sandisk SDMB-16, SDMB-32, SDMJ-64, SDMJ-128 User guide

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®

CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS

140 Caspian Court

Sunnyvale, CA 94089-1000 408-542-0500

FAX: [phone]

URL: http://www.sandisk.com

SanDisk® Corporation general policy does not recommend the use of its products in life support applications where in a failure or malfunction of the product may directly threaten life or injury. Per SanDisk Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of SanDisk products in life support applications assumes all risk of such use and indemnifies SanDisk against all damages.

The information in this manual is subject to change without notice.

SanDisk Corporation shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein; nor for incidental or consequential damages resulting from the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

All parts of the SanDisk MultiMediaCard documentation are protected by copyright law and all rights are reserved. This documentation may not, in whole or in part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electro nic medium or machine-readable form without prior consent, in writing, from SanDisk Corporation.

SanDisk and the SanDisk logo are registered trademarks of SanDisk Corporation.

Product names mentioned herein are for identification purposes only and may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

© 2002 SanDisk Corporation. All rights reserved.

SanDisk products are covered or licensed under one or more of the following U.S. Patent Nos. 5,070,032; 5,095,344; 5,168,465; 5,172,338; 5,198,380; 5,200,959; 5,268,318; 5,268,870; 5,272,669; 5,418,752; 5,602,987. Other U.S. and foreign patents awarded and pending.

Lit. No. 80-13-00089 Rev. 5.1 8/2002

Printed in U.S.A.

Revision History

•Revisions dated before 1/98—Initial release and general changes.

•Revision dated 1/98—General editorial changes, manual reorganized, technical changes to reflect support of MultiMediaCard Specification version 1.3, new timing diagrams added. Pin 6 definition ch anged in SPI mode from SPI select to VSS2 (supply voltage ground).

•Revision dated 4/98—Changes reflect support of MultiMediaCard Specification version 1.4, updated timing for Multiple Write with no Busy, updated SPI command class definition, added Erro r Protection section, changed operating temperature specification to -25° to 85°C.

•Revision dated 4/28/98—Updated C_SIZE and C_SIZE_MULT field definitions.

•Revision 1 dated 4/99—Added 32 MB MultiMediaCard, general technical and editorial changes, added power up section.

•Revision 2 dated 4/2000—Changed mechanical specification drawing, clarified system performance specifications, editorial changes.

•Revision 3 dated 7/2001—Manual reformatted, new capacities and specifications added. Changes reflect support of MultiMediaCard Specification, version 2.11.

•Revision 4 dated 11/2001—Manual reformatted, minor editorial changes. Changes reflect support of MultiMediaCard Specification, version 2.2.

•Revision 5 dated 6/2002—Minor editorial and technical changes.

•Revision 5.1 dated 7/2002—Minor editorial and technical changes.

ii	MultiMediaCard Product Manual, Rev. 5.1 © 2002 SANDISK CORPORATION

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to the MultiMediaCard .............................................................................................................		1-1
	1.1. Scope...........................................................................................................................................	1-2
	1.2. Product Models ............................................................................................................................	1-2
	1.3. System Features ...........................................................................................................................	1-2
	1.4. MultiMediaCard Standard ...........................................................................................................	1-3
	1.5. Functional Description.................................................................................................................	1-3
	1.5.1. Flash Technology Independence.........................................................................................	1-4
	1.5.2. Defect and Error Management ...........................................................................................	1-4
	1.5.3. Endurance..........................................................................................................................	1-4
	1.5.4. Automatic Sleep Mode .......................................................................................................	1-5
	1.5.5. Hot Insertion ......................................................................................................................	1-5
	1.5.6. MultiMediaCard Mode.......................................................................................................	1-5
	1.5.6.1. MultiMediaCard Standard Compliance..............................................................	1-5
	1.5.6.2. Negotiating Operation Conditions .....................................................................	1-5
	1.5.7. Card Acquisition and Identification....................................................................................	1-5
	1.5.7.1. Card Status........................................................................................................	1-6
	1.5.7.2. Memory Array Partitioning................................................................................	1-6
	1.5.7.3. Read and Write Operations................................................................................	1-8
	1.5.7.4. Data Protection in the Flash Card ......................................................................	1-9
	1.5.7.5. Erase .................................................................................................................	1-9
	1.5.7.6. Write Protection ................................................................................................	1-9
	1.5.7.7. Copy Bit ............................................................................................................	1-9
	1.5.7.8. The CSD Register ..............................................................................................	1-9
	1.5.8. SPI Mode ...........................................................................................................................	1-10
	1.5.8.1. Negotiating Operating Conditions .....................................................................	1-10
	1.5.8.2. Card Acquisition and Identification ...................................................................	1-10
	1.5.8.3. Card Status........................................................................................................	1-10
	1.5.8.4. Memory Array Partitioning................................................................................	1-10
	1.5.8.5. Read and Write Operations................................................................................	1-11
	1.5.8.6. Data Transfer Rate ............................................................................................	1-11
	1.5.8.7. Data Protection in the MultiMediaCard .............................................................	1-11
	1.5.8.8. Erase .................................................................................................................	1-11
	1.5.8.9. Write Protection ................................................................................................	1-11
2. Product Specifications ..................................................................................................................................		2-1
	2.1. System Environmental Specifications...........................................................................................	2-1
	2.2. Typical System Power Requirements............................................................................................	2-1
	2.3. System Performance.....................................................................................................................	2-2
	2.4. System Reliability and Maintenance.............................................................................................	2-2
	2.5. Physical Specifications.................................................................................................................	2-2
3. MultiMediaCard Interface Description .........................................................................................................		3-1
	3.1. Physical Description ....................................................................................................................	3-1
	3.1.1. Pin Assignments in MultiMediaCard Mode........................................................................	3-1
	3.1.2. Pin Assignments in SPI Mode ............................................................................................	3-1
	3.2. MultiMediaCard Bus Topology....................................................................................................	3-2
	3.2.1. Power Protection ................................................................................................................	3-3
	3.3. SPI Bus Topology ........................................................................................................................	3-3
	3.3.1. Power Protection ................................................................................................................	3-4
	3.4. Electrical Interface.......................................................................................................................	3-4
	3.4.1. Power-up............................................................................................................................	3-4
	3.4.2. Bus Operating Conditions ..................................................................................................	3-6
i	MultiMediaCard Product Manual, Rev. 5.1 © 2002 SANDISK CORPORATION

