sandisk SDMB-16, SDMB-32, SDMJ-64, SDMJ-128 User guide

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SanDisk® Corporation general policy does not recommend the use of its products in life support applications where in a failure or malfunction of the product may directly threaten life or injury. Per SanDisk Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of SanDisk products in life support applications assumes all risk of such use and indemnifies SanDisk against all damages.

The information in this manual is subject to change without notice.

SanDisk Corporation shall not be li able for technical or editorial errors or omiss ions contained herein; nor for inc idental or consequential damages resulting from the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

All parts of the SanDisk M ultiMediaCard documentation are protected by copyright law and all rights are reserved. This documentation may not, in whole or in part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable form without prior consent, in writing, from SanDisk Corporation.

SanDisk and the SanDisk logo are regi stered tradem arks of SanDisk Corporation.

Product names mentioned herein are for identification purposes onl y and may be trademarks and/or registered t rademarks of their respective companies.

SanDisk products are covered or licensed under one or more of the followi ng U.S . Pat ent Nos. 5,070,032; 5, 095,344; 5,168,465; 5,172,338; 5,198,380; 5,200,959; 5,268,318; 5, 268, 870; 5,272,669; 5,418,752; 5, 602,987. Other U.S. and foreign patents awarded and pending.

Lit. No. 80-13-00089 Rev. 5.1 8/2002 Printed in U.S.A.

Revision His tory

• Revisions dated before 1/98—Initial release and general changes.

• Revision dated 1/98—General editorial changes, manual reorganized, technical changes to reflect support of MultiMediaCard Specification version 1.3, new timing diagrams added. Pin 6 definition changed in SPI mode from SPI select to VSS2 (supply voltage ground).

• Revision dated 4/98—Changes reflect support of MultiMediaC ard S pe cificatio n ve rsio n 1.4, update d timing for Multiple W rite with no Busy, updated SPI command class definition, added Erro r Protection section, changed operating temperature specification to -25° to 85°C.

• Revision dated 4/28/98—Updated C_SIZE and C_SIZE_MULT field definitions.

• Revision 1 dated 4/99—Added 32 MB MultiMediaCard, general technical and editorial changes, added power up section.

• Revision 2 dated 4/2000—Changed mechanical specification drawing, clarified s ystem performance specifications, editorial changes.

• Revision 3 dated 7/2001—Manual reformatted, new capacities and specifications added. Changes reflect support of MultiMediaCard Specification, version 2.11.

•

Revision 4 dated 11/2001—Manual reformatted, minor editorial changes.

Specification, version 2.2.

•

Revision 5 dated 6/2002—Minor editorial and technical changes.

•

Revision 5.1 dated 7/2002—Minor editorial and technical changes.

Changes reflect support of MultiMediaCard

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to the MultiMediaCard.............................................................................................................1-1

1.1. Scope........................................................................................................................................... 1-2

1.2. Product Models............................................................................................................................ 1-2

1.3. System Features...........................................................................................................................1-2

1.4. MultiMediaCard Standard ...........................................................................................................1-3

1.5. Functional Description.................................................................................................... .............1-3

1.5.1. Flash Technology Independence.........................................................................................1-4

1.5.2. Defect and Error Management ...........................................................................................1-4

1.5.3. Endurance..........................................................................................................................1-4

1.5.4. Automatic Sleep Mode.................................................................................................... ...1-5

1.5.5. Hot Insertion......................................................................................................................1-5

1.5.6. MultiMediaCard Mode.......................................................................................................1-5

1.5.6.1. MultiMediaCard Standard Compliance..............................................................1-5

1.5.6.2. Negotiating Operation Conditions.....................................................................1-5

1.5.7. Card Acquisition and Identification....................................................................................1-5

1.5.7.1. Card Status........................................................................................................ 1-6

1.5.7.2. Memory Array Partitioning................................................................................1-6

1.5.7.3. Read and Write Operations................................................................................1-8

1.5.7.4. Data Protection in the Flash Card ......................................................................1-9

1.5.7.5. Erase................................................................................................................. 1-9

1.5.7.6. Write Protection ................................................................................................1-9

1.5.7.7. Copy Bit............................................................................................................1-9

1.5.7.8. The CSD Register..............................................................................................1-9

1.5.8. SPI Mode...........................................................................................................................1-10

1.5.8.1. Negotiating Operating Conditions .....................................................................1-10

1.5.8.2. Card Acquisition and Identification...................................................................1-10

1.5.8.3. Card Status........................................................................................................ 1-10

1.5.8.4. Memory Array Partitioning................................................................................1-10

1.5.8.5. Read and Write Operations................................................................................1-11

1.5.8.6. Data Transfer Rate............................................................................................1-11

1.5.8.7. Data Protection in the MultiMediaCard.............................................................1-11

1.5.8.8. Erase................................................................................................................. 1-11

1.5.8.9. Write Protection ................................................................................................1-11

2. Product Specifications ..................................................................................................................................2-1

2.1. System Environmental Specifications...........................................................................................2-1

2.2. Typical System Power Requirements............................................................................................2-1

2.3. System Performance.....................................................................................................................2-2

2.4. System Reliability and Maintenance............................................................................................. 2-2

2.5. Physical Specifications................................................................................................................. 2-2

3. MultiMediaCard Interface Description .........................................................................................................3-1

3.1. Physical Description ....................................................................................................................3-1

3.1.1. Pin Assignments in MultiMediaCard Mode........................................................................3-1

3.1.2. Pin Assignments in SPI Mode ............................................................................................3-1

3.2. MultiMediaCard Bus Topology.................................................................................................... 3-2

