SanDisk SDMB-16-470 - 16 MB MultiMedia Card, SDMB-32-470 - 32 MB MultiMedia Card, SDMB-16-771, SDMB-4, SDMB-8 Product Manual

...

MultiMediaCard

Product Manual

This manual covers the SanDisk MultiMediaCard which was developed by SanDisk’s Design Center located in Tefen, Israel. The MultiMediaCard supports version 1.4 of the MultiMediaCard Specification.

CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS

140 Caspian Court

Sunnyvale, CA 94089-1000

408-542-0500

FAX: 408-542-0503

URL: http://www.sandisk.com

SanDisk® Corporation general policy does not recommend the use of its products in life support applications where in a failure or malfunction of the product may directly threaten life or injury. Per SanDisk Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of SanDisk products in life support applications assumes all risk of such use and indemnifies SanDisk against all damages.

The information in this manual is subject to change without notice.

SanDisk Corporation shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein; nor for incidental or consequential damages resulting from the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

All parts of the SanDisk MultiMediaCard documentation are protected by copyright law and all rights are reserved. This documentation may not, in whole or in part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine readable form without prior consent, in writing, from SanDisk Corporation.

SanDisk and the SanDisk logo are registered trademarks of SanDisk Corporation.

Product names mentioned herein are for identification purposes only and may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

SanDisk products are covered or licensed under one or more of the following U.S. Patent Nos. 5,070,032; 5,095,344; 5,168,465; 5,172,338; 5,198,380; 5,200,959; 5,268,318; 5,268,870; 5,272,669; 5,418,752; 5,602,987. Other U.S. and foreign patents awarded and pending.

Lit. No. 80-13-00089 Rev 2 4/2000 Printed in U.S.A.

Revision History

• Revisions dated before 1/98—initial release and general changes.

• Revision dated 1/98—general editorial changes, manual reorganized, technical changes to reflect support of MultiMediaCard Specification version 1.3, new timing diagrams added. Pin 6 definition changed in SPI mode from SPI select to VSS2 (supply voltage ground).

• Revision dated 4/98— changes reflect support of MultiMediaCard Specification version 1.4, updated timing for Multiple Write with no Busy, updated SPI command class definition, added Error Protection section, changed operating temperature specification to -25° to 85°C.

• Revision dated 4/28/98—Updated C_SIZE and C_SIZE_MULT field definitions.

• Revision 1 dated 4/99—Added 32 MB MultiMediaCard, general technical and editorial changes, added power up section.

• Revision 2 dated 4/2000—Changed mechanical specification drawing, clarified system performance specifications, editorial changes.

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction to the MultiMediaCard ........................................................................................7

1.1 Scope...............................................................................................................................8

1.2 Product Models.................................................................................................................8

1.3 System Features...............................................................................................................8

1.4 MultiMediaCard Standard .............................................................................................. 9

1.5 Functional Description .....................................................................................................9

1.5.1 Flash Technology Independence............................................................................9

1.5.2 Defect and Error Management............................................................................... 9

1.5.3 Endurance .......................................................................................................... 10

1.5.4 Wear Leveling................................................................................................... 10

1.5.5 Using the Erase Command .................................................................................. 10

1.5.6 Automatic Sleep Mode ....................................................................................... 10

1.5.7 Hot Insertion...................................................................................................... 10

1.5.8 MultiMediaCard Mode ...................................................................................... 10

1.5.8.1 MultiMediaCard Standard Compliance............................................... 10

1.5.8.2 Negotiating Operation Conditions....................................................... 10

1.5.8.3 Card Acquisition and Identification..................................................... 11

1.5.8.4 Card Status......................................................................................... 11

1.5.8.5 Memory Array Partitioning................................................................. 12

1.5.8.6 Read and Write Operations................................................................. 13

1.5.8.7 Data Protection in the Flash Card....................................................... 14

1.5.8.8 Erase .................................................................................................. 14

1.5.8.9 Write Protection ................................................................................. 14

1.5.8.10 Copy Bit............................................................................................. 15

1.5.8.11 The CSD Register................................................................................ 15

1.5.9 SPI Mode ........................................................................................................... 15

1.5.9.1 Negotiating Operating Conditions....................................................... 15

1.5.9.2 Card Acquisition and Identification..................................................... 15

1.5.9.3 Card Status......................................................................................... 15

1.5.9.4 Memory Array Partitioning................................................................. 15

1.5.9.5 Read and Write Operations................................................................. 15

1.5.9.6 Data Transfer Rate ............................................................................. 15

1.5.9.7 Data Protection in the MultiMediaCard.............................................. 15

1.5.9.8 Erase .................................................................................................. 15

1.5.9.9 Write Protection ................................................................................. 15

2.0 Product Specifications ...........................................................................................................16

2.1 System Environmental Specifications ............................................................................. 16

2.2 System Power Requirements............................................................................................ 16

2.3 System Performance ....................................................................................................... 16

2.4 System Reliability and Maintenance.............................................................................. 17

2.5 Physical Specifications.................................................................................................. 17

3.0 Installation .............................................................................................................................18

3.1 Mounting........................................................................................................................ 18

4.0 MultiMediaCard Interface Description ..................................................................................19

4.1 Physical Description...................................................................................................... 19

