Samsung SPI-2L10022500 User Manual

FCC ID : A3LSPI-2L10022500

ATTACHMENT E.

- USER MANUAL -

HCT CO., LTD.

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Report No. : HCTR1003FR17

1/1

EPBD-002040

Ed. 00

Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2L10

System Description

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Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2L10 System Description

INTRODUCTION

Purpose

This description describes the characteristics, functions and structures of the SPI-2L10, which is the RAS of Mobile WiMAX.

Who Should Read This Manual

This description is intended for engineers who want to know the functions and structures of the SPI-2L10 and the Mobile WiMAX equipment operators.

Document Content and Organization

This description is composed of five Chapters and an Abbreviation as follows:

CHAPTER 1. Overview of Mobile WiMAX System

yMobile WiMAX System Introduction

yComponents of Mobile WiMAX Network

CHAPTER 2. System Overview

ySystem Introduction

yMain functions

ySpecifications

yInterface between the Systems

CHAPTER 3. System Structure

yHardware Structure

ySoftware Structure

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 4. Message Flow

yCall Processing Message Flow

yBearer Message Flow

yNetwork Synchronization Message Flow

yAlarm Message Flow

yLoading Message Flow

yOperation and Maintenance Message Flow

CHAPTER 5. Additional Functions and Tools

Web-EMT

ABBREVIATION

Describes the acronyms used in this description.

Conventions

The following types of paragraphs contain special information that must be carefully read and thoroughly understood. Such information may or may not be enclosed in a rectangular box, separating it from the main text, but is always preceded by an icon and/or a bold title.

NOTE

Indicates additional information as a reference.

Revision History

EDITION	DATE OF ISSUE	REMARKS
00	01. 2010.	First Edition

II	© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.

Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2L10 System Description

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION	I
Purpose .......................................................................................................................................	I
Who Should Read This Manual ...................................................................................................	I
Document Content and Organization ..........................................................................................	I
Conventions................................................................................................................................	II
Revision History..........................................................................................................................	II

CHAPTER 1. Overview of Mobile WiMAX System			1-1
1.1	Introduction to Mobile WiMAX..............................................................................................		1-1
1.2	Mobile WiMAX Network Configuration.................................................................................		1-5

CHAPTER 2.		System Overview	2-1
2.1	Introduction to System..........................................................................................................		2-1
2.2	Main Functions ......................................................................................................................		2-3
	2.2.1 Physical Layer Processing Function ...........................................................................		2-3
	2.2.2	Call Processing Function ............................................................................................	2-5
	2.2.3	IP Processing Functions .............................................................................................	2-6
	2.2.4	Maintenance Function ................................................................................................	2-8
2.3	Specifications ......................................................................................................................		2-13
2.4	Interface between Systems.................................................................................................		2-15

CHAPTER 3.		System Structure	3-1
3.1	Hardware Structure...............................................................................................................		3-1
	3.1.1 Detailed Structure and Functions................................................................................		3-3
	3.1.2	External Interface........................................................................................................	3-7
3.2	Software Structure.................................................................................................................		3-9
	3.2.1	Software Basic Structure.............................................................................................	3-9
	3.2.2 Call Control (CC) Block..............................................................................................		3-11
	3.2.3	OAM Block................................................................................................................	3-13

III

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 4.		Message Flow	4-1
4.1	Call Processing Message Flow .............................................................................................		4-1
	4.1.1	Initial Entry...................................................................................................................	4-1
	4.1.2	Authentication..............................................................................................................	4-4
	4.1.3	State Transition............................................................................................................	4-7
	4.1.4	Location Update ........................................................................................................	4-13
	4.1.5	Paging .......................................................................................................................	4-18
	4.1.6	Handover...................................................................................................................	4-19
	4.1.7	Disconnection............................................................................................................	4-24
4.2	Bearer Message Flow...........................................................................................................		4-26
4.3	Network Synchronization Message Flow ...........................................................................		4-27
4.4	Alarm Signal Flow ................................................................................................................		4-28
4.5	Loading Message Flow ........................................................................................................		4-29
4.6	Operation and Maintenance Message Flow .......................................................................		4-31

CHAPTER 5. Additional Functions and Tools	5-1
5.1 Web-EMT .................................................................................................................................	5-1

ABBREVIATION	I
A ~ D ............................................................................................................................................	I
E ~ L............................................................................................................................................	II
M ~ R .........................................................................................................................................	III
S ~ W ........................................................................................................................................	IV

IV	© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.

Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2L10 System Description/Ed.00

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Configuration of Mobile WiMAX System Functions (Based on Profile C)..............	1-3
Figure 1.2 Mobile WiMAX Network Configuration ..................................................................	1-5
Figure 2.1 Operating Networks Separately.............................................................................	2-7
Figure 2.2 Structure of SPI-2L10 Interface ...........................................................................	2-15
Figure 2.3 Protocol Stack between NEs ...............................................................................	2-16
Figure 2.4 Protocol Stack between SPI-2L10 and WSM ......................................................	2-16
Figure 3.1 Appearance of the SPI-2L10 (External).................................................................	3-1
Figure 3.2 Appearance of the SPI-2L10 (Internal)..................................................................	3-2
Figure 3.3 SPI-2L10 Block Diagram .......................................................................................	3-3
Figure 3.4 Detailed Structure of M2RU-2W ............................................................................	3-6
Figure 3.5 External Interface Layout Plan ..............................................................................	3-7
Figure 3.6 External Interface Configuration............................................................................	3-7
Figure 3.7 Software Structure of SPI-2L10.............................................................................	3-9
Figure 3.8 CC Block Structure...............................................................................................	3-11
Figure 3.9 OAM Software Structure......................................................................................	3-13
Figure 3.10 Interface between OAM Blocks .........................................................................	3-14
Figure 4.1 Initial Entry Procedure ...........................................................................................	4-2
Figure 4.2 Authentication Procedure (During Initial Entry) .....................................................	4-4
Figure 4.3 Authentication Procedure (During Authenticator Relocation) ................................	4-6
Figure 4.4 Awake Mode Æ Idle Mode State Transition Procedure (MS-Initiated)...................	4-7
Figure 4.5 Awake Mode Æ Idle Mode State Transition Procedure (Network-Initiated) ...........	4-8
Figure 4.6 Awake Mode Q Sleep Mode State Transition Procedure ......................................	4-9
Figure 4.7 Idle Mode Æ Awake Mode State Transition Procedure (QCS) ............................	4-10
Figure 4.8 Inter-RAS Location Update Procedure................................................................	4-13
Figure 4.9 Inter-ACR Location Update Procedure (PMIP/CMIP)..........................................	4-14
Figure 4.10 Inter-ACR Location Update Procedure (Simple IP) ...........................................	4-16
Figure 4.11 Paging Procedure..............................................................................................	4-18
Figure 4.12 Inter-RAS Handover Procedure.........................................................................	4-19
Figure 4.13 Inter-ASN Handover (ASN-Anchored Mobility)..................................................	4-21
Figure 4.14 Inter-ASN Handover (CSN-Anchored Mobility)..................................................	4-23
Figure 4.15 Disconnection (Awake Mode)............................................................................	4-24
Figure 4.16 Disconnection (Idle Mode).................................................................................	4-25
Figure 5.17 Bearer Message Flow .......................................................................................	4-26
Figure 4.18 Network Synchronization Flow of SPI-2L10 ......................................................	4-27

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Figure 4.19	Alarm Signal Flow of SPI-2L10 ..........................................................................	4-28
Figure 4.20	Loading Message Flow ......................................................................................	4-30
Figure 4.21	Operation and Maintenance Signal Flow ...........................................................	4-31
Figure 5.1	Web-EMT Interface................................................................................................	5-1

VI	© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.

Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2L10 System Description

CHAPTER 1. Overview of Mobile

WiMAX System

1.1 Introduction to Mobile WiMAX

The Mobile WiMAX system is the wireless network system that supports IEEE 802.16 base service. The IEEE 802.16 standard is the basis of Mobile WiMAX, and includes IEEE Std 802.16-2004 defining fixed wireless internet access service and IEEE Std 802.16, P802.16-2004/Cor/D3 defining the technologies supporting mobility, which include handover, paging.

Mobile WiMAX Standard

In this description, the entire Mobile WiMAX standard is expressed IEEE 802.16.

The wireless LAN (Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN) can provide high speed data services, but its radio wave is short and covers only small areas, and also gives limited user mobility. It is difficult for WLAN to ensure Quality of Service (QoS) for data service.

On the contrary, the present mobile communication networks support the mobility of the users, but the service charge and the cost of system operations are high due to the limited wireless resources. To provide faster service in the existing mobile communication networks, it requires a separate wireless communication technology such as High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) for the data services.

Mobile WiMAX can, therefore, overcome the limitations of the WLAN and present mobile communication networks, and accommodate only the advantages of the system.

Mobile WiMAX can ultimately provide the high speed wireless internet services with low cost at any time and in anyplace.

Samsung Mobile WiMAX System provides high speed data services using the transmission technology of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) by the Time Division Duplex (TDD), and can give wider coverage compared to the existing WLAN. The system performance and the capacity have been expanded by the high performance hardware, and thus, it can easily give various functions and services to the users.

1-1

CHAPTER 1. Overview of Mobile WiMAX System

Characteristics of the Mobile WiMAX System

The major characteristics of Mobile WiMAX system are listed below.

yHigh Compatibility and Cross-Interworking

The Mobile WiMAX system is based on IEEE 802.16 standard and complies with Wave 2 Profile and ASN Profile C of the Mobile WiMAX Forum. Therefore, the Mobile WiMAX system provides high compatibility and excellent cross-interworking.

yHigh Performance Module Structure

The Mobile WiMAX system has high performance by using high-performance processor and provides the module structure that it is easy to upgrade hardware and software.

yHigh System Stability

The Mobile WiMAX system provides the redundancy structure for main modules to ensure higher stability.

yVariant Advance RF and Antenna Solution Support

The Mobile WiMAX system supports Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and applies the power amplifier to support wideband operation bandwidth.

yEvolution Possibility into Next Generation Networking

The Mobile WiMAX system complies with the structure of the Mobile WiMAX ASN Profile C network and the ASN Profile C network composition is similar to the network structure considered in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)/Service Architecture Evolution (SAE). Therefore, the Mobile WiMAX system can easily evolve into the next generation network.

yMaintenance Function with Strengthened Security

The Mobile WiMAX system provides the security function (SNMPv2c/SNMPv3, SSH, FTP/SFTP and HTTPs) to all channels for operation and maintenance. The Mobile WiMAX system provides the operator Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) function to authenticate the operator and assign the right for system access and stores the operation history in a log.