Table of Contents

3.4.3. Bus Signal Levels...............................................................................................................	3-7
3.4.4. Open-Drain Mode Bus Signal Level ...................................................................................	3-7
3.4.5. Push-pull Mode Bus Signal Level.......................................................................................	3-7
3.4.6. Bus Timing ........................................................................................................................	3-8
3.5. MultiMediaCard Registers ...........................................................................................................	3-9
3.5.1. Operating Conditions Register (OCR) ................................................................................	3-9
3.5.2. Card Identification (CID) Register .....................................................................................	3-10
3.5.3. Card Specific Data (CSD) Register.....................................................................................	3-11
3.5.4. Status Register ...................................................................................................................	3-17
3.5.5. Relative Card Address (RCA) Register ...............................................................................	3-19
3.5.6. MultiMediaCard Registers in SPI Mode .............................................................................	3-19
3.6. File System Format ......................................................................................................................	3-19
4. MultiMediaCard Protocol Description ..........................................................................................................	4-1
4.1. Card Identification Mode .............................................................................................................	4-2
4.1.1. Reset ..................................................................................................................................	4-2
4.1.2. Operating Voltage Range Validation ..................................................................................	4-3
4.1.3. Card Identification Process.................................................................................................	4-3
4.2. Data Transfer Mode.....................................................................................................................	4-4
4.2.1. Data Read Format ..............................................................................................................	4-5
4.2.2. Data Write Format .............................................................................................................	4-6
4.2.3. CSD Programming.............................................................................................................	4-7
4.2.4. Erase..................................................................................................................................	4-7
4.2.5. Write Protect Management.................................................................................................	4-7
4.2.6. Card Lock/Unlock Operation..............................................................................................	4-8
4.2.6.1. Setting the Password..........................................................................................	4-9
4.2.6.2. Reset the Password ............................................................................................	4-9
4.2.6.3. Locking a Card..................................................................................................	4-9
4.2.6.4. Unlocking the Card ...........................................................................................	4-10
4.2.6.5. Forcing Erase ....................................................................................................	4-10
4.3. Clock Control ..............................................................................................................................	4-11
4.4. Cyclic Redundancy Codes (CRC) .................................................................................................	4-11
4.5. Error Conditions..........................................................................................................................	4-13
4.5.1. CRC and Illegal Command ................................................................................................	4-13
4.5.2. Read, Write and Erase Time-out Conditions.......................................................................	4-13
4.6. Commands...................................................................................................................................	4-14
4.6.1. Command Types ................................................................................................................	4-14
4.6.2. Command Format ..............................................................................................................	4-14
4.6.3. Command Classes ..............................................................................................................	4-14
4.6.4. Detailed Command Description..........................................................................................	4-15
4.7. Card State Transition Tables........................................................................................................	4-18
4.8. Responses ....................................................................................................................................	4-20
4.8.1. Data Response....................................................................................................................	4-21
4.9. Timings .......................................................................................................................................	4-21
4.9.1. Command and Response ....................................................................................................	4-22
4.9.2. Data Read ..........................................................................................................................	4-23
4.9.3. Data Write .........................................................................................................................	4-23
4.9.4. Timing Values ...................................................................................................................	4-25

ii	MultiMediaCard Product Manual, Rev. 5.1 © 2002 SANDISK CORPORATION

	Table of Contents
5. SPI Mode .....................................................................................................................................................	5-1
5.1. SPI Interface Concept ..................................................................................................................	5-1
5.2. SPI Bus Topology ........................................................................................................................	5-1
5.3. MultiMediaCard Registers in SPI Mode.......................................................................................	5-3
5.4. SPI Bus Protocol ..........................................................................................................................	5-3
5.4.1. Mode Selection ..................................................................................................................	5-3
5.4.2. Bus Transfer Protection ......................................................................................................	5-4
5.4.3. Data Read ..........................................................................................................................	5-4
5.4.4. Data Write .........................................................................................................................	5-6
5.4.5. Erase and Write Protect Management.................................................................................	5-7
5.4.6. Read CID/CSD Registers ...................................................................................................	5-7
5.4.7. Reset Sequence...................................................................................................................	5-8
5.4.8. Clock Control.....................................................................................................................	5-8
5.4.9. Error Conditions ................................................................................................................	5-8
5.4.9.1. CRC and Illegal Command................................................................................	5-9
5.4.9.2. Read, Write and Erase Time-out Conditions ......................................................	5-9
5.4.9.3. Read Ahead in Multiple Block Read Operation ..................................................	5-9
5.4.10. Memory Array Partitioning ..............................................................................................	5-9
5.4.11. Card Lock/Unlock Operation............................................................................................	5-10
5.5. SPI Mode Transaction Packets .....................................................................................................	5-10
5.5.1. Command Format ..............................................................................................................	5-10
5.5.1.1. Command Classes .............................................................................................	5-10
5.5.1.2. Detailed Command Description .........................................................................	5-11
5.5.2. Responses ..........................................................................................................................	5-13
5.5.2.1. Format R1 .........................................................................................................	5-13
5.5.2.2. Format R1b .......................................................................................................	5-14
5.5.2.3. Busy ..................................................................................................................	5-14
5.5.2.4. Format R2 .........................................................................................................	5-14
5.5.3. Format R3..........................................................................................................................	5-15
5.5.3.1. Data Response ...................................................................................................	5-15
5.5.4. Data Tokens.......................................................................................................................	5-16
5.5.5. Data Error Token ...............................................................................................................	5-16
5.5.6. Clearing Status Bits ...........................................................................................................	5-17
5.6. Card Registers .............................................................................................................................	5-18
5.7. SPI Bus Timing Diagrams ...........................................................................................................	5-18
5.7.1. Command/Response...........................................................................................................	5-18
5.7.1.1. Host Command to Card Response—Card is Ready.............................................	5-18
5.7.1.2. Host Command to Card Response—Card is Busy ..............................................	5-19
5.7.1.3. Card Response to Host Command ......................................................................	5-19
5.7.2. Data Read ..........................................................................................................................	5-19
5.7.2.1. Single Block Read .............................................................................................	5-19
5.7.2.2. Multiple Block ReadStop Transmission is Sent Between Blocks ......................	5-19
5.7.2.3. Multiple Block Read-Stop Transmission is Sent Within a Block ........................	5-20
5.7.2.4. Reading the CSD Register .................................................................................	5-20
5.7.3. Data Write .........................................................................................................................	5-20
5.7.3.1. Single Block Write ............................................................................................	5-20
5.7.3.2. Multiple Block Write .........................................................................................	5-21
5.7.4. Timing Values ...................................................................................................................	5-21
5.8. SPI Electrical Interface ................................................................................................................	5-22
5.9. SPI Bus Operating Conditions .....................................................................................................	5-22
5.10. Bus Timing ................................................................................................................................	5-22