4.1.1 Pin Assignments in MultiMediaCard Mode.......................................................... 19

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

Table of Contents (continued)

4.1.2 Pin Assignments in SPI Mode............................................................................... 19

4.2 MultiMediaCard Bus Topology....................................................................................... 19

4.2.1 Power Protection ................................................................................................ 20

4.2.2 Programmable Card Output Driver..................................................................... 20

4.3 SPI Bus Topology............................................................................................................ 21

4.3.1 Power Protection ................................................................................................ 22

4.4 Electrical Interface ........................................................................................................ 22

4.4.1 Power-up ........................................................................................................... 22

4.4.2 Bus Operating Conditions................................................................................... 23

4.4.3 Bus Signal Levels............................................................................................... 24

4.4.4 Open-Drain Mode Bus Signal Level .................................................................... 25

4.4.5 Push-Pull Mode Bus Signal Level........................................................................ 25

4.4.6 Bus Timing ......................................................................................................... 25

4.5 MultiMediaCard Registers............................................................................................. 26

4.5.1 Operating Conditions Register (OCR)................................................................. 26

4.5.2 DSR Register ..................................................................................................... 27

4.5.3 Card Identification (CID) Register..................................................................... 28

4.5.4 CSD Register ..................................................................................................... 28

4.5.5 Status Register................................................................................................... 35

4.5.6 RCA Register..................................................................................................... 37

4.5.7 MultiMediaCard Registers in SPI Mode.............................................................. 37

5.0 MultiMediaCard Protocol Description...................................................................................38

5.1 General.......................................................................................................................... 38

5.2 Card Identification Mode ............................................................................................... 39

5.2.1 Reset ................................................................................................................. 39

5.2.2 Operating Voltage Range Validation................................................................. 40

5.2.3 Card Identifcation Process.................................................................................. 40

5.3 Data Transfer Mode ....................................................................................................... 41

5.3.1 Data Read Format ............................................................................................. 42

5.3.2 Data Write Format............................................................................................ 43

5.4 Clock Control................................................................................................................. 45

5.5 Cyclic Redundancy Codes (CRC)..................................................................................... 45

5.6 Error Conditions............................................................................................................. 47

5.6.1 CRC and Illegal Command ................................................................................. 47

5.6.2 Read, Write and Erase Time-out Conditions........................................................ 47

5.7 Commands ..................................................................................................................... 47

5.7.1 Command Types ................................................................................................. 47

5.7.2 Command Format ............................................................................................... 48

5.7.3 Command Classes............................................................................................... 48

5.7.4 Detailed Command Description.......................................................................... 49

5.8 Card State Transition Table ........................................................................................... 53

5.9 Responses....................................................................................................................... 54

5.10 Timings.......................................................................................................................... 56

5.10.1 Command and Response...................................................................................... 56

5.10.2 Data Read......................................................................................................... 57

5.10.3 Data Write........................................................................................................ 58

5.10.4 Timing Values.................................................................................................... 60

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

Table of Contents (continued)

6.0 SPI Protocol Definition .........................................................................................................61

6.1 SPI Bus Protocol ............................................................................................................. 61

6.1.1 Mode Selection................................................................................................... 61

6.1.2 Bus Transfer Protection....................................................................................... 62

6.1.3 Data Read......................................................................................................... 62

6.1.4 Data Write........................................................................................................ 63

6.1.5 Erase & Write Protect Management .................................................................... 63

6.1.6 Read CID/CSD Registers ................................................................................... 64

6.1.7 Reset Sequence ................................................................................................... 64

6.1.8 Clock Control..................................................................................................... 64

6.1.9 Error Conditions ................................................................................................. 64

6.1.9.1 CRC and Illegal Command .................................................................. 64

6.1.9.2 Read, Write and Time-out Conditions.................................................. 64

6.1.10 Memory Array Partitioning................................................................................ 65

6.2 SPI Command Set........................................................................................................... 65

6.2.1 Command Format ............................................................................................... 65

6.2.1.1 Detailed Command Description........................................................... 66

6.2.2 Responses........................................................................................................... 68

6.2.2.1 Format R1........................................................................................... 68

6.2.2.2 Format R1b ......................................................................................... 68

6.2.2.3 Format R2........................................................................................... 69

6.2.2.4 Data Response .................................................................................... 69

6.2.3 Data Tokens....................................................................................................... 70

6.2.4 Data Error Token................................................................................................ 70

6.3 Card Registers ............................................................................................................... 70

6.4 SPI Bus Timing Diagrams ............................................................................................... 71

6.4.1 Command/Response ........................................................................................... 71

6.4.2 Data Read......................................................................................................... 72

6.4.2.1 Data Write......................................................................................... 72

6.4.3 Timing Values.................................................................................................... 72

6.5 SPI Electrical Interface .................................................................................................. 73

6.6 SPI Bus Operating Conditions......................................................................................... 73

6.7 Bus Timing ..................................................................................................................... 73

Ordering Information and Technical Support .................................................................................75

Ordering Information .............................................................................................................. 77

MultiMediaCard ........................................................................................................... 77

Technical Support Services...................................................................................................... 78

Direct SanDisk Technical Support.................................................................................. 78

SanDisk Worldwide Web Site........................................................................................ 78

SanDisk Sales Offices....................................................................................................................79

Limited Warranty............................................................................................................................83

Appendix MultiMediaCard Connectors.........................................................................................85

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

1.0 Introduction to the MultiMediaCard

The SanDisk MultiMediaCard is a very small, removable flash storage device, designed specifically for storage applications that put a premium on small form factor, low power and low cost. Flash is the ideal storage medium for portable, battery-powered devices. It features low power consumption and is non-volatile, requiring no power to maintain the stored data. It also has a wide operating range for temperature, shock and vibration.

