of users—information that helps you understand the use of the Rapid Mart, the data in the Rapid Mart, the reports you can create with the Rapid Mart, and how to use and update the Rapid Mart.

This document contains the following chapters:

• Chapter 2: Overview — Describes the business problems you can solve

and the types of analyses you can do with this Rapid Mart

• Chapter 3: Subject Areas — Contains detailed information about each

componentized section in the Rapid Mart, including the processes each section captures

• Chapter 4: Reports — Provides examples of reports you can produce

• Chapter 5: Universe — Describes the Business Objects Universes upon

which the reports are built.

SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide 13

Introduction

About this document

• Chapter 6: Installing the Rapid Mart — Contains the information you need

to install the Rapid Mart

• Chapter 7: Using the Rapid Mart —Describes how to execute the Rapid

Mart, including information about setting parameters and considerations you need to make when customizing the Rapid Mart

• Chapter 8: Technical Implementation — Describes each componentized

section and the work flows that run to load that section

• Chapter 9: Documentation References — Information about where to find

related to the Rapid Mart technical documentation on Data Services and BusinessObjects Enterprise

• Appendix A: Rapid Mart Data Schema — Contains a detailed list of the

tables and views in the Rapid Mart

14 SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide

Overview

chapter

Overview

This chapter describes the business problems you can solve with the SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions and the types of analyses you can do with this Rapid Mart. The information in this chapter is useful for those who want a business-level overview of the Rapid Mart and its benefits.

This chapter contains the following sections:

• What you can do with this Rapid Mart

• Supported analyses

• Related Rapid Marts

• Purchasing Rapid Mart schema

• Where the Rapid Mart fits in the materials management process

What you can do with this Rapid Mart

The SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions supports analysis of purchasing activities initiated within the Material Management (MM-PUR) module. Purchasing is the process of externally procuring materials and services in order to meet production schedules, maintain stock levels, and meet internal needs for materials consumed within the company.

Using this Rapid Mart you can:

• Analyze vendor delivery efficiency

• monitor purchasing expenditures

• monitor purchasing delivery schedules

• compare performance by different parts of your purchasing organization

• perform pricing trend analyses

• Analyze upcoming purchase requisitions

With the SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions you can answer these types of questions:

• Which vendors are consistently late on delivery?

• Can I procure parts at a lower cost if I use a different vendor?

• How much will the initial stocking ramp up for an new product line cost?

• Which of my buyers can negotiate the best prices?

• Is one plant buying more than another plant producing the same product?

• How are my purchasing costs trending over time?

16 SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide

Overview

What you can do with this Rapid Mart

• Which purchase order deliveries need to be expedited for an unexpected

jump in sales?

• Are invoice receipts matching goods receipts?

Selection of a vendor or supplier is a continuous and integral component of the purchasing process. An effective relationship between companies and suppliers helps reduce inventory levels and costs for both entities. The SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions provides a framework for assessing this relationship through comparison of prices, supplier performance, transaction history , contract conditions, payment terms, and purchasing organization effectiveness.

The SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions is made up of several componentized sections. Each section supports a subject related to these types of purchasing analysis:

• Purchase Requisition Section — The purchasing process begins with a

need or requirement for a certain material or service by a certain date. A purchase requisition document detailing the requirement goes to the purchasing organization for follow-up action. If the requirement can not be met using internal supplies, the external procurement process begins.

• Purchase Document Section — Purchasing Documents include all

types of transactions between ourselves and our vendors or suppliers:

• RFQ’s (Requests for Quotation) - represent a preliminary step,

asking the vendor to supply pricing and availability information about their products, but without a commitment to purchase.

• Purchase Orders - a commitment to have a vendor to supply a

quantity of materials on a specific date or set of planned delivery dates. The price for the materials may be determined from contract-based pricing conditions, previous quotations, or set at the time the purchase order is created.

• Contracts - In the SAP solutions Purchasing component, a type of

"outline agreement", or longer-term buying arrangement. The contract is a binding commitment to procure a certain material or service from a vendor over a certain period of time.

• Scheduling Agreements - Another type of "outline agreement", or

longer-term buying arrangement. Scheduling agreements provide for the creation of delivery schedules specifying purchase quantities, delivery dates, and possibly also precise times of delivery over a predefined period.

SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide 17

Overview

Supported analyses

• Purchase Pricing Section — Detailed pricing conditions for purchasing

documents. Includes payment terms, price history and info records for analysis. and other supplier-related information. The Info Record contains information on a specific material and a vendor supplying the material. It provides the basis for vendor comparison and selection.

• Purchase Schedule Line Section — The purchase document’s delivery

schedule. Allows detailed analysis by delivery date or planned delivery date, including number of days a delivery is early or late.

• Invoice Receipt Section — Prior to vendor payment, allows invoice to

be compared to the purchase order and goods receipt to verify price and quantity. Results of invoice verification can be used to block invoice payments for discrepancies in price, quantity, delivery schedule, or quality. Can be linked to purchase orders, vendors, delivery schedules, etc.

• Purchase Document History Section — A subject area that combines

Purchase Schedule Lines, Purchase Requisitions and Invoice Receipts to show the full cycle of the purchasing process.

Chapter 3: Subject Areas discusses each of these sections in more detail and

how to link them together for a complete Purchasing Analysis solution.

Supported analyses

The SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions supports several types of analyses.

Business function Types of analysis Measures available in the Rapid Mart

Contract Negotiation Price analysis Aggregate analysis of pricing conditions

including volume discounts across purchasing organizations for purposes of cost reduction and consolidation

Invoice Verification Detailed Listing Detailed invoice listing including posting date

and quantities / values received.

Exception reporting Compare purchase order quantities, prices, and

currencies to invoiced quantities, prices, and currencies with exceptions highlighted

Organization Efficiency

18 SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide

Purchasing organization performance

Expenditures, price comparison by purchasing organization

Scheduling efficiency (Days early or late) by purchasing organization.

Overview

Related Rapid Marts

Business function Types of analysis Measures available in the Rapid Mart

Purchase Order Analysis

Requisition Analysis Detailed Listing Requisition details including expected delivery

Vendor Performance ABC analysis Assign vendor ranking scores based on total

Cycle and lead time analysis

Organizational statistics

Price analysis Detailed pricing condition analysis and trending

Purchase order history

Purchase order status Purchase order status including open, blocked,

Top 10 Listing of top 10 purchase orders by material,

Summary Listing Value of Requisitions by Plant, or Company,

Ranked listing Rank vendors by price, order fulfillment, and

Calculation of elapsed times between purchase requisition, quotation, scheduled delivery , actual delivery, and goods receipt by material, vendor, and purchasing organization

Counts and values of Purchase Orders created by various entities in your Purchasing Organization, or by Vendor, or by Material Grouping

of pricing condition values for purchase orders. Summarized purchase order status by vendor,

material, and purchasing organization

received, and invoiced quantities by date

vendor, plant, and purchasing organization ranked by expenditure and volume

dates, values, and Processing Status.

Trending by Company and Quarter

order value

on-time delivery performance

To support these analyses the Rapid Mart contains a number of dimension tables; including material master data, plant, plant-specific material master data, storage location, vendor, condition types, currency, inforecords, payment terms, purchasing groups, and time-related dimensions such as fiscal period, calendar date, month, and quarter.

Related Rapid Marts

Components of the SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions are related to other SAP BusinessObjects Rapid Mart components, as follows:

SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide 19

Overview

Related Rapid Marts

• Material movement, physical inventory, stock valuation, and batch

information is included in the SAP BusinessObjects Inventory Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions.

• Accounts payable information related to purchase orders is included in

the Accounts Payable SAP BusinessObjects Accounts Payable Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions.

• Costing Detail for materials purchased are in the SAP BusinessObjects

Cost Center Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions.

• Production Orders, Planned Orders, and Reservations of materials

procured are in the SAP BusinessObjects Production Planning Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions.

• Sales Orders, Deliveries, and Backlog for materials procured are in the

SAP BusinessObjects Sales Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions.

Sharing Components

The same components can be used in multiple Rapid Marts. For example, a component that extracts information about materials bought, produced, and sold is needed for a Rapid Mart that supports sales analysis and also for a Rapid Mart that supports inventory analysis. Work flows that extract star schema “dimensions” are components. You can add a component to any Rapid Mart using a simple import procedure.