MultiMediaCard Product Manual, Rev. 5.1 © 2002 SANDISK CORPORATION

iii

Table of Contents

Appendix A. Ordering Information ..................................................................................................................	A-1
Appendix B. Technical Support Services ..........................................................................................................	B-1
Appendix C. SanDisk Worldwide Sales Offices ................................................................................................	C-1
Appendix D. Limited Warranty ........................................................................................................................	D-1

iv	MultiMediaCard Product Manual, Rev. 5.1 © 2002 SANDISK CORPORATION

1. Introduction to the MultiMediaCard

The SanDisk MultiMediaCard is a very small, removable flash storage device, designed specifically for storage applications that put a premium on small form factor, low power and low cost. Flash is the ideal storage medium for portable, battery-powered devices. It features low power consumption and is non-volatile, requiring no power to maintain the stored data. It also has a wide operating range for temperature, shock and vibration.

The MultiMediaCard is well suited to meet the needs of small, low power, electronic devices. With a form factor of 32mm by 24mm and 1.4mm thick, MultiMediaCards are expected to be used in a wide variety of portable devices like mobile phones, pagers and voice recorders. This ultra-small form factor is part of a new, emerging, proposed open standard.

To support this wide range of applications, the MultiMediaCard protocol, a high performance seven pin serial interface, is designed for maximum scalability and configurability. All device and interface configuration data (such as maximum frequency, card identification, etc.) are stored on the card.

The MultiMediaCard interface allows for easy integration into any design, regardless of microprocessor used. For compatibility with existing controllers, the MultiMediaCard offers, in addition to the MultiMediaCard interface, an alternate communication protocol, which is based on the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) standard.

The MultiMediaCard provides up to 128 million bytes of memory using SanDisk Flash memory chips, which were designed by SanDisk especially for use in mass storage applications. In addition to the mass storage specific flash memory chip, the MultiMediaCard includes an on-card intelligent controller which manages interface protocols and data storage and retrieval, as well as Error Correction Code (ECC) algorithms, defect handling and diagnostics, power management and clock control.

		SanDisk	Data
			In/Out	Data
		Single
				Flash
		Chip	Control
	MultiMediaCard/SPI			Modules
		Controller
	Interface
		SanDisk MultiMediaCard

Figure 1-1. MultiMediaCard Block Diagram

MultiMediaCard Product Manual, Rev. 5.1 © 2002 SANDISK CORPORATION

1-1

Introduction to the MultiMediaCard

1.1. Scope

This document describes the key features and specifications of the MultiMediaCard, as well as the information required to interface this product to a host system.

1.2. Product Models

The MultiMediaCard is available in the capacities shown in Table 1-1.

Table 1-1. MultiMediaCard Capacities

Model No.	Capacities
SDMB-16	16 MB
SDMB-32	32 MB
SDMJ-64	64 MB
SDMJ-128	128 MB

SDMB = Binary NAND technology.

SDMJ = Multi Level Cell (MLC) NAND technology.

1.3. System Features

The MultiMediaCard Association Standard features are as follows:

•Up to 128 Mbytes of data storage.

•MultiMediaCard protocol compatible.

•Supports SPI Mode.

•Targeted for portable and stationary applications.

•Voltage range:

−Communication: 2.0-3.6V

−Memory Access: 2.7-3.6V

•Maximum data rate with up to 10 cards.

•Correction of memory field errors.

•Built-in write protection features (permanent and temporary).

•Pre-erase mechanism.

•Variable clock rate 0-20 Mhz.

•Multiple cards stackable on a single physical bus.

1-2	MultiMediaCard Product Manual, Rev. 5.1 © 2002 SANDISK CORPORATION

Introduction to the MultiMediaCard

The performance of the communication channel is described in Table 1-2.

Table 1-2. MultiMediaCard/SPI Comparison

MultiMediaCard	SPI
Three-wire serial data bus (Clock, command, data) .	Three-wire serial data bus (Clock, dataIn, dataOut) + card
	specific CS signal.
Up to 64k cards addressable by the bus protocol .	Card selection via a hardware CS signal.
Easy card identification.	Not available.
Error-protected data transfer.	Optional. A non-protected data transfer mode is available.
Sequential and single/multiple block oriented data transfer .	Single/Multiple block read/write*.