The MultiMediaCard is well suited to meet the needs of small, low power, electronic devices. With a form factor of 32mm by 24mm and 1.4mm thick, MultiMediaCards are expected to be used in a wide variety of portable devices like mobile phones, pagers and voice recorders. This ultrasmall form factor is part of a new, emerging, proposed open standard.

To support this wide range of applications, the MultiMediaCard protocol, a high performance seven pin serial interface, is designed for maximum scalability and configurability. A l l

device and interface configuration data (such as maximum frequency, card identification, etc.) are stored on the card.

The MultiMediaCard interface allows for easy integration into any design, regardless of microprocessor used. For compatibility with existing controllers, the MultiMediaCard offers, in addition to the MultiMediaCard interface, an alternate communication protocol which is based on the SPI standard.

The MultiMediaCard provides up to 32 million bytes of memory using SanDisk Flash memory chips which were designed by SanDisk especially for use in mass storage applications. In addition to the mass storage specific flash memory chip, the MultiMediaCard includes an on-card intelligent controller which manages interface protocols and data storage and retrieval, as well as Error Correction Code (ECC) algorithms, defect handling and diagnostics, power management and clock control.

SanDisk

Single

MultiMediaCard/SPI

Interface

Figure 1-1 MultiMediaCard Block Diagram

Chip

Controller

SanDisk MultiMediaCard

Data

In/Out

Control

SanDisk

Flash

Modules

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

1.1 Scope

This document describes the key features and specifications of the MultiMediaCard, as well as

1.2 Product Models

The MultiMediaCard is available in the

capacities shown in the following table: the information required to interface this product to a host system.

Table 1-1 MultiMediaCard Capacities

Model No. Capacities

SDMB-4 4.0 MB

SDMB-8 8.0 MB

SDMB-16 16.0 MB

SDMB-32 32.1 MB

1.3 System Features

• Up to 32 Mbytes of data storage

• MultiMediaCard protocol compatible

• Supports SPI Mode

• Targeted for portable and stationary applications

• Voltage range — Communication: 2.0 - 3.6V, Memory Access: 2.7 - 3.6V

• Maximum data rate with up to 10 cards

• Correction of memory field errors

• Built-in write protection features (permanent and temporary)

• Comfortable erase mechanism

• Variable clock rate 0 - 20 Mhz

• Multiple cards stackable on a single physical bus

The performance of the communication channel is described in the table below:

Table 1-2 MultiMediaCard/SPI Comparison

MultiMediaCard SP I

Three-wire serial data bus (Clock, command, data) Three-wire serial data bus (Clock, dataIn, dataOut)

Up to 64k cards addressable by the bus protocol Card selection via a hardware CS signal

Easy card identification Not available

Error-protected data transfer Optional. A non protected data transfer mode is

Sequential and single/multiple block oriented data transfer

+ card specific CS signal.

available.

Single block read/write

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

1.4 MultiMediaCard Standard

MultiMediaCards are fully compatible with t he MultiMediaCard standard specification listed below:

The MultiMediaCard System Specification Version 1.4

This specification may be obtained from:

MultiMediaCard Association 19672 Stevens Creek Blvd., Suite 404 Cupertino, CA 95014-2465 USA Phone: 408-253-0441 Fax: 408-253-8811 Email: prophet2@mmca.org http://www.mmca.org

1.5 Functional Description

SanDisk MultiMediaCards contain a high level, intelligent subsystem as shown in the block diagram, Figure 1-1. This intelligent (microprocessor) subsystem provides many capabilities not found in other types of memory cards. These capabilities include:

1. Host independence from details of erasing and programming flash memory.

2. Sophisticated system for managing defects (analogous to systems found in magnetic disk drives).

3. Sophisticated system for error recovery including a powerful error correction code (ECC).

4. Power management for low power operation.

1.5.1 Flash Technology Independence

The 512 byte sector size of the MultiMediaCard is the same as that in an IDE magnetic disk drive. To write or read a sector (or multiple sectors), t he host computer software simply issues a Read or Write command to the MultiMediaCard. This command contains the address. The host software then waits for the command to complete. The host software does not get involved in the details of how the flash memory is erased, programmed or read. This is extremely important as flash devices are expected to get more and more complex in th e future. Because the MultiMediaCard uses an

intelligent on-board controller, the host system software will not require changing as new flash memory evolves. In other words, systems that support the MultiMediaCard today will be able to access future SanDisk MultiMediaCards built with new flash technology without having to update or change host software.