3.2.1. Power Protection................................................................................................................ 3-3

3.3. SPI Bus Topology........................................................................................................................3-3

3.3.1. Power Protection................................................................................................................ 3-4

3.4. Electrical Interface.......................................................................................................................3-4

3.4.1. Power-up............................................................................................................................3-4

3.4.2. Bus Operating Conditions..................................................................................................3-6

Table of Contents

3.4.3. Bus Signal Levels...............................................................................................................3-7

3.4.4. Open-Drain Mode Bus Signal Level...................................................................................3-7

3.4.5. Push-pull Mode Bus Signal Level.......................................................................................3-7

3.4.6. Bus Timing........................................................................................................................3-8

3.5. MultiMediaCard Registers...........................................................................................................3-9

3.5.1. Operating Conditions Register (OCR)................................................................................3-9

3.5.2. Card Identification (CID) Register .....................................................................................3-10

3.5.3. Card Specific Data (CSD) Register.....................................................................................3-11

3.5.4. Status Register ...................................................................................................................3-17

3.5.5. Relative Card Address (RCA) Register...............................................................................3-19

3.5.6. MultiMediaCard Registers in SPI Mode.............................................................................3-19

3.6. File System Format......................................................................................................................3-19

4. MultiMediaCard Protocol Description..........................................................................................................4-1

4.1. Card Identification Mode.............................................................................................................4-2

4.1.1. Reset..................................................................................................................................4-2

4.1.2. Operating Voltage Range Validation..................................................................................4-3

4.1.3. Card Identification Process.................................................................................................4-3

4.2. Data Transfer Mode .....................................................................................................................4-4

4.2.1. Data Read Format..............................................................................................................4-5

4.2.2. Data Write Format............................................................................................................. 4-6

4.2.3. CSD Programming.............................................................................................................4-7

4.2.4. Erase..................................................................................................................................4-7

4.2.5. Write Protect Management.................................................................................................4-7

4.2.6. Card Lock/Unlock Operation..............................................................................................4-8

4.2.6.1. Setting the Password..........................................................................................4-9

4.2.6.2. Reset the Password ............................................................................................ 4-9

4.2.6.3. Locking a Card..................................................................................................4-9

4.2.6.4. Unlocking the Card ........................................................................................... 4-10

4.2.6.5. Forcing Erase....................................................................................................4-10

4.3. Clock Control..............................................................................................................................4-11

4.4. Cyclic Redundancy Codes (CRC).................................................................................................4-11

4.5. Error Conditions..........................................................................................................................4-13

4.5.1. CRC and Illegal Command................................................................................................4-13

4.5.2. Read, Write and Erase Time-out Conditions.......................................................................4-13

4.6. Commands...................................................................................................................................4-14

4.6.1. Command Types................................................................................................................4-14

4.6.2. Command Format .............................................................................................................. 4-14

4.6.3. Command Classes..............................................................................................................4-14

4.6.4. Detailed Command Description..........................................................................................4-15

4.7. Card State Transition Tables........................................................................................................4-18

4.8. Responses....................................................................................................................................4-20

4.8.1. Data Response....................................................................................................................4-21

4.9. Timings.......................................................................................................................................4-21

4.9.1. Command and Response....................................................................................................4-22

4.9.2. Data Read..........................................................................................................................4-23

4.9.3. Data Write.........................................................................................................................4-23

4.9.4. Timing Values...................................................................................................................4-25

Table of Contents

5. SPI Mode .....................................................................................................................................................5-1

5.1. SPI Interface Concept..................................................................................................................5-1

5.2. SPI Bus Topology........................................................................................................................5-1

5.3. MultiMediaCard Registers in SPI Mode.......................................................................................5-3

5.4. SPI Bus Protocol..........................................................................................................................5-3

5.4.1. Mode Selection ..................................................................................................................5-3

5.4.2. Bus Transfer Protection......................................................................................................5-4

5.4.3. Data Read..........................................................................................................................5-4

5.4.4. Data Write.........................................................................................................................5-6

5.4.5. Erase and Write Protect Management................................................................................. 5-7

5.4.6. Read CID/CSD Registers ...................................................................................................5-7

5.4.7. Reset Sequence...................................................................................................................5-8

5.4.8. Clock Control.....................................................................................................................5-8

5.4.9. Error Conditions................................................................................................................5-8

5.4.9.1. CRC and Illegal Command................................................................................5-9

5.4.9.2. Read, Write and Erase Time-out Conditions......................................................5-9

5.4.9.3. Read Ahead in Multiple Block Read Operation..................................................5-9

5.4.10. Memory Array Partitioning..............................................................................................5-9

5.4.11. Card Lock/Unlock Operation............................................................................................5-10

5.5. SPI Mode Transaction Packets.....................................................................................................5-10

5.5.1. Command Format .............................................................................................................. 5-10

5.5.1.1. Command Classes.............................................................................................5-10

5.5.1.2. Detailed Command Description.........................................................................5-11

5.5.2. Responses..........................................................................................................................5-13

5.5.2.1. Format R1.........................................................................................................5-13

5.5.2.2. Format R1b .......................................................................................................5-14

5.5.2.3. Busy ..................................................................................................................5-14

5.5.2.4. Format R2.........................................................................................................5-14

5.5.3. Format R3.......................................................................................................................... 5-15

5.5.3.1. Data Response...................................................................................................5-15

5.5.4. Data Tokens....................................................................................................................... 5-16

5.5.5. Data Error Token............................................................................................................... 5-16

5.5.6. Clearing Status Bits ...........................................................................................................5-17

5.6. Card Registers ............................................................................................................................. 5-18