* Multiple sector Read/Write in SPI mode was approved by the MMCA and is included in MMCA system standard rev 3.1.

1.4. MultiMediaCard Standard

MultiMediaCards are fully compatible with the MultiMediaCard standard specification listed below:

The MultiMediaCard System Specification, Version 2.2

This specification may be obtained from:

MultiMediaCard Association

19672 Stevens Creek Blvd., Suite 404

Cupertino, CA 95014-2465

USA

Phone: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

Email: [e-mail]

http://www.mmca.org

1.5. Functional Description

SanDisk MultiMediaCards contain a high level, intelligent subsystem as shown in the block diagram, Figure 1-1. This intelligent (microprocessor) subsystem provides many capabilities not found in other types of memory cards. These capabilities include:

•Host independence from details of erasing and programming flash memory.

•Sophisticated system for managing defects (analogous to systems found in magnetic disk drives).

•Sophisticated system for error recovery including a powerful error correction code (ECC).

•Power management for low power operation.

MultiMediaCard Product Manual, Rev. 5.1 © 2002 SANDISK CORPORATION

1-3

Introduction to the MultiMediaCard

1.5.1. Flash Technology Independence

The 512 byte sector size of the MultiMediaCard is the same as that in an IDE magnetic disk drive. To write or read a sector (or multiple sectors), the host computer software simply issues a Read or Write command to the MultiMediaCard. This command contains the address. The host software then waits for the command to complete. The host software does not get involved in the details of how the flash memory is erased, programmed or read. This is extremely important as flash devices are expected to get more and more complex in the future. Because the MultiMediaCard uses an intelligent on-board controller, the host system software will not require changing as new flash memory evolves. In other words, systems that support the MultiMediaCard today will be able to access future SanDisk MultiMediaCards built with new flash technology without having to update or change host software.

1.5.2. Defect and Error Management

MultiMediaCards contain a sophisticated defect and error management system. This system is analogous to the systems found in magnetic disk drives and in many cases offers enhancements. For instance, disk drives do not typically perform a read after write to confirm the data is written correctly because of the performance penalty that would be incurred. MultiMediaCards do a read after write under margin conditions to verify that the data is written correctly. In the rare case that a bit is found to be defective, MultiMediaCards replace this bad bit with a spare bit within the sector header. If necessary, MultiMediaCards will even replace the entire sector with a spare sector. This is completely transparent to the host and does not consume any user data space.

The MultiMediaCard’s soft error rate specification is much better than the magnetic disk drive specification. In the extremely rare case a read error does occur, MultiMediaCards have innovative algorithms to recover the data. This is similar to using retries on a disk drive but is much more sophisticated. The last line of defense is to employ a powerful ECC to correct the data. If ECC is used to recover data, defective bits are replaced with spare bits to ensure they do not cause any future problems.

These defect and error management systems coupled with the solid-state construction give MultiMediaCards unparalleled reliability.

1.5.3. Endurance

SanDisk MultiMediaCards have a typical endurance specification for each sector of 100,000 writes (reading a logical sector is unlimited). This far exceeds what is needed in nearly all applications of MultiMediaCards. For example, even very heavy use of the MultiMediaCard in cellular phones, personal communicators, pagers and voice recorders will use only a fraction of the total endurance over the typical device’s lifetime. For instance, it would take over 34 years to wear out an area on the MultiMediaCard on which a file of any size (from 512 bytes to maximum capacity) was rewritten 3 times per hour, 8 hours a day, 365 days per year.

With typical applications the endurance limit is not of any practical concern to the vast majority of users.

1-4	MultiMediaCard Product Manual, Rev. 5.1 © 2002 SANDISK CORPORATION

Introduction to the MultiMediaCard

1.5.4. Automatic Sleep Mode

A unique feature of the SanDisk MultiMediaCard (and other SanDisk products) is automatic entrance and exit from sleep mode. Upon completion of an operation, the MultiMediaCard will enter the sleep mode to conserve power if no further commands are received within 5msec. The host does not have to take any action for this to occur. In most systems, the MultiMediaCard is in sleep mode except when the host is accessing it, thus conserving power.

When the host is ready to access the MultiMediaCard and it is in sleep mode, any command issued to the MultiMediaCard will cause it to exit sleep and respond.

1.5.5. Hot Insertion

Support for hot insertion will be required on the host, but will be supported through the connector. Connector manufacturers will provide connectors that have power pins long enough to be powered before contact is made with the other pins. Please see connector data sheets for more details. This approach is similar to that used in PCMCIA to allow for hot insertion. This applies to both MultiMediaCard and SPI modes.

1.5.6. MultiMediaCard Mode

The following sections provide valuable information on the MultiMediaCard mode.

1.5.6.1. MultiMediaCard Standard Compliance

The MultiMediaCard is fully compliant with MultiMediaCard Standard Specification, version 2.2. The structure of the Card Specific Data (CSD) register is compliant with CSD structure version 2.2.

1.5.6.2. Negotiating Operation Conditions

The MultiMediaCard supports the operation condition verification sequence defined in the MultiMediaCard standard specifications. Should the MultiMediaCard host define an operating voltage range, which is not supported by the MultiMediaCard it will put itself in an inactive state and ignore any bus communication. The only way to get the card out of the inactive state is by powering it down and up again.

In addition, the host can explicitly send the card to the inactive state by using the GO_INACTIVE_STATE command.

1.5.7. Card Acquisition and Identification

The MultiMediaCard bus is a single master (MultiMediaCard host) and multi-slaves (cards) bus. The host can query the bus and find out how many cards of which type are currently connected. The MultiMediaCard’s CID register is pre-programmed with a unique card identification number that is used during the acquisition and identification procedure.