1.5.2 Defect and Error Management

MultiMediaCards contain a sophisticated defect and error management system. This system is analogous to the systems found in magnetic disk drives and in many cases offers enhancements. For instance, disk drives do not typically perform a read after write to confirm the data is written correctly because of the performance penalty that would be incurred. MultiMediaCards do a read after write under margin conditions to verify that the data is written correctly. In the rare case that a bit is found to be defective, MultiMediaCards replace this bad bit with a spare bit within the sector header. If necessary, MultiMediaCards will even replace the entire sector with a spare sector. This is completely transparent to the host and does not consume any user data space.

The MultiMediaCard’s soft error rate specification is much better than the magnetic disk drive specification. In the extremely rare case a read error does occur, MultiMediaCards have innovative algorithms to recover the data. This is similar to using retries on a disk drive but is much more sophisticated. The last line of defense is to employ a powerful ECC to correct t h e data. If ECC is used to recover data, defective bits are replaced with spare bits to ensure they do not cause any future problems.

These defect and error management systems coupled with the solid-state construction give MultiMediaCards unparalleled reliability.

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

1.5.3 Endurance

SanDisk MultiMediaCards have an endurance specification for each sector of 300,000 writes (reading a logical sector is unlimited). This is far beyond what is needed in nearly all applications of MultiMediaCards. Even very heavy use of t h e MultiMediaCard in cellular phones, personal communicators, pagers and voice recorders will use only a fraction of the total endurance over t h e typical device’s five year lifetime. For instance, it would take over 34 years to wear out an area on the MultiMediaCard on which a file of any size (from 512 bytes to capacity) was rewritten 3 times per hour, 8 hours a day, 365 days per year.

With typical applications the endurance limit is not of any practical concern to the vast majority of users.

1.5.4 Wear Leveling

When the host is ready to access t h e MultiMediaCard and it is in sleep mode, any command issued to the MultiMediaCard will cause it to exit sleep and respond.

1.5.7 Hot Insertion

Support for hot insertion will be required on th e host but will be supported through the connector. Connector manufacturers will provide connectors that have power pins long enough to be powered before contact is made with the other pins. Please see connector data sheets for more details. This approach is similar to that used in PCMCIA to allow for hot insertion. This applies to both MultiMediaCard and SPI modes.

1.5.8 MultiMediaCard Mode

1.5.8.1 MultiMediaCard Standard Compliance

SanDisk MultiMediaCards do not require or perform a Wear Level operation.

1.5.5 Using the Erase Command

The Erase (sector or group) command provides t he capability to substantially increase the write performance of the MultiMediaCard. Once a sector has been erased using the Erase command, a write to that sector will be much faster. This is because a normal write operation includes a separate sector erase prior to write.

1.5.6 Automatic Sleep Mode

A unique feature of the SanDisk MultiMediaCard (and other SanDisk products) is automatic entrance and exit from sleep mode. Upon completion of an operation, the MultiMediaCard will enter the sleep mode to conserve power if no further commands are received within 5 msec. Th e host does not have to take any action for this to occur. In most systems, the MultiMediaCard is in sleep mode except when the host is accessing i t , thus conserving power.

The MultiMediaCard is fully compliant with MultiMediaCard Standard Specification V1.4. The structure of the Card Specific Data (CSD) register is compliant with CSD structure V1.4.

1.5.8.2 Negotiating Operation Conditions

The MultiMediaCard supports the operation condition verification sequence defined in th e MultiMediaCard standard specifications. Should the MultiMediaCard host define an operating voltage range which is not supported by the MultiMediaCard it will put itself in an inactive state and ignore any bus communication. The only way to get the card out of the inactive state is by powering it down and up again.

In Addition the host can explicitly send the card to the inactive state by using t h e GO_INACTIVE_STATE command.

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

1.5.8.3 Card Acquisition and Identification

The MultiMediaCard bus is a single master (MultiMediaCard host) and multi-slaves (cards) bus. The host can query the bus and find out how many cards of which type are currently connected. The MultiMediaCard’s CID register is preprogrammed with a unique card identification number which is used during the acquisition and identification procedure.

In addition, the MultiMediaCard host can read the card’s CID register using the READ_CID MultiMediaCard command. The CID register is

programmed during the MultiMediaCard testing and formatting procedure, on the manufacturing floor. The MultiMediaCard host can only read this register and not write to it.

1.5.8.4 Card Status

MultiMediaCard status is stored in a 32 bit status register which is sent as the data field in the card respond to host commands. Status register provides information about the card’s current state and completion codes for the last host command.

The card status can be explicitly read (polled) with the SEND_STATUS command.

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

1.5.8.5 Memory Array Partitioning

Although the MultiMediaCard memory space is byte addressable with addresses ranging from 0 to the last byte, it is not a simple byte array but divided into several structures.

Memory bytes are grouped into 512 byte blocks called sectors. Every block can be read, written and erased individually.

Sectors are grouped into erase groups of 16 or 32 sectors depending on card size. Any combination of sectors within one group or, any combination of erase groups can be erased in a single erase command. A write command implicitly erases th e memory before writing new data into it. Explicit

WP Group 2

WP Group 1

Erase Group

erase command can be used for pre-erasing of memory which will speed up the next write operation.

Erase groups are grouped into Write Protect Groups (WPG) of 32 erase groups. The write/erase access to each WPG can be limited individually. A diagram of the memory structure hierarchy is shown in Figure 1-2.