1-2	© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.

Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2L10 System Description/Ed.00

Mobile WiMAX System Functions(ACR, RAS)

The Mobile WiMAX system consists of Radio Access Station (RAS), Access Control Router (ACR) and Mobile WiMAX System Manager (WSM). RAS manages 802.16 Medium Access Control (MAC)/Physical Layer (PHY) function for Mobile Station (MS), ACR manages various control functions and interworking function between Mobile WiMAX ASN system and CSN system.

System Support Standards

Network Working Group (NWG) of Mobile WiMAX Forum defines the Mobile WiMAX network as Access Service Network (ASN) and Connectivity Service Network (CSN). RAS of Samsung is Base Station (BS) and ACR is ASN-GW (Gateway) of ASN, respectively.

RAS and ACR are based on ASN Profile C and Wave 2 Profile defined in the Mobile WiMAX Forum and the Wave 2 Profile contains Wave 1 Profile.

The figure below shows the functions of the ASN systems (ACR and RAS) based on Profile C. Each block name complies with the standard of Mobile WiMAX NWG.

ASN

ASN-GW (ACR)
ASN-GW (ACR)			MIP FA			PMIP client
			MIP FA			PMIP client


	Paging Controller	Authenticator		IP Packet Forwarding

	Location Register
	Location Register	Key Distributor		Header Compression
	Context Function
	Context Function	SFA		Packet Classification
		SFA		Packet Classification
	Handover Function
	Handover Function
	(Handover Relay)	AAA Client			DHCP relay agent


		R6

BS (RAS)

	Context Function	Key Receiver			ARQ Operation


	Handover Function	RRC & RRA				MAC PDU
	(Handover Control)
	(Handover Control)
		SFM		Encapsulation/PHY
		(Admission Control)
		(Admission Control)

Figure 1.1 Configuration of Mobile WiMAX System Functions (Based on Profile C)

1-3

CHAPTER 1. Overview of Mobile WiMAX System

The ACR supports the Convergence Sublayer (CS) and performs the packet classification and Packet Header Suppression (PHS) functions. When the ACR carries out the header compression function, it supports Robust Header Compression (ROHC) defined in the NWG standard.

In addition, the ACR performs the paging controller and location register functions for an MS in Idle Mode.

In authentication, the ACR performs the authenticator function and carries out the key distributor function to manage the higher security key by interworking with the AAA server as an AAA client. At this time, RAS performs the key receiver function to receive the security key from the key distributor and manage it.

The ACR interworks with the AAA server of CSN for authentication and charging services and with the HA of CSN for Mobile IP (MIP) service. The ACR as FA of MIP supports Proxy MIP (PMIP).

The RAS performs the Service Flow Management (SFM) function to create/change/release connections for each Service Flow (SF) and the admission control function while creating/changing connections. In regard to the SFM function of the RAS, the ACR carries out the SF Authentication (SFA) and SFID management functions. The ACR carries out the SFA function to obtain the QoS information from Policy Function (PF) and apply it in the SF creation and performs the SFID management function to create/change/release SFID and map SF according to the packet classification.

In handover, the RAS performs the handover control function to determine the execution of the handover and deal with corresponding handover signaling. The ACR confirms the neighbor RAS list and relays the handover signaling message to the target system.

At this time, the ACR and the RAS carries out the context function to exchange the context information between the target system and the serving system.

The RAS provides Admission Control to collect/manage the MS’s radio resource information and the RAS’s own radio resource information (e.g., BSID). When load balancing is required based on Admission Control results, it performs resource management through FA overriding and BS init HO (Handover).

ASN System Function

For the detailed description about the system functions, refer to the system description for each system provided by Samsung.

1-4	© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.

Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2L10 System Description/Ed.00

1.2 Mobile WiMAX Network Configuration

Mobile WiMAX network is composed of ASN and CSN. ACR and RAS are involved in ASN and WSM is the Network Element (NE) to manage ACR and RAS. CSN is composed of AAA server, HA and PCRF server. ASN is connected with CSN by router and switch.

The following diagram shows the composition of Mobile WiMAX network.