5.7. SPI Bus Timing Diagrams ...........................................................................................................5-18

5.7.1. Command/Response...........................................................................................................5-18

5.7.1.1. Host Command to Card Response—Card is Ready.............................................5-18

5.7.1.2. Host Command to Card Response—Card is Busy ..............................................5-19

5.7.1.3. Card Response to Host Command ......................................................................5-19

5.7.2. Data Read..........................................................................................................................5-19

5.7.2.1. Single Block Read.............................................................................................5-19

5.7.2.2. Multiple Block Read- Stop Transmission is Sent Between Blocks......................5-19

5.7.2.3. Multiple Block Read-Stop Transmission is Sent Within a Block........................5-20

5.7.2.4. Reading the CSD Register ................................................................................. 5-20

5.7.3. Data Write.........................................................................................................................5-20

5.7.3.1. Single Block Write............................................................................................5-20

5.7.3.2. Multiple Block Write.........................................................................................5-21

5.7.4. Timing Values...................................................................................................................5-21

5.8. SPI Electrical Interface................................................................................................................5-22

5.9. SPI Bus Operating Conditions ..................................................................................................... 5-22

5.10. Bus Timing................................................................................................................................5-22

Table of Contents

Appendix A. Ordering Information ..................................................................................................................A-1

Appendix B. Technical Support Services..........................................................................................................B-1

Appendix C. SanDisk Worldwide Sales Offices................................................................................................ C-1

Appendix D. Limited Warranty........................................................................................................................ D-1

1. Introduction to the MultiMediaCard

The SanDisk MultiMediaCard is a very small, removable flash storage device, designed specifically for storage applications that put a premium on small form factor, low power and low cost. Flash is the ideal storage medium for port able, ba ttery-powered devices. It feat ures low power consumption and is non-volatile, requiring no power to maintain the stored data. It also has a wide operating range for temperature, shock and vibration.

The MultiMediaCard is well suited to mee t the n e ed s of small, low po w er, electr onic de vi c e s. With a form fa ctor of 32mm by 24mm and 1.4mm thick, MultiMedi a C ard s are exp ecte d to be used in a wide va riety of port abl e devices like mobile phones , pag ers and voice recorders. T his ultr a-small form factor is part of a new, emergi ng, prop osed open standard.

To support this wide range of applications, the MultiMediaCard protocol, a high performance seven pin serial interface, is designed for maximum scalability and configurability. All device and interface configuration data (such as maximum frequency, card identification, etc.) are stored on the card.

The MultiMediaCard interface allows for easy integration into any design, regardless of microprocessor used. For compatibility with existing controllers, the MultiMediaCard offers, in addition to the MultiMediaCard interface, an alternate communication protocol, which is based on the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) standard.

The MultiMediaCard provides up to 128 million bytes of memory using SanDisk Flash memory chips, which were designed by SanDi sk especi ally for us e in mass s tora g e applic ation s. In addition t o the mass storage specific flash memory chip, the MultiMediaCard includes an on-card intelligent controller which manages interface protocols and data storage and retrieval, as well as Error Correction Code (ECC) algorithms, defect handling and diagnostics, power management and clock control.

Data

In/Out

Control

Data

Flash

Modules

MultiMediaCard/SPI

SanDisk

Single

Chip

Controller

Interface

SanDisk MultiMediaCard

Figure 1-1. MultiMediaCard Block Diagram

1-1

Introduction to the MultiMe d iaCard

1.1. Scope

This docu ment describ es the key featu re s and specificatio ns of the MultiMediaCard, as well as the information required to int erface thi s product to a host system.

1.2. Pr oduct Models

The MultiMediaCard is available in the capacities shown in Table 1-1.

Table 1-1. MultiMediaCard Capacities

Model No. Capacities

SDMB-16 16 MB SDMB-32 32 MB

SDMJ-64 64 MB

SDMJ-128 128 MB

SDMB = Binary NAND technology. SDMJ = Multi Level Cell (MLC) NAND technology.

1.3. System Features

The MultiMediaCard Association Standard features are as follows:

•

Up to 128 Mbytes of data storage.

•

MultiMediaCard protocol compatible.

•

Supports SPI Mode.

•

Targeted for portable and stationary applications.

•

Voltage range:

−

Communication: 2.0-3.6V

−

Memory Access: 2.7-3.6V

•

Maximum data rate with up to 10 cards.

•

Correction of memory field errors.

•

Built-in write protection features (permanent and temporary).

•

Pre-erase mechani s m.

•

Variable clock rate 0-20 Mhz.

•

Multiple cards stackabl e on a single physical bus.

Introduction to the MultiMe d iaCard

The perfor mance of the com municat ion channel is described in Table 1-2.

Table 1-2. MultiMediaCard/SPI Comparison

MultiMediaCard SPI

Three-wire serial data bus (Clock, command, data). Three-wire serial data bus (Clock, dataIn, dataOut) + card

specifi c CS signal. Up to 64k cards addressable by the bus protocol. Card selection via a hardware CS signal. Easy card identification. Not available. Error -protected data transfe r. Optional. A non-protected data transfer mode is available. Sequential and single/multiple block oriented data transfer . Single/Multiple block read/write*.

* Multiple sector Read/Write in SPI mode was approved by the MMCA and is included in MMCA system standard rev 3.1.