The number of various memory structures, for th e different MultiMediaCards are summarized in Table 1-3. The last (highest in address) WPG will be smaller and contain less than 32 erase groups.

Sector

Erase Group

Write Protect Group 0

Erase Group 0

Sector 1: Bytes 512 - 1,023

Sector

Sector 0: Bytes 0 - 511

Figure 1-3 Memory Array Partitioning

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

Table 1-3 Memory Array Structures Summary

Structure SDMB-4 SDMB-8 SDMB-16 SDMB-32

Bytes 4.03 MB 8.03 MB 16.06 MB 32.11 MB

Sector 7,872 15,680 31,360 62,720

Erase Group

Size [sectors]

16 16 32 32

# of Erase

Groups

Write Protect

Group Size

[erase groups]

# of Write

Protect Goups

Note: All measurements are in units per card.

492 980 980 1,960

32 32 32 32

16 31 31 62

1.5.8.6 Read and Write Operations

Memory

Sectors

Memory

Sectors

Start

Address

Memory

Sectors

Write Read

Stream Mode

Memory

Sectors

Transmission

Multiple Block Mode

Memory

Sectors

Stop

Start

Memory

Sectors

Memory

Sectors

Stop

Memory

Sectors

Memory

Sectors

Memory

Sectors

Start

Address

Single Block Mode

Memory

Sectors

Start

Address

(Read)

Memory

Sectors

Memory

Sectors

Memory

Sectors

Write Read

Memory

Sectors

Start

Address

(Write)

Stop

Memory

Sectors

Start

Memory

Sectors

Memory

Sectors

Misalignment Error

Memory

Sectors

Start

Address

Memory

Sectors

Stop

Memory

Sectors

Figure 1-3 Data Transfer Formats

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

The MultiMediaCard supports three read/write modes as shown in the above figure.

Stream Mode

In stream mode the host reads or writes continues stream of data. The starting address is specified in the read/write command and the operation ends when the host sends a stop transmission command.

In this mode there is no validity check on th e transferred data.

The start address for a read operation can be any random byte address in the valid address space of the memory card. For a write operation, the start address must be sector aligned and the data length must be an integer multiplication of the sector length.

Single Block Mode

In this mode the host reads or writes one data block in a pre-specified length. The data block transmission is protected with 16 bit CRC which is generated by the sending unit and checked by the receiving unit.

The block length, for read operations, is limited by the device sector size (512 bytes) but can be as small as a single byte. Misalignment is not allowed. Every data block must be contained in a single physical sector.

The block length for write operations must be identical to the sector size and the start address aligned to a sector boundary.

Multiple Block Mode

This mode is similar to the single block mode, but the host can read/write multiple data blocks (all have the same length) which will be stored or retrieved from contiguous memory addresses starting at the address specified in the command.

The operation is terminated with a stop transmission command.

Misalignment and block length restrictions apply to multiple blocks as well and are identical to t he single block read/write operations.

1.5.8.7 Data Protection in the Flash Card

1.5.8.8 Erase

The smallest erasable unit in th e MultiMediaCard is a sector. In order to speed up the erase procedure, multiple sectors can be erased in the same time. The erase operation is divided into two stages:

Tagging - Selecting the Sectors for Erasing

To facilitate selection, a first command with t he starting address is followed by a second command with the final address, and all sectors within this range will be selected for erase. After a range is selected, individual sectors (or groups) within that range can be removed using the UNTAG command.

Erasing - Starting the Erase Process

The sectors are grouped into erase groups of 16 or 32 sectors. Tagging can address sectors or erase groups. Either an arbitrary set of sectors within a single erase group, or an arbitrary selection of erase groups may be erased at one time, but not both together. That is, the unit of measure for determining an erase is either a sector or an erase group, but if a sector, all selected sectors must l i e within the same erase group. Tagging and erasing sectors must follow a strict command sequence.

1.5.8.9 Write Protection

The MultiMediaCard erase groups are grouped into write protection groups. Commands a re provided for limiting and enabling write and erase privileges for each group individually. The current write protect map can be read using t h e SEND_WRITE_PROT command.

In addition two, permanent and temporary, card level write protection options are available. Both can be set using the PROGRAM_CSD command (see below). The permanent write protect bit, once set, cannot be cleared. This feature is implemented in the MultiMediaCard controller firmware and not with a physical OTP cell.

Every sector is protected with an Error Correction Code (ECC). The ECC is generated (in the memory card) when the sectors are written and validated when the data is read. If defects are found, th e data is corrected prior to transmission to the host.

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

1.5.8.10 Copy Bit

The content of a MultiMediaCard can be marked as an original or a copy using the copy bit in th e CSD register. Once the Copy bit is set (marked as a copy) it cannot be cleared. The Copy bit of the MultiMediaCard is programmed (during test and formatting on the manufacturing floor) as a copy. The MultiMediaCard can be purchased with th e copy bit set (copy) or cleared, indicating the card is a master. This feature is implemented in t he MultiMediaCard controller firmware and not with a physical OTP cell.

1.5.8.11 The CSD Register

All the configuration information of the MultiMediaCard is stored in the CSD register. The MSB bytes of the register contain manufacturer data and the two least significant bytes contain the host controlled data—the card Copy and write protection and the user ECC register.