AAA

	Core Router/Switch
DHCP			Internet
			Internet
	PCRF
		CSN
WSM		Edge Router/Switch
		Edge Router/Switch
			ASN
	ACR	ACR
RAS	RAS	RAS	RAS
RAS		RAS
MS	MS	MS	MS

Figure 1.2 Mobile WiMAX Network Configuration

Radio Access Station (RAS)

RAS as the system between ACR and MS has the interface with ACR and provides the wireless connection to MS under IEEE 802.16 standards to support wireless communication service for subscribers.

RAS carries out wireless signal exchange with MS, modulation/demodulation signal processing for packet traffic signal, efficient use of wireless resources, packet scheduling for Quality of Service (QoS) assurance, assignment of wireless bandwidth, Automatic Repeat request (ARQ) processing and ranging function. In addition, RAS controls the connection for packet calls and handover.

1-5

CHAPTER 1. Overview of Mobile WiMAX System

Access Control Router (ACR)

ACR, which is the system between CSN and RAS, enables several RASs to interwork with IP network, sends/receives traffic between external network and MS, and controls QoS. The ACR interfaces with the Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) server using the Diameter/RADIUS protocols, and with the Policy & Charging Rules Function (PCRF) server using the Diameter protocol. In this way, the ACR provides interfaces for the NEs of the CSN.

Mobile WiMAX System Manager (WSM)

WSM provides the management environment for the operator to operate and maintain ACR and RAS.

Home Agent (HA)

HA accesses other networks or private networks and enables Mobile IP (MIP) users to access internet. HA interworks with ACR that performs Foreign Agent (FA) function for Mobile IPv4 and interworks with MS to exchange data for Mobile IPv6.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server

The DHCP server allocates IP addresses to simple IP users. When an MS requests an IP address allocation, the DHCP server allocates an IP address in interoperation with the ACR that functions as the DHCP relay agent and sends it to the ACR.

Authorization, Authentication and Accounting (AAA) Server

AAA server interfaces with ACR and carries out subscriber authentication and accounting functions. The AAA server interfaces with ACR via Diameter/RADIUS protocol and provides Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) certification.

Policy & Charging Rules Function (PCRF) Server

The PCRF server is the server that manages the service policy and interfaces with ACR via Diameter protocol. The PCRF server sends QoS setting information for each user session and accounting rule information to ACR.

1-6	© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.

Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2L10 System Description

CHAPTER 2. System Overview

2.1 Introduction to System

The SPI-2L10, RAS of Mobile WiMAX, is controlled by ACR and connects Mobile WiMAX calls to MS.

The SPI-2L10 interfaces with MS via a wireless channel observing the Mobile WiMAX standard (IEEE 802.16) and provides high-speed data service and multimedia service in wireless broadband.

To this end, the SPI-2L10 provides the following functions: modulation/demodulation of packet traffic signal, scheduling and radio bandwidth allocation to manage air resources efficiently and ensure Quality of Service (QoS), Automatic Repeat request (ARQ) processing, ranging function, connection control function to transmit the information on the SPI-2L10 and set/hold/disconnect the packet call connection, handover control and ACR interface function and system operation management function.

The SPI-2L10 interfaces with the ACR using the Fast Ethernet method, enabling various control signals and traffic signals to be transmitted stably and quickly.

The SPI-2L10 can be installed in an outdoor environment and supports MIMO and a capacity of 2Carrier/Omni per unit.

The SPI-2331 supports 10 MHz bandwidth per carrier and has a large packet service in high speed. Other features are as follows.

Compact System

The SPI-2L10 is a single unit system that has a small system size and is lightweight.

Supporting Outdoor Environment

The SPI-2L10 is a system that can be operated in an outdoor environment. To operate normally in an outdoor environment, it detects and controls the inside temperature of the system and collects and reports the temperature-related alarms.

Because the SPI-2L10 uses a natural convection mechanism where no fan is used, it tolerates an outdoor environment and has low power consumption.

2-1

CHAPTER 2. System Overview

Convenience of Installation and Work

The SPI-2L10 can be installed on a wall or pole, or in a rack, and it can be also installed in an outdoor environment, allowing the operator to take appropriate and flexible action for various installation environments.

Supporting MIMO and Use of a High Output Power Amplifier

The SPI-2L10 supports the MIMO of 2TX/2RX RF paths to obtain diversity gains and Spatial Multiplexing (SM) effects, increasing the data transfer rate. In addition, it supports a maximum output of 4 W per antenna path and a maximum output of 8 W per system.

High Integrated System

The SPI-2L10 has a highly integrated modular structure optimized for the 2Carrier/Omni system. It also has a small system size and is lightweight.

Protection of Software

The SPI-2L10 protects software and its configuration information using non-volatile memory within the system.

Providing or not the System Feature and Schedule to Provide the System Feature

For the providing or not the system feature and schedule to provide the features described in this system description, see separate document.

2-2	© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.

Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2L10 System Description/Ed.00

2.2 Main Functions

2.2.1 Physical Layer Processing Function

OFDMA Ranging

The ranging supported by the OFDMA system is roughly divided by the uplink timing synchronization method and the contention based bandwidth request method.

yUplink Timing Synchronization

In the uplink timing synchronization method, the SPI-2L10 detects the timing error of the uplink signal by using the ranging code transmitted from MS and transmits the timing correction command to each MS to correct the transmission timing of the uplink. The uplink timing synchronization method has initial ranging, periodic ranging, handover ranging, etc.

yContention Based Bandwidth Request

In the contention based bandwidth request method, the SPI-2L10 receives the bandwidth request ranging code from each MS and allocates uplink resources to the corresponding MS to enable to transmit the bandwidth request header. The contention based bandwidth request method has bandwidth request ranging or something.

OFDMA Sub-carrier Allocation

The subchannelization is the process to tie the sub-carriers of OFDMA as a transmission unit after grouping them by a certain rule. The SPI-2L10 performs the subchannelization to mitigate the interference between cells.

The SPI-2L10 maps the column of the modulated downlink QAM symbol structure with each sub-carrier and carries out the subchannelization when the column of the QAM symbol structure is transmitted to the MS over the wireless line. In such way, the SPI-2L10 transmits the column of the QAM symbol structure to the MS via the sub-carriers pertained to each subchannel.

DL/UL MAP Construction

The SPI-2L10 informs the air resources for the uplink and the downlink to the MS by using DL/UL MAP. The DL/UL MAP consists of the scheduling information of the SPI-2L10 and includes various control information for the MS.

Power Control

The SPI-2L10 carries out the power control function for the uplink signal received from multiple MSs and then set the power intensity of the uplink signal to a specific level. The SPI-2L10 transmits the power correction command to each MS and then makes the MS power intensity be the level required in the SPI-2L10 when the MS transmits the modulated uplink signal in a specific QAM modulation method.

2-3

CHAPTER 2. System Overview

Hybrid-ARQ (H-ARQ) Operation

H-ARQ is the physical layer retransmission method using the stop-and-wait protocol. The SPI-2L10 carries out the H-ARQ function to minimize the effect attending to the change of wireless channel environment.

MIMO

The SPI-2L10 provides the MIMO function as follows according to Mobile WiMAX Wave 2 Profile:

yDownlink

−Matrix A (STC)

Transmission ratio of the Matrix A or STC is 1 and equal to that of Single Input Single Output (SISO). However The Matrix A or the STC reduces the error of the signal received from the MS by raising the stability of the signal received from the MS by means of the Tx diversity. This technology is, also, effective in low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and provides excellent performance even when the MS moves in high speed.

−Matrix B (SM, vertical encoding)

Matrix B or SM method raises the effectiveness of the frequency by raising the transmission ratio in proportion to the number of antenna in comparison with SISO. This technology is effective when the reception SNR is high.

yUplink

−Collaborative SM

Collaborative SM is the technology that doubles the frequency efficiency in view of the SPI-2L10 as two MSs with each individual antenna send data simultaneously by using the same channel.

Adaptive MIMO Switching(SM/STC)

The SPI-2L10 provides the adaptive MIMO switching function which selects the SM or STC method dynamically for the downlink MIMO function. The SPI-2L10 performs switching based on a value calculated by reflecting the Carrier to Interference and Noise Ratio (CINR) and transmission success rate sent by an MS.

2-4	© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.

Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2L10 System Description/Ed.00

2.2.2 Call Processing Function

Cell Initialization Function

The SPI-2L10 announces the MAC Management message such as DCD/UCD/MOB_NBRADV to the cell area in service periodically to enable the MS receiving the message to carry out the appropriate call processing function.

Call Control and Wireless Resource Allocation Function

The SPI-2L10 enables an MS to enter to or exit from the network. When an MS enters to or exit from the network, the SPI-2L10 transmits/receives the signaling message required for call processing via R1 interface with the MS or R6 interface with ACR.

The SPI-2L10 allocates various management/transport Connection Identifier (CID) required for the network entry and service to an MS. When the MS exit from the network, the SPI-2L10 collects and release the allocated CID.

Handover

The SPI-2L10 carries out the signaling and bearer processing for inter-sector HO (Handover), inter-ACR HO and inter-carrier HO. At this time, ACR relays the handover message between serving RAS and target RAS through the R6 interface.

Support of Sleep Mode

Sleep mode is defined in the IEEE 802.16 standard to save MS battery power. When the MS transits to Sleep mode or the MS in Sleep mode returns to Awake mode, the SPI-2L10 sends and receives the required signaling messages to and from the MS and carries out the corresponding call processing functions.

Admission Control (AC) Function

When receiving a call setup request, such as network entry, QCS (or network re-entry), or handover request, from the MS, the SPI-2L10 carries out the admission control function that monitors the CPU load, the traffic load and the number of users in Awake mode for each subcell, and the number of service flows for each MS, subcell and QoS class to prevent system overload and guarantee service quality.

MAC ARQ Function

The SPI-2L10 carries out the ARQ function of the MAC layer. In packet data exchange, the transmission side transmits ARQ block which SDU is divided into, and retransmits the packet according to the ARQ feedback information received from the reception side to raise the reliability of data communication.

