SanDisk SD032, SD128, SD-ROM, SD064 User Manual

SanDisk SD-ROM Product Manual
Revision 1.0
SanDisk Corporation
Corporate Headquarters . 601 McCarthy Boulevard . Milpitas, California 95035
Phone: 408-801-1000 . Fax: 408-801-8657
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SanDisk® Corporation general policy does not recommend the use of its products in life support applications where in a failure or malfunction of the product may directly threaten life or injury. Per SanDisk Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of SanDisk products in life support applications assumes all risk of such use and indemnifies SanDisk against all damages. See "Disclaimer of Liability."
This document is for information use only and is subject to change without prior notice. SanDisk Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document, nor for incidental or consequentia l damages resulting from the furnishing, performance or use of this material. No part of this document may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrievable manner or translated into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise, without the prior written consent of an officer of SanDisk Corporation.
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SanDisk and the SanDisk logo are registered trademarks of SanDisk Corporation. Compact Flash is a U.S. registered trademark of SanDisk Corporation.
Product names mentioned herein are for identification purposes only and may be trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
© 2007 SanDisk Corporation. All rights reserved.
SanDisk products are covered or licensed under one or more of the following U.S. Pa tent Nos. 5,070,032; 5,095,344; 5,168,465; 5,172,338; 5,198,380; 5,200,959; 5,268,318; 5,268,870; 5,272,669; 5,418,752; 5,602,987. Other U.S. and foreign patents awarded and pending.
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1 SD-ROM Card Overview

1.1 Introduction

SanDisk SD-ROM Cards provide permanent and secure read-only data storage for consumer electronic and personal computer applications. SanDisk SD-ROM Cards are based on SanDisk’s unique 3D one-time programmable (OTP) memory devices which safely store data for 100 years. This compares favorably with cards based on flash memory devices, which are typically rated to store data for 10 years or less. And unlike cards based on mask ROM memory devices, SanDisk SD-ROM Cards can be programmed immediately before shipping to end­users or retail storefronts, reducing order turn time and inventory requirements.
SanDisk SD-ROM Cards are compatible with the Secure Digital memory card specifications, with some modifications to maximize host device compatibility. Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd., SanDisk Corporation and Toshiba Corporation (SD-3C, LLC) originally defined specifications for the SD Card. SD card specifications are now maintained, controlled and assigned by the SD-3C, LLC. While a formal SD-ROM card specification does not yet exist, the SanDisk SD ROM Card has been designed to be compatible with most SD host devices today.
SanDisk SD-ROM Cards implement the 9-pin SD card interface and support a maximum operating frequency of 25 MHz and an operating voltage range of 2.7 – 3.6v. The industry­standard SD interface allows for easy integration into any design, regardless of which type of microprocessor is used. In addition to the SD interface, the SanDisk SD-ROM Card interface offers an alternate communication protocol based on the SPI standard. With some additions, the physical form factor, pin assignment, and data transfer protocol are forward compatible with current and future SanDisk SD Card products.
SanDisk SD-ROM Cards are available in 32, 64, and 128 megabyte (MB) capacities.

1.2 Feature Summary

General features of SanDisk SD-ROM Cards include:
Archival data storage with over 100 year data storage lifetime
Convenient form-factor, ideal for portable and stationary applications for content storage
Card capacities of 32, 64, and 128MB
Supports industry-standard SD and SPI interfaces
Voltage range of 2.7 to 3.6V
Variable clock rate of 0 - 25 MHz

1.3 SD Card Standard

SanDisk SD-ROM Cards are compatible with the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version
2.00. This specification is available from the SD Card Association (SDA). SD Card Association 2400 Camino Ramon, Suite 375 San Ramon, CA 94583 USA Telephone:
+1 (925) 275-6615 Fax: +1 (925) 886-4870 E-mail: office@sdcard.org Web site: www.sdcard.org
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2 SanDisk SD-ROM Card Functional Description

SanDisk SD-ROM Cards are compatible with the SD specifications, with some changes necessary for a read-only memory.
In an SD host system, the host controls all communication between itself and the cards. For detailed information, refer to Section 4 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.
This chapter contains the functional description for SanDisk SD-ROM Cards.

2.1 SD Bus Protocol

Communication over the SD bus is based on command and data-bit streams initiated by a start bit and terminated by a stop bit. See Section 3.6.1 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00, for details.