1.5.9.2 Card Acquisition and Identification

The card acquisition and identification function of the MultiMediaCard bus is not supported in S PI mode. The host must know the number of cards currently connected on the bus. Specific card selection is done via the CS signal.

1.5.9.3 Card Status

In SPI mode only 16 bits (containing the errors relevant to SPI mode) can be read out of t h e MultiMediaCard status register.

1.5.9.4 Memory Array Partitioning

Memory partitioning in SPI mode is equivalent to MultiMediaCard mode. All read and write commands are byte addressable.

1.5.9.5 Read and Write Operations

The host can read the CSD register and alter the host controlled data bytes using the SEND_CSD and PROGRAM_CSD commands.

1.5.9 SPI Mode

The SPI mode is a secondary communication protocol for MultiMediaCards. This mode is a subset of the MultiMediaCard protocol, designed to communicate with an SPI channel, commonly found in Motorola’s (and lately a few other vendors’) microcontrollers.

1.5.9.1 Negotiating Operating Conditions

The operating condition negotiation function of the MultiMediaCard bus is not supported in S PI mode. The host must work within the valid voltage range (2.7 to 3.6) volts of the card.

In SPI mode, only single block read/write mode i s supported.

1.5.9.6 Data Transfer Rate

Same as for the MultiMediaCard mode when the card is operating in single block read/write mode.

1.5.9.7 Data Protection in the MultiMediaCard

Same as for the MultiMediaCard mode.

1.5.9.8 Erase

Same as in MultiMediaCard mode.

1.5.9.9 Write Protection

Same as in MultiMediaCard mode.

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

2.0 Product Specifications

For all the following specifications, values are defined at ambient temperature and nominal supply voltage unless otherwise stated.

2.1 System Environmental Specifications

Temperature Operating:

Humidity Operating:

Acoustic Noise: 0 dB

Vibration Operating:

Shock Operating:

Altitude (relative to sea level) Operating:

Non-Operating:

2.2 Typical System Power Requirements

Operation @ 3.3 V @ 2.7 V

Read: Write:

Sleep:

<33 mA <35 mA

50 µA (typical)

150 µA (maximum)

40 µA(typical)

120 µA (maximum)

-25° C to 85° C

-40° C to 85° C

8% to 95%, non-condensing 8% to 95%, non-condensing

15 G peak to peak max. 15 G peak to peak max.

1,000 G max. 1,000 G max.

80,000 feet max. 80,000 feet max.

<23 mA <27 mA

2.3 System Performance

Block Read Access Time 1.5 msec 15 msec

CMD1 to Ready

(after power up)

Sleep to Ready 1 msec 2 msec

Notes: All values quoted are under the following conditions:

a) Voltage range: 2.7 V to 3.6 V. b) Temperature range: -25° C to 85° C. c) Are independent of the MultiMediaCard clock frequency.

Typical Maximum

50 msec 500 msec

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

2.4 System Reliability and Maintenance

MTBF > 1,000,000 hours

Preventive Maintenance None

Data Reliability < 1 non-recoverable error in 1014 bits read

Endurance 300,000 write/erase cycles

2.5 Physical Specifications

Refer to the following table and to Figure 2-1 for MultiMediaCard physical specifications and dimensions.

Weight 1.5 g. maximum

Length: 32mm ± 0.1mm

Width: 24mm ± 0.08mm

Thickness: 1.4mm ± 0.1mm

5.60 max.

8.10 max.

10.60 max.

13.10 max.

15.60 max.

18.10 max.

0.00

3.10 max.

4.65 min.

7.15 min.

9.65 min.

12.15 min.

14.65 min.

17.15 min.

19.65 min.

4.5 min.

1.2 max.

4.0 ± 0.1

2 x R0.5 ± 0.1

0.2

1.4 ± 0.1

32.0 ± 0.1

24.00 ± 0.08

3 x R1.0 ± 0.1

All dimensions are in millimeters.

Figure 2-1 MultiMediaCard Dimensions

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

3.0 Installation

3.1 Mounting

The MultiMediaCard can be installed in any platform that has a MultiMediaCard slot and complies with the MultiMediaCard Standard.

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

4.0 MultiMediaCard Interface Description

4.1 Physical Description

The MultiMediaCard has seven exposed contacts on one side. (See Figure 2-1.) The host is connected to the MultiMediaCard using a seven pin connector as shown in the Appendix at the end of this manual.

4.1.1 Pin Assignments in MultiMediaCard Mode

Table 4-1 MultiMediaCard Pad Definition

Pin # Name Type* MultiMediaCard Description

1 RSV NC Not Connected or Always ‘1’

2 CMD I/O/PP/OD Command/Response

3 VSS1 S Supply voltage ground

4 VDD S Supply voltage

5 CLK I Clock

6 VSS2 S Supply voltage ground

7 DAT[0] I/O/PP Data 0

*Note: S=power supply; I=input; O=output; PP=push-pull; OD=open-drain; NC=not connected.