MultiMediaCard Product Manual, Rev. 5.1 © 2002 SANDISK CORPORATION

1-5

Introduction to the MultiMediaCard

In addition, the MultiMediaCard host can read the card’s CID register using the READ_CID MultiMediaCard command. The CID register is programmed during the MultiMediaCard testing and formatting procedure, on the manufacturing floor. The MultiMediaCard host can only read this register and not write to it.

1.5.7.1. Card Status

MultiMediaCard status is stored in a 32-bit status register which is sent as the data field in the card response to host commands. The Status register provides information about the card’s current state and completion codes for the last host command.

The card status can be explicitly read (polled) with the SEND_STATUS command.

1.5.7.2. Memory Array Partitioning

Although the MultiMediaCard memory space is byte addressable with addresses ranging from 0 to the last byte, it is not a simple byte array but divided into several structures.

Memory bytes are grouped into 512 byte blocks called sectors. Every block can be read, written and erased individually.

Sectors are grouped into erase groups of 16 or 32 sectors depending on card size. Any combination of sectors within one group, or any combination of erase groups can be erased in a single erase command. A write command implicitly erases the memory before writing new data into it. An explicit erase command can be used for pre-erasing memory, which will speed up the next write operation.

Erase groups are grouped into Write Protect Groups (WPG) of 32 erase groups. The write/erase access to each WPG can be limited individually. A diagram of the memory structure hierarchy is shown in Figure 1-2.

The number of various memory structures, for the different MultiMediaCards are summarized in Table 1-3. The last (highest in address) WPG will be smaller and contain less than 32 erase groups.

1-6	MultiMediaCard Product Manual, Rev. 5.1 © 2002 SANDISK CORPORATION

Introduction to the MultiMediaCard

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Group 0		<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Erase Group 1
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Write Protect		<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Erase Group 0

WP Group N

WP Group 1

Erase Group m

Sector n

Sector 0

Sector n

Sector 2

Sector 1: Bytes 512 - 1,023

Sector 0: Bytes 0 - 511

Figure 1-2. Memory Array Partitioning

Table 1-3. Memory Array Structures Summary

Structure	SDMB-16	SDMB-32	SDMJ-64	SDMJ-128
Bytes	16 MB	32 MB	64 MB	128 MB
Sector	31,360	62,720	125,440	250,880
Erase Group Size [sectors]	32	32	32	32
Number of Erase Groups	980	1,960	3,920	7,840
Write Protect Group Size [erase groups]	32	32	32	32
Number of Write Protect Groups	31	62	123	245

NOTE: All measurements are in units per card.

MultiMediaCard Product Manual, Rev. 5.1 © 2002 SANDISK CORPORATION

1-7

Introduction to the MultiMediaCard

1.5.7.3. Read and Write Operations

The MultiMediaCard supports two read/write modes as shown in Figure 1-3.

	Single Block Mode							Misalignment Error
Memory			Memory		Memory	Memory	Memory	Memory	Memory
Sectors			Sectors		Sectors	Sectors	Sectors	Sectors	Sectors

Start

Start

Start

Address

Address

Address

(Read)

(Write)

(Read/Write)

Multiple Block Mode

Memory

Memory

Memory

Memory

Memory

Memory

Memory

Sectors

Sectors

Sectors

Sectors

Sectors

Sectors

Sectors

Write

Read

Start

Stop

Start

Stop

Address

Figure 1-3. Data Transfer Formats

Single Block Mode

In this mode, the host reads or writes one data block in a pre-specified length. The data block transmission is protected with 16-bit CRC, which is generated by the sending unit and checked by the receiving unit.

The block length for read operations is limited by the device sector size (512 bytes) , but can be as small as a single byte. Misalignment is not allowed. Every data block must be con tained in a single physical sector.

The block length for write operations must be identical to the sector size and the start address aligned to a sector boundary.

Multiple Block Mode

This mode is similar to the single block mode, but the host can read/write multiple data blocks (all have the same length), which will be stored or retrieved from contiguous memory addresses starting at the address specified in the command.

The operation is terminated with a stop transmission command. Misalignment and block length restrictions apply to multiple blocks as well, and are identical to the single block read/write operations.

1-8	MultiMediaCard Product Manual, Rev. 5.1 © 2002 SANDISK CORPORATION

Introduction to the MultiMediaCard

1.5.7.4. Data Protection in the Flash Card

Every sector is protected with an Error Correction Code (ECC). The ECC is generated (in the memory card) when the sectors are written and validated when the data is read. If defects are found, the data is corrected prior to transmission to the host.

1.5.7.5. Erase

The smallest erasable unit in the MultiMediaCard is a sector. In order to speed up the erase procedure, multiple sectors can be erased at the same time. The erase operation is divided into two stages:

Tagging—Selecting the Sectors for Erasing. To facilitate selection, a first command with the starting address is followed by a second command with the final address, and all sectors within this range will be selected for erase.

Erasing—Starting the Erase Process. The sectors are grouped into erase groups of 16 or 32 sectors. Tagging can address sectors or erase groups. Either an arbitrary set of sectors within a single erase group, or an arbitrary selection of erase groups may be erased at one time, but not both together. That is, the unit of measure for determining an erase is either a sector or an erase group. If sectors are tagged, then all selected sectors must lie within the same erase group. Tagging and erasing sectors must follow a strict command sequence.

1.5.7.6. Write Protection

Two card level write protection options are available: permanent and temporary. Both can be set using the PROGRAM_CSD command (see section 4.2.3). The permanent write protect bit, once set, cannot be cleared. This feature is implemented in the MultiMediaCard controller firmware and not with a physical OTP cell.

1.5.7.7. Copy Bit

The content of a MultiMediaCard can be marked as an original or a copy using the copy bit in the CSD register. Once the Copy bit is set (marked as a copy) it cannot be cleared. The Copy bit of the MultiMediaCard is programmed (during test and formatting on the manufacturing floor) as a copy. The MultiMediaCard can be purchased with the copy bit set (copy) or cleared, indicating the card is a master. This feature is implemented in the MultiMediaCard controller firmware and not with a physical OTP cell.