1.4. MultiM ediaCar d Standard

MultiMediaCards are fully compatible with the MultiMediaCard standard specification listed below:

The MultiMediaCard System Specification, Version 2.2

This specification may be obtained from:

MultiMediaCard Association 19672 Stevens Creek Blvd., Suite 404 Cupertino, CA 95014-2465 USA Phone: 408-253-0441 Fax: 408-253-8811 Email: prophet2@mmca.org http://www.mmca.org

1.5. Functional Description

SanDisk MultiMediaCards contain a high level, intelligent subsystem as shown in t he block diagram, Figure 1-1. This intelligent (microprocessor) subsy stem prov id es many c ap abilities no t found in other types of memory cards . These capabilities include:

•

Host independence from details of erasing and programming flash memory.

•

Sophisticated system for managing defects (analogous to systems found in magnetic di sk drives).

•

Sophi st i ca t ed system for err or recovery including a powerful error c orre ction code (ECC).

•

Power management for low power operation.

Introduction to the MultiMe d iaCard

1.5.1. Flash Technology Independence

The 512 by te s ector size of the M u ltiM e diaCard is the same as that in an IDE magnetic dis k driv e. To write or read a sector (or multiple sectors), the host computer software simply issues a Read or Write command to the MultiMediaCard. This command contains the address. The host software then waits for the command to complete. The host software does not get involve d i n the details of how the flash memory is erased, programmed or read. This is extremely important as flash devices are expected to get more and more complex in the future. Because the MultiMediaCard uses an intelligent on -board controller, the host system software will not require changing as new flash memor y evolves. In other words, systems tha t support the Mu ltiMediaCard today will be able to access future SanDisk MultiMediaCards built with new flash technology wit ho u t h av ing to update or change host software.

1.5.2. Defect and E rror Management

MultiMed iaC ards contain a sophisticated defect and error management system. T his system is analogous to the systems found in magnetic disk drives and in many cases offers enhancement s. For instan ce, dis k drives do not typically perform a read after write to confirm the data is written correctly because of the performance penalty that would be incurred. MultiMediaCards do a read after write under margin conditions to verify that the data is written correctly. In the rar e case that a bit is found to be de f ect ive, Mul ti M ediaCard s replace this bad bit with a spare bit within the sector header. If necessary, MultiMediaCards will even replace the entire sector with a spare sector. This is c omplete l y trans p a re nt to the ho st and does n ot co n s ume any user dat a sp ac e .

The MultiMediaCard’s soft error rate specification is much better than the magnetic disk drive specification. In the ext remely rare c ase a read error do es occ ur , Mul tiMediaCard s have innovativ e algo rithms to rec ov e r the data. This is similar to using retries on a disk drive but is much more sophisticated. The last line of defense is to employ a powerful ECC to correct the data. If ECC is used to recover data, defective bits are replaced with spare bits to ensure they do n ot cause any future problems.

These defect and error management systems coupled with the solid-state construction give MultiMediaCards unparalleled reliability.

1.5.3. Endurance

SanDisk MultiMediaCards have a typical endurance specification for each sector of 100,000 writes (reading a logical sector is unlimited). This far exceeds what is needed in nearly all applications of MultiMediaC ard s. F or example, even very heavy use of the MultiMediaCard in cellular phones, personal communicators, pagers and voice recorders will use only a fraction of the total endurance over the typical device’s lifetime. For instance, it would take over 34 years to wear out an a rea on the MultiMediaCar d on which a file of any size (from 512 bytes to maximum capacity) was rewritten 3 times per hour, 8 hours a day, 365 days per year.

With typical applications the endurance limit is not of any practical concern to the vast majority of users.

Introduction to the MultiMe d iaCard

1.5.4. Automatic Sleep Mode

A unique feature of the SanDisk MultiMediaCard (and other SanDisk products) is automatic entrance and exit from sleep mode. Upon completion of an operation, the MultiMediaCard will enter the sleep mode to conserve power if no furth er comman ds are received withi n 5 msec. T he h ost does not have to tak e any action for this to occur. In most systems, the MultiMediaCard is in sleep mode except when the host is accessing it, thus conserving power.

When the host is ready to acces s the MultiMediaCard and it is in sleep mode, any command issued to the MultiMediaCard will cause it to exit sleep and respond.

1.5.5. Hot Insertion

Support for hot insertion will be required on the host, but will be supported through the connector. Connector manufacturers will provide connectors that have power pins long enough to be powered before contact is made with the other pins. Please see connector data sheets for m or e details. This approach is similar to that used in PCMCIA to allow for hot insertion. This applies to both MultiMediaCard and SPI modes.

1.5.6. Mu ltiM ediaCard M ode

The following sections provide valuable information on the MultiMediaCard mode.

1.5.6.1. M ultiMediaCard S t andard Compliance

The MultiMediaCard is fully compliant with MultiMediaCard Standard Specification, version 2.2. Th e structure of the Card Specific Data (CSD) register is compliant with CSD structure version 2.2.

1.5.6.2. Negotiating Operation Conditions

The MultiMediaCard supports the operation condition verification sequence defined in the MultiMediaCard standard specifications. Should the MultiMediaCard host define an operating voltage range, which is not supported by the MultiMediaCard it will put itself in an inactive state and ignore any bus communication. The only way to get the card out of the inactive state is by powering it down and up again.

In addition, the host can explicitly send the card to the inactive state by using the GO_INACTIVE_STATE command.

1.5.7. Card Acqu isition and Identi fication

The MultiMediaCard bus is a single master (MultiMediaCard host) and multi-slaves (cards) bus. The host can query the bus and find out how many cards of which type are currently connected. The MultiMediaCard’s CID register is pre-programmed with a unique card identification number that is used during the acquisition and identification procedure.