The SPI-2L10 carries out the following function for the service flows applying ARQ:

yMAC Management creation and transmission concerned with ARQ operation

yFeedback processing depending on ARQ types

yBlock processing (fragmentation/reassemble/retransmission) depending on ARQ types

yARQ timer/window management

2-5

CHAPTER 2. System Overview

QoS Support Function

To maintain the QoS constraints given to each QoS class or service flow, the SPI-2L10 assigns a queue within the modem to each service flow and performs a scheduling according to the priorities of those service flows. Because real-time traffic has a higher priority than non-real-time traffic, a strict priority scheduling is used to schedule real-time traffic first.

All real-time traffic is scheduled considering its transmission delay. All non-real-time traffic is scheduled using the Proportional Fair (PF) scheduling considering efficiency and fairness of air resources. The scheduled air resource assignment is sent to the MS using the MAP. When receiving the MAP, the MS checks the air resources assigned to it and then modulates or demodulates the downlink packets or sends the uplink packets to the assigned uplink area.

Meanwhile, the SPI-2L10 can monitor the throughput statistics per service flow and the Service Flow Addition (SFA) statistics per service flow, and provides the statistics for admission control rejection.

2.2.3 IP Processing Functions

IP QoS Function

The SPI-2L10 supports 8-class DiffServ and mapping between the services classes of the user traffic received from the MS and DiffServ classes. In addition, the SPI-2L10 supports mapping between the Differentiated Services Code Points (DSCP) and the 802.3 Ethernet MAC service classes.

However, to support the backhaul QoS function, the SPI-2L10n must interoperate with an ACR that can support the function above.

Ethernet/VLAN Interface Function

The SPI-2L10 provides Ethernet interfaces and supports the Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) function and the Ethernet CoS function. Here, the MAC bridge function defined in IEEE 802.1D is not supported.

The SPI-2L10 allows multiple VLAN IDs to be set for an Ethernet interface. To support Ethernet CoS, it maps the DSCP value of the IP header to the CoS value of the Ethernet header for Tx packets.

Operating Networks Separately

The SPI-2L10 allows configuration of two logical VLAN interfaces in a physical interface to support the network operation method in which the network for common user traffic and the network dedicated to management are separated. In this case, the IP address of each VLAN interface must have a different subnet.

Of the two VLAN interfaces, one is used for management and the other is used for user traffic. At this time, the SPI-2L10 provides the static routing table configuration function to separate the traffic of two VLAN interfaces and control each traffic path.

When the network for common user traffic and the network dedicated to management are not separated, no VLAN interface is used or only one VLAN interface can be used.

2-6	© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd.

Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2L10 System Description/Ed.00

The following figure shows an example in which the network dedicated to management and the user domain network are operated separately using the VLAN function of the SPI2L10. In the figure below, the SPI-2L10 is connected to the ASN using a physical link and supports communication with the two logically separated networks using two VLAN interfaces.

Network for management		Network for user traffic
	WSM		ACR

router			router

Access

Network

VLAN	VLAN
Interface 1	interface 2

RAS

Figure 2.1 Operating Networks Separately

Number of IP Addresses for a Backhaul Interface

The SPI-2L10 uses one IP address per carrier. Since the SPI-2L10 supports 2carrier, a total of two IP addresses are needed. At this time, the IP addresses used by the two carriers belong to a subnet.

The SPI-2L10 can operate the management network (OAM network) and the network for user traffic separately. In this case, the SPI-2L10 requires one additional IP address for interoperation with the WSM.

When the management network and the network for user traffic are not separated from each other, no additional IP address is needed. One of the two IP addresses used by the SPI-2L10 is used for interoperation with the WSM.

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IP Address

When the SPI-2L10 does not separate the management network from the network for user traffic, no additional IP address is needed. One of the two basic IP addresses is used for interoperation with the WSM.

2.2.4 Maintenance Function

The SPI-2L10 interworking with the management system carries out the following maintenance functions: system initialization and restart, management for system configuration, management for the operation parameters, failure and status management for system resources and services, statistics management for system resources and various performance data, diagnosis management for system resources and services and security management for system access and operation.

Keepalive Monitoring for ACR and RAS

The SPI-2L10 monitors the keepalive status for the ACR to check whether the logical backhaul line to the ACR is connected or disconnected. If this line is disconnected, the SPI2L10 blocks RF output and continues to monitor the up/down status for the ACR.

Then, if the SPI-2L10 receives a response message from the ACR again, it decides that the backhaul line is reconnected and starts to send RF output normally.

Graphic and Text-based Console Interface

The Mobile WiMAX System Manager (WSM) manages all RASs using the Database Management System (DBMS) and the SPI-2L10 interoperates with the WSM. Moreover, the SPI-2L10 interoperates with the console terminal to allow the operator to connect directly to the system and carry out the operation and maintenance functions.

The operator can use the graphics-based console interface (Web-EMT, Web-based Element Maintenance Terminal) or the text-based console interface (IMISH, Integrated Management Interface Shell) according to preferences and work purposes.