2.2 SPI Mode

The SPI Mode is a secondary communication protocol for cards in the SanDisk SD-ROM Cards. This interface mode is an alternate to the SD protocol and is designed to communicate with an SPI channel, commonly found in Motorola and other vendors' microcontrollers. More information about SPI Mode can be found in Section 7 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.

2.3 Cyclic Redundancy Codes

Cyclic Redundancy Codes (CRC) protect against transmission errors that may occur on the bus in SD systems. Detailed information and examples for CRC7 and CRC16 are provided in Section 4.5 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.

2.4 Clock Control

The host can use the bus clock signal to SanDisk SD-ROM Cards to decrease power consumption or to control data flow on the bus. See Section 4.4 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.

2.5 Sleep Mode

SanDisk SD Cards implement a feature to automatically enter and exit from sleep mode. Upon completion of an operation, cards enter sleep mode to conserve power if no additional commands are received in less than 5 milliseconds (ms). The host does not have to take any action for this to occur; however, in order to achieve the lowest sleep current, the host should also shut down its clock to the card. In most systems, cards are in sleep mode except when accessed by the host, thus conserving power.
When the host is ready to access a card in sleep mode, any command issued to the card will cause it to exit sleep mode and respond.

2.6 Hot Insertion

SanDisk SD-ROM Cards support hot insertion into a powered host device through SD connectors that have power pins that make contact before the signal pins. This approach is similar to that used in PCMCIA and MMCA devices to allow for hot insertion. For more information, refer to Section 6.1 and Section 6.2 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.
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2.7 Card State Transitions

SanDisk SD-ROM Cards operate the same as standard SD cards, where the state transition is dependent on the received command along with responses sent on the command line. The transitions are defined in Section 4.8 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00
In Card Identification Mode, the host operates the card at a slower frequency as it identifies and initializes the card. For more information see Section 4.2 in the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.
In Data Transfer Mode, the host may increase the card interface frequency to the maximum allowed frequency; it is in this mode that the host issues data read and write and other related commands. For more detailed information, refer to Section 4.3 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.
Error conditions are described in Section 4.6 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version
2.00.

2.8 Supported Commands

SanDisk SD-ROM Card support the commands in the Basic (class 0), Block Read (class 2), Application Specific (class 8), and Switch (class 10) command classes only. The commands in the Write (class 4), Erase (class 5), Write Protection (class 6), and Lock/Unlock (class 7) command classes are not applicable for a ROM card and are not supported; refer to the next section for more information.
See the SDA Physical Layer Specification, version 2.00, Section 4.7 for detailed information about card commands and Section 4.12 for timing diagrams and values.

2.9 SD-ROM Card Functional Behavior

In order to maximize compatibility and host interoperability, even though the SD-ROM card provides read-only access to its memory contents, it will appear to the host system as a standard read/write card. This is because many host devices assume all SD cards are read/write and will reject a ROM-type card.
Specifically, even though the SanDisk SD-ROM card does not support Write (class 4), Erase (class 5), Write Protection (class 6), and Lock/Unlock (class 7) commands, it will be configured to report to the host system that it supports those commands by setting the Card Command Class field in the CSD register to 5F5h. If a command from these groups is issued by the host, the card will accept the command without generating an error, but will not perform it.
In addition, the card will also appear to be non-write-protected (the PERM_WRITE_PROTECT and TEMP_WRITE_PROTECT bits in the CSD will be clear). If the host issues a write command, the card will accept the command without generating an error, but will not perform it.
Finally, the SD-ROM card does not support SD security commands. The SD_Security field in the SCR register is set to 0h, indicating no security support.
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3 SanDisk SD-ROM Card Specifications

3.1 Operating Specifications

The table below summarizes the SD-ROM operating specifications.
Parameter Value Notes
Supply Voltage 2.0 – 3.6v during card identification for version 1.1 cards
2.7 – 3.6v all supported commands Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Data Retention 100 years minimum Data Endurance 1x109 read cycles Interface speed 0 – 25MHz variable clock rate Read Bandwidth 1.8MB/s minimum sequential read, 25MHz interface speed
Read Current Sleep Current 250uA maximum
Reset to Read Latency 300ms Read Command Response 100ms
-25 – 85 °C
-40 – 85 °C
50mA typical 75mA maximum