Introduction to the MultiMe d iaCard

In addition, the MultiMediaCard host can read the card’s CID register using the READ_CID MultiMediaCard command. The CI D r egister is progra mmed durin g the MultiMediaCard testing and formatting procedure, o n the manufacturing floor. The MultiMediaCard host can only read this register and not write to it.

1.5.7.1. Card St at us

MultiMed iaC ard statu s is stored in a 32-bit status register which is sent as the data field in the card response to host commands. The Status register provides information about the card’s current state and completion codes for the last host command.

The card status can be explicitly read (polled) with the SEND_STATUS command.

1.5.7.2. Memory Array Partitioning

Although the MultiMediaCard memory space is byte addressable with addresses ranging from 0 to the last byte, it is not a simple byte array but divided into several structures.

Memory bytes are grouped into 512 byte blocks called sectors. Every block can be read, written and erased individually.

Sectors are grouped into erase groups of 16 or 32 sectors depending on card size. Any combination of sectors within one group, or any combination of erase group s can be er ased in a sing le erase command. A write comma nd implicitly erases the memory before writing new data into it. An explicit erase command can be used for pre-erasing memory, which will speed up the next write operation.

Erase groups are gr ou p ed into Wri te Prot ect Grou p s (WPG ) of 32 erase group s . Th e write/erase acces s to each WPG can be limited individually. A diagram of the memory structure hierarchy is shown in Figure 1-2.

The number of various memory structures, for the different MultiMediaCards are summarized in Table 1-3. The last (h ighest in address) WPG will be smaller and contain less than 32 erase groups.

Introduction to the MultiMe d iaCard

WP Group N

WP Group 1

Erase Group m

Sec t or n

Erase Group 1

Write Protect Group 0

Erase Group 0

Sector 1: Bytes 512 - 1,023

Sec t or 0

Sec t or n

Sec t or 2

Sector 0: Bytes 0 - 511

Figure 1-2. Memory Array Partitioning

Table 1-3. Memory Array Structures Summary

Structure SDMB-16 SDMB-32 SDMJ-64 SDMJ-128

Bytes 16 MB 32 MB 64 MB 128 MB Sector 31,360 62,720 125,440 250,880 Erase Group Size [sectors] 32 32 32 32 Number of Erase Groups 980 1,960 3,920 7,840 Write Protect Group Size [erase groups] 32 32 32 32 Number of Write Protec t Groups 31 62 123 245

NOTE: All measurements are in units per card.

Introduction to the MultiMe d iaCard

1.5.7.3. Re ad and Write Operations

The MultiMediaCard supports two read/write modes as shown in Figure 1-3.

Single Block Mode Misalignment Error

Memory Sectors

Start

Address

(Read)

Memory Sectors

Start

Address

(Write)

Memory Sectors

Start

Address

(Read/Write)

Memory Sectors

Multiple Block Mode

Memory Sectors

Address

Start

Memory Sectors

Stop StopStart

Memory Sectors

ReadWrite

Figure 1-3. Data Transfer Formats

Single Block Mode

In this mode, the host reads or writes one data block in a pre-specified length. The data block transmission is protected with 16-bit CRC, which is generated by the sending unit a nd checked by the receiving unit.

Memory Sectors

The block length for read operations is limited by the device sector size (512 bytes) , but can be as small as a single byte. Misalignment is not allowed. Every data block must be contained in a single physical sector.

The block length for write operations must be identical to the sector size and the start address aligned to a sector boundary.

Multiple Block Mode

This mode is similar to the single block mode, but the host can read/write multiple data blocks (all have the same length), which will be stored or retrieved from contiguous memo ry add resses s tarting at the address specified in the command.

The operation is terminated with a stop transmission c ommand. Misalignment and bloc k length restrictions apply to multiple blocks as well, and are identical to the single bloc k read/write operations.

Introduction to the MultiMe d iaCard

1.5.7.4. Data Protection i n the Flash Card

Every sector is protected with an Error Correction Code ( ECC). The ECC i s generated (in the memory card) wh en the sectors are written and validated when the data is read. If defects are found, the data is corrected prior to transmission to the host.

1.5.7.5. Erase

The sma llest era sable unit in the MultiMed iaCard is a sector. In order to speed up the erase procedure, multiple sectors ca n be erased a t the same time. The era se o peration is divided into two stages:

Tagging—Selecting the Sectors for Erasing. To facilitate selection, a first command with the starting address is followed by a second command with th e final address, and all sectors within this range will be selected for erase.

Erasing—Startin g th e Erase Process. The sectors are grouped into erase groups of 16 or 32 sectors. Tagging can address se ctors or e ra se groups. Ei t her an arbitrary set of sectors withi n a single eras e gro u p , or an arbitrary selection of erase groups may be erased at one time, but not both together. That is, the unit of measure for determining an erase is either a sector or an erase group. If sectors are tagged, then all selected sectors must lie within the same erase group. Tagging and erasing sectors must follow a strict command sequence.

1.5.7.6. Write Protecti on

Two card level write protection options are available: permanent and temporary. Both can be set using the PROGRAM_CSD command (s ee sect ion 4.2.3). T he permanen t write pr ot ect bit, once set , cannot be cl eared . This feature is implemented in the MultiMediaCard controller firmware and not with a physical OTP cell.

1.5.7.7. Cop y Bit

The content of a MultiMediaCard can be marked as an original or a copy using the copy bit in the CSD register. Once t he Copy bit is set (marked as a copy) it cannot be cl eared. The Copy bit of the MultiMedia Car d is programmed (during test and formatting on the manufacturing floor) as a copy. The MultiMediaCard can be purchased with the copy bit set (copy) or cleared, indicating the card is a master. This feature is implemented in the MultiMediaCard controller firmware and not with a physical OTP cell.