1.5.7.8. The CSD Register

All the configuration information of the MultiMediaCard is stored in the CSD register. The MSB bytes of the register contain manufacturer data. The two least significant bytes contain the host controlled data: the card Copy and write protection, the user file format indication, and the user ECC register.

The host can read the CSD register and alter the host-controlled data bytes using the SEND_CSD and PROGRAM_CSD commands (see section 4.2.3).

MultiMediaCard Product Manual, Rev. 5.1 © 2002 SANDISK CORPORATION

1-9

Introduction to the MultiMediaCard

1.5.8. SPI Mode

The SPI mode is a secondary communication protocol for MultiMediaCards. This mode is a subset of the MultiMediaCard protocol, designed to communicate with an SPI channel, commonly found in Motorola’s (and lately a few other vendors’) microcontrollers.

1.5.8.1. Negotiating Operating Conditions

The operating condition negotiation function of the MultiMediaCard bus is not supported in SPI mode. The host must work within the valid voltage range (2.7 to 3.6) volts of the card.

1.5.8.2. Card Acquisition and Identification

The card acquisition and identification function of the MultiMediaCard bus is not supported in SPI mode. The host must know the number of cards currently connected on the bus. Specific card selection is done via the CS signal.

1.5.8.3. Card Status

In SPI mode only 16 bits (containing the errors relevant to SPI mode) can be read out of the MultiMediaCard status register.

1.5.8.4. Memory Array Partitioning

Memory partitioning in SPI mode is equivalent to MultiMediaCard mode. All read and write commands are byte addressable.

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Introduction to the MultiMediaCard

1.5.8.5. Read and Write Operations

The SPI mode, as defined in the MMCA Standard, version 2.2, supports only single block read/write. Additionally, the SanDisk MultiMediaCard supports a multiple block read/write that was approved by the MMCA and will be included in a future MultiMediaCard System Specification.

1.5.8.6. Data Transfer Rate

Same as for the MultiMediaCard mode when the card is operating in single block read/write mode.

1.5.8.7. Data Protection in the MultiMediaCard

Same as for the MultiMediaCard mode.

1.5.8.8. Erase

Same as in MultiMediaCard mode.

1.5.8.9. Write Protection

Same as in MultiMediaCard mode.

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Introduction to the MultiMediaCard

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2. Product Specifications

For all the following specifications, values are defined at ambient temperature and nominal supply voltage unless otherwise stated.

2.1. System Environmental Specifications

Table 2-1. System Environment Specifications

Temperature	Operating:	-25° C to 85° C
	Non-Operating:	-40° C to 85° C
Humidity	Operating:	8% to 95%, non-condensing
	Non-Operating:	8% to 95%, non-condensing
ESD Protection	Contact Pads:	± 4kV, Human body model according to ANSI
		EOS/ESD-S5.1-1998
	Non Contact Pad Area:	± 8kV (coupling plane discharge)
		± 15kV (air discharge)
		Human body model per IEC61000-4-2
Acoustic Noise:		0 dB
Vibration	Operating:	15 G peak to peak max.
	Non-Operating:	15 G peak to peak max.
Shock	Operating:	1,000 G max.
	Non-Operating:	1,000 G max.
Altitude (relative to sea level)	Operating:	80,000 feet max.
	Non-Operating:	80,000 feet max.

2.2. Typical System Power Requirements

Table 2-2. System Power Requirements

Operation	@3.6V	@2.7V
Read	25	20
Write	35	25
Sleep	50µ A (typical)	40µ A (typical)
	150µ A (max)	120µ A (max)

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2-1

Product Specifications

2.3. System Performance

Table 2-3. System Performance

	Typical	Maximum
Block Read Access Time
Binary Products	1.5msec	15msec
MLC Products	10msec	100msec
Block Write Access Time
Binary Products	24msec	240msec
MLC Products	40msec	400msec
CMD1 to Ready (after power up)	50msec	500msec
Sleep to Ready	1msec	2msec

NOTES: All values quoted are under the following conditions:

1)Voltage range: 2.7 V to 3.6 V.

2)Temperature range: -25° C to 85° C.

3)Are independent of the MultiMediaCard clock frequency.

2.4.System Reliability and Maintenance

Table 2-4. System Reliability and Maintenance

MTBF	> 1,000,000 hours
Preventive Maintenance	None
Data Reliability	<1 non-recoverable error in 1014 bits read
Endurance	100,000 write/erase cycles (typical)

2.5. Physical Specifications

Table 2-5 lists the physical specifications and Figure 2-1 shows MultiMediaCard physical dimensions.

Table 2-5. Physical Specifications

Weight	1.5 g. maximum
Length	32mm ± 0.1mm
Width	24mm ± 0.08mm
Thickness	1.4mm ± 0.1mm

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Product Specifications

0.2

32.0 ± 0.1

4.5 min.

1.2 max.

0.00

3.10 max.

4.65 min.

5.60 max.

7.15 min.

8.10 max.

9.65min.

10.60max.

13.10max. 12.15 min.

15.60max. 14.65 min.

18.10 max. 17.15 min.

19.65min.

4.0± 0.1

4.0± 0.1

2 x R0.5 ± 0.1

All dimensions are in millimeters.

1.4 ± 0.1

24.00 ± 0.08

3 x R1.0 ± 0.1

Figure 2-1. MultiMediaCard Dimensions

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Product Specifications

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3. MultiMediaCard Interface Description

3.1. Physical Description

The MultiMediaCard has seven exposed contacts on one side (see Figure 2-1). The host is connected to the MultiMediaCard using a seven-pin connector.