4.1.2 Pin Assignments in SPI Mode

Table 4-2 SPI Pad Definition

Pin # Name Type* SPI Description

1 CS I Chip Select (Active low)

2 DataIn I Host to Card Commands and Data

3 VSS1 S Supply Voltage Ground

4 VDD S Supply Voltage

5 CLK I Clock

6 VSS2 S Supply Voltage Ground

7 DataOut O Card to Host Data and Status

*Note: S=power supply; I=input; O=output.

4.2 MultiMediaCard Bus Topology

The MultiMediaCard bus has three communication lines and four supply lines:

• CMD: Command is a bi-directional signal. Host and card drivers are operating in two modes, open drain and push pull.

• DAT: Data is a bi-directional signal. Host and card drivers are operating in push pull mode.

• CLK: Clock is a host to card signal. CLK operates in push pull mode.

• VDD: VDD is the power supply line for all cards.

• VSS[1:2]: VSS are two ground lines.

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

MultiMediaCard

Host

= max (C , C , C )

BUS

DAT

Figure 4-1 Bus Circuitry Diagram

The ROD is switched on and off by the host synchronously to the open-drain and push-pull mode transitions. R

and R

DAT

are pull-up

CMD

resistors protecting the CMD and the DAT line against bus floating when no card is inserted or when all card drivers are in a hi-impedance mode.

CMD

DAT

CLK

C1C2C

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

MultiMediaCard

4.2.1 Power Protection

Cards can be inserted/removed into/from the bus without damage. If one of the supply pins (V VSS) is not connected properly, then the current is drawn through a data line to supply the card.

A constant current source can replace the ROD in order to achieve a better performance (constant slopes for the signal rising and falling edges). If the host does not allow the switchable R implementation, a fix R

can be used.

CMD

Consequently the maximum operating frequency in the open drain mode has to be reduced in this case.

Hot Insertion/Removal

Hot insertion and removal are allowed. The SanDisk MultiMediaCard will not be damaged by inserting or removing it into the MultiMediaCard bus even when the power is up.

• The inserted card will be properly reset also when CLK carries a clock frequency fPP.

• Data transfer failures induced by removal/insertion should be detected by the bus master using the CRC codes which suffix every bus transaction.

Every cards output must also be able to withstand short cuts to either supply.

If the hot insertion feature is implemented in the host, the host has to withstand a shortcut between V

and V

without damage.

4.2.2 Programmable Card Output Driver

This option, defined in chapter 6 of th e MultiMediaCard standard, is not implemented in the SanDisk MultiMediaCard.

4.3 SPI Bus Topology

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

The MultiMediaCard SPI interface is compatible with SPI hosts available on the market. As any other SPI device the MultiMediaCard SPI channel consists of the following 4 signals:

• CS: Host to card Chip Select signal.

• CLK: Host to card clock signal

• DataIn: Host to card data signal.

• DataOut: Card to host data signal.

Another SPI common characteristic, which is implemented in the MultiMediaCard as well, is byte transfers. All data tokens are multiples of 8 bit bytes and always byte aligned to the CS signal.

The SPI standard defines the physical link only and not the complete data transfer protocol. The MultiMediaCard uses a subset of t h e MultiMediaCard protocol and command set.

Power Supply

The MultiMediaCard identification and addressing algorithms are replaced by a hardware Chip Select (CS) signal. There are no broadcast commands. A card (slave) is selected, for every command, by asserting (active low) t h e CS signal (see Figure 4-2).

The CS signal must be continuously active for th e duration of the SPI transaction (command, response and data). The only exception is card programming time. At this time the host can deassert the CS signal without affecting t he programming process.

The bidirectional CMD and DAT lines are replaced by unidirectional dataIn and dataOut signals. This eliminates the ability of executing commands while data is being read or written and, therefore, eliminates the sequential and multi block read/write operations. Only single block read/write is supported by the SPI channel.

SPI Bus Master

CS CS

SPI Bus (CLK, DataIN, DataOut)

SPI Card

Figure 4-2 MultiMediaCard Bus System

SPI Card

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

4.3.1 Power Protection

Same as for MultiMediaCard mode.

4.4 Electrical Interface

4.4.1 Power-up

The power up of the MultiMediaCard bus is handled locally in each MultiMediaCard and in the bus master.

After power-up (including hot insertion, that is, inserting a card when the bus i s operating), th e MultiMediaCard enters the Idle State. During this state, the MultiMediaCard ignores all bus transactions until CMD1 is received.

CMD1 is a special synchronization command used to negotiate the operation voltage range and to poll the cards until they are out of their power-up

Figure 4-3 Power-up Diagram

sequence. Besides the operation voltage profile of the cards, the response to CMD1 contains a busy flag, indicating that the card is still working on its power-up procedure and is not ready for identification. This bit informs the host that a t least one card is not ready. The host has to wait (and continue to poll the cards) until this bit is cleared.

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

Getting individual cards, as well as the whole MultiMediaCard system, out of Idle State is up to the responsibility of the bus master. Since t he power-up time and the supply ramp up time depend on application parameters such as th e maximum number of MultiMediaCards, the bus length and the power supply unit, the host must ensure that the power is built up to the operating level (the same level which will be specified in

After power-up, the host starts the clock and sends the initializing sequence on the CMD line. This sequence is a contiguous stream of logical ones. The sequence length is the maximum of one msec, 74 clocks or the supply ramp up time. The additional ten clocks (beyond the 64 clocks after which the card should be ready for communication) are provided to eliminate powerup synchronization problems.