The operator can access the console interfaces without separate software. For the WebEMT, the operator can log in to the system using Internet Explorer. For the IMISH, the operator can log in to the system using the Secure Shell (SSH) in the Command window. However, for the Web-EMT, the operator can connect to the system only from a PC where a Web-EMT license is installed and which is authenticated.

The operator can view and configure the configuration and operational information and perform fault and status monitoring, and so on using the console terminal. However, the operator can perform resource grow/degrow or change the major parameter values only using the WSM.

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Mobile WiMAX RAS SPI-2L10 System Description/Ed.00

Interfacing with auxiliary devices

The SPI-2L10 supports the Ethernet interfaces (User Defined Ethernet (UDE)) for connecting the provider’s auxiliary devices (for example, an environment monitoring device). The SPI-2L10 also provides traffic paths along which maintenance traffic can be transmitted between the auxiliary devices and the remote auxiliary device monitoring server.

For the packets received from an auxiliary device via the UDE port, the SPI-2L10 translates their source IP address (auxiliary device's private IP address Æ RAS’s public IP address) and then sends them to the external auxiliary device monitoring server. For the packets received from the external via the backhaul port and also destined to an auxiliary device, the SPI-2L10 translates their destination IP addresses (RAS’s public IP address Æ auxiliary device's private IP address) and sends them to the auxiliary device via the UDE port. To accomplish this, the operator must set an NAT rule in the PI-2L10 and also must configure IP address and port information in the auxiliary device monitoring server to make it communicate with the specified auxiliary devices.

Only one UDE port can be used. The SPI-2L10 can interface with up to four auxiliary devices. The bandwidth for an auxiliary device is limited within 128 kbps.

Operator Authentication Function

The SPI-2L10 provides the authentication and the permission management functions for the operator who manages the Mobile WiMAX system. The operator accesses the SPI-2L10 by using the operator’s ID and password via Web-EMT or IMISH and the SPI-2L10 assigns the operation right in accordance with the operator’s level.

The SPI-2L10 carries out the logging function for access successes or failures and login history, etc. This is not a function provided in interoperation with the authentication server but a local authentication function of the RAS.

Maintenance Function with Enhanced Security Function

When communicating with the WSM, the SPI-2L10 supports SNMPv2c and Simple Network Management Protocol version 3 (SNMPv3), and FTP and SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) for security. When communicating with the console terminal, the SPI-2L10 supports Hyper Text Transfer Protocol over SSL (HTTPs) and Secure Shell (SSH).

On-line Software Upgrade

When a software package is upgraded, the SPI-2L10 can upgrade the package while running old version of software package. The package upgrade is progressed in the following procedure: ‘Add New Package Æ Change to New package Æ Delete Old Package’.

In package upgrade, the service is stopped temporarily because the old process is terminated and the new process is started in the ‘Change to New package’ stage.

However, since OS is not restarted, the service will be provided again within a few minutes. After upgrading software, the SPI-2L10 updates the package stored in a non-volatile storage. In addition, the SPI-2L10 can re-perform the ‘Change to New package’ stage to roll back into the previous package before upgrade.

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Call Trace Function

The SPI-2L10 supports the call trace function for a specific MS. The SPI-2L10 can carry out the call trace function up to 10 MSs. If a call occurs in the MS that an operator previously specified via ACR, the signaling message and statistical traffic data are transmitted to WSM. Besides, the SPI-2L10, also, sends the RF environment information, such as Carrier-to-Interference-and-Noise-Ratio (CINR) for MS, Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS) level and Burst Error Rate (BER).

Detailed Information for Each Session and Service Flow (PSMR/PSFMR)

The Mobile WiMAX system of Samsung collects and stores detailed information of all sessions (Per Session Measurement Record, PSMR) and detailed information of all service flows (Per Service Flow Measurement Record, PSFMR) to provide it to an external log server. When a session or service flow is created, the Mobile WiMAX system starts to collect relevant information, and when the session or service flow terminates, the system creates and stores a message in a file so that the external log server can collect the message. The information collected by the ACR includes session termination time, initial and final handover information (handover types, cell information), and the MAC address and IP address allocated to the MS. The SPI-2L10 collects such information as MS MAC addresses, continued session time, continued service flow time, turnaround time for network entry, CID, SFID, initial and final wireless quality information (RSSI, CINR, Tx power), and throughput information.

The ACR deliver the information collected by ACR to the SPI-2L10, and the SPI-2L10 creates and stores a file for each period.

Threshold Cross Alert (TCA) Control

The SPI-2L10 defines under/over threshold for statistics. When a statistical value collected at Bucket Interval (15, 30, and 60 minutes) is lower than the under threshold, it generates an under TCA alarm. When the value is higher than the over threshold, it generates an over TCA alarm. The alarms are reported to the WSM. TCA can enable or disable details of each statistical group and set a threshold per severity.

IEEE 802.3ah

The SPI-2L10 provides IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet OAM for a backhaul interface. Although IEEE 802.3ah OAM pertains the PHY layer, it is located in the MAC layer so

that it can be applied to all IEEE 802.3 PHYs. It creates or processes 802.3ah OAM frames according to the functions defined in the specification.