3.2 Memory Capacity

maximum at 3.6v, 85 °C
SanDisk SD-ROM Cards are sold preloaded with an OEM-specified image which may or may not have a file system. In general, a file system provides structure for data; the SD Card File System Specification, published by the SDA, describes the file format system that is typically implemented on SD cards.
SanDisk SD-ROM cards do not support the SD security features (CPRM), and are therefore organized as a single non-secure partition. The content data can be accessed by the host system using standard read commands.
The following table lists the available user space for 32, 64, and 128MB cards. Note that some hosts cannot handle non-standard image sizes, so the allowable space for a particular application may be less than shown in the table.
Capacity Maximum User LBA Maximum User Data Image Size
32 MB 63,488 31.0MB (32505856 bytes) 64 MB 129,024 63.0MB (66060288 bytes)
128 MB 260,096 127.0MB (133169152 bytes)

3.3 Register Values

The SD specifications define a set of eight registers within the card interface. However, the DSR Register is optional and is not used in the SanDisk SD Card Product Family. For specific information about all registers, refer to Section 5 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.
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Register Abbreviation Width (in bits) Register Name
CID 128 Card IDentification CSD 128 Card-Specific Data SCR 64 SD Configuration Register RCA 16 Relative Card Address OCR 32 Operation Condition Register SSR 512 SD Status Register CSR 32 Card Status Register
All card registers are also accessible in SPI Mode. Their format is identical to the format in the SD Bus Mode; however, a few fields are not used in SPI Mode. In SPI Mode, the Card Status Register has a different, shorter format as well. Refer to Section 7.4 in the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00, for more details.

3.3.1 Card Identification Register

The Card Identification (CID) Register is 16 bytes long and contains the unique card identification number and other informational data. It is programmed during card content programming and cannot be changed by card hosts.
The following table lists the default configuration of the CID register for SanDisk SD-ROM Cards. More information can be found in Section 5.2 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version
2.00.
Name Type Size Value Comments
Manufacturer ID (MID) binary 8 0x03 (SanDisk)
OEM / Application ID (OID) ASCII 16 0x53, 0x44 (“SD”)
SD032
Product Name (PNM) ASCII 40
Product Revision (PRV) BCD 8 2-digit revision number Serial Number (PSN) Binary 32 32-bit unsigned integer Reserved 4
Manufacture Date (MDT) Binary 12 CRC7 Checksum (CRC) 7
unused (always 0) 1
SD064 SD128
YYM code (offset from 2000)
Controlled and assigned by SD­3C, LLC. Identifies the card OEM and/or the card contents. Controlled and assigned by SD-3C, LLC.
5-character ASCII string
ex: April 2001 = 0x014 calculated from register
contents

3.3.2 Card Specific Data Register

The Card Specific Data (CSD) Register configuration information is required to access card data. The CSD defines the data format, error correction type, maximum data access time, and other parameters. The field structures of the CSD Register vary depending on the physical specifications and card capacity. The CSD_STRUCTURE field in the CSD Register indicates which structure version is used. All current SanDisk SD-ROM are standard capacity cards and so implement CSD Version 1.0 structure.
The following table provides an overview of the CSD Register. More field-specific information can be found in Table 5-4 (Section 5.3.2) of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.
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Field Value Comments
CSD_STRUCTURE 1.0 CSD structure Reserved Reserved TAAC 1.5ms Data read access time – 1
NSAC 0 TRANS_SPEED 25MHz Maximum data transfer rate
CCC 0x5F5 Car d Command Classes READ_BL_LEN 512 bytes Maximum read data block length READ_BL_PARTIAL Yes Partial blocks for read allowed WRITE_BLK_MISALIGN No Write block misalignment READ_BLK_MISALIGN No Read block misalignment DSR_IMP No DSR implemented Reserved Reserved
C_SIZE depends on card
size
VDD_R_CURR_MIN 100mA Maximum read current @VDD minimum VDD_R_CURR_MAX 80mA Maximum read current @VDD maximum VDD_W_CURR_MIN 100mA Maximum wri t e current @VDD minimum VDD_W_CURR_MAX 80mA Maximum write current @VDD maximum
C_SIZE_MULT depends on card
size
ERASE_BLK_EN Yes Erase single block enable SECTOR_SIZE 32 blocks Erase sector size WP_GRP_SIZE 128 sectors Write protect group size WP_GRP_ENABLE Yes Write protect group enable Reserved Reserved for MMC compatibility R2W_FACTOR x16 Write speed factor
WRITE_BL_LEN WRITE_BL_PARTIAL No Partial blocks for write allowed
FILE_FORMAT_GRP 0 File format group COPY Has been copied Copy flag (OTP)
PERM_WRITE_PROTECT Not protected Permanent write protection TMP_WRITE_PROTECT Not protected Temporary write protection FILE_FORMAT HD w/partition File format Reserved Reserved CRC CRC7 CRC Not used, always “1”
512 bytes
Data read access time – 2 in CLK cycles (NSAC*100)
Device Size
Device size multiplier
Maximum write data block length