1.5.7.8. Th e CSD Reg ister

All the configuration information of the MultiMediaCard is stored in the CSD register. The MSB bytes of the register contain manufacturer data. The two least significant bytes contain the host controlled data: the card Copy and write protection, the user file format indication, and the user ECC register.

The host can read the CSD register and alter the host-controlled data bytes using the SEND_CSD and PROGRAM_CSD commands (see section 4.2.3).

Introduction to the MultiMe d iaCard

1.5.8. SPI Mode

The SPI mode is a secondary communication protocol for MultiMediaCards. This mode is a subset of the MultiMediaCard protocol, designed to communicate with an SPI channel, common ly found in Motorola’s (and lately a few other vendors’) microcontrollers.

1.5.8.1. Negotiating Operating Conditions

The operating condition negotiation function of the MultiMediaCard bus is not supported in SPI mode . The host must work within th e valid voltage range (2.7 to 3.6) volts of the card.

1.5.8.2. Card Acq uisition and Ident ification

The card acquisition and identification function of the MultiMediaCard bus is not supported in SPI mode. The host must k now th e num ber of car ds currently connected on the bus. Speci fi c card selection is done via the CS si g nal.

1.5.8.3. Card St at us

In SPI m ode only 16 bits (containing the err ors relevant to S P I mode) can be read out of t he MultiMediaCard status register.

1.5.8.4. Memory Array Partitioning

Memory partitioning in SPI mode is equivalent to MultiMediaCard mode. All read and write commands are byte addressable.

Introduction to the MultiMe d iaCard

1.5.8.5. Re ad and Write Operations

The SPI mode, as defined in the MMCA Standard, version 2.2, supports only single block read/write. Additionally, the SanDisk MultiMediaCard supports a multiple block read/write that was approved by the MMCA and will be included in a future MultiMediaCard System Specification.

1.5.8.6. Data Transfer Rate

Same as for the MultiMediaCard mode when the card is operating in single block read/write mode.

1.5.8.7. Data Protection in the M ultiMediaCard

Same as for the MultiMediaCard mode.

1.5.8.8. Erase

Same as in MultiMediaCard mode.

1.5.8.9. Write Protectio n

Same as in MultiMediaCard mode.

Introduction to the MultiMe d iaCard

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2. Product Specifications

For all the followi n g sp ecifications, values are defined at ambient temperature and nominal supply voltage unless otherwise st ated.

2.1. System Envir onm ental Specifications

Table 2-1. System Environment Specifications

Temperature Operating:

Non-Operating:

Humidity Operating:

Non-Operating:

ESD Protection Contact Pads:

Non Contact Pad Area:

Acoustic Noise: 0 dB Vibration Operating:

Non-Operating:

Shock Operating:

Non-Operating:

Altitude (relative to sea level) Operating:

Non-Operating:

-25° C to 85° C

-40° C to 85° C 8% to 95%, non-condensing

8% to 95%, non-condensing ± 4kV, Human body model according to ANSI

EOS/ESD-S5.1-1998 ± 8kV (coupling plane discharge)

± 15kV (air discharge) Huma n body model per IEC61000-4-2

15 G peak to peak max. 15 G peak to peak max.

1,000 G max. 1,000 G max.

80,000 feet max. 80,000 feet max.

2.2. Typical System P ower R equir ements

Table 2-2. System Power Requirements

Operation @3.6V @2.7V

Read 25 20 Write 35 25 Sleep 50µA (typical)

150µA (m ax)

40µA (typical) 120µA (m ax)

2-1

Product Specifications

2.3. System Perfor m ance

Table 2-3. System Performance

Typical Maximum

Block Read Ac cess Ti m e

Binary Produc ts MLC Products

Block Write Access Time

Binary Produc ts

MLC Products CMD1 to Ready (after power up) 50msec 500msec Sleep to Ready 1msec 2msec

NOTES: All values quoted are under the following conditions:

1) Voltage range: 2.7 V to 3.6 V.

2) Temperature range: -25° C to 85° C.

3) Are independent of the MultiMediaCard clock frequency.

1.5msec 10msec

24msec 40msec

15msec 100msec

240msec 400msec

2.4. System Reliability and Maintenance

Table 2-4. System Reliability and Maintenance

MTBF > 1,000,000 hours Preventive Maintenance None Data Reliab ility < 1 non-recoverab le error in 1014 bits read Endurance 100,000 write/erase cycles (typical)

2.5. Physical Specifications

Table 2-5 lists the physical specifications and Figure 2-1 shows MultiMediaCard physical dimensions.

Table 2-5. Physical Specifications

Weight 1.5 g. maximum Length 32mm ± 0.1mm Width 24mm ± 0.08mm Thickness 1.4mm ± 0.1mm

Product Specifications

0.2

1.4 ± 0.1

32.0 ± 0.1

4.5 min.

1.2 max.

0.00

3.10 max.

5.60 max.

8.10 max.

10.60 max.

13.10 max.

15.60 max.

18.10 max.

4.65 min.

7.15 min.

9.65 min.

12.15 min.

14.65 min.

17.15 min.

19.65 min.

24.00 ± 0.08

4.0 ± 0.1

4.0 ± 0.1 2 x R0.5 ± 0.1

All dimensions are in millimeters.

Figure 2-1. MultiMediaCard Dimensions

3 x R1.0 ± 0.1

Product Specifications

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3. MultiM ediaC ard Interface Description

3.1. Physical Description

The MultiMediaCard has seven exposed cont acts on one s ide (see Figure 2-1). T he host is connected to the MultiMediaCard using a seven- p i n connect or .