3.1.1. Pin Assignments in MultiMediaCard Mode

Table 3-1. MultiMediaCard Pad Definition

Pin #	Name	Type*	MultiMediaCard Description
1	RSV	NC	Not Connected or Always ‘1’
2	CMD	I/O/PP/OD	Command/Response
3	VSS1	S	Supply voltage ground
4	VDD	S	Supply voltage
5	CLK	I	Clock
6	VSS2	S	Supply voltage ground
7	DAT[0]	I/O/PP	Data 0

* S=power supply; I=input; O=output; PP=push-pull; OD=open-drain; NC=not connected.

3.1.2. Pin Assignments in SPI Mode

Table 3-2. SPI Pad Definition

Pin #	Name	Type*	SPI Description
1	CS	I	Chip Select (Active low)
2	DataIn	I	Host to Card Commands and Data
3	VSS1	S	Supply Voltage Ground
4	VDD	S	Supply Voltage
5	CLK	I	Clock
6	VSS2	S	Supply Voltage Ground
7	DataOut	O	Card to Host Data and Status

* S=power supply; I=input; O=output.

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3-1

MultiMediaCard Interface Description

3.2. MultiMediaCard Bus Topology

The MultiMediaCard bus has three communication lines and four supply lines (see Figure 3-1):

•CMD—Command is a bi-directional signal. Host and card drivers are operating in two modes, open drain and push pull.

•DAT—Data is a bi-directional signal. Host and card drivers are operating in push pull mode.

•CLK—Clock is a host to card signal. CLK operates in push pull mode.

•VDD—VDD is the power supply line for all cards.

•VSS[1:2]—VSS are two ground lines.

ROD

RDAT RCMD

CMD

DAT

CLK

		C1	C2 C3
			1	2	3	4	5	6	7
		CBUS = max (C1, C 2, C3 )
MultiMediaCard			MultiMediaCard
	Host

Figure 3-1. Bus Circuitry Diagram

The ROD is switched on and off by the host synchronously to the open-drain and push-pull mode transitions. RDAT and RCMD are pull-up resistors protecting the CMD and the DAT line against bus floating when no card is inserted or when all card drivers are in a hi-impedance mode.

A constant current source can replace the ROD in order to achieve better performance (constant slopes for the signal rising and falling edges). If the host does not allow the switchable ROD implementation, a fix RCMD can be used. Consequently the maximum operating frequency in the open drain mode has to be reduced in this case.

Hot Insertion/Removal

Hot insertion and removal are allowed. The SanDisk MultiMediaCard will not be damaged by inserting or removing it into the MultiMediaCard bus even when the power is up:

•The inserted card will be properly reset also when CLK carries a clock frequency fPP.

•Data transfer failures induced by removal/insertion should be detected by the bus master using the CRC codes that suffix every bus transaction.

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MultiMediaCard Interface Description

3.2.1. Power Protection

Cards can be inserted/removed into/from the bus without damage. If one of the supply pins (VDD or VSS) is not connected properly, then the current is drawn through a data line to supply the card.

If the hot insertion feature is implemented in the host, then the host has to withstand a shortcut between V and V

DD SS

without damage.

3.3. SPI Bus Topology

The MultiMediaCard SPI interface is compatible with SPI hosts available on the market. As with any other SPI device, the MultiMediaCard SPI channel consists of the following four signals:

•CS—Host to card Chip Select signal.

•CLK—Host to card clock signal.

•DataIn—Host to card data signal.

•DataOut—Card to host data signal.

Another SPI common characteristic, which is implemented in the MultiMediaCard as well, is byte transfers. All data tokens are multiples of 8-bit bytes and are always byte-aligned to the CS signal. The SPI standard defines the physical link only and not the complete data transfer protocol. The MultiMediaCard uses a subset of the MultiMediaCard protocol and command set.

The MultiMediaCard identification and addressing algorithms are replaced by a hardware Chip Select (CS) signal. There are no broadcast commands. A card (slave) is selected for every command, by asserting (active low) the CS signal (see Figure 3-2).

The CS signal must be continuously active for the duration of the SPI transaction (command, response and data). The only exception is card programming time. At this time, the host can de-assert the CS signal without affecting the programming process.

The bi-directional CMD and DAT lines are replaced by unidirectional dataIn and dataOut signals. This prevents command execution while data is being read or written and, therefore, eliminates sequential and multi block read/write operations. Only single block read/write is supported by the SPI channel.

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3-3

MultiMediaCard Interface Description

Power		SPI Bus	CS
			CS
Supply		Master

SPI Bus (CLK, DataIN, DataOut)

SPI		SPI
Card		Card

Figure 3-2. MultiMediaCard Bus System

3.3.1. Power Protection

Same as for MultiMediaCard mode.

3.4. Electrical Interface

The following sections provide valuable information on the electrical interface.

3.4.1. Power-up

The power up of the MultiMediaCard bus is handled locally in each MultiMediaCard and in the bus master. Figure 3-3 shows a power-up diagram.

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MultiMediaCard Interface Description

Logic working level

Supply voltage

VDD max

Bus master supply volt

age

Card logic working

Memory field

working

voltage range

voltage

range.

VDD min

time

Power up time

Supply ramp up time

First CMD1 to card is ready.

Initialization sequence

Initialization delay: The maximum of

1 msec, 74 clock cycles and supply ramp up time

CMD1		NCC		CMD1	NCC					CMD1

Optional repetitions of CMD1 until no cards are responding with busy bit set.

NCC

CMD2

Figure 3-3. Power-up Diagram

After power-up, including hot insertion (inserting a card when the bus is operating), the MultiMediaCard enters the Idle State. During this state, the MultiMediaCard ignores all bus transactions until CMD1 is received.

CMD1 is a special synchronization command used to negotiate the operation voltage range and to poll the cards until they are out of their power-up sequence. Besides the operation voltage profile of the cards, the response to CMD1 contains a busy flag, indicating that the card is still working on its power -up procedure and is not ready for identification. This bit informs the host that at least one card is not ready. The host has to wait (and continue to poll the cards) until this bit is cleared. The MultiMediaCard shall complete its initialization procedure within 500msec.