CMD1) before CMD1 is transmitted.

4.4.2 Bus Operating Conditions

SPI Mode bus operating conditions are identical to MultiMediaCard Mode bus operating conditions. The CS (chip select) signal timing is identical to the input signal timing. (See Figure 4-5.)

General

Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Unit Remark

Peak voltage on all lines -0.5 3.6 V

All Inputs

Input Leakage Current -10 10

µA

All Outputs

Output Leakage Current -10 10

µA

Power supply voltage

Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Unit Remark Supply voltage V Supply voltage differentials (V

SS1

, V

) -0.5 0.5 V

SS2

2.0 3.6 V

The current consumption of any card during the power-up procedure must not exceed 10 mA.

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

Bus Signal Line Load

The total capacitance CL of each line of the MultiMediaCard bus is the sum of the bus master capacitance CHOST, the bus capacitance CBUS itself and the capacitance CCARD of each card connected to this line:

CL = CHOST + CBUS + N∗CCARD

where N is the number of connected cards. Requiring the sum of the host and bus capacitances not to exceed 30 pF for up to 10 cards, and 40 pF for up to 30 cards, the following values must not be exceeded:

Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Unit Remark

Pull-up resistance RCMD

RDAT

Bus signal line capacitance CL 250 pF

50 100

kΩ

To prevent bus floating

fPP # 5 MHz,

30 cards

Bus signal line capacitance CL 100 pF

Single card capacitance CCARD 7 pF

Maximum signal line inductance 16 nH

4.4.3 Bus Signal Levels

As the bus can be supplied with a variable supply voltage, all signal levels are related to the supply voltage.

Input High Level

Input Low Level

Undefined

AAAAAAA

fPP # 20 MHz,

10 cards

fPP # 20 MHz

Output High Level

Output Low Level

Figure 4-4 Bus Signal Levels

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

4.4.4 Open-Drain Mode Bus Signal Level

Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Unit Conditions

Output HIGH voltage VOH

DD-0.2

Output LOW voltage 0.3 V IOL = 2 mA

The input levels are identical with the push-pull mode bus signal levels.

4.4.5 Push-pull Mode Bus Signal Level

To meet the requirements of the JEDEC specification JESD8-1A, the card input and output voltages shall be within the following specified ranges for any VDD of the allowed voltage range:

Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Unit Conditions

Output HIGH voltage VOH

Output LOW voltage VOL

Input HIGH voltage VIH

0.75∗VDD

0.625∗VDD

0.125∗VDD

VDD + 0.3 V

IOH = -100 µA

IOH=-100 µA @V

(min.)

IOL=100 µA @V

(min.)

Input LOW voltage VIL VSS-0.3

4.4.6 Bus Timing

Clock

Input

Output

Note: Data in the shaded areas is not valid.

0.25∗VDD

THL

TLH

ISU

OSU

Figure 4-5 Timing Diagram Data Input/Output Referenced to Clock

MultiMediaCard Product Manual

Table 4-3 Bus Timing

Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Unit Remark Clock CLK (All values are referred to min. (VIH) and max. (VIL) Clock Frequency Data Transfer Mode

(PP)

0 20 MHz CL ≤ 100 pF

(10 cards)

Clock Frequency Identification Mode (OD)

Clock Low Time t

Clock High Time t

Clock Rise Time t

Clock Fall Time t

Clock Low Time t

Clock High Time t

Clock Rise Time t

Clock Fall Time t

Inputs CMD, DAT (referenced to CLK) Input set-up time t Input hold time t Outputs CMD, DAT (referenced to CLK) Output set-up time t Output hold time t

TLH

THL

TLH

THL

ISU

OSU

0 400 kHz CL ≤ 250 pF

(30 cards)

10 ns CL ≤ 100 pF

(10 cards)

10 ns CL ≤ 100 pF

(10 cards)

10 ns CL ≤ 100 pF

(10 cards)

10 ns CL ≤ 100 pF

(10 cards)

50 ns CL ≤ 250 pF

(30 cards)

50 ns CL ≤ 250 pF

(30 cards)

50 ns CL ≤ 250 pF

(30 cards)

50 ns CL ≤ 250 pF

(30 cards)

3ns

5ns

4.5 MultiMediaCard Registers

There is a set of six registers within the card interface. The OCR, CID and CSD registers carry the card configuration information. The RCA register holds the card relative communication address for th e current session. The DSR register is not implemented in the SanDisk MultiMediaCard.

4.5.1 Operating Conditions Register (OCR)

The 32-bit operation conditions register stores the VDD voltage profile of the card. The MultiMediaCard is capable of executing the voltage recognition procedure (CMD1) with any standard MultiMediaCard host using operating voltages form 2 to 3.6 Volts.

Accessing the data in the memory array, however, requires 2.7 to 3.6 Volts. The OCR shows the voltage range in which the card data can be accessed. The structure of the OCR register is described in Table 4-4.

+ 60 hidden pages

SanDisk SDMB-16-470 - 16 MB MultiMedia Card, SDMB-32-470 - 32 MB MultiMedia Card, SDMB-16-771, SDMB-4, SDMB-8 Product Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

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