3.1.1. Pin Assignments in MultiMediaCard Mode

Table 3-1. MultiMediaCard Pad Definition

Pin # Name Type* MultiMediaCard Description

1 RSV NC Not Connected or Always ‘1’ 2 CMD I/O/PP/OD Command/Response 3 VSS1 S Supply voltage ground 4 VDD S Supply voltage 5 CLK I Clock 6 VSS2 S Supply voltage ground 7 DAT[0] I/O/PP Data 0

* S=power supply; I=input; O=output; PP=push-pull; OD=open-drain; NC=not connected.

3.1.2. Pin Assignments in SPI Mode

Table 3-2 . SPI Pad Definition

Pin # Name Type* SPI Description

1 CS I Chip Select (Active low) 2 DataIn I Host to Card Commands and Data 3 VSS1 S Supply Voltage Ground 4 VDD S Supply Voltage 5 CLK I Clock 6 VSS2 S Supply Voltage Ground 7 DataOut O Card to Ho st Data and Status

* S=power supply; I=input; O=output.

3-1

MultiMediaCard Interface Description

3.2. Multi M ediaC ar d Bus Topology

The MultiMediaCard bus has three communication lines and four supply lines (see Figure 3-1):

•

CMD—Command is a bi-directional signal. Host and card drivers are operating in two modes, open drain and push pull.

•

DAT—Data is a bi-directional signal. Host and card drivers are operating in push pull mode.

•

CLK—Clock is a host to card signal. CLK operates in push pull mode.

•

VDD—VDD is the power supply line for all cards.

•

VSS[1:2]—VSS are two ground lines.

MultiMediaCard

Host

= max (C , C , C )

BUS

DAT

CMD

C1C2C

CMD

DAT

CLK

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

MultiMediaCard

Figure 3-1. Bus Circuitry Diagram

The R and R

is switched on and off by the host synchronously to the open-drain and push-pull mode transitions. R

are pull-up resistors protec ting the CMD and the DAT line against bus f lo ating w hen no card is inse rted o r

CMD

when all card drivers are in a hi-impedance mode.

A consta nt cu rr ent sou rce can repla ce the R rising and falling edges). If the host does not allow the switchable R

in order to achieve better performance (constant slopes for the signal

implementation, a fix R

can be used.

CMD

Consequently the maximum operating frequency in the open drain mode has to be reduced in this case.

DAT

Hot Insertion/Removal

Hot insertion a nd removal are allowed. The SanDisk MultiMediaCard will not be damaged b y inserting or removing it into the MultiMediaCard bus even when the power is up:

•

The inserted card will be properly reset also when CLK carries a clock frequency fPP.

•

Data transfer failures induced by removal/insertion should be detected by the bus master using the CRC codes that suffix every bus transaction.

MultiMediaCard Interface Description

3.2.1. Power Pro tection

Cards can be inserted/removed into/from the bus without damage. If one of the supply pins (V

DD or VSS)

is not

connected properly, then the current is drawn through a data line to supply t he c ar d .

If th e hot in sertion feature is implemented in the host, then the host has to withstand a shortcut between V

and V

without damage.

3.3. SP I Bus Topology

The MultiMediaCard SPI interface is compatible with SPI hosts available on the market. As with any other SPI device, the MultiMediaCard SPI channel consists of the following four signals:

•

CS—Host to card Chip Select signal.

•

CLK—Host to card clock signal.

•

DataIn—Host to card data signal.

•

DataOut—Card to host data signal.

Another SPI co mmo n characteristic, which is implemente d in the MultiMediaCard as well, is byte transfers. All d ata tokens are multiples of 8-bit bytes and are always byte-aligned to the CS signal. The SPI standard defines the physical link only and not the complete data transfer protocol. The MultiMediaCard uses a subset of the MultiMediaCard protocol and com ma nd set.

The MultiMediaCard identification and addressing algorithms are replaced by a hardware Chip Select (CS) signal. There are no broadca s t comma nds. A car d ( slave) is selected for every co mmand, by a sserting (active low) the CS signal (see Figure 3-2).

The CS signal must be continuously active for the duration of the SPI transaction (command, response and data). The only exc epti on is card pro gr amming time. At this time, the host can de-assert the CS signal without affecting the programming process.

The bi-directional CMD and DAT lines are replaced by unidirectional dataIn and dataOut signals. This prevents command execution while data is being read or written and, therefore, eliminates sequential and multi block read/ write ope ra tions. On ly single block read/ wri te is suppor t ed by the S PI channel.

MultiMediaCard Interface Description

Power Supply

3.3.1. Power Pro tection

SPI Bus (CLK, DataIN, DataOut)

SPI Card

Figure 3-2. MultiMediaCard Bus System

SPI Bus Master

CS CS

Same as for MultiMediaCard mode.

3.4. Electrical Interface

The following sections provide valuable information on the electrical interface.

3.4.1. Power- up

The power up of the MultiMediaCard bus is handled locally in each MultiMediaCard and in the bus master. Figure 3-3 shows a power-up diagram.

MultiMediaCard Interface Description

Logic working level

Supply voltage

Supply ramp u p time

Bus master sup ply voltage

CMD1

VDD max

Power up time

Initialization delay: The maximum of

CMD2

1 msec, 7 4 clock cycles and suppl y ramp up time

Initialization sequenc e

CMD1

VDD min

time

First CMD1 to card is ready.

Card logic working voltage range

Optional repetitions of CMD1 until no cards are responding with busy bit set.

Memory field working voltage range.