Getting individual cards, as well as the whole MultiMediaCard system, out of Idle State is up to the responsibility of the bus master. Since the power-up time and the supply ramp up time depend on application parameters such as the maximum number of MultiMediaCards, the bus length and the power supply unit, the host must ensure that the power is built up to the operating level (the same level which will be specified in CMD1) before CMD1 is transmitted.

After power-up, the host starts the clock and sends the initializing sequence on the CMD line. This se quence is a contiguous stream of logical ones. The sequence length is the maximum of 1msec, 74 clocks or the supply ramp up time. The additional ten clocks (beyond the 64 clocks after which the card should be ready for communication) are provided to eliminate power-up synchronization problems.

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MultiMediaCard Interface Description

3.4.2. Bus Operating Conditions

SPI Mode bus operating conditions are identical to MultiMediaCard Mode bus operating conditions. The CS (chip select) signal timing is identical to the input signal timing (see Figure 3-5).

Table 3-3. Bus Operating Conditions

General

Parameter	Symbol	Min.	Max.	Unit	Remark
Peak voltage on all lines		-0.5	3.6	V
	All Inputs
Input Leakage Current		-10	10	µ A
	All Outputs
Output Leakage Current		-10	10	µ A

Power supply voltage

Parameter	Symbol	Min.	Max.	Unit	Remark
Supply voltage	VDD	2.0	3.6	V
Supply voltage differentials (VSS1, VSS2)		-0.5	0.5	V

The current consumption of any card during the power-up procedure must not exceed 10 mA.

Capacitance

Parameter	Symbol	Min.	Max.	Unit	Remark
VDD capacitance	C (VDD)		3.0	µ F

Bus Signal Line Load

The total capacitance CL of each line of the MultiMediaCard bus is the sum of the bus master capacitance CHOST, the bus capacitance CBUS itself, and the capacitance CCARD of each card connected to this line:

CL = CHOST + CBUS + NCCARD

Where N is the number of connected cards. Given the requirement that the sum of the host and bus capacitances not exceed 30 pF for up to 10 cards, and 40 pF for up to 30 cards, the values in Table 3-4 must not be exceeded.

Table 3-4. Host and Bus Capacities

Parameter	Symbol	Min.	Max.	Unit		Remark
Pull-up resistance	RCMD	50	100	kΩ	To prevent bus floating
	RDAT
Bus signal line capacitance	CL		250	pF	fPP #	5 MHz, 30 cards
Bus signal line capacitance	CL		100	pF	fPP #	20 MHz, 10 cards
Single card capacitance	CCARD		7	pF
Maximum signal line inductance			16	nH	fPP #	20 MHz

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MultiMediaCard Interface Description

3.4.3. Bus Signal Levels

Since the bus can be supplied with a variable supply voltage, all signal levels are related to the supply voltage (see Figure 3-4).

	V
	VDD
Input		Output
High	VOH	High
Level		Level
	VIH	Undefined
Input	IL
Low	OL	Output
Level		Low
	VSS	Level
		t

Figure 3-4. Bus Signal Levels

3.4.4. Open-Drain Mode Bus Signal Level

Table 3-5. Open Drain Mode Bus Signal Level

Parameter	Symbol	Min.	Max.	Unit	Conditions
Output HIGH voltage	VOH	VDD-0.2		V	IOH = -100 A
Output LOW voltage	VOL		0.3	V	IOL = 2 mA

The input levels are identical with the push-pull mode bus signal levels.

3.4.5. Push-pull Mode Bus Signal Level

To meet the requirements of the JEDEC specification JESD8 -1A, the card input and output voltages shall be within the specified ranges in Table 3-6 for any VDD of the allowed voltage range.

Table 3-6. Push-Pull Mode Bus Signal Level

Parameter	Symbol	Min.	Max.	Unit	Conditions
Output HIGH voltage	VOH	0.75 VDD		V	IOH=-100 A
					@VDD (min.)
Output LOW voltage	VOL		0.125 VDD	V	IOL=100 A
					@VDD (min.)
Input HIGH voltage	VIH	0.625 VDD	VDD + 0.3	V
Input LOW voltage	VIL	VSS-0.3	0.25 VDD	V

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MultiMediaCard Interface Description

3.4.6. Bus Timing

SanDisk’s MultiMediaCards clock data in on the rising edge and out on the falling edge.

				TPP
				tWH	t WL
										VIH
Clock
				tTHL					t	VIL
										TLH
				tIH						VIH
Input
					t ISU					VIL
										VOH

Output

VOL

tOH

tOSU

NOTE: Data in the shaded areas is not valid.

Figure 3-5. Timing Diagram Data Input/Output Referenced to Clock

Table 3-7. Bus Timing

Parameter	Symbol	Min.	Max.	Unit	Remark
Clock CLK (All values are referred to min. (VIH) and max. (VIL)
Clock Frequency Data Transfer Mode (PP)	fPP	0	20	MHz	CL •100 pF
					(10 cards)
Clock Frequency Identification Mode (OD)	fOD	0	400	kHz	CL •250 pF
					(30 cards)
Clock Low Time	tWL	10		ns	CL •100 pF
					(10 cards)
Clock High Time	tWH	10		ns	CL •100 pF
					(10 cards)
Clock Rise Time	tTLH		10	ns	CL •100 pF
					(10 cards)
Clock Fall Time	tTHL		10	ns	CL •100 pF
					(10 cards)
Clock Low Time	tWL	50		ns	CL •250 pF
					(30 cards)
Clock High Time	tWH	50		ns	CL •250 pF
					(30 cards)
Clock Rise Time	tTLH		50	ns	CL •250 pF
					(30 cards)
Clock Fall Time	tTHL		50	ns	CL •250 pF
					(30 cards)

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