3.3.3 SD Card Configuration Register

The SD Card Configuration Register (SCR) provides information about special features in the SanDisk SD Card products. For more information, refer to Section 5.6 in the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.
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3.3.4 Card Status Register

The Card Status Register (CSR) transmits the card's status information to the host. The CSR is defined in Section 4.10.1 in the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.

3.3.5 SD Status Register

The SD Status Register (SSR) contains status bits that are related to the SD Card proprietary features and may be used for future applications. The SD Status structure is described in Section 4.10.2 in the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.

3.3.6 Relative Card Address Register

The 16-bit Relative Card Address (RCA) Register carries the card address published by the card during the card identification process. Refer to Section 5.4 in the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00 for more information.

3.3.7 Operation Conditions Register

The Operation Conditions Register (OCR) stores a card's VDD voltage profile. Refer to Section 5.1 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00 for more information.

3.4 Bus Topology

The family of SanDisk SD products supports two communication protocols: SD and SPI. For more details, refer to Section 3.5 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00. Section 6 of the specification contains a bus circuitry diagram for reference.
NOTE: SD Card pin assignments are provided by the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version
2.00; refer to Section 8.2.
SD Bus Mode Pin Assignment SPI Bus Mode Pin Assignment
#
Function I/O Type Description Function I/O Type Description
1 CD/DAT3 2 CMD push-pull
3 VSS1 4 VDD 5 CLK input Clock SCLK input Clock 6 VSS2
7 DAT0 push-pull Data [bit 0] DataOut output 8 DAT1
9 DAT2
1,2
push-pull
supply Supply Ground supply Supply Voltage
supply Supply Ground
2 2
push-pull Data [bit 1] RSV Reserved push-pull Data [bit 2] RSV Reserved
Card Detect / Data [bit 3] Command / Response
1
CS DataIn
VSS1 VDD
VSS2
input input Host-to-Card supply Supply Ground
supply Supply Voltage
supply Supply Ground
Chip Select (active low)
commands and data
Card-to-Host Data and Status
Notes:
1. At power up this line has a 50KOhm pullup enabled in the card. This resistor serves two functions: Card Detection and Mode Selection. For Mode Selection, the host can drive the line high or let it be pulled high to select SD mode. If the host wants to select SPI mode it should drive the line low. For Card detection, the host detects that the line is pulled high. This pull-up should be disconnected by the user, during regular data transfer, with the SET_CLR_CARD_DETECT (ACMD42) command.
2. The extended DAT lines (DAT1-DAT3) are input on power up. They start to operate as DAT lines after the SET_BUS_WIDTH command. It is the responsibility of the host designer to
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connect external pullup resistors to all data lines even if only DAT0 is to be used. Otherwise, non-expected high current consumption may occur due to the floating inputs of DAT1 and DAT2 (in case they are not used).
For more details regarding the SD Bus topology, refer to Section 3.5.1 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.
For more details regarding the SPI Bus topology, refer to Section 3.5.2 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.

3.5 Electrical Interface

The power scheme of SanDisk SD products is handled locally in each card and in the bus master. Refer to Section 6.4 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.

3.5.1 Power Up

Refer to Section 6.4.1 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00, for information about power sequencing.

3.5.2 Bus Operating Conditions

SPI Mode bus operating conditions are identical to SD Card Bus Mode operating conditions. For details, see Section 6.6 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00.

3.5.3 Bus Timing

SanDisk SD-ROM cards operate at a maximum clock frequency of 25MHz. See Section 6.7 of the SDA Physical Layer Specification, Version 2.00, for bus timing specifications.

3.6 Physical / Mechanical

The following table specifies the physical attributes of the SanDisk SD Card.
Parameter Value Notes
Weight 2.0g maximum Length 32mm +/- 0.1mm Width 24mm +/- 0.1mm Thickness 2.1mm +/- 0.15mm
SanDisk SD-ROM Cards are available in an SD card compatible form factor without a physical (sliding) write-protect switch. As shown in the following package diagram, the SD-ROM Card package has the write-protect "notch” in the write-enabled position, even though the card itself is read-only.
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