Figure 3-3. Power-up Diagram

After power-up, including hot insertion (inserting a card when the bus is operating), the MultiMediaCard enters the Idle State. During this state, the MultiMediaCard ignores all bus transactions until CMD1 is received.

CMD1 is a special synchronization command used to negotiate the operation voltage range and to poll the cards until they are out of their power-up sequence. Besides the operation voltage profile of the cards, the response to CMD1 contains a busy fl ag, indicating that the card is still w ork ing on it s pow er -up p ro cedu re and is not ready for identific atio n. This bit informs the host that at least one card is not ready. The host has to wait (and continue to poll the cards) until this bit is cleared. The MultiMediaCard shall complete its initialization procedure within 500msec.

Getting individual cards, as well as the whole MultiMediaCard system, out of Idle State is up to the responsibility of the bus master. Since the power-up time and the supply ramp up time depend on application parameters such as the maximum number of MultiMediaCards, the bus length and the power supply unit, the host must ensure that the power is built up to the operating level (the same level which will be specified in CMD1) before CMD1 is transmitted.

After power-up, the host starts the clock and sends the initializing sequence on the CMD line. This sequence is a contiguous stream of logical ones. The sequence length is the maximum of 1msec, 74 clocks or the supply ramp up time. The additional ten clocks (beyond the 64 clocks after which the card should be r eady for communication) are provided to eliminate power-up synchronization problems.

MultiMediaCard Interface Description

3.4.2. Bus Operating Conditions

SPI Mode bus operating conditions are identical t o MultiMediaCard Mode bu s op erating condition s. The CS (chip select) signal timing is identical to the input signal timing (see Figure 3-5).

Table 3-3 . Bus Operating Conditions

General

Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Unit Remark

Peak voltage on all lines -0.5 3.6 V

All Inputs

Input Leakage Current -10 10

All Outputs

Output Leakage Current -10 10

µA

Power supply voltage

Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Unit Remark

Supply voltage VDD 2.0 3.6 V Supply vol tage differenti als (V

The current consumption of any card during the power-up procedure must not exceed 10 mA.

, V

) -0.5 0.5 V

SS1

SS2

Capacitance

Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Unit Remark

capacitance C (V

3.0

DD)

µF

Bus Signal Line Load

The total capacitance CL of each line of the MultiMediaCard bus is the sum of the bus master capacitance CHOST, the bu s ca p acitance C BUS its elf, and t he cap acitance C C ARD of each card connected t o t his line:

CL = CHOST + CBUS + N

CCARD

Where N is th e num ber of connected ca rds. Given the requi rement that th e sum of the host and bus ca p acitances not exceed 30 pF for up to 10 cards, and 40 pF for up to 30 cards, the values in Table 3-4 must not be exceeded.

Table 3-4 . Host and Bus Capacitie s

Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Unit Remark

Pull-up resistance RCMD

RDAT Bus signal line capacitance CL 250 pF Bus signal line capacitance CL 100 pF Single card capacitance CCARD 7 pF Maximum signal line inductance 16 nH

50 100

kΩ

To prevent bus floating

fPP # 5 MHz, 30 cards fPP # 20 MHz, 10 cards

fPP # 20 MHz

MultiMediaCard Interface Description

3.4.3. Bus Signal Levels

Since the bus can be supplied with a variable supply voltage, all signa l levels are related to the supply voltage (see Figure 3-4).

Input High Level

Input Low Level

Undefined

AAAAAAA

Output High Level

Output Low Level

Figure 3-4. Bus Signal Levels

3.4.4. Open - D rain Mo de Bus Signal Level

Table 3-5. Open Drain Mode Bus Signal Level

Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Unit Conditions

Output HIGH voltage VOH Output LOW voltage VOL 0.3 V IOL = 2 mA

-0.2

IOH = -100 µA

The inp ut levels are identic al with the push-pull mode bus signal levels.

3.4.5. Push-pull Mode Bus Sign al Level

To meet the requ ireme nts of the JEDEC specification JESD8-1A, the card input and output voltages shall be within the specified r a nges in T a ble 3- 6 for a ny VDD of the allowed voltage ran ge.

Table 3-6. Push-Pull Mode Bus Signal Level

Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Unit Conditions

Output HIGH voltage VOH

Output LOW voltage VOL

Input HIGH voltage VIH Input LOW voltage VIL VSS-0.3

0.75∗VDD

0.625∗VDD

0.125∗VDD

VDD + 0.3 V

0.25∗VDD

IOH=-100 µA

(min.)

IOL=100 µA @V

(min.)

MultiMediaCard Interface Description

3.4.6. Bus Timing

SanDisk’s MultiMediaCa rds clock data in on the rising edge and out on the falling edge.

THL

TLH

ISU

Clock

Input

Output

NOTE: Data in the shaded areas is not valid.

Figure 3-5. Timing Diagram Data Input/Output Referenced to Clock

Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Unit Remark

Clock CLK (All values are referred to min. (VIH) and max. (VIL)

Clock Frequenc y Data Transfer Mode (PP) fPP 0 20 MHz

Clock Frequenc y Identif i cation Mode (OD) fOD 0 400 kHz

Clock Low Time tWL 10 ns

Clock High Time tWH 10 ns

Clock Rise Time t

Clock Fall Time t

Clock Low Time tWL 50 ns

Clock High Time tWH 50 ns

Clock Rise Time t

Clock Fall Time t

Table 3-7. Bus Timing

10 ns

TLH

10 ns

THL

50 ns

TLH

50 ns

THL

OSU

(10 cards)

(30 cards)

(10 cards)

(30 cards)

• 100 pF

• 250 pF

• 100 pF

• 250 pF

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