A Data Services job can include multiple instances of a component. For example, each section includes all the required dimension components. Therefore, a job with several sections may include several instances of a particular dimension component. Components are set to execute only once within a job. This “execute once” feature ensures that shared components do not cause duplicate data extraction from SAP solutions. For more information about the “execute once” feature, see the Data Integrator/Data Services Designer Guide.

Each of the sections listed in “What you can do with this Rapid Mart” on

page 16 are considered components. You can identify a component within a

Data Services job by a “C_” prefix before its name. For example, the component that contains material movements and the associated reporting dimensions is named C_MaterialMovement_Section.

20 SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide

Purchasing Rapid Mart schema

The following diagram shows an overview of the SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions components and their relationships. The tables in the center represent the various fact tables or subject areas in the Rapid Mart. Those on the sides are the associated dimensions. Those on the bottom are associated auxiliary, hierarchy or staging tables.

Overview

Purchasing Rapid Mart schema

SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide 21

Overview

Purchasing Rapid Mart schema

22 SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide

Where the Rapid Mart fits in the materials management process

Inventory & Material

Movements

Stock

Valuation

Production

Orders

Reservations

Master Data

Purchase

Requisitions

Schedule

Lines

Purchasing Documents

Purchasing

Production

Planning and

Inventory

Invoice

Verification

Pricing

Conditions

Where the Rapid Mart fits in the materials management process

You can combine the purchasing components contained in the SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions with inventory components from the Inventory Rapid Mart to create a comprehensive supply-side view of the SAP solutions materials management process. Purchasing, material movement, inventory, and master data components are shared across these Rapid Mart applications.

Overview

SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide 23

Overview

Where the Rapid Mart fits in the materials management process

24 SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide

Subject Areas

chapter

Subject Areas

Overview

Each section in the SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions pertains to a particular subject area. This chapter describes each section and the processes each section captures.

The information in this chapter is useful for readers who use the Rapid Mart to design and support a real-time system, such as a Web application, and need to understand the data in the Rapid Mart and how it relates to SAP solutions.

This chapter gives some background on the Purchasing Module (MM-PUR) in SAP solutions:

• Purchasing Module Overview

• Purchasing Module Organization

It then discusses each of the Rapid Mart Subject Areas (or sections):

• Purchase Requisition Section

• Purchase Document Section

• Purchase Pricing Section

• Purchase Schedule Line Section

• Invoice Receipt Section

• Purchase Document History Section

26 SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide

Purchasing Module Overview

Purchasing is a component of Materials Management (MM-PUR). The Materials Management (MM) module is fully integrated with the other modules of the SAP solutions System. It supports all the phases of materials management: materials planning and control, purchasing, goods receiving, inventory management, and invoice verification.

The tasks of the MM Purchasing component are as follows:

• External procurement of materials and services

• Determination of possible sources of supply for a requirement identified

by the materials planning and control system or arising directly within a user department

• Monitoring of deliveries from and payments to vendors

• Good communication between all participants in the procurement

process is necessary for Purchasing to function smoothly.

The typical procurement cycle for a service or material consists of the following phases:

• Determination of Requirements

Materials requirements are identified either in the user departments or via materials planning and control. (This can cover both MRP proper and the demand-based approach to inventory control. The regular checking of stock levels of materials defined by master records, use of the order-point method, and forecasting on the basis of past usage are important aspects of the latter .) You can enter purchase requisitions yourself, or they can be generated automatically by the materials planning and control system.

In the Rapid Mart, the Purchase Requisition Section covers this phase.

• Source Determination

The Purchasing component helps you identify potential sources of supply based on past orders and existing longer-term purchase agreements. This speeds the process of creating requests for quotation (RFQs), which can be sent to vendors electronically via EDI, if desired.

In the Rapid Mart, use analysis of Info-records (a dimension shared across several sections) to determine which vendors supply which materials.

Info-record is short for information record. The info-record contains concise information about a vendor and a material that Purchasing already procures from that vendor. An info record thus represents a material-vendor relationship.