Ethernet OAM continuously monitors the connection between links at each end, and also monitors discovery, remote loopback, and error packets which deliver important link events such as Dying Gasp. It also includes a link monitoring function which delivers event notification in the event of threshold errors, and a variable retrieval function for 802.3ah standard MIB.

The SPI-2L10 supports 802.3ah Ethernet OAM passive mode such as responding to 802.3ah OAM which is triggered in external active mode entities and loopback mode operation, and sending event notification.

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Integrity Check

The SPI-2L10 proactively checks whether system configuration or operation information (PLD) is in compliance with operator commands during system loading or operation, and also checks whether system settings are OK and there is no problem with call processing. If the result is not OK, it sends an alarm to the operator. That is, it checks whether system configuration meets the minimum configuration conditions for call processing or whether all operation information consists of valid values within an appropriate range. The result is reported to the operator to help with correction of errors.

OAM Traffic Throttling

The SPI-2L10 provides a function that suppresses OAM related traffic which can occur in the system depending on the operator command. The OAM related traffic includes fault trap messages for alarm reports and statistics files that are created periodically.

In a fault trap, the operator can use an alarm inhibition command to suppress alarm generation for all or some of system fault traps. This helps control alarm traffic.

In a statistics file, the operator can use commands for statistics collection configuration to control the size of statistics file by disabling collection functions of each statistics group.

Throughput Test

The SPI-2L10 provides a throughput test for the backhaul to the ACR. The SPI-2L10 supports a server and client function for throughput tests.

The operator can set up target IP addresses, test duration, and bandwidths for throughput tests, and check throughput and loss as test results. However, as the throughput test affects system performance and call services, it is recommended not to perform the test during inservice.

System Log Control

The SPI-2L10 provides a log and log control function per application.

An application log can be created by an operator command or its debug level can be set. The operator can usually keep the log function disabled, and when the log function is necessary, he can change the debug level (Very Calm, Calm, Normal, Detail, Very Detail) to enable logging and log save functions.

However, enabling log functions for many applications while the SPI-2L10 is running may affect the system performance.

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Disabling Zero Code Suppression (ZCS)

The SPI-2L10 collects statistics data and generates statistics files periodically.

The WSM collects these statistics files. A statistics file is composed of the header used to indicate a statistics group and its detailed index (for example, a specific carrier, sector, CPU, port, etc.) and the statistics data for that index.

In a statistics period, the statistics data for a specific index can become zero in a statistics file in the following cases:

yWhen the index does not actually exist in the configuration.

yWhen the index exists in the configuration but its statistics data collected during that period is zero.

Therefore, the Disabling ZCS function, which sets the zero data flag in the sub index header, is provided to recognize the two cases separately.

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2.3 Specifications

Capacity

The capacity of the SPI-2L10 is as follows:

Category	System Capacity
Maximum Number of Carriers/Sectors	2 Carrier per RAS

Sector	Omni

Backhaul Interface	1000 Base-LX 1 Port

RF Specification

The RF specifications of the SPI-2L10 is as follows:

Category	Description
Operating Frequency	2,496~2,690 MHz

Channel Bandwidth	10 MHz

Output	Reference for the port for system antenna interfacing
	- 2 W + 2 W per Carrier @10 MHz

Unit Size and Weight

The table below lists the size and weight of the SPI-2L10.

Category	Description
Size (W × H × D, mm)	335 × 450 × 180

Weight (kg)	25 or less

Input Power

The table below lists the power standard for the SPI-2L10.

Category	Description
System Input Voltage	-48 VDC

Power Consumption	- Typical: 188 W (TBD)
	- Max: 220 W (TBD)
	* Condition: Based on room temperature, DL:UL=29:18

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Environmental Condition

The following table specifies the operating temperature, humidity, vibration, wind velocity and waterproof ranges within which the SPI-2L10 can operate, as well as the strength of the noise and electromagnetic interference produced during operation of the SPI-2L10.

Category	Range	Standard
Temperature	-40~45˚C	GR-487-CORE
		Sec. 3.29

Humidity	5~95% (Condensing up to 32˚C and not to exceed	GR-487-CORE
	0.024 kg water/kg dry air)	Sec.3.34.2

Noise	Acoustical Noise Suppression (Outdoor)	GR-487-CORE
	- Under 65 dBA at a height of 1.0m and distance of 1.5m	Sec.3.29
	- Measured point add: top roof

EMI	Meets class B.	FCC Part 15

EMS/EMI	Meets the standard.	GR-1089-
		CORE
		Section2, 3, 4

Vibration Immunity	- Earthquake: Zone4	GR-63-CORE
	- Office Vibration	Sec.4.4
	: 5~100 Hz, 1g, 0.25 octave/minute
	- Transportation Vibration
	: 5~20 Hz: 0.01 g2/Hz
	20~200 Hz: -3 dB/octave

Wind Immunity	No damage when subject to winds in excess of 150 miles	GR-487-Core
	per hour	3.30

Waterproof	Meets IP55.	IEC 60529

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