Subject Areas

Purchasing Module Overview

SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide 27

Subject Areas

Purchasing Module Overview

The info-record indicates the units of measure in which materials are ordered from the vendor, and the applicable reminder levels. It also shows price changes affecting the material in question. This information can be useful in the process of evaluating quotations to determine the successful bidder.

Info records are created automatically when you order a material. You can also create, change, and delete info records yourself.

To store information on a vendor and a material as master data at purchasing organization or plant level; you can create Purchasing Info-records. These are also represented as a dimension in the Rapid Mart. They represent a finer level of granularity.

• Purchase Order Processing

The Purchasing system adopts information from the requisitions and the quotations to help you create a purchase order. As with purchase requisitions, you can generate these yourself or have the system generate them automatically. Vendor scheduling agreements and contracts (in the SAP solutions System, types of longer-term purchase agreement) are also supported.

In the Rapid Mart, the Purchase Document Section tracks the purchase orders as well as contracts, and scheduling agreements.

• Purchase Order Price Determination

When you create a purchase order or scheduling agreement, the system searches for valid conditions and inserts them into the new document (this is the process of price determination).

A buyer can enter further conditions in the purchase order - over and above those inserted by the system - and a new effective price results.

In the Rapid Mart the Purchase Pricing Section cross-references purchasing documents with the various pricing conditions assigned to them. This allows analysis of all aspects of the pricing procedures.

• Delivery Schedules

If delivery of the total purchase order quantity is to be spread out over a certain period according to a prearranged schedule, you can enter each desired delivery date in schedule lines (e.g. 20 pcs. on 5 May , another 20 pcs. on 6 May, and 60 pcs. on 10 May).

In the Rapid Mart, these delivery schedules are the Purchase Schedule Line

Section. You can analyze schedule lines to determine how your vendors are

performing to schedule, anticipate bottlenecks in material delivery. Use this information to identify critical material in short supply and expedite delivery.

• Invoice Verification

28 SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide

Subject Areas

Purchasing Module Overview

The SAP solutions system supports the checking and matching of invoices. The accounts payable clerk is notified of quantity and price variances because the system has access to PO and goods receipt data. This speeds the process of auditing and clearing invoices for payment.

In the SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions the Invoice Receipt Section allows you monitor invoices received. The Purchase Document History Section provides a complete document flow cross-referencing deliveries on the Purchasing Schedule Lines with Invoice Receipts.

Functionality similar to Invoice Verification is also available in the SAP BusinessObjects Accounts Payable Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions. in the Purchase Document Financial Section. For more details, consult the user guide for the SAP BusinessObjects Accounts Payable Rapid Mart, version for SAP solutions.

SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide 29

Subject Areas

Purchasing Module Organization

To better acquaint you with the fundamentals of how the Purchasing (MM-PUR) module is organized in SAP solutions, we will go through some of the fundamentals of how your business or enterprise can be organized in SAP solutions to facilitate your purchasing requirements. We will also cover key auxiliary data such as the Info-Record and Order Price History to show how they assist in giving a full picture of Purchasing functionality in SAP solutions.

Organizational Levels

The structure of an enterprise is represented in the SAP solutions System by the following organizational levels:

• Company code - This level represents an independent accounting unit

within a client. Each company code has its own balance sheet and its own profit and loss statement.

Example: a subsidiary company, member of a corporate group.

• Plant - An operational unit within a company code. This is typically a

logical or physical factory. Example: a production facility, or branch office.

• Purchasing organization - An organizational unit responsible for

procuring materials or services for one or more plants and for negotiating general conditions of purchase with vendors. The purchasing organization assumes legal responsibility for all external purchase transactions.

• Purchasing group - The purchasing organization is further subdivided

into purchasing groups (buyer groups or single buyers), which are responsible for day-to-day buying activities. A purchasing group can also act for several purchasing organizations.

Note: In the individual purchasing documents you are required to enter a

purchasing group and a purchasing organization. There is no explicit link in the SAP solutions system between these two organizational units.

Structure Assignments of Organizational Levels

• Plant – purchasing organization/company code

In the SAP solutions system, a plant must be assigned to one or more purchasing organizations. Furthermore, a plant must always be assigned to a company code.

30 SAP BusinessObjects Purchasing Rapid Mart XI 3.2 for SAP solutions User Guide

+ 411 hidden pages